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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 22. Database Roles</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="21.15. Authentication Problems" /><link rel="next" href="database-roles.html" title="22.1. Database Roles" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 22. Database Roles</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="21.15. Authentication Problems">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="admin.html" title="Part III. Server Administration">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Server Administration</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="database-roles.html" title="22.1. Database Roles">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></hr></div><div class="chapter" id="USER-MANAG"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 22. Database Roles</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="database-roles.html">22.1. Database Roles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="role-attributes.html">22.2. Role Attributes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="role-membership.html">22.3. Role Membership</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="role-removal.html">22.4. Dropping Roles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="predefined-roles.html">22.5. Predefined Roles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="perm-functions.html">22.6. Function Security</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
+  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> manages database access permissions
+  using the concept of <em class="firstterm">roles</em>.  A role can be thought of as
+  either a database user, or a group of database users, depending on how
+  the role is set up.  Roles can own database objects (for example, tables
+  and functions) and can assign privileges on those objects to other roles to
+  control who has access to which objects.  Furthermore, it is possible
+  to grant <em class="firstterm">membership</em> in a role to another role, thus
+  allowing the member role to use privileges assigned to another role.
+ </p><p>
+  The concept of roles subsumes the concepts of <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">users</span>”</span> and
+  <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">groups</span>”</span>.  In <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> versions
+  before 8.1, users and groups were distinct kinds of entities, but now
+  there are only roles.  Any role can act as a user, a group, or both.
+ </p><p>
+  This chapter describes how to create and manage roles.
+  More information about the effects of role privileges on various
+  database objects can be found in <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a>.
+ </p></div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" class="navfooter"><hr></hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="client-authentication-problems.html" title="21.15. Authentication Problems">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="admin.html" title="Part III. Server Administration">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="database-roles.html" title="22.1. Database Roles">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">21.15. Authentication Problems </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 14.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 22.1. Database Roles</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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