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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 15:01:30 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-04-07 15:01:30 +0000
commit6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17 (patch)
tree1ce8673d4aaa948e5554000101f46536a1e4cc29 /docs/manual/suexec.html.en
parentInitial commit. (diff)
downloadapache2-6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17.tar.xz
apache2-6beeb1b708550be0d4a53b272283e17e5e35fe17.zip
Adding upstream version 2.4.57.upstream/2.4.57
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
+<meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
+<!--
+ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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+ -->
+<title>suEXEC Support - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</title>
+<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
+<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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+<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript">
+</script>
+
+<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4</p>
+<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="./">Version 2.4</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>suEXEC Support</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/suexec.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./fr/suexec.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./ja/suexec.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./ko/suexec.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./tr/suexec.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div>
+
+ <p>The <strong>suEXEC</strong> feature provides users of the Apache
+ HTTP Server the ability
+ to run <strong>CGI</strong> and <strong>SSI</strong> programs
+ under user IDs different from the user ID of the calling
+ web server. Normally, when a CGI or SSI program executes, it
+ runs as the same user who is running the web server.</p>
+
+ <p>Used properly, this feature can reduce
+ considerably the security risks involved with allowing users to
+ develop and run private CGI or SSI programs. However, if suEXEC
+ is improperly configured, it can cause any number of problems
+ and possibly create new holes in your computer's security. If
+ you aren't familiar with managing <em>setuid root</em> programs
+ and the security issues they present, we highly recommend that
+ you not consider using suEXEC.</p>
+ </div>
+<div id="quickview"><a href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/contributing.html" class="badge"><img src="https://www.apache.org/images/SupportApache-small.png" alt="Support Apache!" /></a><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#before">Before we begin</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#model">suEXEC Security Model</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#install">Configuring &amp; Installing
+ suEXEC</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#enable">Enabling &amp; Disabling
+ suEXEC</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Using suEXEC</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#debug">Debugging suEXEC</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#jabberwock">Beware the Jabberwock:
+ Warnings &amp; Examples</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="before" id="before">Before we begin</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Before jumping head-first into this document,
+ you should be aware that certain assumptions are made about you and
+ the environment in which you will be using suexec.</p>
+
+ <p>First, it is assumed that you are using a UNIX
+ derivative operating system that is capable of
+ <strong>setuid</strong> and <strong>setgid</strong> operations.
+ All command examples are given in this regard. Other platforms,
+ if they are capable of supporting suEXEC, may differ in their
+ configuration.</p>
+
+ <p>Second, it is assumed you are familiar with
+ some basic concepts of your computer's security and its
+ administration. This involves an understanding of
+ <strong>setuid/setgid</strong> operations and the various
+ effects they may have on your system and its level of
+ security.</p>
+
+ <p>Third, it is assumed that you are using an
+ <strong>unmodified</strong> version of suEXEC code. All code
+ for suEXEC has been carefully scrutinized and tested by the
+ developers as well as numerous beta testers. Every precaution
+ has been taken to ensure a simple yet solidly safe base of
+ code. Altering this code can cause unexpected problems and new
+ security risks. It is <strong>highly</strong> recommended you
+ not alter the suEXEC code unless you are well versed in the
+ particulars of security programming and are willing to share
+ your work with the Apache HTTP Server development team for consideration.</p>
+
+ <p>Fourth, and last, it has been the decision of
+ the Apache HTTP Server development team to <strong>NOT</strong> make suEXEC part of
+ the default installation of Apache httpd. To this end, suEXEC
+ configuration requires of the administrator careful attention
+ to details. After due consideration has been given to the
+ various settings for suEXEC, the administrator may install
+ suEXEC through normal installation methods. The values for
+ these settings need to be carefully determined and specified by
+ the administrator to properly maintain system security during
+ the use of suEXEC functionality. It is through this detailed
+ process that we hope to limit suEXEC
+ installation only to those who are careful and determined
+ enough to use it.</p>
+
+ <p>Still with us? Yes? Good. Let's move on!</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="model" id="model">suEXEC Security Model</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Before we begin configuring and installing
+ suEXEC, we will first discuss the security model you are about
+ to implement. By doing so, you may better understand what
+ exactly is going on inside suEXEC and what precautions are
+ taken to ensure your system's security.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>suEXEC</strong> is based on a setuid
+ "wrapper" program that is called by the main Apache HTTP Server.
