Adding upstream version 4.19.249.upstream/4.19.249

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 982 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08e60a6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,982 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/cred.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include "overlayfs.h"
+
+
+int ovl_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	int err;
+	bool full_copy_up = false;
+	struct dentry *upperdentry;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+
+	err = setattr_prepare(dentry, attr);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	err = ovl_want_write(dentry);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
+		struct inode *realinode = d_inode(ovl_dentry_real(dentry));
+
+		err = -ETXTBSY;
+		if (atomic_read(&realinode->i_writecount) < 0)
+			goto out_drop_write;
+
+		/* Truncate should trigger data copy up as well */
+		full_copy_up = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!full_copy_up)
+		err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+	else
+		err = ovl_copy_up_with_data(dentry);
+	if (!err) {
+		struct inode *winode = NULL;
+
+		upperdentry = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
+
+		if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
+			winode = d_inode(upperdentry);
+			err = get_write_access(winode);
+			if (err)
+				goto out_drop_write;
+		}
+
+		if (attr->ia_valid & (ATTR_KILL_SUID|ATTR_KILL_SGID))
+			attr->ia_valid &= ~ATTR_MODE;
+
+		inode_lock(upperdentry->d_inode);
+		old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+		err = notify_change(upperdentry, attr, NULL);
+		revert_creds(old_cred);
+		if (!err)
+			ovl_copyattr(upperdentry->d_inode, dentry->d_inode);
+		inode_unlock(upperdentry->d_inode);
+
+		if (winode)
+			put_write_access(winode);
+	}
+out_drop_write:
+	ovl_drop_write(dentry);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ovl_map_dev_ino(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstat *stat,
+			   struct ovl_layer *lower_layer)
+{
+	bool samefs = ovl_same_sb(dentry->d_sb);
+	unsigned int xinobits = ovl_xino_bits(dentry->d_sb);
+
+	if (samefs) {
+		/*
+		 * When all layers are on the same fs, all real inode
+		 * number are unique, so we use the overlay st_dev,
+		 * which is friendly to du -x.
+		 */
+		stat->dev = dentry->d_sb->s_dev;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (xinobits) {
+		unsigned int shift = 64 - xinobits;
+		/*
+		 * All inode numbers of underlying fs should not be using the
+		 * high xinobits, so we use high xinobits to partition the
+		 * overlay st_ino address space. The high bits holds the fsid
+		 * (upper fsid is 0). This way overlay inode numbers are unique
+		 * and all inodes use overlay st_dev. Inode numbers are also
+		 * persistent for a given layer configuration.
+		 */
+		if (stat->ino >> shift) {
+			pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: inode number too big (%pd2, ino=%llu, xinobits=%d)\n",
+					    dentry, stat->ino, xinobits);
+		} else {
+			if (lower_layer)
+				stat->ino |= ((u64)lower_layer->fsid) << shift;
+
+			stat->dev = dentry->d_sb->s_dev;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* The inode could not be mapped to a unified st_ino address space */
+	if (S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * Always use the overlay st_dev for directories, so 'find
+		 * -xdev' will scan the entire overlay mount and won't cross the
+		 * overlay mount boundaries.
+		 *
+		 * If not all layers are on the same fs the pair {real st_ino;
+		 * overlay st_dev} is not unique, so use the non persistent
+		 * overlay st_ino for directories.
+		 */
+		stat->dev = dentry->d_sb->s_dev;
+		stat->ino = dentry->d_inode->i_ino;
+	} else if (lower_layer && lower_layer->fsid) {
+		/*
+		 * For non-samefs setup, if we cannot map all layers st_ino
+		 * to a unified address space, we need to make sure that st_dev
+		 * is unique per lower fs. Upper layer uses real st_dev and
+		 * lower layers use the unique anonymous bdev assigned to the
+		 * lower fs.
