Adding upstream version 1.19.8.upstream/1.19.8upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 1710 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/net/http/clientserver_test.go b/src/net/http/clientserver_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b472ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/net/http/clientserver_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1710 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Tests that use both the client & server, in both HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 mode.
+
+package http_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	. "net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/http/httptrace"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"net/textproto"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type clientServerTest struct {
+	t  *testing.T
+	h2 bool
+	h  Handler
+	ts *httptest.Server
+	tr *Transport
+	c  *Client
+}
+
+func (t *clientServerTest) close() {
+	t.tr.CloseIdleConnections()
+	t.ts.Close()
+}
+
+func (t *clientServerTest) getURL(u string) string {
+	res, err := t.c.Get(u)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	slurp, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(slurp)
+}
+
+func (t *clientServerTest) scheme() string {
+	if t.h2 {
+		return "https"
+	}
+	return "http"
+}
+
+const (
+	h1Mode = false
+	h2Mode = true
+)
+
+var optQuietLog = func(ts *httptest.Server) {
+	ts.Config.ErrorLog = quietLog
+}
+
+func optWithServerLog(lg *log.Logger) func(*httptest.Server) {
+	return func(ts *httptest.Server) {
+		ts.Config.ErrorLog = lg
+	}
+}
+
+func newClientServerTest(t *testing.T, h2 bool, h Handler, opts ...any) *clientServerTest {
+	if h2 {
+		CondSkipHTTP2(t)
+	}
+	cst := &clientServerTest{
+		t:  t,
+		h2: h2,
+		h:  h,
+		tr: &Transport{},
+	}
+	cst.c = &Client{Transport: cst.tr}
+	cst.ts = httptest.NewUnstartedServer(h)
+
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		switch opt := opt.(type) {
+		case func(*Transport):
+			opt(cst.tr)
+		case func(*httptest.Server):
+			opt(cst.ts)
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unhandled option type %T", opt)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !h2 {
+		cst.ts.Start()
+		return cst
+	}
+	ExportHttp2ConfigureServer(cst.ts.Config, nil)
+	cst.ts.TLS = cst.ts.Config.TLSConfig
+	cst.ts.StartTLS()
+
+	cst.tr.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+	}
+	if err := ExportHttp2ConfigureTransport(cst.tr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return cst
+}
+
+// Testing the newClientServerTest helper itself.
+func TestNewClientServerTest(t *testing.T) {
+	var got struct {
+		sync.Mutex
+		log []string
+	}
+	h := HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		got.Lock()
+		defer got.Unlock()
+		got.log = append(got.log, r.Proto)
+	})
+	for _, v := range [2]bool{false, true} {
+		cst := newClientServerTest(t, v, h)
+		if _, err := cst.c.Head(cst.ts.URL); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cst.close()
+	}
+	got.Lock() // no need to unlock
+	if want := []string{"HTTP/1.1", "HTTP/2.0"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got.log, want) {
+		t.Errorf("got %q; want %q", got.log, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChunkedResponseHeaders_h1(t *testing.T) { testChunkedResponseHeaders(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestChunkedResponseHeaders_h2(t *testing.T) { testChunkedResponseHeaders(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func testChunkedResponseHeaders(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	log.SetOutput(io.Discard) // is noisy otherwise
+	defer log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "intentional gibberish") // we check that this is deleted
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "I am a chunked response.")
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Get error: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if g, e := res.ContentLength, int64(-1); g != e {
+		t.Errorf("expected ContentLength of %d; got %d", e, g)
+	}
+	wantTE := []string{"chunked"}
+	if h2 {
+		wantTE = nil
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(res.TransferEncoding, wantTE) {
+		t.Errorf("TransferEncoding = %v; want %v", res.TransferEncoding, wantTE)
+	}
+	if got, haveCL := res.Header["Content-Length"]; haveCL {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected Content-Length: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+type reqFunc func(c *Client, url string) (*Response, error)
+
+// h12Compare is a test that compares HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 behavior
+// against each other.
+type h12Compare struct {
+	Handler            func(ResponseWriter, *Request)    // required
+	ReqFunc            reqFunc                           // optional
+	CheckResponse      func(proto string, res *Response) // optional
+	EarlyCheckResponse func(proto string, res *Response) // optional; pre-normalize
+	Opts               []any
+}
+
+func (tt h12Compare) reqFunc() reqFunc {
+	if tt.ReqFunc == nil {
+		return (*Client).Get
+	}
+	return tt.ReqFunc
+}
+
+func (tt h12Compare) run(t *testing.T) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	cst1 := newClientServerTest(t, false, HandlerFunc(tt.Handler), tt.Opts...)
+	defer cst1.close()
+	cst2 := newClientServerTest(t, true, HandlerFunc(tt.Handler), tt.Opts...)
