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|
-- ******************************
-- * Test suite for the Postgres NUMERIC data type
-- ******************************
-- Must drop tables created by short numeric test.
DROP TABLE num_data;
DROP TABLE num_exp_add;
DROP TABLE num_exp_sub;
DROP TABLE num_exp_div;
DROP TABLE num_exp_mul;
DROP TABLE num_exp_sqrt;
DROP TABLE num_exp_ln;
DROP TABLE num_exp_log10;
DROP TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln;
DROP TABLE num_result;
CREATE TABLE num_data (id int4, val numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_add (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_sub (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_div (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_mul (id1 int4, id2 int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_sqrt (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_log10 (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_exp_power_10_ln (id int4, expected numeric(1000,800));
CREATE TABLE num_result (id1 int4, id2 int4, result numeric(1000,800));
-- ******************************
-- * The following EXPECTED results are computed by bc(1)
-- * with a scale of 1000
-- ******************************
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,0,'0');
INSERT INTO num_exp_sub VALUES (0,0,'0');
INSERT INTO num_exp_mul VALUES (0,0,'0');
INSERT INTO num_exp_div VALUES (0,0,'NaN');
INSERT INTO num_exp_add VALUES (0,1,'85243.39540024977626076239847863600785982737155858270959890014613035727868293618673807776733416230953723818527101593495895350807775607346277892835514324320448949370623441059033804864158715021903312693889518990256881059434042443507529601095150710777634743301398926463888783847290873199395304998050753365215426971278237920063435565949203678024225270616295573678510929020831006146661747271783837653203039829647102027431761129518881525935216608429897041525858540380754759125150233053469999022855035');
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COMMIT TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_exp_sqrt VALUES (0,'0');
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COMMIT TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_exp_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
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COMMIT TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (0,'NaN');
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INSERT INTO num_exp_log10 VALUES (9,'7.739283354261751283625223433456284905560931805428759681411970457812279544250432389511382263439324085689734710188041049046660480575958686859942980599595036769090747781359217248301544587434077376812293034848418204834388504169166350770257248896025815531248627658465029806509131631454856186387892627989218208026727504548130018922325585619738185507999433763118148418722504204066578294826264005398891049629199412773138457218976050467479292777172717500219850781664314597312411301296201533610562886229900497272268364496763758868455934979903774531992886483396489868888731578355541611359130188566524240259770918423445785338175040098706500034487703124623745259139247432324145633151895802637182446905097253961951018926565652497920605819785424451050191604602898777804133717341512568151920576684198443843944721398831404081859');
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (0,'NaN');
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INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (2,'9553718264533556311125292459627965006385666643531070061102266984368939757379.536714147420215784125170401370065894858487440153494392538261078415409784085960333028254155527328359894197540839556987826344995348426293585457768226283066583722499658006242709930685932246087653832230889613022921575445199055131152661556678809191264086381976922223866204038615136758192929883317207903579770917317641181652055458721731297347443662717939116561947785705140374908203404860090658919334137955075887697259604047657534191202566335372150375993361370075961180728155127447781364264047857624746079509591666068708743260905728661917791822925979235918475633100283148558978385583805341715868143937062092264994833222352433299015979561976964779350640064096690062929265992966564232453102431600199173711947391200249130712039686700111791790265309426741120465259677894665532560198051256215915373145226284270408649736509');
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INSERT INTO num_exp_power_10_ln VALUES (9,'661239032819374816.097553651299556484820492272269662685578275493609248662925676004753503494252951243895572437264999063878330704584509915845096232798927524470286655554736724913758600775591269525423912692080421094644542553026831758426157681271572808657664918053119324646138457659418857926209701677786068580819823633713337632456905824562235373422309621872998037966404189020165296080436871220718574009921789858751384547836431858428729570977259373272041837411903005303672798845573379758630607982213326716018594073712340609488043353995410508475153538231445235003980586600882223782814368245305160648543466496726973755388826656879616734762068443462618454921858705377028522664844761719759342490380417060255776725333319537746890406213693117052223545525717132695297770810635066731941724108167146710297146989770382041617889670713111888375717');
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (0, '0');
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INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (7, '-818934540071845742');
INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (8, '8496986223.64063724353165506167988570717591150432282238795309964705925283285060558038824227595710139960766584401003765241409149793494330798800');
INSERT INTO num_data VALUES (9, '054863480.34685027005508022756223282084742813020271603840941647350440860843570182437301045468670059279379903480024743452620396345637401505220786389930600883087012615993343976556472498552535317826554614696684732913955544753638726438705858481670766245958647367500212800073774509075408148134050353551558174813940258910304990570172170811882520915334358633');
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
-- ******************************
-- * Create indices for faster checks
-- ******************************
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_add_idx ON num_exp_add (id1, id2);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sub_idx ON num_exp_sub (id1, id2);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_div_idx ON num_exp_div (id1, id2);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_mul_idx ON num_exp_mul (id1, id2);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_sqrt_idx ON num_exp_sqrt (id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_ln_idx ON num_exp_ln (id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_log10_idx ON num_exp_log10 (id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX num_exp_power_10_ln_idx ON num_exp_power_10_ln (id);
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_add;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sub;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_div;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_mul;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_sqrt;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_ln;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_log10;
VACUUM ANALYZE num_exp_power_10_ln;
-- ******************************
-- * Now check the behaviour of the NUMERIC type
-- ******************************
-- ******************************
-- * Addition check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val + t2.val
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val + t2.val, 10)
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 10) as expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_add t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 10);
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Subtraction check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val - t2.val
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val - t2.val, 40)
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 40)
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sub t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 40);
id1 | id2 | result | round
-----+-----+--------+-------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Multiply check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val * t2.val
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val * t2.val, 30)
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 30) as expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_mul t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 30);
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Division check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, t1.val / t2.val
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT t1.id, t2.id, round(t1.val / t2.val, 80)
FROM num_data t1, num_data t2
WHERE t2.val != '0.0';
SELECT t1.id1, t1.id2, t1.result, round(t2.expected, 80) as expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_div t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id1 AND t1.id2 = t2.id2
AND t1.result != round(t2.expected, 80);
id1 | id2 | result | expected
-----+-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Square root check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, SQRT(ABS(val))
FROM num_data;
SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_sqrt t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | result | expected
-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Natural logarithm check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LN(ABS(val))
FROM num_data
WHERE val != '0.0';
SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_ln t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | result | expected
-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * Logarithm base 10 check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, LOG('10'::numeric, ABS(val))
FROM num_data
WHERE val != '0.0';
SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_log10 t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | result | expected
-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
-- ******************************
-- * POW(10, LN(value)) check
-- ******************************
DELETE FROM num_result;
INSERT INTO num_result SELECT id, 0, POW(numeric '10', LN(ABS(round(val,1000))))
FROM num_data
WHERE val != '0.0';
SELECT t1.id1, t1.result, t2.expected
FROM num_result t1, num_exp_power_10_ln t2
WHERE t1.id1 = t2.id
AND t1.result != t2.expected;
id1 | result | expected
-----+--------+----------
(0 rows)
--
-- Test code path for raising to integer powers
--
-- base less than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
--
-- for p in {-20..20}
-- do
-- b="0.084738"
-- r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
-- echo "($b, $p, $r),"
-- done
WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(0.084738, -20, 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257),
(0.084738, -19, 232548755422013710215.4459407000481464),
(0.084738, -18, 19705716436950597776.2364581230406798),
(0.084738, -17, 1669822999434319754.3627249884302211),
(0.084738, -16, 141497461326065387.3451885900696001),
(0.084738, -15, 11990211877848128.7928565907453178),
(0.084738, -14, 1016026574105094.7376490817865767),
(0.084738, -13, 86096059836517.5178789078924309),
(0.084738, -12, 7295607918426.8214300228969888),
(0.084738, -11, 618215223791.6519943372802450),
(0.084738, -10, 52386321633.6570066961524534),
(0.084738, -9, 4439112122.5928274334185666),
(0.084738, -8, 376161483.0442710110530225),
(0.084738, -7, 31875171.7502054369346110),
(0.084738, -6, 2701038.3037689083149651),
(0.084738, -5, 228880.5837847697527935),
(0.084738, -4, 19394.8829087538193122),
(0.084738, -3, 1643.4835879219811409),
(0.084738, -2, 139.2655122733328379),
(0.084738, -1, 11.8010809790176780),
(0.084738, 0, 1),
(0.084738, 1, .084738),
(0.084738, 2, .007180528644),
(0.084738, 3, .0006084636362353),
(0.084738, 4, .0000515599916073),
(0.084738, 5, .0000043690905688),
(0.084738, 6, .0000003702279966),
(0.084738, 7, .0000000313723800),
(0.084738, 8, .0000000026584327),
(0.084738, 9, .0000000002252703),
(0.084738, 10, .0000000000190890),
(0.084738, 11, .0000000000016176),
(0.084738, 12, .0000000000001371),
(0.084738, 13, .0000000000000116),
(0.084738, 14, .0000000000000010),
(0.084738, 15, .0000000000000001),
(0.084738, 16, .0000000000000000),
(0.084738, 17, .0000000000000000),
(0.084738, 18, .0000000000000000),
(0.084738, 19, .0000000000000000),
(0.084738, 20, .0000000000000000))
SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
b | p | bc_result | power | diff
----------+-----+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------------
