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MariaDB and MySQL have identical install methods. In this document we
describe how to install MariaDB.
The full documentation for installing MariaDB can be found at
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/binary-packages/
However most documentation at www.mysql.com also applies.
2.2. Installing MariaDB from Generic Binaries on Unix/Linux
This section covers the installation of MariaDB binary distributions
that are provided for various platforms in the form of compressed
tar files (files with a .tar.gz extension).
MariaDB tar file binary distributions have names of the form
mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz, where VERSION is a number (for example,
5.1.39), and OS indicates the type of operating system for which
the distribution is intended (for example, pc-linux-i686).
You need the following tools to install a MariaDB tar file binary
distribution:
* GNU gunzip to uncompress the distribution.
* A reasonable tar to unpack the distribution. GNU tar is known
to work. Some operating systems come with a preinstalled
version of tar that is known to have problems. For example,
the tar provided with early versions of Mac OS X, SunOS 4.x,
Solaris 8, Solaris 9, Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris, and HP-UX
are known to have problems with long file names. On Mac OS X,
you can use the preinstalled gnutar program. On Solaris 10 and
OpenSolaris you can use the preinstalled gtar. On other
systems with a deficient tar, you should install GNU tar
first.
If you run into problems and need to file a bug report,
please report them to: https://mariadb.org/jira
See the instructions at
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-community-bug-reporting
The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a
MariaDB binary distribution are:
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> gunzip < /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mariadb-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
Note
This procedure does not set up any passwords for MariaDB accounts.
After following the procedure, proceed to Section 2.13,
"Post-Installation Setup and Testing."
A more detailed version of the preceding description for
installing a binary distribution follows:
1. Add a login user and group for mysqld to run as:
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
These commands add the mysql group and the mysql user. The
syntax for useradd and groupadd may differ slightly on
different versions of Unix, or they may have different names
such as adduser and addgroup.
You might want to call the user and group something else
instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in
the following steps.
2. Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the
distribution and change location into it. In the following
example, we unpack the distribution under /usr/local. (The
instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to
create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory
is protected, you must perform the installation as root.)
shell> cd /usr/local
3. Obtain a distribution file using the instructions at
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/where-to-download-mariadb/
The description below describes how to install a MariaDB tar file.
4. Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation
directory. Then create a symbolic link to that directory:
shell> gunzip < /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mariadb-VERSION-OS mysql
The tar command creates a directory named mariadb-VERSION-OS.
The ln command makes a symbolic link to that directory. This
lets you refer more easily to the installation directory as
/usr/local/mysql.
With GNU tar, no separate invocation of gunzip is necessary.
You can replace the first line with the following alternative
command to uncompress and extract the distribution:
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
5. Change location into the installation directory:
shell> cd mysql
You will find several files and subdirectories in the mysql
directory. The most important for installation purposes are
the bin and scripts subdirectories:
+ The bin directory contains client programs and the
server. You should add the full path name of this
directory to your PATH environment variable so that your
shell finds the MariaDB programs properly. See Section
2.14, "Environment Variables."
+ The scripts directory contains the mysql_install_db
script used to initialize the mysql database containing
the grant tables that store the server access
permissions.
6. Ensure that the distribution contents are accessible to mysql.
If you unpacked the distribution as mysql, no further action
is required. If you unpacked the distribution as root, its
contents will be owned by root. Change its ownership to mysql
by executing the following commands as root in the
installation directory:
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
The first command changes the owner attribute of the files to
the mysql user. The second changes the group attribute to the
mysql group.
7. If you have not installed MariaDB before, you must create the
MariaDB data directory and initialize the grant tables:
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
If you run the command as root, include the --user option as
shown. If you run the command while logged in as that user,
you can omit the --user option.
The command should create the data directory and its contents
with mysql as the owner.
After creating or updating the grant tables, you need to
restart the server manually.
8. Most of the MariaDB installation can be owned by root if you
like. The exception is that the data directory must be owned
by mysql. To accomplish this, run the following commands as
root in the installation directory:
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
9. If you want MariaDB to start automatically when you boot your
machine, you can copy support-files/mysql.server to the
location where your system has its startup files. More
information can be found in the support-files/mysql.server
script itself and at
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/starting-and-stopping-mariadb-automatically.
10. You can set up new accounts using the bin/mysql_setpermission
script if you install the DBI and DBD::MariaDB Perl modules. See
Section 4.6.14, "mysql_setpermission --- Interactively Set
Permissions in Grant Tables." For Perl module installation
instructions, see Section 2.15, "Perl Installation Notes."
11. If you would like to use mysqlaccess and have the MariaDB
distribution in some nonstandard location, you must change the
location where mysqlaccess expects to find the mysql client.
Edit the bin/mysqlaccess script at approximately line 18.
Search for a line that looks like this:
$MYSQL = '/usr/local/bin/mysql'; # path to mysql executable
Change the path to reflect the location where mysql actually
is stored on your system. If you do not do this, a Broken pipe
error will occur when you run mysqlaccess.
After everything has been unpacked and installed, you should test
your distribution. To start the MariaDB server, use the following
command:
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
If you run the command as root, you must use the --user option as
shown. The value of the option is the name of the login account
that you created in the first step to use for running the server.
If you run the command while logged in as mysql, you can omit the
--user option.
If the command fails immediately and prints mysqld ended, you can
find some information in the host_name.err file in the data
directory.
More information about mysqld_safe can be found at
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mysqld_safe
Note
The accounts that are listed in the MariaDB grant tables initially
have no passwords. After starting the server, you should set up
passwords for them using the instructions in Section 2.13,
"Post-Installation Setup and Testing."
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