Adding upstream version 241.upstream/241upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

6 files changed, 4459 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze-security.c b/src/analyze/analyze-security.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a007ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze-security.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2086 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
+
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+
+#include "analyze-security.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "format-table.h"
+#include "in-addr-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#  include "seccomp-util.h"
+#endif
+#include "set.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "unit-def.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+struct security_info {
+        char *id;
+        char *type;
+        char *load_state;
+        char *fragment_path;
+        bool default_dependencies;
+
+        uint64_t ambient_capabilities;
+        uint64_t capability_bounding_set;
+
+        char *user;
+        char **supplementary_groups;
+        bool dynamic_user;
+
+        bool ip_address_deny_all;
+        bool ip_address_allow_localhost;
+        bool ip_address_allow_other;
+
+        char *keyring_mode;
+        bool lock_personality;
+        bool memory_deny_write_execute;
+        bool no_new_privileges;
+        char *notify_access;
+
+        bool private_devices;
+        bool private_mounts;
+        bool private_network;
+        bool private_tmp;
+        bool private_users;
+
+        bool protect_control_groups;
+        bool protect_kernel_modules;
+        bool protect_kernel_tunables;
+
+        char *protect_home;
+        char *protect_system;
+
+        bool remove_ipc;
+
+        bool restrict_address_family_inet;
+        bool restrict_address_family_unix;
+        bool restrict_address_family_netlink;
+        bool restrict_address_family_packet;
+        bool restrict_address_family_other;
+
+        uint64_t restrict_namespaces;
+        bool restrict_realtime;
+
+        char *root_directory;
+        char *root_image;
+
+        bool delegate;
+        char *device_policy;
+        bool device_allow_non_empty;
+
+        char **system_call_architectures;
+
+        bool system_call_filter_whitelist;
+        Set *system_call_filter;
+
+        uint32_t _umask;
+};
+
+struct security_assessor {
+        const char *id;
+        const char *description_good;
+        const char *description_bad;
+        const char *description_na;
+        const char *url;
+        uint64_t weight;
+        uint64_t range;
+        int (*assess)(const struct security_assessor *a, const struct security_info *info, const void *data, uint64_t *ret_badness, char **ret_description);
+        size_t offset;
+        uint64_t parameter;
+        bool default_dependencies_only;
+};
+
+static void security_info_free(struct security_info *i) {
+        if (!i)
+                return;
+
+        free(i->id);
+        free(i->type);
+        free(i->load_state);
+        free(i->fragment_path);
+
+        free(i->user);
+
+        free(i->protect_home);
+        free(i->protect_system);
+
+        free(i->root_directory);
+        free(i->root_image);
+
+        free(i->keyring_mode);
+        free(i->notify_access);
+
+        free(i->device_policy);
+
+        strv_free(i->supplementary_groups);
+        strv_free(i->system_call_architectures);
+
+        set_free_free(i->system_call_filter);
+}
+
+static bool security_info_runs_privileged(const struct security_info *i)  {
+        assert(i);
+
+        if (STRPTR_IN_SET(i->user, "0", "root"))
+                return true;
+
+        if (i->dynamic_user)
+                return false;
+
+        return isempty(i->user);
+}
+
+static int assess_bool(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        const bool *b = data;
+
+        assert(b);
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = a->parameter ? *b : !*b;
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_user(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (streq_ptr(info->user, NOBODY_USER_NAME)) {
+                d = strdup("Service runs under as '" NOBODY_USER_NAME "' user, which should not be used for services");
+                b = 9;
+        } else if (info->dynamic_user && !STR_IN_SET(info->user, "0", "root")) {
+                d = strdup("Service runs under a transient non-root user identity");
+                b = 0;
+        } else if (info->user && !STR_IN_SET(info->user, "0", "root", "")) {
+                d = strdup("Service runs under a static non-root user identity");
+                b = 0;
+        } else {
+                *ret_badness = 10;
+                *ret_description = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!d)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = TAKE_PTR(d);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_protect_home(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        const char *description;
+        uint64_t badness;
+        char *copy;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        badness = 10;
+        description = "Service has full access to home directories";
+
+        r = parse_boolean(info->protect_home);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "read-only")) {
+                        badness = 5;
+                        description = "Service has read-only access to home directories";
+                } else if (streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "tmpfs")) {
+                        badness = 1;
+                        description = "Service has access to fake empty home directories";
+                }
+        } else if (r > 0) {
+                badness = 0;
+                description = "Service has no access to home directories";
+        }
+
+        copy = strdup(description);
+        if (!copy)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = badness;
+        *ret_description = copy;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_protect_system(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        const char *description;
+        uint64_t badness;
+        char *copy;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        badness = 10;
+        description = "Service has full access to the OS file hierarchy";
+
+        r = parse_boolean(info->protect_system);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "full")) {
+                        badness = 3;
+                        description = "Service has very limited write access to the OS file hierarchy";
+                } else if (streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "strict")) {
+                        badness = 0;
+                        description = "Service has strict read-only access to the OS file hierarchy";
+                }
+        } else if (r > 0) {
+                badness = 5;
+                description = "Service has limited write access to the OS file hierarchy";
+        }
+
+        copy = strdup(description);
+        if (!copy)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = badness;
+        *ret_description = copy;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_root_directory(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness =
+                (isempty(info->root_directory) ||
+                 path_equal(info->root_directory, "/")) &&
+                (isempty(info->root_image) ||
+                 path_equal(info->root_image, "/"));
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_capability_bounding_set(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = !!(info->capability_bounding_set & a->parameter);
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_umask(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        char *copy = NULL;
+        const char *d;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0002)) {
+                d = "Files created by service are world-writable by default";
+                b = 10;
+        } else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0004)) {
+                d = "Files created by service are world-readable by default";
+                b = 5;
+        } else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0020)) {
+                d = "Files created by service are group-writable by default";
+                b = 2;
+        } else if (!FLAGS_SET(info->_umask, 0040)) {
+                d = "Files created by service are group-readable by default";
+                b = 1;
+        } else {
+                d = "Files created by service are accessible only by service's own user by default";
+                b = 0;
+        }
+
+        copy = strdup(d);
+        if (!copy)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = copy;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_keyring_mode(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = !streq_ptr(info->keyring_mode, "private");
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_notify_access(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = streq_ptr(info->notify_access, "all");
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_remove_ipc(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (security_info_runs_privileged(info))
+                *ret_badness = UINT64_MAX;
+        else
+                *ret_badness = !info->remove_ipc;
+
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_supplementary_groups(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (security_info_runs_privileged(info))
+                *ret_badness = UINT64_MAX;
+        else
+                *ret_badness = !strv_isempty(info->supplementary_groups);
+
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_restrict_namespaces(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = !!(info->restrict_namespaces & a->parameter);
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_system_call_architectures(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        char *d;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(info->system_call_architectures)) {
+                b = 10;
+                d = strdup("Service may execute system calls with all ABIs");
+        } else if (strv_equal(info->system_call_architectures, STRV_MAKE("native"))) {
+                b = 0;
+                d = strdup("Service may execute system calls only with native ABI");
+        } else {
+                b = 8;
+                d = strdup("Service may execute system calls with multiple ABIs");
+        }
+
+        if (!d)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = d;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+
+static bool syscall_names_in_filter(Set *s, bool whitelist, const SyscallFilterSet *f) {
+        const char *syscall;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, f->value) {
+                int id;
+
+                if (syscall[0] == '@') {
+                        const SyscallFilterSet *g;
+
+                        assert_se(g = syscall_filter_set_find(syscall));
+                        if (syscall_names_in_filter(s, whitelist, g))
+                                return true; /* bad! */
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Let's see if the system call actually exists on this platform, before complaining */
+                id = seccomp_syscall_resolve_name(syscall);
+                if (id < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (set_contains(s, syscall) == whitelist) {
+                        log_debug("Offending syscall filter item: %s", syscall);
+                        return true; /* bad! */
+                }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int assess_system_call_filter(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        const SyscallFilterSet *f;
+        char *d = NULL;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(info);
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        assert(a->parameter < _SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MAX);
+        f = syscall_filter_sets + a->parameter;
+
+        if (!info->system_call_filter_whitelist && set_isempty(info->system_call_filter)) {
+                d = strdup("Service does not filter system calls");
+                b = 10;
+        } else {
+                bool bad;
+
+                log_debug("Analyzing system call filter, checking against: %s", f->name);
+                bad = syscall_names_in_filter(info->system_call_filter, info->system_call_filter_whitelist, f);
+                log_debug("Result: %s", bad ? "bad" : "good");
+
+                if (info->system_call_filter_whitelist) {
+                        if (bad) {
+                                (void) asprintf(&d, "System call whitelist defined for service, and %s is included", f->name);
+                                b = 9;
+                        } else {
+                                (void) asprintf(&d, "System call whitelist defined for service, and %s is not included", f->name);
+                                b = 0;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        if (bad) {
+                                (void) asprintf(&d, "System call blacklist defined for service, and %s is not included", f->name);
+                                b = 10;
+                        } else {
+                                (void) asprintf(&d, "System call blacklist defined for service, and %s is included", f->name);
+                                b = 5;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!d)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = d;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static int assess_ip_address_allow(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        char *d = NULL;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (!info->ip_address_deny_all) {
+                d = strdup("Service does not define an IP address whitelist");
+                b = 10;
+        } else if (info->ip_address_allow_other) {
+                d = strdup("Service defines IP address whitelist with non-localhost entries");
+                b = 5;
+        } else if (info->ip_address_allow_localhost) {
+                d = strdup("Service defines IP address whitelits with only localhost entries");
+                b = 2;
+        } else {
+                d = strdup("Service blocks all IP address ranges");
+                b = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!d)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = d;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_device_allow(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        char *d = NULL;
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(info);
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        if (STRPTR_IN_SET(info->device_policy, "strict", "closed")) {
+
+                if (info->device_allow_non_empty) {
+                        d = strdup("Service has a device ACL with some special devices");
+                        b = 5;
+                } else {
+                        d = strdup("Service has a minimal device ACL");
+                        b = 0;
+                }
+        } else {
+                d = strdup("Service has no device ACL");
+                b = 10;
+        }
+
+        if (!d)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *ret_badness = b;
+        *ret_description = d;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int assess_ambient_capabilities(
+                const struct security_assessor *a,
+                const struct security_info *info,
+                const void *data,
+                uint64_t *ret_badness,
+                char **ret_description) {
+
+        assert(ret_badness);
+        assert(ret_description);
+
+        *ret_badness = info->ambient_capabilities != 0;
+        *ret_description = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct security_assessor security_assessor_table[] = {
+        {
+                .id = "User=/DynamicUser=",
+                .description_bad = "Service runs as root user",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#User=",
+                .weight = 2000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_user,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SupplementaryGroups=",
+                .description_good = "Service has no supplementary groups",
+                .description_bad = "Service runs with supplementary groups",
+                .description_na = "Service runs as root, option does not matter",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SupplementaryGroups=",
+                .weight = 200,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_supplementary_groups,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "PrivateDevices=",
+                .description_good = "Service has no access to hardware devices",
+                .description_bad = "Service potentially has access to hardware devices",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateDevices=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, private_devices),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "PrivateMounts=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot install system mounts",