0.084738 | -20 | 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257 | 2744326694304960114888.7859130502035257 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -19 | 232548755422013710215.4459407000481464 | 232548755422013710215.4459407000481464 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -18 | 19705716436950597776.2364581230406798 | 19705716436950597776.2364581230406798 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -17 | 1669822999434319754.3627249884302211 | 1669822999434319754.3627249884302211 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -16 | 141497461326065387.3451885900696001 | 141497461326065387.3451885900696001 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -15 | 11990211877848128.7928565907453178 | 11990211877848128.7928565907453178 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -14 | 1016026574105094.7376490817865767 | 1016026574105094.7376490817865767 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -13 | 86096059836517.5178789078924309 | 86096059836517.5178789078924309 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -12 | 7295607918426.8214300228969888 | 7295607918426.8214300228969888 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -11 | 618215223791.6519943372802450 | 618215223791.6519943372802450 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -10 | 52386321633.6570066961524534 | 52386321633.6570066961524534 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -9 | 4439112122.5928274334185666 | 4439112122.5928274334185666 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -8 | 376161483.0442710110530225 | 376161483.0442710110530225 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -7 | 31875171.7502054369346110 | 31875171.7502054369346110 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -6 | 2701038.3037689083149651 | 2701038.3037689083149651 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -5 | 228880.5837847697527935 | 228880.5837847697527935 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -4 | 19394.8829087538193122 | 19394.8829087538193122 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -3 | 1643.4835879219811409 | 1643.4835879219811409 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -2 | 139.2655122733328379 | 139.2655122733328379 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | -1 | 11.8010809790176780 | 11.8010809790176780 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 0 | 1 | 1.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 1 | 0.084738 | 0.0847380000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 2 | 0.007180528644 | 0.0071805286440000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 3 | 0.0006084636362353 | 0.0006084636362353 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 4 | 0.0000515599916073 | 0.0000515599916073 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 5 | 0.0000043690905688 | 0.0000043690905688 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 6 | 0.0000003702279966 | 0.0000003702279966 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 7 | 0.0000000313723800 | 0.0000000313723800 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 8 | 0.0000000026584327 | 0.0000000026584327 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 9 | 0.0000000002252703 | 0.0000000002252703 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 10 | 0.0000000000190890 | 0.0000000000190890 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 11 | 0.0000000000016176 | 0.0000000000016176 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 12 | 0.0000000000001371 | 0.0000000000001371 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 13 | 0.0000000000000116 | 0.0000000000000116 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 14 | 0.0000000000000010 | 0.0000000000000010 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 15 | 0.0000000000000001 | 0.0000000000000001 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 16 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 17 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 18 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 19 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
0.084738 | 20 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
(41 rows)
-- base greater than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
--
-- for p in {-20..20}
-- do
-- b="37.821637"
-- r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; $b^$p" | head -n 1)
-- echo "($b, $p, $r),"
-- done
WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(37.821637, -20, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -19, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -18, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -17, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -16, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -15, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -14, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -13, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -12, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -11, .0000000000000000),
(37.821637, -10, .0000000000000002),
(37.821637, -9, .0000000000000063),
(37.821637, -8, .0000000000002388),
(37.821637, -7, .0000000000090327),
(37.821637, -6, .0000000003416316),
(37.821637, -5, .0000000129210673),
(37.821637, -4, .0000004886959182),
(37.821637, -3, .0000184832796213),
(37.821637, -2, .0006990678924066),
(37.821637, -1, .0264398920649574),
(37.821637, 0, 1),
(37.821637, 1, 37.821637),
(37.821637, 2, 1430.476225359769),
(37.821637, 3, 54102.9525326873775219),
(37.821637, 4, 2046262.2313195326271135),
(37.821637, 5, 77392987.3197773940323425),
(37.821637, 6, 2927129472.7542235178972258),
(37.821637, 7, 110708828370.5116321107718772),
(37.821637, 8, 4187189119324.7924539711577286),
(37.821637, 9, 158366346921451.9852944363360812),
(37.821637, 10, 5989674486279224.5007355092228730),
(37.821637, 11, 226539294168214309.7083246628376531),
(37.821637, 12, 8568086950266418559.9938312759931069),
(37.821637, 13, 324059074417413536066.1494087598581043),
(37.821637, 14, 12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927),
(37.821637, 15, 463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280),
(37.821637, 16, 17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684),
(37.821637, 17, 663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687),
(37.821637, 18, 25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850),
(37.821637, 19, 948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398),
(37.821637, 20, 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866))
SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
b | p | bc_result | power | diff
-----------+-----+---------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+--------------------
37.821637 | -20 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -19 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -18 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -17 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -16 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -15 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -14 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -13 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -12 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -11 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -10 | 0.0000000000000002 | 0.0000000000000002 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -9 | 0.0000000000000063 | 0.0000000000000063 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -8 | 0.0000000000002388 | 0.0000000000002388 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -7 | 0.0000000000090327 | 0.0000000000090327 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -6 | 0.0000000003416316 | 0.0000000003416316 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -5 | 0.0000000129210673 | 0.0000000129210673 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -4 | 0.0000004886959182 | 0.0000004886959182 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -3 | 0.0000184832796213 | 0.0000184832796213 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -2 | 0.0006990678924066 | 0.0006990678924066 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | -1 | 0.0264398920649574 | 0.0264398920649574 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 0 | 1 | 1.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 1 | 37.821637 | 37.8216370000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 2 | 1430.476225359769 | 1430.4762253597690000 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 3 | 54102.9525326873775219 | 54102.9525326873775219 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 4 | 2046262.2313195326271135 | 2046262.2313195326271135 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 5 | 77392987.3197773940323425 | 77392987.3197773940323425 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 6 | 2927129472.7542235178972258 | 2927129472.7542235178972258 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 7 | 110708828370.5116321107718772 | 110708828370.5116321107718772 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 8 | 4187189119324.7924539711577286 | 4187189119324.7924539711577286 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 9 | 158366346921451.9852944363360812 | 158366346921451.9852944363360812 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 10 | 5989674486279224.5007355092228730 | 5989674486279224.5007355092228730 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 11 | 226539294168214309.7083246628376531 | 226539294168214309.7083246628376531 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 12 | 8568086950266418559.9938312759931069 | 8568086950266418559.9938312759931069 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 13 | 324059074417413536066.1494087598581043 | 324059074417413536066.1494087598581043 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 14 | 12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927 | 12256444679171401239980.3109258799733927 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 15 | 463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280 | 463558801566202198479885.2069857662592280 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 16 | 17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684 | 17532552720991931019508170.1002855156233684 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 17 | 663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687 | 663109844696719094948877928.0672523682648687 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 18 | 25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850 | 25079899837245684700124994552.6717306599041850 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 19 | 948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398 | 948562867640665366544581398598.1275771806665398 | 0.0000000000000000
37.821637 | 20 | 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866 | 35876200451584291931921101974730.6901038166532866 | 0.0000000000000000
(41 rows)
--
-- Tests for raising to non-integer powers
--
-- base less than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
--
-- for n in {-20..20}
-- do
-- b="0.06933247"
-- p="$n.342987"
-- r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
-- echo "($b, $p, $r),"
-- done
WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(0.06933247, -20.342987, 379149253615977128356318.39406340),
(0.06933247, -19.342987, 26287354251852125772450.59436685),
(0.06933247, -18.342987, 1822567200045909954554.65766042),
(0.06933247, -17.342987, 126363085720167050546.86216560),
(0.06933247, -16.342987, 8761064849800910427.02880469),
(0.06933247, -15.342987, 607426265866876128.15466179),
(0.06933247, -14.342987, 42114363355427213.14899924),
(0.06933247, -13.342987, 2919892833909256.59283660),
(0.06933247, -12.342987, 202443382310228.51544515),
(0.06933247, -11.342987, 14035899730722.44924025),
(0.06933247, -10.342987, 973143597003.32229028),
(0.06933247, -9.342987, 67470449244.92493259),
(0.06933247, -8.342987, 4677892898.16028054),
(0.06933247, -7.342987, 324329869.02491071),
(0.06933247, -6.342987, 22486590.914273551),
(0.06933247, -5.342987, 1559050.8899661435),
(0.06933247, -4.342987, 108092.84905705095),
(0.06933247, -3.342987, 7494.3442144625131),
(0.06933247, -2.342987, 519.60139541889576),
(0.06933247, -1.342987, 36.025248159838727),
(0.06933247, 0.342987, .40036522320023350),
(0.06933247, 1.342987, .02775830982657349),
(0.06933247, 2.342987, .001924552183301612),
(0.06933247, 3.342987, .0001334339565121935),
(0.06933247, 4.342987, .000009251305786862961),
(0.06933247, 5.342987, .0000006414158809285026),
(0.06933247, 6.342987, .00000004447094732199898),
(0.06933247, 7.342987, .000000003083280621074075),
(0.06933247, 8.342987, .0000000002137714611621997),
(0.06933247, 9.342987, .00000000001482130341788437),
(0.06933247, 10.342987, .000000000001027597574581366),
(0.06933247, 11.342987, .00000000000007124587801173530),
(0.06933247, 12.342987, .000000000000004939652699872298),
(0.06933247, 13.342987, .0000000000000003424783226243151),
(0.06933247, 14.342987, .00000000000000002374486802900065),
(0.06933247, 15.342987, .000000000000000001646290350274646),
(0.06933247, 16.342987, .0000000000000000001141413763217064),
(0.06933247, 17.342987, .000000000000000000007913703549583420),