+	defer cst2.close()
+
+	res1, err := tt.reqFunc()(cst1.c, cst1.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("HTTP/1 request: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	res2, err := tt.reqFunc()(cst2.c, cst2.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("HTTP/2 request: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if fn := tt.EarlyCheckResponse; fn != nil {
+		fn("HTTP/1.1", res1)
+		fn("HTTP/2.0", res2)
+	}
+
+	tt.normalizeRes(t, res1, "HTTP/1.1")
+	tt.normalizeRes(t, res2, "HTTP/2.0")
+	res1body, res2body := res1.Body, res2.Body
+
+	eres1 := mostlyCopy(res1)
+	eres2 := mostlyCopy(res2)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(eres1, eres2) {
+		t.Errorf("Response headers to handler differed:\nhttp/1 (%v):\n\t%#v\nhttp/2 (%v):\n\t%#v",
+			cst1.ts.URL, eres1, cst2.ts.URL, eres2)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(res1body, res2body) {
+		t.Errorf("Response bodies to handler differed.\nhttp1: %v\nhttp2: %v\n", res1body, res2body)
+	}
+	if fn := tt.CheckResponse; fn != nil {
+		res1.Body, res2.Body = res1body, res2body
+		fn("HTTP/1.1", res1)
+		fn("HTTP/2.0", res2)
+	}
+}
+
+func mostlyCopy(r *Response) *Response {
+	c := *r
+	c.Body = nil
+	c.TransferEncoding = nil
+	c.TLS = nil
+	c.Request = nil
+	return &c
+}
+
+type slurpResult struct {
+	io.ReadCloser
+	body []byte
+	err  error
+}
+
+func (sr slurpResult) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("body %q; err %v", sr.body, sr.err) }
+
+func (tt h12Compare) normalizeRes(t *testing.T, res *Response, wantProto string) {
+	if res.Proto == wantProto || res.Proto == "HTTP/IGNORE" {
+		res.Proto, res.ProtoMajor, res.ProtoMinor = "", 0, 0
+	} else {
+		t.Errorf("got %q response; want %q", res.Proto, wantProto)
+	}
+	slurp, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+
+	res.Body.Close()
+	res.Body = slurpResult{
+		ReadCloser: io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(slurp)),
+		body:       slurp,
+		err:        err,
+	}
+	for i, v := range res.Header["Date"] {
+		res.Header["Date"][i] = strings.Repeat("x", len(v))
+	}
+	if res.Request == nil {
+		t.Errorf("for %s, no request", wantProto)
+	}
+	if (res.TLS != nil) != (wantProto == "HTTP/2.0") {
+		t.Errorf("TLS set = %v; want %v", res.TLS != nil, res.TLS == nil)
+	}
+}
+
+// Issue 13532
+func TestH12_HeadContentLengthNoBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		ReqFunc: (*Client).Head,
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_HeadContentLengthSmallBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		ReqFunc: (*Client).Head,
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			io.WriteString(w, "small")
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_HeadContentLengthLargeBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		ReqFunc: (*Client).Head,
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			chunk := strings.Repeat("x", 512<<10)
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				io.WriteString(w, chunk)
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_200NoBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH2_204NoBody(t *testing.T) { testH12_noBody(t, 204) }
+func TestH2_304NoBody(t *testing.T) { testH12_noBody(t, 304) }
+func TestH2_404NoBody(t *testing.T) { testH12_noBody(t, 404) }
+
+func testH12_noBody(t *testing.T, status int) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(status)
+	}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_SmallBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.WriteString(w, "small body")
+	}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_ExplicitContentLength(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "3")
+		io.WriteString(w, "foo")
+	}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_FlushBeforeBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		io.WriteString(w, "foo")
+	}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_FlushMidBody(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.WriteString(w, "foo")
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		io.WriteString(w, "bar")
+	}}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_Head_ExplicitLen(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		ReqFunc: (*Client).Head,
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			if r.Method != "HEAD" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected method %q", r.Method)
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "1235")
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_Head_ImplicitLen(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		ReqFunc: (*Client).Head,
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			if r.Method != "HEAD" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected method %q", r.Method)
+			}
+			io.WriteString(w, "foo")
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_HandlerWritesTooLittle(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "3")
+			io.WriteString(w, "12") // one byte short
+		},
+		CheckResponse: func(proto string, res *Response) {
+			sr, ok := res.Body.(slurpResult)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Errorf("%s body is %T; want slurpResult", proto, res.Body)
+				return
+			}
+			if sr.err != io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
+				t.Errorf("%s read error = %v; want io.ErrUnexpectedEOF", proto, sr.err)
+			}
+			if string(sr.body) != "12" {
+				t.Errorf("%s body = %q; want %q", proto, sr.body, "12")
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+// Tests that the HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 servers prevent handlers from
+// writing more than they declared. This test does not test whether
+// the transport deals with too much data, though, since the server
+// doesn't make it possible to send bogus data. For those tests, see
+// transport_test.go (for HTTP/1) or x/net/http2/transport_test.go
+// (for HTTP/2).
+func TestH12_HandlerWritesTooMuch(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "3")
+			w.(Flusher).Flush()
+			io.WriteString(w, "123")
+			w.(Flusher).Flush()
+			n, err := io.WriteString(w, "x") // too many
+			if n > 0 || err == nil {
+				t.Errorf("for proto %q, final write = %v, %v; want 0, some error", r.Proto, n, err)
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+// Verify that both our HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 request and auto-decompress gzip.
+// Some hosts send gzip even if you don't ask for it; see golang.org/issue/13298
+func TestH12_AutoGzip(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			if ae := r.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding"); ae != "gzip" {
+				t.Errorf("%s Accept-Encoding = %q; want gzip", r.Proto, ae)
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+			gz := gzip.NewWriter(w)
+			io.WriteString(gz, "I am some gzipped content. Go go go go go go go go go go go go should compress well.")
+			gz.Close()
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_AutoGzip_Disabled(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Opts: []any{
+			func(tr *Transport) { tr.DisableCompression = true },
+		},
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", r.Header["Accept-Encoding"])
+			if ae := r.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding"); ae != "" {
+				t.Errorf("%s Accept-Encoding = %q; want empty", r.Proto, ae)
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+// Test304Responses verifies that 304s don't declare that they're
+// chunking in their response headers and aren't allowed to produce
+// output.