+                .description_bad = "Service may install system mounts",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateMounts=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, private_mounts),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "PrivateNetwork=",
+                .description_good = "Service has no access to the host's network",
+                .description_bad = "Service has access to the host's network",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateNetwork=",
+                .weight = 2500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, private_network),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "PrivateTmp=",
+                .description_good = "Service has no access to other software's temporary files",
+                .description_bad = "Service has access to other software's temporary files",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateTmp=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, private_tmp),
+                .default_dependencies_only = true,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "PrivateUsers=",
+                .description_good = "Service does not have access to other users",
+                .description_bad = "Service has access to other users",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#PrivateUsers=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, private_users),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "ProtectControlGroups=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot modify the control group file system",
+                .description_bad = "Service may modify to the control group file system",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectControlGroups=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, protect_control_groups),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "ProtectKernelModules=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot load or read kernel modules",
+                .description_bad = "Service may load or read kernel modules",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectKernelModules=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, protect_kernel_modules),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "ProtectKernelTunables=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot alter kernel tunables (/proc/sys, …)",
+                .description_bad = "Service may alter kernel tunables",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectKernelTunables=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, protect_kernel_tunables),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "ProtectHome=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectHome=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_protect_home,
+                .default_dependencies_only = true,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "ProtectSystem=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectSystem=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_protect_system,
+                .default_dependencies_only = true,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RootDirectory=/RootImage=",
+                .description_good = "Service has its own root directory/image",
+                .description_bad = "Service runs within the host's root directory",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RootDirectory=",
+                .weight = 200,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_root_directory,
+                .default_dependencies_only = true,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "LockPersonality=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot change ABI personality",
+                .description_bad = "Service may change ABI personality",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#LockPersonality=",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, lock_personality),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "MemoryDenyWriteExecute=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create writable executable memory mappings",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create writable executable memory mappings",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#MemoryDenyWriteExecute=",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, memory_deny_write_execute),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "NoNewPrivileges=",
+                .description_good = "Service processes cannot acquire new privileges",
+                .description_bad = "Service processes may acquire new privileges",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#NoNewPrivileges=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, no_new_privileges),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
+                .description_good = "Service has no administrator privileges",
+                .description_bad = "Service has administrator privileges",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SET(UID|GID|PCAP)",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot change UID/GID identities/capabilities",
+                .description_bad = "Service may change UID/GID identities/capabilities",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETUID)|
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETGID)|
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETPCAP),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
+                .description_good = "Service has no ptrace() debugging abilities",
+                .description_bad = "Service has ptrace() debugging abilities",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_PTRACE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TIME",
+                .description_good = "Service processes cannot change the system clock",
+                .description_bad = "Service processes may change the system clock",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_TIME,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_ADMIN",
+                .description_good = "Service has no network configuration privileges",
+                .description_bad = "Service has network configuration privileges",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_RAWIO",
+                .description_good = "Service has no raw I/O access",
+                .description_bad = "Service has raw I/O access",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RAWIO),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_MODULE",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot load kernel modules",
+                .description_bad = "Service may load kernel modules",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_MODULE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_AUDIT_*",
+                .description_good = "Service has no audit subsystem access",
+                .description_bad = "Service has audit subsystem access",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_READ) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYSLOG",
+                .description_good = "Service has no access to kernel logging",
+                .description_bad = "Service has access to kernel logging",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYSLOG),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_(NICE|RESOURCE)",
+                .description_good = "Service has no privileges to change resource use parameters",
+                .description_bad = "Service has privileges to change resource use parameters",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_MKNOD",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create device nodes",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create device nodes",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MKNOD),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(CHOWN|FSETID|SETFCAP)",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot change file ownership/access mode/capabilities",
+                .description_bad = "Service may change file ownership/access mode/capabilities unrestricted",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_CHOWN) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_FSETID) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETFCAP),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_(DAC_*|FOWNER|IPC_OWNER)",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot override UNIX file/IPC permission checks",
+                .description_bad = "Service may override UNIX file/IPC permission checks",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_FOWNER) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_IPC_OWNER),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_KILL",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot send UNIX signals to arbitrary processes",
+                .description_bad = "Service may send UNIX signals to arbitrary processes",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_KILL),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_NET_(BIND_SERVICE|BROADCAST|RAW)",
+                .description_good = "Service has no elevated networking privileges",
+                .description_bad = "Service has elevated networking privileges",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_RAW),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_BOOT",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot issue reboot()",
+                .description_bad = "Service may issue reboot()",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_BOOT),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_MAC_*",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot adjust SMACK MAC",
+                .description_bad = "Service may adjust SMACK MAC",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MAC_ADMIN)|
+                             (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot mark files immutable",
+                .description_bad = "Service may mark files immutable",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 75,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_IPC_LOCK",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot lock memory into RAM",
+                .description_bad = "Service may lock memory into RAM",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 50,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_IPC_LOCK),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot issue chroot()",
+                .description_bad = "Service may issue chroot()",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 50,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_CHROOT),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot establish wake locks",
+                .description_bad = "Service may establish wake locks",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_WAKE_ALARM",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot program timers that wake up the system",
+                .description_bad = "Service may program timers that wake up the system",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_WAKE_ALARM),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_LEASE",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create file leases",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create file leases",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_LEASE),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot issue vhangup()",
+                .description_bad = "Service may issue vhangup()",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_PACCT",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot use acct()",
+                .description_bad = "Service may use acct()",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#CapabilityBoundingSet=",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_capability_bounding_set,
+                .parameter = (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_PACCT),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "UMask=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#UMask=",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_umask,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "KeyringMode=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#KeyringMode=",
+                .description_good = "Service doesn't share key material with other services",
+                .description_bad = "Service shares key material with other service",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_keyring_mode,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "NotifyAccess=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#NotifyAccess=",
+                .description_good = "Service child processes cannot alter service state",
+                .description_bad = "Service child processes may alter service state",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_notify_access,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RemoveIPC=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RemoveIPC=",
+                .description_good = "Service user cannot leave SysV IPC objects around",
+                .description_bad = "Service user may leave SysV IPC objects around",
+                .description_na = "Service runs as root, option does not apply",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_remove_ipc,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, remove_ipc),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "Delegate=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#Delegate=",
+                .description_good = "Service does not maintain its own delegated control group subtree",
+                .description_bad = "Service maintains its own delegated control group subtree",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, delegate),
+                .parameter = true, /* invert! */
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictRealtime=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictRealtime=",
+                .description_good = "Service realtime scheduling access is restricted",
+                .description_bad = "Service may acquire realtime scheduling",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_realtime),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWUSER",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create user namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create user namespaces",
+                .weight = 1500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWUSER,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWNS",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create file system namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create file system namespaces",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWNS,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWIPC",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create IPC namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create IPC namespaces",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWIPC,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWPID",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create process namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create process namespaces",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWPID,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWCGROUP",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create cgroup namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create cgroup namespaces",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWCGROUP,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWNET",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create network namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create network namespaces",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWNET,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictNamespaces=~CLONE_NEWUTS",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictNamespaces=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot create hostname namespaces",
+                .description_bad = "Service may create hostname namespaces",
+                .weight = 100,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_restrict_namespaces,
+                .parameter = CLONE_NEWUTS,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_(INET|INET6)",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot allocate Internet sockets",
+                .description_bad = "Service may allocate Internet sockets",
+                .weight = 1500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_address_family_inet),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_UNIX",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot allocate local sockets",
+                .description_bad = "Service may allocate local sockets",
+                .weight = 25,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_address_family_unix),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_NETLINK",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot allocate netlink sockets",
+                .description_bad = "Service may allocate netlink sockets",
