Adding upstream version 4.19.249.upstream/4.19.249upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2622 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c b/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63640c315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/nvdimm/namespace_devs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2622 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright(c) 2013-2015 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/sort.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/nd.h>
+#include "nd-core.h"
+#include "pmem.h"
+#include "nd.h"
+
+static void namespace_io_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
+
+	kfree(nsio);
+}
+
+static void namespace_pmem_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+
+	if (nspm->id >= 0)
+		ida_simple_remove(&nd_region->ns_ida, nspm->id);
+	kfree(nspm->alt_name);
+	kfree(nspm->uuid);
+	kfree(nspm);
+}
+
+static void namespace_blk_release(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+
+	if (nsblk->id >= 0)
+		ida_simple_remove(&nd_region->ns_ida, nsblk->id);
+	kfree(nsblk->alt_name);
+	kfree(nsblk->uuid);
+	kfree(nsblk->res);
+	kfree(nsblk);
+}
+
+static const struct device_type namespace_io_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_io",
+	.release = namespace_io_release,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type namespace_pmem_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_pmem",
+	.release = namespace_pmem_release,
+};
+
+static const struct device_type namespace_blk_device_type = {
+	.name = "nd_namespace_blk",
+	.release = namespace_blk_release,
+};
+
+static bool is_namespace_pmem(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_pmem_device_type : false;
+}
+
+static bool is_namespace_blk(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_blk_device_type : false;
+}
+
+static bool is_namespace_io(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->type == &namespace_io_device_type : false;
+}
+
+static int is_uuid_busy(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	u8 *uuid1 = data, *uuid2 = NULL;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		uuid2 = nspm->uuid;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		uuid2 = nsblk->uuid;
+	} else if (is_nd_btt(dev)) {
+		struct nd_btt *nd_btt = to_nd_btt(dev);
+
+		uuid2 = nd_btt->uuid;
+	} else if (is_nd_pfn(dev)) {
+		struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = to_nd_pfn(dev);
+
+		uuid2 = nd_pfn->uuid;
+	}
+
+	if (uuid2 && memcmp(uuid1, uuid2, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) == 0)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_namespace_uuid_busy(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	if (is_nd_region(dev))
+		return device_for_each_child(dev, data, is_uuid_busy);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * nd_is_uuid_unique - verify that no other namespace has @uuid
+ * @dev: any device on a nvdimm_bus
+ * @uuid: uuid to check
+ */
+bool nd_is_uuid_unique(struct device *dev, u8 *uuid)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(dev);
+
+	if (!nvdimm_bus)
+		return false;
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nvdimm_bus->dev));
+	if (device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, uuid,
+				is_namespace_uuid_busy) != 0)
+		return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pmem_should_map_pages(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
+
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!test_bit(ND_REGION_PAGEMAP, &nd_region->flags))
+		return false;
+
+	if (is_nd_pfn(dev) || is_nd_btt(dev))
+		return false;
+
+	if (ndns->force_raw)
+		return false;
+
+	nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
+	if (region_intersects(nsio->res.start, resource_size(&nsio->res),
+				IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM,
+				IORES_DESC_NONE) == REGION_MIXED)
+		return false;
+
+	return ARCH_MEMREMAP_PMEM == MEMREMAP_WB;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(pmem_should_map_pages);
+
+unsigned int pmem_sector_size(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+
+		nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
+		if (nspm->lbasize == 0 || nspm->lbasize == 512)
+			/* default */;
+		else if (nspm->lbasize == 4096)
+			return 4096;
+		else
+			dev_WARN(&ndns->dev, "unsupported sector size: %ld\n",
+					nspm->lbasize);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * There is no namespace label (is_namespace_io()), or the label
+	 * indicates the default sector size.
+	 */
+	return 512;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(pmem_sector_size);
+
+const char *nvdimm_namespace_disk_name(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns,
+		char *name)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(ndns->dev.parent);
+	const char *suffix = NULL;
+
+	if (ndns->claim && is_nd_btt(ndns->claim))
+		suffix = "s";
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev) || is_namespace_io(&ndns->dev)) {
+		int nsidx = 0;
+
+		if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
+			struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+
+			nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
+			nsidx = nspm->id;
+		}
+
+		if (nsidx)
+			sprintf(name, "pmem%d.%d%s", nd_region->id, nsidx,
+					suffix ? suffix : "");
+		else
+			sprintf(name, "pmem%d%s", nd_region->id,
+					suffix ? suffix : "");
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+
+		nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev);
+		sprintf(name, "ndblk%d.%d%s", nd_region->id, nsblk->id,
+				suffix ? suffix : "");
+	} else {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return name;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_disk_name);
+
+const u8 *nd_dev_to_uuid(struct device *dev)
+{
+	static const u8 null_uuid[16];
+
+	if (!dev)
+		return null_uuid;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		return nspm->uuid;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		return nsblk->uuid;
+	} else
+		return null_uuid;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_dev_to_uuid);
+
+static ssize_t nstype_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+
+	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region));
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(nstype);
+
+static ssize_t __alt_name_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf,
+		const size_t len)
+{
+	char *input, *pos, *alt_name, **ns_altname;
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		ns_altname = &nspm->alt_name;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		ns_altname = &nsblk->alt_name;
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	if (dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	input = kmemdup(buf, len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!input)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	input[len] = '\0';
+	pos = strim(input);
+	if (strlen(pos) + 1 > NSLABEL_NAME_LEN) {
+		rc = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	alt_name = kzalloc(NSLABEL_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!alt_name) {
+		rc = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	kfree(*ns_altname);
+	*ns_altname = alt_name;
+	sprintf(*ns_altname, "%s", pos);
+	rc = len;
+
+out:
+	kfree(input);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static resource_size_t nd_namespace_blk_size(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(nsblk->common.dev.parent);
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	resource_size_t size = 0;
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	if (!nsblk->uuid)
+		return 0;
+	nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+		if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0)
+			size += resource_size(res);
+	return size;
+}
+
+static bool __nd_namespace_blk_validate(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(nsblk->common.dev.parent);
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	struct resource *res;
+	int count, i;
+
+	if (!nsblk->uuid || !nsblk->lbasize || !ndd)
+		return false;
+
+	count = 0;
+	nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
+		if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) != 0)
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * Resources with unacknowledged adjustments indicate a
+		 * failure to update labels
+		 */
+		if (res->flags & DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED)
+			return false;
+		count++;
+	}
+
+	/* These values match after a successful label update */
+	if (count != nsblk->num_resources)
+		return false;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nsblk->num_resources; i++) {
+		struct resource *found = NULL;
+
+		for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+			if (res == nsblk->res[i]) {
+				found = res;
+				break;
+			}
+		/* stale resource */
+		if (!found)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+resource_size_t nd_namespace_blk_validate(struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk)
+{
+	resource_size_t size;
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nsblk->common.dev);
+	size = __nd_namespace_blk_validate(nsblk);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nsblk->common.dev);
+
+	return size;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nd_namespace_blk_validate);
+
+
+static int nd_namespace_label_update(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct device *dev)
+{
+	dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim,
+			"namespace must be idle during label update\n");
+	if (dev->driver || to_ndns(dev)->claim)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Only allow label writes that will result in a valid namespace
+	 * or deletion of an existing namespace.
