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-rw-r--r--src/runtime/mgcmark.go1591
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diff --git a/src/runtime/mgcmark.go b/src/runtime/mgcmark.go
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+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Garbage collector: marking and scanning
+
+package runtime
+
+import (
+ "internal/goarch"
+ "internal/goexperiment"
+ "runtime/internal/atomic"
+ "runtime/internal/sys"
+ "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+ fixedRootFinalizers = iota
+ fixedRootFreeGStacks
+ fixedRootCount
+
+ // rootBlockBytes is the number of bytes to scan per data or
+ // BSS root.
+ rootBlockBytes = 256 << 10
+
+ // maxObletBytes is the maximum bytes of an object to scan at
+ // once. Larger objects will be split up into "oblets" of at
+ // most this size. Since we can scan 1–2 MB/ms, 128 KB bounds
+ // scan preemption at ~100 µs.
+ //
+ // This must be > _MaxSmallSize so that the object base is the
+ // span base.
+ maxObletBytes = 128 << 10
+
+ // drainCheckThreshold specifies how many units of work to do
+ // between self-preemption checks in gcDrain. Assuming a scan
+ // rate of 1 MB/ms, this is ~100 µs. Lower values have higher
+ // overhead in the scan loop (the scheduler check may perform
+ // a syscall, so its overhead is nontrivial). Higher values
+ // make the system less responsive to incoming work.
+ drainCheckThreshold = 100000
+
+ // pagesPerSpanRoot indicates how many pages to scan from a span root
+ // at a time. Used by special root marking.
+ //
+ // Higher values improve throughput by increasing locality, but
+ // increase the minimum latency of a marking operation.
+ //
+ // Must be a multiple of the pageInUse bitmap element size and
+ // must also evenly divide pagesPerArena.
+ pagesPerSpanRoot = 512
+)
+
+// gcMarkRootPrepare queues root scanning jobs (stacks, globals, and
+// some miscellany) and initializes scanning-related state.
+//
+// The world must be stopped.
+func gcMarkRootPrepare() {
+ assertWorldStopped()
+
+ // Compute how many data and BSS root blocks there are.
+ nBlocks := func(bytes uintptr) int {
+ return int(divRoundUp(bytes, rootBlockBytes))
+ }
+
+ work.nDataRoots = 0
+ work.nBSSRoots = 0
+
+ // Scan globals.
+ for _, datap := range activeModules() {
+ nDataRoots := nBlocks(datap.edata - datap.data)
+ if nDataRoots > work.nDataRoots {
+ work.nDataRoots = nDataRoots
+ }
+ }
+
+ for _, datap := range activeModules() {
+ nBSSRoots := nBlocks(datap.ebss - datap.bss)
+ if nBSSRoots > work.nBSSRoots {
+ work.nBSSRoots = nBSSRoots
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Scan span roots for finalizer specials.
+ //
+ // We depend on addfinalizer to mark objects that get
+ // finalizers after root marking.
+ //
+ // We're going to scan the whole heap (that was available at the time the
+ // mark phase started, i.e. markArenas) for in-use spans which have specials.
+ //
+ // Break up the work into arenas, and further into chunks.
+ //
+ // Snapshot allArenas as markArenas. This snapshot is safe because allArenas
+ // is append-only.
+ mheap_.markArenas = mheap_.allArenas[:len(mheap_.allArenas):len(mheap_.allArenas)]
+ work.nSpanRoots = len(mheap_.markArenas) * (pagesPerArena / pagesPerSpanRoot)
+
+ // Scan stacks.
+ //
+ // Gs may be created after this point, but it's okay that we
+ // ignore them because they begin life without any roots, so
+ // there's nothing to scan, and any roots they create during
+ // the concurrent phase will be caught by the write barrier.
+ work.stackRoots = allGsSnapshot()
+ work.nStackRoots = len(work.stackRoots)
+
+ work.markrootNext = 0
+ work.markrootJobs = uint32(fixedRootCount + work.nDataRoots + work.nBSSRoots + work.nSpanRoots + work.nStackRoots)
+
+ // Calculate base indexes of each root type
+ work.baseData = uint32(fixedRootCount)
+ work.baseBSS = work.baseData + uint32(work.nDataRoots)
+ work.baseSpans = work.baseBSS + uint32(work.nBSSRoots)
+ work.baseStacks = work.baseSpans + uint32(work.nSpanRoots)
+ work.baseEnd = work.baseStacks + uint32(work.nStackRoots)
+}
+
+// gcMarkRootCheck checks that all roots have been scanned. It is
+// purely for debugging.
+func gcMarkRootCheck() {
+ if work.markrootNext < work.markrootJobs {
+ print(work.markrootNext, " of ", work.markrootJobs, " markroot jobs done\n")
+ throw("left over markroot jobs")
+ }
+
+ // Check that stacks have been scanned.
+ //
+ // We only check the first nStackRoots Gs that we should have scanned.
+ // Since we don't care about newer Gs (see comment in
+ // gcMarkRootPrepare), no locking is required.
+ i := 0
+ forEachGRace(func(gp *g) {
+ if i >= work.nStackRoots {
+ return
+ }
+
+ if !gp.gcscandone {
+ println("gp", gp, "goid", gp.goid,
+ "status", readgstatus(gp),
+ "gcscandone", gp.gcscandone)
+ throw("scan missed a g")
+ }
+
+ i++
+ })
+}
+
+// ptrmask for an allocation containing a single pointer.
+var oneptrmask = [...]uint8{1}
+
+// markroot scans the i'th root.
+//
+// Preemption must be disabled (because this uses a gcWork).
+//
+// Returns the amount of GC work credit produced by the operation.
+// If flushBgCredit is true, then that credit is also flushed
+// to the background credit pool.
+//
+// nowritebarrier is only advisory here.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func markroot(gcw *gcWork, i uint32, flushBgCredit bool) int64 {
+ // Note: if you add a case here, please also update heapdump.go:dumproots.
+ var workDone int64
+ var workCounter *atomic.Int64
+ switch {
+ case work.baseData <= i && i < work.baseBSS:
+ workCounter = &gcController.globalsScanWork
+ for _, datap := range activeModules() {
+ workDone += markrootBlock(datap.data, datap.edata-datap.data, datap.gcdatamask.bytedata, gcw, int(i-work.baseData))
+ }
+
+ case work.baseBSS <= i && i < work.baseSpans:
+ workCounter = &gcController.globalsScanWork
+ for _, datap := range activeModules() {
+ workDone += markrootBlock(datap.bss, datap.ebss-datap.bss, datap.gcbssmask.bytedata, gcw, int(i-work.baseBSS))
+ }
+
+ case i == fixedRootFinalizers:
+ for fb := allfin; fb != nil; fb = fb.alllink {
+ cnt := uintptr(atomic.Load(&fb.cnt))
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&fb.fin[0])), cnt*unsafe.Sizeof(fb.fin[0]), &finptrmask[0], gcw, nil)
+ }
+
+ case i == fixedRootFreeGStacks:
+ // Switch to the system stack so we can call
+ // stackfree.
