Adding upstream version 2:8.1.0875.upstream/2%8.1.0875upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+*if_pyth.txt*   For Vim version 8.1.  Last change: 2018 Jan 30
+
+
+		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Paul Moore
+
+
+The Python Interface to Vim				*python* *Python*
+
+1. Commands					|python-commands|
+2. The vim module				|python-vim|
+3. Buffer objects				|python-buffer|
+4. Range objects				|python-range|
+5. Window objects				|python-window|
+6. Tab page objects				|python-tabpage|
+7. vim.bindeval objects				|python-bindeval-objects|
+8. pyeval(), py3eval() Vim functions		|python-pyeval|
+9. Dynamic loading				|python-dynamic|
+10. Python 3					|python3|
+11. Python X					|python_x|
+12. Building with Python support		|python-building|
+
+{Vi does not have any of these commands}
+
+The Python 2.x interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the
+|+python| feature.
+The Python 3 interface is available only when Vim was compiled with the
+|+python3| feature.
+Both can be available at the same time, but read |python-2-and-3|.
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Commands						*python-commands*
+
+					*:python* *:py* *E263* *E264* *E887*
+:[range]py[thon] {stmt}
+			Execute Python statement {stmt}.  A simple check if
+			the `:python` command is working: >
+				:python print "Hello"
+
+:[range]py[thon] << {endmarker}
+{script}
+{endmarker}
+			Execute Python script {script}.
+			Note: This command doesn't work when the Python
+			feature wasn't compiled in.  To avoid errors, see
+			|script-here|.
+
+{endmarker} must NOT be preceded by any white space.  If {endmarker} is
+omitted from after the "<<", a dot '.' must be used after {script}, like
+for the |:append| and |:insert| commands.
+This form of the |:python| command is mainly useful for including python code
+in Vim scripts.
+
+Example: >
+	function! IcecreamInitialize()
+	python << EOF
+	class StrawberryIcecream:
+		def __call__(self):
+			print 'EAT ME'
+	EOF
+	endfunction
+
+To see what version of Python you have: >
+	:python print(sys.version)
+
+There is no need to import sys, it's done by default.
+
+Note: Python is very sensitive to the indenting.  Make sure the "class" line
+and "EOF" do not have any indent.
+
+							*:pydo*
+:[range]pydo {body}	Execute Python function "def _vim_pydo(line, linenr):
+			{body}" for each line in the [range], with the
+			function arguments being set to the text of each line
+			in turn, without a trailing <EOL>, and the current
+			line number. The function should return a string or
+			None. If a string is returned, it becomes the text of
+			the line in the current turn. The default for [range]
+			is the whole file: "1,$".
+			{not in Vi}
+
+Examples:
+>
+	:pydo return "%s\t%d" % (line[::-1], len(line))
+	:pydo if line: return "%4d: %s" % (linenr, line)
+<
+One can use `:pydo` in possible conjunction with `:py` to filter a range using
+python. For example: >
+
+	:py3 << EOF
+	needle = vim.eval('@a')
+	replacement = vim.eval('@b')
+
+	def py_vim_string_replace(str):
+		return str.replace(needle, replacement)
+	EOF
+	:'<,'>py3do return py_vim_string_replace(line)
+<
+							*:pyfile* *:pyf*
+:[range]pyf[ile] {file}
+			Execute the Python script in {file}.  The whole
+			argument is used as a single file name.  {not in Vi}
+
+Both of these commands do essentially the same thing - they execute a piece of
+Python code, with the "current range" |python-range| set to the given line
+range.
+
+In the case of :python, the code to execute is in the command-line.
+In the case of :pyfile, the code to execute is the contents of the given file.
+
+Python commands cannot be used in the |sandbox|.
+
+To pass arguments you need to set sys.argv[] explicitly.  Example: >
+
+	:python sys.argv = ["foo", "bar"]
+	:pyfile myscript.py
+
+Here are some examples					*python-examples*  >
+
+	:python from vim import *
+	:python from string import upper
+	:python current.line = upper(current.line)
+	:python print "Hello"
+	:python str = current.buffer[42]
+
+(Note that changes - like the imports - persist from one command to the next,
+just like in the Python interpreter.)