+func Test304Responses_h1(t *testing.T) { test304Responses(t, h1Mode) }
+func Test304Responses_h2(t *testing.T) { test304Responses(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func test304Responses(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(StatusNotModified)
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte("illegal body"))
+		if err != ErrBodyNotAllowed {
+			t.Errorf("on Write, expected ErrBodyNotAllowed, got %v", err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(res.TransferEncoding) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no TransferEncoding; got %v", res.TransferEncoding)
+	}
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	if len(body) > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("got unexpected body %q", string(body))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestH12_ServerEmptyContentLength(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			w.Header()["Content-Type"] = []string{""}
+			io.WriteString(w, "<html><body>hi</body></html>")
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestH12_RequestContentLength_Known_NonZero(t *testing.T) {
+	h12requestContentLength(t, func() io.Reader { return strings.NewReader("FOUR") }, 4)
+}
+
+func TestH12_RequestContentLength_Known_Zero(t *testing.T) {
+	h12requestContentLength(t, func() io.Reader { return nil }, 0)
+}
+
+func TestH12_RequestContentLength_Unknown(t *testing.T) {
+	h12requestContentLength(t, func() io.Reader { return struct{ io.Reader }{strings.NewReader("Stuff")} }, -1)
+}
+
+func h12requestContentLength(t *testing.T, bodyfn func() io.Reader, wantLen int64) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			w.Header().Set("Got-Length", fmt.Sprint(r.ContentLength))
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "Req.ContentLength=%v", r.ContentLength)
+		},
+		ReqFunc: func(c *Client, url string) (*Response, error) {
+			return c.Post(url, "text/plain", bodyfn())
+		},
+		CheckResponse: func(proto string, res *Response) {
+			if got, want := res.Header.Get("Got-Length"), fmt.Sprint(wantLen); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("Proto %q got length %q; want %q", proto, got, want)
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+// Tests that closing the Request.Cancel channel also while still
+// reading the response body. Issue 13159.
+func TestCancelRequestMidBody_h1(t *testing.T) { testCancelRequestMidBody(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestCancelRequestMidBody_h2(t *testing.T) { testCancelRequestMidBody(t, h2Mode) }
+func testCancelRequestMidBody(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	unblock := make(chan bool)
+	didFlush := make(chan bool, 1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.WriteString(w, "Hello")
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		didFlush <- true
+		<-unblock
+		io.WriteString(w, ", world.")
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	defer close(unblock)
+
+	req, _ := NewRequest("GET", cst.ts.URL, nil)
+	cancel := make(chan struct{})
+	req.Cancel = cancel
+
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	<-didFlush
+
+	// Read a bit before we cancel. (Issue 13626)
+	// We should have "Hello" at least sitting there.
+	firstRead := make([]byte, 10)
+	n, err := res.Body.Read(firstRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	firstRead = firstRead[:n]
+
+	close(cancel)
+
+	rest, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	all := string(firstRead) + string(rest)
+	if all != "Hello" {
+		t.Errorf("Read %q (%q + %q); want Hello", all, firstRead, rest)
+	}
+	if err != ExportErrRequestCanceled {
+		t.Errorf("ReadAll error = %v; want %v", err, ExportErrRequestCanceled)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that clients can send trailers to a server and that the server can read them.
+func TestTrailersClientToServer_h1(t *testing.T) { testTrailersClientToServer(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestTrailersClientToServer_h2(t *testing.T) { testTrailersClientToServer(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func testTrailersClientToServer(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		var decl []string
+		for k := range r.Trailer {
+			decl = append(decl, k)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(decl)
+
+		slurp, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Server reading request body: %v", err)
+		}
+		if string(slurp) != "foo" {
+			t.Errorf("Server read request body %q; want foo", slurp)
+		}
+		if r.Trailer == nil {
+			io.WriteString(w, "nil Trailer")
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "decl: %v, vals: %s, %s",
+				decl,
+				r.Trailer.Get("Client-Trailer-A"),
+				r.Trailer.Get("Client-Trailer-B"))
+		}
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	var req *Request
+	req, _ = NewRequest("POST", cst.ts.URL, io.MultiReader(
+		eofReaderFunc(func() {
+			req.Trailer["Client-Trailer-A"] = []string{"valuea"}
+		}),
+		strings.NewReader("foo"),
+		eofReaderFunc(func() {
+			req.Trailer["Client-Trailer-B"] = []string{"valueb"}
+		}),
+	))
+	req.Trailer = Header{
+		"Client-Trailer-A": nil, //  to be set later
+		"Client-Trailer-B": nil, //  to be set later
+	}
+	req.ContentLength = -1
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := wantBody(res, err, "decl: [Client-Trailer-A Client-Trailer-B], vals: valuea, valueb"); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that servers send trailers to a client and that the client can read them.
+func TestTrailersServerToClient_h1(t *testing.T)       { testTrailersServerToClient(t, h1Mode, false) }
+func TestTrailersServerToClient_h2(t *testing.T)       { testTrailersServerToClient(t, h2Mode, false) }
+func TestTrailersServerToClient_Flush_h1(t *testing.T) { testTrailersServerToClient(t, h1Mode, true) }
+func TestTrailersServerToClient_Flush_h2(t *testing.T) { testTrailersServerToClient(t, h2Mode, true) }
+
+func testTrailersServerToClient(t *testing.T, h2, flush bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	const body = "Some body"
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Trailer", "Server-Trailer-A, Server-Trailer-B")
+		w.Header().Add("Trailer", "Server-Trailer-C")
+
+		io.WriteString(w, body)
+		if flush {
+			w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		}
+
+		// How handlers set Trailers: declare it ahead of time
+		// with the Trailer header, and then mutate the
+		// Header() of those values later, after the response
+		// has been written (we wrote to w above).