+ systemstack(markrootFreeGStacks)
+
+ case work.baseSpans <= i && i < work.baseStacks:
+ // mark mspan.specials
+ markrootSpans(gcw, int(i-work.baseSpans))
+
+ default:
+ // the rest is scanning goroutine stacks
+ workCounter = &gcController.stackScanWork
+ if i < work.baseStacks || work.baseEnd <= i {
+ printlock()
+ print("runtime: markroot index ", i, " not in stack roots range [", work.baseStacks, ", ", work.baseEnd, ")\n")
+ throw("markroot: bad index")
+ }
+ gp := work.stackRoots[i-work.baseStacks]
+
+ // remember when we've first observed the G blocked
+ // needed only to output in traceback
+ status := readgstatus(gp) // We are not in a scan state
+ if (status == _Gwaiting || status == _Gsyscall) && gp.waitsince == 0 {
+ gp.waitsince = work.tstart
+ }
+
+ // scanstack must be done on the system stack in case
+ // we're trying to scan our own stack.
+ systemstack(func() {
+ // If this is a self-scan, put the user G in
+ // _Gwaiting to prevent self-deadlock. It may
+ // already be in _Gwaiting if this is a mark
+ // worker or we're in mark termination.
+ userG := getg().m.curg
+ selfScan := gp == userG && readgstatus(userG) == _Grunning
+ if selfScan {
+ casgstatus(userG, _Grunning, _Gwaiting)
+ userG.waitreason = waitReasonGarbageCollectionScan
+ }
+
+ // TODO: suspendG blocks (and spins) until gp
+ // stops, which may take a while for
+ // running goroutines. Consider doing this in
+ // two phases where the first is non-blocking:
+ // we scan the stacks we can and ask running
+ // goroutines to scan themselves; and the
+ // second blocks.
+ stopped := suspendG(gp)
+ if stopped.dead {
+ gp.gcscandone = true
+ return
+ }
+ if gp.gcscandone {
+ throw("g already scanned")
+ }
+ workDone += scanstack(gp, gcw)
+ gp.gcscandone = true
+ resumeG(stopped)
+
+ if selfScan {
+ casgstatus(userG, _Gwaiting, _Grunning)
+ }
+ })
+ }
+ if goexperiment.PacerRedesign {
+ if workCounter != nil && workDone != 0 {
+ workCounter.Add(workDone)
+ if flushBgCredit {
+ gcFlushBgCredit(workDone)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return workDone
+}
+
+// markrootBlock scans the shard'th shard of the block of memory [b0,
+// b0+n0), with the given pointer mask.
+//
+// Returns the amount of work done.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func markrootBlock(b0, n0 uintptr, ptrmask0 *uint8, gcw *gcWork, shard int) int64 {
+ if rootBlockBytes%(8*goarch.PtrSize) != 0 {
+ // This is necessary to pick byte offsets in ptrmask0.
+ throw("rootBlockBytes must be a multiple of 8*ptrSize")
+ }
+
+ // Note that if b0 is toward the end of the address space,
+ // then b0 + rootBlockBytes might wrap around.
+ // These tests are written to avoid any possible overflow.
+ off := uintptr(shard) * rootBlockBytes
+ if off >= n0 {
+ return 0
+ }
+ b := b0 + off
+ ptrmask := (*uint8)(add(unsafe.Pointer(ptrmask0), uintptr(shard)*(rootBlockBytes/(8*goarch.PtrSize))))
+ n := uintptr(rootBlockBytes)
+ if off+n > n0 {
+ n = n0 - off
+ }
+
+ // Scan this shard.
+ scanblock(b, n, ptrmask, gcw, nil)
+ return int64(n)
+}
+
+// markrootFreeGStacks frees stacks of dead Gs.
+//
+// This does not free stacks of dead Gs cached on Ps, but having a few
+// cached stacks around isn't a problem.
+func markrootFreeGStacks() {
+ // Take list of dead Gs with stacks.
+ lock(&sched.gFree.lock)
+ list := sched.gFree.stack
+ sched.gFree.stack = gList{}
+ unlock(&sched.gFree.lock)
+ if list.empty() {
+ return
+ }
+
+ // Free stacks.
+ q := gQueue{list.head, list.head}
+ for gp := list.head.ptr(); gp != nil; gp = gp.schedlink.ptr() {
+ stackfree(gp.stack)
+ gp.stack.lo = 0
+ gp.stack.hi = 0
+ // Manipulate the queue directly since the Gs are
+ // already all linked the right way.
+ q.tail.set(gp)
+ }
+
+ // Put Gs back on the free list.
+ lock(&sched.gFree.lock)
+ sched.gFree.noStack.pushAll(q)
+ unlock(&sched.gFree.lock)
+}
+
+// markrootSpans marks roots for one shard of markArenas.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func markrootSpans(gcw *gcWork, shard int) {
+ // Objects with finalizers have two GC-related invariants:
+ //
+ // 1) Everything reachable from the object must be marked.
+ // This ensures that when we pass the object to its finalizer,
+ // everything the finalizer can reach will be retained.
+ //
+ // 2) Finalizer specials (which are not in the garbage
+ // collected heap) are roots. In practice, this means the fn
+ // field must be scanned.
+ sg := mheap_.sweepgen
+
+ // Find the arena and page index into that arena for this shard.
+ ai := mheap_.markArenas[shard/(pagesPerArena/pagesPerSpanRoot)]
+ ha := mheap_.arenas[ai.l1()][ai.l2()]
+ arenaPage := uint(uintptr(shard) * pagesPerSpanRoot % pagesPerArena)
+
+ // Construct slice of bitmap which we'll iterate over.
+ specialsbits := ha.pageSpecials[arenaPage/8:]
+ specialsbits = specialsbits[:pagesPerSpanRoot/8]
+ for i := range specialsbits {
+ // Find set bits, which correspond to spans with specials.
+ specials := atomic.Load8(&specialsbits[i])
+ if specials == 0 {
+ continue
+ }
+ for j := uint(0); j < 8; j++ {
+ if specials&(1<<j) == 0 {
+ continue
+ }
+ // Find the span for this bit.
+ //
+ // This value is guaranteed to be non-nil because having
+ // specials implies that the span is in-use, and since we're
+ // currently marking we can be sure that we don't have to worry
+ // about the span being freed and re-used.
+ s := ha.spans[arenaPage+uint(i)*8+j]
+
+ // The state must be mSpanInUse if the specials bit is set, so
+ // sanity check that.
+ if state := s.state.get(); state != mSpanInUse {
+ print("s.state = ", state, "\n")
+ throw("non in-use span found with specials bit set")
+ }
+ // Check that this span was swept (it may be cached or uncached).
+ if !useCheckmark && !(s.sweepgen == sg || s.sweepgen == sg+3) {
+ // sweepgen was updated (+2) during non-checkmark GC pass
+ print("sweep ", s.sweepgen, " ", sg, "\n")
+ throw("gc: unswept span")
+ }
+
+ // Lock the specials to prevent a special from being
+ // removed from the list while we're traversing it.