(0.06933247, 18.342987, .0000000000000000000005486766139403860),
(0.06933247, 19.342987, .00000000000000000000003804110487572339),
(0.06933247, 20.342987, .000000000000000000000002637483762562946))
SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
b | p | bc_result | power | diff
------------+------------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------
0.06933247 | -20.342987 | 379149253615977128356318.39406340 | 379149253615977128356318.39406340 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -19.342987 | 26287354251852125772450.59436685 | 26287354251852125772450.59436685 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -18.342987 | 1822567200045909954554.65766042 | 1822567200045909954554.65766042 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -17.342987 | 126363085720167050546.86216560 | 126363085720167050546.86216560 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -16.342987 | 8761064849800910427.02880469 | 8761064849800910427.02880469 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -15.342987 | 607426265866876128.15466179 | 607426265866876128.15466179 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -14.342987 | 42114363355427213.14899924 | 42114363355427213.14899924 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -13.342987 | 2919892833909256.59283660 | 2919892833909256.59283660 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -12.342987 | 202443382310228.51544515 | 202443382310228.51544515 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -11.342987 | 14035899730722.44924025 | 14035899730722.44924025 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -10.342987 | 973143597003.32229028 | 973143597003.32229028 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -9.342987 | 67470449244.92493259 | 67470449244.92493259 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -8.342987 | 4677892898.16028054 | 4677892898.16028054 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -7.342987 | 324329869.02491071 | 324329869.02491071 | 0.00000000
0.06933247 | -6.342987 | 22486590.914273551 | 22486590.914273551 | 0.000000000
0.06933247 | -5.342987 | 1559050.8899661435 | 1559050.8899661435 | 0.0000000000
0.06933247 | -4.342987 | 108092.84905705095 | 108092.84905705095 | 0.00000000000
0.06933247 | -3.342987 | 7494.3442144625131 | 7494.3442144625131 | 0.0000000000000
0.06933247 | -2.342987 | 519.60139541889576 | 519.60139541889576 | 0.00000000000000
0.06933247 | -1.342987 | 36.025248159838727 | 36.025248159838727 | 0.000000000000000
0.06933247 | 0.342987 | 0.40036522320023350 | 0.4003652232002335 | 0.00000000000000000
0.06933247 | 1.342987 | 0.02775830982657349 | 0.02775830982657349 | 0.00000000000000000
0.06933247 | 2.342987 | 0.001924552183301612 | 0.001924552183301612 | 0.000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 3.342987 | 0.0001334339565121935 | 0.0001334339565121935 | 0.0000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 4.342987 | 0.000009251305786862961 | 0.000009251305786862961 | 0.000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 5.342987 | 0.0000006414158809285026 | 0.0000006414158809285026 | 0.0000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 6.342987 | 0.00000004447094732199898 | 0.00000004447094732199898 | 0.00000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 7.342987 | 0.000000003083280621074075 | 0.000000003083280621074075 | 0.000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 8.342987 | 0.0000000002137714611621997 | 0.0000000002137714611621997 | 0.0000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 9.342987 | 0.00000000001482130341788437 | 0.00000000001482130341788437 | 0.00000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 10.342987 | 0.000000000001027597574581366 | 0.000000000001027597574581366 | 0.000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 11.342987 | 0.00000000000007124587801173530 | 0.00000000000007124587801173530 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 12.342987 | 0.000000000000004939652699872298 | 0.000000000000004939652699872298 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 13.342987 | 0.0000000000000003424783226243151 | 0.0000000000000003424783226243151 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 14.342987 | 0.00000000000000002374486802900065 | 0.00000000000000002374486802900065 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 15.342987 | 0.000000000000000001646290350274646 | 0.000000000000000001646290350274646 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 16.342987 | 0.0000000000000000001141413763217064 | 0.0000000000000000001141413763217064 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 17.342987 | 0.000000000000000000007913703549583420 | 0.000000000000000000007913703549583420 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 18.342987 | 0.0000000000000000000005486766139403860 | 0.0000000000000000000005486766139403860 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 19.342987 | 0.00000000000000000000003804110487572339 | 0.00000000000000000000003804110487572339 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
0.06933247 | 20.342987 | 0.000000000000000000000002637483762562946 | 0.000000000000000000000002637483762562946 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(41 rows)
-- base greater than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of POW():
--
-- for n in {-20..20}
-- do
-- b="27.234987"
-- p="$n.230957"
-- r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($p*l($b))" | head -n 1)
-- echo "($b, $p, $r),"
-- done
WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(27.234987, -20.230957, .000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633),
(27.234987, -19.230957, .0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859),
(27.234987, -18.230957, .000000000000000000000000006858959399176602),
(27.234987, -17.230957, .0000000000000000000000001868036700701026),
(27.234987, -16.230957, .000000000000000000000005087595525911532),
(27.234987, -15.230957, .0000000000000000000001385605980094587),
(27.234987, -14.230957, .000000000000000000003773696085499835),
(27.234987, -13.230957, .0000000000000000001027765638305389),
(27.234987, -12.230957, .000000000000000002799118379829397),
(27.234987, -11.230957, .00000000000000007623395268611469),
(27.234987, -10.230957, .000000000000002076230710364949),
(27.234987, -9.230957, .00000000000005654611640579014),
(27.234987, -8.230957, .000000000001540032745212181),
(27.234987, -7.230957, .00000000004194277179542807),
(27.234987, -6.230957, .000000001142310844592450),
(27.234987, -5.230957, .00000003111082100243440),
(27.234987, -4.230957, .0000008473028055606278),
(27.234987, -3.230957, .00002307628089450723),
(27.234987, -2.230957, .0006284822101702527),
(27.234987, -1.230957, .01711670482371810),
(27.234987, 0.230957, 2.1451253063142300),
(27.234987, 1.230957, 58.422459830839071),
(27.234987, 2.230957, 1591.1349340009243),
(27.234987, 3.230957, 43334.539242761031),
(27.234987, 4.230957, 1180215.6129275865),
(27.234987, 5.230957, 32143156.875279851),
(27.234987, 6.230957, 875418459.63720737),
(27.234987, 7.230957, 23842010367.779367),
(27.234987, 8.230957, 649336842420.336290),
(27.234987, 9.230957, 17684680461938.907402),
(27.234987, 10.230957, 481642042480060.137900),
(27.234987, 11.230957, 13117514765597885.614921),
(27.234987, 12.230957, 357255344113366461.949871),
(27.234987, 13.230957, 9729844652608062117.440722),
(27.234987, 14.230957, 264992192625800087863.690528),
(27.234987, 15.230957, 7217058921265161257566.469315),
(27.234987, 16.230957, 196556505898890690402726.443417),
(27.234987, 17.230957, 5353213882921711267539279.451015),
(27.234987, 18.230957, 145794710509592328389185797.837767),
(27.234987, 19.230957, 3970717045397510438979206144.696206),
(27.234987, 20.230957, 108142427112079606637962972621.121293))
SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
b | p | bc_result | power | diff
-----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------
27.234987 | -20.230957 | 0.000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633 | 0.000000000000000000000000000009247064512095633 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -19.230957 | 0.0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859 | 0.0000000000000000000000000002518436817750859 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -18.230957 | 0.000000000000000000000000006858959399176602 | 0.000000000000000000000000006858959399176602 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -17.230957 | 0.0000000000000000000000001868036700701026 | 0.0000000000000000000000001868036700701026 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -16.230957 | 0.000000000000000000000005087595525911532 | 0.000000000000000000000005087595525911532 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -15.230957 | 0.0000000000000000000001385605980094587 | 0.0000000000000000000001385605980094587 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -14.230957 | 0.000000000000000000003773696085499835 | 0.000000000000000000003773696085499835 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -13.230957 | 0.0000000000000000001027765638305389 | 0.0000000000000000001027765638305389 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -12.230957 | 0.000000000000000002799118379829397 | 0.000000000000000002799118379829397 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -11.230957 | 0.00000000000000007623395268611469 | 0.00000000000000007623395268611469 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -10.230957 | 0.000000000000002076230710364949 | 0.000000000000002076230710364949 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -9.230957 | 0.00000000000005654611640579014 | 0.00000000000005654611640579014 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -8.230957 | 0.000000000001540032745212181 | 0.000000000001540032745212181 | 0.000000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -7.230957 | 0.00000000004194277179542807 | 0.00000000004194277179542807 | 0.00000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -6.230957 | 0.000000001142310844592450 | 0.000000001142310844592450 | 0.000000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -5.230957 | 0.00000003111082100243440 | 0.00000003111082100243440 | 0.00000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -4.230957 | 0.0000008473028055606278 | 0.0000008473028055606278 | 0.0000000000000000000000
27.234987 | -3.230957 | 0.00002307628089450723 | 0.00002307628089450723 | 0.00000000000000000000
27.234987 | -2.230957 | 0.0006284822101702527 | 0.0006284822101702527 | 0.0000000000000000000
27.234987 | -1.230957 | 0.01711670482371810 | 0.01711670482371810 | 0.00000000000000000
27.234987 | 0.230957 | 2.1451253063142300 | 2.1451253063142300 | 0.0000000000000000
27.234987 | 1.230957 | 58.422459830839071 | 58.422459830839071 | 0.000000000000000
27.234987 | 2.230957 | 1591.1349340009243 | 1591.1349340009243 | 0.0000000000000
27.234987 | 3.230957 | 43334.539242761031 | 43334.539242761031 | 0.000000000000
27.234987 | 4.230957 | 1180215.6129275865 | 1180215.6129275865 | 0.0000000000
27.234987 | 5.230957 | 32143156.875279851 | 32143156.875279851 | 0.000000000
27.234987 | 6.230957 | 875418459.63720737 | 875418459.63720737 | 0.00000000
27.234987 | 7.230957 | 23842010367.779367 | 23842010367.779367 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 8.230957 | 649336842420.336290 | 649336842420.336290 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 9.230957 | 17684680461938.907402 | 17684680461938.907402 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 10.230957 | 481642042480060.137900 | 481642042480060.137900 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 11.230957 | 13117514765597885.614921 | 13117514765597885.614921 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 12.230957 | 357255344113366461.949871 | 357255344113366461.949871 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 13.230957 | 9729844652608062117.440722 | 9729844652608062117.440722 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 14.230957 | 264992192625800087863.690528 | 264992192625800087863.690528 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 15.230957 | 7217058921265161257566.469315 | 7217058921265161257566.469315 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 16.230957 | 196556505898890690402726.443417 | 196556505898890690402726.443417 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 17.230957 | 5353213882921711267539279.451015 | 5353213882921711267539279.451015 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 18.230957 | 145794710509592328389185797.837767 | 145794710509592328389185797.837767 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 19.230957 | 3970717045397510438979206144.696206 | 3970717045397510438979206144.696206 | 0.000000
27.234987 | 20.230957 | 108142427112079606637962972621.121293 | 108142427112079606637962972621.121293 | 0.000000
(41 rows)
-- Inputs close to overflow
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2700 and truncated to 4 decimal
-- places.