+		w.Header().Set("Server-Trailer-A", "valuea")
+		w.Header().Set("Server-Trailer-C", "valuec") // skipping B
+		w.Header().Set("Server-Trailer-NotDeclared", "should be omitted")
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	wantHeader := Header{
+		"Content-Type": {"text/plain; charset=utf-8"},
+	}
+	wantLen := -1
+	if h2 && !flush {
+		// In HTTP/1.1, any use of trailers forces HTTP/1.1
+		// chunking and a flush at the first write. That's
+		// unnecessary with HTTP/2's framing, so the server
+		// is able to calculate the length while still sending
+		// trailers afterwards.
+		wantLen = len(body)
+		wantHeader["Content-Length"] = []string{fmt.Sprint(wantLen)}
+	}
+	if res.ContentLength != int64(wantLen) {
+		t.Errorf("ContentLength = %v; want %v", res.ContentLength, wantLen)
+	}
+
+	delete(res.Header, "Date") // irrelevant for test
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(res.Header, wantHeader) {
+		t.Errorf("Header = %v; want %v", res.Header, wantHeader)
+	}
+
+	if got, want := res.Trailer, (Header{
+		"Server-Trailer-A": nil,
+		"Server-Trailer-B": nil,
+		"Server-Trailer-C": nil,
+	}); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Trailer before body read = %v; want %v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if err := wantBody(res, nil, body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if got, want := res.Trailer, (Header{
+		"Server-Trailer-A": {"valuea"},
+		"Server-Trailer-B": nil,
+		"Server-Trailer-C": {"valuec"},
+	}); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Trailer after body read = %v; want %v", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// Don't allow a Body.Read after Body.Close. Issue 13648.
+func TestResponseBodyReadAfterClose_h1(t *testing.T) { testResponseBodyReadAfterClose(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestResponseBodyReadAfterClose_h2(t *testing.T) { testResponseBodyReadAfterClose(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func testResponseBodyReadAfterClose(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	const body = "Some body"
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.WriteString(w, body)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if len(data) != 0 || err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadAll returned %q, %v; want error", data, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentReadWriteReqBody_h1(t *testing.T) { testConcurrentReadWriteReqBody(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestConcurrentReadWriteReqBody_h2(t *testing.T) { testConcurrentReadWriteReqBody(t, h2Mode) }
+func testConcurrentReadWriteReqBody(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	const reqBody = "some request body"
+	const resBody = "some response body"
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		wg.Add(2)
+		didRead := make(chan bool, 1)
+		// Read in one goroutine.
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			data, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			if string(data) != reqBody {
+				t.Errorf("Handler read %q; want %q", data, reqBody)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Handler Read: %v", err)
+			}
+			didRead <- true
+		}()
+		// Write in another goroutine.
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if !h2 {
+				// our HTTP/1 implementation intentionally
+				// doesn't permit writes during read (mostly
+				// due to it being undefined); if that is ever
+				// relaxed, change this.
+				<-didRead
+			}
+			io.WriteString(w, resBody)
+		}()
+		wg.Wait()
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	req, _ := NewRequest("POST", cst.ts.URL, strings.NewReader(reqBody))
+	req.Header.Add("Expect", "100-continue") // just to complicate things
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != resBody {
+		t.Errorf("read %q; want %q", data, resBody)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConnectRequest_h1(t *testing.T) { testConnectRequest(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestConnectRequest_h2(t *testing.T) { testConnectRequest(t, h2Mode) }
+func testConnectRequest(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	gotc := make(chan *Request, 1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		gotc <- r
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		req  *Request
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			req: &Request{
+				Method: "CONNECT",
+				Header: Header{},
+				URL:    u,
+			},
+			want: u.Host,
+		},
+		{
+			req: &Request{
+				Method: "CONNECT",
+				Header: Header{},
+				URL:    u,
+				Host:   "example.com:123",
+			},
+			want: "example.com:123",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		res, err := cst.c.Do(tt.req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%d. RoundTrip = %v", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		res.Body.Close()
+		req := <-gotc
+		if req.Method != "CONNECT" {
+			t.Errorf("method = %q; want CONNECT", req.Method)
+		}
+		if req.Host != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("Host = %q; want %q", req.Host, tt.want)
+		}
+		if req.URL.Host != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("URL.Host = %q; want %q", req.URL.Host, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTransportUserAgent_h1(t *testing.T) { testTransportUserAgent(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestTransportUserAgent_h2(t *testing.T) { testTransportUserAgent(t, h2Mode) }
+func testTransportUserAgent(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", r.Header["User-Agent"])
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	either := func(a, b string) string {
+		if h2 {
+			return b
+		}
+		return a