+
+==============================================================================
+2. The vim module					*python-vim*
+
+Python code gets all of its access to vim (with one exception - see
+|python-output| below) via the "vim" module.  The vim module implements two
+methods, three constants, and one error object.  You need to import the vim
+module before using it: >
+	:python import vim
+
+Overview >
+	:py print "Hello"		# displays a message
+	:py vim.command(cmd)		# execute an Ex command
+	:py w = vim.windows[n]		# gets window "n"
+	:py cw = vim.current.window	# gets the current window
+	:py b = vim.buffers[n]		# gets buffer "n"
+	:py cb = vim.current.buffer	# gets the current buffer
+	:py w.height = lines		# sets the window height
+	:py w.cursor = (row, col)	# sets the window cursor position
+	:py pos = w.cursor		# gets a tuple (row, col)
+	:py name = b.name		# gets the buffer file name
+	:py line = b[n]			# gets a line from the buffer
+	:py lines = b[n:m]		# gets a list of lines
+	:py num = len(b)		# gets the number of lines
+	:py b[n] = str			# sets a line in the buffer
+	:py b[n:m] = [str1, str2, str3]	# sets a number of lines at once
+	:py del b[n]			# deletes a line
+	:py del b[n:m]			# deletes a number of lines
+
+
+Methods of the "vim" module
+
+vim.command(str)					*python-command*
+	Executes the vim (ex-mode) command str.  Returns None.
+	Examples: >
+	    :py vim.command("set tw=72")
+	    :py vim.command("%s/aaa/bbb/g")
+<	The following definition executes Normal mode commands: >
+		def normal(str):
+			vim.command("normal "+str)
+		# Note the use of single quotes to delimit a string containing
+		# double quotes
+		normal('"a2dd"aP')
+<								*E659*
+	The ":python" command cannot be used recursively with Python 2.2 and
+	older.  This only works with Python 2.3 and later: >
+	    :py vim.command("python print 'Hello again Python'")
+
+vim.eval(str)						*python-eval*
+	Evaluates the expression str using the vim internal expression
+	evaluator (see |expression|).  Returns the expression result as:
+	- a string if the Vim expression evaluates to a string or number
+	- a list if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim list
+	- a dictionary if the Vim expression evaluates to a Vim dictionary
+	Dictionaries and lists are recursively expanded.
+	Examples: >
+	    :" value of the 'textwidth' option
+	    :py text_width = vim.eval("&tw")
+	    :
+	    :" contents of the 'a' register
+	    :py a_reg = vim.eval("@a") 
+	    :
+	    :" Result is a string! Use string.atoi() to convert to a number.
+	    :py str = vim.eval("12+12")
+	    :
+	    :py tagList = vim.eval('taglist("eval_expr")')
+<	The latter will return a python list of python dicts, for instance:
+	[{'cmd': '/^eval_expr(arg, nextcmd)$/', 'static': 0, 'name': ~
+	'eval_expr', 'kind': 'f', 'filename': './src/eval.c'}] ~
+
+vim.bindeval(str)					*python-bindeval*
+	Like |python-eval|, but returns special objects described in 
+	|python-bindeval-objects|. These python objects let you modify (|List| 
+	or |Dictionary|) or call (|Funcref|) vim objects.
+
+vim.strwidth(str)					*python-strwidth*
+	Like |strwidth()|: returns number of display cells str occupies, tab 
+	is counted as one cell.
+
+vim.foreach_rtp(callable)				*python-foreach_rtp*
+	Call the given callable for each path in 'runtimepath' until either 
+	callable returns something but None, the exception is raised or there 
+	are no longer paths. If stopped in case callable returned non-None, 
+	vim.foreach_rtp function returns the value returned by callable.
+
+vim.chdir(*args, **kwargs)				*python-chdir*
+vim.fchdir(*args, **kwargs)				*python-fchdir*
+	Run os.chdir or os.fchdir, then all appropriate vim stuff.
+	Note: you should not use these functions directly, use os.chdir and 
+	      os.fchdir instead. Behavior of vim.fchdir is undefined in case 
+	      os.fchdir does not exist.
+
+Error object of the "vim" module
+
+vim.error						*python-error*
+	Upon encountering a Vim error, Python raises an exception of type
+	vim.error.
+	Example: >
+		try:
+			vim.command("put a")
+		except vim.error:
+			# nothing in register a
+
+Constants of the "vim" module
+
+	Note that these are not actually constants - you could reassign them.
+	But this is silly, as you would then lose access to the vim objects
+	to which the variables referred.
+
+vim.buffers						*python-buffers*
+	A mapping object providing access to the list of vim buffers.  The
+	object supports the following operations: >
+	    :py b = vim.buffers[i]	# Indexing (read-only)
+	    :py b in vim.buffers	# Membership test
+	    :py n = len(vim.buffers)	# Number of elements
+	    :py for b in vim.buffers:	# Iterating over buffer list
+<
+vim.windows						*python-windows*
+	A sequence object providing access to the list of vim windows.  The
+	object supports the following operations: >
+	    :py w = vim.windows[i]	# Indexing (read-only)
+	    :py w in vim.windows	# Membership test
+	    :py n = len(vim.windows)	# Number of elements
+	    :py for w in vim.windows:	# Sequential access
+<	Note: vim.windows object always accesses current tab page. 