+ This wrapper is called when an HTTP request is made for a CGI
+ or SSI program that the administrator has designated to run as
+ a userid other than that of the main server. When such a
+ request is made, Apache httpd provides the suEXEC wrapper with the
+ program's name and the user and group IDs under which the
+ program is to execute.</p>
+
+ <p>The wrapper then employs the following process
+ to determine success or failure -- if any one of these
+ conditions fail, the program logs the failure and exits with an
+ error, otherwise it will continue:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the user executing this wrapper a valid user of
+ this system?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ This is to ensure that the user executing the wrapper is
+ truly a user of the system.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Was the wrapper called with the proper number of
+ arguments?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ The wrapper will only execute if it is given the proper
+ number of arguments. The proper argument format is known
+ to the Apache HTTP Server. If the wrapper is not receiving
+ the proper number of arguments, it is either being
+ hacked, or there is something wrong with the suEXEC
+ portion of your Apache httpd binary.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is this valid user allowed to run the
+ wrapper?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Is this user the user allowed to run this wrapper? Only
+ one user (the Apache user) is allowed to execute this
+ program.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Does the target CGI or SSI program have an unsafe
+ hierarchical reference?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Does the target CGI or SSI program's path contain a leading
+ '/' or have a '..' backreference? These are not allowed; the
+ target CGI/SSI program must reside within suEXEC's document
+ root (see <code>--with-suexec-docroot=<em>DIR</em></code>
+ below).
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target user name valid?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Does the target user exist?
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target group name valid?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Does the target group exist?
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target user <em>NOT</em> superuser?</strong>
+
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ suEXEC does not allow <code><em>root</em></code>
+ to execute CGI/SSI programs.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target userid <em>ABOVE</em> the minimum ID
+ number?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ The minimum user ID number is specified during
+ configuration. This allows you to set the lowest possible
+ userid that will be allowed to execute CGI/SSI programs.
+ This is useful to block out "system" accounts.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target group <em>NOT</em> the superuser
+ group?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Presently, suEXEC does not allow the <code><em>root</em></code>
+ group to execute CGI/SSI programs.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target groupid <em>ABOVE</em> the minimum ID
+ number?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ The minimum group ID number is specified during
+ configuration. This allows you to set the lowest possible
+ groupid that will be allowed to execute CGI/SSI programs.
+ This is useful to block out "system" groups.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Can the wrapper successfully become the target user
+ and group?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Here is where the program becomes the target user and
+ group via setuid and setgid calls. The group access list
+ is also initialized with all of the groups of which the
+ user is a member.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Can we change directory to the one in which the target
+ CGI/SSI program resides?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ If it doesn't exist, it can't very well contain files. If we
+ can't change directory to it, it might as well not exist.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the directory within the httpd webspace?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ If the request is for a regular portion of the server, is
+ the requested directory within suEXEC's document root? If
+ the request is for a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code>, is the requested directory
+ within the directory configured as suEXEC's userdir (see
+ <a href="#install">suEXEC's configuration options</a>)?
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the directory <em>NOT</em> writable by anyone
+ else?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ We don't want to open up the directory to others; only
+ the owner user may be able to alter this directories
+ contents.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Does the target CGI/SSI program exist?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ If it doesn't exists, it can't very well be executed.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target CGI/SSI program <em>NOT</em> writable
+ by anyone else?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ We don't want to give anyone other than the owner the
+ ability to change the CGI/SSI program.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target CGI/SSI program <em>NOT</em> setuid or
+ setgid?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ We do not want to execute programs that will then change
+ our UID/GID again.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Is the target user/group the same as the program's
+ user/group?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Is the user the owner of the file?
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Can we successfully clean the process environment
+ to ensure safe operations?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ suEXEC cleans the process's environment by establishing a
+ safe execution PATH (defined during configuration), as
+ well as only passing through those variables whose names
+ are listed in the safe environment list (also created
+ during configuration).