+	 */
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+		resource_size_t size = resource_size(&nspm->nsio.res);
+
+		if (size == 0 && nspm->uuid)
+			/* delete allocation */;
+		else if (!nspm->uuid)
+			return 0;
+
+		return nd_pmem_namespace_label_update(nd_region, nspm, size);
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+		resource_size_t size = nd_namespace_blk_size(nsblk);
+
+		if (size == 0 && nsblk->uuid)
+			/* delete allocation */;
+		else if (!nsblk->uuid || !nsblk->lbasize)
+			return 0;
+
+		return nd_blk_namespace_label_update(nd_region, nsblk, size);
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+}
+
+static ssize_t alt_name_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
+	rc = __alt_name_store(dev, buf, len);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s(%zd)\n", rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t alt_name_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	char *ns_altname;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		ns_altname = nspm->alt_name;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		ns_altname = nsblk->alt_name;
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", ns_altname ? ns_altname : "");
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(alt_name);
+
+static int scan_free(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id,
+		resource_size_t n)
+{
+	bool is_blk = strncmp(label_id->id, "blk", 3) == 0;
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	while (n) {
+		struct resource *res, *last;
+		resource_size_t new_start;
+
+		last = NULL;
+		for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+			if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0)
+				last = res;
+		res = last;
+		if (!res)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (n >= resource_size(res)) {
+			n -= resource_size(res);
+			nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "delete %d\n", rc);
+			nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, res);
+			/* retry with last resource deleted */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Keep BLK allocations relegated to high DPA as much as
+		 * possible
+		 */
+		if (is_blk)
+			new_start = res->start + n;
+		else
+			new_start = res->start;
+
+		rc = adjust_resource(res, new_start, resource_size(res) - n);
+		if (rc == 0)
+			res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
+		nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "shrink %d\n", rc);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * shrink_dpa_allocation - for each dimm in region free n bytes for label_id
+ * @nd_region: the set of dimms to reclaim @n bytes from
+ * @label_id: unique identifier for the namespace consuming this dpa range
+ * @n: number of bytes per-dimm to release
+ *
+ * Assumes resources are ordered.  Starting from the end try to
+ * adjust_resource() the allocation to @n, but if @n is larger than the
+ * allocation delete it and find the 'new' last allocation in the label
+ * set.
+ */
+static int shrink_dpa_allocation(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_label_id *label_id, resource_size_t n)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		int rc;
+
+		rc = scan_free(nd_region, nd_mapping, label_id, n);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static resource_size_t init_dpa_allocation(struct nd_label_id *label_id,
+		struct nd_region *nd_region, struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping,
+		resource_size_t n)
+{
+	bool is_blk = strncmp(label_id->id, "blk", 3) == 0;
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	resource_size_t first_dpa;
+	struct resource *res;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	/* allocate blk from highest dpa first */
+	if (is_blk)
+		first_dpa = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - n;
+	else
+		first_dpa = nd_mapping->start;
+
+	/* first resource allocation for this label-id or dimm */
+	res = nvdimm_allocate_dpa(ndd, label_id, first_dpa, n);
+	if (!res)
+		rc = -EBUSY;
+
+	nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "init %d\n", rc);
+	return rc ? n : 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * space_valid() - validate free dpa space against constraints
+ * @nd_region: hosting region of the free space
+ * @ndd: dimm device data for debug
+ * @label_id: namespace id to allocate space
+ * @prev: potential allocation that precedes free space
+ * @next: allocation that follows the given free space range
+ * @exist: first allocation with same id in the mapping
+ * @n: range that must satisfied for pmem allocations
+ * @valid: free space range to validate
+ *
+ * BLK-space is valid as long as it does not precede a PMEM
+ * allocation in a given region. PMEM-space must be contiguous
+ * and adjacent to an existing existing allocation (if one
+ * exists).  If reserving PMEM any space is valid.
+ */
+static void space_valid(struct nd_region *nd_region, struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd,
+		struct nd_label_id *label_id, struct resource *prev,
+		struct resource *next, struct resource *exist,
+		resource_size_t n, struct resource *valid)
+{
+	bool is_reserve = strcmp(label_id->id, "pmem-reserve") == 0;
+	bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
+
+	if (valid->start >= valid->end)
+		goto invalid;
+
+	if (is_reserve)
+		return;
+
+	if (!is_pmem) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+		struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus;
+		struct blk_alloc_info info = {
+			.nd_mapping = nd_mapping,
+			.available = nd_mapping->size,
+			.res = valid,
+		};
+
+		WARN_ON(!is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev));
+		nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(&nd_region->dev);
+		device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, &info, alias_dpa_busy);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* allocation needs to be contiguous, so this is all or nothing */
+	if (resource_size(valid) < n)
+		goto invalid;
+
+	/* we've got all the space we need and no existing allocation */
+	if (!exist)
+		return;
+
+	/* allocation needs to be contiguous with the existing namespace */
+	if (valid->start == exist->end + 1
+			|| valid->end == exist->start - 1)
+		return;
+
+ invalid:
+	/* truncate @valid size to 0 */
+	valid->end = valid->start - 1;
+}
+
+enum alloc_loc {
+	ALLOC_ERR = 0, ALLOC_BEFORE, ALLOC_MID, ALLOC_AFTER,
+};
+
+static resource_size_t scan_allocate(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id,
+		resource_size_t n)
+{
+	resource_size_t mapping_end = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - 1;
+	bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct resource *res, *exist = NULL, valid;
+	const resource_size_t to_allocate = n;
+	int first;
+
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+		if (strcmp(label_id->id, res->name) == 0)
+			exist = res;
+
+	valid.start = nd_mapping->start;
+	valid.end = mapping_end;
+	valid.name = "free space";
+ retry:
+	first = 0;
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
+		struct resource *next = res->sibling, *new_res = NULL;
+		resource_size_t allocate, available = 0;
+		enum alloc_loc loc = ALLOC_ERR;
+		const char *action;
+		int rc = 0;
+
+		/* ignore resources outside this nd_mapping */
+		if (res->start > mapping_end)
+			continue;
+		if (res->end < nd_mapping->start)
+			continue;
+
+		/* space at the beginning of the mapping */
+		if (!first++ && res->start > nd_mapping->start) {
+			valid.start = nd_mapping->start;
+			valid.end = res->start - 1;
+			space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, NULL, next, exist,
+					to_allocate, &valid);
+			available = resource_size(&valid);
+			if (available)
+				loc = ALLOC_BEFORE;
+		}
+
+		/* space between allocations */
+		if (!loc && next) {
+			valid.start = res->start + resource_size(res);
+			valid.end = min(mapping_end, next->start - 1);
+			space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, res, next, exist,
+					to_allocate, &valid);
+			available = resource_size(&valid);
+			if (available)
+				loc = ALLOC_MID;
+		}
+
+		/* space at the end of the mapping */
+		if (!loc && !next) {
+			valid.start = res->start + resource_size(res);
+			valid.end = mapping_end;
+			space_valid(nd_region, ndd, label_id, res, next, exist,
+					to_allocate, &valid);
+			available = resource_size(&valid);
+			if (available)
+				loc = ALLOC_AFTER;
+		}
+
+		if (!loc || !available)
+			continue;
+		allocate = min(available, n);
+		switch (loc) {
+		case ALLOC_BEFORE:
+			if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
+				/* adjust current resource up */
+				rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start - allocate,
+						resource_size(res) + allocate);
+				action = "cur grow up";
+			} else
+				action = "allocate";
+			break;
+		case ALLOC_MID:
+			if (strcmp(next->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
+				/* adjust next resource up */
+				rc = adjust_resource(next, next->start
+						- allocate, resource_size(next)
+						+ allocate);
+				new_res = next;
+				action = "next grow up";
+			} else if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0) {
+				action = "grow down";
+			} else
+				action = "allocate";
+			break;
+		case ALLOC_AFTER:
+			if (strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) == 0)
+				action = "grow down";
+			else
+				action = "allocate";
+			break;
+		default:
+			return n;
+		}
+
+		if (strcmp(action, "allocate") == 0) {
+			/* BLK allocate bottom up */
+			if (!is_pmem)
+				valid.start += available - allocate;
+
+			new_res = nvdimm_allocate_dpa(ndd, label_id,
+					valid.start, allocate);
+			if (!new_res)
+				rc = -EBUSY;
+		} else if (strcmp(action, "grow down") == 0) {
+			/* adjust current resource down */
+			rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start, resource_size(res)
+					+ allocate);
+			if (rc == 0)
+				res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
+		}
+
+		if (!new_res)
+			new_res = res;
+
+		nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, new_res, "%s(%d) %d\n",
+				action, loc, rc);
+
+		if (rc)
+			return n;
+
+		n -= allocate;
+		if (n) {
+			/*
+			 * Retry scan with newly inserted resources.