WITH t(b, p, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(0.12, -2829.8369, 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432),
(1.2, 32908.8896, 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149))
SELECT b, p, bc_result, b^p AS power, b^p - bc_result AS diff FROM t;
b | p | bc_result | power | diff
------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------
0.12 | -2829.8369 | 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432 | 58463948950011752465280493160293790845494328939320966633018493248607815580903065923369555885857984675501574162389726507612128133630191173383130639968378879506624785786843501848666498440326970769604109017960864573408272864266102690849952650095786874354625921641729880352858506454246180842452983243549491658464046163869265572232996388827878976066830374513768599285647145439771472435206769249126377164951470622827631950210853282324510655982757098065657709137845327135766013147354253426364240746381620690117663724329288646510198895137275207992825719846135857839292915100523542874885080351683587865157015032404901182924720371819942957083390475846809517968191151435281268695782594904484795360890092607679215675240583291240729468370895035823777914792823688291214492607109455017754453939895630226174304357121900605689015734289765672740769194115142607443713769825894380064727556869268488695795705030158832909348803019429370973064732712469794182891757241046263341655894972953512257981661670321890336672832647028099324621932563236459127918144141230217523147304565594514812518826936144181257723061181656522095236928347413997136815409159361412494284201481609684892562646522086577634100783077813105675590737823924220663206479031113753135119759722725207724879578900186075841393115040465401462266086907464970054073340036852442184414587772177753008511913377364966775792477387717262694468450099866775550614257191941835797445874557362115814601886902749237439492398087966544817154173072811937702110580330775581851211123491341435883319798273456296794954514173820352334127081705706502510709179711510240917772628308487366740741280043704807717608366220401933596364641284631036907635403895053036499618723044314773148779735006542501244942039455169872946018271985844759209768927953340447524637670938413827595013338859796135512187473850161303598087634723542727044978083220970836296653305188470017342167913572166172051819741354902582606590658382067039498769674611071582171914886494269818475850690414812481252963932223686078322390396586222238852602472958831686564971334200490182175112490433364675164900946902818404704835106260174052265784055642968397240262737313737007322288203637798365320295080314524864099419556398713380156353062937736280885716820226469419928595465390700629307079710611273715705695938635644841913194091407807776191951797748706106000922803167645881087385311847268311361092838264814899353459146959869764278464187826798546290981492648723002412475976344071283321798061003719251864595518596639432393032991023409676558943539937377229130132816883146259468718344018277257037013406135980469482324577407154032999045733141275895.3432 | 0.0000
1.2 | 32908.8896 | 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149 | 58463467728170833376633133695001863276259293590926929026251227859007891876739460057725441400966420577009060860805883032969522911803372870882799865787473726926215148161529632590083389287080925059682489116446754279752928005457087175157581627230586554364417068189211136840990661174760199073702207450133797324318403866058202372178813998850887986769280847189341565507156189065295823921162851958925352114220880236114784962150135485415106748467247897246441194126125699204912883449386043559785865023459356275014504597646990160571664166410683323036984805434677654413174177920726210827006973855410386789516533036723888687725436216478665958434776205940192130053647653715221076841771578099896259902368829351569726536927952661429685419815305418450230567773264738536471211804481206474781470237730069753206249915908804615495060673071058534441654604668770343616386612119048579369195201590008082689834456232255266932976831478404670192731621439902738547169253818323045451045749609624500171633897705543164388470746657118050314064066768449450440405619135824055131398727045420324382226572368236570500391463795989258779677208133531636928003546809249007993065200108076924439703799231711400266122025052209803513232429907231051873161206025860851056337427740362763618748092029386371493898291580557004812947013231371383576580415676519066503391905962989205397824064923920045371823949776899815750413244195402085917098964452866825666226141169411712884994564949174271056284898570445214367063763956186792886147126466387576513166370247576466566827375268334148320298849218878848928271566491769458471357076035396330179659440244425914213309776100351793665960978678576150833311810944729586040624059867137538839913141142139636023129691775489034134511666020819676247950267220131499463010350308195762769192775344260909521732256844149916046793599150786757764962585268686580124987490115873389726527572428003433405659445349155536369077209682951123806333170190998931670309088422483075609203671527331975811507450670132060984691061148836994322505371265263690017938762760088575875666254883673433331627055180154954694693433502522592907190906966067656027637884202418119121728966267936832338377284832958974299187166554160783467156478554899314000348357280306042140481751668215838656488457943830180819301102535170705017482946779698265096226184239631924271857062033454725540956591929965181603262502135610768915716020374362368495244256420143645126927013882334008435586481691725030031204304273292938132599127402133470745819213047706793887965197191137237066440328777206799072470374264316425913530947082957300047105685634407092811630672103242089966046839626911122.7149 | 0.0000
(2 rows)
--
-- Tests for EXP()
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of EXP():
--
-- for n in {-20..20}
-- do
-- x="$n.29837"
-- r=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; e($x)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "($x, $r),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(-20.29837, .000000001529431101152222),
(-19.29837, .000000004157424770142192),
(-18.29837, .00000001130105220586304),
(-17.29837, .00000003071944485366452),
(-16.29837, .00000008350410872606600),
(-15.29837, .0000002269877013517336),
(-14.29837, .0000006170165438681061),
(-13.29837, .000001677224859055276),
(-12.29837, .000004559169856609741),
(-11.29837, .00001239310857408049),
(-10.29837, .00003368796183504298),
(-9.29837, .00009157337449401917),
(-8.29837, .0002489222398577673),
(-7.29837, .0006766408013046928),
(-6.29837, .001839300394580514),
(-5.29837, .004999736839665763),
(-4.29837, .01359069379834070),
(-3.29837, .03694333598818056),
(-2.29837, .1004223988993283),
(-1.29837, .2729763820983097),
(0.29837, 1.3476603299656679),
(1.29837, 3.6633205858807959),
(2.29837, 9.9579377804197108),
(3.29837, 27.068481317440698),
(4.29837, 73.579760889182206),
(5.29837, 200.01052696742555),
(6.29837, 543.68498095607070),
(7.29837, 1477.8890041389891),
(8.29837, 4017.3188244304487),
(9.29837, 10920.204759575742),
(10.29837, 29684.194161006717),
(11.29837, 80690.005580314652),
(12.29837, 219338.17590722828),
(13.29837, 596222.97785597218),
(14.29837, 1620702.0864156289),
(15.29837, 4405525.0308492653),
(16.29837, 11975458.636179032),
(17.29837, 32552671.598188404),
(18.29837, 88487335.673150406),
(19.29837, 240533516.60908059),
(20.29837, 653837887.33381570))
SELECT x, bc_result, exp(x), exp(x)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | exp | diff
-----------+----------------------------+----------------------------+----------------------------
-20.29837 | 0.000000001529431101152222 | 0.000000001529431101152222 | 0.000000000000000000000000
-19.29837 | 0.000000004157424770142192 | 0.000000004157424770142192 | 0.000000000000000000000000
-18.29837 | 0.00000001130105220586304 | 0.00000001130105220586304 | 0.00000000000000000000000
-17.29837 | 0.00000003071944485366452 | 0.00000003071944485366452 | 0.00000000000000000000000
-16.29837 | 0.00000008350410872606600 | 0.00000008350410872606600 | 0.00000000000000000000000
-15.29837 | 0.0000002269877013517336 | 0.0000002269877013517336 | 0.0000000000000000000000
-14.29837 | 0.0000006170165438681061 | 0.0000006170165438681061 | 0.0000000000000000000000
-13.29837 | 0.000001677224859055276 | 0.000001677224859055276 | 0.000000000000000000000
-12.29837 | 0.000004559169856609741 | 0.000004559169856609741 | 0.000000000000000000000
-11.29837 | 0.00001239310857408049 | 0.00001239310857408049 | 0.00000000000000000000
-10.29837 | 0.00003368796183504298 | 0.00003368796183504298 | 0.00000000000000000000
-9.29837 | 0.00009157337449401917 | 0.00009157337449401917 | 0.00000000000000000000
-8.29837 | 0.0002489222398577673 | 0.0002489222398577673 | 0.0000000000000000000
-7.29837 | 0.0006766408013046928 | 0.0006766408013046928 | 0.0000000000000000000
-6.29837 | 0.001839300394580514 | 0.001839300394580514 | 0.000000000000000000
-5.29837 | 0.004999736839665763 | 0.004999736839665763 | 0.000000000000000000
-4.29837 | 0.01359069379834070 | 0.01359069379834070 | 0.00000000000000000
-3.29837 | 0.03694333598818056 | 0.03694333598818056 | 0.00000000000000000
-2.29837 | 0.1004223988993283 | 0.1004223988993283 | 0.0000000000000000
-1.29837 | 0.2729763820983097 | 0.2729763820983097 | 0.0000000000000000
0.29837 | 1.3476603299656679 | 1.3476603299656679 | 0.0000000000000000
1.29837 | 3.6633205858807959 | 3.6633205858807959 | 0.0000000000000000
2.29837 | 9.9579377804197108 | 9.9579377804197108 | 0.0000000000000000
3.29837 | 27.068481317440698 | 27.068481317440698 | 0.000000000000000
4.29837 | 73.579760889182206 | 73.579760889182206 | 0.000000000000000
5.29837 | 200.01052696742555 | 200.01052696742555 | 0.00000000000000
6.29837 | 543.68498095607070 | 543.68498095607070 | 0.00000000000000
7.29837 | 1477.8890041389891 | 1477.8890041389891 | 0.0000000000000
8.29837 | 4017.3188244304487 | 4017.3188244304487 | 0.0000000000000
9.29837 | 10920.204759575742 | 10920.204759575742 | 0.000000000000
10.29837 | 29684.194161006717 | 29684.194161006717 | 0.000000000000
11.29837 | 80690.005580314652 | 80690.005580314652 | 0.000000000000
12.29837 | 219338.17590722828 | 219338.17590722828 | 0.00000000000
13.29837 | 596222.97785597218 | 596222.97785597218 | 0.00000000000
14.29837 | 1620702.0864156289 | 1620702.0864156289 | 0.0000000000
15.29837 | 4405525.0308492653 | 4405525.0308492653 | 0.0000000000
16.29837 | 11975458.636179032 | 11975458.636179032 | 0.000000000
17.29837 | 32552671.598188404 | 32552671.598188404 | 0.000000000
18.29837 | 88487335.673150406 | 88487335.673150406 | 0.000000000
19.29837 | 240533516.60908059 | 240533516.60908059 | 0.00000000
20.29837 | 653837887.33381570 | 653837887.33381570 | 0.00000000
(41 rows)
--
-- Tests for LN()
--
-- input very small
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('1.0e-1', -2.3025850929940457),
('1.0e-2', -4.6051701859880914),
('1.0e-3', -6.9077552789821371),
('1.0e-4', -9.2103403719761827),
('1.0e-5', -11.512925464970228),
('1.0e-6', -13.815510557964274),
('1.0e-7', -16.118095650958320),
('1.0e-8', -18.420680743952365),
('1.0e-9', -20.723265836946411),
('1.0e-10', -23.025850929940457),
('1.0e-11', -25.328436022934503),
('1.0e-12', -27.631021115928548),
('1.0e-13', -29.933606208922594),
('1.0e-14', -32.236191301916640),
('1.0e-15', -34.5387763949106853),
('1.0e-16', -36.84136148790473094),
('1.0e-17', -39.143946580898776628),
('1.0e-18', -41.4465316738928223123),
('1.0e-19', -43.74911676688686799634),
('1.0e-20', -46.051701859880913680360),
('1.0e-21', -48.3542869528749593643778),
('1.0e-22', -50.65687204586900504839581),
('1.0e-23', -52.959457138863050732413803),
('1.0e-24', -55.2620422318570964164317949),
('1.0e-25', -57.56462732485114210044978637),
('1.0e-26', -59.867212417845187784467777822),
('1.0e-27', -62.1697975108392334684857692765),
('1.0e-28', -64.47238260383327915250376073116),
('1.0e-29', -66.774967696827324836521752185847),
('1.0e-30', -69.0775527898213705205397436405309),
('1.0e-31', -71.38013788281541620455773509521529),
('1.0e-32', -73.682722975809461888575726549899655),
('1.0e-33', -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189),
('1.0e-34', -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306),
('1.0e-35', -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266),
('1.0e-36', -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736),
('1.0e-37', -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124),
('1.0e-38', -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842),
('1.0e-39', -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430),
('1.0e-40', -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406))
SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | ln | diff
---------+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------