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <strong>Can we successfully become the target CGI/SSI program
+ and execute?</strong>
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Here is where suEXEC ends and the target CGI/SSI program begins.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>This is the standard operation of the
+ suEXEC wrapper's security model. It is somewhat stringent and
+ can impose new limitations and guidelines for CGI/SSI design,
+ but it was developed carefully step-by-step with security in
+ mind.</p>
+
+ <p>For more information as to how this security
+ model can limit your possibilities in regards to server
+ configuration, as well as what security risks can be avoided
+ with a proper suEXEC setup, see the <a href="#jabberwock">"Beware the Jabberwock"</a> section of this
+ document.</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="install" id="install">Configuring &amp; Installing
+ suEXEC</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Here's where we begin the fun.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>suEXEC configuration
+ options</strong><br />
+ </p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt><code>--enable-suexec</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>This option enables the suEXEC feature which is never
+ installed or activated by default. At least one
+ <code>--with-suexec-xxxxx</code> option has to be provided
+ together with the <code>--enable-suexec</code> option to let
+ APACI accept your request for using the suEXEC feature.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-bin=<em>PATH</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>The path to the <code>suexec</code> binary must be hard-coded
+ in the server for security reasons. Use this option to override
+ the default path. <em>e.g.</em>
+ <code>--with-suexec-bin=/usr/sbin/suexec</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-caller=<em>UID</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href="mod/mpm_common.html#user">username</a> under which
+ httpd normally runs. This is the only user allowed to
+ execute the suEXEC wrapper.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-userdir=<em>DIR</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Define to be the subdirectory under users' home
+ directories where suEXEC access should be allowed. All
+ executables under this directory will be executable by suEXEC
+ as the user so they should be "safe" programs. If you are
+ using a "simple" <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code>
+ directive (ie. one without a "*" in it) this should be set to the same
+ value. suEXEC will not work properly in cases where the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> directive points to
+ a location that is not the same as the user's home directory
+ as referenced in the <code>passwd</code> file. Default value is
+ "<code>public_html</code>".<br />
+ If you have virtual hosts with a different <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code> for each,
+ you will need to define them to all reside in one parent
+ directory; then name that parent directory here. <strong>If
+ this is not defined properly, "~userdir" cgi requests will
+ not work!</strong></dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-docroot=<em>DIR</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Define as the DocumentRoot set for httpd. This will be
+ the only hierarchy (aside from <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code>s) that can be used for suEXEC behavior. The
+ default directory is the <code>--datadir</code> value with the suffix
+ "<code>/htdocs</code>", <em>e.g.</em> if you configure with
+ "<code>--datadir=/home/apache</code>" the directory
+ "<code>/home/apache/htdocs</code>" is used as document root for the
+ suEXEC wrapper.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-uidmin=<em>UID</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Define this as the lowest UID allowed to be a target user
+ for suEXEC. For most systems, 500 or 100 is common. Default
+ value is 100.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-gidmin=<em>GID</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Define this as the lowest GID allowed to be a target
+ group for suEXEC. For most systems, 100 is common and
+ therefore used as default value.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-logfile=<em>FILE</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>This defines the filename to which all suEXEC
+ transactions and errors are logged (useful for auditing and
+ debugging purposes). By default the logfile is named
+ "<code>suexec_log</code>" and located in your standard logfile
+ directory (<code>--logfiledir</code>).</dd>
+
+ <dt><code>--with-suexec-safepath=<em>PATH</em></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Define a safe PATH environment to pass to CGI
+ executables. Default value is
+ "<code>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</code>".</dd>
+ </dl>
+
+ <h3>Compiling and installing the suEXEC wrapper</h3>
+
+
+ <p>If you have enabled the suEXEC feature with the
+ <code>--enable-suexec</code> option the <code>suexec</code> binary
+ (together with httpd itself) is automatically built if you execute
+ the <code>make</code> command.</p>
+
+ <p>After all components have been built you can execute the
+ command <code>make install</code> to install them. The binary image
+ <code>suexec</code> is installed in the directory defined by the
+ <code>--sbindir</code> option. The default location is
+ "/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec".</p>
+
+ <p>Please note that you need <strong><em>root
+ privileges</em></strong> for the installation step. In order
+ for the wrapper to set the user ID, it must be installed as
+ owner <code><em>root</em></code> and must have the setuserid
+ execution bit set for file modes.</p>
+
+
+ <h3>Setting paranoid permissions</h3>
+
+
+ <p>Although the suEXEC wrapper will check to ensure that its
+ caller is the correct user as specified with the
+ <code>--with-suexec-caller</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
+ option, there is
+ always the possibility that a system or library call suEXEC uses
+ before this check may be exploitable on your system. To counter
+ this, and because it is best-practise in general, you should use
+ filesystem permissions to ensure that only the group httpd
+ runs as may execute suEXEC.</p>
+
+ <p>If for example, your web server is configured to run as:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">User www
+Group webgroup</pre>
+
+
+ <p>and <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> is installed at
+ "/usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec", you should run:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ chgrp webgroup /usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec<br />
+ chmod 4750 /usr/local/apache2/bin/suexec<br />
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>This will ensure that only the group httpd runs as can even
+ execute the suEXEC wrapper.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="enable" id="enable">Enabling &amp; Disabling
+ suEXEC</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Upon startup of httpd, it looks for the file
+ <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> in the directory defined by the
+ <code>--sbindir</code> option (default is
+ "/usr/local/apache/sbin/suexec"). If httpd finds a properly
+ configured suEXEC wrapper, it will print the following message
+ to the error log:</p>
+
+<div class="example"><p><code>
+ [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: <var>/path/to/suexec</var>)
+</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>If you don't see this message at server startup, the server is
+ most likely not finding the wrapper program where it expects
+ it, or the executable is not installed <em>setuid root</em>.</p>
+
+ <p>If you want to enable the suEXEC mechanism for the first time
+ and an Apache HTTP Server is already running you must kill and
+ restart httpd. Restarting it with a simple HUP or USR1 signal
+ will not be enough. </p>
+ <p>If you want to disable suEXEC you should kill and restart
+ httpd after you have removed the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/suexec.html">suexec</a></code> file.</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Using suEXEC</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Requests for CGI programs will call the suEXEC wrapper only if
+ they are for a virtual host containing a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code> directive or if
+ they are processed by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Virtual Hosts:</strong><br /> One way to use the suEXEC
+ wrapper is through the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code> directive in
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code> definitions. By
+ setting this directive to values different from the main server
+ user ID, all requests for CGI resources will be executed as the
+ <em>User</em> and <em>Group</em> defined for that <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code>. If this
+ directive is not specified for a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</a></code> then the main server userid
+ is assumed.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>User directories:</strong><br /> Requests that are
+ processed by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code> will call the suEXEC
+ wrapper to execute CGI programs under the userid of the requested
+ user directory. The only requirement needed for this feature to
+ work is for CGI execution to be enabled for the user and that the
+ script must meet the scrutiny of the <a href="#model">security
+ checks</a> above. See also the
+ <code>--with-suexec-userdir</code> <a href="#install">compile
+ time option</a>.</p> </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="debug" id="debug">Debugging suEXEC</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The suEXEC wrapper will write log information
+ to the file defined with the <code>--with-suexec-logfile</code>
+ option as indicated above. If you feel you have configured and
+ installed the wrapper properly, have a look at this log and the
+ error_log for the server to see where you may have gone astray.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="jabberwock" id="jabberwock">Beware the Jabberwock:
+ Warnings &amp; Examples</a></h2>
+
+ <p><strong>NOTE!</strong> This section may not be
+ complete.</p>
+
+ <p>There are a few points of interest regarding
+ the wrapper that can cause limitations on server setup. Please
+ review these before submitting any "bugs" regarding suEXEC.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>suEXEC Points Of Interest</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+
+ <li>
+ Hierarchy limitations
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ For security and efficiency reasons, all suEXEC requests
+ must remain within either a top-level document root for
+ virtual host requests, or one top-level personal document
+ root for userdir requests. For example, if you have four
+ VirtualHosts configured, you would need to structure all
+ of your VHosts' document roots off of one main httpd
+ document hierarchy to take advantage of suEXEC for
+ VirtualHosts. (Example forthcoming.)
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ suEXEC's PATH environment variable
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ This can be a dangerous thing to change. Make certain
+ every path you include in this define is a
+ <strong>trusted</strong> directory. You don't want to
+ open people up to having someone from across the world
+ running a trojan horse on them.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ Altering the suEXEC code
+
+ <p class="indent">
+ Again, this can cause <strong>Big Trouble</strong> if you
+ try this without knowing what you are doing. Stay away
+ from it if at all possible.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+</div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/suexec.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./fr/suexec.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français">&nbsp;fr&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./ja/suexec.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese">&nbsp;ja&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./ko/suexec.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a> |
+<a href="./tr/suexec.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Libera.chat, or sent to our <a href="https://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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