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diff --git a/man/systemctl.xml b/man/systemctl.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08aacd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/systemctl.xml @@ -0,0 +1,2061 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" +"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [ +<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" > +%entities; +]> + +<!-- + SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ +--> + +<refentry id="systemctl" + xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> + + <refentryinfo> + <title>systemctl</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>systemctl</refname> + <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <cmdsynopsis> + <command>systemctl</command> + <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> + <arg choice="plain">COMMAND</arg> + <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">UNIT</arg> + </cmdsynopsis> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to introspect and + control the state of the <literal>systemd</literal> system and + service manager. Please refer to + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this + tool manages.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Options</title> + + <para>The following options are understood:</para> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-t</option></term> + <term><option>--type=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit + types such as <option>service</option> and + <option>socket</option>. + </para> + + <para>If one of the arguments is a unit type, when listing + units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise, units + of all types will be shown.</para> + + <para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is + <option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be + printed and the program will exit.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--state=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit + LOAD, SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only + those in the specified states. Use <option>--state=failed</option> + to show only failed units.</para> + + <para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is + <option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be + printed and the program will exit.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-p</option></term> + <term><option>--property=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When showing unit/job/manager properties with the + <command>show</command> command, limit display to properties + specified in the argument. The argument should be a + comma-separated list of property names, such as + <literal>MainPID</literal>. Unless specified, all known + properties are shown. If specified more than once, all + properties with the specified names are shown. Shell + completion is implemented for property names.</para> + + <para>For the manager itself, + <command>systemctl show</command> will show all available + properties. Those properties are documented in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + </para> + + <para>Properties for units vary by unit type, so showing any + unit (even a non-existent one) is a way to list properties + pertaining to this type. Similarly, showing any job will list + properties pertaining to all jobs. Properties for units are + documented in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + and the pages for individual unit types + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + etc.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-a</option></term> + <term><option>--all</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When listing units with <command>list-units</command>, also show inactive units and + units which are following other units. When showing unit/job/manager properties, show all + properties regardless whether they are set or not.</para> + + <para>To list all units installed in the file system, use the + <command>list-unit-files</command> command instead.</para> + + <para>When listing units with <command>list-dependencies</command>, recursively show + dependencies of all dependent units (by default only dependencies of target units are + shown).</para> + + <para>When used with <command>status</command>, show journal messages in full, even if they include + unprintable characters or are very long. By default, fields with unprintable characters are + abbreviated as "blob data". (Note that the pager may escape unprintable characters again.)</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-r</option></term> + <term><option>--recursive</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When listing units, also show units of local + containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with + the container name, separated by a single colon character + (<literal>:</literal>).</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--reverse</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Show reverse dependencies between units with + <command>list-dependencies</command>, i.e. follow + dependencies of type <varname>WantedBy=</varname>, + <varname>RequiredBy=</varname>, + <varname>PartOf=</varname>, <varname>BoundBy=</varname>, + instead of <varname>Wants=</varname> and similar. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--after</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the + units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other + words, recursively list units following the + <varname>After=</varname> dependency.</para> + + <para>Note that any <varname>After=</varname> dependency is + automatically mirrored to create a + <varname>Before=</varname> dependency. Temporal dependencies + may be specified explicitly, but are also created implicitly + for units which are <varname>WantedBy=</varname> targets + (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>), + and as a result of other directives (for example + <varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname>). Both explicitly + and implicitly introduced dependencies are shown with + <command>list-dependencies</command>.</para> + + <para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs are + waiting for it. May be combined with <option>--before</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as + well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--before</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the + units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other + words, recursively list units following the + <varname>Before=</varname> dependency.</para> + + <para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs it + is waiting for. May be combined with <option>--after</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as + well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-l</option></term> + <term><option>--full</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries, + journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output + of <command>status</command>, <command>list-units</command>, + <command>list-jobs</command>, and + <command>list-timers</command>.</para> + <para>Also, show installation targets in the output of + <command>is-enabled</command>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--value</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When printing properties with <command>show</command>, + only print the value, and skip the property name and + <literal>=</literal>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--show-types</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When showing sockets, show the type of the socket.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--job-mode=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with + already queued jobs. It takes one of <literal>fail</literal>, + <literal>replace</literal>, + <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>, + <literal>isolate</literal>, + <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, + <literal>ignore-requirements</literal> or + <literal>flush</literal>. Defaults to + <literal>replace</literal>, except when the + <command>isolate</command> command is used which implies the + <literal>isolate</literal> job mode.</para> + + <para>If <literal>fail</literal> is specified and a requested + operation conflicts with a pending job (more specifically: + causes an already pending start job to be reversed into a stop + job or vice versa), cause the operation to fail.</para> + + <para>If <literal>replace</literal> (the default) is + specified, any conflicting pending job will be replaced, as + necessary.</para> + + <para>If <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal> is specified, + operate like <literal>replace</literal>, but also mark the new + jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting + transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued + while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible + jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command> + command. This job mode should be used on any transaction which + pulls in <filename>shutdown.target</filename>.</para> + + <para><literal>isolate</literal> is only valid for start + operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the + specified unit is started. This mode is always used when the + <command>isolate</command> command is used.</para> + + <para><literal>flush</literal> will cause all queued jobs to + be canceled when the new job is enqueued.</para> + + <para>If <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> is specified, + then all unit dependencies are ignored for this new job and + the operation is executed immediately. If passed, no required + units of the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering + dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and + rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by + applications.