+			 * For example, if we did an ALLOC_BEFORE
+			 * insertion there may also have been space
+			 * available for an ALLOC_AFTER insertion, so we
+			 * need to check this same resource again
+			 */
+			goto retry;
+		} else
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we allocated nothing in the BLK case it may be because we are in
+	 * an initial "pmem-reserve pass".  Only do an initial BLK allocation
+	 * when none of the DPA space is reserved.
+	 */
+	if ((is_pmem || !ndd->dpa.child) && n == to_allocate)
+		return init_dpa_allocation(label_id, nd_region, nd_mapping, n);
+	return n;
+}
+
+static int merge_dpa(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping, struct nd_label_id *label_id)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	if (strncmp("pmem", label_id->id, 4) == 0)
+		return 0;
+ retry:
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res) {
+		int rc;
+		struct resource *next = res->sibling;
+		resource_size_t end = res->start + resource_size(res);
+
+		if (!next || strcmp(res->name, label_id->id) != 0
+				|| strcmp(next->name, label_id->id) != 0
+				|| end != next->start)
+			continue;
+		end += resource_size(next);
+		nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, next);
+		rc = adjust_resource(res, res->start, end - res->start);
+		nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "merge %d\n", rc);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+		res->flags |= DPA_RESOURCE_ADJUSTED;
+		goto retry;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int __reserve_free_pmem(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = data;
+	struct nd_region *nd_region;
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!is_memory(dev))
+		return 0;
+
+	nd_region = to_nd_region(dev);
+	if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&label_id, 0, sizeof(label_id));
+	strcat(label_id.id, "pmem-reserve");
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		resource_size_t n, rem = 0;
+
+		if (nd_mapping->nvdimm != nvdimm)
+			continue;
+
+		n = nd_pmem_available_dpa(nd_region, nd_mapping, &rem);
+		if (n == 0)
+			return 0;
+		rem = scan_allocate(nd_region, nd_mapping, &label_id, n);
+		dev_WARN_ONCE(&nd_region->dev, rem,
+				"pmem reserve underrun: %#llx of %#llx bytes\n",
+				(unsigned long long) n - rem,
+				(unsigned long long) n);
+		return rem ? -ENXIO : 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void release_free_pmem(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct resource *res, *_res;
+
+	for_each_dpa_resource_safe(ndd, res, _res)
+		if (strcmp(res->name, "pmem-reserve") == 0)
+			nvdimm_free_dpa(ndd, res);
+}
+
+static int reserve_free_pmem(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping)
+{
+	struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = device_for_each_child(&nvdimm_bus->dev, nvdimm,
+			__reserve_free_pmem);
+	if (rc)
+		release_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * grow_dpa_allocation - for each dimm allocate n bytes for @label_id
+ * @nd_region: the set of dimms to allocate @n more bytes from
+ * @label_id: unique identifier for the namespace consuming this dpa range
+ * @n: number of bytes per-dimm to add to the existing allocation
+ *
+ * Assumes resources are ordered.  For BLK regions, first consume
+ * BLK-only available DPA free space, then consume PMEM-aliased DPA
+ * space starting at the highest DPA.  For PMEM regions start
+ * allocations from the start of an interleave set and end at the first
+ * BLK allocation or the end of the interleave set, whichever comes
+ * first.
+ */
+static int grow_dpa_allocation(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_label_id *label_id, resource_size_t n)
+{
+	struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus = walk_to_nvdimm_bus(&nd_region->dev);
+	bool is_pmem = strncmp(label_id->id, "pmem", 4) == 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		resource_size_t rem = n;
+		int rc, j;
+
+		/*
+		 * In the BLK case try once with all unallocated PMEM
+		 * reserved, and once without
+		 */
+		for (j = is_pmem; j < 2; j++) {
+			bool blk_only = j == 0;
+
+			if (blk_only) {
+				rc = reserve_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
+				if (rc)
+					return rc;
+			}
+			rem = scan_allocate(nd_region, nd_mapping,
+					label_id, rem);
+			if (blk_only)
+				release_free_pmem(nvdimm_bus, nd_mapping);
+
+			/* try again and allow encroachments into PMEM */
+			if (rem == 0)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		dev_WARN_ONCE(&nd_region->dev, rem,
+				"allocation underrun: %#llx of %#llx bytes\n",
+				(unsigned long long) n - rem,
+				(unsigned long long) n);
+		if (rem)
+			return -ENXIO;
+
+		rc = merge_dpa(nd_region, nd_mapping, label_id);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm, resource_size_t size)
+{
+	struct resource *res = &nspm->nsio.res;
+	resource_size_t offset = 0;
+
+	if (size && !nspm->uuid) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		size = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (size && nspm->uuid) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nd_label_id label_id;
+		struct resource *res;
+
+		if (!ndd) {
+			size = 0;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nspm->uuid, 0);
+
+		/* calculate a spa offset from the dpa allocation offset */
+		for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+			if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0) {
+				offset = (res->start - nd_mapping->start)
+					* nd_region->ndr_mappings;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		size = 0;
+	}
+
+ out:
+	res->start = nd_region->ndr_start + offset;
+	res->end = res->start + size - 1;
+}
+
+static bool uuid_not_set(const u8 *uuid, struct device *dev, const char *where)
+{
+	if (!uuid) {
+		dev_dbg(dev, "%s: uuid not set\n", where);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+static ssize_t __size_store(struct device *dev, unsigned long long val)
+{
+	resource_size_t allocated = 0, available = 0;
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping;
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd;
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	u32 flags = 0, remainder;
+	int rc, i, id = -1;
+	u8 *uuid = NULL;
+
+	if (dev->driver || ndns->claim)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		uuid = nspm->uuid;
+		id = nspm->id;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		uuid = nsblk->uuid;
+		flags = NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL;
+		id = nsblk->id;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We need a uuid for the allocation-label and dimm(s) on which
+	 * to store the label.
+	 */
+	if (uuid_not_set(uuid, dev, __func__))
+		return -ENXIO;
+	if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0) {
+		dev_dbg(dev, "not associated with dimm(s)\n");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	div_u64_rem(val, SZ_4K * nd_region->ndr_mappings, &remainder);
+	if (remainder) {
+		dev_dbg(dev, "%llu is not %dK aligned\n", val,
+				(SZ_4K * nd_region->ndr_mappings) / SZ_1K);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, uuid, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+
+		/*
+		 * All dimms in an interleave set, or the base dimm for a blk
+		 * region, need to be enabled for the size to be changed.
