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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-05 18:37:14 +0000
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+<!--
+ - Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ -
+ - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ -
+ - See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ - information regarding copyright ownership.
+-->
+
+<!-- Converted by db4-upgrade version 1.0 -->
+<refentry xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.dnssec-keyfromlabel">
+ <info>
+ <date>2014-02-27</date>
+ </info>
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <date>August 27, 2015</date>
+ <corpname>ISC</corpname>
+ <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle><application>dnssec-keyfromlabel</application></refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname><application>dnssec-keyfromlabel</application></refname>
+ <refpurpose>DNSSEC key generation tool</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <docinfo>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2008</year>
+ <year>2009</year>
+ <year>2010</year>
+ <year>2011</year>
+ <year>2012</year>
+ <year>2014</year>
+ <year>2015</year>
+ <year>2016</year>
+ <year>2017</year>
+ <year>2018</year>
+ <year>2019</year>
+ <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ </docinfo>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command>
+ <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">-l <replaceable class="parameter">label</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-3</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-A <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-D sync <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-E <replaceable class="parameter">engine</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-G</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-I <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-k</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-K <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-L <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">nametype</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-P sync <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-V</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-y</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">name</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>
+
+ <para><command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command>
+ generates a key pair of files that referencing a key object stored
+ in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The private key
+ file can be used for DNSSEC signing of zone data as if it were a
+ conventional signing key created by <command>dnssec-keygen</command>,
+ but the key material is stored within the HSM, and the actual signing
+ takes place there.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The <option>name</option> of the key is specified on the command
+ line. This must match the name of the zone for which the key is
+ being generated.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>OPTIONS</title></info>
+
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of
+ <option>algorithm</option> must be one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1,
+ DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256, RSASHA512, ECCGOST,
+ ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519 or ED448.
+ These values are case insensitive.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If no algorithm is specified, then RSASHA1 will be used by
+ default, unless the <option>-3</option> option is specified,
+ in which case NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used instead. (If
+ <option>-3</option> is used and an algorithm is specified,
+ that algorithm will be checked for compatibility with NSEC3.)
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement
+ algorithm, and DSA is recommended.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Note 2: DH automatically sets the -k flag.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-3</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Use an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key.
+ If this option is used and no algorithm is explicitly
+ set on the command line, NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used by
+ default.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-E <replaceable class="parameter">engine</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the cryptographic hardware to use.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults
+ to the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine
+ that can drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service
+ module. When BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
+ (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
+ provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-l <replaceable class="parameter">label</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the label for a key pair in the crypto hardware.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When <acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 is built with OpenSSL-based
+ PKCS#11 support, the label is an arbitrary string that
+ identifies a particular key. It may be preceded by an
+ optional OpenSSL engine name, followed by a colon, as in
+ "pkcs11:<replaceable>keylabel</replaceable>".
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When <acronym>BIND</acronym> 9 is built with native PKCS#11
+ support, the label is a PKCS#11 URI string in the format
+ "pkcs11:<option>keyword</option>=<replaceable>value</replaceable><optional>;<option>keyword</option>=<replaceable>value</replaceable>;...</optional>"
+ Keywords include "token", which identifies the HSM; "object", which
+ identifies the key; and "pin-source", which identifies a file from
+ which the HSM's PIN code can be obtained. The label will be
+ stored in the on-disk "private" file.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If the label contains a
+ <option>pin-source</option> field, tools using the generated
+ key files will be able to use the HSM for signing and other
+ operations without any need for an operator to manually enter
+ a PIN. Note: Making the HSM's PIN accessible in this manner
+ may reduce the security advantage of using an HSM; be sure
+ this is what you want to do before making use of this feature.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">nametype</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of
+ <option>nametype</option> must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC
+ zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with
+ a host (KEY)),
+ USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY).