+		 */
+		stat->dev = lower_layer->fs->pseudo_dev;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ovl_getattr(const struct path *path, struct kstat *stat,
+		u32 request_mask, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct dentry *dentry = path->dentry;
+	enum ovl_path_type type;
+	struct path realpath;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	bool is_dir = S_ISDIR(dentry->d_inode->i_mode);
+	bool samefs = ovl_same_sb(dentry->d_sb);
+	struct ovl_layer *lower_layer = NULL;
+	int err;
+	bool metacopy_blocks = false;
+
+	metacopy_blocks = ovl_is_metacopy_dentry(dentry);
+
+	type = ovl_path_real(dentry, &realpath);
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+	err = vfs_getattr(&realpath, stat, request_mask, flags);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * For non-dir or same fs, we use st_ino of the copy up origin.
+	 * This guaranties constant st_dev/st_ino across copy up.
+	 * With xino feature and non-samefs, we use st_ino of the copy up
+	 * origin masked with high bits that represent the layer id.
+	 *
+	 * If lower filesystem supports NFS file handles, this also guaranties
+	 * persistent st_ino across mount cycle.
+	 */
+	if (!is_dir || samefs || ovl_xino_bits(dentry->d_sb)) {
+		if (!OVL_TYPE_UPPER(type)) {
+			lower_layer = ovl_layer_lower(dentry);
+		} else if (OVL_TYPE_ORIGIN(type)) {
+			struct kstat lowerstat;
+			u32 lowermask = STATX_INO | STATX_BLOCKS |
+					(!is_dir ? STATX_NLINK : 0);
+
+			ovl_path_lower(dentry, &realpath);
+			err = vfs_getattr(&realpath, &lowerstat,
+					  lowermask, flags);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			/*
+			 * Lower hardlinks may be broken on copy up to different
+			 * upper files, so we cannot use the lower origin st_ino
+			 * for those different files, even for the same fs case.
+			 *
+			 * Similarly, several redirected dirs can point to the
+			 * same dir on a lower layer. With the "verify_lower"
+			 * feature, we do not use the lower origin st_ino, if
+			 * we haven't verified that this redirect is unique.
+			 *
+			 * With inodes index enabled, it is safe to use st_ino
+			 * of an indexed origin. The index validates that the
+			 * upper hardlink is not broken and that a redirected
+			 * dir is the only redirect to that origin.
+			 */
+			if (ovl_test_flag(OVL_INDEX, d_inode(dentry)) ||
+			    (!ovl_verify_lower(dentry->d_sb) &&
+			     (is_dir || lowerstat.nlink == 1))) {
+				lower_layer = ovl_layer_lower(dentry);
+				/*
+				 * Cannot use origin st_dev;st_ino because
+				 * origin inode content may differ from overlay
+				 * inode content.
+				 */
+				if (samefs || lower_layer->fsid)
+					stat->ino = lowerstat.ino;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If we are querying a metacopy dentry and lower
+			 * dentry is data dentry, then use the blocks we
+			 * queried just now. We don't have to do additional
+			 * vfs_getattr(). If lower itself is metacopy, then
+			 * additional vfs_getattr() is unavoidable.
+			 */
+			if (metacopy_blocks &&
+			    realpath.dentry == ovl_dentry_lowerdata(dentry)) {
+				stat->blocks = lowerstat.blocks;
+				metacopy_blocks = false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (metacopy_blocks) {
+			/*
+			 * If lower is not same as lowerdata or if there was
+			 * no origin on upper, we can end up here.
+			 */
+			struct kstat lowerdatastat;
+			u32 lowermask = STATX_BLOCKS;
+
+			ovl_path_lowerdata(dentry, &realpath);
+			err = vfs_getattr(&realpath, &lowerdatastat,
+					  lowermask, flags);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			stat->blocks = lowerdatastat.blocks;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ovl_map_dev_ino(dentry, stat, lower_layer);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * It's probably not worth it to count subdirs to get the
+	 * correct link count.  nlink=1 seems to pacify 'find' and
+	 * other utilities.
+	 */
+	if (is_dir && OVL_TYPE_MERGE(type))
+		stat->nlink = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Return the overlay inode nlinks for indexed upper inodes.
+	 * Overlay inode nlink counts the union of the upper hardlinks
+	 * and non-covered lower hardlinks. It does not include the upper
+	 * index hardlink.