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		setup func(*Request)
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{
+			func(r *Request) {},
+			either(`["Go-http-client/1.1"]`, `["Go-http-client/2.0"]`),
+		},
+		{
+			func(r *Request) { r.Header.Set("User-Agent", "foo/1.2.3") },
+			`["foo/1.2.3"]`,
+		},
+		{
+			func(r *Request) { r.Header["User-Agent"] = []string{"single", "or", "multiple"} },
+			`["single"]`,
+		},
+		{
+			func(r *Request) { r.Header.Set("User-Agent", "") },
+			`[]`,
+		},
+		{
+			func(r *Request) { r.Header["User-Agent"] = nil },
+			`[]`,
+		},
+	}
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		req, _ := NewRequest("GET", cst.ts.URL, nil)
+		tt.setup(req)
+		res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%d. RoundTrip = %v", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		slurp, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		res.Body.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%d. read body = %v", i, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if string(slurp) != tt.want {
+			t.Errorf("%d. body mismatch.\n got: %s\nwant: %s\n", i, slurp, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStarRequestFoo_h1(t *testing.T)     { testStarRequest(t, "FOO", h1Mode) }
+func TestStarRequestFoo_h2(t *testing.T)     { testStarRequest(t, "FOO", h2Mode) }
+func TestStarRequestOptions_h1(t *testing.T) { testStarRequest(t, "OPTIONS", h1Mode) }
+func TestStarRequestOptions_h2(t *testing.T) { testStarRequest(t, "OPTIONS", h2Mode) }
+func testStarRequest(t *testing.T, method string, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	gotc := make(chan *Request, 1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("foo", "bar")
+		gotc <- r
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	u.Path = "*"
+
+	req := &Request{
+		Method: method,
+		Header: Header{},
+		URL:    u,
+	}
+
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RoundTrip = %v", err)
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	wantFoo := "bar"
+	wantLen := int64(-1)
+	if method == "OPTIONS" {
+		wantFoo = ""
+		wantLen = 0
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("status code = %v; want %d", res.Status, 200)
+	}
+	if res.ContentLength != wantLen {
+		t.Errorf("content length = %v; want %d", res.ContentLength, wantLen)
+	}
+	if got := res.Header.Get("foo"); got != wantFoo {
+		t.Errorf("response \"foo\" header = %q; want %q", got, wantFoo)
+	}
+	select {
+	case req = <-gotc:
+	default:
+		req = nil
+	}
+	if req == nil {
+		if method != "OPTIONS" {
+			t.Fatalf("handler never got request")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if req.Method != method {
+		t.Errorf("method = %q; want %q", req.Method, method)
+	}
+	if req.URL.Path != "*" {
+		t.Errorf("URL.Path = %q; want *", req.URL.Path)
+	}
+	if req.RequestURI != "*" {
+		t.Errorf("RequestURI = %q; want *", req.RequestURI)
+	}
+}
+
+// Issue 13957
+func TestTransportDiscardsUnneededConns(t *testing.T) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2Mode, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %v", r.RemoteAddr)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	var numOpen, numClose int32 // atomic
+
+	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}
+	tr := &Transport{
+		TLSClientConfig: tlsConfig,
+		DialTLS: func(_, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			rc, err := net.Dial("tcp", addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			atomic.AddInt32(&numOpen, 1)
+			c := noteCloseConn{rc, func() { atomic.AddInt32(&numClose, 1) }}
+			return tls.Client(c, tlsConfig), nil
+		},
+	}
+	if err := ExportHttp2ConfigureTransport(tr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer tr.CloseIdleConnections()
+
+	c := &Client{Transport: tr}
+
+	const N = 10
+	gotBody := make(chan string, N)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			resp, err := c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Try to work around spurious connection reset on loaded system.
+				// See golang.org/issue/33585 and golang.org/issue/36797.
+				time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+				resp, err = c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Get: %v", err)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			slurp, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+			gotBody <- string(slurp)
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(gotBody)
+
+	var last string
+	for got := range gotBody {
+		if last == "" {
+			last = got
+			continue
+		}
+		if got != last {
+			t.Errorf("Response body changed: %q -> %q", last, got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var open, close int32
+	for i := 0; i < 150; i++ {
+		open, close = atomic.LoadInt32(&numOpen), atomic.LoadInt32(&numClose)
+		if open < 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("open = %d; want at least", open)
+		}
+		if close == open-1 {
+			// Success
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Errorf("%d connections opened, %d closed; want %d to close", open, close, open-1)
+}
+
+// tests that Transport doesn't retain a pointer to the provided request.
+func TestTransportGCRequest_Body_h1(t *testing.T)   { testTransportGCRequest(t, h1Mode, true) }
+func TestTransportGCRequest_Body_h2(t *testing.T)   { testTransportGCRequest(t, h2Mode, true) }
+func TestTransportGCRequest_NoBody_h1(t *testing.T) { testTransportGCRequest(t, h1Mode, false) }
+func TestTransportGCRequest_NoBody_h2(t *testing.T) { testTransportGCRequest(t, h2Mode, false) }
+func testTransportGCRequest(t *testing.T, h2, body bool) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if body {
+			io.WriteString(w, "Hello.")