+	|python-tabpage|.windows objects are bound to parent |python-tabpage| 
+	object and always use windows from that tab page (or throw vim.error 
+	in case tab page was deleted). You can keep a reference to both 
+	without keeping a reference to vim module object or |python-tabpage|, 
+	they will not lose their properties in this case.
+
+vim.tabpages						*python-tabpages*
+	A sequence object providing access to the list of vim tab pages. The 
+	object supports the following operations: >
+	    :py t = vim.tabpages[i]	# Indexing (read-only)
+	    :py t in vim.tabpages	# Membership test
+	    :py n = len(vim.tabpages)	# Number of elements
+	    :py for t in vim.tabpages:	# Sequential access
+<
+vim.current						*python-current*
+	An object providing access (via specific attributes) to various
+	"current" objects available in vim:
+		vim.current.line	The current line (RW)		String
+		vim.current.buffer	The current buffer (RW)		Buffer
+		vim.current.window	The current window (RW)		Window
+		vim.current.tabpage	The current tab page (RW)	TabPage
+		vim.current.range	The current line range (RO)	Range
+
+	The last case deserves a little explanation.  When the :python or
+	:pyfile command specifies a range, this range of lines becomes the
+	"current range".  A range is a bit like a buffer, but with all access
+	restricted to a subset of lines.  See |python-range| for more details.
+
+	Note: When assigning to vim.current.{buffer,window,tabpage} it expects 
+	valid |python-buffer|, |python-window| or |python-tabpage| objects 
+	respectively. Assigning triggers normal (with |autocommand|s) 
+	switching to given buffer, window or tab page. It is the only way to 
+	switch UI objects in python: you can't assign to 
+	|python-tabpage|.window attribute. To switch without triggering 
+	autocommands use >
+	    py << EOF
+	    saved_eventignore = vim.options['eventignore']
+	    vim.options['eventignore'] = 'all'
+	    try:
+	        vim.current.buffer = vim.buffers[2] # Switch to buffer 2
+	    finally:
+	        vim.options['eventignore'] = saved_eventignore
+	    EOF
+<
+vim.vars						*python-vars*
+vim.vvars						*python-vvars*
+	Dictionary-like objects holding dictionaries with global (|g:|) and 
+	vim (|v:|) variables respectively. Identical to `vim.bindeval("g:")`, 
+	but faster.
+
+vim.options						*python-options*
+	Object partly supporting mapping protocol (supports setting and 
+	getting items) providing a read-write access to global options.
+	Note: unlike |:set| this provides access only to global options. You
+	cannot use this object to obtain or set local options' values or
+	access local-only options in any fashion. Raises KeyError if no global
+	option with such name exists (i.e. does not raise KeyError for
+	|global-local| options and global only options, but does for window-
+	and buffer-local ones).  Use |python-buffer| objects to access to
+	buffer-local options and |python-window| objects to access to
+	window-local options.
+
+	Type of this object is available via "Options" attribute of vim 
+	module.
+
+Output from Python					*python-output*
+	Vim displays all Python code output in the Vim message area.  Normal
+	output appears as information messages, and error output appears as
+	error messages.
+
+	In implementation terms, this means that all output to sys.stdout
+	(including the output from print statements) appears as information
+	messages, and all output to sys.stderr (including error tracebacks)
+	appears as error messages.
+
+							*python-input*
+	Input (via sys.stdin, including input() and raw_input()) is not
+	supported, and may cause the program to crash.  This should probably be
+	fixed.
+
+		    *python2-directory* *python3-directory* *pythonx-directory*
+Python 'runtimepath' handling				*python-special-path*
+
+In python vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH special directory is used as a replacement for 
+the list of paths found in 'runtimepath': with this directory in sys.path and 
+vim.path_hooks in sys.path_hooks python will try to load module from 
+{rtp}/python2 (or python3) and {rtp}/pythonx (for both python versions) for 
+each {rtp} found in 'runtimepath'.
+
+Implementation is similar to the following, but written in C: >
+
+    from imp import find_module, load_module
+    import vim
+    import sys
+
+    class VimModuleLoader(object):
+        def __init__(self, module):
+            self.module = module
+
+        def load_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+            return self.module
+
+    def _find_module(fullname, oldtail, path):
+        idx = oldtail.find('.')
