diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/docsite/rst/playbook_guide/playbooks_error_handling.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/docsite/rst/playbook_guide/playbooks_error_handling.rst | 279 |
1 files changed, 279 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/docsite/rst/playbook_guide/playbooks_error_handling.rst b/docs/docsite/rst/playbook_guide/playbooks_error_handling.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d94fc1e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/docsite/rst/playbook_guide/playbooks_error_handling.rst @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ +.. _playbooks_error_handling: + +*************************** +Error handling in playbooks +*************************** + +When Ansible receives a non-zero return code from a command or a failure from a module, by default it stops executing on that host and continues on other hosts. However, in some circumstances you may want different behavior. Sometimes a non-zero return code indicates success. Sometimes you want a failure on one host to stop execution on all hosts. Ansible provides tools and settings to handle these situations and help you get the behavior, output, and reporting you want. + +.. contents:: + :local: + +.. _ignoring_failed_commands: + +Ignoring failed commands +======================== + +By default Ansible stops executing tasks on a host when a task fails on that host. You can use ``ignore_errors`` to continue on in spite of the failure. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: Do not count this as a failure + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/false + ignore_errors: true + +The ``ignore_errors`` directive only works when the task is able to run and returns a value of 'failed'. It does not make Ansible ignore undefined variable errors, connection failures, execution issues (for example, missing packages), or syntax errors. + +.. _ignore_unreachable: + +Ignoring unreachable host errors +================================ + +.. versionadded:: 2.7 + +You can ignore a task failure due to the host instance being 'UNREACHABLE' with the ``ignore_unreachable`` keyword. Ansible ignores the task errors, but continues to execute future tasks against the unreachable host. For example, at the task level: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: This executes, fails, and the failure is ignored + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/true + ignore_unreachable: true + + - name: This executes, fails, and ends the play for this host + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/true + +And at the playbook level: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - hosts: all + ignore_unreachable: true + tasks: + - name: This executes, fails, and the failure is ignored + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/true + + - name: This executes, fails, and ends the play for this host + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/true + ignore_unreachable: false + +.. _resetting_unreachable: + +Resetting unreachable hosts +=========================== + +If Ansible cannot connect to a host, it marks that host as 'UNREACHABLE' and removes it from the list of active hosts for the run. You can use `meta: clear_host_errors` to reactivate all hosts, so subsequent tasks can try to reach them again. + + +.. _handlers_and_failure: + +Handlers and failure +==================== + +Ansible runs :ref:`handlers <handlers>` at the end of each play. If a task notifies a handler but +another task fails later in the play, by default the handler does *not* run on that host, +which may leave the host in an unexpected state. For example, a task could update +a configuration file and notify a handler to restart some service. If a +task later in the same play fails, the configuration file might be changed but +the service will not be restarted. + +You can change this behavior with the ``--force-handlers`` command-line option, +by including ``force_handlers: True`` in a play, or by adding ``force_handlers = True`` +to ansible.cfg. When handlers are forced, Ansible will run all notified handlers on +all hosts, even hosts with failed tasks. (Note that certain errors could still prevent +the handler from running, such as a host becoming unreachable.) + +.. _controlling_what_defines_failure: + +Defining failure +================ + +Ansible lets you define what "failure" means in each task using the ``failed_when`` conditional. As with all conditionals in Ansible, lists of multiple ``failed_when`` conditions are joined with an implicit ``and``, meaning the task only fails when *all* conditions are met. If you want to trigger a failure when any of the conditions is met, you must define the conditions in a string with an explicit ``or`` operator. + +You may check for failure by searching for a word or phrase in the output of a command + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: Fail task when the command error output prints FAILED + ansible.builtin.command: /usr/bin/example-command -x -y -z + register: command_result + failed_when: "'FAILED' in command_result.stderr" + +or based on the return code + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: Fail task when both files are identical + ansible.builtin.raw: diff foo/file1 bar/file2 + register: diff_cmd + failed_when: diff_cmd.rc == 0 or diff_cmd.rc >= 2 + +You can also combine multiple conditions for failure. This task will fail if both conditions are true: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: Check if a file exists in temp and fail task if it does + ansible.builtin.command: ls /tmp/this_should_not_be_here + register: result + failed_when: + - result.rc == 0 + - '"No such" not in result.stdout' + +If you want the task to fail when only one condition is satisfied, change the ``failed_when`` definition to + +.. code-block:: yaml + + failed_when: result.rc == 0 or "No such" not in result.stdout + +If you have too many conditions to fit neatly into one line, you can split it into a multi-line YAML value with ``>``. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: example of many failed_when conditions with OR + ansible.builtin.shell: "./myBinary" + register: ret + failed_when: > + ("No such file or directory" in ret.stdout) or + (ret.stderr != '') or + (ret.rc == 10) + +.. _override_the_changed_result: + +Defining "changed" +================== + +Ansible lets you define when a particular task has "changed" a remote node using the ``changed_when`` conditional. This lets you determine, based on return codes or output, whether a change should be reported in Ansible statistics and whether a handler should be triggered or not. As with all conditionals in Ansible, lists of multiple ``changed_when`` conditions are joined with an implicit ``and``, meaning the task only reports a change when *all* conditions are met. If you want to report a change when any of the conditions is met, you must define the conditions in a string with an explicit ``or`` operator. For example: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + tasks: + + - name: Report 'changed' when the return code is not equal to 2 + ansible.builtin.shell: /usr/bin/billybass --mode="take me to the river" + register: bass_result + changed_when: "bass_result.rc != 2" + + - name: This will never report 'changed' status + ansible.builtin.shell: wall 'beep' + changed_when: False + +You can also combine multiple conditions to override "changed" result. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - name: Combine multiple conditions to override 'changed' result + ansible.builtin.command: /bin/fake_command + register: result + ignore_errors: True + changed_when: + - '"ERROR" in result.stderr' + - result.rc == 2 + +.. note:: + + Just like ``when`` these two conditionals do not require templating delimiters (``{{ }}``) as they are implied. + +See :ref:`controlling_what_defines_failure` for more conditional syntax examples. + +Ensuring success for command and shell +====================================== + +The :ref:`command <command_module>` and :ref:`shell <shell_module>` modules care about return codes, so if you have a command whose successful exit code is not zero, you can do this: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + tasks: + - name: Run this command and ignore the result + ansible.builtin.shell: /usr/bin/somecommand || /bin/true + + +Aborting a play on all hosts +============================ + +Sometimes you want a failure on a single host, or failures on a certain percentage of hosts, to abort the entire play on all hosts. You can stop play execution after the first failure happens with ``any_errors_fatal``. For finer-grained control, you can use ``max_fail_percentage`` to abort the run after a given percentage of hosts has failed. + +Aborting on the first error: any_errors_fatal +--------------------------------------------- + +If you set ``any_errors_fatal`` and a task returns an error, Ansible finishes the fatal task on all hosts in the current batch, then stops executing the play on all hosts. Subsequent tasks and plays are not executed. You can recover from fatal errors by adding a :ref:`rescue section <block_error_handling>` to the block. You can set ``any_errors_fatal`` at the play or block level. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - hosts: somehosts + any_errors_fatal: true + roles: + - myrole + + - hosts: somehosts + tasks: + - block: + - include_tasks: mytasks.yml + any_errors_fatal: true + +You can use this feature when all tasks must be 100% successful to continue playbook execution. For example, if you run a service on machines in multiple data centers with load balancers to pass traffic from users to the service, you want all load balancers to be disabled before you stop the service for maintenance. To ensure that any failure in the task that disables the load balancers will stop all other tasks: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + --- + - hosts: load_balancers_dc_a + any_errors_fatal: true + + tasks: + - name: Shut down datacenter 'A' + ansible.builtin.command: /usr/bin/disable-dc + + - hosts: frontends_dc_a + + tasks: + - name: Stop service + ansible.builtin.command: /usr/bin/stop-software + + - name: Update software + ansible.builtin.command: /usr/bin/upgrade-software + + - hosts: load_balancers_dc_a + + tasks: + - name: Start datacenter 'A' + ansible.builtin.command: /usr/bin/enable-dc + +In this example Ansible starts the software upgrade on the front ends only if all of the load balancers are successfully disabled. + +.. _maximum_failure_percentage: + +Setting a maximum failure percentage +------------------------------------ + +By default, Ansible continues to execute tasks as long as there are hosts that have not yet failed. In some situations, such as when executing a rolling update, you may want to abort the play when a certain threshold of failures has been reached. To achieve this, you can set a maximum failure percentage on a play: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + --- + - hosts: webservers + max_fail_percentage: 30 + serial: 10 + +The ``max_fail_percentage`` setting applies to each batch when you use it with :ref:`serial <rolling_update_batch_size>`. In the example above, if more than 3 of the 10 servers in the first (or any) batch of servers failed, the rest of the play would be aborted. + +.. note:: + + The percentage set must be exceeded, not equaled. For example, if serial were set to 4 and you wanted the task to abort the play when 2 of the systems failed, set the max_fail_percentage at 49 rather than 50. + +Controlling errors in blocks +============================ + +You can also use blocks to define responses to task errors. This approach is similar to exception handling in many programming languages. See :ref:`block_error_handling` for details and examples. + +.. seealso:: + + :ref:`playbooks_intro` + An introduction to playbooks + :ref:`tips_and_tricks` + Tips and tricks for playbooks + :ref:`playbooks_conditionals` + Conditional statements in playbooks + :ref:`playbooks_variables` + All about variables + `User Mailing List <https://groups.google.com/group/ansible-devel>`_ + Have a question? Stop by the google group! + :ref:`communication_irc` + How to join Ansible chat channels |