+                .weight = 200,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_address_family_netlink),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~AF_PACKET",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot allocate packet sockets",
+                .description_bad = "Service may allocate packet sockets",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_address_family_packet),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "RestrictAddressFamilies=~…",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#RestrictAddressFamilies=",
+                .description_good = "Service cannot allocate exotic sockets",
+                .description_bad = "Service may allocate exotic sockets",
+                .weight = 1250,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_bool,
+                .offset = offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_address_family_other),
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallArchitectures=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallArchitectures=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_architectures,
+        },
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@swap",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_SWAP,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@obsolete",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 250,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_OBSOLETE,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@clock",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_CLOCK,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@cpu-emulation",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 250,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_CPU_EMULATION,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@debug",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_DEBUG,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@mount",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MOUNT,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@module",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MODULE,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@raw-io",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_RAW_IO,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@reboot",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_REBOOT,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@privileged",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 700,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_PRIVILEGED,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "SystemCallFilter=~@resources",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#SystemCallFilter=",
+                .weight = 700,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_system_call_filter,
+                .parameter = SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_RESOURCES,
+        },
+#endif
+        {
+                .id = "IPAddressDeny=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#IPAddressDeny=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_ip_address_allow,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "DeviceAllow=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#DeviceAllow=",
+                .weight = 1000,
+                .range = 10,
+                .assess = assess_device_allow,
+        },
+        {
+                .id = "AmbientCapabilities=",
+                .url = "https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#AmbientCapabilities=",
+                .description_good = "Service process does not receive ambient capabilities",
+                .description_bad = "Service process receives ambient capabilities",
+                .weight = 500,
+                .range = 1,
+                .assess = assess_ambient_capabilities,
+        },
+};
+
+static int assess(const struct security_info *info, Table *overview_table, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
+        static const struct {
+                uint64_t exposure;
+                const char *name;
+                const char *color;
+                SpecialGlyph smiley;
+        } badness_table[] = {
+                { 100, "DANGEROUS", ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED,    SPECIAL_GLYPH_DEPRESSED_SMILEY        },
+                { 90,  "UNSAFE",    ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED,    SPECIAL_GLYPH_UNHAPPY_SMILEY          },
+                { 75,  "EXPOSED",   ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW, SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_UNHAPPY_SMILEY },
+                { 50,  "MEDIUM",    NULL,                  SPECIAL_GLYPH_NEUTRAL_SMILEY          },
+                { 10,  "OK",        ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN,  SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_HAPPY_SMILEY   },
+                { 1,   "SAFE",      ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN,  SPECIAL_GLYPH_HAPPY_SMILEY            },
+                { 0,   "PERFECT",   ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN,  SPECIAL_GLYPH_ECSTATIC_SMILEY         },
+        };
+
+        uint64_t badness_sum = 0, weight_sum = 0, exposure;
+        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *details_table = NULL;
+        size_t i;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT)) {
+                details_table = table_new(" ", "name", "description", "weight", "badness", "range", "exposure");
+                if (!details_table)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                (void) table_set_sort(details_table, 3, 1, (size_t) -1);
+                (void) table_set_reverse(details_table, 3, true);
+
+                if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_ANALYZE_DEBUG") <= 0)
+                        (void) table_set_display(details_table, 0, 1, 2, 6, (size_t) -1);
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(security_assessor_table); i++) {
+                const struct security_assessor *a = security_assessor_table + i;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL;
+                uint64_t badness;
+                void *data;
+
+                data = (uint8_t*) info + a->offset;
+
+                if (a->default_dependencies_only && !info->default_dependencies) {
+                        badness = UINT64_MAX;
+                        d = strdup("Service runs in special boot phase, option does not apply");
+                        if (!d)
+                                return log_oom();
+                } else {
+                        r = a->assess(a, info, data, &badness, &d);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                assert(a->range > 0);
+
+                if (badness != UINT64_MAX) {
+                        assert(badness <= a->range);
+
+                        badness_sum += DIV_ROUND_UP(badness * a->weight, a->range);
+                        weight_sum += a->weight;
+                }
+
+                if (details_table) {
+                        const char *checkmark, *description, *color = NULL;
+                        TableCell *cell;
+
+                        if (badness == UINT64_MAX) {
+                                checkmark = " ";
+                                description = a->description_na;
+                                color = NULL;
+                        } else if (badness == a->range) {
+                                checkmark = special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK);
+                                description = a->description_bad;
+                                color = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        } else if (badness == 0) {
+                                checkmark = special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK);
+                                description = a->description_good;
+                                color = ansi_highlight_green();
+                        } else {
+                                checkmark = special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK);
+                                description = NULL;
+                                color = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        }
+
+                        if (d)
+                                description = d;
+
+                        r = table_add_cell_full(details_table, &cell, TABLE_STRING, checkmark, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        if (color)
+                                (void) table_set_color(details_table, cell, color);
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, &cell, TABLE_STRING, a->id);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        if (a->url)
+                                (void) table_set_url(details_table, cell, a->url);
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, NULL, TABLE_STRING, description);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, &cell, TABLE_UINT64, &a->weight);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        (void) table_set_align_percent(details_table, cell, 100);
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, &cell, TABLE_UINT64, &badness);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        (void) table_set_align_percent(details_table, cell, 100);
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, &cell, TABLE_UINT64, &a->range);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        (void) table_set_align_percent(details_table, cell, 100);
+
+                        r = table_add_cell(details_table, &cell, TABLE_EMPTY, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                        (void) table_set_align_percent(details_table, cell, 100);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (details_table) {
+                size_t row;
+
+                for (row = 1; row < table_get_rows(details_table); row++) {
+                        char buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1];
+                        const uint64_t *weight, *badness, *range;
+                        TableCell *cell;
+                        uint64_t x;
+
+                        assert_se(weight = table_get_at(details_table, row, 3));
+                        assert_se(badness = table_get_at(details_table, row, 4));
+                        assert_se(range = table_get_at(details_table, row, 5));
+
+                        if (*badness == UINT64_MAX || *badness == 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        assert_se(cell = table_get_cell(details_table, row, 6));
+
+                        x = DIV_ROUND_UP(DIV_ROUND_UP(*badness * *weight * 100U, *range), weight_sum);
+                        xsprintf(buf, "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64, x / 10, x % 10);
+
+                        r = table_update(details_table, cell, TABLE_STRING, buf);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to update cell in table: %m");
+                }
+
+                r = table_print(details_table, stdout);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to output table: %m");
+        }
+
+        assert(weight_sum > 0);
+        exposure = DIV_ROUND_UP(badness_sum * 100U, weight_sum);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(badness_table); i++)
+                if (exposure >= badness_table[i].exposure)
+                        break;
+
+        assert(i < ELEMENTSOF(badness_table));
+
+        if (details_table) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *clickable = NULL;
+                const char *name;
+
+                /* If we shall output the details table, also print the brief summary underneath */
+
+                if (info->fragment_path) {
+                        r = terminal_urlify_path(info->fragment_path, info->id, &clickable);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        name = clickable;
+                } else
+                        name = info->id;
+
+                printf("\n%s %sOverall exposure level for %s%s: %s%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64 " %s%s %s\n",
+                       special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW),
+                       ansi_highlight(),
+                       name,
+                       ansi_normal(),
+                       colors_enabled() ? strempty(badness_table[i].color) : "",
+                       exposure / 10, exposure % 10,
+                       badness_table[i].name,
+                       ansi_normal(),
+                       special_glyph(badness_table[i].smiley));
+        }
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        if (overview_table) {
+                char buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t) + 1];
+                TableCell *cell;
+
+                r = table_add_cell(overview_table, &cell, TABLE_STRING, info->id);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                if (info->fragment_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *url = NULL;
+
+                        r = file_url_from_path(info->fragment_path, &url);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate URL from path: %m");
+
+                        (void) table_set_url(overview_table, cell, url);
+                }
+
+                xsprintf(buf, "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64, exposure / 10, exposure % 10);
+                r = table_add_cell(overview_table, &cell, TABLE_STRING, buf);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                (void) table_set_align_percent(overview_table, cell, 100);
+
+                r = table_add_cell(overview_table, &cell, TABLE_STRING, badness_table[i].name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+                (void) table_set_color(overview_table, cell, strempty(badness_table[i].color));
+
+                r = table_add_cell(overview_table, NULL, TABLE_STRING, special_glyph(badness_table[i].smiley));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add cell to table: %m");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int property_read_restrict_address_families(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        struct security_info *info = userdata;
+        int whitelist, r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(member);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "bas");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &whitelist);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        info->restrict_address_family_inet =
+                info->restrict_address_family_unix =
+                info->restrict_address_family_netlink =
+                info->restrict_address_family_packet =
+                info->restrict_address_family_other = whitelist;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (STR_IN_SET(name, "AF_INET", "AF_INET6"))
+                        info->restrict_address_family_inet = !whitelist;
+                else if (streq(name, "AF_UNIX"))
+                        info->restrict_address_family_unix = !whitelist;
+                else if (streq(name, "AF_NETLINK"))
+                        info->restrict_address_family_netlink = !whitelist;
+                else if (streq(name, "AF_PACKET"))
+                        info->restrict_address_family_packet = !whitelist;
+                else
+                        info->restrict_address_family_other = !whitelist;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+}
+
+static int property_read_system_call_filter(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        struct security_info *info = userdata;
+        int whitelist, r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(member);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "bas");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &whitelist);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        info->system_call_filter_whitelist = whitelist;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = set_ensure_allocated(&info->system_call_filter, &string_hash_ops);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = set_put_strdup(info->system_call_filter, name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+}
+
+static int property_read_ip_address_allow(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        struct security_info *info = userdata;
+        bool deny_ipv4 = false, deny_ipv6 = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(member);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "(iayu)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const void *data;
+                size_t size;
+                int32_t family;
+                uint32_t prefixlen;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "iayu");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "i", &family);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_array(m, 'y', &data, &size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "u", &prefixlen);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (streq(member, "IPAddressAllow")) {
+                        union in_addr_union u;
+
