1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
|
// +build amd64
// errorcheck -0 -d=ssa/prove/debug=1
package main
import "math"
func f0a(a []int) int {
x := 0
for i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
x += a[i] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func f0b(a []int) int {
x := 0
for i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
b := a[i:] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
x += b[0]
}
return x
}
func f0c(a []int) int {
x := 0
for i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
b := a[:i+1] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
x += b[0]
}
return x
}
func f1(a []int) int {
x := 0
for _, i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
x += i
}
return x
}
func f2(a []int) int {
x := 0
for i := 1; i < len(a); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[1,\?\), increment 1$"
x += a[i] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func f4(a [10]int) int {
x := 0
for i := 0; i < len(a); i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,10\), increment 2$"
x += a[i] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func f5(a [10]int) int {
x := 0
for i := -10; i < len(a); i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-10,10\), increment 2$"
x += a[i]
}
return x
}
func f6(a []int) {
for i := range a { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
b := a[0:i] // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
f6(b)
}
}
func g0a(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
x += int(a[i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g0b(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := 0; len(a) > i; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
x += int(a[i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g0c(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := len(a); i > 0; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(0,\?\], increment 1$"
x += int(a[i-1]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g0d(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := len(a); 0 < i; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(0,\?\], increment 1$"
x += int(a[i-1]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g0e(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := len(a) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\], increment 1$"
x += int(a[i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g0f(a string) int {
x := 0
for i := len(a) - 1; 0 <= i; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\], increment 1$"
x += int(a[i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g1() int {
a := "evenlength"
x := 0
for i := 0; i < len(a); i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,10\), increment 2$"
x += int(a[i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return x
}
func g2() int {
a := "evenlength"
x := 0
for i := 0; i < len(a); i += 2 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,10\), increment 2$"
j := i
if a[i] == 'e' { // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
j = j + 1
}
x += int(a[j])
}
return x
}
func g3a() {
a := "this string has length 25"
for i := 0; i < len(a); i += 5 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,25\), increment 5$"
useString(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useString(a[:i+3])
}
}
func g3b(a string) {
for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[i+1:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
}
func g3c(a string) {
for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[:i+1]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
}
func h1(a []byte) {
c := a[:128]
for i := range c { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,128\), increment 1$"
c[i] = byte(i) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
}
func h2(a []byte) {
for i := range a[:128] { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,128\), increment 1$"
a[i] = byte(i)
}
}
func k0(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 10; i < 90; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[10,90\), increment 1$"
a[i-11] = i
a[i-10] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i-5] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+5] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+10] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+11] = i
}
return a
}
func k1(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 10; i < 90; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[10,90\), increment 1$"
useSlice(a[:i-11])
useSlice(a[:i-10]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i-5]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i+5]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i+10]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i+11]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[:i+12])
}
return a
}
func k2(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 10; i < 90; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[10,90\), increment 1$"
useSlice(a[i-11:])
useSlice(a[i-10:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i-5:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i+5:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i+10:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i+11:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
useSlice(a[i+12:])
}
return a
}
func k3(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := -10; i < 90; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-10,90\), increment 1$"
a[i+9] = i
a[i+10] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+11] = i
}
return a
}
func k3neg(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 89; i > -11; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(-11,89\], increment 1$"
a[i+9] = i
a[i+10] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+11] = i
}
return a
}
func k3neg2(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 89; i >= -10; i-- { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-10,89\], increment 1$"
a[i+9] = i
a[i+10] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i+11] = i
}
return a
}
func k4(a [100]int) [100]int {
min := (-1) << 63
for i := min; i < min+50; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-9223372036854775808,-9223372036854775758\), increment 1$"
a[i-min] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return a
}
func k5(a [100]int) [100]int {
max := (1 << 63) - 1
for i := max - 50; i < max; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775757,9223372036854775807\), increment 1$"
a[i-max+50] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
a[i-(max-70)] = i // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsInBounds$"
}
return a
}
func d1(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,100\), increment 1$"
for j := 0; j < i; j++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
a[j] = 0 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
a[j+1] = 0 // FIXME: this boundcheck should be eliminated
a[j+2] = 0
}
}
return a
}
func d2(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,100\), increment 1$"
for j := 0; i > j; j++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
a[j] = 0 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
a[j+1] = 0 // FIXME: this boundcheck should be eliminated
a[j+2] = 0
}
}
return a
}
func d3(a [100]int) [100]int {
for i := 0; i <= 99; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,99\], increment 1$"
for j := 0; j <= i-1; j++ {
a[j] = 0
a[j+1] = 0 // ERROR "Proved IsInBounds$"
a[j+2] = 0
}
}
return a
}
func d4() {
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 9); i < math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775798,9223372036854775805\), increment 4$"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 8); i < math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775799,9223372036854775805\), increment 4$"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 7); i < math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 {
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 6); i < math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775801,9223372036854775805\), increment 4$"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 9); i <= math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775798,9223372036854775805\], increment 4$"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 8); i <= math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[9223372036854775799,9223372036854775805\], increment 4$"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 7); i <= math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 {
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MaxInt64 - 6); i <= math.MaxInt64-2; i += 4 {
useString("foo")
}
}
func d5() {
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 9); i > math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(-9223372036854775806,-9223372036854775799\], increment 4"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 8); i > math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(-9223372036854775806,-9223372036854775800\], increment 4"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 7); i > math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 {
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 6); i > math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \(-9223372036854775806,-9223372036854775802\], increment 4"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 9); i >= math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-9223372036854775806,-9223372036854775799\], increment 4"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 8); i >= math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-9223372036854775806,-9223372036854775800\], increment 4"
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 7); i >= math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 {
useString("foo")
}
for i := int64(math.MinInt64 + 6); i >= math.MinInt64+2; i -= 4 {
useString("foo")
}
}
func bce1() {
// tests overflow of max-min
a := int64(9223372036854774057)
b := int64(-1547)
z := int64(1337)
if a%z == b%z {
panic("invalid test: modulos should differ")
}
for i := b; i < a; i += z { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-1547,9223372036854774057\), increment 1337"
useString("foobar")
}
}
func nobce2(a string) {
for i := int64(0); i < int64(len(a)); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
for i := int64(0); i < int64(len(a))-31337; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
for i := int64(0); i < int64(len(a))+int64(-1<<63); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
j := int64(len(a)) - 123
for i := int64(0); i < j+123+int64(-1<<63); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
useString(a[i:]) // ERROR "(\([0-9]+\) )?Proved IsSliceInBounds$"
}
for i := int64(0); i < j+122+int64(-1<<63); i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[0,\?\), increment 1$"
// len(a)-123+122+MinInt overflows when len(a) == 0, so a bound check is needed here
useString(a[i:])
}
}
func nobce3(a [100]int64) [100]int64 {
min := int64((-1) << 63)
max := int64((1 << 63) - 1)
for i := min; i < max; i++ { // ERROR "Induction variable: limits \[-9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807\), increment 1$"
a[i] = i
}
return a
}
func issue26116a(a []int) {
// There is no induction variable here. The comparison is in the wrong direction.
for i := 3; i > 6; i++ {
a[i] = 0
}
for i := 7; i < 3; i-- {
a[i] = 1
}
}
//go:noinline
func useString(a string) {
}
//go:noinline
func useSlice(a []int) {
}
func main() {
}
|