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| author | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> | 2024-05-06 01:46:30 +0000 |
| commit | b5896ba9f6047e7031e2bdee0622d543e11a6734 (patch) | |
| tree | fd7b460593a2fee1be579bec5697e6d887ea3421 /html/virtual.5.html | |
| parent | Initial commit. (diff) | |
| download | postfix-upstream.tar.xz postfix-upstream.zip | |
Adding upstream version 3.4.23.upstream/3.4.23upstream
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'html/virtual.5.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | html/virtual.5.html | 291 |
1 files changed, 291 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/html/virtual.5.html b/html/virtual.5.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97e7e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/html/virtual.5.html @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> <head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> +<title> Postfix manual - virtual(5) </title> +</head> <body> <pre> +VIRTUAL(5) VIRTUAL(5) + +<b>NAME</b> + virtual - Postfix virtual alias table format + +<b>SYNOPSIS</b> + <b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b> + + <b>postmap -q "</b><i>string</i><b>" /etc/postfix/virtual</b> + + <b>postmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual</b> <<i>inputfile</i> + +<b>DESCRIPTION</b> + The optional <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table rewrites recipient addresses for + all local, all virtual, and all remote mail destinations. This is + unlike the <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> table which is used only for <a href="local.8.html"><b>local</b>(8)</a> delivery. + Virtual aliasing is recursive, and is implemented by the Postfix + <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a> daemon before mail is queued. + + The main applications of virtual aliasing are: + + <b>o</b> To redirect mail for one address to one or more addresses. + + <b>o</b> To implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are + aliased to addresses in other domains. + + Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual + mailbox domains that are implemented with the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html"><b>virtual</b>(8)</a> + mail delivery agent. With <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_mailbox_class">virtual mailbox domains</a>, each recipi- + ent address can have its own mailbox. + + Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient envelope addresses, and + does not affect message headers. Use <a href="canonical.5.html"><b>canonical</b>(5)</a> mapping to rewrite + header and envelope addresses in general. + + Normally, the <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> alias table is specified as a text file that + serves as input to the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command. The result, an indexed file + in <b>dbm</b> or <b>db</b> format, is used for fast searching by the mail system. + Execute the command "<b>postmap /etc/postfix/virtual</b>" to rebuild an + indexed file after changing the corresponding text file. + + When the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, + the same lookups are done as for ordinary indexed files. + + Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map + where patterns are given as regular expressions, or lookups can be + directed to TCP-based server. In those case, the lookups are done in a + slightly different way as described below under "REGULAR EXPRESSION + TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES". + +<b>CASE FOLDING</b> + The search string is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of + Postfix 2.3, the search string is not case folded with database types + such as <a href="regexp_table.5.html">regexp</a>: or <a href="pcre_table.5.html">pcre</a>: whose lookup fields can match both upper and + lower case. + +<b>TABLE FORMAT</b> + The input format for the <a href="postmap.1.html"><b>postmap</b>(1)</a> command is as follows: + + <i>pattern address, address, ...</i> + When <i>pattern</i> matches a mail address, replace it by the corre- + sponding <i>address</i>. + + blank lines and comments + Empty lines and whitespace-only lines are ignored, as are lines + whose first non-whitespace character is a `#'. + + multi-line text + A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that + starts with whitespace continues a logical line. + +<b>TABLE SEARCH ORDER</b> + With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked + tables such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, each <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> query produces a + sequence of query patterns as described below. + + Each query pattern is sent to each specified lookup table before trying + the next query pattern, until a match is found. + + <i>user</i>@<i>domain address, address, ...</i> + Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form has the + highest precedence. + + <i>user address, address, ...</i> + Redirect mail for <i>user</i>@<i>site</i> to <i>address</i> when <i>site</i> is equal to + $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>, when <i>site</i> is listed in $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b>, or when it is + listed in $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a></b> or $<b><a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a></b>. + + This functionality overlaps with functionality of the local + <i>aliases</i>(5) database. The difference is that <a href="virtual.5.html"><b>virtual</b>(5)</a> mapping + can be applied to non-local addresses. + + @<i>domain address, address, ...