path: root/man/login.defs.5.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
   Copyright (c) 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
   Copyright (c) 1991 - 1993, Chip Rosenthal
   Copyright (c) 2007 - 2009, Nicolas François
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN" 
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY CHFN_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_AUTH.xml">
<!ENTITY CHFN_RESTRICT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHFN_RESTRICT.xml">
<!ENTITY CHSH_AUTH             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CHSH_AUTH.xml">
<!ENTITY CONSOLE               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE.xml">
<!ENTITY CONSOLE_GROUPS        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CONSOLE_GROUPS.xml">
<!ENTITY CREATE_HOME           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/CREATE_HOME.xml">
<!ENTITY DEFAULT_HOME          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/DEFAULT_HOME.xml">
<!ENTITY ENCRYPT_METHOD        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENCRYPT_METHOD.xml">
<!ENTITY ENV_HZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_HZ.xml">
<!ENTITY ENV_PATH              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_PATH.xml">
<!ENTITY ENV_SUPATH            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_SUPATH.xml">
<!ENTITY ENV_TZ                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENV_TZ.xml">
<!ENTITY ENVIRON_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ENVIRON_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY ERASECHAR             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ERASECHAR.xml">
<!ENTITY FAIL_DELAY            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAIL_DELAY.xml">
<!ENTITY FAILLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAILLOG_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY FAKE_SHELL            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FAKE_SHELL.xml">
<!ENTITY FTMP_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/FTMP_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY GID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/GID_MAX.xml">
<!ENTITY HUSHLOGIN_FILE        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/HUSHLOGIN_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY ISSUE_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ISSUE_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY KILLCHAR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/KILLCHAR.xml">
<!ENTITY LASTLOG_ENAB          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LASTLOG_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY LOG_OK_LOGINS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_OK_LOGINS.xml">
<!ENTITY LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY LOGIN_RETRIES         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_RETRIES.xml">
<!ENTITY LOGIN_STRING          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_STRING.xml">
<!ENTITY LOGIN_TIMEOUT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/LOGIN_TIMEOUT.xml">
<!ENTITY MAIL_CHECK_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_CHECK_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY MAIL_DIR              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAIL_DIR.xml">
<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
<!ENTITY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY MOTD_FILE             SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MOTD_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY NOLOGINS_FILE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/NOLOGINS_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB   SYSTEM "login.defs.d/OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_ALWAYS_WARN      SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_ALWAYS_WARN.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_CHANGE_TRIES     SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_CHANGE_TRIES.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_LEN          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_LEN.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
<!ENTITY PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY QUOTAS_ENAB           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/QUOTAS_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS  SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS.xml">
<!ENTITY SULOG_FILE            SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SULOG_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY SU_NAME               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_NAME.xml">
<!ENTITY SU_WHEEL_ONLY         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SU_WHEEL_ONLY.xml">
<!ENTITY SUB_GID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml">
<!ENTITY SUB_UID_COUNT         SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml">
<!ENTITY SYS_GID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_GID_MAX.xml">
<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SG_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SG_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY SYSLOG_SU_ENAB        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYSLOG_SU_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY SYS_UID_MAX           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/SYS_UID_MAX.xml">
<!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP        SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml">
<!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml">
<!ENTITY TTYGROUP              SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYGROUP.xml">
<!ENTITY TTYTYPE_FILE          SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TTYTYPE_FILE.xml">
<!ENTITY UID_MAX               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UID_MAX.xml">
<!ENTITY ULIMIT                SYSTEM "login.defs.d/ULIMIT.xml">
<!ENTITY UMASK                 SYSTEM "login.defs.d/UMASK.xml">
<!ENTITY USERDEL_CMD           SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERDEL_CMD.xml">
<!ENTITY USERGROUPS_ENAB       SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USERGROUPS_ENAB.xml">
<!ENTITY USE_TCB               SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
]>

<refentry id='login.defs.5'>
  <!--  $Id$ -->
  <refentryinfo>
    <author>
      <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
      <surname>Haugh</surname>
      <contrib>Creation, 1991</contrib>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstname>Thomas</firstname>
      <surname>Kłoczko</surname>
      <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
    </author>
    <author>
      <firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
      <surname>François</surname>
      <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
      <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
    </author>
  </refentryinfo>
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
    <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Conversions</refmiscinfo>
    <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
    <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
  </refmeta>
  <refnamediv id='name'>
    <refname>login.defs</refname>
    <refpurpose>shadow password suite configuration</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1 id='description'>
    <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
    <para>
      The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the
      site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file
      is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation,
      but will probably result in undesirable operation.
    </para>

    <para>
      This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing
      one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name
      and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are
      ignored. Comments are introduced with a "#" pound sign and the pound
      sign must be the first non-white character of the line.
    </para>

    <para>
      Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and
      long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A
      boolean should be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or
      <replaceable>no</replaceable>. An undefined boolean
      parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
      <replaceable>no</replaceable>
      value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values,
      octal values (precede the value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or
      hexadecimal values
      (precede the value with <replaceable>0x</replaceable>).
      The maximum value of the regular and
      long numeric parameters is machine-dependent.
    </para>