+	 */
+	if (!is_dir && ovl_test_flag(OVL_INDEX, d_inode(dentry)))
+		stat->nlink = dentry->d_inode->i_nlink;
+
+out:
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ovl_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
+{
+	struct inode *upperinode = ovl_inode_upper(inode);
+	struct inode *realinode = upperinode ?: ovl_inode_lower(inode);
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Careful in RCU walk mode */
+	if (!realinode) {
+		WARN_ON(!(mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK));
+		return -ECHILD;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check overlay inode with the creds of task and underlying inode
+	 * with creds of mounter
+	 */
+	err = generic_permission(inode, mask);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(inode->i_sb);
+	if (!upperinode &&
+	    !special_file(realinode->i_mode) && mask & MAY_WRITE) {
+		mask &= ~(MAY_WRITE | MAY_APPEND);
+		/* Make sure mounter can read file for copy up later */
+		mask |= MAY_READ;
+	}
+	err = inode_permission(realinode, mask);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const char *ovl_get_link(struct dentry *dentry,
+				struct inode *inode,
+				struct delayed_call *done)
+{
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	const char *p;
+
+	if (!dentry)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+	p = vfs_get_link(ovl_dentry_real(dentry), done);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	return p;
+}
+
+bool ovl_is_private_xattr(const char *name)
+{
+	return strncmp(name, OVL_XATTR_PREFIX,
+		       sizeof(OVL_XATTR_PREFIX) - 1) == 0;
+}
+
+int ovl_xattr_set(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode, const char *name,
+		  const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct dentry *upperdentry = ovl_i_dentry_upper(inode);
+	struct dentry *realdentry = upperdentry ?: ovl_dentry_lower(dentry);
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+
+	err = ovl_want_write(dentry);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!value && !upperdentry) {
+		old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+		err = vfs_getxattr(realdentry, name, NULL, 0);
+		revert_creds(old_cred);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto out_drop_write;
+	}
+
+	if (!upperdentry) {
+		err = ovl_copy_up(dentry);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_drop_write;
+
+		realdentry = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
+	}
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+	if (value)
+		err = vfs_setxattr(realdentry, name, value, size, flags);
+	else {
+		WARN_ON(flags != XATTR_REPLACE);
+		err = vfs_removexattr(realdentry, name);
+	}
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+
+	/* copy c/mtime */
+	ovl_copyattr(d_inode(realdentry), inode);
+
+out_drop_write:
+	ovl_drop_write(dentry);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ovl_xattr_get(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode, const char *name,
+		  void *value, size_t size)
+{
+	ssize_t res;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct dentry *realdentry =
+		ovl_i_dentry_upper(inode) ?: ovl_dentry_lower(dentry);
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+	res = vfs_getxattr(realdentry, name, value, size);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	return res;
+}
+
+static bool ovl_can_list(const char *s)
+{
+	/* List all non-trusted xatts */
+	if (strncmp(s, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN) != 0)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Never list trusted.overlay, list other trusted for superuser only */
+	return !ovl_is_private_xattr(s) &&
+	       ns_capable_noaudit(&init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+}
+
+ssize_t ovl_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
+{
+	struct dentry *realdentry = ovl_dentry_real(dentry);
+	ssize_t res;
+	size_t len;
+	char *s;
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(dentry->d_sb);
+	res = vfs_listxattr(realdentry, list, size);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+	if (res <= 0 || size == 0)
+		return res;
+
+	/* filter out private xattrs */
+	for (s = list, len = res; len;) {
+		size_t slen = strnlen(s, len) + 1;
+
+		/* underlying fs providing us with an broken xattr list? */
+		if (WARN_ON(slen > len))
+			return -EIO;
+
+		len -= slen;
+		if (!ovl_can_list(s)) {
+			res -= slen;
+			memmove(s, s + slen, len);
+		} else {
+			s += slen;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+struct posix_acl *ovl_get_acl(struct inode *inode, int type)