</para> + + <para><literal>ignore-requirements</literal> is similar to + <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, but only causes the + requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering + dependencies will still be honored.</para> + </listitem> + + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--fail</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shorthand for <option>--job-mode=</option>fail.</para> + <para>When used with the <command>kill</command> command, + if no units were killed, the operation results in an error. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-i</option></term> + <term><option>--ignore-inhibitors</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When system shutdown or a sleep state is requested, ignore inhibitor locks. Applications can establish + inhibitor locks to avoid that certain important operations (such as CD burning or suchlike) are interrupted + by system shutdown or a sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged users may override these + locks. If any locks are taken, shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail (unless privileged) and a + list of active locks is printed. However, if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option> is specified, the + established locks are ignored and not shown, and the operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring + additional privileges.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--dry-run</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Just print what would be done. Currently supported by verbs + <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command>, + <command>kexec</command>, <command>suspend</command>, <command>hibernate</command>, + <command>hybrid-sleep</command>, <command>suspend-then-hibernate</command>, + <command>default</command>, <command>rescue</command>, + <command>emergency</command>, and <command>exit</command>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-q</option></term> + <term><option>--quiet</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Suppress printing of the results of various commands + and also the hints about truncated log lines. This does not + suppress output of commands for which the printed output is + the only result (like <command>show</command>). Errors are + always printed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--no-block</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation + to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be + verified, enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will + wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this + argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This option may not be + combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--wait</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Synchronously wait for started units to terminate again. + This option may not be combined with <option>--no-block</option>. + Note that this will wait forever if any given unit never terminates + (by itself or by getting stopped explicitly); particularly services + which use <literal>RemainAfterExit=yes</literal>.</para> + + <para>When used with <command>is-system-running</command>, wait + until the boot process is completed before returning.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> + <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--failed</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List units in failed state. This is equivalent to + <option>--state=failed</option>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--no-wall</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Do not send wall message before halt, power-off and reboot.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--global</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>enable</command> and + <command>disable</command>, operate on the global user + configuration directory, thus enabling or disabling a unit + file globally for all future logins of all users.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--no-reload</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>enable</command> and + <command>disable</command>, do not implicitly reload daemon + configuration after executing the changes.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>start</command> and related + commands, disables asking for passwords. Background services + may require input of a password or passphrase string, for + example to unlock system hard disks or cryptographic + certificates. Unless this option is specified and the + command is invoked from a terminal, + <command>systemctl</command> will query the user on the + terminal for the necessary secrets. Use this option to + switch this behavior off. In this case, the password must be + supplied by some other means (for example graphical password + agents) or the service might fail. This also disables + querying the user for authentication for privileged + operations.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which + processes to send a signal to. Must be one of + <option>main</option>, <option>control</option> or + <option>all</option> to select whether to kill only the main + process, the control process or all processes of the + unit. The main process of the unit is the one that defines + the life-time of it. A control process of a unit is one that + is invoked by the manager to induce state changes of it. For + example, all processes started due to the + <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>, + <varname>ExecStop=</varname> or + <varname>ExecReload=</varname> settings of service units are + control processes. Note that there is only one control + process per unit at a time, as only one state change is + executed at a time. For services of type + <varname>Type=forking</varname>, the initial process started + by the manager for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is a + control process, while the process ultimately forked off by + that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if + it can be determined). This is different for service units + of other types, where the process forked off by the manager + for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is always the main process + itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process, + zero or one control process plus any number of additional + processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these + types however. For example, for mount units, control processes + are defined (which are the invocations of + <filename>&MOUNT_PATH;</filename> and + <filename>&UMOUNT_PATH;</filename>), but no main process + is defined. If omitted, defaults to + <option>all</option>.</para> + </listitem> + + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-s</option></term> + <term><option>--signal=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which + signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the + well-known signal specifiers such as <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, <constant>SIGINT</constant> or + <constant>SIGSTOP</constant>. If omitted, defaults to + <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-f</option></term> + <term><option>--force</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>enable</command>, overwrite + any existing conflicting symlinks.</para> + + <para>When used with <command>edit</command>, create all of the + specified units which do not already exist.</para> + + <para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command> or + <command>kexec</command>, execute the selected operation without shutting down all units. However, all + processes will be killed forcibly and all file systems are unmounted or remounted read-only. This is hence a + drastic but relatively safe option to request an immediate reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified + twice for these operations (with the exception of <command>kexec</command>), they will be executed + immediately, without terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. Warning: specifying + <option>--force</option> twice with any of these operations might result in data loss. Note that when + <option>--force</option> is specified twice the selected operation is executed by + <command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should + succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--message=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command> or <command>reboot</command>, set a + short message explaining the reason for the operation. The message will be logged together with the default + shutdown message.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--now</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>enable</command>, the units + will also be started. When used with <command>disable</command> or + <command>mask</command>, the units will also be stopped. The start + or stop operation is only carried out when the respective enable or + disable operation has been successful.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--root=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with + <command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command> + (and related commands), use the specified root path when looking for unit + files. If this option is present, <command>systemctl</command> will operate on + the file system directly, instead of communicating with the <command>systemd</command> + daemon to carry out changes.</para> + </listitem> + + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--runtime</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>enable</command>, + <command>disable</command>, <command>edit</command>, + (and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so + that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the + effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of + <filename>/etc</filename> but in <filename>/run</filename>, + with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter + is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.