+        if idx > 0:
+            name = oldtail[:idx]
+            tail = oldtail[idx+1:]
+            fmr = find_module(name, path)
+            module = load_module(fullname[:-len(oldtail)] + name, *fmr)
+            return _find_module(fullname, tail, module.__path__)
+        else:
+            fmr = find_module(fullname, path)
+            return load_module(fullname, *fmr)
+
+    # It uses vim module itself in place of VimPathFinder class: it does not 
+    # matter for python which object has find_module function attached to as 
+    # an attribute.
+    class VimPathFinder(object):
+        @classmethod
+        def find_module(cls, fullname, path=None):
+            try:
+                return VimModuleLoader(_find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths()))
+            except ImportError:
+                return None
+
+        @classmethod
+        def load_module(cls, fullname, path=None):
+            return _find_module(fullname, fullname, path or vim._get_paths())
+
+    def hook(path):
+        if path == vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH:
+            return VimPathFinder
+        else:
+            raise ImportError
+
+    sys.path_hooks.append(hook)
+
+vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH					*python-VIM_SPECIAL_PATH*
+	String constant used in conjunction with vim path hook. If path hook 
+	installed by vim is requested to handle anything but path equal to 
+	vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH constant it raises ImportError. In the only other 
+	case it uses special loader.
+
+	Note: you must not use value of this constant directly, always use 
+	      vim.VIM_SPECIAL_PATH object.
+
+vim.find_module(...)					*python-find_module*
+vim.path_hook(path)					*python-path_hook*
+	Methods or objects used to implement path loading as described above. 
+	You should not be using any of these directly except for vim.path_hook 
+	in case you need to do something with sys.meta_path. It is not 
+	guaranteed that any of the objects will exist in the future vim 
+	versions.
+
+vim._get_paths						*python-_get_paths*
+	Methods returning a list of paths which will be searched for by path 
+	hook. You should not rely on this method being present in future 
+	versions, but can use it for debugging.
+
+	It returns a list of {rtp}/python2 (or {rtp}/python3) and 
+	{rtp}/pythonx directories for each {rtp} in 'runtimepath'.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Buffer objects					*python-buffer*
+
+Buffer objects represent vim buffers.  You can obtain them in a number of ways:
+	- via vim.current.buffer (|python-current|)
+	- from indexing vim.buffers (|python-buffers|)
+	- from the "buffer" attribute of a window (|python-window|)
+
+Buffer objects have two read-only attributes - name - the full file name for
+the buffer, and number - the buffer number.  They also have three methods
+(append, mark, and range; see below).
+
+You can also treat buffer objects as sequence objects.  In this context, they
+act as if they were lists (yes, they are mutable) of strings, with each
+element being a line of the buffer.  All of the usual sequence operations,
+including indexing, index assignment, slicing and slice assignment, work as
+you would expect.  Note that the result of indexing (slicing) a buffer is a
+string (list of strings).  This has one unusual consequence - b[:] is different
+from b.  In particular, "b[:] = None" deletes the whole of the buffer, whereas
+"b = None" merely updates the variable b, with no effect on the buffer.
+
+Buffer indexes start at zero, as is normal in Python.  This differs from vim
+line numbers, which start from 1.  This is particularly relevant when dealing
+with marks (see below) which use vim line numbers.
+
+The buffer object attributes are:
+	b.vars		Dictionary-like object used to access 
+			|buffer-variable|s.
+	b.options	Mapping object (supports item getting, setting and 
+			deleting) that provides access to buffer-local options 
+			and buffer-local values of |global-local| options. Use 
+			|python-window|.options if option is window-local, 
+			this object will raise KeyError. If option is 
+			|global-local| and local value is missing getting it 
+			will return None.
+	b.name		String, RW. Contains buffer name (full path).
+			Note: when assigning to b.name |BufFilePre| and 
+			|BufFilePost| autocommands are launched.
+	b.number	Buffer number. Can be used as |python-buffers| key.
+			Read-only.
+	b.valid		True or False. Buffer object becomes invalid when 
+			corresponding buffer is wiped out.
+
+The buffer object methods are:
+	b.append(str)	Append a line to the buffer
+	b.append(str, nr)  Idem, below line "nr"
+	b.append(list)	Append a list of lines to the buffer
+			Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
+			the append method differs from the equivalent method
+			for Python's built-in list objects.
+	b.append(list, nr)  Idem, below line "nr"
+	b.mark(name)	Return a tuple (row,col) representing the position
+			of the named mark (can also get the []"<> marks)
+	b.range(s,e)	Return a range object (see |python-range|) which
+			represents the part of the given buffer between line
+			numbers s and e |inclusive|.
+
+Note that when adding a line it must not contain a line break character '\n'.