+ lock(&s.speciallock)
+ for sp := s.specials; sp != nil; sp = sp.next {
+ if sp.kind != _KindSpecialFinalizer {
+ continue
+ }
+ // don't mark finalized object, but scan it so we
+ // retain everything it points to.
+ spf := (*specialfinalizer)(unsafe.Pointer(sp))
+ // A finalizer can be set for an inner byte of an object, find object beginning.
+ p := s.base() + uintptr(spf.special.offset)/s.elemsize*s.elemsize
+
+ // Mark everything that can be reached from
+ // the object (but *not* the object itself or
+ // we'll never collect it).
+ scanobject(p, gcw)
+
+ // The special itself is a root.
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&spf.fn)), goarch.PtrSize, &oneptrmask[0], gcw, nil)
+ }
+ unlock(&s.speciallock)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// gcAssistAlloc performs GC work to make gp's assist debt positive.
+// gp must be the calling user goroutine.
+//
+// This must be called with preemption enabled.
+func gcAssistAlloc(gp *g) {
+ // Don't assist in non-preemptible contexts. These are
+ // generally fragile and won't allow the assist to block.
+ if getg() == gp.m.g0 {
+ return
+ }
+ if mp := getg().m; mp.locks > 0 || mp.preemptoff != "" {
+ return
+ }
+
+ traced := false
+retry:
+ // Compute the amount of scan work we need to do to make the
+ // balance positive. When the required amount of work is low,
+ // we over-assist to build up credit for future allocations
+ // and amortize the cost of assisting.
+ assistWorkPerByte := gcController.assistWorkPerByte.Load()
+ assistBytesPerWork := gcController.assistBytesPerWork.Load()
+ debtBytes := -gp.gcAssistBytes
+ scanWork := int64(assistWorkPerByte * float64(debtBytes))
+ if scanWork < gcOverAssistWork {
+ scanWork = gcOverAssistWork
+ debtBytes = int64(assistBytesPerWork * float64(scanWork))
+ }
+
+ // Steal as much credit as we can from the background GC's
+ // scan credit. This is racy and may drop the background
+ // credit below 0 if two mutators steal at the same time. This
+ // will just cause steals to fail until credit is accumulated
+ // again, so in the long run it doesn't really matter, but we
+ // do have to handle the negative credit case.
+ bgScanCredit := atomic.Loadint64(&gcController.bgScanCredit)
+ stolen := int64(0)
+ if bgScanCredit > 0 {
+ if bgScanCredit < scanWork {
+ stolen = bgScanCredit
+ gp.gcAssistBytes += 1 + int64(assistBytesPerWork*float64(stolen))
+ } else {
+ stolen = scanWork
+ gp.gcAssistBytes += debtBytes
+ }
+ atomic.Xaddint64(&gcController.bgScanCredit, -stolen)
+
+ scanWork -= stolen
+
+ if scanWork == 0 {
+ // We were able to steal all of the credit we
+ // needed.
+ if traced {
+ traceGCMarkAssistDone()
+ }
+ return
+ }
+ }
+
+ if trace.enabled && !traced {
+ traced = true
+ traceGCMarkAssistStart()
+ }
+
+ // Perform assist work
+ systemstack(func() {
+ gcAssistAlloc1(gp, scanWork)
+ // The user stack may have moved, so this can't touch
+ // anything on it until it returns from systemstack.
+ })
+
+ completed := gp.param != nil
+ gp.param = nil
+ if completed {
+ gcMarkDone()
+ }
+
+ if gp.gcAssistBytes < 0 {
+ // We were unable steal enough credit or perform
+ // enough work to pay off the assist debt. We need to
+ // do one of these before letting the mutator allocate
+ // more to prevent over-allocation.
+ //
+ // If this is because we were preempted, reschedule
+ // and try some more.
+ if gp.preempt {
+ Gosched()
+ goto retry
+ }
+
+ // Add this G to an assist queue and park. When the GC
+ // has more background credit, it will satisfy queued
+ // assists before flushing to the global credit pool.
+ //
+ // Note that this does *not* get woken up when more
+ // work is added to the work list. The theory is that
+ // there wasn't enough work to do anyway, so we might
+ // as well let background marking take care of the
+ // work that is available.
+ if !gcParkAssist() {
+ goto retry
+ }
+
+ // At this point either background GC has satisfied
+ // this G's assist debt, or the GC cycle is over.
+ }
+ if traced {
+ traceGCMarkAssistDone()
+ }
+}
+
+// gcAssistAlloc1 is the part of gcAssistAlloc that runs on the system
+// stack. This is a separate function to make it easier to see that
+// we're not capturing anything from the user stack, since the user
+// stack may move while we're in this function.
+//
+// gcAssistAlloc1 indicates whether this assist completed the mark
+// phase by setting gp.param to non-nil. This can't be communicated on
+// the stack since it may move.
+//
+//go:systemstack
+func gcAssistAlloc1(gp *g, scanWork int64) {
+ // Clear the flag indicating that this assist completed the
+ // mark phase.
+ gp.param = nil
+
+ if atomic.Load(&gcBlackenEnabled) == 0 {
+ // The gcBlackenEnabled check in malloc races with the
+ // store that clears it but an atomic check in every malloc
+ // would be a performance hit.
+ // Instead we recheck it here on the non-preemptable system
+ // stack to determine if we should perform an assist.
+
+ // GC is done, so ignore any remaining debt.
+ gp.gcAssistBytes = 0
+ return
+ }
+ // Track time spent in this assist. Since we're on the
+ // system stack, this is non-preemptible, so we can
+ // just measure start and end time.
+ startTime := nanotime()
+
+ decnwait := atomic.Xadd(&work.nwait, -1)
+ if decnwait == work.nproc {
+ println("runtime: work.nwait =", decnwait, "work.nproc=", work.nproc)
+ throw("nwait > work.nprocs")
+ }
+
+ // gcDrainN requires the caller to be preemptible.
+ casgstatus(gp, _Grunning, _Gwaiting)
+ gp.waitreason = waitReasonGCAssistMarking
+
+ // drain own cached work first in the hopes that it
+ // will be more cache friendly.
+ gcw := &getg().m.p.ptr().gcw
+ workDone := gcDrainN(gcw, scanWork)
+
+ casgstatus(gp, _Gwaiting, _Grunning)
+
+ // Record that we did this much scan work.
+ //
+ // Back out the number of bytes of assist credit that
+ // this scan work counts for. The "1+" is a poor man's
+ // round-up, to ensure this adds credit even if
+ // assistBytesPerWork is very low.
+ assistBytesPerWork := gcController.assistBytesPerWork.Load()
+ gp.gcAssistBytes += 1 + int64(assistBytesPerWork*float64(workDone))
+
+ // If this is the last worker and we ran out of work,
+ // signal a completion point.