+		 */
+		if (!ndd)
+			return -ENXIO;
+
+		allocated += nvdimm_allocated_dpa(ndd, &label_id);
+	}
+	available = nd_region_allocatable_dpa(nd_region);
+
+	if (val > available + allocated)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	if (val == allocated)
+		return 0;
+
+	val = div_u64(val, nd_region->ndr_mappings);
+	allocated = div_u64(allocated, nd_region->ndr_mappings);
+	if (val < allocated)
+		rc = shrink_dpa_allocation(nd_region, &label_id,
+				allocated - val);
+	else
+		rc = grow_dpa_allocation(nd_region, &label_id, val - allocated);
+
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm,
+				val * nd_region->ndr_mappings);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to delete the namespace if we deleted all of its
+	 * allocation, this is not the seed or 0th device for the
+	 * region, and it is not actively claimed by a btt, pfn, or dax
+	 * instance.
+	 */
+	if (val == 0 && id != 0 && nd_region->ns_seed != dev && !ndns->claim)
+		nd_device_unregister(dev, ND_ASYNC);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static ssize_t size_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	unsigned long long val;
+	u8 **uuid = NULL;
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = kstrtoull(buf, 0, &val);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
+	rc = __size_store(dev, val);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		uuid = &nspm->uuid;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		uuid = &nsblk->uuid;
+	}
+
+	if (rc == 0 && val == 0 && uuid) {
+		/* setting size zero == 'delete namespace' */
+		kfree(*uuid);
+		*uuid = NULL;
+	}
+
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%llx %s (%d)\n", val, rc < 0 ? "fail" : "success", rc);
+
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
+}
+
+resource_size_t __nvdimm_namespace_capacity(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &ndns->dev;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		return resource_size(&nspm->nsio.res);
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		return nd_namespace_blk_size(to_nd_namespace_blk(dev));
+	} else if (is_namespace_io(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
+
+		return resource_size(&nsio->res);
+	} else
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "unknown namespace type\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+resource_size_t nvdimm_namespace_capacity(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	resource_size_t size;
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&ndns->dev);
+	size = __nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&ndns->dev);
+
+	return size;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_capacity);
+
+bool nvdimm_namespace_locked(struct nd_namespace_common *ndns)
+{
+	int i;
+	bool locked = false;
+	struct device *dev = &ndns->dev;
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
+
+		if (test_bit(NDD_LOCKED, &nvdimm->flags)) {
+			dev_dbg(dev, "%s locked\n", nvdimm_name(nvdimm));
+			locked = true;
+		}
+	}
+	return locked;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_locked);
+
+static ssize_t size_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n", (unsigned long long)
+			nvdimm_namespace_capacity(to_ndns(dev)));
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR(size, 0444, size_show, size_store);
+
+static u8 *namespace_to_uuid(struct device *dev)
+{
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		return nspm->uuid;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		return nsblk->uuid;
+	} else
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
+}
+
+static ssize_t uuid_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	u8 *uuid = namespace_to_uuid(dev);
+
+	if (IS_ERR(uuid))
+		return PTR_ERR(uuid);
+	if (uuid)
+		return sprintf(buf, "%pUb\n", uuid);
+	return sprintf(buf, "\n");
+}
+
+/**
+ * namespace_update_uuid - check for a unique uuid and whether we're "renaming"
+ * @nd_region: parent region so we can updates all dimms in the set
+ * @dev: namespace type for generating label_id
+ * @new_uuid: incoming uuid
+ * @old_uuid: reference to the uuid storage location in the namespace object
+ */
+static int namespace_update_uuid(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct device *dev, u8 *new_uuid, u8 **old_uuid)
+{
+	u32 flags = is_namespace_blk(dev) ? NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL : 0;
+	struct nd_label_id old_label_id;
+	struct nd_label_id new_label_id;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!nd_is_uuid_unique(dev, new_uuid))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (*old_uuid == NULL)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've already written a label with this uuid, then it's
+	 * too late to rename because we can't reliably update the uuid
+	 * without losing the old namespace.  Userspace must delete this
+	 * namespace to abandon the old uuid.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * This check by itself is sufficient because old_uuid
+		 * would be NULL above if this uuid did not exist in the
+		 * currently written set.
+		 *
+		 * FIXME: can we delete uuid with zero dpa allocated?
+		 */
+		if (list_empty(&nd_mapping->labels))
+			return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	nd_label_gen_id(&old_label_id, *old_uuid, flags);
+	nd_label_gen_id(&new_label_id, new_uuid, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
+		struct resource *res;
+
+		for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+			if (strcmp(res->name, old_label_id.id) == 0)
+				sprintf((void *) res->name, "%s",
+						new_label_id.id);
+
+		mutex_lock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(label_ent, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
+			struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = label_ent->label;
+			struct nd_label_id label_id;
+
+			if (!nd_label)
+				continue;
+			nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nd_label->uuid,
+					__le32_to_cpu(nd_label->flags));
+			if (strcmp(old_label_id.id, label_id.id) == 0)
+				set_bit(ND_LABEL_REAP, &label_ent->flags);
+		}
+		mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+	}
+	kfree(*old_uuid);
+ out:
+	*old_uuid = new_uuid;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t uuid_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	u8 *uuid = NULL;
+	ssize_t rc = 0;
+	u8 **ns_uuid;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		ns_uuid = &nspm->uuid;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		ns_uuid = &nsblk->uuid;
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
+	if (to_ndns(dev)->claim)
+		rc = -EBUSY;
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_uuid_store(dev, &uuid, buf, len);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = namespace_update_uuid(nd_region, dev, uuid, ns_uuid);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
+	else
+		kfree(uuid);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "result: %zd wrote: %s%s", rc, buf,
+			buf[len - 1] == '\n' ? "" : "\n");
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(uuid);
+
+static ssize_t resource_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		res = &nspm->nsio.res;
+	} else if (is_namespace_io(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_io *nsio = to_nd_namespace_io(dev);
+
+		res = &nsio->res;
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	/* no address to convey if the namespace has no allocation */
+	if (resource_size(res) == 0)
+		return -ENXIO;
+	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", (unsigned long long) res->start);
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(resource);
+
+static const unsigned long blk_lbasize_supported[] = { 512, 520, 528,
+	4096, 4104, 4160, 4224, 0 };
+
+static const unsigned long pmem_lbasize_supported[] = { 512, 4096, 0 };
+
+static ssize_t sector_size_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		return nd_size_select_show(nsblk->lbasize,
+				blk_lbasize_supported, buf);
+	}
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		return nd_size_select_show(nspm->lbasize,
+				pmem_lbasize_supported, buf);
+	}
+	return -ENXIO;
+}
+
+static ssize_t sector_size_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	const unsigned long *supported;
+	unsigned long *lbasize;
+	ssize_t rc = 0;
+
+	if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		lbasize = &nsblk->lbasize;
+		supported = blk_lbasize_supported;
+	} else if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		lbasize = &nspm->lbasize;
+		supported = pmem_lbasize_supported;
+	} else
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	if (to_ndns(dev)->claim)
+		rc = -EBUSY;
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_size_select_store(dev, buf, lbasize, supported);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "result: %zd %s: %s%s", rc, rc < 0 ? "tried" : "wrote",
+			buf, buf[len - 1] == '\n' ? "" : "\n");
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc ? rc : len;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(sector_size);
+
+static ssize_t dpa_extents_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	int count = 0, i;
+	u8 *uuid = NULL;
+	u32 flags = 0;
+
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+
+		uuid = nspm->uuid;
+		flags = 0;
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+
+		uuid = nsblk->uuid;
+		flags = NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!uuid)
+		goto out;
+
+	nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, uuid, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct resource *res;
+
+		for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+			if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0)
+				count++;
+	}
+ out:
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+
+	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", count);
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(dpa_extents);
+
+static int btt_claim_class(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	int i, loop_bitmask = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex;
+
+		/*
+		 * If any of the DIMMs do not support labels the only
+		 * possible BTT format is v1.