+A trailing '\n' is allowed and ignored, so that you can do: >
+	:py b.append(f.readlines())
+
+Buffer object type is available using "Buffer" attribute of vim module.
+
+Examples (assume b is the current buffer) >
+	:py print b.name		# write the buffer file name
+	:py b[0] = "hello!!!"		# replace the top line
+	:py b[:] = None			# delete the whole buffer
+	:py del b[:]			# delete the whole buffer
+	:py b[0:0] = [ "a line" ]	# add a line at the top
+	:py del b[2]			# delete a line (the third)
+	:py b.append("bottom")		# add a line at the bottom
+	:py n = len(b)			# number of lines
+	:py (row,col) = b.mark('a')	# named mark
+	:py r = b.range(1,5)		# a sub-range of the buffer
+	:py b.vars["foo"] = "bar"	# assign b:foo variable
+	:py b.options["ff"] = "dos"	# set fileformat
+	:py del b.options["ar"]		# same as :set autoread<
+
+==============================================================================
+4. Range objects					*python-range*
+
+Range objects represent a part of a vim buffer.  You can obtain them in a
+number of ways:
+	- via vim.current.range (|python-current|)
+	- from a buffer's range() method (|python-buffer|)
+
+A range object is almost identical in operation to a buffer object.  However,
+all operations are restricted to the lines within the range (this line range
+can, of course, change as a result of slice assignments, line deletions, or
+the range.append() method).
+
+The range object attributes are:
+	r.start		Index of first line into the buffer
+	r.end		Index of last line into the buffer
+
+The range object methods are:
+	r.append(str)	Append a line to the range
+	r.append(str, nr)  Idem, after line "nr"
+	r.append(list)	Append a list of lines to the range
+			Note that the option of supplying a list of strings to
+			the append method differs from the equivalent method
+			for Python's built-in list objects.
+	r.append(list, nr)  Idem, after line "nr"
+
+Range object type is available using "Range" attribute of vim module.
+
+Example (assume r is the current range):
+	# Send all lines in a range to the default printer
+	vim.command("%d,%dhardcopy!" % (r.start+1,r.end+1))
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Window objects					*python-window*
+
+Window objects represent vim windows.  You can obtain them in a number of ways:
+	- via vim.current.window (|python-current|)
+	- from indexing vim.windows (|python-windows|)
+	- from indexing "windows" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|)
+	- from the "window" attribute of a tab page (|python-tabpage|)
+
+You can manipulate window objects only through their attributes.  They have no
+methods, and no sequence or other interface.
+
+Window attributes are:
+	buffer (read-only)	The buffer displayed in this window
+	cursor (read-write)	The current cursor position in the window
+				This is a tuple, (row,col).
+	height (read-write)	The window height, in rows
+	width (read-write)	The window width, in columns
+	vars (read-only)	The window |w:| variables. Attribute is 
+				unassignable, but you can change window 
+				variables this way
+	options (read-only)	The window-local options. Attribute is 
+				unassignable, but you can change window 
+				options this way. Provides access only to 
+				window-local options, for buffer-local use 
+				|python-buffer| and for global ones use 
+				|python-options|. If option is |global-local| 
+				and local value is missing getting it will 
+				return None.
+	number (read-only)	Window number.  The first window has number 1.
+				This is zero in case it cannot be determined
+				(e.g. when the window object belongs to other
+				tab page).
+	row, col (read-only)	On-screen window position in display cells.
+				First position is zero.
+	tabpage (read-only)	Window tab page.
+	valid (read-write)	True or False. Window object becomes invalid 
+				when corresponding window is closed.
+
+The height attribute is writable only if the screen is split horizontally.
+The width attribute is writable only if the screen is split vertically.
+
+Window object type is available using "Window" attribute of vim module.
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Tab page objects					*python-tabpage*
+
+Tab page objects represent vim tab pages. You can obtain them in a number of 
+ways:
+	- via vim.current.tabpage (|python-current|)
+	- from indexing vim.tabpages (|python-tabpages|)
+
+You can use this object to access tab page windows. They have no methods and 
+no sequence or other interfaces.
+
+Tab page attributes are:
+	number		The tab page number like the one returned by 
+			|tabpagenr()|.
+	windows		Like |python-windows|, but for current tab page.
+	vars		The tab page |t:| variables.
+	window		Current tabpage window.
+	valid		True or False. Tab page object becomes invalid when 
+			corresponding tab page is closed.
+
+TabPage object type is available using "TabPage" attribute of vim module.
+
+==============================================================================
+7. vim.bindeval objects				*python-bindeval-objects*
+
+vim.Dictionary object				*python-Dictionary*
+    Dictionary-like object providing access to vim |Dictionary| type.
