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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-07 02:04:06 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-07 02:04:06 +0000 |
| commit | 5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8 (patch) | |
| tree | a67c336b406c8227bac912beb74a1ad3cdc55100 /docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | apache2-5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8.tar.xz apache2-5dff2d61cc1c27747ee398e04d8e02843aabb1f8.zip | |
Adding upstream version 2.4.38.upstream/2.4.38upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en | 259 |
1 files changed, 259 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en b/docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f7e806 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual/misc/password_encryptions.html.en @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> +<!-- + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT + XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX + --> +<title>Password Formats - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title> +<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> +<link href="../style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style/css/prettify.css" /> +<script src="../style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> +</script> + +<link href="../images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head> +<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> +<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p> +<img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div> +<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div> +<div id="path"> +<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.4</a> > <a href="./">Miscellaneous Documentation</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Password Formats</h1> +<div class="toplang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div> + + <p>Notes about the password encryption formats generated and understood by + Apache.</p> + </div> +<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basic">Basic Authentication</a></li> +<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#digest">Digest Authentication</a></li> +</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div> +<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="basic" id="basic">Basic Authentication</a></h2> + + <p>There are five formats that Apache recognizes for basic-authentication + passwords. Note that not all formats work on every platform:</p> + + <dl> + <dt>bcrypt</dt> + <dd>"$2y$" + the result of the crypt_blowfish algorithm. + See the APR source file + <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/crypt_blowfish.c?view=markup">crypt_blowfish.c</a> + for the details of the algorithm.</dd> + + <dt>MD5</dt> + <dd>"$apr1$" + the result of an Apache-specific algorithm using an + iterated (1,000 times) MD5 digest of various combinations of a + random 32-bit salt and the password. See the APR source file + <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/apr/apr/trunk/crypto/apr_md5.c?view=markup">apr_md5.c</a> + for the details of the algorithm.</dd> + + <dt>SHA1</dt> + <dd>"{SHA}" + Base64-encoded SHA-1 digest of the password. Insecure.</dd> + + <dt>CRYPT</dt> + <dd>Unix only. Uses the traditional Unix <code>crypt(3)</code> function + with a randomly-generated 32-bit salt (only 12 bits used) and the first 8 + characters of the password. Insecure.</dd> + + <dt>PLAIN TEXT (i.e. <em>unencrypted</em>)</dt> + <dd>Windows & Netware only. Insecure.</dd> + </dl> + + <h3>Generating values with htpasswd</h3> + + <div class="example"><h3>bcrypt</h3><p><code> + $ htpasswd -nbB myName myPassword<br /> + myName:$2y$05$c4WoMPo3SXsafkva.HHa6uXQZWr7oboPiC2bT/r7q1BB8I2s0BRqC + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> + $ htpasswd -nbm myName myPassword<br /> + myName:$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>SHA1</h3><p><code> + $ htpasswd -nbs myName myPassword<br /> + myName:{SHA}VBPuJHI7uixaa6LQGWx4s+5GKNE= + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> + $ htpasswd -nbd myName myPassword<br /> + myName:rqXexS6ZhobKA + </code></p></div> + + + + <h3>Generating CRYPT and MD5 values with the OpenSSL + command-line program</h3> + + + <p>OpenSSL knows the Apache-specific MD5 algorithm.</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> + $ openssl passwd -apr1 myPassword<br /> + $apr1$qHDFfhPC$nITSVHgYbDAK1Y0acGRnY0 + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> + openssl passwd -crypt myPassword<br /> + qQ5vTYO3c8dsU + </code></p></div> + + + <h3>Validating CRYPT or MD5 passwords with the OpenSSL command + line program</h3> + + <p>The salt for a CRYPT password is the first two characters (converted to + a binary value). To validate <code>myPassword</code> against + <code>rqXexS6ZhobKA</code></p> + + <div class="example"><h3>CRYPT</h3><p><code> + $ openssl passwd -crypt -salt rq myPassword<br /> + Warning: truncating password to 8 characters<br /> + rqXexS6ZhobKA + </code></p></div> + + <p>Note that using <code>myPasswo</code> instead of + <code>myPassword</code> will produce the same result because only the + first 8 characters of CRYPT passwords are considered.