+		 */
+		if (!ndd) {
+			loop_bitmask = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		nsindex = to_namespace_index(ndd, ndd->ns_current);
+		if (nsindex == NULL)
+			loop_bitmask |= 1;
+		else {
+			/* check whether existing labels are v1.1 or v1.2 */
+			if (__le16_to_cpu(nsindex->major) == 1
+					&& __le16_to_cpu(nsindex->minor) == 1)
+				loop_bitmask |= 2;
+			else
+				loop_bitmask |= 4;
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If nsindex is null loop_bitmask's bit 0 will be set, and if an index
+	 * block is found, a v1.1 label for any mapping will set bit 1, and a
+	 * v1.2 label will set bit 2.
+	 *
+	 * At the end of the loop, at most one of the three bits must be set.
+	 * If multiple bits were set, it means the different mappings disagree
+	 * about their labels, and this must be cleaned up first.
+	 *
+	 * If all the label index blocks are found to agree, nsindex of NULL
+	 * implies labels haven't been initialized yet, and when they will,
+	 * they will be of the 1.2 format, so we can assume BTT2.0
+	 *
+	 * If 1.1 labels are found, we enforce BTT1.1, and if 1.2 labels are
+	 * found, we enforce BTT2.0
+	 *
+	 * If the loop was never entered, default to BTT1.1 (legacy namespaces)
+	 */
+	switch (loop_bitmask) {
+	case 0:
+	case 2:
+		return NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT;
+	case 1:
+	case 4:
+		return NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT2;
+	default:
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+}
+
+static ssize_t holder_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	rc = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", ndns->claim ? dev_name(ndns->claim) : "");
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(holder);
+
+static ssize_t __holder_class_store(struct device *dev, const char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+
+	if (dev->driver || ndns->claim)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	if (strcmp(buf, "btt") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "btt\n") == 0)
+		ndns->claim_class = btt_claim_class(dev);
+	else if (strcmp(buf, "pfn") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "pfn\n") == 0)
+		ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_PFN;
+	else if (strcmp(buf, "dax") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "dax\n") == 0)
+		ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_DAX;
+	else if (strcmp(buf, "") == 0 || strcmp(buf, "\n") == 0)
+		ndns->claim_class = NVDIMM_CCLASS_NONE;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* btt_claim_class() could've returned an error */
+	if (ndns->claim_class < 0)
+		return ndns->claim_class;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t holder_class_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct nd_region *nd_region = to_nd_region(dev->parent);
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(dev);
+	wait_nvdimm_bus_probe_idle(dev);
+	rc = __holder_class_store(dev, buf);
+	if (rc >= 0)
+		rc = nd_namespace_label_update(nd_region, dev);
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s(%zd)\n", rc < 0 ? "fail " : "", rc);
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(dev);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc < 0 ? rc : len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t holder_class_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_NONE)
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "\n");
+	else if ((ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT) ||
+			(ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_BTT2))
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "btt\n");
+	else if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_PFN)
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "pfn\n");
+	else if (ndns->claim_class == NVDIMM_CCLASS_DAX)
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "dax\n");
+	else
+		rc = sprintf(buf, "<unknown>\n");
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(holder_class);
+
+static ssize_t mode_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+	struct device *claim;
+	char *mode;
+	ssize_t rc;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	claim = ndns->claim;
+	if (claim && is_nd_btt(claim))
+		mode = "safe";
+	else if (claim && is_nd_pfn(claim))
+		mode = "memory";
+	else if (claim && is_nd_dax(claim))
+		mode = "dax";
+	else if (!claim && pmem_should_map_pages(dev))
+		mode = "memory";
+	else
+		mode = "raw";
+	rc = sprintf(buf, "%s\n", mode);
+	device_unlock(dev);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RO(mode);
+
+static ssize_t force_raw_store(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	bool force_raw;
+	int rc = strtobool(buf, &force_raw);
+
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	to_ndns(dev)->force_raw = force_raw;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static ssize_t force_raw_show(struct device *dev,
+		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", to_ndns(dev)->force_raw);
+}
+static DEVICE_ATTR_RW(force_raw);
+
+static struct attribute *nd_namespace_attributes[] = {
+	&dev_attr_nstype.attr,
+	&dev_attr_size.attr,
+	&dev_attr_mode.attr,
+	&dev_attr_uuid.attr,
+	&dev_attr_holder.attr,
+	&dev_attr_resource.attr,
+	&dev_attr_alt_name.attr,
+	&dev_attr_force_raw.attr,
+	&dev_attr_sector_size.attr,
+	&dev_attr_dpa_extents.attr,
+	&dev_attr_holder_class.attr,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+static umode_t namespace_visible(struct kobject *kobj,
+		struct attribute *a, int n)
+{
+	struct device *dev = container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
+
+	if (a == &dev_attr_resource.attr) {
+		if (is_namespace_blk(dev))
+			return 0;
+		return 0400;
+	}
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(dev) || is_namespace_blk(dev)) {
+		if (a == &dev_attr_size.attr)
+			return 0644;
+
+		return a->mode;
+	}
+
+	if (a == &dev_attr_nstype.attr || a == &dev_attr_size.attr
+			|| a == &dev_attr_holder.attr
+			|| a == &dev_attr_holder_class.attr
+			|| a == &dev_attr_force_raw.attr
+			|| a == &dev_attr_mode.attr)
+		return a->mode;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct attribute_group nd_namespace_attribute_group = {
+	.attrs = nd_namespace_attributes,
+	.is_visible = namespace_visible,
+};
+
+static const struct attribute_group *nd_namespace_attribute_groups[] = {
+	&nd_device_attribute_group,
+	&nd_namespace_attribute_group,
+	&nd_numa_attribute_group,
+	NULL,
+};
+
+struct nd_namespace_common *nvdimm_namespace_common_probe(struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct nd_btt *nd_btt = is_nd_btt(dev) ? to_nd_btt(dev) : NULL;
+	struct nd_pfn *nd_pfn = is_nd_pfn(dev) ? to_nd_pfn(dev) : NULL;
+	struct nd_dax *nd_dax = is_nd_dax(dev) ? to_nd_dax(dev) : NULL;
+	struct nd_namespace_common *ndns = NULL;
+	resource_size_t size;
+
+	if (nd_btt || nd_pfn || nd_dax) {
+		if (nd_btt)
+			ndns = nd_btt->ndns;
+		else if (nd_pfn)
+			ndns = nd_pfn->ndns;
+		else if (nd_dax)
+			ndns = nd_dax->nd_pfn.ndns;
+
+		if (!ndns)
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+
+		/*
+		 * Flush any in-progess probes / removals in the driver
+		 * for the raw personality of this namespace.