+    Attributes:
+        Attribute  Description ~
+        locked     One of                       *python-.locked*
+                    Value           Description ~
+                    zero            Variable is not locked
+                    vim.VAR_LOCKED  Variable is locked, but can be unlocked
+                    vim.VAR_FIXED   Variable is locked and can't be unlocked
+                   Read-write. You can unlock locked variable by assigning 
+                   `True` or `False` to this attribute. No recursive locking 
+                   is supported.
+        scope      One of
+                    Value              Description ~
+                    zero               Dictionary is not a scope one
+                    vim.VAR_DEF_SCOPE  |g:| or |l:| dictionary
+                    vim.VAR_SCOPE      Other scope dictionary,
+                                       see |internal-variables|
+    Methods (note: methods do not support keyword arguments):
+        Method      Description ~
+        keys()      Returns a list with dictionary keys.
+        values()    Returns a list with dictionary values.
+        items()     Returns a list of 2-tuples with dictionary contents.
+        update(iterable), update(dictionary), update(**kwargs)
+                    Adds keys to dictionary.
+        get(key[, default=None])
+                    Obtain key from dictionary, returning the default if it is 
+                    not present.
+        pop(key[, default])
+                    Remove specified key from dictionary and return 
+                    corresponding value. If key is not found and default is 
+                    given returns the default, otherwise raises KeyError.
+        popitem()
+                    Remove random key from dictionary and return (key, value) 
+                    pair.
+        has_key(key)
+                    Check whether dictionary contains specified key, similar 
+                    to `key in dict`.
+
+        __new__(), __new__(iterable), __new__(dictionary), __new__(update)
+                    You can use `vim.Dictionary()` to create new vim 
+                    dictionaries. `d=vim.Dictionary(arg)` is the same as 
+                    `d=vim.bindeval('{}');d.update(arg)`. Without arguments 
+                    constructs empty dictionary.
+
+    Examples: >
+        d = vim.Dictionary(food="bar")		# Constructor
+        d['a'] = 'b'				# Item assignment
+        print d['a']				# getting item
+        d.update({'c': 'd'})			# .update(dictionary)
+        d.update(e='f')				# .update(**kwargs)
+        d.update((('g', 'h'), ('i', 'j')))	# .update(iterable)
+        for key in d.keys():			# .keys()
+        for val in d.values():			# .values()
+        for key, val in d.items():		# .items()
+        print isinstance(d, vim.Dictionary)	# True
+        for key in d:				# Iteration over keys
+        class Dict(vim.Dictionary):		# Subclassing
+<
+    Note: when iterating over keys you should not modify dictionary.
+
+vim.List object					*python-List*
+    Sequence-like object providing access to vim |List| type.
+    Supports `.locked` attribute, see |python-.locked|. Also supports the 
+    following methods:
+        Method          Description ~
+        extend(item)    Add items to the list.
+
+        __new__(), __new__(iterable)
+                        You can use `vim.List()` to create new vim lists. 
+                        `l=vim.List(iterable)` is the same as 
+                        `l=vim.bindeval('[]');l.extend(iterable)`. Without 
+                        arguments constructs empty list.
+    Examples: >
+        l = vim.List("abc")		# Constructor, result: ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        l.extend(['abc', 'def'])	# .extend() method
+        print l[1:]			# slicing
+        l[:0] = ['ghi', 'jkl']		# slice assignment
+        print l[0]			# getting item
+        l[0] = 'mno'			# assignment
+        for i in l:			# iteration
+        print isinstance(l, vim.List)	# True
+        class List(vim.List):		# Subclassing
+
+vim.Function object				*python-Function*
+    Function-like object, acting like vim |Funcref| object. Accepts special 
+    keyword argument `self`, see |Dictionary-function|. You can also use 
+    `vim.Function(name)` constructor, it is the same as 
+    `vim.bindeval('function(%s)'%json.dumps(name))`.
+
+    Attributes (read-only):
+        Attribute    Description ~
+        name         Function name.
+        args         `None` or a |python-List| object with arguments.  Note 
+                     that this is a copy of the arguments list, constructed 
+                     each time you request this attribute. Modifications made 
+                     to the list will be ignored (but not to the containers 
+                     inside argument list: this is like |copy()| and not 
+                     |deepcopy()|).
+        self         `None` or a |python-Dictionary| object with self 
+                     dictionary. Note that explicit `self` keyword used when 
+                     calling resulting object overrides this attribute.