+ incnwait := atomic.Xadd(&work.nwait, +1)
+ if incnwait > work.nproc {
+ println("runtime: work.nwait=", incnwait,
+ "work.nproc=", work.nproc)
+ throw("work.nwait > work.nproc")
+ }
+
+ if incnwait == work.nproc && !gcMarkWorkAvailable(nil) {
+ // This has reached a background completion point. Set
+ // gp.param to a non-nil value to indicate this. It
+ // doesn't matter what we set it to (it just has to be
+ // a valid pointer).
+ gp.param = unsafe.Pointer(gp)
+ }
+ duration := nanotime() - startTime
+ _p_ := gp.m.p.ptr()
+ _p_.gcAssistTime += duration
+ if _p_.gcAssistTime > gcAssistTimeSlack {
+ atomic.Xaddint64(&gcController.assistTime, _p_.gcAssistTime)
+ _p_.gcAssistTime = 0
+ }
+}
+
+// gcWakeAllAssists wakes all currently blocked assists. This is used
+// at the end of a GC cycle. gcBlackenEnabled must be false to prevent
+// new assists from going to sleep after this point.
+func gcWakeAllAssists() {
+ lock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+ list := work.assistQueue.q.popList()
+ injectglist(&list)
+ unlock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+}
+
+// gcParkAssist puts the current goroutine on the assist queue and parks.
+//
+// gcParkAssist reports whether the assist is now satisfied. If it
+// returns false, the caller must retry the assist.
+func gcParkAssist() bool {
+ lock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+ // If the GC cycle finished while we were getting the lock,
+ // exit the assist. The cycle can't finish while we hold the
+ // lock.
+ if atomic.Load(&gcBlackenEnabled) == 0 {
+ unlock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+ return true
+ }
+
+ gp := getg()
+ oldList := work.assistQueue.q
+ work.assistQueue.q.pushBack(gp)
+
+ // Recheck for background credit now that this G is in
+ // the queue, but can still back out. This avoids a
+ // race in case background marking has flushed more
+ // credit since we checked above.
+ if atomic.Loadint64(&gcController.bgScanCredit) > 0 {
+ work.assistQueue.q = oldList
+ if oldList.tail != 0 {
+ oldList.tail.ptr().schedlink.set(nil)
+ }
+ unlock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+ return false
+ }
+ // Park.
+ goparkunlock(&work.assistQueue.lock, waitReasonGCAssistWait, traceEvGoBlockGC, 2)
+ return true
+}
+
+// gcFlushBgCredit flushes scanWork units of background scan work
+// credit. This first satisfies blocked assists on the
+// work.assistQueue and then flushes any remaining credit to
+// gcController.bgScanCredit.
+//
+// Write barriers are disallowed because this is used by gcDrain after
+// it has ensured that all work is drained and this must preserve that
+// condition.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrierrec
+func gcFlushBgCredit(scanWork int64) {
+ if work.assistQueue.q.empty() {
+ // Fast path; there are no blocked assists. There's a
+ // small window here where an assist may add itself to
+ // the blocked queue and park. If that happens, we'll
+ // just get it on the next flush.
+ atomic.Xaddint64(&gcController.bgScanCredit, scanWork)
+ return
+ }
+
+ assistBytesPerWork := gcController.assistBytesPerWork.Load()
+ scanBytes := int64(float64(scanWork) * assistBytesPerWork)
+
+ lock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+ for !work.assistQueue.q.empty() && scanBytes > 0 {
+ gp := work.assistQueue.q.pop()
+ // Note that gp.gcAssistBytes is negative because gp
+ // is in debt. Think carefully about the signs below.
+ if scanBytes+gp.gcAssistBytes >= 0 {
+ // Satisfy this entire assist debt.
+ scanBytes += gp.gcAssistBytes
+ gp.gcAssistBytes = 0
+ // It's important that we *not* put gp in
+ // runnext. Otherwise, it's possible for user
+ // code to exploit the GC worker's high
+ // scheduler priority to get itself always run
+ // before other goroutines and always in the
+ // fresh quantum started by GC.
+ ready(gp, 0, false)
+ } else {
+ // Partially satisfy this assist.
+ gp.gcAssistBytes += scanBytes
+ scanBytes = 0
+ // As a heuristic, we move this assist to the
+ // back of the queue so that large assists
+ // can't clog up the assist queue and
+ // substantially delay small assists.
+ work.assistQueue.q.pushBack(gp)
+ break
+ }
+ }
+
+ if scanBytes > 0 {
+ // Convert from scan bytes back to work.
+ assistWorkPerByte := gcController.assistWorkPerByte.Load()
+ scanWork = int64(float64(scanBytes) * assistWorkPerByte)
+ atomic.Xaddint64(&gcController.bgScanCredit, scanWork)
+ }
+ unlock(&work.assistQueue.lock)
+}
+
+// scanstack scans gp's stack, greying all pointers found on the stack.
+//
+// For goexperiment.PacerRedesign:
+// Returns the amount of scan work performed, but doesn't update
+// gcController.stackScanWork or flush any credit. Any background credit produced
+// by this function should be flushed by its caller. scanstack itself can't
+// safely flush because it may result in trying to wake up a goroutine that
+// was just scanned, resulting in a self-deadlock.
+//
+// scanstack will also shrink the stack if it is safe to do so. If it
+// is not, it schedules a stack shrink for the next synchronous safe
+// point.
+//
+// scanstack is marked go:systemstack because it must not be preempted
+// while using a workbuf.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+//go:systemstack
+func scanstack(gp *g, gcw *gcWork) int64 {
+ if readgstatus(gp)&_Gscan == 0 {
+ print("runtime:scanstack: gp=", gp, ", goid=", gp.goid, ", gp->atomicstatus=", hex(readgstatus(gp)), "\n")
+ throw("scanstack - bad status")
+ }
+
+ switch readgstatus(gp) &^ _Gscan {
+ default:
+ print("runtime: gp=", gp, ", goid=", gp.goid, ", gp->atomicstatus=", readgstatus(gp), "\n")
+ throw("mark - bad status")
+ case _Gdead:
+ return 0
+ case _Grunning:
+ print("runtime: gp=", gp, ", goid=", gp.goid, ", gp->atomicstatus=", readgstatus(gp), "\n")
+ throw("scanstack: goroutine not stopped")
+ case _Grunnable, _Gsyscall, _Gwaiting:
+ // ok
+ }
+
+ if gp == getg() {
+ throw("can't scan our own stack")
+ }
+
+ // stackSize is the amount of work we'll be reporting.
+ //
+ // We report the total stack size, more than we scan,
+ // because this number needs to line up with gcControllerState's
+ // stackScan and scannableStackSize fields.
+ //
+ // See the documentation on those fields for more information.
+ stackSize := gp.stack.hi - gp.stack.lo
+
+ if isShrinkStackSafe(gp) {
+ // Shrink the stack if not much of it is being used.
+ shrinkstack(gp)
+ } else {
+ // Otherwise, shrink the stack at the next sync safe point.