+		 */
+		device_lock(&ndns->dev);
+		device_unlock(&ndns->dev);
+		if (ndns->dev.driver) {
+			dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "is active, can't bind %s\n",
+					dev_name(dev));
+			return ERR_PTR(-EBUSY);
+		}
+		if (dev_WARN_ONCE(&ndns->dev, ndns->claim != dev,
+					"host (%s) vs claim (%s) mismatch\n",
+					dev_name(dev),
+					dev_name(ndns->claim)))
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
+	} else {
+		ndns = to_ndns(dev);
+		if (ndns->claim) {
+			dev_dbg(dev, "claimed by %s, failing probe\n",
+				dev_name(ndns->claim));
+
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (nvdimm_namespace_locked(ndns))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
+
+	size = nvdimm_namespace_capacity(ndns);
+	if (size < ND_MIN_NAMESPACE_SIZE) {
+		dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "%pa, too small must be at least %#x\n",
+				&size, ND_MIN_NAMESPACE_SIZE);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+	}
+
+	if (is_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+
+		nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(&ndns->dev);
+		if (uuid_not_set(nspm->uuid, &ndns->dev, __func__))
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+	} else if (is_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev)) {
+		struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+
+		nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(&ndns->dev);
+		if (uuid_not_set(nsblk->uuid, &ndns->dev, __func__))
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+		if (!nsblk->lbasize) {
+			dev_dbg(&ndns->dev, "sector size not set\n");
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+		}
+		if (!nd_namespace_blk_validate(nsblk))
+			return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+	}
+
+	return ndns;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(nvdimm_namespace_common_probe);
+
+static struct device **create_namespace_io(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_io *nsio;
+	struct device *dev, **devs;
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	nsio = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsio), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nsio)
+		return NULL;
+
+	devs = kcalloc(2, sizeof(struct device *), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!devs) {
+		kfree(nsio);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	dev = &nsio->common.dev;
+	dev->type = &namespace_io_device_type;
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	res = &nsio->res;
+	res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
+	res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
+	res->start = nd_region->ndr_start;
+	res->end = res->start + nd_region->ndr_size - 1;
+
+	devs[0] = dev;
+	return devs;
+}
+
+static bool has_uuid_at_pos(struct nd_region *nd_region, u8 *uuid,
+		u64 cookie, u16 pos)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_label *found = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
+		bool found_uuid = false;
+
+		list_for_each_entry(label_ent, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
+			struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = label_ent->label;
+			u16 position, nlabel;
+			u64 isetcookie;
+
+			if (!nd_label)
+				continue;
+			isetcookie = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie);
+			position = __le16_to_cpu(nd_label->position);
+			nlabel = __le16_to_cpu(nd_label->nlabel);
+
+			if (isetcookie != cookie)
+				continue;
+
+			if (memcmp(nd_label->uuid, uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) != 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (namespace_label_has(ndd, type_guid)
+					&& !guid_equal(&nd_set->type_guid,
+						&nd_label->type_guid)) {
+				dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect type_guid %pUb got %pUb\n",
+						nd_set->type_guid.b,
+						nd_label->type_guid.b);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (found_uuid) {
+				dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "duplicate entry for uuid\n");
+				return false;
+			}
+			found_uuid = true;
+			if (nlabel != nd_region->ndr_mappings)
+				continue;
+			if (position != pos)
+				continue;
+			found = nd_label;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (found)
+			break;
+	}
+	return found != NULL;
+}
+
+static int select_pmem_id(struct nd_region *nd_region, u8 *pmem_id)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!pmem_id)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = NULL;
+		u64 hw_start, hw_end, pmem_start, pmem_end;
+		struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
+
+		lockdep_assert_held(&nd_mapping->lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(label_ent, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
+			nd_label = label_ent->label;
+			if (!nd_label)
+				continue;
+			if (memcmp(nd_label->uuid, pmem_id, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) == 0)
+				break;
+			nd_label = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (!nd_label) {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Check that this label is compliant with the dpa
+		 * range published in NFIT
+		 */
+		hw_start = nd_mapping->start;
+		hw_end = hw_start + nd_mapping->size;
+		pmem_start = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa);
+		pmem_end = pmem_start + __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->rawsize);
+		if (pmem_start >= hw_start && pmem_start < hw_end
+				&& pmem_end <= hw_end && pmem_end > hw_start)
+			/* pass */;
+		else {
+			dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "%s invalid label for %pUb\n",
+					dev_name(ndd->dev), nd_label->uuid);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		/* move recently validated label to the front of the list */
+		list_move(&label_ent->list, &nd_mapping->labels);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * create_namespace_pmem - validate interleave set labelling, retrieve label0
+ * @nd_region: region with mappings to validate
+ * @nspm: target namespace to create
+ * @nd_label: target pmem namespace label to evaluate
+ */
+static struct device *create_namespace_pmem(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex,
+		struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label)
+{
+	u64 cookie = nd_region_interleave_set_cookie(nd_region, nsindex);
+	u64 altcookie = nd_region_interleave_set_altcookie(nd_region);
+	struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
+	struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping;
+	resource_size_t size = 0;
+	struct resource *res;
+	struct device *dev;
+	int rc = 0;
+	u16 i;
+
+	if (cookie == 0) {
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "invalid interleave-set-cookie\n");
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
+	}
+
+	if (__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie) != cookie) {
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "invalid cookie in label: %pUb\n",
+				nd_label->uuid);
+		if (__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie) != altcookie)
+			return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
+
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "valid altcookie in label: %pUb\n",
+				nd_label->uuid);
+	}
+
+	nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nspm)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	nspm->id = -1;
+	dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
+	dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	res = &nspm->nsio.res;
+	res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
+	res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		if (has_uuid_at_pos(nd_region, nd_label->uuid, cookie, i))
+			continue;
+		if (has_uuid_at_pos(nd_region, nd_label->uuid, altcookie, i))
+			continue;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (i < nd_region->ndr_mappings) {
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_region->mapping[i].nvdimm;
+
+		/*
+		 * Give up if we don't find an instance of a uuid at each
+		 * position (from 0 to nd_region->ndr_mappings - 1), or if we
+		 * find a dimm with two instances of the same uuid.
+		 */
+		dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "%s missing label for %pUb\n",
+				nvdimm_name(nvdimm), nd_label->uuid);
+		rc = -EINVAL;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Fix up each mapping's 'labels' to have the validated pmem label for
+	 * that position at labels[0], and NULL at labels[1].  In the process,
+	 * check that the namespace aligns with interleave-set.  We know
+	 * that it does not overlap with any blk namespaces by virtue of
+	 * the dimm being enabled (i.e. nd_label_reserve_dpa()
+	 * succeeded).