</para> + + <para>Similarly, when used with + <command>set-property</command>, make changes only + temporarily, so that they are lost on the next + reboot.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--preset-mode=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Takes one of <literal>full</literal> (the default), + <literal>enable-only</literal>, + <literal>disable-only</literal>. When used with the + <command>preset</command> or <command>preset-all</command> + commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and + enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or + only disabled.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-n</option></term> + <term><option>--lines=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the number of journal lines to show, counting from + the most recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument, or 0 to disable journal output. Defaults to + 10.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>-o</option></term> + <term><option>--output=</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the + formatting of the journal entries that are shown. For the + available choices, see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + Defaults to <literal>short</literal>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--firmware-setup</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, + indicate to the system's firmware to boot into setup + mode. Note that this is currently only supported on some EFI + systems and only if the system was booted in EFI + mode.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><option>--plain</option></term> + + <listitem> + <para>When used with <command>list-dependencies</command>, + <command>list-units</command> or <command>list-machines</command>, + the output is printed as a list instead of a tree, and the bullet + circles are omitted.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> + <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> + + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> + <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> + </variablelist> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Commands</title> + + <para>The following commands are understood:</para> + + <refsect2> + <title>Unit Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-units</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List units that <command>systemd</command> currently has in memory. This includes units that are + either referenced directly or through a dependency, units that are pinned by applications programmatically, + or units that were active in the past and have failed. By default only units which are active, have pending + jobs, or have failed are shown; this can be changed with option <option>--all</option>. If one or more + <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown. The units + that are shown are additionally filtered by <option>--type=</option> and <option>--state=</option> if those + options are specified.</para> + + <para>Produces output similar to + <programlisting> UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION + sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse + -.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount + boot-efi.mount loaded active mounted /boot/efi + systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service + systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service +● user@1000.service loaded failed failed User Manager for UID 1000 + … + systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer loaded active waiting Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories + +LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded. +ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB. +SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type. + +123 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too. +To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'. + </programlisting> + The header and the last unit of a given type are underlined if the + terminal supports that. A colored dot is shown next to services which + were masked, not found, or otherwise failed.</para> + + <para>The LOAD column shows the load state, one of <constant>loaded</constant>, + <constant>not-found</constant>, <constant>bad-setting</constant>, <constant>error</constant>, + <constant>masked</constant>. The ACTIVE columns shows the general unit state, one of + <constant>active</constant>, <constant>reloading</constant>, <constant>inactive</constant>, + <constant>failed</constant>, <constant>activating</constant>, <constant>deactivating</constant>. The SUB + column shows the unit-type-specific detailed state of the unit, possible values vary by unit type. The list + of possible LOAD, ACTIVE, and SUB states is not constant and new systemd releases may both add and remove + values. <programlisting>systemctl --state=help</programlisting> command maybe be used to display the + current set of possible values.</para> + + <para>This is the default command.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-sockets</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List socket units currently in memory, ordered by listening address. If one or more + <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only socket units matching one of them are + shown. Produces output similar to + <programlisting> +LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES +/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service +… +[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service +kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service + +5 sockets listed.</programlisting> + Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output + is not suitable for programmatic consumption. + </para> + + <para>Also see <option>--show-types</option>, <option>--all</option>, and <option>--state=</option>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-timers</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List timer units currently in memory, ordered by the time they elapse next. If one or more + <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown. + Produces output similar to + <programlisting> +NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES +n/a n/a Thu 2017-02-23 13:40:29 EST 3 days ago ureadahead-stop.timer ureadahead-stop.service +Sun 2017-02-26 18:55:42 EST 1min 14s left Thu 2017-02-23 13:54:44 EST 3 days ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service +Sun 2017-02-26 20:37:16 EST 1h 42min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service +Sun 2017-02-26 20:57:49 EST 2h 3min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago snapd.refresh.timer snapd.refresh.service + </programlisting> + </para> + + <para><emphasis>NEXT</emphasis> shows the next time the timer will run.</para> + <para><emphasis>LEFT</emphasis> shows how long till the next time the timer runs.</para> + <para><emphasis>LAST</emphasis> shows the last time the timer ran.</para> + <para><emphasis>PASSED</emphasis> shows how long has passed since the timer last ran.</para> + <para><emphasis>UNIT</emphasis> shows the name of the timer</para> + <para><emphasis>ACTIVATES</emphasis> shows the name the service the timer activates when it runs.</para> + + <para>Also see <option>--all</option> and <option>--state=</option>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>start <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the + command line.</para> + + <para>Note that glob patterns operate on the set of primary names of units currently in memory. Units which + are not active and are not in a failed state usually are not in memory, and will not be matched by any + pattern. In addition, in case of instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the instance name until + the instance has been started. Therefore, using glob patterns with <command>start</command> has limited + usefulness. Also, secondary alias names of units are not considered.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>stop <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the + command line.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>reload <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload + their configuration. Note that this will reload the + service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration + file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the + configuration file of a unit, use the + <command>daemon-reload</command> command. In other words: + for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's + <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the web server, not the + <filename>apache.service</filename> systemd unit + file.</para> + + <para>This command should not be confused with the + <command>daemon-reload</command> command.</para> + </listitem> + + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the command line. If the units are not running + yet, they will be started.</para> + + <para>Note that restarting a unit with this command does not necessarily flush out all of the unit's + resources before it is started again. For example, the per-service file descriptor storage facility (see + <varname>FileDescriptorStoreMax=</varname> in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) will + remain intact as long as the unit has a job pending, and is only cleared when the unit is fully stopped and + no jobs are pending anymore. If it is intended that the file descriptor store is flushed out, too, during a + restart operation an explicit <command>systemctl stop</command> command followed by <command>systemctl + start</command> should be issued.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the + command line if the units are running. This does nothing + if units are not running.</para> + <!-- Note that we don't document condrestart here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally + don't document that. --> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. If the units + are not running yet, they will be started.