+                        if (family == AF_INET && size == 4 && prefixlen == 8)
+                                memcpy(&u.in, data, size);
+                        else if (family == AF_INET6 && size == 16 && prefixlen == 128)
+                                memcpy(&u.in6, data, size);
+                        else {
+                                info->ip_address_allow_other = true;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (in_addr_is_localhost(family, &u))
+                                info->ip_address_allow_localhost = true;
+                        else
+                                info->ip_address_allow_other = true;
+                } else {
+                        assert(streq(member, "IPAddressDeny"));
+
+                        if (family == AF_INET && size == 4 && prefixlen == 0)
+                                deny_ipv4 = true;
+                        else if (family == AF_INET6 && size == 16 && prefixlen == 0)
+                                deny_ipv6 = true;
+                }
+        }
+
+        info->ip_address_deny_all = deny_ipv4 && deny_ipv6;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+}
+
+static int property_read_device_allow(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *member,
+                sd_bus_message *m,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        struct security_info *info = userdata;
+        size_t n = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(member);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'a', "(ss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *name, *policy;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &name, &policy);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                n++;
+        }
+
+        info->device_allow_non_empty = n > 0;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+}
+
+static int acquire_security_info(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, struct security_info *info, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
+
+        static const struct bus_properties_map security_map[] = {
+                { "AmbientCapabilities",     "t",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, ambient_capabilities)      },
+                { "CapabilityBoundingSet",   "t",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, capability_bounding_set)   },
+                { "DefaultDependencies",     "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, default_dependencies)      },
+                { "Delegate",                "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, delegate)                  },
+                { "DeviceAllow",             "a(ss)",   property_read_device_allow,              0                                                         },
+                { "DevicePolicy",            "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, device_policy)             },
+                { "DynamicUser",             "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, dynamic_user)              },
+                { "FragmentPath",            "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, fragment_path)             },
+                { "IPAddressAllow",          "a(iayu)", property_read_ip_address_allow,          0                                                         },
+                { "IPAddressDeny",           "a(iayu)", property_read_ip_address_allow,          0                                                         },
+                { "Id",                      "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, id)                        },
+                { "KeyringMode",             "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, keyring_mode)              },
+                { "LoadState",               "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, load_state)                },
+                { "LockPersonality",         "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, lock_personality)          },
+                { "MemoryDenyWriteExecute",  "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, memory_deny_write_execute) },
+                { "NoNewPrivileges",         "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, no_new_privileges)         },
+                { "NotifyAccess",            "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, notify_access)             },
+                { "PrivateDevices",          "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, private_devices)           },
+                { "PrivateMounts",           "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, private_mounts)            },
+                { "PrivateNetwork",          "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, private_network)           },
+                { "PrivateTmp",              "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, private_tmp)               },
+                { "PrivateUsers",            "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, private_users)             },
+                { "ProtectControlGroups",    "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, protect_control_groups)    },
+                { "ProtectHome",             "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, protect_home)              },
+                { "ProtectKernelModules",    "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, protect_kernel_modules)    },
+                { "ProtectKernelTunables",   "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, protect_kernel_tunables)   },
+                { "ProtectSystem",           "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, protect_system)            },
+                { "RemoveIPC",               "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, remove_ipc)                },
+                { "RestrictAddressFamilies", "(bas)",   property_read_restrict_address_families, 0                                                         },
+                { "RestrictNamespaces",      "t",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_namespaces)       },
+                { "RestrictRealtime",        "b",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, restrict_realtime)         },
+                { "RootDirectory",           "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, root_directory)            },
+                { "RootImage",               "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, root_image)                },
+                { "SupplementaryGroups",     "as",      NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, supplementary_groups)      },
+                { "SystemCallArchitectures", "as",      NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, system_call_architectures) },
+                { "SystemCallFilter",        "(as)",    property_read_system_call_filter,        0                                                         },
+                { "Type",                    "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, type)                      },
+                { "UMask",                   "u",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, _umask)                    },
+                { "User",                    "s",       NULL,                                    offsetof(struct security_info, user)                      },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Note: this mangles *info on failure! */
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(info);
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(bus,
+                                   "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                   path,
+                                   security_map,
+                                   BUS_MAP_STRDUP|BUS_MAP_BOOLEAN_AS_BOOL,
+                                   &error,
+                                   NULL,
+                                   info);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        if (!streq_ptr(info->load_state, "loaded")) {
+
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LOADED))
+                        return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+
+                if (streq_ptr(info->load_state, "not-found"))
+                        log_error("Unit %s not found, cannot analyze.", name);
+                else if (streq_ptr(info->load_state, "masked"))
+                        log_error("Unit %s is masked, cannot analyze.", name);
+                else
+                        log_error("Unit %s not loaded properly, cannot analyze.", name);
+
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LONG_RUNNING) && streq_ptr(info->type, "oneshot"))
+                return -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+
+        if (info->private_devices ||
+            info->private_tmp ||
+            info->protect_control_groups ||
+            info->protect_kernel_tunables ||
+            info->protect_kernel_modules ||
+            !streq_ptr(info->protect_home, "no") ||
+            !streq_ptr(info->protect_system, "no") ||
+            info->root_image)
+                info->private_mounts = true;
+
+        if (info->protect_kernel_modules)
+                info->capability_bounding_set &= ~(UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_MODULE);
+
+        if (info->private_devices)
+                info->capability_bounding_set &= ~((UINT64_C(1) << CAP_MKNOD) |
+                                                   (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SYS_RAWIO));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int analyze_security_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, Table* overview_table, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_(security_info_free) struct security_info info = {
+                .default_dependencies = true,
+                .capability_bounding_set = UINT64_MAX,
+                .restrict_namespaces = UINT64_MAX,
+                ._umask = 0002,
+        };
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = acquire_security_info(bus, name, &info, flags);
+        if (r == -EMEDIUMTYPE) /* Ignore this one because not loaded or Type is oneshot */
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = assess(&info, overview_table, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int analyze_security(sd_bus *bus, char **units, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_(table_unrefp) Table *overview_table = NULL;
+        int ret = 0, r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (strv_length(units) != 1) {
+                overview_table = table_new("unit", "exposure", "predicate", "happy");
+                if (!overview_table)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(units)) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **list = NULL;
+                size_t allocated = 0, n = 0;
+                char **i;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ListUnits",
+                                &error, &reply,
+                                NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        UnitInfo info;
+                        char *copy = NULL;
+
+                        r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &info);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (!endswith(info.id, ".service"))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(list, allocated, n+2))
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        copy = strdup(info.id);
+                        if (!copy)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        list[n++] = copy;
+                        list[n] = NULL;
+                }
+
+                strv_sort(list);
+
+                flags |= ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT|ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LOADED|ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LONG_RUNNING;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, list) {
+                        r = analyze_security_one(bus, *i, overview_table, flags);
+                        if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = r;
+                }
+
+        } else {
+                char **i;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, units) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *mangled = NULL, *instance = NULL;
+                        const char *name;
+
+                        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT) && i != units) {
+                                putc('\n', stdout);
+                                fflush(stdout);
+                        }
+
+                        r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(*i, 0, ".service", &mangled);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name '%s': %m", *i);
+
+                        if (!endswith(mangled, ".service")) {
+                                log_error("Unit %s is not a service unit, refusing.", *i);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        if (unit_name_is_valid(mangled, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                                r = unit_name_replace_instance(mangled, "test-instance", &instance);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                name = instance;
+                        } else
+                                name = mangled;
+
+                        r = analyze_security_one(bus, name, overview_table, flags);
+                        if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (overview_table) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT)) {
+                        putc('\n', stdout);
+                        fflush(stdout);
+                }
+
+                r = table_print(overview_table, stdout);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to output table: %m");
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze-security.h b/src/analyze/analyze-security.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c00ae7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze-security.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+typedef enum AnalyzeSecurityFlags {
+        ANALYZE_SECURITY_SHORT             = 1 << 0,
+        ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LOADED       = 1 << 1,
+        ANALYZE_SECURITY_ONLY_LONG_RUNNING = 1 << 2,
+} AnalyzeSecurityFlags;
+
+int analyze_security(sd_bus *bus, char **units, AnalyzeSecurityFlags flags);
diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze-verify.c b/src/analyze/analyze-verify.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d8a1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze-verify.c
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "all-units.h"
+#include "analyze-verify.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "manager.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+static int prepare_filename(const char *filename, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+        const char *name;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *abspath = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dir = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *with_instance = NULL;
+        char *c;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = path_make_absolute_cwd(filename, &abspath);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        name = basename(abspath);
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                r = unit_name_replace_instance(name, "i", &with_instance);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        dir = dirname_malloc(abspath);
+        if (!dir)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        c = path_join(dir, with_instance ?: name);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int generate_path(char **var, char **filenames) {
+        const char *old;
+        char **filename;
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **ans = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(filename, filenames) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = dirname_malloc(*filename);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = strv_consume(&ans, t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(strv_uniq(ans));
+
+        /* First, prepend our directories. Second, if some path was specified, use that, and
+         * otherwise use the defaults. Any duplicates will be filtered out in path-lookup.c.
+         * Treat explicit empty path to mean that nothing should be appended.
+         */
+        old = getenv("SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH");
+        if (!streq_ptr(old, "")) {
+                if (!old)
+                        old = ":";
+
+                r = strv_extend(&ans, old);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *var = strv_join(ans, ":");
+        if (!*var)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_socket(Unit *u) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (u->type != UNIT_SOCKET)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Cannot run this without the service being around */
+
+        /* This makes sure instance is created if necessary. */