+ gp.preemptShrink = true
+ }
+
+ var state stackScanState
+ state.stack = gp.stack
+
+ if stackTraceDebug {
+ println("stack trace goroutine", gp.goid)
+ }
+
+ if debugScanConservative && gp.asyncSafePoint {
+ print("scanning async preempted goroutine ", gp.goid, " stack [", hex(gp.stack.lo), ",", hex(gp.stack.hi), ")\n")
+ }
+
+ // Scan the saved context register. This is effectively a live
+ // register that gets moved back and forth between the
+ // register and sched.ctxt without a write barrier.
+ if gp.sched.ctxt != nil {
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&gp.sched.ctxt)), goarch.PtrSize, &oneptrmask[0], gcw, &state)
+ }
+
+ // Scan the stack. Accumulate a list of stack objects.
+ scanframe := func(frame *stkframe, unused unsafe.Pointer) bool {
+ scanframeworker(frame, &state, gcw)
+ return true
+ }
+ gentraceback(^uintptr(0), ^uintptr(0), 0, gp, 0, nil, 0x7fffffff, scanframe, nil, 0)
+
+ // Find additional pointers that point into the stack from the heap.
+ // Currently this includes defers and panics. See also function copystack.
+
+ // Find and trace other pointers in defer records.
+ for d := gp._defer; d != nil; d = d.link {
+ if d.fn != nil {
+ // Scan the func value, which could be a stack allocated closure.
+ // See issue 30453.
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&d.fn)), goarch.PtrSize, &oneptrmask[0], gcw, &state)
+ }
+ if d.link != nil {
+ // The link field of a stack-allocated defer record might point
+ // to a heap-allocated defer record. Keep that heap record live.
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&d.link)), goarch.PtrSize, &oneptrmask[0], gcw, &state)
+ }
+ // Retain defers records themselves.
+ // Defer records might not be reachable from the G through regular heap
+ // tracing because the defer linked list might weave between the stack and the heap.
+ if d.heap {
+ scanblock(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&d)), goarch.PtrSize, &oneptrmask[0], gcw, &state)
+ }
+ }
+ if gp._panic != nil {
+ // Panics are always stack allocated.
+ state.putPtr(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(gp._panic)), false)
+ }
+
+ // Find and scan all reachable stack objects.
+ //
+ // The state's pointer queue prioritizes precise pointers over
+ // conservative pointers so that we'll prefer scanning stack
+ // objects precisely.
+ state.buildIndex()
+ for {
+ p, conservative := state.getPtr()
+ if p == 0 {
+ break
+ }
+ obj := state.findObject(p)
+ if obj == nil {
+ continue
+ }
+ r := obj.r
+ if r == nil {
+ // We've already scanned this object.
+ continue
+ }
+ obj.setRecord(nil) // Don't scan it again.
+ if stackTraceDebug {
+ printlock()
+ print(" live stkobj at", hex(state.stack.lo+uintptr(obj.off)), "of size", obj.size)
+ if conservative {
+ print(" (conservative)")
+ }
+ println()
+ printunlock()
+ }
+ gcdata := r.gcdata()
+ var s *mspan
+ if r.useGCProg() {
+ // This path is pretty unlikely, an object large enough
+ // to have a GC program allocated on the stack.
+ // We need some space to unpack the program into a straight
+ // bitmask, which we allocate/free here.
+ // TODO: it would be nice if there were a way to run a GC
+ // program without having to store all its bits. We'd have
+ // to change from a Lempel-Ziv style program to something else.
+ // Or we can forbid putting objects on stacks if they require
+ // a gc program (see issue 27447).
+ s = materializeGCProg(r.ptrdata(), gcdata)
+ gcdata = (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(s.startAddr))
+ }
+
+ b := state.stack.lo + uintptr(obj.off)
+ if conservative {
+ scanConservative(b, r.ptrdata(), gcdata, gcw, &state)
+ } else {
+ scanblock(b, r.ptrdata(), gcdata, gcw, &state)
+ }
+
+ if s != nil {
+ dematerializeGCProg(s)
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Deallocate object buffers.
+ // (Pointer buffers were all deallocated in the loop above.)
+ for state.head != nil {
+ x := state.head
+ state.head = x.next
+ if stackTraceDebug {
+ for i := 0; i < x.nobj; i++ {
+ obj := &x.obj[i]
+ if obj.r == nil { // reachable
+ continue
+ }
+ println(" dead stkobj at", hex(gp.stack.lo+uintptr(obj.off)), "of size", obj.r.size)
+ // Note: not necessarily really dead - only reachable-from-ptr dead.
+ }
+ }
+ x.nobj = 0
+ putempty((*workbuf)(unsafe.Pointer(x)))
+ }
+ if state.buf != nil || state.cbuf != nil || state.freeBuf != nil {
+ throw("remaining pointer buffers")
+ }
+ return int64(stackSize)
+}
+
+// Scan a stack frame: local variables and function arguments/results.
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func scanframeworker(frame *stkframe, state *stackScanState, gcw *gcWork) {
+ if _DebugGC > 1 && frame.continpc != 0 {
+ print("scanframe ", funcname(frame.fn), "\n")
+ }
+
+ isAsyncPreempt := frame.fn.valid() && frame.fn.funcID == funcID_asyncPreempt
+ isDebugCall := frame.fn.valid() && frame.fn.funcID == funcID_debugCallV2
+ if state.conservative || isAsyncPreempt || isDebugCall {
+ if debugScanConservative {
+ println("conservatively scanning function", funcname(frame.fn), "at PC", hex(frame.continpc))
+ }
+
+ // Conservatively scan the frame. Unlike the precise
+ // case, this includes the outgoing argument space
+ // since we may have stopped while this function was
+ // setting up a call.
+ //
+ // TODO: We could narrow this down if the compiler
+ // produced a single map per function of stack slots
+ // and registers that ever contain a pointer.
+ if frame.varp != 0 {
+ size := frame.varp - frame.sp
+ if size > 0 {
+ scanConservative(frame.sp, size, nil, gcw, state)
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Scan arguments to this frame.
+ if frame.arglen != 0 {
+ // TODO: We could pass the entry argument map
+ // to narrow this down further.
+ scanConservative(frame.argp, frame.arglen, nil, gcw, state)
+ }
+
+ if isAsyncPreempt || isDebugCall {
+ // This function's frame contained the
+ // registers for the asynchronously stopped
+ // parent frame. Scan the parent
+ // conservatively.
+ state.conservative = true
+ } else {
+ // We only wanted to scan those two frames
+ // conservatively. Clear the flag for future
+ // frames.
+ state.conservative = false
+ }
+ return
+ }
+
+ locals, args, objs := getStackMap(frame, &state.cache, false)
+
+ // Scan local variables if stack frame has been allocated.
+ if locals.n > 0 {
+ size := uintptr(locals.n) * goarch.PtrSize
+ scanblock(frame.varp-size, size, locals.bytedata, gcw, state)
+ }
+
+ // Scan arguments.