</i> + Redirect mail for other users in <i>domain</i> to <i>address</i>. This form + has the lowest precedence. + + Note: @<i>domain</i> is a wild-card. With this form, the Postfix SMTP + server accepts mail for any recipient in <i>domain</i>, regardless of + whether that recipient exists. This may turn your mail system + into a backscatter source: Postfix first accepts mail for + non-existent recipients and then tries to return that mail as + "undeliverable" to the often forged sender address. + + To avoid backscatter with mail for a wild-card domain, replace + the wild-card mapping with explicit 1:1 mappings, or add a + <a href="postconf.5.html#reject_unverified_recipient">reject_unverified_recipient</a> restriction for that domain: + + <a href="postconf.5.html#smtpd_recipient_restrictions">smtpd_recipient_restrictions</a> = + ... + <a href="postconf.5.html#reject_unauth_destination">reject_unauth_destination</a> + <a href="postconf.5.html#check_recipient_access">check_recipient_access</a> + <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">inline</a>:{example.com=<a href="postconf.5.html#reject_unverified_recipient">reject_unverified_recipient</a>} + <a href="postconf.5.html#unverified_recipient_reject_code">unverified_recipient_reject_code</a> = 550 + + In the above example, Postfix may contact a remote server if the + recipient is aliased to a remote address. + +<b>RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING</b> + The lookup result is subject to address rewriting: + + <b>o</b> When the result has the form @<i>otherdomain</i>, the result becomes + the same <i>user</i> in <i>otherdomain</i>. This works only for the first + address in a multi-address lookup result. + + <b>o</b> When "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_at_myorigin">append_at_myorigin</a>=yes</b>", append "<b>@$<a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a></b>" to addresses + without "@domain". + + <b>o</b> When "<b><a href="postconf.5.html#append_dot_mydomain">append_dot_mydomain</a>=yes</b>", append "<b>.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a></b>" to addresses + without ".domain". + +<b>ADDRESS EXTENSION</b> + When a mail address localpart contains the optional recipient delimiter + (e.g., <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>), the lookup order becomes: <i>user+foo</i>@<i>domain</i>, + <i>user</i>@<i>domain</i>, <i>user+foo</i>, <i>user</i>, and @<i>domain</i>. + + The <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a></b> parameter controls whether an + unmatched address extension (<i>+foo</i>) is propagated to the result of table + lookup. + +<b>VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS</b> + Besides virtual aliases, the virtual alias table can also be used to + implement <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domains</a>. With a virtual alias domain, all + recipient addresses are aliased to addresses in other domains. + + Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox + domains that are implemented with the Postfix <a href="virtual.8.html"><b>virtual</b>(8)</a> mail delivery + agent. With virtual mailbox domains, each recipient address can have + its own mailbox. + + With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the virtual domain has its own user name + space. Local (i.e. non-virtual) usernames are not visible in a virtual + alias domain. In particular, local <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> and local mailing lists + are not visible as <i>localname@virtual-alias.domain</i>. + + Support for a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> looks like: + + /etc/postfix/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>: + <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> = <a href="DATABASE_README.html#types">hash</a>:/etc/postfix/virtual + + Note: some systems use <b>dbm</b> databases instead of <b>hash</b>. See the output + from "<b>postconf -m</b>" for available database types. + + /etc/postfix/virtual: + <i>virtual-alias.domain anything</i> (right-hand content does not matter) + <i>postmaster@virtual-alias.domain postmaster</i> + <i>user1@virtual-alias.domain address1</i> + <i>user2@virtual-alias.domain address2, address3</i> + + The <i>virtual-alias.domain anything</i> entry is required for a virtual alias + domain. <b>Without this entry, mail is rejected with "relay access</b> + <b>denied", or bounces with "mail loops back to myself".</b> + + Do not specify <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a> names in the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b> + or <b><a href="postconf.5.html#relay_domains">relay_domains</a></b> configuration parameters. + + With a <a href="ADDRESS_CLASS_README.html#virtual_alias_class">virtual alias domain</a>, the Postfix SMTP server accepts mail for + <i>known-user@virtual-alias.domain</i>, and rejects mail for <i>unknown-user</i>@<i>vir-</i> + <i>tual-alias.domain</i> as undeliverable. + + Instead of specifying the virtual alias domain name via the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">vir</a>-</b> + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">tual_alias_maps</a></b> table, you may also specify it via the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">vir-</b> + <b>tual_alias_domains</a></b> configuration