+        r = socket_instantiate_service(SOCKET(u));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_unit_error_errno(u, r, "Socket cannot be started, failed to create instance: %m");
+
+        /* This checks both type of sockets */
+        if (UNIT_ISSET(SOCKET(u)->service)) {
+                Service *service;
+
+                service = SERVICE(UNIT_DEREF(SOCKET(u)->service));
+                log_unit_debug(u, "Using %s", UNIT(service)->id);
+
+                if (UNIT(service)->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
+                        log_unit_error(u, "Service %s not loaded, %s cannot be started.", UNIT(service)->id, u->id);
+                        return -ENOENT;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_executable(Unit *u, ExecCommand *exec) {
+        if (!exec)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (access(exec->path, X_OK) < 0)
+                return log_unit_error_errno(u, errno, "Command %s is not executable: %m", exec->path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_executables(Unit *u) {
+        ExecCommand *exec;
+        int r = 0, k;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        exec =  u->type == UNIT_SOCKET ? SOCKET(u)->control_command :
+                u->type == UNIT_MOUNT ? MOUNT(u)->control_command :
+                u->type == UNIT_SWAP ? SWAP(u)->control_command : NULL;
+        k = verify_executable(u, exec);
+        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = k;
+
+        if (u->type == UNIT_SERVICE)
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(SERVICE(u)->exec_command); i++) {
+                        k = verify_executable(u, SERVICE(u)->exec_command[i]);
+                        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                                r = k;
+                }
+
+        if (u->type == UNIT_SOCKET)
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(SOCKET(u)->exec_command); i++) {
+                        k = verify_executable(u, SOCKET(u)->exec_command[i]);
+                        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                                r = k;
+                }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verify_documentation(Unit *u, bool check_man) {
+        char **p;
+        int r = 0, k;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, u->documentation) {
+                log_unit_debug(u, "Found documentation item: %s", *p);
+
+                if (check_man && startswith(*p, "man:")) {
+                        k = show_man_page(*p + 4, true);
+                        if (k != 0) {
+                                if (k < 0)
+                                        log_unit_error_errno(u, k, "Can't show %s: %m", *p + 4);
+                                else {
+                                        log_unit_error(u, "Command 'man %s' failed with code %d", *p + 4, k);
+                                        k = -ENOEXEC;
+                                }
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        r = k;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Check remote URLs? */
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int verify_unit(Unit *u, bool check_man) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error err = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        int r, k;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (DEBUG_LOGGING)
+                unit_dump(u, stdout, "\t");
+
+        log_unit_debug(u, "Creating %s/start job", u->id);
+        r = manager_add_job(u->manager, JOB_START, u, JOB_REPLACE, &err, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_unit_error_errno(u, r, "Failed to create %s/start: %s", u->id, bus_error_message(&err, r));
+
+        k = verify_socket(u);
+        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = k;
+
+        k = verify_executables(u);
+        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = k;
+
+        k = verify_documentation(u, check_man);
+        if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                r = k;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int verify_units(char **filenames, UnitFileScope scope, bool check_man, bool run_generators) {
+        const ManagerTestRunFlags flags =
+                MANAGER_TEST_RUN_BASIC |
+                MANAGER_TEST_RUN_ENV_GENERATORS |
+                run_generators * MANAGER_TEST_RUN_GENERATORS;
+
+        _cleanup_(manager_freep) Manager *m = NULL;
+        Unit *units[strv_length(filenames)];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *var = NULL;
+        int r = 0, k, i, count = 0;
+        char **filename;
+
+        if (strv_isempty(filenames))
+                return 0;
+
+        /* set the path */
+        r = generate_path(&var, filenames);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate unit load path: %m");
+
+        assert_se(set_unit_path(var) >= 0);
+
+        r = manager_new(scope, flags, &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to initialize manager: %m");
+
+        log_debug("Starting manager...");
+
+        r = manager_startup(m, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        manager_clear_jobs(m);
+
+        log_debug("Loading remaining units from the command line...");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(filename, filenames) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *prepared = NULL;
+
+                log_debug("Handling %s...", *filename);
+
+                k = prepare_filename(*filename, &prepared);
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(k, "Failed to prepare filename %s: %m", *filename);
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                r = k;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                k = manager_load_startable_unit_or_warn(m, NULL, prepared, &units[count]);
+                if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                        r = k;
+                else
+                        count++;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                k = verify_unit(units[i], check_man);
+                if (k < 0 && r == 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze-verify.h b/src/analyze/analyze-verify.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6b7f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze-verify.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+
+int verify_units(
+                char **filenames,
+                UnitFileScope scope,
+                bool check_man,
+                bool run_generators);
diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze.c b/src/analyze/analyze.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3915b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2053 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
+/***
+  Copyright © 2013 Simon Peeters
+***/
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "analyze-security.h"
+#include "analyze-verify.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "calendarspec.h"
+#include "conf-files.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "main-func.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "pretty-print.h"
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+#  include "seccomp-util.h"
+#endif
+#include "special.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "verbs.h"
+
+#define SCALE_X (0.1 / 1000.0)   /* pixels per us */
+#define SCALE_Y (20.0)
+
+#define svg(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define svg_bar(class, x1, x2, y)                                       \
+        svg("  <rect class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n", \
+            (class),                                                    \
+            SCALE_X * (x1), SCALE_Y * (y),                              \
+            SCALE_X * ((x2) - (x1)), SCALE_Y - 1.0)
+
+#define svg_text(b, x, y, format, ...)                                  \
+        do {                                                            \
+                svg("  <text class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\">", (b) ? "left" : "right", SCALE_X * (x) + (b ? 5.0 : -5.0), SCALE_Y * (y) + 14.0); \
+                svg(format, ## __VA_ARGS__);                            \
+                svg("</text>\n");                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+static enum dot {
+        DEP_ALL,
+        DEP_ORDER,
+        DEP_REQUIRE
+} arg_dot = DEP_ALL;
+static char** arg_dot_from_patterns = NULL;
+static char** arg_dot_to_patterns = NULL;
+static usec_t arg_fuzz = 0;
+static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags = 0;
+static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
+static const char *arg_host = NULL;
+static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+static bool arg_man = true;
+static bool arg_generators = false;
+static const char *arg_root = NULL;
+
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_dot_from_patterns, strv_freep);
+STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_dot_to_patterns, strv_freep);
+
+struct boot_times {
+        usec_t firmware_time;
+        usec_t loader_time;
+        usec_t kernel_time;
+        usec_t kernel_done_time;
+        usec_t initrd_time;
+        usec_t userspace_time;
+        usec_t finish_time;
+        usec_t security_start_time;
+        usec_t security_finish_time;
+        usec_t generators_start_time;
+        usec_t generators_finish_time;
+        usec_t unitsload_start_time;
+        usec_t unitsload_finish_time;
+        usec_t initrd_security_start_time;
+        usec_t initrd_security_finish_time;
+        usec_t initrd_generators_start_time;
+        usec_t initrd_generators_finish_time;
+        usec_t initrd_unitsload_start_time;
+        usec_t initrd_unitsload_finish_time;
+
+        /*
+         * If we're analyzing the user instance, all timestamps will be offset
+         * by its own start-up timestamp, which may be arbitrarily big.
+         * With "plot", this causes arbitrarily wide output SVG files which almost
+         * completely consist of empty space. Thus we cancel out this offset.
+         *
+         * This offset is subtracted from times above by acquire_boot_times(),
+         * but it still needs to be subtracted from unit-specific timestamps
+         * (so it is stored here for reference).
+         */
+        usec_t reverse_offset;
+};
+
+struct unit_times {
+        bool has_data;
+        char *name;
+        usec_t activating;
+        usec_t activated;
+        usec_t deactivated;
+        usec_t deactivating;
+        usec_t time;
+};
+
+struct host_info {
+        char *hostname;
+        char *kernel_name;
+        char *kernel_release;
+        char *kernel_version;
+        char *os_pretty_name;
+        char *virtualization;
+        char *architecture;
+};
+
+static int acquire_bus(sd_bus **bus, bool *use_full_bus) {
+        bool user = arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+        int r;
+
+        if (use_full_bus && *use_full_bus) {
+                r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
+                if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EHOSTDOWN))
+                        return r;
+
+                *use_full_bus = false;
+        }
+
+        return bus_connect_transport_systemd(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
+}
+
+static int bus_get_uint64_property(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *property, uint64_t *val) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(property);
+        assert(val);
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        interface,
+                        property,
+                        &error,
+                        't', val);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_get_unit_property_strv(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *property, char ***strv) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(property);
+        assert(strv);
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        property,
+                        &error,
+                        strv);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit property %s: %s", property, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int compare_unit_time(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
+        return CMP(b->time, a->time);
+}
+
+static int compare_unit_start(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
+        return CMP(a->activating, b->activating);
+}
+
+static void unit_times_free(struct unit_times *t) {
+        struct unit_times *p;
+
+        for (p = t; p->has_data; p++)
+                free(p->name);
+        free(t);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct unit_times *, unit_times_free);
+
+static void subtract_timestamp(usec_t *a, usec_t b) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        if (*a > 0) {
+                assert(*a >= b);
+                *a -= b;
+        }
+}
+
+static int acquire_boot_times(sd_bus *bus, struct boot_times **bt) {
+        static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
+                { "FirmwareTimestampMonotonic",               "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, firmware_time)                 },
+                { "LoaderTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, loader_time)                   },
+                { "KernelTimestamp",                          "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, kernel_time)                   },
+                { "InitRDTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_time)                   },
+                { "UserspaceTimestampMonotonic",              "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, userspace_time)                },
+                { "FinishTimestampMonotonic",                 "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, finish_time)                   },
+                { "SecurityStartTimestampMonotonic",          "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_start_time)           },
+                { "SecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic",         "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_finish_time)          },
+                { "GeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic",        "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_start_time)         },
+                { "GeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic",       "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_finish_time)        },
+                { "UnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic",         "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_start_time)          },
+                { "UnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic",        "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_finish_time)         },
+                { "InitRDSecurityStartTimestampMonotonic",    "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_start_time)    },
+                { "InitRDSecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_finish_time)   },
+                { "InitRDGeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_start_time)  },
+                { "InitRDGeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_finish_time) },
+                { "InitRDUnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_start_time)   },
+                { "InitRDUnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_finish_time)  },
+                {},
+        };
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        static struct boot_times times;
+        static bool cached = false;
+        int r;
+
+        if (cached)
+                goto finish;
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        property_map,
+                        BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        &times);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        if (times.finish_time <= 0) {
+                log_error("Bootup is not yet finished (org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.FinishTimestampMonotonic=%"PRIu64").\n"
+                          "Please try again later.\n"
+                          "Hint: Use 'systemctl%s list-jobs' to see active jobs",
+                          times.finish_time,
+                          arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
+                return -EINPROGRESS;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM && times.security_start_time > 0) {
+                /* security_start_time is set when systemd is not running under container environment. */
+                if (times.initrd_time > 0)
+                        times.kernel_done_time = times.initrd_time;
+                else
+                        times.kernel_done_time = times.userspace_time;
+        } else {
+                /*
+                 * User-instance-specific or container-system-specific timestamps processing
+                 * (see comment to reverse_offset in struct boot_times).