+{
+	struct inode *realinode = ovl_inode_real(inode);
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+	struct posix_acl *acl;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL) || !IS_POSIXACL(realinode))
+		return NULL;
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(inode->i_sb);
+	acl = get_acl(realinode, type);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+
+	return acl;
+}
+
+int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *ts, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & S_ATIME) {
+		struct ovl_fs *ofs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+		struct path upperpath = {
+			.mnt = ofs->upper_mnt,
+			.dentry = ovl_upperdentry_dereference(OVL_I(inode)),
+		};
+
+		if (upperpath.dentry) {
+			touch_atime(&upperpath);
+			inode->i_atime = d_inode(upperpath.dentry)->i_atime;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+		      u64 start, u64 len)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *realinode = ovl_inode_real(inode);
+	const struct cred *old_cred;
+
+	if (!realinode->i_op->fiemap)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(inode->i_sb);
+
+	if (fieinfo->fi_flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC)
+		filemap_write_and_wait(realinode->i_mapping);
+
+	err = realinode->i_op->fiemap(realinode, fieinfo, start, len);
+	revert_creds(old_cred);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct inode_operations ovl_file_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.permission	= ovl_permission,
+	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.get_acl	= ovl_get_acl,
+	.update_time	= ovl_update_time,
+	.fiemap		= ovl_fiemap,
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations ovl_symlink_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.get_link	= ovl_get_link,
+	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.update_time	= ovl_update_time,
+};
+
+static const struct inode_operations ovl_special_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ovl_setattr,
+	.permission	= ovl_permission,
+	.getattr	= ovl_getattr,
+	.listxattr	= ovl_listxattr,
+	.get_acl	= ovl_get_acl,
+	.update_time	= ovl_update_time,
+};
+
+static const struct address_space_operations ovl_aops = {
+	/* For O_DIRECT dentry_open() checks f_mapping->a_ops->direct_IO */
+	.direct_IO		= noop_direct_IO,
+};
+
+/*
+ * It is possible to stack overlayfs instance on top of another
+ * overlayfs instance as lower layer. We need to annonate the
+ * stackable i_mutex locks according to stack level of the super
+ * block instance. An overlayfs instance can never be in stack
+ * depth 0 (there is always a real fs below it).  An overlayfs
+ * inode lock will use the lockdep annotaion ovl_i_mutex_key[depth].
+ *
+ * For example, here is a snip from /proc/lockdep_chains after
+ * dir_iterate of nested overlayfs:
+ *
+ * [...] &ovl_i_mutex_dir_key[depth]   (stack_depth=2)
+ * [...] &ovl_i_mutex_dir_key[depth]#2 (stack_depth=1)
+ * [...] &type->i_mutex_dir_key        (stack_depth=0)
+ */
+#define OVL_MAX_NESTING FILESYSTEM_MAX_STACK_DEPTH
+
+static inline void ovl_lockdep_annotate_inode_mutex_key(struct inode *inode)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
+	static struct lock_class_key ovl_i_mutex_key[OVL_MAX_NESTING];
+	static struct lock_class_key ovl_i_mutex_dir_key[OVL_MAX_NESTING];
+	static struct lock_class_key ovl_i_lock_key[OVL_MAX_NESTING];
+
+	int depth = inode->i_sb->s_stack_depth - 1;
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(depth < 0 || depth >= OVL_MAX_NESTING))
+		depth = 0;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		lockdep_set_class(&inode->i_rwsem, &ovl_i_mutex_dir_key[depth]);
+	else
+		lockdep_set_class(&inode->i_rwsem, &ovl_i_mutex_key[depth]);
+
+	lockdep_set_class(&OVL_I(inode)->lock, &ovl_i_lock_key[depth]);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ovl_fill_inode(struct inode *inode, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev,
+			   unsigned long ino, int fsid)
+{
+	int xinobits = ovl_xino_bits(inode->i_sb);
+
+	/*
+	 * When d_ino is consistent with st_ino (samefs or i_ino has enough
+	 * bits to encode layer), set the same value used for st_ino to i_ino,
+	 * so inode number exposed via /proc/locks and a like will be
+	 * consistent with d_ino and st_ino values. An i_ino value inconsistent
+	 * with d_ino also causes nfsd readdirplus to fail.  When called from
+	 * ovl_new_inode(), ino arg is 0, so i_ino will be updated to real
+	 * upper inode i_ino on ovl_inode_init() or ovl_inode_update().