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>try-reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. This does + nothing if the units are not running.</para> + <!-- Note that we don't document force-reload here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally + don't document that. --> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>isolate <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its dependencies + and stop all others, unless they have + <option>IgnoreOnIsolate=yes</option> (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). + If a unit name with no extension is given, an extension of + <literal>.target</literal> will be assumed.</para> + + <para>This is similar to changing the runlevel in a + traditional init system. The <command>isolate</command> + command will immediately stop processes that are not enabled + in the new unit, possibly including the graphical + environment or terminal you are currently using.</para> + + <para>Note that this is allowed only on units where + <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is enabled. See + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for details.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>kill <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the + unit. Use <option>--kill-who=</option> to select which + process to kill. Use <option>--signal=</option> to select + the signal to send.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>is-active <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Check whether any of the specified units are active + (i.e. running). Returns an exit code + <constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or + non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is + specified, this will also print the current unit state to + standard output.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>is-failed <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a + "failed" state. Returns an exit code + <constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed, + non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is + specified, this will also print the current unit state to + standard output.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>status</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…]</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Show terse runtime status information about one or + more units, followed by most recent log data from the + journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If + combined with <option>--all</option>, also show the status of + all units (subject to limitations specified with + <option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information + about the unit the process belongs to.</para> + + <para>This function is intended to generate human-readable + output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output, + use <command>show</command> instead. By default, this + function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes + lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changed + with <option>--lines</option> and <option>--full</option>, + see above. In addition, <command>journalctl + --unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> or + <command>journalctl + --user-unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> use + a similar filter for messages and might be more + convenient. + </para> + + <para>systemd implicitly loads units as necessary, so just running the <command>status</command> will + attempt to load a file. The command is thus not useful for determining if something was already loaded or + not. The units may possibly also be quickly unloaded after the operation is completed if there's no reason + to keep it in memory thereafter. + </para> + + <example> + <title>Example output from systemctl status </title> + + <programlisting>$ systemctl status bluetooth +● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service + Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) + Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 13:54:04 EST; 1 weeks 0 days ago + Docs: man:bluetoothd(8) + Main PID: 930 (bluetoothd) + Status: "Running" + Tasks: 1 + Memory: 648.0K + CPU: 435ms + CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service + └─930 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd + +Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Not enough free handles to register service +Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Current Time Service could not be registered +Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5) +</programlisting> + + <para>The dot ("●") uses color on supported terminals to summarize the unit state at a glance. White + indicates an <literal>inactive</literal> or <literal>deactivating</literal> state. Red indicates a + <literal>failed</literal> or <literal>error</literal> state and green indicates an + <literal>active</literal>, <literal>reloading</literal> or <literal>activating</literal> state. + </para> + + <para>The "Loaded:" line in the output will show <literal>loaded</literal> if the unit has been loaded into + memory. Other possible values for "Loaded:" include: <literal>error</literal> if there was a problem + loading it, <literal>not-found</literal> if not unit file was found for this unit, + <literal>bad-setting</literal> if an essential unit file setting could not be parsed and + <literal>masked</literal> if the unit file has been masked. Along with showing the path to the unit file, + this line will also show the enablement state. Enabled commands start at boot. See the full table of + possible enablement states — including the definition of <literal>masked</literal> — in the documentation + for the <command>is-enabled</command> command. + </para> + + <para>The "Active:" line shows active state. The value is usually <literal>active</literal> or + <literal>inactive</literal>. Active could mean started, bound, plugged in, etc depending on the unit type. + The unit could also be in process of changing states, reporting a state of <literal>activating</literal> or + <literal>deactivating</literal>. A special <literal>failed</literal> state is entered when the service + failed in some way, such as a crash, exiting with an error code or timing out. If the failed state is + entered the cause will be logged for later reference.</para> + </example> + + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>show</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the manager itself. If no argument is specified, + properties of the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified, properties of the unit are shown, and + if a job ID is specified, properties of the job are shown. By default, empty properties are suppressed. Use + <option>--all</option> to show those too. To select specific properties to show, use + <option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be used whenever computer-parsable output is + required. Use <command>status</command> if you are looking for formatted human-readable output.</para> + + <para>Many properties shown by <command>systemctl show</command> map directly to configuration settings of + the system and service manager and its unit files. Note that the properties shown by the command are + generally more low-level, normalized versions of the original configuration settings and expose runtime + state in addition to configuration. For example, properties shown for service units include the service's + current main process identifier as <literal>MainPID</literal> (which is runtime state), and time settings + are always exposed as properties ending in the <literal>…USec</literal> suffix even if a matching + configuration options end in <literal>…Sec</literal>, because microseconds is the normalized time unit used + by the system and service manager.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>cat <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the + "fragment" and "drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each + file is preceded by a comment which includes the file + name. Note that this shows the contents of the backing files + on disk, which may not match the system manager's + understanding of these units if any unit files were + updated on disk and the <command>daemon-reload</command> + command wasn't issued since.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>set-property <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> <replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Set the specified unit properties at runtime where + this is supported. This allows changing configuration + parameter properties such as resource control settings at + runtime. Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but + many resource control settings (primarily those in + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) + may. The changes are applied immediately, and stored on disk + for future boots, unless <option>--runtime</option> is + passed, in which case the settings only apply until the + next reboot. The syntax of the property assignment follows + closely the syntax of assignments in unit files.</para> + + <para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUShares=777</command></para> + + <para>If the specified unit appears to be inactive, the + changes will be only stored on disk as described + previously hence they will be effective when the unit will + be started.</para> + + <para>Note that this command allows changing multiple + properties at the same time, which is preferable over + setting them individually. Like with unit file configuration + settings, assigning an empty list will reset the property. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>help <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if + available. If a PID is given, the manual pages for the unit + the process belongs to are shown.