+                 */
+                times.reverse_offset = times.userspace_time;
+
+                times.firmware_time = times.loader_time = times.kernel_time = times.initrd_time = times.userspace_time =
+                        times.security_start_time = times.security_finish_time = 0;
+
+                subtract_timestamp(&times.finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
+
+                subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
+                subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
+
+                subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
+                subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
+        }
+
+        cached = true;
+
+finish:
+        *bt = &times;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_host_info(struct host_info *hi) {
+
+        if (!hi)
+                return;
+
+        free(hi->hostname);
+        free(hi->kernel_name);
+        free(hi->kernel_release);
+        free(hi->kernel_version);
+        free(hi->os_pretty_name);
+        free(hi->virtualization);
+        free(hi->architecture);
+        free(hi);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct host_info*, free_host_info);
+
+static int acquire_time_data(sd_bus *bus, struct unit_times **out) {
+        static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
+                { "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic",  "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activating)   },
+                { "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic",   "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activated)    },
+                { "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic",    "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivating) },
+                { "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivated)  },
+                {},
+        };
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *unit_times = NULL;
+        struct boot_times *boot_times = NULL;
+        size_t allocated = 0, c = 0;
+        UnitInfo u;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot_times);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        &error, &reply,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
+                struct unit_times *t;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(unit_times, allocated, c+2))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                unit_times[c+1].has_data = false;
+                t = &unit_times[c];
+                t->name = NULL;
+
+                assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+                r = bus_map_all_properties(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                u.unit_path,
+                                property_map,
+                                BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties of unit %s: %s", u.id, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                subtract_timestamp(&t->activating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
+                subtract_timestamp(&t->activated, boot_times->reverse_offset);
+                subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
+                subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivated, boot_times->reverse_offset);
+
+                if (t->activated >= t->activating)
+                        t->time = t->activated - t->activating;
+                else if (t->deactivated >= t->activating)
+                        t->time = t->deactivated - t->activating;
+                else
+                        t->time = 0;
+
+                if (t->activating == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                t->name = strdup(u.id);
+                if (!t->name)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                t->has_data = true;
+                c++;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        *out = TAKE_PTR(unit_times);
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int acquire_host_info(sd_bus *bus, struct host_info **hi) {
+        static const struct bus_properties_map hostname_map[] = {
+                { "Hostname",                  "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, hostname)       },
+                { "KernelName",                "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_name)    },
+                { "KernelRelease",             "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_release) },
+                { "KernelVersion",             "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_version) },
+                { "OperatingSystemPrettyName", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, os_pretty_name) },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        static const struct bus_properties_map manager_map[] = {
+                { "Virtualization",            "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, virtualization) },
+                { "Architecture",              "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, architecture)   },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *system_bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host;
+        int r;
+
+        host = new0(struct host_info, 1);
+        if (!host)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
+                r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, false, &system_bus);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to connect to system bus, ignoring: %m");
+                        goto manager;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(system_bus ?: bus,
+                                   "org.freedesktop.hostname1",
+                                   "/org/freedesktop/hostname1",
+                                   hostname_map,
+                                   BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
+                                   &error,
+                                   NULL,
+                                   host);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd-hostnamed, ignoring: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+        }
+
+manager:
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(bus,
+                                   "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                   "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                   manager_map,
+                                   BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
+                                   &error,
+                                   NULL,
+                                   host);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        *hi = TAKE_PTR(host);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int pretty_boot_time(sd_bus *bus, char **_buf) {
+        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        struct boot_times *t;
+        static char buf[4096];
+        size_t size;
+        char *ptr;
+        int r;
+        usec_t activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
+        _cleanup_free_ char* path = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+
+        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "Id",
+                        &error,
+                        &unit_id);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "default.target doesn't seem to exist: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                unit_id = NULL;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_get_uint64_property(bus, path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic",
+                        &activated_time);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_info_errno(r, "Could not get time to reach default.target, ignoring: %m");
+                activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
+        }
+
+        ptr = buf;
+        size = sizeof(buf);
+
+        size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "Startup finished in ");
+        if (t->firmware_time > 0)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (firmware) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time - t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        if (t->loader_time > 0)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (loader) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (kernel) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->kernel_done_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        if (t->initrd_time > 0)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (initrd) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->userspace_time - t->initrd_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+
+        size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (userspace) ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->finish_time - t->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
+                strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "= %s ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time + t->finish_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+
+        if (unit_id && activated_time > 0 && activated_time != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                usec_t base = t->userspace_time > 0 ? t->userspace_time : t->reverse_offset;
+
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s reached after %s in userspace", unit_id,
+                                format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), activated_time - base, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        } else if (unit_id && activated_time == 0)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s was never reached", unit_id);
+        else if (unit_id && activated_time == USEC_INFINITY)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\nCould not get time to reach %s.", unit_id);
+        else if (!unit_id)
+                size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\ncould not find default.target");
+
+        ptr = strdup(buf);
+        if (!ptr)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *_buf = ptr;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void svg_graph_box(double height, double begin, double end) {
+        long long i;
+
+        /* outside box, fill */
+        svg("<rect class=\"box\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n",
+            SCALE_X * (end - begin), SCALE_Y * height);
+
+        for (i = ((long long) (begin / 100000)) * 100000; i <= end; i+=100000) {
+                /* lines for each second */
+                if (i % 5000000 == 0)
+                        svg("  <line class=\"sec5\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
+                            "  <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
+                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
+                else if (i % 1000000 == 0)
+                        svg("  <line class=\"sec1\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
+                            "  <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
+                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
+                else
+                        svg("  <line class=\"sec01\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n",
+                            SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height);
+        }
+}
+
+static int plot_unit_times(struct unit_times *u, double width, int y) {
+        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        bool b;
+
+        if (!u->name)
+                return 0;
+
+        svg_bar("activating",   u->activating, u->activated, y);
+        svg_bar("active",       u->activated, u->deactivating, y);
+        svg_bar("deactivating", u->deactivating, u->deactivated, y);
+
+        /* place the text on the left if we have passed the half of the svg width */
+        b = u->activating * SCALE_X < width / 2;
+        if (u->time)
+                svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s (%s)",
+                         u->name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        else
+                svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s", u->name);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int analyze_plot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_times = NULL;
+        bool use_full_bus = arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+        struct boot_times *boot;
+        struct unit_times *u;
+        int n, m = 1, y = 0, r;
+        double width;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, &use_full_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        n = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        n = pretty_boot_time(bus, &pretty_times);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        if (use_full_bus || arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
+                n = acquire_host_info(bus, &host);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return n;
+        }
+
+        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return n;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_start);
+
+        width = SCALE_X * (boot->firmware_time + boot->finish_time);
+        if (width < 800.0)
+                width = 800.0;
+
+        if (boot->firmware_time > boot->loader_time)
+                m++;
+        if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
+                m++;
+                if (width < 1000.0)
+                        width = 1000.0;
+        }
+        if (boot->initrd_time > 0)
+                m++;
+        if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0)
+                m++;
+
+        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
+                double text_start, text_width;
+
+                if (u->activating > boot->finish_time) {
+                        u->name = mfree(u->name);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* If the text cannot fit on the left side then
+                 * increase the svg width so it fits on the right.
+                 * TODO: calculate the text width more accurately */
+                text_width = 8.0 * strlen(u->name);
+                text_start = (boot->firmware_time + u->activating) * SCALE_X;
+                if (text_width > text_start && text_width + text_start > width)
+                        width = text_width + text_start;
+
+                if (u->deactivated > u->activating &&
+                    u->deactivated <= boot->finish_time &&
+                    u->activated == 0 && u->deactivating == 0)
+                        u->activated = u->deactivating = u->deactivated;
+                if (u->activated < u->activating || u->activated > boot->finish_time)
+                        u->activated = boot->finish_time;
+                if (u->deactivating < u->activated || u->deactivating > boot->finish_time)
+                        u->deactivating = boot->finish_time;
+                if (u->deactivated < u->deactivating || u->deactivated > boot->finish_time)
+                        u->deactivated = boot->finish_time;
+                m++;
+        }
+
+        svg("<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n"
+            "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" "
+            "\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n");
+
+        svg("<svg width=\"%.0fpx\" height=\"%.0fpx\" version=\"1.1\" "
+            "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n\n",
+                        80.0 + width, 150.0 + (m * SCALE_Y) +
+                        5 * SCALE_Y /* legend */);
+
+        /* write some basic info as a comment, including some help */
+        svg("<!-- This file is a systemd-analyze SVG file. It is best rendered in a   -->\n"
+            "<!-- browser such as Chrome, Chromium or Firefox. Other applications     -->\n"
+            "<!-- that render these files properly but much slower are ImageMagick,   -->\n"
+            "<!-- gimp, inkscape, etc. To display the files on your system, just      -->\n"
+            "<!-- point your browser to this file.                                    -->\n\n"
+            "<!-- This plot was generated by systemd-analyze version %-16.16s -->\n\n", GIT_VERSION);
+
+        /* style sheet */
+        svg("<defs>\n  <style type=\"text/css\">\n    <![CDATA[\n"
+            "      rect       { stroke-width: 1; stroke-opacity: 0; }\n"
+            "      rect.background   { fill: rgb(255,255,255); }\n"
+            "      rect.activating   { fill: rgb(255,0,0); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.active       { fill: rgb(200,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.deactivating { fill: rgb(150,100,100); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.kernel       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.initrd       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.firmware     { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.loader       { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.userspace    { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.security     { fill: rgb(144,238,144); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.generators   { fill: rgb(102,204,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.unitsload    { fill: rgb( 82,184,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
+            "      rect.box   { fill: rgb(240,240,240); stroke: rgb(192,192,192); }\n"
+            "      line       { stroke: rgb(64,64,64); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
+            "//    line.sec1  { }\n"
+            "      line.sec5  { stroke-width: 2; }\n"
+            "      line.sec01 { stroke: rgb(224,224,224); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
+            "      text       { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; }\n"
+            "      text.left  { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: start; }\n"
+            "      text.right { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: end; }\n"
+            "      text.sec   { font-size: 10px; }\n"
+            "    ]]>\n   </style>\n</defs>\n\n");
+
+        svg("<rect class=\"background\" width=\"100%%\" height=\"100%%\" />\n");
+        svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"50\">%s</text>", pretty_times);
+        if (host)
+                svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"30\">%s %s (%s %s %s) %s %s</text>",
+                    isempty(host->os_pretty_name) ? "Linux" : host->os_pretty_name,
+                    strempty(host->hostname),
+                    strempty(host->kernel_name),
+                    strempty(host->kernel_release),
+                    strempty(host->kernel_version),
+                    strempty(host->architecture),
+                    strempty(host->virtualization));
+
+        svg("<g transform=\"translate(%.3f,100)\">\n", 20.0 + (SCALE_X * boot->firmware_time));
+        svg_graph_box(m, -(double) boot->firmware_time, boot->finish_time);
+
+        if (boot->firmware_time > 0) {
+                svg_bar("firmware", -(double) boot->firmware_time, -(double) boot->loader_time, y);
+                svg_text(true, -(double) boot->firmware_time, y, "firmware");
+                y++;
+        }
+        if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
+                svg_bar("loader", -(double) boot->loader_time, 0, y);
+                svg_text(true, -(double) boot->loader_time, y, "loader");
+                y++;
+        }
+        if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0) {
+                svg_bar("kernel", 0, boot->kernel_done_time, y);
+                svg_text(true, 0, y, "kernel");