+	 */
+	rc = select_pmem_id(nd_region, nd_label->uuid);
+	if (rc)
+		goto err;
+
+	/* Calculate total size and populate namespace properties from label0 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_namespace_label *label0;
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd;
+
+		nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		label_ent = list_first_entry_or_null(&nd_mapping->labels,
+				typeof(*label_ent), list);
+		label0 = label_ent ? label_ent->label : NULL;
+
+		if (!label0) {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		size += __le64_to_cpu(label0->rawsize);
+		if (__le16_to_cpu(label0->position) != 0)
+			continue;
+		WARN_ON(nspm->alt_name || nspm->uuid);
+		nspm->alt_name = kmemdup((void __force *) label0->name,
+				NSLABEL_NAME_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+		nspm->uuid = kmemdup((void __force *) label0->uuid,
+				NSLABEL_UUID_LEN, GFP_KERNEL);
+		nspm->lbasize = __le64_to_cpu(label0->lbasize);
+		ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		if (namespace_label_has(ndd, abstraction_guid))
+			nspm->nsio.common.claim_class
+				= to_nvdimm_cclass(&label0->abstraction_guid);
+
+	}
+
+	if (!nspm->alt_name || !nspm->uuid) {
+		rc = -ENOMEM;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, size);
+
+	return dev;
+ err:
+	namespace_pmem_release(dev);
+	switch (rc) {
+	case -EINVAL:
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "invalid label(s)\n");
+		break;
+	case -ENODEV:
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "label not found\n");
+		break;
+	default:
+		dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "unexpected err: %d\n", rc);
+		break;
+	}
+	return ERR_PTR(rc);
+}
+
+struct resource *nsblk_add_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd, struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk,
+		resource_size_t start)
+{
+	struct nd_label_id label_id;
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	nd_label_gen_id(&label_id, nsblk->uuid, NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL);
+	res = krealloc(nsblk->res,
+			sizeof(void *) * (nsblk->num_resources + 1),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!res)
+		return NULL;
+	nsblk->res = (struct resource **) res;
+	for_each_dpa_resource(ndd, res)
+		if (strcmp(res->name, label_id.id) == 0
+				&& res->start == start) {
+			nsblk->res[nsblk->num_resources++] = res;
+			return res;
+		}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct device *nd_namespace_blk_create(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+	struct device *dev;
+
+	if (!is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
+		return NULL;
+
+	nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nsblk)
+		return NULL;
+
+	dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
+	dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
+	nsblk->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (nsblk->id < 0) {
+		kfree(nsblk);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nsblk->id);
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
+
+	return &nsblk->common.dev;
+}
+
+static struct device *nd_namespace_pmem_create(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+	struct resource *res;
+	struct device *dev;
+
+	if (!is_memory(&nd_region->dev))
+		return NULL;
+
+	nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nspm)
+		return NULL;
+
+	dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
+	dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	res = &nspm->nsio.res;
+	res->name = dev_name(&nd_region->dev);
+	res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM;
+
+	nspm->id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (nspm->id < 0) {
+		kfree(nspm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, nspm->id);
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
+	nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, 0);
+
+	return dev;
+}
+
+void nd_region_create_ns_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
+
+	if (nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region) == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_IO)
+		return;
+
+	if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
+		nd_region->ns_seed = nd_namespace_blk_create(nd_region);
+	else
+		nd_region->ns_seed = nd_namespace_pmem_create(nd_region);
+
+	/*
+	 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
+	 * disabled until memory becomes available
+	 */
+	if (!nd_region->ns_seed)
+		dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create %s namespace\n",
+				is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev) ? "blk" : "pmem");
+	else
+		nd_device_register(nd_region->ns_seed);
+}
+
+void nd_region_create_dax_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
+	nd_region->dax_seed = nd_dax_create(nd_region);
+	/*
+	 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
+	 * disabled until memory becomes available
+	 */
+	if (!nd_region->dax_seed)
+		dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create dax namespace\n");
+}
+
+void nd_region_create_pfn_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
+	nd_region->pfn_seed = nd_pfn_create(nd_region);
+	/*
+	 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
+	 * disabled until memory becomes available
+	 */
+	if (!nd_region->pfn_seed)
+		dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create pfn namespace\n");
+}
+
+void nd_region_create_btt_seed(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	WARN_ON(!is_nvdimm_bus_locked(&nd_region->dev));
+	nd_region->btt_seed = nd_btt_create(nd_region);
+	/*
+	 * Seed creation failures are not fatal, provisioning is simply
+	 * disabled until memory becomes available
+	 */
+	if (!nd_region->btt_seed)
+		dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "failed to create btt namespace\n");
+}
+
+static int add_namespace_resource(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label, struct device **devs,
+		int count)
+{
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		u8 *uuid = namespace_to_uuid(devs[i]);
+		struct resource *res;
+
+		if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(uuid)) {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (memcmp(uuid, nd_label->uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN) != 0)
+			continue;
+		if (is_namespace_blk(devs[i])) {
+			res = nsblk_add_resource(nd_region, ndd,
+					to_nd_namespace_blk(devs[i]),
+					__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa));
+			if (!res)
+				return -ENXIO;
+			nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "%d assign\n", count);
+		} else {
+			dev_err(&nd_region->dev,
+					"error: conflicting extents for uuid: %pUb\n",
+					nd_label->uuid);
+			return -ENXIO;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+static struct device *create_namespace_blk(struct nd_region *nd_region,
+		struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label, int count)
+{
+
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+	struct nd_interleave_set *nd_set = nd_region->nd_set;
+	struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+	struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+	char name[NSLABEL_NAME_LEN];
+	struct device *dev = NULL;
+	struct resource *res;
+
+	if (namespace_label_has(ndd, type_guid)) {
+		if (!guid_equal(&nd_set->type_guid, &nd_label->type_guid)) {
+			dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect type_guid %pUb got %pUb\n",
+					nd_set->type_guid.b,
+					nd_label->type_guid.b);
+			return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
+		}
+
+		if (nd_label->isetcookie != __cpu_to_le64(nd_set->cookie2)) {
+			dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "expect cookie %#llx got %#llx\n",
+					nd_set->cookie2,
+					__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->isetcookie));
+			return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
+		}
+	}
+
+	nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!nsblk)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
+	dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
+	dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+	nsblk->id = -1;
+	nsblk->lbasize = __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->lbasize);
+	nsblk->uuid = kmemdup(nd_label->uuid, NSLABEL_UUID_LEN,
+			GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (namespace_label_has(ndd, abstraction_guid))
+		nsblk->common.claim_class
+			= to_nvdimm_cclass(&nd_label->abstraction_guid);
+	if (!nsblk->uuid)
+		goto blk_err;
+	memcpy(name, nd_label->name, NSLABEL_NAME_LEN);
+	if (name[0]) {
+		nsblk->alt_name = kmemdup(name, NSLABEL_NAME_LEN,
+				GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!nsblk->alt_name)
+			goto blk_err;
+	}
+	res = nsblk_add_resource(nd_region, ndd, nsblk,
+			__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa));
+	if (!res)
+		goto blk_err;
+	nd_dbg_dpa(nd_region, ndd, res, "%d: assign\n", count);
+	return dev;
+ blk_err:
+	namespace_blk_release(dev);
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
+}
+
+static int cmp_dpa(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct device *dev_a = *(const struct device **) a;
+	const struct device *dev_b = *(const struct device **) b;