1.0e-1 | -2.3025850929940457 | -2.3025850929940457 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e-2 | -4.6051701859880914 | -4.6051701859880914 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e-3 | -6.9077552789821371 | -6.9077552789821371 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e-4 | -9.2103403719761827 | -9.2103403719761827 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e-5 | -11.512925464970228 | -11.512925464970228 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-6 | -13.815510557964274 | -13.815510557964274 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-7 | -16.118095650958320 | -16.118095650958320 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-8 | -18.420680743952365 | -18.420680743952365 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-9 | -20.723265836946411 | -20.723265836946411 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-10 | -23.025850929940457 | -23.025850929940457 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-11 | -25.328436022934503 | -25.328436022934503 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-12 | -27.631021115928548 | -27.631021115928548 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-13 | -29.933606208922594 | -29.933606208922594 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-14 | -32.236191301916640 | -32.236191301916640 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e-15 | -34.5387763949106853 | -34.5387763949106853 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e-16 | -36.84136148790473094 | -36.84136148790473094 | 0.00000000000000000
1.0e-17 | -39.143946580898776628 | -39.143946580898776628 | 0.000000000000000000
1.0e-18 | -41.4465316738928223123 | -41.4465316738928223123 | 0.0000000000000000000
1.0e-19 | -43.74911676688686799634 | -43.74911676688686799634 | 0.00000000000000000000
1.0e-20 | -46.051701859880913680360 | -46.051701859880913680360 | 0.000000000000000000000
1.0e-21 | -48.3542869528749593643778 | -48.3542869528749593643778 | 0.0000000000000000000000
1.0e-22 | -50.65687204586900504839581 | -50.65687204586900504839581 | 0.00000000000000000000000
1.0e-23 | -52.959457138863050732413803 | -52.959457138863050732413803 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1.0e-24 | -55.2620422318570964164317949 | -55.2620422318570964164317949 | 0.0000000000000000000000000
1.0e-25 | -57.56462732485114210044978637 | -57.56462732485114210044978637 | 0.00000000000000000000000000
1.0e-26 | -59.867212417845187784467777822 | -59.867212417845187784467777822 | 0.000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-27 | -62.1697975108392334684857692765 | -62.1697975108392334684857692765 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-28 | -64.47238260383327915250376073116 | -64.47238260383327915250376073116 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-29 | -66.774967696827324836521752185847 | -66.774967696827324836521752185847 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-30 | -69.0775527898213705205397436405309 | -69.0775527898213705205397436405309 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-31 | -71.38013788281541620455773509521529 | -71.38013788281541620455773509521529 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-32 | -73.682722975809461888575726549899655 | -73.682722975809461888575726549899655 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-33 | -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189 | -75.9853080688035075725937180045840189 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-34 | -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306 | -78.28789316179755325661170945926838306 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-35 | -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266 | -80.590478254791598940629700913952747266 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-36 | -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736 | -82.8930633477856446246476923686371114736 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-37 | -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124 | -85.19564844077969030866568382332147568124 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-38 | -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842 | -87.498233533773735992683675278005839888842 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-39 | -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430 | -89.8008186267677816767016667326902040964430 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1.0e-40 | -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406 | -92.10340371976182736071965818737456830404406 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(40 rows)
-- input very close to but smaller than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('1.0e-1', -.10536051565782630),
('1.0e-2', -.010050335853501441),
('1.0e-3', -.0010005003335835335),
('1.0e-4', -.00010000500033335834),
('1.0e-5', -.000010000050000333336),
('1.0e-6', -.0000010000005000003333),
('1.0e-7', -.00000010000000500000033),
('1.0e-8', -.000000010000000050000000),
('1.0e-9', -.0000000010000000005000000),
('1.0e-10', -.00000000010000000000500000),
('1.0e-11', -.000000000010000000000050000),
('1.0e-12', -.0000000000010000000000005000),
('1.0e-13', -.00000000000010000000000000500),
('1.0e-14', -.000000000000010000000000000050),
('1.0e-15', -.0000000000000010000000000000005),
('1.0e-16', -.00000000000000010000000000000001),
('1.0e-17', -.000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-18', -.0000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-19', -.00000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-20', -.000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-21', -.0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-23', -.000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-24', -.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-25', -.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-26', -.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-27', -.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-28', -.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-30', -.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-31', -.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-32', -.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-33', -.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-34', -.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-35', -.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-37', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-38', -.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-39', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-40', -.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0-x::numeric), ln(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
?column? | bc_result | ln | diff
-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
1-1.0e-1 | -0.10536051565782630 | -0.10536051565782630 | 0.00000000000000000
1-1.0e-2 | -0.010050335853501441 | -0.010050335853501441 | 0.000000000000000000
1-1.0e-3 | -0.0010005003335835335 | -0.0010005003335835335 | 0.0000000000000000000
1-1.0e-4 | -0.00010000500033335834 | -0.00010000500033335834 | 0.00000000000000000000
1-1.0e-5 | -0.000010000050000333336 | -0.000010000050000333336 | 0.000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-6 | -0.0000010000005000003333 | -0.0000010000005000003333 | 0.0000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-7 | -0.00000010000000500000033 | -0.00000010000000500000033 | 0.00000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-8 | -0.000000010000000050000000 | -0.000000010000000050000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-9 | -0.0000000010000000005000000 | -0.0000000010000000005000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-10 | -0.00000000010000000000500000 | -0.00000000010000000000500000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-11 | -0.000000000010000000000050000 | -0.000000000010000000000050000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-12 | -0.0000000000010000000000005000 | -0.0000000000010000000000005000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-13 | -0.00000000000010000000000000500 | -0.00000000000010000000000000500 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-14 | -0.000000000000010000000000000050 | -0.000000000000010000000000000050 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-15 | -0.0000000000000010000000000000005 | -0.0000000000000010000000000000005 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-16 | -0.00000000000000010000000000000001 | -0.00000000000000010000000000000001 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-17 | -0.000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-18 | -0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-19 | -0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-20 | -0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-21 | -0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-22 | -0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-23 | -0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-24 | -0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-25 | -0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-26 | -0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-27 | -0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-28 | -0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-29 | -0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-30 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-31 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-32 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-33 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-34 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-35 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-37 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-38 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-39 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-1.0e-40 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | -0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(40 rows)
-- input very close to but larger than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+10^-$p)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('1.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('1.0e-1', .09531017980432486),
('1.0e-2', .009950330853168083),
('1.0e-3', .0009995003330835332),
('1.0e-4', .00009999500033330834),
('1.0e-5', .000009999950000333331),
('1.0e-6', .0000009999995000003333),
('1.0e-7', .00000009999999500000033),
('1.0e-8', .000000009999999950000000),
('1.0e-9', .0000000009999999995000000),
('1.0e-10', .00000000009999999999500000),
('1.0e-11', .000000000009999999999950000),
('1.0e-12', .0000000000009999999999995000),
('1.0e-13', .00000000000009999999999999500),
('1.0e-14', .000000000000009999999999999950),
('1.0e-15', .0000000000000009999999999999995),
('1.0e-16', .00000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-17', .000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-18', .0000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-19', .00000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-20', .000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-21', .0000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-22', .00000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-23', .000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-24', .0000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-25', .00000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-26', .000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-27', .0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-28', .00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-30', .0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-31', .00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-32', .000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-33', .0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-34', .00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-35', .000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-37', .00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-38', .000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-39', .0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000),
('1.0e-40', .00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000))
SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, ln(1.0+x::numeric), ln(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
?column? | bc_result | ln | diff
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
1+1.0e-1 | 0.09531017980432486 | 0.09531017980432486 | 0.00000000000000000
1+1.0e-2 | 0.009950330853168083 | 0.009950330853168083 | 0.000000000000000000
1+1.0e-3 | 0.0009995003330835332 | 0.0009995003330835332 | 0.0000000000000000000
1+1.0e-4 | 0.00009999500033330834 | 0.00009999500033330834 | 0.00000000000000000000
