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+<!DOCTYPE book [
+<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>
+<!--
+ - Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ -
+ - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ -
+ - See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+ - information regarding copyright ownership.
+-->
+
+<!-- Converted by db4-upgrade version 1.0 -->
+<refentry xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.host">
+ <info>
+ <date>2009-01-20</date>
+ </info>
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <corpname>ISC</corpname>
+ <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>host</refname>
+ <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <docinfo>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2000</year>
+ <year>2001</year>
+ <year>2002</year>
+ <year>2004</year>
+ <year>2005</year>
+ <year>2007</year>
+ <year>2008</year>
+ <year>2009</year>
+ <year>2014</year>
+ <year>2015</year>
+ <year>2016</year>
+ <year>2017</year>
+ <year>2018</year>
+ <year>2019</year>
+ <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ </docinfo>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
+ <command>host</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-aCdlnrsTUwv</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">ndots</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">number</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-W <replaceable class="parameter">wait</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
+ <group choice="opt" rep="norepeat">
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-4</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-6</option></arg>
+ </group>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-V</option></arg>
+ <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">name</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">server</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>
+
+
+ <para><command>host</command>
+ is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
+ It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
+ When no arguments or options are given,
+ <command>host</command>
+ prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
+ </para>
+
+ <para><parameter>name</parameter> is the domain name that is to be
+ looked
+ up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
+ IPv6 address, in which case <command>host</command> will by
+ default
+ perform a reverse lookup for that address.
+ <parameter>server</parameter> is an optional argument which
+ is either
+ the name or IP address of the name server that <command>host</command>
+ should query instead of the server or servers listed in
+ <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>OPTIONS</title></info>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-4</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Use IPv4 only for query transport.
+ See also the <option>-6</option> option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-6</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Use IPv6 only for query transport.
+ See also the <option>-4</option> option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-a</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ "All". The <option>-a</option> option is normally equivalent
+ to <option>-v -t <literal>ANY</literal></option>.
+ It also affects the behaviour of the <option>-l</option>
+ list zone option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Query class: This can be used to lookup HS (Hesiod) or CH
+ (Chaosnet) class resource records. The default class is IN
+ (Internet).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-C</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Check consistency: <command>host</command> will query the
+ SOA records for zone <parameter>name</parameter> from all
+ the listed authoritative name servers for that zone. The
+ list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are
+ found for the zone.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-d</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print debugging traces.
+ Equivalent to the <option>-v</option> verbose option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-i</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Obsolete.
+ Use the IP6.INT domain for reverse lookups of IPv6
+ addresses as defined in RFC1886 and deprecated in RFC4159.
+ The default is to use IP6.ARPA as specified in RFC3596.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-l</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ List zone:
+ The <command>host</command> command performs a zone transfer of
+ zone <parameter>name</parameter> and prints out the NS,
+ PTR and address records (A/AAAA).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Together, the <option>-l -a</option>
+ options print all records in the zone.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-N <replaceable class="parameter">ndots</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The number of dots that have to be
+ in <parameter>name</parameter> for it to be considered
+ absolute. The default value is that defined using the
+ ndots statement in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>,
+ or 1 if no ndots statement is present. Names with fewer
+ dots are interpreted as relative names and will be
+ searched for in the domains listed in
+ the <type>search</type> or <type>domain</type> directive
+ in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-r</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Non-recursive query:
+ Setting this option clears the RD (recursion desired) bit
+ in the query. This should mean that the name server
+ receiving the query will not attempt to
+ resolve <parameter>name</parameter>.
+ The <option>-r</option> option
+ enables <command>host</command> to mimic the behavior of a
+ name server by making non-recursive queries and expecting
+ to receive answers to those queries that can be
+ referrals to other name servers.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-R <replaceable class="parameter">number</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Number of retries for UDP queries:
+ If <parameter>number</parameter> is negative or zero, the
+ number of retries will default to 1. The default value is
+ 1, or the value of the <parameter>attempts</parameter>
+ option in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, if set.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-s</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> send the query to the next
+ nameserver if any server responds with a SERVFAIL
+ response, which is the reverse of normal stub resolver
+ behavior.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Query type:
+ The <parameter>type</parameter> argument can be any
+ recognized query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, TXT, DNSKEY, AXFR, etc.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When no query type is specified, <command>host</command>
+ automatically selects an appropriate query type. By default, it
+ looks for A, AAAA, and MX records.
+ If the <option>-C</option> option is given, queries will
+ be made for SOA records.
+ If <parameter>name</parameter> is a dotted-decimal IPv4
+ address or colon-delimited IPv6
+ address, <command>host</command> will query for PTR
+ records.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial
+ number can be specified by appending an equal followed by
+ the starting serial number
+ (like <option>-t <literal>IXFR=12345678</literal></option>).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-T</term>
+ <term>-U</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ TCP/UDP:
+ By default, <command>host</command> uses UDP when making
+ queries. The <option>-T</option> option makes it use a TCP
+ connection when querying the name server. TCP will be
+ automatically selected for queries that require it, such
+ as zone transfer (AXFR) requests. Type ANY queries default
+ to TCP but can be forced to UDP initially using <option>-U</option>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Memory usage debugging: the flag can
+ be <parameter>record</parameter>, <parameter>usage</parameter>,
+ or <parameter>trace</parameter>. You can specify
+ the <option>-m</option> option more than once to set
+ multiple flags.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-v</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Verbose output.
+ Equivalent to the <option>-d</option> debug option.
+ Verbose output can also be enabled by setting
+ the <parameter>debug</parameter> option
+ in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-V</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Print the version number and exit.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-w</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Wait forever: The query timeout is set to the maximum possible.
+ See also the <option>-W</option> option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>-W <replaceable class="parameter">wait</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Timeout: Wait for up to <parameter>wait</parameter>
+ seconds for a reply. If <parameter>wait</parameter> is
+ less than one, the wait interval is set to one second.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ By default, <command>host</command> will wait for 5
+ seconds for UDP responses and 10 seconds for TCP
+ connections. These defaults can be overridden by
+ the <parameter>timeout</parameter> option
+ in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ See also the <option>-w</option> option.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>IDN SUPPORT</title></info>
+
+ <para>
+ If <command>host</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
+ domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
+ <command>host</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
+ domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
+ reply from the server.
+ If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
+ the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
+ The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
+ <command>host</command> runs.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>FILES</title></info>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+ <refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>
+
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </refsection>
+
+</refentry>