</p> + + <p>The salt for an MD5 password is between <code>$apr1$</code> and the + following <code>$</code> (as a Base64-encoded binary value - max 8 chars). + To validate <code>myPassword</code> against + <code>$apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/</code></p> + + <div class="example"><h3>MD5</h3><p><code> + $ openssl passwd -apr1 -salt r31..... myPassword<br /> + $apr1$r31.....$HqJZimcKQFAMYayBlzkrA/ + </code></p></div> + + + <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> + <p>The SHA1 variant is probably the most useful format for DBD + authentication. Since the SHA1 and Base64 functions are commonly + available, other software can populate a database with encrypted passwords + that are usable by Apache basic authentication.</p> + + <p>To create Apache SHA1-variant basic-authentication passwords in various + languages:</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> + '{SHA}' . base64_encode(sha1($password, TRUE)) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> + "{SHA}" + new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encode(java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(password.getBytes())) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> + "{SHA}" & ToBase64(BinaryDecode(Hash(password, "SHA1"), "Hex")) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> + require 'digest/sha1'<br /> + require 'base64'<br /> + '{SHA}' + Base64.encode64(Digest::SHA1.digest(password)) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>C or C++</h3><p><code> + Use the APR function: apr_sha1_base64 + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>Python</h3><p><code> + import base64<br /> + import hashlib<br /> + "{SHA}" + format(base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(password).digest())) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions + installed)</h3><p><code> + + '{SHA}'||encode(digest(password,'sha1'),'base64') + </code></p></div> + + + </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="digest" id="digest">Digest Authentication</a></h2> + <p>Apache recognizes one format for + digest-authentication passwords - the MD5 hash of the string + <code>user:realm:password</code> as a 32-character string of hexadecimal + digits. <code>realm</code> is the Authorization Realm argument to the + <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code> directive in + httpd.conf.</p> + + <h3>Database password fields for mod_dbd</h3> + + <p>Since the MD5 function is commonly available, other software can + populate a database with encrypted passwords that are usable by Apache + digest authentication.</p> + + <p>To create Apache digest-authentication passwords in various + languages:</p> + + <div class="example"><h3>PHP</h3><p><code> + md5($user . ':' . $realm . ':' .$password) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>Java</h3><p><code> + byte b[] = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest( (user + ":" + realm + ":" + password ).getBytes());<br /> + java.math.BigInteger bi = new java.math.BigInteger(1, b);<br /> + String s = bi.toString(16);<br /> + while (s.length() < 32)<br /> + <span class="indent"> + s = "0" + s; + </span> + // String s is the encrypted password + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>ColdFusion</h3><p><code> + LCase(Hash( (user & ":" & realm & ":" & password) , "MD5")) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>Ruby</h3><p><code> + require 'digest/md5'<br /> + Digest::MD5.hexdigest(user + ':' + realm + ':' + password) + </code></p></div> + + <div class="example"><h3>PostgreSQL (with the contrib/pgcrypto functions installed)</h3><p><code> + + encode(digest( user || ':' || realm || ':' || password , 'md5'), 'hex') + </code></p></div> + + + </div></div> +<div class="bottomlang"> +<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/misc/password_encryptions.html" title="English"> en </a> | +<a href="../fr/misc/password_encryptions.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p> +</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div> +<script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +var comments_shortname = 'httpd'; +var comments_identifier = 'http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/misc/password_encryptions.html'; +(function(w, d) { + if (w.location.hostname.toLowerCase() == "httpd.apache.org") { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread"><\/div>'); + var s = d.createElement('script'); + s.type = 'text/javascript'; + s.async = true; + s.src = 'https://comments.apache.org/show_comments.lua?site=' + comments_shortname + '&page=' + comments_identifier; + (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); + } + else { + d.write('<div id="comments_thread">Comments are disabled for this page at the moment.<\/div>'); + } +})(window, document); +//--><!]]></script></div><div id="footer"> +<p class="apache">Copyright 2019 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p> +<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- +if (typeof(prettyPrint) !== 'undefined') { + prettyPrint(); +} +//--><!]]></script> +</body></html>
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