+        auto_rebind  Boolean. True if partial created from this Python object 
+                     and stored in the Vim script dictionary should be
+                     automatically rebound to the dictionary it is stored in
+                     when this dictionary is indexed. Exposes Vim internal
+                     difference between `dict.func` (auto_rebind=True) and
+                     `function(dict.func,dict)` (auto_rebind=False). This
+                     attribute makes no sense if `self` attribute is `None`.
+
+    Constructor additionally accepts `args`, `self` and `auto_rebind` 
+    keywords.  If `args` and/or `self` argument is given then it constructs 
+    a partial, see |function()|.  `auto_rebind` is only used when `self` 
+    argument is given, otherwise it is assumed to be `True` regardless of 
+    whether it was given or not.  If `self` is given then it defaults to 
+    `False`.
+
+    Examples: >
+        f = vim.Function('tr')			# Constructor
+        print f('abc', 'a', 'b')		# Calls tr('abc', 'a', 'b')
+        vim.command('''
+            function DictFun() dict
+                return self
+            endfunction
+        ''')
+        f = vim.bindeval('function("DictFun")')
+        print f(self={})			# Like call('DictFun', [], {})
+        print isinstance(f, vim.Function)	# True
+
+        p = vim.Function('DictFun', self={})
+        print f()
+        p = vim.Function('tr', args=['abc', 'a'])
+        print f('b')
+
+==============================================================================
+8. pyeval() and py3eval() Vim functions			*python-pyeval*
+
+To facilitate bi-directional interface, you can use |pyeval()| and |py3eval()| 
+functions to evaluate Python expressions and pass their values to Vim script.
+|pyxeval()| is also available.
+
+The Python value "None" is converted to v:none.
+
+==============================================================================
+9. Dynamic loading					*python-dynamic*
+
+On MS-Windows and Unix the Python library can be loaded dynamically.  The
+|:version| output then includes |+python/dyn| or |+python3/dyn|.
+
+This means that Vim will search for the Python DLL or shared library file only
+when needed.  When you don't use the Python interface you don't need it, thus
+you can use Vim without this file.
+
+
+MS-Windows ~
+
+To use the Python interface the Python DLL must be in your search path.  In a
+console window type "path" to see what directories are used.  The 'pythondll'
+or 'pythonthreedll' option can be also used to specify the Python DLL.
+
+The name of the DLL should match the Python version Vim was compiled with.
+Currently the name for Python 2 is "python27.dll", that is for Python 2.7.
+That is the default value for 'pythondll'.  For Python 3 it is python36.dll
+(Python 3.6).  To know for sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for
+"python\d*.dll\c".
+
+
+Unix ~
+
+The 'pythondll' or 'pythonthreedll' option can be used to specify the Python
+shared library file instead of DYNAMIC_PYTHON_DLL or DYNAMIC_PYTHON3_DLL file
+what were specified at compile time.  The version of the shared library must
+match the Python 2.x or Python 3 version Vim was compiled with.
+
+==============================================================================
+10. Python 3						*python3*
+
+							*:py3* *:python3*
+The `:py3` and `:python3` commands work similar to `:python`.  A simple check
+if the `:py3` command is working: >
+	:py3 print("Hello")
+
+To see what version of Python you have: >
+	:py3 import sys
+	:py3 print(sys.version)
+<							*:py3file*
+The `:py3file` command works similar to `:pyfile`.
+							*:py3do*
+The `:py3do` command works similar to `:pydo`.
+
+
+Vim can be built in four ways (:version output):
+1. No Python support	    (-python, -python3)
+2. Python 2 support only    (+python or +python/dyn, -python3)
+3. Python 3 support only    (-python, +python3 or +python3/dyn)
+4. Python 2 and 3 support   (+python/dyn, +python3/dyn)
+
+Some more details on the special case 4:  *python-2-and-3*
+
+When Python 2 and Python 3 are both supported they must be loaded dynamically.
+
+When doing this on Linux/Unix systems and importing global symbols, this leads
+to a crash when the second Python version is used.  So either global symbols
+are loaded but only one Python version is activated, or no global symbols are
+loaded. The latter makes Python's "import" fail on libraries that expect the
+symbols to be provided by Vim.
+							*E836* *E837*
+Vim's configuration script makes a guess for all libraries based on one
+standard Python library (termios).  If importing this library succeeds for
+both Python versions, then both will be made available in Vim at the same
+time.  If not, only the version first used in a session will be enabled.
+When trying to use the other one you will get the E836 or E837 error message.
+
+Here Vim's behavior depends on the system in which it was configured.  In a
+system where both versions of Python were configured with --enable-shared,
+both versions of Python will be activated at the same time.  There will still
+be problems with other third party libraries that were not linked to
+libPython.
