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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/cube.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/cube.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb1fefe --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/cube.html @@ -0,0 +1,397 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>F.9. cube</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="citext.html" title="F.8. citext" /><link rel="next" href="dblink.html" title="F.10. dblink" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">F.9. cube</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="citext.html" title="F.8. citext">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 13.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dblink.html" title="F.10. dblink">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="sect1" id="CUBE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">F.9. cube</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.5">F.9.1. Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.6">F.9.2. Precision</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.7">F.9.3. Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.8">F.9.4. Defaults</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.9">F.9.5. Notes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="cube.html#id-1.11.7.18.10">F.9.6. Credits</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.11.7.18.2" class="indexterm"></a><p> + This module implements a data type <code class="type">cube</code> for + representing multidimensional cubes. + </p><p> + This module is considered <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">trusted</span>”</span>, that is, it can be + installed by non-superusers who have <code class="literal">CREATE</code> privilege + on the current database. + </p><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.5"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.1. Syntax</h3></div></div></div><p> + <a class="xref" href="cube.html#CUBE-REPR-TABLE" title="Table F.2. Cube External Representations">Table F.2</a> shows the valid external + representations for the <code class="type">cube</code> + type. <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em>, etc. denote + floating-point numbers. + </p><div class="table" id="CUBE-REPR-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table F.2. Cube External Representations</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Cube External Representations" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>External Syntax</th><th>Meaning</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em></code></td><td>A one-dimensional point + (or, zero-length one-dimensional interval) + </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">(<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>)</code></td><td>Same as above</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>x1</code></em>,<em class="replaceable"><code>x2</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>xn</code></em></code></td><td>A point in n-dimensional space, represented internally as a + zero-volume cube + </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">(<em class="replaceable"><code>x1</code></em>,<em class="replaceable"><code>x2</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>xn</code></em>)</code></td><td>Same as above</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">(<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>),(<em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em>)</code></td><td>A one-dimensional interval starting at <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> and ending at <em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em> or vice versa; the + order does not matter + </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">[(<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>),(<em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em>)]</code></td><td>Same as above</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">(<em class="replaceable"><code>x1</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>xn</code></em>),(<em class="replaceable"><code>y1</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>yn</code></em>)</code></td><td>An n-dimensional cube represented by a pair of its diagonally + opposite corners + </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">[(<em class="replaceable"><code>x1</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>xn</code></em>),(<em class="replaceable"><code>y1</code></em>,...,<em class="replaceable"><code>yn</code></em>)]</code></td><td>Same as above</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> + It does not matter which order the opposite corners of a cube are + entered in. The <code class="type">cube</code> functions + automatically swap values if needed to create a uniform + <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">lower left — upper right</span>”</span> internal representation. + When the corners coincide, <code class="type">cube</code> stores only one corner + along with an <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">is point</span>”</span> flag to avoid wasting space. + </p><p> + White space is ignored on input, so + <code class="literal">[(<em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>),(<em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em>)]</code> is the same as + <code class="literal">[ ( <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> ), ( <em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em> ) ]</code>. + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.6"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.2. Precision</h3></div></div></div><p> + Values are stored internally as 64-bit floating point numbers. This means + that numbers with more than about 16 significant digits will be truncated. + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.7"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.3. Usage</h3></div></div></div><p> + <a class="xref" href="cube.html#CUBE-OPERATORS-TABLE" title="Table F.3. Cube Operators">Table F.3</a> shows the specialized operators + provided for type <code class="type">cube</code>. + </p><div class="table" id="CUBE-OPERATORS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table F.3. Cube Operators</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Cube Operators" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Operator + </p> + <p> + Description + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal">&&</code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code> + </p> + <p> + Do the cubes overlap? + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal">@></code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code> + </p> + <p> + Does the first cube contain the second? + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal"><@</code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code> + </p> + <p> + Is the first cube contained in the second? + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal">-></code> <code class="type">integer</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Extracts the <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>-th coordinate of the cube + (counting from 1). + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal">~></code> <code class="type">integer</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Extracts the <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>-th coordinate of the cube, + counting in the following way: <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> = 2 + * <em class="parameter"><code>k</code></em> - 1 means lower bound + of <em class="parameter"><code>k</code></em>-th dimension, <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> = 2 + * <em class="parameter"><code>k</code></em> means upper bound of + <em class="parameter"><code>k</code></em>-th dimension. Negative + <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> denotes the inverse value of the corresponding + positive coordinate. This operator is designed for KNN-GiST support. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal"><-></code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Computes the Euclidean distance between the two cubes. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal"><#></code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Computes the taxicab (L-1 metric) distance between the two cubes. + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="type">cube</code> <code class="literal"><=></code> <code class="type">cube</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Computes the Chebyshev (L-inf metric) distance between the two cubes. + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p> + (Before PostgreSQL 8.2, the containment operators <code class="literal">@></code> and <code class="literal"><@</code> were + respectively called <code class="literal">@</code> and <code class="literal">~</code>. These names are still available, but are + deprecated and will eventually be retired. Notice that the old names + are reversed from the convention formerly followed by the core geometric + data types!) + </p><p> + In addition to the above operators, the usual comparison + operators shown in <a class="xref" href="functions-comparison.html#FUNCTIONS-COMPARISON-OP-TABLE" title="Table 9.1. Comparison Operators">Table 9.1</a> are + available for type <code class="type">cube</code>. These + operators first compare the first coordinates, and if those are equal, + compare the second coordinates, etc. They exist mainly to support the + b-tree index operator class for <code class="type">cube</code>, which can be useful for + example if you would like a UNIQUE constraint on a <code class="type">cube</code> column. + Otherwise, this ordering is not of much practical use. + </p><p> + The <code class="filename">cube</code> module also provides a GiST index operator class for + <code class="type">cube</code> values. + A <code class="type">cube</code> GiST index can be used to search for values using the + <code class="literal">=</code>, <code class="literal">&&</code>, <code class="literal">@></code>, and + <code class="literal"><@</code> operators in <code class="literal">WHERE</code> clauses. + </p><p> + In addition, a <code class="type">cube</code> GiST index can be used to find nearest + neighbors using the metric operators + <code class="literal"><-></code>, <code class="literal"><#></code>, and + <code class="literal"><=></code> in <code class="literal">ORDER BY</code> clauses. + For example, the nearest neighbor of the 3-D point (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) + could be found efficiently with: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +SELECT c FROM test ORDER BY c <-> cube(array[0.5,0.5,0.5]) LIMIT 1; +</pre><p> + </p><p> + The <code class="literal">~></code> operator can also be used in this way to + efficiently retrieve the first few values sorted by a selected coordinate. + For example, to get the first few cubes ordered by the first coordinate + (lower left corner) ascending one could use the following query: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +SELECT c FROM test ORDER BY c ~> 1 LIMIT 5; +</pre><p> + And to get 2-D cubes ordered by the first coordinate of the upper right + corner descending: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +SELECT c FROM test ORDER BY c ~> 3 DESC LIMIT 5; +</pre><p> + </p><p> + <a class="xref" href="cube.html#CUBE-FUNCTIONS-TABLE" title="Table F.4. Cube Functions">Table F.4</a> shows the available functions. + </p><div class="table" id="CUBE-FUNCTIONS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table F.4. Cube Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Cube Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + Function + </p> + <p> + Description + </p> + <p> + Example(s) + </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a one dimensional cube with both coordinates the same. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube(1)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">float8</code>, <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a one dimensional cube. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube(1,2)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1),(2)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">float8[]</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a zero-volume cube using the coordinates defined by the array. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube(ARRAY[1,2,3])</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1, 2, 3)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">float8[]</code>, <code class="type">float8[]</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a cube with upper right and lower left coordinates as defined by + the two arrays, which must be of the same length. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4])</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1, 2),(3, 4)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a new cube by adding a dimension on to an existing cube, + with the same values for both endpoints of the new coordinate. This + is useful for building cubes piece by piece from calculated values. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube('(1,2),(3,4)'::cube, 5)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1, 2, 5),(3, 4, 5)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">float8</code>, <code class="type">float8</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a new cube by adding a dimension on to an existing cube. This is + useful for building cubes piece by piece from calculated values. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube('(1,2),(3,4)'::cube, 5, 6)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1, 2, 5),(3, 4, 6)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_dim</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">integer</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the number of dimensions of the cube. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_dim('(1,2),(3,4)')</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">2</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_ll_coord</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">integer</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>-th coordinate value for the lower + left corner of the cube. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_ll_coord('(1,2),(3,4)', 2)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">2</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_ur_coord</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">integer</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em>-th coordinate value for the + upper right corner of the cube. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_ur_coord('(1,2),(3,4)', 2)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">4</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_is_point</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">boolean</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns true if the cube is a point, that is, + the two defining corners are the same. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_is_point(cube(1,1))</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">t</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_distance</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">cube</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">float8</code> + </p> + <p> + Returns the distance between two cubes. If both + cubes are points, this is the normal distance function. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_distance('(1,2)', '(3,4)')</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">2.8284271247461903</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_subset</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">integer[]</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Makes a new cube from an existing cube, using a list of + dimension indexes from an array. Can be used to extract the endpoints + of a single dimension, or to drop dimensions, or to reorder them as + desired. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_subset(cube('(1,3,5),(6,7,8)'), ARRAY[2])</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(3),(7)</code> + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_subset(cube('(1,3,5),(6,7,8)'), ARRAY[3,2,1,1])</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(5, 3, 1, 1),(8, 7, 6, 6)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_union</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">cube</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Produces the union of two cubes. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_union('(1,2)', '(3,4)')</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(1, 2),(3, 4)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_inter</code> ( <code class="type">cube</code>, <code class="type">cube</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Produces the intersection of two cubes. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_inter('(1,2)', '(3,4)')</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(3, 4),(1, 2)</code> + </p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature"> + <code class="function">cube_enlarge</code> ( <em class="parameter"><code>c</code></em> <code class="type">cube</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em> <code class="type">double</code>, <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> <code class="type">integer</code> ) + → <code class="returnvalue">cube</code> + </p> + <p> + Increases the size of the cube by the specified + radius <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em> in at least <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> + dimensions. If the radius is negative the cube is shrunk instead. + All defined dimensions are changed by the + radius <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em>. Lower-left coordinates are decreased + by <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em> and upper-right coordinates are increased + by <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em>. If a lower-left coordinate is increased + to more than the corresponding upper-right coordinate (this can only + happen when <em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em> < 0) than both coordinates are + set to their average. If <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> is greater than the + number of defined dimensions and the cube is being enlarged + (<em class="parameter"><code>r</code></em> > 0), then extra dimensions are added to + make <em class="parameter"><code>n</code></em> altogether; 0 is used as the initial + value for the extra coordinates. This function is useful for creating + bounding boxes around a point for searching for nearby points. + </p> + <p> + <code class="literal">cube_enlarge('(1,2),(3,4)', 0.5, 3)</code> + → <code class="returnvalue">(0.5, 1.5, -0.5),(3.5, 4.5, 0.5)</code> + </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.8"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.4. Defaults</h3></div></div></div><p> + I believe this union: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +select cube_union('(0,5,2),(2,3,1)', '0'); +cube_union +------------------- +(0, 0, 0),(2, 5, 2) +(1 row) +</pre><p> + does not contradict common sense, neither does the intersection + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +select cube_inter('(0,-1),(1,1)', '(-2),(2)'); +cube_inter +------------- +(0, 0),(1, 0) +(1 row) +</pre><p> + In all binary operations on differently-dimensioned cubes, I assume the + lower-dimensional one to be a Cartesian projection, i. e., having zeroes + in place of coordinates omitted in the string representation. The above + examples are equivalent to: + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +cube_union('(0,5,2),(2,3,1)','(0,0,0),(0,0,0)'); +cube_inter('(0,-1),(1,1)','(-2,0),(2,0)'); +</pre><p> + The following containment predicate uses the point syntax, + while in fact the second argument is internally represented by a box. + This syntax makes it unnecessary to define a separate point type + and functions for (box,point) predicates. + </p><pre class="programlisting"> +select cube_contains('(0,0),(1,1)', '0.5,0.5'); +cube_contains +-------------- +t +(1 row) +</pre></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.9"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.5. Notes</h3></div></div></div><p> + For examples of usage, see the regression test <code class="filename">sql/cube.sql</code>. + </p><p> + To make it harder for people to break things, there + is a limit of 100 on the number of dimensions of cubes. This is set + in <code class="filename">cubedata.h</code> if you need something bigger. + </p></div><div class="sect2" id="id-1.11.7.18.10"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">F.9.6. Credits</h3></div></div></div><p> + Original author: Gene Selkov, Jr. <code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:selkovjr@mcs.anl.gov">selkovjr@mcs.anl.gov</a>></code>, + Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory. + </p><p> + My thanks are primarily to Prof. Joe Hellerstein + (<a class="ulink" href="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/jmh/" target="_top">https://dsf.berkeley.edu/jmh/</a>) for elucidating the + gist of the GiST (<a class="ulink" href="http://gist.cs.berkeley.edu/" target="_top">http://gist.cs.berkeley.edu/</a>), and + to his former student Andy Dong for his example written for Illustra. + I am also grateful to all Postgres developers, present and past, for + enabling myself to create my own world and live undisturbed in it. And I + would like to acknowledge my gratitude to Argonne Lab and to the + U.S. Department of Energy for the years of faithful support of my database + research. + </p><p> + Minor updates to this package were made by Bruno Wolff III + <code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:bruno@wolff.to">bruno@wolff.to</a>></code> in August/September of 2002. These include + changing the precision from single precision to double precision and adding + some new functions. + </p><p> + Additional updates were made by Joshua Reich <code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:josh@root.net">josh@root.net</a>></code> in + July 2006. These include <code class="literal">cube(float8[], float8[])</code> and + cleaning up the code to use the V1 call protocol instead of the deprecated + V0 protocol. + </p></div></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="citext.html" title="F.8. citext">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="contrib.html" title="Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dblink.html" title="F.10. dblink">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">F.8. citext </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 13.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> F.10. dblink</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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