+ if args.n > 0 {
+ scanblock(frame.argp, uintptr(args.n)*goarch.PtrSize, args.bytedata, gcw, state)
+ }
+
+ // Add all stack objects to the stack object list.
+ if frame.varp != 0 {
+ // varp is 0 for defers, where there are no locals.
+ // In that case, there can't be a pointer to its args, either.
+ // (And all args would be scanned above anyway.)
+ for i := range objs {
+ obj := &objs[i]
+ off := obj.off
+ base := frame.varp // locals base pointer
+ if off >= 0 {
+ base = frame.argp // arguments and return values base pointer
+ }
+ ptr := base + uintptr(off)
+ if ptr < frame.sp {
+ // object hasn't been allocated in the frame yet.
+ continue
+ }
+ if stackTraceDebug {
+ println("stkobj at", hex(ptr), "of size", obj.size)
+ }
+ state.addObject(ptr, obj)
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+type gcDrainFlags int
+
+const (
+ gcDrainUntilPreempt gcDrainFlags = 1 << iota
+ gcDrainFlushBgCredit
+ gcDrainIdle
+ gcDrainFractional
+)
+
+// gcDrain scans roots and objects in work buffers, blackening grey
+// objects until it is unable to get more work. It may return before
+// GC is done; it's the caller's responsibility to balance work from
+// other Ps.
+//
+// If flags&gcDrainUntilPreempt != 0, gcDrain returns when g.preempt
+// is set.
+//
+// If flags&gcDrainIdle != 0, gcDrain returns when there is other work
+// to do.
+//
+// If flags&gcDrainFractional != 0, gcDrain self-preempts when
+// pollFractionalWorkerExit() returns true. This implies
+// gcDrainNoBlock.
+//
+// If flags&gcDrainFlushBgCredit != 0, gcDrain flushes scan work
+// credit to gcController.bgScanCredit every gcCreditSlack units of
+// scan work.
+//
+// gcDrain will always return if there is a pending STW.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func gcDrain(gcw *gcWork, flags gcDrainFlags) {
+ if !writeBarrier.needed {
+ throw("gcDrain phase incorrect")
+ }
+
+ gp := getg().m.curg
+ preemptible := flags&gcDrainUntilPreempt != 0
+ flushBgCredit := flags&gcDrainFlushBgCredit != 0
+ idle := flags&gcDrainIdle != 0
+
+ initScanWork := gcw.heapScanWork
+
+ // checkWork is the scan work before performing the next
+ // self-preempt check.
+ checkWork := int64(1<<63 - 1)
+ var check func() bool
+ if flags&(gcDrainIdle|gcDrainFractional) != 0 {
+ checkWork = initScanWork + drainCheckThreshold
+ if idle {
+ check = pollWork
+ } else if flags&gcDrainFractional != 0 {
+ check = pollFractionalWorkerExit
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Drain root marking jobs.
+ if work.markrootNext < work.markrootJobs {
+ // Stop if we're preemptible or if someone wants to STW.
+ for !(gp.preempt && (preemptible || atomic.Load(&sched.gcwaiting) != 0)) {
+ job := atomic.Xadd(&work.markrootNext, +1) - 1
+ if job >= work.markrootJobs {
+ break
+ }
+ markroot(gcw, job, flushBgCredit)
+ if check != nil && check() {
+ goto done
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Drain heap marking jobs.
+ // Stop if we're preemptible or if someone wants to STW.
+ for !(gp.preempt && (preemptible || atomic.Load(&sched.gcwaiting) != 0)) {
+ // Try to keep work available on the global queue. We used to
+ // check if there were waiting workers, but it's better to
+ // just keep work available than to make workers wait. In the
+ // worst case, we'll do O(log(_WorkbufSize)) unnecessary
+ // balances.
+ if work.full == 0 {
+ gcw.balance()
+ }
+
+ b := gcw.tryGetFast()
+ if b == 0 {
+ b = gcw.tryGet()
+ if b == 0 {
+ // Flush the write barrier
+ // buffer; this may create
+ // more work.
+ wbBufFlush(nil, 0)
+ b = gcw.tryGet()
+ }
+ }
+ if b == 0 {
+ // Unable to get work.
+ break
+ }
+ scanobject(b, gcw)
+
+ // Flush background scan work credit to the global
+ // account if we've accumulated enough locally so
+ // mutator assists can draw on it.
+ if gcw.heapScanWork >= gcCreditSlack {
+ gcController.heapScanWork.Add(gcw.heapScanWork)
+ if flushBgCredit {
+ gcFlushBgCredit(gcw.heapScanWork - initScanWork)
+ initScanWork = 0
+ }
+ checkWork -= gcw.heapScanWork
+ gcw.heapScanWork = 0
+
+ if checkWork <= 0 {
+ checkWork += drainCheckThreshold
+ if check != nil && check() {
+ break
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+done:
+ // Flush remaining scan work credit.
+ if gcw.heapScanWork > 0 {
+ gcController.heapScanWork.Add(gcw.heapScanWork)
+ if flushBgCredit {
+ gcFlushBgCredit(gcw.heapScanWork - initScanWork)
+ }
+ gcw.heapScanWork = 0
+ }
+}
+
+// gcDrainN blackens grey objects until it has performed roughly
+// scanWork units of scan work or the G is preempted. This is
+// best-effort, so it may perform less work if it fails to get a work
+// buffer. Otherwise, it will perform at least n units of work, but
+// may perform more because scanning is always done in whole object
+// increments. It returns the amount of scan work performed.
+//
+// The caller goroutine must be in a preemptible state (e.g.,
+// _Gwaiting) to prevent deadlocks during stack scanning. As a
+// consequence, this must be called on the system stack.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+//go:systemstack
+func gcDrainN(gcw *gcWork, scanWork int64) int64 {
+ if !writeBarrier.needed {
+ throw("gcDrainN phase incorrect")
+ }
+
+ // There may already be scan work on the gcw, which we don't
+ // want to claim was done by this call.
+ workFlushed := -gcw.heapScanWork
+
+ gp := getg().m.curg
+ for !gp.preempt && workFlushed+gcw.heapScanWork < scanWork {
+ // See gcDrain comment.
+ if work.full == 0 {
+ gcw.balance()
+ }
+
+ b := gcw.tryGetFast()
+ if b == 0 {
+ b = gcw.tryGet()
+ if b == 0 {
+ // Flush the write barrier buffer;
+ // this may create more work.
+ wbBufFlush(nil, 0)
+ b = gcw.tryGet()
+ }
+ }
+
+ if b == 0 {
+ // Try to do a root job.
+ if work.markrootNext < work.markrootJobs {
+ job := atomic.Xadd(&work.markrootNext, +1) - 1
+ if job < work.markrootJobs {
+ work := markroot(gcw, job, false)
+ if goexperiment.PacerRedesign {
+ workFlushed += work
+ }
+ continue
+ }
+ }
+ // No heap or root jobs.
+ break
+ }
+
+ scanobject(b, gcw)
+
+ // Flush background scan work credit.