    <para>The following configuration items are provided:</para>

    <variablelist remap='IP'>
      &CHFN_AUTH;
      &CHFN_RESTRICT;
      &CHSH_AUTH;
      &CONSOLE;
      &CONSOLE_GROUPS;
      &CREATE_HOME;
      &DEFAULT_HOME;
      &ENCRYPT_METHOD;
      &ENV_HZ;
      &ENV_PATH;
      &ENV_SUPATH;
      &ENV_TZ;
      &ENVIRON_FILE;
      &ERASECHAR;
      &FAIL_DELAY;
      &FAILLOG_ENAB;
      &FAKE_SHELL;
      &FTMP_FILE;
      &GID_MAX; <!-- documents also GID_MIN -->
      &HUSHLOGIN_FILE;
      &ISSUE_FILE;
      &KILLCHAR;
      &LASTLOG_ENAB;
      &LOG_OK_LOGINS;
      &LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB;
      &LOGIN_RETRIES;
      &LOGIN_STRING;
      &LOGIN_TIMEOUT;
      &MAIL_CHECK_ENAB;
      &MAIL_DIR;
      &MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
      &MD5_CRYPT_ENAB;
      &MOTD_FILE;
      &NOLOGINS_FILE;
      &OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB;
      &PASS_ALWAYS_WARN;
      &PASS_CHANGE_TRIES;
      &PASS_MAX_DAYS;
      &PASS_MIN_DAYS;
      &PASS_WARN_AGE;
      <para> 
        <option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and
        <option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the
        time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect
        existing accounts.
      </para>
      &PASS_MAX_LEN; <!-- documents also PASS_MIN_LEN -->
      &PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB;
      &QUOTAS_ENAB;
      &SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS; <!-- documents also SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS -->
      &SULOG_FILE;
      &SU_NAME;
      &SU_WHEEL_ONLY;
      &SUB_GID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_MAX -->
      &SUB_UID_COUNT; <!-- documents also SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_MAX -->
      &SYS_GID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_GID_MIN -->
      &SYS_UID_MAX; <!-- documents also SYS_UID_MIN -->
      &SYSLOG_SG_ENAB;
      &SYSLOG_SU_ENAB;
      &TCB_AUTH_GROUP;
      &TCB_SYMLINKS;
      &TTYGROUP;
      &TTYTYPE_FILE;
      &UID_MAX; <!-- documents also UID_MIN -->
      &ULIMIT;
      &UMASK;
      &USERDEL_CMD;
      &USERGROUPS_ENAB;
      &USE_TCB;
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id='cross_references'>
    <title>CROSS REFERENCES</title>
    <para>
      The following cross references show which programs in the shadow
      password suite use which parameters.
    </para>
    <!-- .na -->
    <variablelist remap='IP'>
      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
	<term>chage</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>USE_TCB</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>chfn</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CHFN_AUTH</phrase>
	    CHFN_RESTRICT
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>chgpasswd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>chpasswd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENCRYPT_METHOD
	    MD5_CRYPT_ENAB </phrase>
	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry condition="no_pam">
	<term>chsh</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <!-- expiry: no variables (CONSOLE_GROUPS linked, but not used) -->
      <!-- faillog: no variables -->
      <varlistentry>
	<term>gpasswd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>groupadd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>groupdel</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>groupmems</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>groupmod</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <!-- groups: no variables -->
      <varlistentry>
	<term>grpck</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>grpconv</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>grpunconv</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <!-- id: no variables -->
      <!-- lastlog: no variables -->
      <varlistentry>
	<term>login</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CONSOLE</phrase>
	    CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
	    ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase>
	    ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">FAILLOG_ENAB</phrase>
	    FAKE_SHELL
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">FTMP_FILE</phrase>
	    HUSHLOGIN_FILE
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ISSUE_FILE</phrase>
	    KILLCHAR
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase>
	    LOGIN_RETRIES
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>
	    LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE
	    MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB
	    QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase>
	    TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ULIMIT UMASK</phrase>
	    USERGROUPS_ENAB
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <!-- logoutd: no variables -->
      <varlistentry>
	<term>newgrp / sg</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>newusers</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    ENCRYPT_METHOD
	    GID_MAX GID_MIN
	    MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
	    SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN
	    SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN
	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN
	    UMASK
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <!-- nologin: no variables -->
      <varlistentry condition="no_pam">
	<term>passwd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB
	    PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
	    <phrase condition="sha_crypt">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS
	    SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>pwck</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>pwconv</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
	<term>pwunconv</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>su</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">CONSOLE</phrase>
	    CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase>
	    ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB
	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase>
	    SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase>
	    SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>sulogin</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    ENV_HZ
	    <phrase condition="no_pam">ENV_TZ</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>useradd</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    CREATE_HOME
	    GID_MAX GID_MIN
	    MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
	    PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
	    SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN
	    SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN
	    SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN
	    UMASK
	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>userdel</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD
	    USERGROUPS_ENAB
	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
	<term>usermod</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
	    <phrase condition="tcb">TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry condition="tcb">
	<term>vipw</term>
	<listitem>
	  <para>
	    <phrase condition="tcb">USE_TCB</phrase>
	  </para>
	</listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id='bugs' condition="pam">
    <title>BUGS</title>
    <para>
      Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow
      password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus,
      <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> is no longer used by <citerefentry>
      <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>, or less used by <citerefentry>
      <refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>, and <citerefentry>
      <refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration
      files instead.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id='see_also'>
    <title>SEE ALSO</title>
    <para>
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
	<refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>
</refentry>