+		}
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	didGC := make(chan struct{})
+	(func() {
+		body := strings.NewReader("some body")
+		req, _ := NewRequest("POST", cst.ts.URL, body)
+		runtime.SetFinalizer(req, func(*Request) { close(didGC) })
+		res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if _, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := res.Body.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})()
+	timeout := time.NewTimer(5 * time.Second)
+	defer timeout.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-didGC:
+			return
+		case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+			runtime.GC()
+		case <-timeout.C:
+			t.Fatal("never saw GC of request")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTransportRejectsInvalidHeaders_h1(t *testing.T) {
+	testTransportRejectsInvalidHeaders(t, h1Mode)
+}
+func TestTransportRejectsInvalidHeaders_h2(t *testing.T) {
+	testTransportRejectsInvalidHeaders(t, h2Mode)
+}
+func testTransportRejectsInvalidHeaders(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Handler saw headers: %q", r.Header)
+	}), optQuietLog)
+	defer cst.close()
+	cst.tr.DisableKeepAlives = true
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		key, val string
+		ok       bool
+	}{
+		{"Foo", "capital-key", true}, // verify h2 allows capital keys
+		{"Foo", "foo\x00bar", false}, // \x00 byte in value not allowed
+		{"Foo", "two\nlines", false}, // \n byte in value not allowed
+		{"bogus\nkey", "v", false},   // \n byte also not allowed in key
+		{"A space", "v", false},      // spaces in keys not allowed
+		{"имя", "v", false},          // key must be ascii
+		{"name", "валю", true},       // value may be non-ascii
+		{"", "v", false},             // key must be non-empty
+		{"k", "", true},              // value may be empty
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		dialedc := make(chan bool, 1)
+		cst.tr.Dial = func(netw, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			dialedc <- true
+			return net.Dial(netw, addr)
+		}
+		req, _ := NewRequest("GET", cst.ts.URL, nil)
+		req.Header[tt.key] = []string{tt.val}
+		res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+		var body []byte
+		if err == nil {
+			body, _ = io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			res.Body.Close()
+		}
+		var dialed bool
+		select {
+		case <-dialedc:
+			dialed = true
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if !tt.ok && dialed {
+			t.Errorf("For key %q, value %q, transport dialed. Expected local failure. Response was: (%v, %v)\nServer replied with: %s", tt.key, tt.val, res, err, body)
+		} else if (err == nil) != tt.ok {
+			t.Errorf("For key %q, value %q; got err = %v; want ok=%v", tt.key, tt.val, err, tt.ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_h1(t *testing.T)     { testInterruptWithPanic(t, h1Mode, "boom") }
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_h2(t *testing.T)     { testInterruptWithPanic(t, h2Mode, "boom") }
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_nil_h1(t *testing.T) { testInterruptWithPanic(t, h1Mode, nil) }
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_nil_h2(t *testing.T) { testInterruptWithPanic(t, h2Mode, nil) }
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_ErrAbortHandler_h1(t *testing.T) {
+	testInterruptWithPanic(t, h1Mode, ErrAbortHandler)
+}
+func TestInterruptWithPanic_ErrAbortHandler_h2(t *testing.T) {
+	testInterruptWithPanic(t, h2Mode, ErrAbortHandler)
+}
+func testInterruptWithPanic(t *testing.T, h2 bool, panicValue any) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	const msg = "hello"
+	defer afterTest(t)
+
+	testDone := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(testDone)
+
+	var errorLog lockedBytesBuffer
+	gotHeaders := make(chan bool, 1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		io.WriteString(w, msg)
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+
+		select {
+		case <-gotHeaders:
+		case <-testDone:
+		}
+		panic(panicValue)
+	}), func(ts *httptest.Server) {
+		ts.Config.ErrorLog = log.New(&errorLog, "", 0)
+	})
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	gotHeaders <- true
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	slurp, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if string(slurp) != msg {
+		t.Errorf("client read %q; want %q", slurp, msg)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("client read all successfully; want some error")
+	}
+	logOutput := func() string {
+		errorLog.Lock()
+		defer errorLog.Unlock()
+		return errorLog.String()
+	}
+	wantStackLogged := panicValue != nil && panicValue != ErrAbortHandler
+
+	if err := waitErrCondition(5*time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, func() error {
+		gotLog := logOutput()
+		if !wantStackLogged {
+			if gotLog == "" {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("want no log output; got: %s", gotLog)
+		}
+		if gotLog == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wanted a stack trace logged; got nothing")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(gotLog, "created by ") && strings.Count(gotLog, "\n") < 6 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("output doesn't look like a panic stack trace. Got: %s", gotLog)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+type lockedBytesBuffer struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	bytes.Buffer
+}
+
+func (b *lockedBytesBuffer) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	b.Lock()
+	defer b.Unlock()
+	return b.Buffer.Write(p)
+}
+
+// Issue 15366
+func TestH12_AutoGzipWithDumpResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			h := w.Header()
+			h.Set("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+			h.Set("Content-Length", "23")
+			io.WriteString(w, "\x1f\x8b\b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00s\xf3\xf7\a\x00\xab'\xd4\x1a\x03\x00\x00\x00")
+		},
+		EarlyCheckResponse: func(proto string, res *Response) {
+			if !res.Uncompressed {
+				t.Errorf("%s: expected Uncompressed to be set", proto)
+			}
+			dump, err := httputil.DumpResponse(res, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("%s: DumpResponse: %v", proto, err)
+				return
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(string(dump), "Connection: close") {
+				t.Errorf("%s: should not see \"Connection: close\" in dump; got:\n%s", proto, dump)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(string(dump), "FOO") {
+				t.Errorf("%s: should see \"FOO\" in response; got:\n%s", proto, dump)
+			}
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+// Issue 14607
+func TestCloseIdleConnections_h1(t *testing.T) { testCloseIdleConnections(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestCloseIdleConnections_h2(t *testing.T) { testCloseIdleConnections(t, h2Mode) }
+func testCloseIdleConnections(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("X-Addr", r.RemoteAddr)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	get := func() string {
+		res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		res.Body.Close()
+		v := res.Header.Get("X-Addr")
+		if v == "" {
+			t.Fatal("didn't get X-Addr")
+		}
+		return v
+	}
+	a1 := get()
+	cst.tr.CloseIdleConnections()
+	a2 := get()
+	if a1 == a2 {
+		t.Errorf("didn't close connection")
+	}
+}
+
+type noteCloseConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	closeFunc func()
+}
+
+func (x noteCloseConn) Close() error {
+	x.closeFunc()
+	return x.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+type testErrorReader struct{ t *testing.T }
+
+func (r testErrorReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	r.t.Error("unexpected Read call")
+	return 0, io.EOF
+}
+
+func TestNoSniffExpectRequestBody_h1(t *testing.T) { testNoSniffExpectRequestBody(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestNoSniffExpectRequestBody_h2(t *testing.T) { testNoSniffExpectRequestBody(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func testNoSniffExpectRequestBody(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(StatusUnauthorized)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	// Set ExpectContinueTimeout non-zero so RoundTrip won't try to write it.