1+1.0e-5 | 0.000009999950000333331 | 0.000009999950000333331 | 0.000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-6 | 0.0000009999995000003333 | 0.0000009999995000003333 | 0.0000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-7 | 0.00000009999999500000033 | 0.00000009999999500000033 | 0.00000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-8 | 0.000000009999999950000000 | 0.000000009999999950000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-9 | 0.0000000009999999995000000 | 0.0000000009999999995000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-10 | 0.00000000009999999999500000 | 0.00000000009999999999500000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-11 | 0.000000000009999999999950000 | 0.000000000009999999999950000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-12 | 0.0000000000009999999999995000 | 0.0000000000009999999999995000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-13 | 0.00000000000009999999999999500 | 0.00000000000009999999999999500 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-14 | 0.000000000000009999999999999950 | 0.000000000000009999999999999950 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-15 | 0.0000000000000009999999999999995 | 0.0000000000000009999999999999995 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-16 | 0.00000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-17 | 0.000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-18 | 0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-19 | 0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-20 | 0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-21 | 0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-22 | 0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-23 | 0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-24 | 0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-25 | 0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-26 | 0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-27 | 0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-28 | 0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-29 | 0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-30 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-31 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-32 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-33 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-34 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-35 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-37 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-38 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-39 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+1.0e-40 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(40 rows)
-- input very large
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(10^$p)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('1.0e$p', $l),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('1.0e1', 2.3025850929940457),
('1.0e2', 4.6051701859880914),
('1.0e3', 6.9077552789821371),
('1.0e4', 9.2103403719761827),
('1.0e5', 11.512925464970228),
('1.0e6', 13.815510557964274),
('1.0e7', 16.118095650958320),
('1.0e8', 18.420680743952365),
('1.0e9', 20.723265836946411),
('1.0e10', 23.025850929940457),
('1.0e11', 25.328436022934503),
('1.0e12', 27.631021115928548),
('1.0e13', 29.933606208922594),
('1.0e14', 32.236191301916640),
('1.0e15', 34.538776394910685),
('1.0e16', 36.841361487904731),
('1.0e17', 39.143946580898777),
('1.0e18', 41.446531673892822),
('1.0e19', 43.749116766886868),
('1.0e20', 46.051701859880914),
('1.0e21', 48.354286952874959),
('1.0e22', 50.656872045869005),
('1.0e23', 52.959457138863051),
('1.0e24', 55.262042231857096),
('1.0e25', 57.564627324851142),
('1.0e26', 59.867212417845188),
('1.0e27', 62.169797510839233),
('1.0e28', 64.472382603833279),
('1.0e29', 66.774967696827325),
('1.0e30', 69.077552789821371),
('1.0e31', 71.380137882815416),
('1.0e32', 73.682722975809462),
('1.0e33', 75.985308068803508),
('1.0e34', 78.287893161797553),
('1.0e35', 80.590478254791599),
('1.0e36', 82.893063347785645),
('1.0e37', 85.195648440779690),
('1.0e38', 87.498233533773736),
('1.0e39', 89.800818626767782),
('1.0e40', 92.103403719761827))
SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | ln | diff
--------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------
1.0e1 | 2.3025850929940457 | 2.3025850929940457 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e2 | 4.6051701859880914 | 4.6051701859880914 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e3 | 6.9077552789821371 | 6.9077552789821371 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e4 | 9.2103403719761827 | 9.2103403719761827 | 0.0000000000000000
1.0e5 | 11.512925464970228 | 11.512925464970228 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e6 | 13.815510557964274 | 13.815510557964274 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e7 | 16.118095650958320 | 16.118095650958320 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e8 | 18.420680743952365 | 18.420680743952365 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e9 | 20.723265836946411 | 20.723265836946411 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e10 | 23.025850929940457 | 23.025850929940457 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e11 | 25.328436022934503 | 25.328436022934503 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e12 | 27.631021115928548 | 27.631021115928548 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e13 | 29.933606208922594 | 29.933606208922594 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e14 | 32.236191301916640 | 32.236191301916640 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e15 | 34.538776394910685 | 34.538776394910685 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e16 | 36.841361487904731 | 36.841361487904731 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e17 | 39.143946580898777 | 39.143946580898777 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e18 | 41.446531673892822 | 41.446531673892822 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e19 | 43.749116766886868 | 43.749116766886868 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e20 | 46.051701859880914 | 46.051701859880914 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e21 | 48.354286952874959 | 48.354286952874959 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e22 | 50.656872045869005 | 50.656872045869005 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e23 | 52.959457138863051 | 52.959457138863051 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e24 | 55.262042231857096 | 55.262042231857096 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e25 | 57.564627324851142 | 57.564627324851142 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e26 | 59.867212417845188 | 59.867212417845188 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e27 | 62.169797510839233 | 62.169797510839233 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e28 | 64.472382603833279 | 64.472382603833279 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e29 | 66.774967696827325 | 66.774967696827325 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e30 | 69.077552789821371 | 69.077552789821371 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e31 | 71.380137882815416 | 71.380137882815416 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e32 | 73.682722975809462 | 73.682722975809462 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e33 | 75.985308068803508 | 75.985308068803508 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e34 | 78.287893161797553 | 78.287893161797553 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e35 | 80.590478254791599 | 80.590478254791599 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e36 | 82.893063347785645 | 82.893063347785645 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e37 | 85.195648440779690 | 85.195648440779690 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e38 | 87.498233533773736 | 87.498233533773736 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e39 | 89.800818626767782 | 89.800818626767782 | 0.000000000000000
1.0e40 | 92.103403719761827 | 92.103403719761827 | 0.000000000000000
(40 rows)
-- input huge
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 1000 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..10}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=1000 ; l(10^${p}00)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('1.0e${p}00', $l),"
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('1.0e100', 230.25850929940457),
('1.0e200', 460.51701859880914),
('1.0e300', 690.77552789821371),
('1.0e400', 921.03403719761827),
('1.0e500', 1151.2925464970228),
('1.0e600', 1381.5510557964274),
('1.0e700', 1611.8095650958320),
('1.0e800', 1842.0680743952365),
('1.0e900', 2072.3265836946411),
('1.0e1000', 2302.5850929940457))
SELECT x, bc_result, ln(x::numeric), ln(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | ln | diff
----------+--------------------+--------------------+------------------
1.0e100 | 230.25850929940457 | 230.25850929940457 | 0.00000000000000
1.0e200 | 460.51701859880914 | 460.51701859880914 | 0.00000000000000
1.0e300 | 690.77552789821371 | 690.77552789821371 | 0.00000000000000
1.0e400 | 921.03403719761827 | 921.03403719761827 | 0.00000000000000
1.0e500 | 1151.2925464970228 | 1151.2925464970228 | 0.0000000000000
1.0e600 | 1381.5510557964274 | 1381.5510557964274 | 0.0000000000000
1.0e700 | 1611.8095650958320 | 1611.8095650958320 | 0.0000000000000
1.0e800 | 1842.0680743952365 | 1842.0680743952365 | 0.0000000000000
1.0e900 | 2072.3265836946411 | 2072.3265836946411 | 0.0000000000000
1.0e1000 | 2302.5850929940457 | 2302.5850929940457 | 0.0000000000000
(10 rows)
-- inputs with 1000 decimal places
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 2000 and rounded to 1000 decimal
-- places
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
(484990182159328900690402236933516249572671683638747490717351807610531884491845416923860371219625151551889257298200816555016472471293780254009492949585031653913930735918829139712249577547959394351523545901788627247613322896296041868431769047433229466634098452564756860190085118463828382895145244362033728480588969626012192733802377468089120757046364393407262957242230928854711898925295251902007136232994524624903257456111389508582206404271734668422903183500589303866613158037169610592539145461637447957948521714058034772237111009429638870236361143304703683377693378577075353794118557951847394763531830696578809001981568860219578880229402696449243344235099860421846016326538272155937175661905904288335499593232232926636205909086901191153907183842087577811871344870731324067822883041265129394268082883745408414994.8967939438561591657171240282983703914075472645212002662497023142663831371447287624846942598424990784971781730103682951722370983277124599054059027055336437808366784501932987082321905202623642371063626378290734289114618092750984153422293450048717769065428713836637664433167768445609659527458911187829232316677137895259433038764404970599325009178297626038331436654541552998098529141205301472138026818453893127265938030066392881979113522757891639646670670272542401773230506961559808927249585675430838495658225557294666522469887436551840596777627408780618586500922973500018513068499587683746133637919751545157547095670767246977244726331271787622126889459658539988980096764323712767863722912919120929339399753431689512753214200090670880647731689804555417871258907716687575767185444541243606329768784843125926070743277339790277626515824924290352180761378846035233155198504033292692893297993698953705472933411199778880561376633444249703838589180474329586470353212010427945060694794274109764269805332803290229,
1864.3702986939570026328504202935192533137907736189919154633800554877738455118081651650863235106905871352085850240570561347180517240105510505203972860921397909573687877993477806728098306202020229409548306695695574102950949468160529713610952021974630774784174851619325758380143625473386495586347322798415543385655090746985183329114860118551572428921774322172798724455202876781611633419444058398798142214904998877857425038669920064728855823072107227506485770367799671977282350083029452784747350395161797215115525867416898416360638482342253129160308632504217096916335590470843180746834864303790913372081974355613359678634194879425862536147988835528973291020680020540866655622823550861337486588647231688134992810403147262346312159819432914207194632564009749236609081399504118359354620598232725290537215007867979331582119891661859015726276335168158288396939655310210558566592649049602925182137256134162660116182293851038854455437841571331011002023088829768308520393956515509475418031437505751407687618234418262),
(87190145885430429849953615409019208993240447426362428988181639909267773304254748257120061524000254226856815085523676417146197197996896030672521334101413071112068202429835905642444187493717977611730127126387257253646790849384975208460867137315507010888782632024640844766297185244443116696943912406389670302370461137850160539373600494054874979342373255280815156048999900951842673141766630630919020492255966628630634124452614590400422133958133100159154995520080124736657520969784129924799670552560034302960877087853678350801769339861812435411200669026902417951572668727488315537985378304242438181615160041688723201917323705450185975141141262578884689500612295576288125956289035673242989906973367691922065122033180281670221390667818909912035903387888639331486823729897326624516015340.0330856710565117793999512551468220085711713631167607285185762046751452975325645379302403715842570486302993296501788672462090620871511446272026693318239212657949496275318383141403236705902077406660768573015707706831878445598837931116223956945944726162551477136715847593742032488181481888084716920605114101902724395659898621880016853548602514706686907951229872573180602614761229992106144727082722940736406782659562775289407005631298246624198606031298081220736931229256511054595028182057216042683060059115371651410352645266000330509331097811566633211452233019461903115970558624057877018778178814946285827512359903934291318219271464841957435711594154280905473802599888081783098187210283997106131616471807951265003903143099667366508222327805543948921694362089860577380749774036318574113007382111997454202845559941557812813566442364810680529092880773126707073967537693927177460459341763934709686530005721141046645111784404932103241501569571235364365556796422998363930810983452790309019295181282099408260156,