+                y++;
+        }
+        if (boot->initrd_time > 0) {
+                svg_bar("initrd", boot->initrd_time, boot->userspace_time, y);
+                if (boot->initrd_security_start_time < boot->initrd_security_finish_time)
+                        svg_bar("security", boot->initrd_security_start_time, boot->initrd_security_finish_time, y);
+                if (boot->initrd_generators_start_time < boot->initrd_generators_finish_time)
+                        svg_bar("generators", boot->initrd_generators_start_time, boot->initrd_generators_finish_time, y);
+                if (boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time < boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time)
+                        svg_bar("unitsload", boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time, boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time, y);
+                svg_text(true, boot->initrd_time, y, "initrd");
+                y++;
+        }
+
+        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
+                if (u->activating >= boot->userspace_time)
+                        break;
+
+                y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);
+        }
+
+        svg_bar("active", boot->userspace_time, boot->finish_time, y);
+        if (boot->security_start_time > 0)
+                svg_bar("security", boot->security_start_time, boot->security_finish_time, y);
+        svg_bar("generators", boot->generators_start_time, boot->generators_finish_time, y);
+        svg_bar("unitsload", boot->unitsload_start_time, boot->unitsload_finish_time, y);
+        svg_text(true, boot->userspace_time, y, "systemd");
+        y++;
+
+        for (; u->has_data; u++)
+                y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);
+
+        svg("</g>\n");
+
+        /* Legend */
+        svg("<g transform=\"translate(20,100)\">\n");
+        y++;
+        svg_bar("activating", 0, 300000, y);
+        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Activating");
+        y++;
+        svg_bar("active", 0, 300000, y);
+        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Active");
+        y++;
+        svg_bar("deactivating", 0, 300000, y);
+        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Deactivating");
+        y++;
+        if (boot->security_start_time > 0) {
+                svg_bar("security", 0, 300000, y);
+                svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Setting up security module");
+                y++;
+        }
+        svg_bar("generators", 0, 300000, y);
+        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Generators");
+        y++;
+        svg_bar("unitsload", 0, 300000, y);
+        svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Loading unit files");
+        y++;
+
+        svg("</g>\n\n");
+
+        svg("</svg>\n");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_print(const char *name, unsigned level, unsigned branches,
+                                   bool last, struct unit_times *times, struct boot_times *boot) {
+        unsigned i;
+        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], ts2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+
+        for (i = level; i != 0; i--)
+                printf("%s", special_glyph(branches & (1 << (i-1)) ? SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_VERTICAL : SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_SPACE));
+
+        printf("%s", special_glyph(last ? SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT : SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH));
+
+        if (times) {
+                if (times->time > 0)
+                        printf("%s%s @%s +%s%s", ansi_highlight_red(), name,
+                               format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activating - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC),
+                               format_timespan(ts2, sizeof(ts2), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
+                else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
+                        printf("%s @%s", name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+                else
+                        printf("%s", name);
+        } else
+                printf("%s", name);
+        printf("\n");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char ***deps) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(deps);
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+        if (!path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, path, "After", deps);
+}
+
+static Hashmap *unit_times_hashmap;
+
+static int list_dependencies_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        usec_t usa = 0, usb = 0;
+        struct unit_times *times;
+
+        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *a);
+        if (times)
+                usa = times->activated;
+        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *b);
+        if (times)
+                usb = times->activated;
+
+        return CMP(usb, usa);
+}
+
+static bool times_in_range(const struct unit_times *times, const struct boot_times *boot) {
+        return times &&
+                times->activated > 0 && times->activated <= boot->finish_time;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, unsigned level, char ***units,
+                                 unsigned branches) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **deps = NULL;
+        char **c;
+        int r = 0;
+        usec_t service_longest = 0;
+        int to_print = 0;
+        struct unit_times *times;
+        struct boot_times *boot;
+
+        if (strv_extend(units, name))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = list_dependencies_get_dependencies(bus, name, &deps);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(deps, strv_length(deps), list_dependencies_compare);
+
+        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
+                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
+                if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
+                    times->activated >= service_longest)
+                        service_longest = times->activated;
+        }
+
+        if (service_longest == 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
+                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
+                if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
+                    service_longest - times->activated <= arg_fuzz)
+                        to_print++;
+        }
+
+        if (!to_print)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
+                times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
+                if (!times_in_range(times, boot) ||
+                    service_longest - times->activated > arg_fuzz)
+                        continue;
+
+                to_print--;
+
+                r = list_dependencies_print(*c, level, branches, to_print == 0, times, boot);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (strv_contains(*units, *c)) {
+                        r = list_dependencies_print("...", level + 1, (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0),
+                                                    true, NULL, boot);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = list_dependencies_one(bus, *c, level + 1, units,
+                                          (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (to_print == 0)
+                        break;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
+        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        struct unit_times *times;
+        int r;
+        const char *id;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        struct boot_times *boot;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+        if (!path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "Id",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, id);
+
+        r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (times) {
+                if (times->time)
+                        printf("%s%s +%s%s\n", ansi_highlight_red(), id,
+                               format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
+                else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
+                        printf("%s @%s\n", id, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+                else
+                        printf("%s\n", id);
+        }
+
+        return list_dependencies_one(bus, name, 0, &units, 0);
+}
+
+static int analyze_critical_chain(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
+        struct unit_times *u;
+        Hashmap *h;
+        int n, r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return n;
+
+        h = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!h)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
+                r = hashmap_put(h, u->name, u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap: %m");
+        }
+        unit_times_hashmap = h;
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        puts("The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the \"@\" character.\n"
+             "The time the unit takes to start is printed after the \"+\" character.\n");
+
+        if (argc > 1) {
+                char **name;
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1))
+                        list_dependencies(bus, *name);
+        } else
+                list_dependencies(bus, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
+
+        h = hashmap_free(h);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int analyze_blame(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
+        struct unit_times *u;
+        int n, r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return n;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_time);
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
+                char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+
+                if (u->time > 0)
+                        printf("%16s %s\n", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), u->name);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int analyze_time(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = pretty_boot_time(bus, &buf);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        puts(buf);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int graph_one_property(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, const char* prop, const char *color, char* patterns[], char* from_patterns[], char* to_patterns[]) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
+        char **unit;
+        int r;
+        bool match_patterns;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(prop);
+        assert(color);
+
+        match_patterns = strv_fnmatch(patterns, u->id, 0);
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(from_patterns) &&
+            !match_patterns &&
+            !strv_fnmatch(from_patterns, u->id, 0))
+                        return 0;
+
+        r = bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, u->unit_path, prop, &units);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(unit, units) {
+                bool match_patterns2;
+
+                match_patterns2 = strv_fnmatch(patterns, *unit, 0);
+
+                if (!strv_isempty(to_patterns) &&
+                    !match_patterns2 &&
+                    !strv_fnmatch(to_patterns, *unit, 0))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!strv_isempty(patterns) && !match_patterns && !match_patterns2)
+                        continue;
+
+                printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" [color=\"%s\"];\n", u->id, *unit, color);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int graph_one(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, char *patterns[], char *from_patterns[], char *to_patterns[]) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_ORDER, DEP_ALL)) {
+                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "After", "green", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_REQUIRE, DEP_ALL)) {
+                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requires", "black", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requisite", "darkblue", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Wants", "grey66", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Conflicts", "red", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int expand_patterns(sd_bus *bus, char **patterns, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
+        char **pattern;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;
+
+                if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, *pattern) < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (string_is_glob(*pattern))
+                        continue;
+
+                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(*pattern);
+                if (!unit)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                unit,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "Id",
+                                &error,
+                                &unit_id);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                if (!streq(*pattern, unit_id)) {
+                        if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, unit_id) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = expanded_patterns;
+        expanded_patterns = NULL; /* do not free */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_from_patterns = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_to_patterns = NULL;
+        int r;
+        UnitInfo u;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = expand_patterns(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &expanded_patterns);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_from_patterns, &expanded_from_patterns);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_to_patterns, &expanded_to_patterns);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                       "ListUnits",
+                       &error,
+                       &reply,
+                       "");
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        printf("digraph systemd {\n");
+
+        while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
+
+                r = graph_one(bus, &u, expanded_patterns, expanded_from_patterns, expanded_to_patterns);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        printf("}\n");
+
+        log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
+                 "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
+                 "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
+                 "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
+                 "                 green     = After\n");
+
+        if (on_tty())
+                log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
+                           "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dump_fallback(sd_bus *bus) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *text = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Dump",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call Dump: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &text);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        fputs(text, stdout);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dump(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        if (!sd_bus_can_send(bus, SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD))
+                return dump_fallback(bus);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "DumpByFileDescriptor",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* fall back to Dump if DumpByFileDescriptor is not supported */
+                if (!IN_SET(r, -EACCES, -EBADR))
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call DumpByFileDescriptor: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                return dump_fallback(bus);
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "h", &fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+        return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
+}
+
+static int cat_config(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        char **arg, **list;
+        int r;
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        list = strv_skip(argv, 1);
+        STRV_FOREACH(arg, list) {
+                const char *t = NULL;
+
+                if (arg != list)
+                        print_separator();
+
+                if (path_is_absolute(*arg)) {
+                        const char *dir;
+
+                        NULSTR_FOREACH(dir, CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("")) {
+                                t = path_startswith(*arg, dir);
+                                if (t)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!t)
+                                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                       "Path %s does not start with any known prefix.",
+                                                       *arg);
+                } else
+                        t = *arg;
+
+                r = conf_files_cat(arg_root, t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(argc == 2);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_set_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "LogLevel",
+                        &error,
+                        "s",
+                        argv[1]);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *level = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "LogLevel",
+                        &error,
+                        &level);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log level: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        puts(level);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_or_set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return (argc == 1) ? get_log_level(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_level(argc, argv, userdata);
+}
+
+static int set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(argc == 2);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_set_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "LogTarget",
+                        &error,
+                        "s",
+                        argv[1]);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "LogTarget",
+                        &error,
+                        &target);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        puts(target);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_or_set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return (argc == 1) ? get_log_target(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_target(argc, argv, userdata);
+}
+
+static int dump_unit_paths(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
+        int r;
+        char **p;
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_scope, 0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "lookup_paths_init() failed: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, paths.search_path)
+                puts(*p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+
+static int load_kernel_syscalls(Set **ret) {
+        _cleanup_(set_free_freep) Set *syscalls = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Let's read the available system calls from the list of available tracing events. Slightly dirty, but good
+         * enough for analysis purposes. */
+