+	cst.tr.ExpectContinueTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+
+	req, err := NewRequest("POST", cst.ts.URL, testErrorReader{t})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	req.ContentLength = 0 // so transport is tempted to sniff it
+	req.Header.Set("Expect", "100-continue")
+	res, err := cst.tr.RoundTrip(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	if res.StatusCode != StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Errorf("status code = %v; want %v", res.StatusCode, StatusUnauthorized)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerUndeclaredTrailers_h1(t *testing.T) { testServerUndeclaredTrailers(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestServerUndeclaredTrailers_h2(t *testing.T) { testServerUndeclaredTrailers(t, h2Mode) }
+func testServerUndeclaredTrailers(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Foo", "Bar")
+		w.Header().Set("Trailer:Foo", "Baz")
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		w.Header().Add("Trailer:Foo", "Baz2")
+		w.Header().Set("Trailer:Bar", "Quux")
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, res.Body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+	delete(res.Header, "Date")
+	delete(res.Header, "Content-Type")
+
+	if want := (Header{"Foo": {"Bar"}}); !reflect.DeepEqual(res.Header, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Header = %#v; want %#v", res.Header, want)
+	}
+	if want := (Header{"Foo": {"Baz", "Baz2"}, "Bar": {"Quux"}}); !reflect.DeepEqual(res.Trailer, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Trailer = %#v; want %#v", res.Trailer, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBadResponseAfterReadingBody(t *testing.T) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, false, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		_, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, r.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		c, _, err := w.(Hijacker).Hijack()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer c.Close()
+		fmt.Fprintln(c, "some bogus crap")
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	closes := 0
+	res, err := cst.c.Post(cst.ts.URL, "text/plain", countCloseReader{&closes, strings.NewReader("hello")})
+	if err == nil {
+		res.Body.Close()
+		t.Fatal("expected an error to be returned from Post")
+	}
+	if closes != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("closes = %d; want 1", closes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteHeader0_h1(t *testing.T) { testWriteHeader0(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestWriteHeader0_h2(t *testing.T) { testWriteHeader0(t, h2Mode) }
+func testWriteHeader0(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	gotpanic := make(chan bool, 1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		defer close(gotpanic)
+		defer func() {
+			if e := recover(); e != nil {
+				got := fmt.Sprintf("%T, %v", e, e)
+				want := "string, invalid WriteHeader code 0"
+				if got != want {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected panic value:\n got: %v\nwant: %v\n", got, want)
+				}
+				gotpanic <- true
+
+				// Set an explicit 503. This also tests that the WriteHeader call panics
+				// before it recorded that an explicit value was set and that bogus
+				// value wasn't stuck.
+				w.WriteHeader(503)
+			}
+		}()
+		w.WriteHeader(0)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode != 503 {
+		t.Errorf("Response: %v %q; want 503", res.StatusCode, res.Status)
+	}
+	if !<-gotpanic {
+		t.Error("expected panic in handler")
+	}
+}
+
+// Issue 23010: don't be super strict checking WriteHeader's code if
+// it's not even valid to call WriteHeader then anyway.
+func TestWriteHeaderNoCodeCheck_h1(t *testing.T)       { testWriteHeaderAfterWrite(t, h1Mode, false) }
+func TestWriteHeaderNoCodeCheck_h1hijack(t *testing.T) { testWriteHeaderAfterWrite(t, h1Mode, true) }
+func TestWriteHeaderNoCodeCheck_h2(t *testing.T)       { testWriteHeaderAfterWrite(t, h2Mode, false) }
+func testWriteHeaderAfterWrite(t *testing.T, h2, hijack bool) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+
+	var errorLog lockedBytesBuffer
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		if hijack {
+			conn, _, _ := w.(Hijacker).Hijack()
+			defer conn.Close()
+			conn.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 6\r\n\r\nfoo"))
+			w.WriteHeader(0) // verify this doesn't panic if there's already output; Issue 23010
+			conn.Write([]byte("bar"))
+			return
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, "foo")
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		w.WriteHeader(0) // verify this doesn't panic if there's already output; Issue 23010
+		io.WriteString(w, "bar")
+	}), func(ts *httptest.Server) {
+		ts.Config.ErrorLog = log.New(&errorLog, "", 0)
+	})
+	defer cst.close()
+	res, err := cst.c.Get(cst.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got, want := string(body), "foobar"; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// Also check the stderr output:
+	if h2 {
+		// TODO: also emit this log message for HTTP/2?
+		// We historically haven't, so don't check.