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…]</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the specified units, or if no unit name is passed, reset + the state of all units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting with non-zero error code, + terminating abnormally or timing out), it will automatically enter the <literal>failed</literal> state and + its exit code and status is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the service is + stopped/re-started or reset with this command.</para> + + <para>In addition to resetting the <literal>failed</literal> state of a unit it also resets various other + per-unit properties: the start rate limit counter of all unit types is reset to zero, as is the restart + counter of service units. Thus, if a unit's start limit (as configured with + <varname>StartLimitIntervalSec=</varname>/<varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname>) is hit and the unit refuses + to be started again, use this command to make it startable again.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term> + <command>list-dependencies</command> + <optional><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></optional> + </term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shows units required and wanted by the specified + unit. This recursively lists units following the + <varname>Requires=</varname>, + <varname>Requisite=</varname>, + <varname>ConsistsOf=</varname>, + <varname>Wants=</varname>, <varname>BindsTo=</varname> + dependencies. If no unit is specified, + <filename>default.target</filename> is implied.</para> + + <para>By default, only target units are recursively + expanded. When <option>--all</option> is passed, all other + units are recursively expanded as well.</para> + + <para>Options <option>--reverse</option>, + <option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option> + may be used to change what types of dependencies + are shown.</para> + + <para>Note that this command only lists units currently loaded into memory by the service manager. In + particular, this command is not suitable to get a comprehensive list at all reverse dependencies on a + specific unit, as it won't list the dependencies declared by units currently not loaded.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Unit File Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-unit-files</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List unit files installed on the system, in combination with their enablement state (as reported by + <command>is-enabled</command>). If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only unit + files whose name matches one of them are shown (patterns matching unit file system paths are not + supported).</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>enable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + <term><command>enable <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Enable one or more units or unit instances. This will create a set of symlinks, as encoded in the + <literal>[Install]</literal> sections of the indicated unit files. After the symlinks have been created, + the system manager configuration is reloaded (in a way equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>), in + order to ensure the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that this does + <emphasis>not</emphasis> have the effect of also starting any of the units being enabled. If this is + desired, combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke <command>start</command> + with appropriate arguments later. Note that in case of unit instance enablement (i.e. enablement of units of + the form <filename>foo@bar.service</filename>), symlinks named the same as instances are created in the + unit configuration directory, however they point to the single template unit file they are instantiated + from.</para> + + <para>This command expects either valid unit names (in which case various unit file directories are + automatically searched for unit files with appropriate names), or absolute paths to unit files (in which + case these files are read directly). If a specified unit file is located outside of the usual unit file + directories, an additional symlink is created, linking it into the unit configuration path, thus ensuring + it is found when requested by commands such as <command>start</command>. The file system where the linked + unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started (e.g. anything underneath + <filename>/home</filename> or <filename>/var</filename> is not allowed, unless those directories are + located on the root file system).</para> + + <para>This command will print the file system operations executed. This output may be suppressed by passing + <option>--quiet</option>. + </para> + + <para>Note that this operation creates only the symlinks suggested in the <literal>[Install]</literal> + section of the unit files. While this command is the recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration + directory, the administrator is free to make additional changes manually by placing or removing symlinks + below this directory. This is particularly useful to create configurations that deviate from the suggested + default installation. In this case, the administrator must make sure to invoke + <command>daemon-reload</command> manually as necessary, in order to ensure the changes are taken into + account. + </para> + + <para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting (activating) units, as done by the + <command>start</command> command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units may be enabled without + being started and started without being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various suggested + places (for example, so that the unit is automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of + hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon process (in case of service units), or binds + the socket (in case of socket units), and so on.</para> + + <para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>, + or <option>--global</option> is specified, this enables the unit for the system, for the calling user only, + for only this boot of the system, or for all future logins of all users. Note that in the last case, no + systemd daemon configuration is reloaded.</para> + + <para>Using <command>enable</command> on masked units is not supported and results in an error.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>disable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks to the unit files backing the specified units + from the unit configuration directory, and hence undoes any changes made by <command>enable</command> or + <command>link</command>. Note that this removes <emphasis>all</emphasis> symlinks to matching unit files, + including manually created symlinks, and not just those actually created by <command>enable</command> or + <command>link</command>. Note that while <command>disable</command> undoes the effect of + <command>enable</command>, the two commands are otherwise not symmetric, as <command>disable</command> may + remove more symlinks than a prior <command>enable</command> invocation of the same unit created.</para> + + <para>This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para> + + <para>In addition to the units specified as arguments, all units are disabled that are listed in the + <varname>Also=</varname> setting contained in the <literal>[Install]</literal> section of any of the unit + files being operated on.</para> + + <para>This command implicitly reloads the system manager configuration after completing the operation. Note + that this command does not implicitly stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired, either + combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke the <command>stop</command> command + with appropriate arguments later.</para> + + <para>This command will print information about the file system operations (symlink removals) + executed. This output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>. + </para> + + <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> + and <option>--global</option> in a similar way as <command>enable</command>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>reenable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reenable one or more units, as specified on the command line. This is a combination of + <command>disable</command> and <command>enable</command> and is useful to reset the symlinks a unit file is + enabled with to the defaults configured in its <literal>[Install]</literal> section. This command expects + a unit name only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>preset <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reset the enable/disable status one or more unit files, as specified on + the command line, to the defaults configured in the preset policy files. This + has the same effect as <command>disable</command> or + <command>enable</command>, depending how the unit is listed in the preset + files.</para> + + <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control whether units shall be + enabled and disabled, or only enabled, or only disabled.</para> + + <para>If the unit carries no install information, it will be silently ignored + by this command. <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> must be the real unit name, + any alias names are ignored silently.</para> + + <para>For more information on the preset policy format, see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + For more information on the concept of presets, please consult the + <ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink> + document.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>preset-all</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults + configured in the preset policy file (see above).</para> + + <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control + whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only + enabled, or only disabled.