+ These values are case insensitive.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-C</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Compatibility mode: generates an old-style key, without
+ any metadata. By default, <command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command>
+ will include the key's creation date in the metadata stored
+ with the private key, and other dates may be set there as well
+ (publication date, activation date, etc). Keys that include
+ this data may be incompatible with older versions of BIND; the
+ <option>-C</option> option suppresses them.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have
+ the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
+ The only recognized flags are KSK (Key Signing Key) and REVOKE.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-G</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Generate a key, but do not publish it or sign with it. This
+ option is incompatible with -P and -A.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-h</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
+ <command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-K <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-k</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-L <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted
+ into a DNSKEY RR. If the key is imported into a zone,
+ this is the TTL that will be used for it, unless there was
+ already a DNSKEY RRset in place, in which case the existing TTL
+ would take precedence. Setting the default TTL to
+ <literal>0</literal> or <literal>none</literal> removes it.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">protocol</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the protocol value for the key. The protocol
+ is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC).
+ Other possible values for this argument are listed in
+ RFC 2535 and its successors.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Generate a key as an explicit successor to an existing key.
+ The name, algorithm, size, and type of the key will be set
+ to match the predecessor. The activation date of the new
+ key will be set to the inactivation date of the existing
+ one. The publication date will be set to the activation
+ date minus the prepublication interval, which defaults to
+ 30 days.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Indicates the use of the key. <option>type</option> must be
+ one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default
+ is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate
+ data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the debugging level.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-V</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Prints version information.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-y</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Allows DNSSEC key files to be generated even if the key ID
+ would collide with that of an existing key, in the event of
+ either key being revoked. (This is only safe to use if you
+ are sure you won't be using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance
+ with either of the keys involved.)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>TIMING OPTIONS</title></info>
+
+
+ <para>
+ Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
+ If the argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as
+ an offset from the present time. For convenience, if such an offset
+ is followed by one of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi',
+ then the offset is computed in years (defined as 365 24-hour days,
+ ignoring leap years), months (defined as 30 24-hour days), weeks,
+ days, hours, or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the offset
+ is computed in seconds. To explicitly prevent a date from being
+ set, use 'none' or 'never'.
+ </para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-P <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone.
+ After that date, the key will be included in the zone but will
+ not be used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has
+ not been used, the default is "now".
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-P sync <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match
+ this key are to be published to the zone.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-A <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that
+ date, the key will be included in the zone and used to sign
+ it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been used, the
+ default is "now".
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-R <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that
+ date, the key will be flagged as revoked. It will be included
+ in the zone and will be used to sign it.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-I <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that
+ date, the key will still be included in the zone, but it
+ will not be used to sign it.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-D <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that
+ date, the key will no longer be included in the zone. (It
+ may remain in the key repository, however.)
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-D sync <replaceable class="parameter">date/offset</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match
+ this key are to be deleted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then
+ the publication and activation dates must be separated by at least
+ this much time. If the activation date is specified but the
+ publication date isn't, then the publication date will default
+ to this much time before the activation date; conversely, if
+ the publication date is specified but activation date isn't,
+ then activation will be set to this much time after publication.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another
+ key, then the default prepublication interval is 30 days;
+ otherwise it is zero.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of
+ the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the
+ interval is measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours,
+ or minutes, respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is
+ measured in seconds.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>GENERATED KEY FILES</title></info>
+
+ <para>
+ When <command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command> completes
+ successfully,
+ it prints a string of the form <filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</filename>
+ to the standard output. This is an identification string for
+ the key files it has generated.
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><filename>nnnn</filename> is the key name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><filename>aaa</filename> is the numeric representation
+ of the algorithm.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><filename>iiiii</filename> is the key identifier (or
+ footprint).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para><command>dnssec-keyfromlabel</command>
+ creates two files, with names based
+ on the printed string. <filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key</filename>
+ contains the public key, and
+ <filename>Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private</filename> contains the
+ private key.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>.key</filename> file contains a DNS KEY record
+ that
+ can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE
+ statement).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The <filename>.private</filename> file contains
+ algorithm-specific
+ fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have
+ general read permission.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>
+
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>dnssec-signzone</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>RFC 4034</citetitle>,
+ <citetitle>The PKCS#11 URI Scheme (draft-pechanec-pkcs11uri-13)</citetitle>.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+</refentry>