+	 */
+	if (ovl_same_sb(inode->i_sb) || xinobits) {
+		inode->i_ino = ino;
+		if (xinobits && fsid && !(ino >> (64 - xinobits)))
+			inode->i_ino |= (unsigned long)fsid << (64 - xinobits);
+	} else {
+		inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
+	}
+	inode->i_mode = mode;
+	inode->i_flags |= S_NOCMTIME;
+#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	inode->i_acl = inode->i_default_acl = ACL_DONT_CACHE;
+#endif
+
+	ovl_lockdep_annotate_inode_mutex_key(inode);
+
+	switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
+	case S_IFREG:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ovl_file_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ovl_aops;
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFDIR:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ovl_dir_operations;
+		break;
+
+	case S_IFLNK:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_symlink_inode_operations;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		inode->i_op = &ovl_special_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(inode, mode, rdev);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * With inodes index enabled, an overlay inode nlink counts the union of upper
+ * hardlinks and non-covered lower hardlinks. During the lifetime of a non-pure
+ * upper inode, the following nlink modifying operations can happen:
+ *
+ * 1. Lower hardlink copy up
+ * 2. Upper hardlink created, unlinked or renamed over
+ * 3. Lower hardlink whiteout or renamed over
+ *
+ * For the first, copy up case, the union nlink does not change, whether the
+ * operation succeeds or fails, but the upper inode nlink may change.
+ * Therefore, before copy up, we store the union nlink value relative to the
+ * lower inode nlink in the index inode xattr trusted.overlay.nlink.
+ *
+ * For the second, upper hardlink case, the union nlink should be incremented
+ * or decremented IFF the operation succeeds, aligned with nlink change of the
+ * upper inode. Therefore, before link/unlink/rename, we store the union nlink
+ * value relative to the upper inode nlink in the index inode.
+ *
+ * For the last, lower cover up case, we simplify things by preceding the
+ * whiteout or cover up with copy up. This makes sure that there is an index
+ * upper inode where the nlink xattr can be stored before the copied up upper
+ * entry is unlink.
+ */
+#define OVL_NLINK_ADD_UPPER	(1 << 0)
+
+/*
+ * On-disk format for indexed nlink:
+ *
+ * nlink relative to the upper inode - "U[+-]NUM"
+ * nlink relative to the lower inode - "L[+-]NUM"
+ */
+
+static int ovl_set_nlink_common(struct dentry *dentry,
+				struct dentry *realdentry, const char *format)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct inode *realinode = d_inode(realdentry);
+	char buf[13];
+	int len;
+
+	len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format,
+		       (int) (inode->i_nlink - realinode->i_nlink));
+
+	if (WARN_ON(len >= sizeof(buf)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	return ovl_do_setxattr(ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
+			       OVL_XATTR_NLINK, buf, len, 0);
+}
+
+int ovl_set_nlink_upper(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return ovl_set_nlink_common(dentry, ovl_dentry_upper(dentry), "U%+i");
+}
+
+int ovl_set_nlink_lower(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return ovl_set_nlink_common(dentry, ovl_dentry_lower(dentry), "L%+i");
+}
+
+unsigned int ovl_get_nlink(struct dentry *lowerdentry,
+			   struct dentry *upperdentry,
+			   unsigned int fallback)
+{
+	int nlink_diff;
+	int nlink;
+	char buf[13];
+	int err;
+
+	if (!lowerdentry || !upperdentry || d_inode(lowerdentry)->i_nlink == 1)
+		return fallback;
+
+	err = vfs_getxattr(upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_NLINK, &buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	buf[err] = '\0';
+	if ((buf[0] != 'L' && buf[0] != 'U') ||
+	    (buf[1] != '+' && buf[1] != '-'))
+		goto fail;
+
+	err = kstrtoint(buf + 1, 10, &nlink_diff);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	nlink = d_inode(buf[0] == 'L' ? lowerdentry : upperdentry)->i_nlink;
+	nlink += nlink_diff;
+
+	if (nlink <= 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	return nlink;
+
+fail:
+	pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: failed to get index nlink (%pd2, err=%i)\n",
+			    upperdentry, err);
+	return fallback;
+}
+
+struct inode *ovl_new_inode(struct super_block *sb, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = new_inode(sb);
+	if (inode)
+		ovl_fill_inode(inode, mode, rdev, 0, 0);
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static int ovl_inode_test(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+	return inode->i_private == data;
+}
+
+static int ovl_inode_set(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+	inode->i_private = data;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool ovl_verify_inode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *lowerdentry,
+			     struct dentry *upperdentry, bool strict)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For directories, @strict verify from lookup path performs consistency
+	 * checks, so NULL lower/upper in dentry must match NULL lower/upper in
+	 * inode. Non @strict verify from NFS handle decode path passes NULL for
+	 * 'unknown' lower/upper.