+		return
+	}
+	gotLog := strings.TrimSpace(errorLog.String())
+	wantLog := "http: superfluous response.WriteHeader call from net/http_test.testWriteHeaderAfterWrite.func1 (clientserver_test.go:"
+	if hijack {
+		wantLog = "http: response.WriteHeader on hijacked connection from net/http_test.testWriteHeaderAfterWrite.func1 (clientserver_test.go:"
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(gotLog, wantLog) {
+		t.Errorf("stderr output = %q; want %q", gotLog, wantLog)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBidiStreamReverseProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+	backend := newClientServerTest(t, h2Mode, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(w, r.Body); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("bidi backend copy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer backend.close()
+
+	backURL, err := url.Parse(backend.ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rp := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(backURL)
+	rp.Transport = backend.tr
+	proxy := newClientServerTest(t, h2Mode, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		rp.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
+	defer proxy.close()
+
+	bodyRes := make(chan any, 1) // error or hash.Hash
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+	req, _ := NewRequest("PUT", proxy.ts.URL, pr)
+	const size = 4 << 20
+	go func() {
+		h := sha1.New()
+		_, err := io.CopyN(io.MultiWriter(h, pw), rand.Reader, size)
+		go pw.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			bodyRes <- err
+		} else {
+			bodyRes <- h
+		}
+	}()
+	res, err := backend.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	hgot := sha1.New()
+	n, err := io.Copy(hgot, res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if n != size {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d bytes; want %d", n, size)
+	}
+	select {
+	case v := <-bodyRes:
+		switch v := v.(type) {
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("body copy: %v", err)
+		case hash.Hash:
+			if !bytes.Equal(v.Sum(nil), hgot.Sum(nil)) {
+				t.Errorf("written bytes didn't match received bytes")
+			}
+		}
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout")
+	}
+
+}
+
+// Always use HTTP/1.1 for WebSocket upgrades.
+func TestH12_WebSocketUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
+	h12Compare{
+		Handler: func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+			h := w.Header()
+			h.Set("Foo", "bar")
+		},
+		ReqFunc: func(c *Client, url string) (*Response, error) {
+			req, _ := NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
+			req.Header.Set("Connection", "Upgrade")
+			req.Header.Set("Upgrade", "WebSocket")
+			return c.Do(req)
+		},
+		EarlyCheckResponse: func(proto string, res *Response) {
+			if res.Proto != "HTTP/1.1" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: expected HTTP/1.1, got %q", proto, res.Proto)
+			}
+			res.Proto = "HTTP/IGNORE" // skip later checks that Proto must be 1.1 vs 2.0
+		},
+	}.run(t)
+}
+
+func TestIdentityTransferEncoding_h1(t *testing.T) { testIdentityTransferEncoding(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestIdentityTransferEncoding_h2(t *testing.T) { testIdentityTransferEncoding(t, h2Mode) }
+
+func testIdentityTransferEncoding(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	setParallel(t)
+	defer afterTest(t)
+
+	const body = "body"
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		gotBody, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		if got, want := string(gotBody), body; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got request body = %q; want %q", got, want)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Transfer-Encoding", "identity")
+		w.WriteHeader(StatusOK)
+		w.(Flusher).Flush()
+		io.WriteString(w, body)
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+	req, _ := NewRequest("GET", cst.ts.URL, strings.NewReader(body))
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	gotBody, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got, want := string(gotBody), body; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("got response body = %q; want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEarlyHintsRequest_h1(t *testing.T) { testEarlyHintsRequest(t, h1Mode) }
+func TestEarlyHintsRequest_h2(t *testing.T) { testEarlyHintsRequest(t, h2Mode) }
+func testEarlyHintsRequest(t *testing.T, h2 bool) {
+	defer afterTest(t)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	cst := newClientServerTest(t, h2, HandlerFunc(func(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
+		h := w.Header()
+
+		h.Add("Content-Length", "123") // must be ignored
+		h.Add("Link", "</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style")
+		h.Add("Link", "</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script")
+		w.WriteHeader(StatusEarlyHints)
+
+		wg.Wait()
+
+		h.Add("Link", "</foo.js>; rel=preload; as=script")
+		w.WriteHeader(StatusEarlyHints)
+
+		w.Write([]byte("Hello"))
+	}))
+	defer cst.close()
+
+	checkLinkHeaders := func(t *testing.T, expected, got []string) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		if len(expected) != len(got) {
+			t.Errorf("got %d expected %d", len(got), len(expected))
+		}
+
+		for i := range expected {
+			if expected[i] != got[i] {
+				t.Errorf("got %q expected %q", got[i], expected[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	checkExcludedHeaders := func(t *testing.T, header textproto.MIMEHeader) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		for _, h := range []string{"Content-Length", "Transfer-Encoding"} {
+			if v, ok := header[h]; ok {
+				t.Errorf("%s is %q; must not be sent", h, v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	var respCounter uint8
+	trace := &httptrace.ClientTrace{
+		Got1xxResponse: func(code int, header textproto.MIMEHeader) error {
+			switch respCounter {
+			case 0:
+				checkLinkHeaders(t, []string{"</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style", "</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script"}, header["Link"])
+				checkExcludedHeaders(t, header)
+
+				wg.Done()
+			case 1:
+				checkLinkHeaders(t, []string{"</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style", "</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script", "</foo.js>; rel=preload; as=script"}, header["Link"])
+				checkExcludedHeaders(t, header)
+
+			default:
+				t.Error("Unexpected 1xx response")
+			}
+
+			respCounter++
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	req, _ := NewRequestWithContext(httptrace.WithClientTrace(context.Background(), trace), "GET", cst.ts.URL, nil)
+
+	res, err := cst.c.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	checkLinkHeaders(t, []string{"</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style", "</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script", "</foo.js>; rel=preload; as=script"}, res.Header["Link"])
+	if cl := res.Header.Get("Content-Length"); cl != "123" {
+		t.Errorf("Content-Length is %q; want 123", cl)
+	}
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if string(body) != "Hello" {
+		t.Errorf("Read body %q; want Hello", body)
+	}
+}