+
+To work around such problems there are these options:
+1. The problematic library is recompiled to link to the according
+   libpython.so.
+2. Vim is recompiled for only one Python version.
+3. You undefine PY_NO_RTLD_GLOBAL in auto/config.h after configuration.  This
+   may crash Vim though.
+
+							*E880*
+Raising SystemExit exception in python isn't endorsed way to quit vim, use: >
+	:py vim.command("qall!")
+<
+
+							*has-python*
+You can test what Python version is available with: >
+	if has('python')
+	  echo 'there is Python 2.x'
+	endif
+  	if has('python3')
+	  echo 'there is Python 3.x'
+	endif
+
+Note however, that when Python 2 and 3 are both available and loaded
+dynamically, these has() calls will try to load them.  If only one can be
+loaded at a time, just checking if Python 2 or 3 are available will prevent
+the other one from being available.
+
+To avoid loading the dynamic library, only check if Vim was compiled with
+python support: >
+	if has('python_compiled')
+	  echo 'compiled with Python 2.x support'
+	  if has('python_dynamic')
+	    echo 'Python 2.x dynamically loaded'
+	  endif
+	endif
+  	if has('python3_compiled')
+	  echo 'compiled with Python 3.x support'
+	  if has('python3_dynamic')
+	    echo 'Python 3.x dynamically loaded'
+	  endif
+	endif
+
+This also tells you whether Python is dynamically loaded, which will fail if
+the runtime library cannot be found.
+
+==============================================================================
+11. Python X						*python_x* *pythonx*
+
+Because most python code can be written so that it works with python 2.6+ and
+python 3 the pyx* functions and commands have been written.  They work exactly
+the same as the Python 2 and 3 variants, but select the Python version using
+the 'pyxversion' setting.
+
+You should set 'pyxversion' in your |.vimrc| to prefer Python 2 or Python 3
+for Python commands. If you change this setting at runtime you may risk that
+state of plugins (such as initialization) may be lost.
+
+If you want to use a module, you can put it in the {rtp}/pythonx directory.
+See |pythonx-directory|.
+
+							*:pyx* *:pythonx*
+The `:pyx` and `:pythonx` commands work similar to `:python`.  A simple check
+if the `:pyx` command is working: >
+	:pyx print("Hello")
+
+To see what version of Python is being used: >
+	:pyx import sys
+	:pyx print(sys.version)
+<
+					*:pyxfile* *python_x-special-comments*
+The `:pyxfile` command works similar to `:pyfile`.  However you can add one of
+these comments to force Vim using `:pyfile` or `:py3file`: >
+  #!/any string/python2		" Shebang. Must be the first line of the file.
+  #!/any string/python3		" Shebang. Must be the first line of the file.
+  # requires python 2.x		" Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'.
+  # requires python 3.x		" Maximum lines depend on 'modelines'.
+Unlike normal modelines, the bottom of the file is not checked.
+If none of them are found, the 'pyxversion' setting is used.
+							*W20* *W21*
+If Vim does not support the selected Python version a silent message will be
+printed.  Use `:messages` to read them.
+
+							*:pyxdo*
+The `:pyxdo` command works similar to `:pydo`.
+
+							*has-pythonx*
+You can test if pyx* commands are available with: >
+	if has('pythonx')
+	  echo 'pyx* commands are available. (Python ' . &pyx . ')'
+	endif
+
+When compiled with only one of |+python| or |+python3|, the has() returns 1.
+When compiled with both |+python| and |+python3|, the test depends on the
+'pyxversion' setting.  If 'pyxversion' is 0, it tests Python 3 first, and if
+it is not available then Python 2.  If 'pyxversion' is 2 or 3, it tests only
+Python 2 or 3 respectively.
+
+Note that for `has('pythonx')` to work it may try to dynamically load Python 3
+or 2.  This may have side effects, especially when Vim can only load one of
+the two.
+
+If a user prefers Python 2 and want to fallback to Python 3, he needs to set
+'pyxversion' explicitly in his |.vimrc|.  E.g.: >
+	if has('python')
+	  set pyx=2
+	elseif has('python3')
+	  set pyx=3
+	endif
+
+==============================================================================
+12. Building with Python support			*python-building*
+
+A few hints for building with Python 2 or 3 support.
+
+UNIX
+
+See src/Makefile for how to enable including the Python interface.
+
+On Ubuntu you will want to install these packages for Python 2:
+	python
+	python-dev
+For Python 3:
+	python3
+	python3-dev
+For Python 3.6:
+	python3.6
+	python3.6-dev
+
+If you have more than one version of Python 3, you need to link python3 to the
+one you prefer, before running configure.
+
+==============================================================================
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: