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QEMU virt Armv8-A
=================
Trusted Firmware-A (TF-A) implements the EL3 firmware layer for QEMU virt
Armv8-A. BL1 is used as the BootROM, supplied with the -bios argument.
When QEMU starts all CPUs are released simultaneously, BL1 selects a
primary CPU to handle the boot and the secondaries are placed in a polling
loop to be released by normal world via PSCI.
BL2 edits the Flattened Device Tree, FDT, generated by QEMU at run-time to
add a node describing PSCI and also enable methods for the CPUs.
If ``ARM_LINUX_KERNEL_AS_BL33`` is set to 1 then this FDT will be passed to BL33
via register x0, as expected by a Linux kernel. This allows a Linux kernel image
to be booted directly as BL33 rather than using a bootloader.
An ARM64 defconfig v5.5 Linux kernel is known to boot, FDT doesn't need to be
provided as it's generated by QEMU.
Current limitations:
- Only cold boot is supported
Getting non-TF images
---------------------
``QEMU_EFI.fd`` can be downloaded from
http://snapshots.linaro.org/components/kernel/leg-virt-tianocore-edk2-upstream/latest/QEMU-KERNEL-AARCH64/RELEASE_GCC5/QEMU_EFI.fd
or, can be built as follows:
.. code:: shell
git clone https://github.com/tianocore/edk2.git
cd edk2
git submodule update --init
make -C BaseTools
source edksetup.sh
export GCC5_AARCH64_PREFIX=aarch64-linux-gnu-
build -a AARCH64 -t GCC5 -p ArmVirtPkg/ArmVirtQemuKernel.dsc
````
Then, you will get ``Build/ArmVirtQemuKernel-AARCH64/DEBUG_GCC5/FV/QEMU_EFI.fd``
Please note you do not need to use GCC 5 in spite of the environment variable
``GCC5_AARCH64_PREFIX``
The rootfs can be built by using Buildroot as follows:
.. code:: shell
git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot.git
cd buildroot
make qemu_aarch64_virt_defconfig
utils/config -e BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_CPIO
utils/config -e BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_CPIO_GZIP
make olddefconfig
make
Then, you will get ``output/images/rootfs.cpio.gz``.
Booting via semi-hosting option
-------------------------------
Boot binaries, except BL1, are primarily loaded via semi-hosting so all
binaries has to reside in the same directory as QEMU is started from. This
is conveniently achieved with symlinks the local names as:
- ``bl2.bin`` -> BL2
- ``bl31.bin`` -> BL31
- ``bl33.bin`` -> BL33 (``QEMU_EFI.fd``)
- ``Image`` -> linux/arch/arm64/boot/Image
To build:
.. code:: shell
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-none-elf- PLAT=qemu
To start (QEMU v5.0.0):
.. code:: shell
qemu-system-aarch64 -nographic -machine virt,secure=on -cpu cortex-a57 \
-kernel Image \
-append "console=ttyAMA0,38400 keep_bootcon" \
-initrd rootfs.cpio.gz -smp 2 -m 1024 -bios bl1.bin \
-d unimp -semihosting-config enable,target=native
Booting via flash based firmwares
---------------------------------
Boot firmwares are loaded via secure FLASH0 device so ``bl1.bin`` and
``fip.bin`` should be concatenated to create a ``flash.bin`` that is flashed
onto secure FLASH0.
- ``bl32.bin`` -> BL32 (``tee-header_v2.bin``)
- ``bl32_extra1.bin`` -> BL32 Extra1 (``tee-pager_v2.bin``)
- ``bl32_extra2.bin`` -> BL32 Extra2 (``tee-pageable_v2.bin``)
- ``bl33.bin`` -> BL33 (``QEMU_EFI.fd``)
- ``Image`` -> linux/arch/arm64/boot/Image
To build:
.. code:: shell
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- PLAT=qemu BL32=bl32.bin \
BL32_EXTRA1=bl32_extra1.bin BL32_EXTRA2=bl32_extra2.bin \
BL33=bl33.bin BL32_RAM_LOCATION=tdram SPD=opteed all fip
To build with TBBR enabled, BL31 and BL32 encrypted with test key:
.. code:: shell
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- PLAT=qemu BL32=bl32.bin \
BL32_EXTRA1=bl32_extra1.bin BL32_EXTRA2=bl32_extra2.bin \
BL33=bl33.bin BL32_RAM_LOCATION=tdram SPD=opteed all fip \
MBEDTLS_DIR=<path-to-mbedtls-repo> TRUSTED_BOARD_BOOT=1 \
GENERATE_COT=1 DECRYPTION_SUPPORT=aes_gcm FW_ENC_STATUS=0 \
ENCRYPT_BL31=1 ENCRYPT_BL32=1
To build flash.bin:
.. code:: shell
dd if=build/qemu/release/bl1.bin of=flash.bin bs=4096 conv=notrunc
dd if=build/qemu/release/fip.bin of=flash.bin seek=64 bs=4096 conv=notrunc
To start (QEMU v5.0.0):
.. code:: shell
qemu-system-aarch64 -nographic -machine virt,secure=on -cpu cortex-a57 \
-kernel Image -no-acpi \
-append 'console=ttyAMA0,38400 keep_bootcon' \
-initrd rootfs.cpio.gz -smp 2 -m 1024 -bios flash.bin \
-d unimp
Running QEMU in OpenCI
-----------------------
Linaro's continuous integration platform OpenCI supports running emulated tests
on QEMU. The tests are kicked off on Jenkins and deployed through the Linaro
Automation and Validation Architecture `LAVA`_.
There are a set of Linux boot tests provided in OpenCI. They rely on prebuilt
`binaries`_ for UEFI, the kernel, root file system, as well as, any other TF-A
dependencies, and are run as part of the OpenCI TF-A `daily job`_. To run them
manually, a `builder`_ job may be triggered with the test configuration
``qemu-boot-tests``.
You may see the following warning repeated several times in the boot logs:
.. code:: shell
pflash_write: Write to buffer emulation is flawed
Please ignore this as it is an unresolved `issue in QEMU`_, it is an internal
QEMU warning that logs flawed use of "write to buffer".
.. note::
For more information on how to trigger jobs in OpenCI, please refer to
Linaro's CI documentation, which explains how to trigger a `manual job`_.
.. _binaries: https://downloads.trustedfirmware.org/tf-a/linux_boot/
.. _daily job: https://ci.trustedfirmware.org/view/TF-A/job/tf-a-main/
.. _builder: https://ci.trustedfirmware.org/view/TF-A/job/tf-a-builder/
.. _LAVA: https://tf.validation.linaro.org/
.. _manual job: https://tf-ci-users-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#manual-job-trigger
.. _issue in QEMU: https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=blob;f=hw/block/pflash_cfi01.c;h=0cbc2fb4cbf62c9a033b8dd89012374ff74ed610;hb=refs/heads/master#l500
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