1793.5767085750017553306932533574391150814202249805881581227430032600579405884415934520704053351781361105595296647510475380766428668443641914861849764330704062323054023252886955844207807229267936432730818329225450152491146839618683772020068682795388746108876393249306737841247788224204701299467519965182171772253974884845661168860422489046657965359832930382114760565628765599962013955588754803194908990025689040598990346417563277021386852342928910383706995866844541160576254266641602065102228267316550706943783591722246885978355472097314691737807509436806788803362444745551013400341861820755594413819894154786253014501454443272120342005711761286524843010157182464200556865694401941794983935172457481497909987740544409272349152397774548604845897687504977786762391359552407068124283290504752932824699865504970420939586707791994870941813718246825616335675307740641350673558328821461530563823677144691877374809441673507467507447891562257806191361453045937798278733402269265623588493124129181374135958668436774),
(93936642222690597390233191619858485419795942047468396309991947772747208870873993801669373075421461116465960407843923269693395211616591453397070258466704654943689268224479477016161636938138334729982904232438440955361656138189836032891825113139184685132178764873033678116450665758561650355252211196676137179184043639278410827092182700922151290703747496962700158844772453483316974221113826173404445159281421213715669245417896170368554410830320000019029956317336703559699859949692222685614036912057150632902650913831404804982509990655560731349634628713944739168096272097122388116038119844786988276635032016787352796502360718569977397214936366251320294621522016.6483354941025384161536675750898007896744690911429670830432784905421638721478353275821072200938900938046264210604940707974410950770029535636602548377806284157951164875821446035013896786653932045182167021839184824627082391478016195098055107001433336586881395912782883663046617432598969149948351689103230162742769845955320418573803127107923535948653168889411316007796459064267436246637115946581149511513369842911210359447262641996566147462977170742544980481275049898092152042927981394239266559286915303786701737610786594006685748456635797125029722684151298695274097006242412384086302106763844070230264910503179385988626477852818174114043927841085089058972074427820150462261941575665882880501074676800316585217150509780489224388148722603385921057007086785238310735038314861960410473809826927329368597558806004392175746233568789445929554890241140656324160187253042639339549705859147930476532359840809944163908006480881926041259363654863689570520534301207043189181147254153307163555433328278834311658232337,
1510.4332713542154696529645934345554302578243896764921637693542962119938599884313210100957753316832762996428481801312323020427109678979117469716796746760060470871840325255146954580681101106876674367471955788143763250819168311353856748872452260808797135108102729064040463343792765872545182299889360257515315869180266759715933989413256377582681707188367254513700731642913479683031478361835565783219287780434673712341147656477670848734998849030451414278832848680301511646182446524915091598080243532068451726548537866633622180283865668708517173065893429240665300584705585310049892047293928733753369421499719516009692095913169665213597158441636480707309244604139865130782756488091268094213446272360006907802989573582755585110277620911226015342778471352130366770729972784317323917141031824334355639769512749560550167491709646539950725523461943580211843652293561678342656010571108219244870234329176123205423872844099992204896411752620881541000940129833754169391528449211839693800724450201835161044717173715867437))
SELECT trim_scale(ln(x::numeric)-bc_result) AS diff FROM t;
diff
------
0
0
0
(3 rows)
--
-- Tests for LOG() (base 10)
--
-- input very small, exact result known
WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e-'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
x | log
--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1e-1 | -1.0000000000000000
1e-2 | -2.0000000000000000
1e-3 | -3.0000000000000000
1e-4 | -4.0000000000000000
1e-5 | -5.000000000000000
1e-6 | -6.000000000000000
1e-7 | -7.000000000000000
1e-8 | -8.000000000000000
1e-9 | -9.000000000000000
1e-10 | -10.000000000000000
1e-11 | -11.000000000000000
1e-12 | -12.000000000000000
1e-13 | -13.000000000000000
1e-14 | -14.000000000000000
1e-15 | -15.000000000000000
1e-16 | -16.0000000000000000
1e-17 | -17.00000000000000000
1e-18 | -18.000000000000000000
1e-19 | -19.0000000000000000000
1e-20 | -20.00000000000000000000
1e-21 | -21.000000000000000000000
1e-22 | -22.0000000000000000000000
1e-23 | -23.00000000000000000000000
1e-24 | -24.000000000000000000000000
1e-25 | -25.0000000000000000000000000
1e-26 | -26.00000000000000000000000000
1e-27 | -27.000000000000000000000000000
1e-28 | -28.0000000000000000000000000000
1e-29 | -29.00000000000000000000000000000
1e-30 | -30.000000000000000000000000000000
1e-31 | -31.0000000000000000000000000000000
1e-32 | -32.00000000000000000000000000000000
1e-33 | -33.000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-34 | -34.0000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-35 | -35.00000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-36 | -36.000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-37 | -37.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-38 | -38.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-39 | -39.000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-40 | -40.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-41 | -41.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-42 | -42.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-43 | -43.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-44 | -44.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-45 | -45.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-46 | -46.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-47 | -47.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-48 | -48.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-49 | -49.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-50 | -50.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-51 | -51.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-52 | -52.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-53 | -53.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-54 | -54.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-55 | -55.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-56 | -56.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-57 | -57.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-58 | -58.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-59 | -59.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-60 | -60.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-61 | -61.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-62 | -62.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-63 | -63.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-64 | -64.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-65 | -65.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-66 | -66.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-67 | -67.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-68 | -68.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-69 | -69.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-70 | -70.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-71 | -71.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-72 | -72.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-73 | -73.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-74 | -74.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-75 | -75.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-76 | -76.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-77 | -77.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-78 | -78.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-79 | -79.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-80 | -80.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-81 | -81.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-82 | -82.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-83 | -83.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-84 | -84.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-85 | -85.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-86 | -86.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-87 | -87.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-88 | -88.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-89 | -89.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-90 | -90.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-91 | -91.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-92 | -92.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-93 | -93.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-94 | -94.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-95 | -95.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-96 | -96.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-97 | -97.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-98 | -98.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-99 | -99.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1e-100 | -100.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(100 rows)
-- input very small, non-exact results
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..50..7}
-- do
-- for d in {9..1..3}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('9.0e-1', -.04575749056067513),
('6.0e-1', -.2218487496163564),
('3.0e-1', -.5228787452803376),
('9.0e-8', -7.045757490560675),
('6.0e-8', -7.221848749616356),
('3.0e-8', -7.522878745280338),
('9.0e-15', -14.0457574905606751),
('6.0e-15', -14.2218487496163564),
('3.0e-15', -14.5228787452803376),
('9.0e-22', -21.04575749056067512540994),
('6.0e-22', -21.22184874961635636749123),
('3.0e-22', -21.52287874528033756270497),
('9.0e-29', -28.045757490560675125409944193490),
('6.0e-29', -28.221848749616356367491233202020),
('3.0e-29', -28.522878745280337562704972096745),
('9.0e-36', -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816),
('6.0e-36', -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640),
('3.0e-36', -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908),
('9.0e-43', -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227),
('6.0e-43', -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125),
('3.0e-43', -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114),
('9.0e-50', -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608),
('6.0e-50', -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196),
('3.0e-50', -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304))
SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | log | diff
---------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------
9.0e-1 | -0.04575749056067513 | -0.04575749056067513 | 0.00000000000000000
6.0e-1 | -0.2218487496163564 | -0.2218487496163564 | 0.0000000000000000
3.0e-1 | -0.5228787452803376 | -0.5228787452803376 | 0.0000000000000000
9.0e-8 | -7.045757490560675 | -7.045757490560675 | 0.000000000000000
6.0e-8 | -7.221848749616356 | -7.221848749616356 | 0.000000000000000
3.0e-8 | -7.522878745280338 | -7.522878745280338 | 0.000000000000000
9.0e-15 | -14.0457574905606751 | -14.0457574905606751 | 0.0000000000000000
6.0e-15 | -14.2218487496163564 | -14.2218487496163564 | 0.0000000000000000
3.0e-15 | -14.5228787452803376 | -14.5228787452803376 | 0.0000000000000000
9.0e-22 | -21.04575749056067512540994 | -21.04575749056067512540994 | 0.00000000000000000000000
6.0e-22 | -21.22184874961635636749123 | -21.22184874961635636749123 | 0.00000000000000000000000
3.0e-22 | -21.52287874528033756270497 | -21.52287874528033756270497 | 0.00000000000000000000000
9.0e-29 | -28.045757490560675125409944193490 | -28.045757490560675125409944193490 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
6.0e-29 | -28.221848749616356367491233202020 | -28.221848749616356367491233202020 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
3.0e-29 | -28.522878745280337562704972096745 | -28.522878745280337562704972096745 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000
9.0e-36 | -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816 | -35.0457574905606751254099441934897693816 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