parameter. This latter parameter uses + the same syntax as the <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</a> <a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a></b> configuration parameter. + +<b>REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES</b> + This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is + given in the form of regular expressions. For a description of regular + expression lookup table syntax, see <a href="regexp_table.5.html"><b>regexp_table</b>(5)</a> or <a href="pcre_table.5.html"><b>pcre_table</b>(5)</a>. + + Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire + address being looked up. Thus, <i>user@domain</i> mail addresses are not bro- + ken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> constituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i> + broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>. + + Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a + pattern is found that matches the search string. + + Results are the same as with indexed file lookups, with the additional + feature that parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpo- + lated as <b>$1</b>, <b>$2</b> and so on. + +<b>TCP-BASED TABLES</b> + This section describes how the table lookups change when lookups are + directed to a TCP-based server. For a description of the TCP + client/server lookup protocol, see <a href="tcp_table.5.html"><b>tcp_table</b>(5)</a>. This feature is not + available up to and including Postfix version 2.4. + + Each lookup operation uses the entire address once. Thus, <i>user@domain</i> + mail addresses are not broken up into their <i>user</i> and <i>@domain</i> con- + stituent parts, nor is <i>user+foo</i> broken up into <i>user</i> and <i>foo</i>. + + Results are the same as with indexed file lookups. + +<b>BUGS</b> + The table format does not understand quoting conventions. + +<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b> + The following <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> parameters are especially relevant to this topic. + See the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> file for syntax details and for default values. + Use the "<b>postfix reload</b>" command after a configuration change. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_maps">virtual_maps</a>)</b> + Optional lookup tables that alias specific mail addresses or + domains to other local or remote address. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_domains">virtual_alias_domains</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#virtual_alias_maps">virtual_alias_maps</a>)</b> + Postfix is final destination for the specified list of virtual + alias domains, that is, domains for which all addresses are + aliased to addresses in other local or remote domains. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#propagate_unmatched_extensions">propagate_unmatched_extensions</a> (canonical, virtual)</b> + What address lookup tables copy an address extension from the + lookup key to the lookup result. + + Other parameters of interest: + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> (all)</b> + The network interface addresses that this mail system receives + mail on. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#mydestination">mydestination</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a>, localhost.$<a href="postconf.5.html#mydomain">mydomain</a>, localhost)</b> + The list of domains that are delivered via the $<a href="postconf.5.html#local_transport">local_transport</a> + mail delivery transport. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#myorigin">myorigin</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#myhostname">myhostname</a>)</b> + The domain name that locally-posted mail appears to come from, + and that locally posted mail is delivered to. + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#owner_request_special">owner_request_special</a> (yes)</b> + Enable special treatment for owner-<i>listname</i> entries in the + <a href="aliases.5.html"><b>aliases</b>(5)</a> file, and don't split owner-<i>listname</i> and <i>list-</i> + <i>name</i>-request address localparts when the <a href="postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter">recipient_delimiter</a> is + set to "-". + + <b><a href="postconf.5.html#proxy_interfaces">proxy_interfaces</a> (empty)</b> + The network interface addresses that this mail system receives + mail on by way of a proxy or network address translation unit. + +<b>SEE ALSO</b> + <a href="cleanup.8.html">cleanup(8)</a>, canonicalize and enqueue mail + <a href="postmap.1.html">postmap(1)</a>, Postfix lookup table manager + <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters + <a href="canonical.5.html">canonical(5)</a>, canonical address mapping + +<b>README FILES</b> + <a href="ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html">ADDRESS_REWRITING_README</a>, address rewriting guide + <a href="DATABASE_README.html">DATABASE_README</a>, Postfix lookup table overview + <a href="VIRTUAL_README.html">VIRTUAL_README</a>, domain hosting guide + +<b>LICENSE</b> + The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software. + +<b>AUTHOR(S)</b> + Wietse Venema + IBM T.J. Watson Research + P.O. Box 704 + Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA + + Wietse Venema + Google, Inc. + 111 8th Avenue + New York, NY 10011, USA + + VIRTUAL(5) +</pre> </body> </html> |