+ if gcw.heapScanWork >= gcCreditSlack {
+ gcController.heapScanWork.Add(gcw.heapScanWork)
+ workFlushed += gcw.heapScanWork
+ gcw.heapScanWork = 0
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Unlike gcDrain, there's no need to flush remaining work
+ // here because this never flushes to bgScanCredit and
+ // gcw.dispose will flush any remaining work to scanWork.
+
+ return workFlushed + gcw.heapScanWork
+}
+
+// scanblock scans b as scanobject would, but using an explicit
+// pointer bitmap instead of the heap bitmap.
+//
+// This is used to scan non-heap roots, so it does not update
+// gcw.bytesMarked or gcw.heapScanWork.
+//
+// If stk != nil, possible stack pointers are also reported to stk.putPtr.
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func scanblock(b0, n0 uintptr, ptrmask *uint8, gcw *gcWork, stk *stackScanState) {
+ // Use local copies of original parameters, so that a stack trace
+ // due to one of the throws below shows the original block
+ // base and extent.
+ b := b0
+ n := n0
+
+ for i := uintptr(0); i < n; {
+ // Find bits for the next word.
+ bits := uint32(*addb(ptrmask, i/(goarch.PtrSize*8)))
+ if bits == 0 {
+ i += goarch.PtrSize * 8
+ continue
+ }
+ for j := 0; j < 8 && i < n; j++ {
+ if bits&1 != 0 {
+ // Same work as in scanobject; see comments there.
+ p := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(b + i))
+ if p != 0 {
+ if obj, span, objIndex := findObject(p, b, i); obj != 0 {
+ greyobject(obj, b, i, span, gcw, objIndex)
+ } else if stk != nil && p >= stk.stack.lo && p < stk.stack.hi {
+ stk.putPtr(p, false)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ bits >>= 1
+ i += goarch.PtrSize
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// scanobject scans the object starting at b, adding pointers to gcw.
+// b must point to the beginning of a heap object or an oblet.
+// scanobject consults the GC bitmap for the pointer mask and the
+// spans for the size of the object.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func scanobject(b uintptr, gcw *gcWork) {
+ // Prefetch object before we scan it.
+ //
+ // This will overlap fetching the beginning of the object with initial
+ // setup before we start scanning the object.
+ sys.Prefetch(b)
+
+ // Find the bits for b and the size of the object at b.
+ //
+ // b is either the beginning of an object, in which case this
+ // is the size of the object to scan, or it points to an
+ // oblet, in which case we compute the size to scan below.
+ hbits := heapBitsForAddr(b)
+ s := spanOfUnchecked(b)
+ n := s.elemsize
+ if n == 0 {
+ throw("scanobject n == 0")
+ }
+
+ if n > maxObletBytes {
+ // Large object. Break into oblets for better
+ // parallelism and lower latency.
+ if b == s.base() {
+ // It's possible this is a noscan object (not
+ // from greyobject, but from other code
+ // paths), in which case we must *not* enqueue
+ // oblets since their bitmaps will be
+ // uninitialized.
+ if s.spanclass.noscan() {
+ // Bypass the whole scan.
+ gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(n)
+ return
+ }
+
+ // Enqueue the other oblets to scan later.
+ // Some oblets may be in b's scalar tail, but
+ // these will be marked as "no more pointers",
+ // so we'll drop out immediately when we go to
+ // scan those.
+ for oblet := b + maxObletBytes; oblet < s.base()+s.elemsize; oblet += maxObletBytes {
+ if !gcw.putFast(oblet) {
+ gcw.put(oblet)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Compute the size of the oblet. Since this object
+ // must be a large object, s.base() is the beginning
+ // of the object.
+ n = s.base() + s.elemsize - b
+ if n > maxObletBytes {
+ n = maxObletBytes
+ }
+ }
+
+ var i uintptr
+ for i = 0; i < n; i, hbits = i+goarch.PtrSize, hbits.next() {
+ // Load bits once. See CL 22712 and issue 16973 for discussion.
+ bits := hbits.bits()
+ if bits&bitScan == 0 {
+ break // no more pointers in this object
+ }
+ if bits&bitPointer == 0 {
+ continue // not a pointer
+ }
+
+ // Work here is duplicated in scanblock and above.
+ // If you make changes here, make changes there too.
+ obj := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(b + i))
+
+ // At this point we have extracted the next potential pointer.
+ // Quickly filter out nil and pointers back to the current object.
+ if obj != 0 && obj-b >= n {
+ // Test if obj points into the Go heap and, if so,
+ // mark the object.
+ //
+ // Note that it's possible for findObject to
+ // fail if obj points to a just-allocated heap
+ // object because of a race with growing the
+ // heap. In this case, we know the object was
+ // just allocated and hence will be marked by
+ // allocation itself.
+ if obj, span, objIndex := findObject(obj, b, i); obj != 0 {
+ greyobject(obj, b, i, span, gcw, objIndex)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(n)
+ gcw.heapScanWork += int64(i)
+}
+
+// scanConservative scans block [b, b+n) conservatively, treating any
+// pointer-like value in the block as a pointer.
+//
+// If ptrmask != nil, only words that are marked in ptrmask are
+// considered as potential pointers.
+//
+// If state != nil, it's assumed that [b, b+n) is a block in the stack
+// and may contain pointers to stack objects.
+func scanConservative(b, n uintptr, ptrmask *uint8, gcw *gcWork, state *stackScanState) {
+ if debugScanConservative {
+ printlock()
+ print("conservatively scanning [", hex(b), ",", hex(b+n), ")\n")
+ hexdumpWords(b, b+n, func(p uintptr) byte {
+ if ptrmask != nil {
+ word := (p - b) / goarch.PtrSize
+ bits := *addb(ptrmask, word/8)
+ if (bits>>(word%8))&1 == 0 {
+ return '$'
+ }
+ }
+
+ val := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(p))
+ if state != nil && state.stack.lo <= val && val < state.stack.hi {
+ return '@'
+ }
+
+ span := spanOfHeap(val)
+ if span == nil {
+ return ' '
+ }
+ idx := span.objIndex(val)
+ if span.isFree(idx) {
+ return ' '
+ }
+ return '*'
+ })
+ printunlock()
+ }
+
+ for i := uintptr(0); i < n; i += goarch.PtrSize {
+ if ptrmask != nil {
+ word := i / goarch.PtrSize
+ bits := *addb(ptrmask, word/8)
+ if bits == 0 {
+ // Skip 8 words (the loop increment will do the 8th)
+ //
+ // This must be the first time we've
+ // seen this word of ptrmask, so i
+ // must be 8-word-aligned, but check
+ // our reasoning just in case.
+ if i%(goarch.PtrSize*8) != 0 {
+ throw("misaligned mask")
+ }
+ i += goarch.PtrSize*8 - goarch.PtrSize
+ continue
+ }
+ if (bits>>(word%8))&1 == 0 {
+ continue
+ }
+ }
+
+ val := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(b + i))
+
+ // Check if val points into the stack.