+        f = fopen("/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/available_events", "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno, EPERM, EACCES, ENOENT) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, errno, "Can't read open /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/available_events: %m");
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                const char *e;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read system call list: %m");
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                e = startswith(line, "syscalls:sys_enter_");
+                if (!e)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* These are named differently inside the kernel than their external name for historical reasons. Let's hide them here. */
+                if (STR_IN_SET(e, "newuname", "newfstat", "newstat", "newlstat", "sysctl"))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = set_ensure_allocated(&syscalls, &string_hash_ops);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = set_put_strdup(syscalls, e);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add system call to list: %m");
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(syscalls);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void kernel_syscalls_remove(Set *s, const SyscallFilterSet *set) {
+        const char *syscall;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, set->value) {
+                if (syscall[0] == '@')
+                        continue;
+
+                (void) set_remove(s, syscall);
+        }
+}
+
+static void dump_syscall_filter(const SyscallFilterSet *set) {
+        const char *syscall;
+
+        printf("%s%s%s\n"
+               "    # %s\n",
+               ansi_highlight(),
+               set->name,
+               ansi_normal(),
+               set->help);
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, set->value)
+                printf("    %s%s%s\n",
+                       syscall[0] == '@' ? ansi_underline() : "",
+                       syscall,
+                       ansi_normal());
+}
+
+static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        bool first = true;
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(strv_skip(argv, 1))) {
+                _cleanup_(set_free_freep) Set *kernel = NULL;
+                int i, k;
+
+                k = load_kernel_syscalls(&kernel);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < _SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MAX; i++) {
+                        const SyscallFilterSet *set = syscall_filter_sets + i;
+                        if (!first)
+                                puts("");
+
+                        dump_syscall_filter(set);
+                        kernel_syscalls_remove(kernel, set);
+                        first = false;
+                }
+
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+                        fflush(stdout);
+                        log_notice_errno(k, "# Not showing unlisted system calls, couldn't retrieve kernel system call list: %m");
+                } else if (!set_isempty(kernel)) {
+                        const char *syscall;
+                        Iterator j;
+
+                        printf("\n"
+                               "# %sUnlisted System Calls%s (supported by the local kernel, but not included in any of the groups listed above):\n",
+                               ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal());
+
+                        SET_FOREACH(syscall, kernel, j)
+                                printf("#   %s\n", syscall);
+                }
+        } else {
+                char **name;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                        const SyscallFilterSet *set;
+
+                        if (!first)
+                                puts("");
+
+                        set = syscall_filter_set_find(*name);
+                        if (!set) {
+                                /* make sure the error appears below normal output */
+                                fflush(stdout);
+
+                                log_error("Filter set \"%s\" not found.", *name);
+                                return -ENOENT;
+                        }
+
+                        dump_syscall_filter(set);
+                        first = false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#else
+static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP),
+                               "Not compiled with syscall filters, sorry.");
+}
+#endif
+
+static int dump_timespan(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        char **input_timespan;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(input_timespan, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                int r;
+                usec_t usec_magnitude = 1, output_usecs;
+                char ft_buf[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+
+                r = parse_time(*input_timespan, &output_usecs, USEC_PER_SEC);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse time span '%s': %m", *input_timespan);
+
+                printf("Original: %s\n", *input_timespan);
+                printf("      %ss: %" PRIu64 "\n", special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_MU), output_usecs);
+                printf("   Human: %s\n", format_timespan(ft_buf, sizeof(ft_buf), output_usecs, usec_magnitude));
+
+                if (input_timespan[1])
+                        putchar('\n');
+        }
+
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int test_calendar(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        int ret = 0, r;
+        char **p;
+        usec_t n;
+
+        n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                _cleanup_(calendar_spec_freep) CalendarSpec *spec = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+                usec_t next;
+
+                r = calendar_spec_from_string(*p, &spec);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = calendar_spec_normalize(spec);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to normalize calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = calendar_spec_to_string(spec, &t);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to format calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!streq(t, *p))
+                        printf("  Original form: %s\n", *p);
+
+                printf("Normalized form: %s\n", t);
+
+                r = calendar_spec_next_usec(spec, n, &next);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        printf("    Next elapse: never\n");
+                else if (r < 0) {
+                        ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine next elapse for '%s': %m", *p);
+                        continue;
+                } else {
+                        char buffer[CONST_MAX(FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX)];
+
+                        printf("    Next elapse: %s\n", format_timestamp(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
+
+                        if (!in_utc_timezone())
+                                printf("       (in UTC): %s\n", format_timestamp_utc(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
+
+                        printf("       From now: %s\n", format_timestamp_relative(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
+                }
+
+                if (*(p+1))
+                        putchar('\n');
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int service_watchdogs(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int b, r;
+
+        assert(IN_SET(argc, 1, 2));
+        assert(argv);
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        /* get ServiceWatchdogs */
+        if (argc == 1) {
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ServiceWatchdogs",
+                                &error,
+                                'b',
+                                &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                printf("%s\n", yes_no(!!b));
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* set ServiceWatchdogs */
+        b = parse_boolean(argv[1]);
+        if (b < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse service-watchdogs argument.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_set_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ServiceWatchdogs",
+                        &error,
+                        "b",
+                        b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_verify(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return verify_units(strv_skip(argv, 1), arg_scope, arg_man, arg_generators);
+}
+
+static int do_security(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        return analyze_security(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), 0);
+}
+
+static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags);
+
+        r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd-analyze", "1", &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
+               "Profile systemd, show unit dependencies, check unit files.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help                Show this help\n"
+               "     --version             Show package version\n"
+               "     --no-pager            Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --system              Operate on system systemd instance\n"
+               "     --user                Operate on user systemd instance\n"
+               "     --global              Operate on global user configuration\n"
+               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST    Operate on remote host\n"
+               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER   Operate on local container\n"
+               "     --order               Show only order in the graph\n"
+               "     --require             Show only requirement in the graph\n"
+               "     --from-pattern=GLOB   Show only origins in the graph\n"
+               "     --to-pattern=GLOB     Show only destinations in the graph\n"
+               "     --fuzz=SECONDS        Also print also services which finished SECONDS\n"
+               "                           earlier than the latest in the branch\n"
+               "     --man[=BOOL]          Do [not] check for existence of man pages\n"
+               "     --generators[=BOOL]   Do [not] run unit generators (requires privileges)\n"
+               "\nCommands:\n"
+               "  time                     Print time spent in the kernel\n"
+               "  blame                    Print list of running units ordered by time to init\n"
+               "  critical-chain [UNIT...] Print a tree of the time critical chain of units\n"
+               "  plot                     Output SVG graphic showing service initialization\n"
+               "  dot [UNIT...]            Output dependency graph in man:dot(1) format\n"
+               "  log-level [LEVEL]        Get/set logging threshold for manager\n"
+               "  log-target [TARGET]      Get/set logging target for manager\n"
+               "  dump                     Output state serialization of service manager\n"
+               "  cat-config               Show configuration file and drop-ins\n"
+               "  unit-paths               List load directories for units\n"
+               "  syscall-filter [NAME...] Print list of syscalls in seccomp filter\n"
+               "  verify FILE...           Check unit files for correctness\n"
+               "  calendar SPEC...         Validate repetitive calendar time events\n"
+               "  service-watchdogs [BOOL] Get/set service watchdog state\n"
+               "  timespan SPAN...         Validate a time span\n"
+               "  security [UNIT...]       Analyze security of unit\n"
+               "\nSee the %s for details.\n"
+               , program_invocation_short_name
+               , link
+        );
+
+        /* When updating this list, including descriptions, apply changes to shell-completion/bash/systemd-analyze and
+         * shell-completion/zsh/_systemd-analyze too. */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        enum {
+                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+                ARG_ORDER,
+                ARG_REQUIRE,
+                ARG_ROOT,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_GLOBAL,
+                ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN,
+                ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN,
+                ARG_FUZZ,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_MAN,
+                ARG_GENERATORS,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                  },
+                { "version",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION          },
+                { "order",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER            },
+                { "require",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE          },
+                { "root",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT             },
+                { "system",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM           },
+                { "user",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER             },
+                { "global",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL           },
+                { "from-pattern", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN },
+                { "to-pattern",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN   },
+                { "fuzz",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_FUZZ             },
+                { "no-pager",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER         },
+                { "man",          optional_argument, NULL, ARG_MAN              },
+                { "generators",   optional_argument, NULL, ARG_GENERATORS       },
+                { "host",         required_argument, NULL, 'H'                  },
+                { "machine",      required_argument, NULL, 'M'                  },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int r, c;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        return help(0, NULL, NULL);
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_ROOT:
+                        arg_root = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_USER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_GLOBAL:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ORDER:
+                        arg_dot = DEP_ORDER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_REQUIRE:
+                        arg_dot = DEP_REQUIRE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN:
+                        if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_from_patterns, optarg) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN:
+                        if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_to_patterns, optarg) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FUZZ:
+                        r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_fuzz);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_pager_flags |= PAGER_DISABLE;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'H':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_MAN:
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                               "Failed to parse --man= argument.");
+
+                                arg_man = r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_man = true;
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_GENERATORS:
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                                               "Failed to parse --generators= argument.");
+
+                                arg_generators = r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_generators = true;
+
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code.");
+                }
+
+        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL &&
+            !STR_IN_SET(argv[optind] ?: "time", "dot", "unit-paths", "verify"))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "Option --global only makes sense with verbs dot, unit-paths, verify.");
+
+        if (arg_root && !streq_ptr(argv[optind], "cat-config"))
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "Option --root is only supported for cat-config right now.");
+
+        return 1; /* work to do */
+}
+
+static int run(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        static const Verb verbs[] = {
+                { "help",              VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            help                   },
+                { "time",              VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_DEFAULT, analyze_time           },
+                { "blame",             VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            analyze_blame          },
+                { "critical-chain",    VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            analyze_critical_chain },
+                { "plot",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            analyze_plot           },
+                { "dot",               VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            dot                    },
+                { "log-level",         VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            get_or_set_log_level   },
+                { "log-target",        VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            get_or_set_log_target  },
+                /* The following four verbs are deprecated aliases */
+                { "set-log-level",     2,        2,        0,            set_log_level          },
+                { "get-log-level",     VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            get_log_level          },
+                { "set-log-target",    2,        2,        0,            set_log_target         },
+                { "get-log-target",    VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            get_log_target         },
+                { "dump",              VERB_ANY, 1,        0,            dump                   },
+                { "cat-config",        2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            cat_config             },
+                { "unit-paths",        1,        1,        0,            dump_unit_paths        },
+                { "syscall-filter",    VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            dump_syscall_filters   },
+                { "verify",            2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            do_verify              },
+                { "calendar",          2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            test_calendar          },
+                { "service-watchdogs", VERB_ANY, 2,        0,            service_watchdogs      },
+                { "timespan",          2,        VERB_ANY, 0,            dump_timespan          },
+                { "security",          VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,            do_security            },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int r;
+
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C"); /* we want to format/parse floats in C style */
+
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
+}
+
+DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION(run);
diff --git a/src/analyze/meson.build b/src/analyze/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4db4dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/analyze/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
+
+systemd_analyze_sources = files('''
+        analyze.c
+        analyze-verify.c
+        analyze-verify.h
+        analyze-security.c
+        analyze-security.h
+'''.split())