6.0e-36 | -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640 | -35.2218487496163563674912332020203916640 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
3.0e-36 | -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908 | -35.5228787452803375627049720967448846908 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000
9.0e-43 | -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227 | -42.04575749056067512540994419348976938159974227 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6.0e-43 | -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125 | -42.22184874961635636749123320202039166403168125 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3.0e-43 | -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114 | -42.52287874528033756270497209674488469079987114 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
9.0e-50 | -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608 | -49.045757490560675125409944193489769381599742271618608 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
6.0e-50 | -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196 | -49.221848749616356367491233202020391664031681254347196 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3.0e-50 | -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304 | -49.522878745280337562704972096744884690799871135809304 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(24 rows)
-- input very close to but smaller than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40..7}
-- do
-- for d in {9..1..3}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1-$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('9.0e-1', -1.0000000000000000),
('6.0e-1', -.3979400086720376),
('3.0e-1', -.1549019599857432),
('9.0e-8', -.000000039086505130185422),
('6.0e-8', -.000000026057669695925208),
('3.0e-8', -.000000013028834652530076),
('9.0e-15', -.0000000000000039086503371292840),
('6.0e-15', -.0000000000000026057668914195188),
('3.0e-15', -.0000000000000013028834457097574),
('9.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-22', -.00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
('9.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-29', -.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
('9.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-36', -.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
SELECT '1-'||x, bc_result, log(1.0-x::numeric), log(1.0-x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
?column? | bc_result | log | diff
-----------+---------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
1-9.0e-1 | -1.0000000000000000 | -1.0000000000000000 | 0.0000000000000000
1-6.0e-1 | -0.3979400086720376 | -0.3979400086720376 | 0.0000000000000000
1-3.0e-1 | -0.1549019599857432 | -0.1549019599857432 | 0.0000000000000000
1-9.0e-8 | -0.000000039086505130185422 | -0.000000039086505130185422 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1-6.0e-8 | -0.000000026057669695925208 | -0.000000026057669695925208 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1-3.0e-8 | -0.000000013028834652530076 | -0.000000013028834652530076 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1-9.0e-15 | -0.0000000000000039086503371292840 | -0.0000000000000039086503371292840 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1-6.0e-15 | -0.0000000000000026057668914195188 | -0.0000000000000026057668914195188 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1-3.0e-15 | -0.0000000000000013028834457097574 | -0.0000000000000013028834457097574 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1-9.0e-22 | -0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 | -0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-6.0e-22 | -0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 | -0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-3.0e-22 | -0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 | -0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-9.0e-29 | -0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | -0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-6.0e-29 | -0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | -0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-3.0e-29 | -0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | -0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-9.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-6.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1-3.0e-36 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | -0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(18 rows)
-- input very close to but larger than 1
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {1..40..7}
-- do
-- for d in {9..1..3}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l(1+$d*10^-$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('${d}.0e-$p', $l),"
-- done
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('9.0e-1', .2787536009528290),
('6.0e-1', .2041199826559248),
('3.0e-1', .1139433523068368),
('9.0e-8', .000000039086501612400118),
('6.0e-8', .000000026057668132465074),
('3.0e-8', .000000013028834261665042),
('9.0e-15', .0000000000000039086503371292489),
('6.0e-15', .0000000000000026057668914195031),
('3.0e-15', .0000000000000013028834457097535),
('9.0e-22', .00000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-22', .00000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-22', .00000000000000000000013028834457097555),
('9.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-29', .000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555),
('9.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664),
('6.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110),
('3.0e-36', .0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555))
SELECT '1+'||x, bc_result, log(1.0+x::numeric), log(1.0+x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
?column? | bc_result | log | diff
-----------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------
1+9.0e-1 | 0.2787536009528290 | 0.2787536009528290 | 0.0000000000000000
1+6.0e-1 | 0.2041199826559248 | 0.2041199826559248 | 0.0000000000000000
1+3.0e-1 | 0.1139433523068368 | 0.1139433523068368 | 0.0000000000000000
1+9.0e-8 | 0.000000039086501612400118 | 0.000000039086501612400118 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1+6.0e-8 | 0.000000026057668132465074 | 0.000000026057668132465074 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1+3.0e-8 | 0.000000013028834261665042 | 0.000000013028834261665042 | 0.000000000000000000000000
1+9.0e-15 | 0.0000000000000039086503371292489 | 0.0000000000000039086503371292489 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1+6.0e-15 | 0.0000000000000026057668914195031 | 0.0000000000000026057668914195031 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1+3.0e-15 | 0.0000000000000013028834457097535 | 0.0000000000000013028834457097535 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000
1+9.0e-22 | 0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.00000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+6.0e-22 | 0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.00000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+3.0e-22 | 0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.00000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+9.0e-29 | 0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+6.0e-29 | 0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+3.0e-29 | 0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+9.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000039086503371292664 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+6.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000026057668914195110 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1+3.0e-36 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000013028834457097555 | 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
(18 rows)
-- input very large, exact result known
WITH t(x) AS (SELECT '1e'||n FROM generate_series(1, 100) g(n))
SELECT x, log(x::numeric) FROM t;
x | log
-------+--------------------
1e1 | 1.0000000000000000
1e2 | 2.0000000000000000
1e3 | 3.0000000000000000
1e4 | 4.0000000000000000
1e5 | 5.000000000000000
1e6 | 6.000000000000000
1e7 | 7.000000000000000
1e8 | 8.000000000000000
1e9 | 9.000000000000000
1e10 | 10.000000000000000
1e11 | 11.000000000000000
1e12 | 12.000000000000000
1e13 | 13.000000000000000
1e14 | 14.000000000000000
1e15 | 15.000000000000000
1e16 | 16.000000000000000
1e17 | 17.000000000000000
1e18 | 18.000000000000000
1e19 | 19.000000000000000
1e20 | 20.000000000000000
1e21 | 21.000000000000000
1e22 | 22.000000000000000
1e23 | 23.000000000000000
1e24 | 24.000000000000000
1e25 | 25.000000000000000
1e26 | 26.000000000000000
1e27 | 27.000000000000000
1e28 | 28.000000000000000
1e29 | 29.000000000000000
1e30 | 30.000000000000000
1e31 | 31.000000000000000
1e32 | 32.000000000000000
1e33 | 33.000000000000000
1e34 | 34.000000000000000
1e35 | 35.000000000000000
1e36 | 36.000000000000000
1e37 | 37.000000000000000
1e38 | 38.000000000000000
1e39 | 39.000000000000000
1e40 | 40.000000000000000
1e41 | 41.000000000000000
1e42 | 42.000000000000000
1e43 | 43.000000000000000
1e44 | 44.00000000000000
1e45 | 45.00000000000000
1e46 | 46.00000000000000
1e47 | 47.00000000000000
1e48 | 48.00000000000000
1e49 | 49.00000000000000
1e50 | 50.00000000000000
1e51 | 51.00000000000000
1e52 | 52.00000000000000
1e53 | 53.00000000000000
1e54 | 54.00000000000000
1e55 | 55.00000000000000
1e56 | 56.00000000000000
1e57 | 57.00000000000000
1e58 | 58.00000000000000
1e59 | 59.00000000000000
1e60 | 60.00000000000000
1e61 | 61.00000000000000
1e62 | 62.00000000000000
1e63 | 63.00000000000000
1e64 | 64.00000000000000
1e65 | 65.00000000000000
1e66 | 66.00000000000000
1e67 | 67.00000000000000
1e68 | 68.00000000000000
1e69 | 69.00000000000000
1e70 | 70.00000000000000
1e71 | 71.00000000000000
1e72 | 72.00000000000000
1e73 | 73.00000000000000
1e74 | 74.00000000000000
1e75 | 75.00000000000000
1e76 | 76.00000000000000
1e77 | 77.00000000000000
1e78 | 78.00000000000000
1e79 | 79.00000000000000
1e80 | 80.00000000000000
1e81 | 81.00000000000000
1e82 | 82.00000000000000
1e83 | 83.00000000000000
1e84 | 84.00000000000000
1e85 | 85.00000000000000
1e86 | 86.00000000000000
1e87 | 87.00000000000000
1e88 | 88.00000000000000
1e89 | 89.00000000000000
1e90 | 90.00000000000000
1e91 | 91.00000000000000
1e92 | 92.00000000000000
1e93 | 93.00000000000000
1e94 | 94.00000000000000
1e95 | 95.00000000000000
1e96 | 96.00000000000000
1e97 | 97.00000000000000
1e98 | 98.00000000000000
1e99 | 99.00000000000000
1e100 | 100.00000000000000
(100 rows)
-- input very large, non-exact results
--
-- bc(1) results computed with a scale of 500 and truncated using the script
-- below, and then rounded by hand to match the precision of LN():
--
-- for p in {10..50..7}
-- do
-- for d in {2..9..3}
-- do
-- l=$(bc -ql <<< "scale=500 ; l($d*10^$p) / l(10)" | head -n 1)
-- echo "('${d}.0e$p', $l),"
-- done
-- done
WITH t(x, bc_result) AS (VALUES
('2.0e10', 10.301029995663981),
('5.0e10', 10.698970004336019),
('8.0e10', 10.903089986991944),
('2.0e17', 17.301029995663981),
('5.0e17', 17.698970004336019),
('8.0e17', 17.903089986991944),
('2.0e24', 24.301029995663981),
('5.0e24', 24.698970004336019),
('8.0e24', 24.903089986991944),
('2.0e31', 31.301029995663981),
('5.0e31', 31.698970004336019),
('8.0e31', 31.903089986991944),
('2.0e38', 38.301029995663981),
('5.0e38', 38.698970004336019),
('8.0e38', 38.903089986991944),
('2.0e45', 45.30102999566398),
('5.0e45', 45.69897000433602),
('8.0e45', 45.90308998699194))
SELECT x, bc_result, log(x::numeric), log(x::numeric)-bc_result AS diff FROM t;
x | bc_result | log | diff
--------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
2.0e10 | 10.301029995663981 | 10.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
5.0e10 | 10.698970004336019 | 10.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
8.0e10 | 10.903089986991944 | 10.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
2.0e17 | 17.301029995663981 | 17.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
5.0e17 | 17.698970004336019 | 17.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
8.0e17 | 17.903089986991944 | 17.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
2.0e24 | 24.301029995663981 | 24.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
5.0e24 | 24.698970004336019 | 24.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
8.0e24 | 24.903089986991944 | 24.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
2.0e31 | 31.301029995663981 | 31.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
5.0e31 | 31.698970004336019 | 31.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
8.0e31 | 31.903089986991944 | 31.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
2.0e38 | 38.301029995663981 | 38.301029995663981 | 0.000000000000000
5.0e38 | 38.698970004336019 | 38.698970004336019 | 0.000000000000000
8.0e38 | 38.903089986991944 | 38.903089986991944 | 0.000000000000000
2.0e45 | 45.30102999566398 | 45.30102999566398 | 0.00000000000000
5.0e45 | 45.69897000433602 | 45.69897000433602 | 0.00000000000000
8.0e45 | 45.90308998699194 | 45.90308998699194 | 0.00000000000000
(18 rows)
|