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>is-enabled <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are + enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an + exit code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero + otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table). + To suppress this output, use <option>--quiet</option>. + To show installation targets, use <option>--full</option>. + </para> + + <table> + <title> + <command>is-enabled</command> output + </title> + + <tgroup cols='3'> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Name</entry> + <entry>Description</entry> + <entry>Exit Code</entry> + </row> + </thead> + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry> + <entry morerows='1'>Enabled via <filename>.wants/</filename>, <filename>.requires/</filename> or <varname>Alias=</varname> symlinks (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename>, or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>).</entry> + <entry morerows='1'>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>enabled-runtime</literal></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>linked</literal></entry> + <entry morerows='1'>Made available through one or more symlinks to the unit file (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>), even though the unit file might reside outside of the unit file search path.</entry> + <entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>linked-runtime</literal></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>masked</literal></entry> + <entry morerows='1'>Completely disabled, so that any start operation on it fails (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/systemd/</filename>).</entry> + <entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>masked-runtime</literal></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>static</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file is not enabled, and has no provisions for enabling in the <literal>[Install]</literal> unit file section.</entry> + <entry>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>indirect</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file itself is not enabled, but it has a non-empty <varname>Also=</varname> setting in the <literal>[Install]</literal> unit file section, listing other unit files that might be enabled, or it has an alias under a different name through a symlink that is not specified in Also=. For template unit file, an instance different than the one specified in <varname>DefaultInstance=</varname> is enabled.</entry> + <entry>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file is not enabled, but contains an <literal>[Install]</literal> section with installation instructions.</entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>generated</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file was generated dynamically via a generator tool. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Generated unit files may not be enabled, they are enabled implicitly by their generator.</entry> + <entry>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>transient</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file has been created dynamically with the runtime API. Transient units may not be enabled.</entry> + <entry>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><literal>bad</literal></entry> + <entry>The unit file is invalid or another error occurred. Note that <command>is-enabled</command> will not actually return this state, but print an error message instead. However the unit file listing printed by <command>list-unit-files</command> might show it.</entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>mask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Mask one or more units, as specified on the command line. This will link these unit files to + <filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version of + <command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of activation of the unit, including enablement + and manual activation. Use this option with care. This honors the <option>--runtime</option> option to only + mask temporarily until the next reboot of the system. The <option>--now</option> option may be used to + ensure that the units are also stopped. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit + file paths.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>unmask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the command line. This will undo the effect of + <command>mask</command>. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit file + paths.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>link <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search paths into the unit file search path. This + command expects an absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this may be undone with + <command>disable</command>. The effect of this command is that a unit file is made available for commands + such as <command>start</command>, even though it is not installed directly in the unit search path. The + file system where the linked unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started + (e.g. anything underneath <filename>/home</filename> or <filename>/var</filename> is not allowed, unless + those directories are located on the root file system).</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>revert <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Revert one or more unit files to their vendor versions. This command removes drop-in configuration + files that modify the specified units, as well as any user-configured unit file that overrides a matching + vendor supplied unit file. Specifically, for a unit <literal>foo.service</literal> the matching directories + <literal>foo.service.d/</literal> with all their contained files are removed, both below the persistent and + runtime configuration directories (i.e. below <filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> and + <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>); if the unit file has a vendor-supplied version (i.e. a unit file + located below <filename>/usr</filename>) any matching persistent or runtime unit file that overrides it is + removed, too. Note that if a unit file has no vendor-supplied version (i.e. is only defined below + <filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> or <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>, but not in a unit + file stored below <filename>/usr</filename>), then it is not removed. Also, if a unit is masked, it is + unmasked.</para> + + <para>Effectively, this command may be used to undo all changes made with <command>systemctl + edit</command>, <command>systemctl set-property</command> and <command>systemctl mask</command> and puts + the original unit file with its settings back in effect.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>add-wants <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> + <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + <term><command>add-requires <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> + <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Adds <literal>Wants=</literal> or <literal>Requires=</literal> + dependencies, respectively, to the specified + <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> for one or more units. </para> + + <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>, + <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and + <option>--global</option> in a way similar to + <command>enable</command>.</para> + + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>edit <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Edit a drop-in snippet or a whole replacement file if + <option>--full</option> is specified, to extend or override the + specified unit.</para> + + <para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option> (the default), + <option>--user</option>, or <option>--global</option> is specified, + this command creates a drop-in file for each unit either for the system, + for the calling user, or for all futures logins of all users. Then, + the editor (see the "Environment" section below) is invoked on + temporary files which will be written to the real location if the + editor exits successfully.</para> + + <para>If <option>--full</option> is specified, this will copy the + original units instead of creating drop-in files.</para> + + <para>If <option>--force</option> is specified and any units do + not already exist, new unit files will be opened for editing.</para> + + <para>If <option>--runtime</option> is specified, the changes will + be made temporarily in <filename>/run</filename> and they will be + lost on the next reboot.</para> + + <para>If the temporary file is empty upon exit, the modification of + the related unit is canceled.</para> + + <para>After the units have been edited, systemd configuration is + reloaded (in a way that is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>). + </para> + + <para>Note that this command cannot be used to remotely edit units + and that you cannot temporarily edit units which are in + <filename>/etc</filename>, since they take precedence over + <filename>/run</filename>.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>get-default</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Return the default target to boot into. This returns + the target unit name <filename>default.target</filename> + is aliased (symlinked) to.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>set-default <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Set the default target to boot into. This sets + (symlinks) the <filename>default.target</filename> alias + to the given target unit.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Machine Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-machines</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List the host and all running local containers with + their state. If one or more + <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only + containers matching one of them are shown. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Job Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>list-jobs <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more + <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only + jobs for units matching one of them are shown.</para> + + <para>When combined with <option>--after</option> or <option>--before</option> the list is augmented with + information on which other job each job is waiting for, and which other jobs are waiting for it, see + above.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>cancel <replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line + by their numeric job IDs. If no job ID is specified, cancel + all pending jobs.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Environment Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>show-environment</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. This is the environment + block that is passed to all processes the manager spawns. The environment + block will be dumped in straight-forward form suitable for sourcing into + most shells. If no special characters or whitespace is present in the variable + values, no escaping is performed, and the assignments have the form + <literal>VARIABLE=value</literal>. If whitespace or characters which have + special meaning to the shell are present, dollar-single-quote escaping is + used, and assignments have the form <literal>VARIABLE=$'value'</literal>. + This syntax is known to be supported by + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>zsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ksh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + and + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + but not + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> + or + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>fish</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>set-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables, + as specified on the command line.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>unset-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>…</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment + variables. If only a variable name is specified, it will be + removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value + are specified, the variable is only removed if it has the + specified value.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term> + <command>import-environment</command> + <optional><replaceable>VARIABLE…</replaceable></optional> + </term> + + <listitem> + <para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on + the client into the systemd manager environment block. If + no arguments are passed, the entire environment block is + imported. Otherwise, a list of one or more environment + variable names should be passed, whose client-side values + are then imported into the manager's environment + block.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Manager Lifecycle Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reload the systemd manager configuration. This will + rerun all generators (see + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>), + reload all unit files, and recreate the entire dependency + tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets + systemd listens on behalf of user configuration will stay + accessible.</para> + + <para>This command should not be confused with the + <command>reload</command> command.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the + manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the + state again. This command is of little use except for + debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes, it might be + helpful as a heavy-weight <command>daemon-reload</command>. + While the daemon is being reexecuted, all sockets systemd listening + on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible. + </para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>System Commands</title> + + <variablelist> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>is-system-running</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Checks whether the system is operational. This + returns success (exit code 0) when the system is fully up + and running, specifically not in startup, shutdown or + maintenance mode, and with no failed services. Failure is + returned otherwise (exit code non-zero). In addition, the + current state is printed in a short string to standard + output, see the table below. Use <option>--quiet</option> to + suppress this output.</para> + + <para>Use <option>--wait</option> to wait until the boot + process is completed before printing the current state and + returning the appropriate error status. If <option>--wait</option> + is in use, states <varname>initializing</varname> or + <varname>starting</varname> will not be reported, instead + the command will block until a later state (such as + <varname>running</varname> or <varname>degraded</varname>) + is reached.</para> + + <table> + <title><command>is-system-running</command> output</title> + <tgroup cols='3'> + <colspec colname='name'/> + <colspec colname='description'/> + <colspec colname='exit-code'/> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Name</entry> + <entry>Description</entry> + <entry>Exit Code</entry> + </row> + </thead> + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><varname>initializing</varname></entry> + <entry><para>Early bootup, before + <filename>basic.target</filename> is reached + or the <varname>maintenance</varname> state entered. + </para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>starting</varname></entry> + <entry><para>Late bootup, before the job queue + becomes idle for the first time, or one of the + rescue targets are reached.</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>running</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The system is fully + operational.</para></entry> + <entry>0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>degraded</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The system is operational but one or more + units failed.</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>maintenance</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The rescue or emergency target is + active.</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>stopping</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The manager is shutting + down.</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>offline</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The manager is not + running. Specifically, this is the operational + state if an incompatible program is running as + system manager (PID 1).</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><varname>unknown</varname></entry> + <entry><para>The operational state could not be + determined, due to lack of resources or another + error cause.</para></entry> + <entry>> 0</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>default</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter default mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate default.target</command>. This + operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>rescue</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter rescue mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate rescue.target</command>. This + operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>emergency</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Enter emergency mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate + emergency.target</command>. This operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to + request asynchronous behavior.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>halt</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start halt.target + --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This command is + asynchronous; it will return after the halt operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete. Note + that this operation will simply halt the OS kernel after shutting down, leaving the hardware powered + on. Use <command>systemctl poweroff</command> for powering off the system (see below).</para> + + <para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all + processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the + system halt. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without + terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when + <option>--force</option> is specified twice the halt operation is executed by <command>systemctl</command> + itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should succeed even when the system + manager has crashed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>poweroff</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start + poweroff.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all + users. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the power-off operation is enqueued, without + waiting for it to complete.</para> + + <para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all + processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the + powering off. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without + terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when + <option>--force</option> is specified twice the power-off operation is executed by + <command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should + succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry> + <term><command>reboot</command> <optional><replaceable>arg</replaceable></optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start reboot.target + --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This + command is asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to + complete.