+	 */
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && strict) {
+		/* Real lower dir moved to upper layer under us? */
+		if (!lowerdentry && ovl_inode_lower(inode))
+			return false;
+
+		/* Lookup of an uncovered redirect origin? */
+		if (!upperdentry && ovl_inode_upper(inode))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Allow non-NULL lower inode in ovl_inode even if lowerdentry is NULL.
+	 * This happens when finding a copied up overlay inode for a renamed
+	 * or hardlinked overlay dentry and lower dentry cannot be followed
+	 * by origin because lower fs does not support file handles.
+	 */
+	if (lowerdentry && ovl_inode_lower(inode) != d_inode(lowerdentry))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allow non-NULL __upperdentry in inode even if upperdentry is NULL.
+	 * This happens when finding a lower alias for a copied up hard link.
+	 */
+	if (upperdentry && ovl_inode_upper(inode) != d_inode(upperdentry))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+struct inode *ovl_lookup_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *real,
+			       bool is_upper)
+{
+	struct inode *inode, *key = d_inode(real);
+
+	inode = ilookup5(sb, (unsigned long) key, ovl_inode_test, key);
+	if (!inode)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!ovl_verify_inode(inode, is_upper ? NULL : real,
+			      is_upper ? real : NULL, false)) {
+		iput(inode);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+	}
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
+bool ovl_lookup_trap_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *dir)
+{
+	struct inode *key = d_inode(dir);
+	struct inode *trap;
+	bool res;
+
+	trap = ilookup5(sb, (unsigned long) key, ovl_inode_test, key);
+	if (!trap)
+		return false;
+
+	res = IS_DEADDIR(trap) && !ovl_inode_upper(trap) &&
+				  !ovl_inode_lower(trap);
+
+	iput(trap);
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create an inode cache entry for layer root dir, that will intentionally
+ * fail ovl_verify_inode(), so any lookup that will find some layer root
+ * will fail.
+ */
+struct inode *ovl_get_trap_inode(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *dir)
+{
+	struct inode *key = d_inode(dir);
+	struct inode *trap;
+
+	if (!d_is_dir(dir))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
+
+	trap = iget5_locked(sb, (unsigned long) key, ovl_inode_test,
+			    ovl_inode_set, key);
+	if (!trap)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	if (!(trap->i_state & I_NEW)) {
+		/* Conflicting layer roots? */
+		iput(trap);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ELOOP);
+	}
+
+	trap->i_mode = S_IFDIR;
+	trap->i_flags = S_DEAD;
+	unlock_new_inode(trap);
+
+	return trap;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does overlay inode need to be hashed by lower inode?
+ */
+static bool ovl_hash_bylower(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *upper,
+			     struct dentry *lower, struct dentry *index)
+{
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	/* No, if pure upper */
+	if (!lower)
+		return false;
+
+	/* Yes, if already indexed */
+	if (index)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Yes, if won't be copied up */
+	if (!ofs->upper_mnt)
+		return true;
+
+	/* No, if lower hardlink is or will be broken on copy up */
+	if ((upper || !ovl_indexdir(sb)) &&
+	    !d_is_dir(lower) && d_inode(lower)->i_nlink > 1)
+		return false;
+
+	/* No, if non-indexed upper with NFS export */
+	if (sb->s_export_op && upper)
+		return false;
+
+	/* Otherwise, hash by lower inode for fsnotify */
+	return true;
+}
+
+static struct inode *ovl_iget5(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *newinode,
+			       struct inode *key)
+{
+	return newinode ? inode_insert5(newinode, (unsigned long) key,
+					 ovl_inode_test, ovl_inode_set, key) :
+			  iget5_locked(sb, (unsigned long) key,
+				       ovl_inode_test, ovl_inode_set, key);
+}
+
+struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb,
+			    struct ovl_inode_params *oip)
+{
+	struct dentry *upperdentry = oip->upperdentry;
+	struct ovl_path *lowerpath = oip->lowerpath;
+	struct inode *realinode = upperdentry ? d_inode(upperdentry) : NULL;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct dentry *lowerdentry = lowerpath ? lowerpath->dentry : NULL;
+	bool bylower = ovl_hash_bylower(sb, upperdentry, lowerdentry,
+					oip->index);
+	int fsid = bylower ? lowerpath->layer->fsid : 0;
+	bool is_dir, metacopy = false;
+	unsigned long ino = 0;
+	int err = oip->newinode ? -EEXIST : -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (!realinode)
+		realinode = d_inode(lowerdentry);
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy up origin (lower) may exist for non-indexed upper, but we must
+	 * not use lower as hash key if this is a broken hardlink.
+	 */
+	is_dir = S_ISDIR(realinode->i_mode);
+	if (upperdentry || bylower) {
+		struct inode *key = d_inode(bylower ? lowerdentry :
+						      upperdentry);
+		unsigned int nlink = is_dir ? 1 : realinode->i_nlink;
+
+		inode = ovl_iget5(sb, oip->newinode, key);
+		if (!inode)
+			goto out_err;
+		if (!(inode->i_state & I_NEW)) {
+			/*
+			 * Verify that the underlying files stored in the inode
+			 * match those in the dentry.
+			 */
+			if (!ovl_verify_inode(inode, lowerdentry, upperdentry,
+					      true)) {
+				iput(inode);
+				err = -ESTALE;
+				goto out_err;
+			}
+
+			dput(upperdentry);
+			kfree(oip->redirect);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Recalculate nlink for non-dir due to indexing */
+		if (!is_dir)
+			nlink = ovl_get_nlink(lowerdentry, upperdentry, nlink);
+		set_nlink(inode, nlink);
+		ino = key->i_ino;
+	} else {
+		/* Lower hardlink that will be broken on copy up */
+		inode = new_inode(sb);
+		if (!inode) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_err;
+		}
+		ino = realinode->i_ino;
+		fsid = lowerpath->layer->fsid;
+	}
+	ovl_fill_inode(inode, realinode->i_mode, realinode->i_rdev, ino, fsid);
+	ovl_inode_init(inode, upperdentry, lowerdentry, oip->lowerdata);
+
+	if (upperdentry && ovl_is_impuredir(upperdentry))
+		ovl_set_flag(OVL_IMPURE, inode);
+
+	if (oip->index)
+		ovl_set_flag(OVL_INDEX, inode);
+
+	if (upperdentry) {
+		err = ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(upperdentry);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto out_err;
+		metacopy = err;
+		if (!metacopy)
+			ovl_set_flag(OVL_UPPERDATA, inode);
+	}
+
+	OVL_I(inode)->redirect = oip->redirect;
+
+	if (bylower)
+		ovl_set_flag(OVL_CONST_INO, inode);
+
+	/* Check for non-merge dir that may have whiteouts */
+	if (is_dir) {
+		if (((upperdentry && lowerdentry) || oip->numlower > 1) ||
+		    ovl_check_origin_xattr(upperdentry ?: lowerdentry)) {
+			ovl_set_flag(OVL_WHITEOUTS, inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (inode->i_state & I_NEW)
+		unlock_new_inode(inode);
+out:
+	return inode;
+
+out_err:
+	pr_warn_ratelimited("overlayfs: failed to get inode (%i)\n", err);
+	inode = ERR_PTR(err);
+	goto out;
+}