+	struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk_a, *nsblk_b;
+	struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm_a, *nspm_b;
+
+	if (is_namespace_io(dev_a))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_namespace_blk(dev_a)) {
+		nsblk_a = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev_a);
+		nsblk_b = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev_b);
+
+		return memcmp(&nsblk_a->res[0]->start, &nsblk_b->res[0]->start,
+				sizeof(resource_size_t));
+	}
+
+	nspm_a = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev_a);
+	nspm_b = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev_b);
+
+	return memcmp(&nspm_a->nsio.res.start, &nspm_b->nsio.res.start,
+			sizeof(resource_size_t));
+}
+
+static struct device **scan_labels(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	int i, count = 0;
+	struct device *dev, **devs = NULL;
+	struct nd_label_ent *label_ent, *e;
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[0];
+	resource_size_t map_end = nd_mapping->start + nd_mapping->size - 1;
+
+	/* "safe" because create_namespace_pmem() might list_move() label_ent */
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(label_ent, e, &nd_mapping->labels, list) {
+		struct nd_namespace_label *nd_label = label_ent->label;
+		struct device **__devs;
+		u32 flags;
+
+		if (!nd_label)
+			continue;
+		flags = __le32_to_cpu(nd_label->flags);
+		if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)
+				== !!(flags & NSLABEL_FLAG_LOCAL))
+			/* pass, region matches label type */;
+		else
+			continue;
+
+		/* skip labels that describe extents outside of the region */
+		if (__le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa) < nd_mapping->start ||
+		    __le64_to_cpu(nd_label->dpa) > map_end)
+				continue;
+
+		i = add_namespace_resource(nd_region, nd_label, devs, count);
+		if (i < 0)
+			goto err;
+		if (i < count)
+			continue;
+		__devs = kcalloc(count + 2, sizeof(dev), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!__devs)
+			goto err;
+		memcpy(__devs, devs, sizeof(dev) * count);
+		kfree(devs);
+		devs = __devs;
+
+		if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
+			dev = create_namespace_blk(nd_region, nd_label, count);
+		else {
+			struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+			struct nd_namespace_index *nsindex;
+
+			nsindex = to_namespace_index(ndd, ndd->ns_current);
+			dev = create_namespace_pmem(nd_region, nsindex, nd_label);
+		}
+
+		if (IS_ERR(dev)) {
+			switch (PTR_ERR(dev)) {
+			case -EAGAIN:
+				/* skip invalid labels */
+				continue;
+			case -ENODEV:
+				/* fallthrough to seed creation */
+				break;
+			default:
+				goto err;
+			}
+		} else
+			devs[count++] = dev;
+
+	}
+
+	dev_dbg(&nd_region->dev, "discovered %d %s namespace%s\n",
+			count, is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)
+			? "blk" : "pmem", count == 1 ? "" : "s");
+
+	if (count == 0) {
+		/* Publish a zero-sized namespace for userspace to configure. */
+		nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
+
+		devs = kcalloc(2, sizeof(dev), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!devs)
+			goto err;
+		if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev)) {
+			struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+
+			nsblk = kzalloc(sizeof(*nsblk), GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!nsblk)
+				goto err;
+			dev = &nsblk->common.dev;
+			dev->type = &namespace_blk_device_type;
+		} else {
+			struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+
+			nspm = kzalloc(sizeof(*nspm), GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!nspm)
+				goto err;
+			dev = &nspm->nsio.common.dev;
+			dev->type = &namespace_pmem_device_type;
+			nd_namespace_pmem_set_resource(nd_region, nspm, 0);
+		}
+		dev->parent = &nd_region->dev;
+		devs[count++] = dev;
+	} else if (is_memory(&nd_region->dev)) {
+		/* clean unselected labels */
+		for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+			struct list_head *l, *e;
+			LIST_HEAD(list);
+			int j;
+
+			nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+			if (list_empty(&nd_mapping->labels)) {
+				WARN_ON(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			j = count;
+			list_for_each_safe(l, e, &nd_mapping->labels) {
+				if (!j--)
+					break;
+				list_move_tail(l, &list);
+			}
+			nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
+			list_splice_init(&list, &nd_mapping->labels);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (count > 1)
+		sort(devs, count, sizeof(struct device *), cmp_dpa, NULL);
+
+	return devs;
+
+ err:
+	if (devs) {
+		for (i = 0; devs[i]; i++)
+			if (is_nd_blk(&nd_region->dev))
+				namespace_blk_release(devs[i]);
+			else
+				namespace_pmem_release(devs[i]);
+		kfree(devs);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct device **create_namespaces(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping;
+	struct device **devs;
+	int i;
+
+	if (nd_region->ndr_mappings == 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* lock down all mappings while we scan labels */
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		mutex_lock_nested(&nd_mapping->lock, i);
+	}
+
+	devs = scan_labels(nd_region);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		int reverse = nd_region->ndr_mappings - 1 - i;
+
+		nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[reverse];
+		mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+	}
+
+	return devs;
+}
+
+static int init_active_labels(struct nd_region *nd_region)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nd_region->ndr_mappings; i++) {
+		struct nd_mapping *nd_mapping = &nd_region->mapping[i];
+		struct nvdimm_drvdata *ndd = to_ndd(nd_mapping);
+		struct nvdimm *nvdimm = nd_mapping->nvdimm;
+		struct nd_label_ent *label_ent;
+		int count, j;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the dimm is disabled then we may need to prevent
+		 * the region from being activated.
+		 */
+		if (!ndd) {
+			if (test_bit(NDD_LOCKED, &nvdimm->flags))
+				/* fail, label data may be unreadable */;
+			else if (test_bit(NDD_ALIASING, &nvdimm->flags))
+				/* fail, labels needed to disambiguate dpa */;
+			else
+				return 0;
+
+			dev_err(&nd_region->dev, "%s: is %s, failing probe\n",
+					dev_name(&nd_mapping->nvdimm->dev),
+					test_bit(NDD_LOCKED, &nvdimm->flags)
+					? "locked" : "disabled");
+			return -ENXIO;
+		}
+		nd_mapping->ndd = ndd;
+		atomic_inc(&nvdimm->busy);
+		get_ndd(ndd);
+
+		count = nd_label_active_count(ndd);
+		dev_dbg(ndd->dev, "count: %d\n", count);
+		if (!count)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+			struct nd_namespace_label *label;
+
+			label_ent = kzalloc(sizeof(*label_ent), GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!label_ent)
+				break;
+			label = nd_label_active(ndd, j);
+			label_ent->label = label;
+
+			mutex_lock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+			list_add_tail(&label_ent->list, &nd_mapping->labels);
+			mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+		}
+
+		if (j >= count)
+			continue;
+
+		mutex_lock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+		nd_mapping_free_labels(nd_mapping);
+		mutex_unlock(&nd_mapping->lock);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int nd_region_register_namespaces(struct nd_region *nd_region, int *err)
+{
+	struct device **devs = NULL;
+	int i, rc = 0, type;
+
+	*err = 0;
+	nvdimm_bus_lock(&nd_region->dev);
+	rc = init_active_labels(nd_region);
+	if (rc) {
+		nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nd_region->dev);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	type = nd_region_to_nstype(nd_region);
+	switch (type) {
+	case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_IO:
+		devs = create_namespace_io(nd_region);
+		break;
+	case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_PMEM:
+	case ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_BLK:
+		devs = create_namespaces(nd_region);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	nvdimm_bus_unlock(&nd_region->dev);
+
+	if (!devs)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	for (i = 0; devs[i]; i++) {
+		struct device *dev = devs[i];
+		int id;
+
+		if (type == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_BLK) {
+			struct nd_namespace_blk *nsblk;
+
+			nsblk = to_nd_namespace_blk(dev);
+			id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+			nsblk->id = id;
+		} else if (type == ND_DEVICE_NAMESPACE_PMEM) {
+			struct nd_namespace_pmem *nspm;
+
+			nspm = to_nd_namespace_pmem(dev);
+			id = ida_simple_get(&nd_region->ns_ida, 0, 0,
+					GFP_KERNEL);
+			nspm->id = id;
+		} else
+			id = i;
+
+		if (id < 0)
+			break;
+		dev_set_name(dev, "namespace%d.%d", nd_region->id, id);
+		dev->groups = nd_namespace_attribute_groups;
+		nd_device_register(dev);
+	}
+	if (i)
+		nd_region->ns_seed = devs[0];
+
+	if (devs[i]) {
+		int j;
+
+		for (j = i; devs[j]; j++) {
+			struct device *dev = devs[j];
+
+			device_initialize(dev);
+			put_device(dev);
+		}
+		*err = j - i;
+		/*
+		 * All of the namespaces we tried to register failed, so
+		 * fail region activation.
+		 */
+		if (*err == 0)
+			rc = -ENODEV;
+	}
+	kfree(devs);
+
+	if (rc == -ENODEV)
+		return rc;
+
+	return i;
+}