</para> + + <para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all + processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the + reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without + terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when + <option>--force</option> is specified twice the reboot operation is executed by + <command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should + succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para> + + <para>If the optional argument <replaceable>arg</replaceable> is given, it will be passed as the optional + argument to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> + system call. The value is architecture and firmware specific. As an example, <literal>recovery</literal> + might be used to trigger system recovery, and <literal>fota</literal> might be used to trigger a + <quote>firmware over the air</quote> update.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>kexec</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Shut down and reboot the system via <command>kexec</command>. This is equivalent to + <command>systemctl start kexec.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>. This command is + asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to + complete.</para> + + <para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all + processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the + reboot.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>exit</command> <optional><replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable></optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Ask the service manager to quit. This is only supported for user service managers (i.e. in + conjunction with the <option>--user</option> option) or in containers and is equivalent to + <command>poweroff</command> otherwise. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the exit + operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete.</para> + + <para>The service manager will exit with the specified exit code, if + <replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable> is passed.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>switch-root</command> <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT</replaceable></optional></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a new system manager process below it. This is + intended for usage in initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will transition from the initrd's system manager + process (a.k.a. "init" process) to the main system manager process which is loaded from the actual host + volume. This call takes two arguments: the directory that is to become the new root directory, and the path + to the new system manager binary below it to execute as PID 1. If the latter is omitted or the empty + string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for and used as init. If the system manager path is + omitted, equal to the empty string or identical to the path to the systemd binary, the state of the + initrd's system manager process is passed to the main system manager, which allows later introspection of + the state of the services involved in the initrd boot phase.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>suspend</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit + <filename>suspend.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the suspend + operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the suspend/resume cycle to complete.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>hibernate</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit + <filename>hibernate.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hibernation + operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit + <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid + sleep operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up cycle to complete.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><command>suspend-then-hibernate</command></term> + + <listitem> + <para>Suspend the system and hibernate it after the delay specified in <filename>systemd-sleep.conf</filename>. + This will trigger activation of the special target unit <filename>suspend-then-hibernate.target</filename>. + This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid sleep operation is successfully enqueued. + It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up or hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para> + </listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + </refsect2> + + <refsect2> + <title>Parameter Syntax</title> + + <para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name (designated as <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>), + or multiple unit specifications (designated as <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…). In the first case, the + unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix is not specified (unit name is "abbreviated"), + systemctl will append a suitable suffix, <literal>.service</literal> by default, and a type-specific suffix in + case of commands which operate only on specific unit types. For example, + <programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and + <programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting> + are equivalent, as are + <programlisting># systemctl isolate default</programlisting> + and + <programlisting># systemctl isolate default.target</programlisting> + Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically converted to device unit names, and other (absolute) + paths to mount unit names. + <programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda +# systemctl status /home</programlisting> + are equivalent to: + <programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device +# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting> + In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against the primary names of all units currently in memory; + literal unit names, with or without a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that literal unit + names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs may match zero units and this is not considered an + error.</para> + + <para>Glob patterns use + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fnmatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and + <literal>*</literal>, <literal>?</literal>, + <literal>[]</literal> may be used. See + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> + for more details. The patterns are matched against the primary names of + units currently in memory, and patterns which do not match anything + are silently skipped. For example: + <programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service</programlisting> + will stop all <filename>sshd@.service</filename> instances. Note that alias names of units, and units that aren't + in memory are not considered for glob expansion. + </para> + + <para>For unit file commands, the specified <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> should be the name of the unit file + (possibly abbreviated, see above), or the absolute path to the unit file: + <programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service</programlisting> + or + <programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting> + </para> + </refsect2> + + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Exit status</title> + + <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para> + + <para><command>systemctl</command> uses the return codes defined by LSB, as defined in + <ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-PDA/LSB-PDA/iniscrptact.html">LSB 3.0.0</ulink>. + </para> + + <table> + <title>LSB return codes</title> + + <tgroup cols='3'> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Value</entry> + <entry>Description in LSB</entry> + <entry>Use in systemd</entry> + </row> + </thead> + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><constant>0</constant></entry> + <entry>"program is running or service is OK"</entry> + <entry>unit is active</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>1</constant></entry> + <entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/run</filename> pid file exists"</entry> + <entry>unit <emphasis>not</emphasis> failed (used by <command>is-failed</command>)</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>2</constant></entry> + <entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/lock</filename> lock file exists"</entry> + <entry>unused</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>3</constant></entry> + <entry>"program is not running"</entry> + <entry>unit is not active</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><constant>4</constant></entry> + <entry>"program or service status is unknown"</entry> + <entry>no such unit</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> + </table> + + <para>The mapping of LSB service states to systemd unit states is imperfect, so it is better to + not rely on those return values but to look for specific unit states and substates instead. + </para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Environment</title> + + <variablelist class='environment-variables'> + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Editor to use when editing units; overrides + <varname>$EDITOR</varname> and <varname>$VISUAL</varname>. If neither + <varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname> nor <varname>$EDITOR</varname> nor + <varname>$VISUAL</varname> are present or if it is set to an empty + string or if their execution failed, systemctl will try to execute well + known editors in this order: + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>editor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + </variablelist> + <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="pager"/> + <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="less"/> + <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="lesscharset"/> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |