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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ecpg</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /><link rel="prev" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">ecpg</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 13.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-ECPG"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">ecpg</span></span></h2><p><span class="application">ecpg</span> — embedded SQL C preprocessor</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.8.4.1"><code class="command">ecpg</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] <em class="replaceable"><code>file</code></em>... </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-ECPG-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="command">ecpg</code> is the embedded SQL preprocessor for C
programs. It converts C programs with embedded SQL statements to
normal C code by replacing the SQL invocations with special
function calls. The output files can then be processed with any C
compiler tool chain.
</p><p>
<code class="command">ecpg</code> will convert each input file given on the
command line to the corresponding C output file. If an input file
name does not have any extension, <code class="filename">.pgc</code> is
assumed. The file's extension will be replaced
by <code class="filename">.c</code> to construct the output file name.
But the output file name can be overridden using the
<code class="option">-o</code> option.
</p><p>
If an input file name is just <code class="literal">-</code>,
<code class="command">ecpg</code> reads the program from standard input
(and writes to standard output, unless that is overridden
with <code class="option">-o</code>).
</p><p>
This reference page does not describe the embedded SQL language.
See <a class="xref" href="ecpg.html" title="Chapter 35. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C">Chapter 35</a> for more information on that topic.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.8.6"><h2>Options</h2><p>
<code class="command">ecpg</code> accepts the following command-line
arguments:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-c</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Automatically generate certain C code from SQL code. Currently, this
works for <code class="literal">EXEC SQL TYPE</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-C <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Set a compatibility mode. <em class="replaceable"><code>mode</code></em> can
be <code class="literal">INFORMIX</code>,
<code class="literal">INFORMIX_SE</code>, or <code class="literal">ORACLE</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-D <em class="replaceable"><code>symbol</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Define a C preprocessor symbol.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-h</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Process header files. When this option is specified, the output file
extension becomes <code class="literal">.h</code> not <code class="literal">.c</code>,
and the default input file extension is <code class="literal">.pgh</code>
not <code class="literal">.pgc</code>. Also, the <code class="option">-c</code> option is
forced on.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-i</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Parse system include files as well.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specify an additional include path, used to find files included
via <code class="literal">EXEC SQL INCLUDE</code>. Defaults are
<code class="filename">.</code> (current directory),
<code class="filename">/usr/local/include</code>, the
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> include directory which
is defined at compile time (default:
<code class="filename">/usr/local/pgsql/include</code>), and
<code class="filename">/usr/include</code>, in that order.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies that <code class="command">ecpg</code> should write all
its output to the given <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>.
Write <code class="literal">-o -</code> to send all output to standard output.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Selects run-time behavior. <em class="replaceable"><code>Option</code></em> can be
one of the following:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">no_indicator</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not use indicators but instead use special values to represent
null values. Historically there have been databases using this approach.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">prepare</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Prepare all statements before using them. Libecpg will keep a cache of
prepared statements and reuse a statement if it gets executed again. If the
cache runs full, libecpg will free the least used statement.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">questionmarks</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Allow question mark as placeholder for compatibility reasons.
This used to be the default long ago.
</p></dd></dl></div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-t</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Turn on autocommit of transactions. In this mode, each SQL command is
automatically committed unless it is inside an explicit
transaction block. In the default mode, commands are committed
only when <code class="command">EXEC SQL COMMIT</code> is issued.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-v</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Print additional information including the version and the
"include" path.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Print the <span class="application">ecpg</span> version and exit.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Show help about <span class="application">ecpg</span> command line
arguments, and exit.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.8.7"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
When compiling the preprocessed C code files, the compiler needs to
be able to find the <span class="application">ECPG</span> header files in the
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> include directory. Therefore, you might
have to use the <code class="option">-I</code> option when invoking the compiler
(e.g., <code class="literal">-I/usr/local/pgsql/include</code>).
</p><p>
Programs using C code with embedded SQL have to be linked against
the <code class="filename">libecpg</code> library, for example using the
linker options <code class="literal">-L/usr/local/pgsql/lib -lecpg</code>.
</p><p>
The value of either of these directories that is appropriate for
the installation can be found out using <a class="xref" href="app-pgconfig.html" title="pg_config"><span class="refentrytitle">pg_config</span></a>.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.8.8"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
If you have an embedded SQL C source file named
<code class="filename">prog1.pgc</code>, you can create an executable
program using the following sequence of commands:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
ecpg prog1.pgc
cc -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -c prog1.c
cc -o prog1 prog1.o -L/usr/local/pgsql/lib -lecpg
</pre></div></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-dropuser.html" title="dropuser">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgbasebackup.html" title="pg_basebackup">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">dropuser</span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 13.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pg_basebackup</span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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