+ if state != nil && state.stack.lo <= val && val < state.stack.hi {
+ // val may point to a stack object. This
+ // object may be dead from last cycle and
+ // hence may contain pointers to unallocated
+ // objects, but unlike heap objects we can't
+ // tell if it's already dead. Hence, if all
+ // pointers to this object are from
+ // conservative scanning, we have to scan it
+ // defensively, too.
+ state.putPtr(val, true)
+ continue
+ }
+
+ // Check if val points to a heap span.
+ span := spanOfHeap(val)
+ if span == nil {
+ continue
+ }
+
+ // Check if val points to an allocated object.
+ idx := span.objIndex(val)
+ if span.isFree(idx) {
+ continue
+ }
+
+ // val points to an allocated object. Mark it.
+ obj := span.base() + idx*span.elemsize
+ greyobject(obj, b, i, span, gcw, idx)
+ }
+}
+
+// Shade the object if it isn't already.
+// The object is not nil and known to be in the heap.
+// Preemption must be disabled.
+//go:nowritebarrier
+func shade(b uintptr) {
+ if obj, span, objIndex := findObject(b, 0, 0); obj != 0 {
+ gcw := &getg().m.p.ptr().gcw
+ greyobject(obj, 0, 0, span, gcw, objIndex)
+ }
+}
+
+// obj is the start of an object with mark mbits.
+// If it isn't already marked, mark it and enqueue into gcw.
+// base and off are for debugging only and could be removed.
+//
+// See also wbBufFlush1, which partially duplicates this logic.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrierrec
+func greyobject(obj, base, off uintptr, span *mspan, gcw *gcWork, objIndex uintptr) {
+ // obj should be start of allocation, and so must be at least pointer-aligned.
+ if obj&(goarch.PtrSize-1) != 0 {
+ throw("greyobject: obj not pointer-aligned")
+ }
+ mbits := span.markBitsForIndex(objIndex)
+
+ if useCheckmark {
+ if setCheckmark(obj, base, off, mbits) {
+ // Already marked.
+ return
+ }
+ } else {
+ if debug.gccheckmark > 0 && span.isFree(objIndex) {
+ print("runtime: marking free object ", hex(obj), " found at *(", hex(base), "+", hex(off), ")\n")
+ gcDumpObject("base", base, off)
+ gcDumpObject("obj", obj, ^uintptr(0))
+ getg().m.traceback = 2
+ throw("marking free object")
+ }
+
+ // If marked we have nothing to do.
+ if mbits.isMarked() {
+ return
+ }
+ mbits.setMarked()
+
+ // Mark span.
+ arena, pageIdx, pageMask := pageIndexOf(span.base())
+ if arena.pageMarks[pageIdx]&pageMask == 0 {
+ atomic.Or8(&arena.pageMarks[pageIdx], pageMask)
+ }
+
+ // If this is a noscan object, fast-track it to black
+ // instead of greying it.
+ if span.spanclass.noscan() {
+ gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(span.elemsize)
+ return
+ }
+ }
+
+ // We're adding obj to P's local workbuf, so it's likely
+ // this object will be processed soon by the same P.
+ // Even if the workbuf gets flushed, there will likely still be
+ // some benefit on platforms with inclusive shared caches.
+ sys.Prefetch(obj)
+ // Queue the obj for scanning.
+ if !gcw.putFast(obj) {
+ gcw.put(obj)
+ }
+}
+
+// gcDumpObject dumps the contents of obj for debugging and marks the
+// field at byte offset off in obj.
+func gcDumpObject(label string, obj, off uintptr) {
+ s := spanOf(obj)
+ print(label, "=", hex(obj))
+ if s == nil {
+ print(" s=nil\n")
+ return
+ }
+ print(" s.base()=", hex(s.base()), " s.limit=", hex(s.limit), " s.spanclass=", s.spanclass, " s.elemsize=", s.elemsize, " s.state=")
+ if state := s.state.get(); 0 <= state && int(state) < len(mSpanStateNames) {
+ print(mSpanStateNames[state], "\n")
+ } else {
+ print("unknown(", state, ")\n")
+ }
+
+ skipped := false
+ size := s.elemsize
+ if s.state.get() == mSpanManual && size == 0 {
+ // We're printing something from a stack frame. We
+ // don't know how big it is, so just show up to an
+ // including off.
+ size = off + goarch.PtrSize
+ }
+ for i := uintptr(0); i < size; i += goarch.PtrSize {
+ // For big objects, just print the beginning (because
+ // that usually hints at the object's type) and the
+ // fields around off.
+ if !(i < 128*goarch.PtrSize || off-16*goarch.PtrSize < i && i < off+16*goarch.PtrSize) {
+ skipped = true
+ continue
+ }
+ if skipped {
+ print(" ...\n")
+ skipped = false
+ }
+ print(" *(", label, "+", i, ") = ", hex(*(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(obj + i))))
+ if i == off {
+ print(" <==")
+ }
+ print("\n")
+ }
+ if skipped {
+ print(" ...\n")
+ }
+}
+
+// gcmarknewobject marks a newly allocated object black. obj must
+// not contain any non-nil pointers.
+//
+// This is nosplit so it can manipulate a gcWork without preemption.
+//
+//go:nowritebarrier
+//go:nosplit
+func gcmarknewobject(span *mspan, obj, size, scanSize uintptr) {
+ if useCheckmark { // The world should be stopped so this should not happen.
+ throw("gcmarknewobject called while doing checkmark")
+ }
+
+ // Mark object.
+ objIndex := span.objIndex(obj)
+ span.markBitsForIndex(objIndex).setMarked()
+
+ // Mark span.
+ arena, pageIdx, pageMask := pageIndexOf(span.base())
+ if arena.pageMarks[pageIdx]&pageMask == 0 {
+ atomic.Or8(&arena.pageMarks[pageIdx], pageMask)
+ }
+
+ gcw := &getg().m.p.ptr().gcw
+ gcw.bytesMarked += uint64(size)
+ if !goexperiment.PacerRedesign {
+ // The old pacer counts newly allocated memory toward
+ // heapScanWork because heapScan is continuously updated
+ // throughout the GC cycle with newly allocated memory. However,
+ // these objects are never actually scanned, so we need
+ // to account for them in heapScanWork here, "faking" their work.
+ // Otherwise the pacer will think it's always behind, potentially
+ // by a large margin.
+ //
+ // The new pacer doesn't care about this because it ceases to updated
+ // heapScan once a GC cycle starts, effectively snapshotting it.
+ gcw.heapScanWork += int64(scanSize)
+ }
+}
+
+// gcMarkTinyAllocs greys all active tiny alloc blocks.
+//
+// The world must be stopped.
+func gcMarkTinyAllocs() {
+ assertWorldStopped()
+
+ for _, p := range allp {
+ c := p.mcache
+ if c == nil || c.tiny == 0 {
+ continue
+ }
+ _, span, objIndex := findObject(c.tiny, 0, 0)
+ gcw := &p.gcw
+ greyobject(c.tiny, 0, 0, span, gcw, objIndex)
+ }
+}