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/*
* brin_revmap.c
* Range map for BRIN indexes
*
* The range map (revmap) is a translation structure for BRIN indexes: for each
* page range there is one summary tuple, and its location is tracked by the
* revmap. Whenever a new tuple is inserted into a table that violates the
* previously recorded summary values, a new tuple is inserted into the index
* and the revmap is updated to point to it.
*
* The revmap is stored in the first pages of the index, immediately following
* the metapage. When the revmap needs to be expanded, all tuples on the
* regular BRIN page at that block (if any) are moved out of the way.
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src/backend/access/brin/brin_revmap.c
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include "access/brin_page.h"
#include "access/brin_pageops.h"
#include "access/brin_revmap.h"
#include "access/brin_tuple.h"
#include "access/brin_xlog.h"
#include "access/rmgr.h"
#include "access/xloginsert.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/lmgr.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
/*
* In revmap pages, each item stores an ItemPointerData. These defines let one
* find the logical revmap page number and index number of the revmap item for
* the given heap block number.
*/
#define HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_BLK(pagesPerRange, heapBlk) \
((heapBlk / pagesPerRange) / REVMAP_PAGE_MAXITEMS)
#define HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_INDEX(pagesPerRange, heapBlk) \
((heapBlk / pagesPerRange) % REVMAP_PAGE_MAXITEMS)
struct BrinRevmap
{
Relation rm_irel;
BlockNumber rm_pagesPerRange;
BlockNumber rm_lastRevmapPage; /* cached from the metapage */
Buffer rm_metaBuf;
Buffer rm_currBuf;
};
/* typedef appears in brin_revmap.h */
static BlockNumber revmap_get_blkno(BrinRevmap *revmap,
BlockNumber heapBlk);
static Buffer revmap_get_buffer(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk);
static BlockNumber revmap_extend_and_get_blkno(BrinRevmap *revmap,
BlockNumber heapBlk);
static void revmap_physical_extend(BrinRevmap *revmap);
/*
* Initialize an access object for a range map. This must be freed by
* brinRevmapTerminate when caller is done with it.
*/
BrinRevmap *
brinRevmapInitialize(Relation idxrel, BlockNumber *pagesPerRange,
Snapshot snapshot)
{
BrinRevmap *revmap;
Buffer meta;
BrinMetaPageData *metadata;
Page page;
meta = ReadBuffer(idxrel, BRIN_METAPAGE_BLKNO);
LockBuffer(meta, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
page = BufferGetPage(meta);
TestForOldSnapshot(snapshot, idxrel, page);
metadata = (BrinMetaPageData *) PageGetContents(page);
revmap = palloc(sizeof(BrinRevmap));
revmap->rm_irel = idxrel;
revmap->rm_pagesPerRange = metadata->pagesPerRange;
revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage = metadata->lastRevmapPage;
revmap->rm_metaBuf = meta;
revmap->rm_currBuf = InvalidBuffer;
*pagesPerRange = metadata->pagesPerRange;
LockBuffer(meta, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
return revmap;
}
/*
* Release resources associated with a revmap access object.
*/
void
brinRevmapTerminate(BrinRevmap *revmap)
{
ReleaseBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf);
if (revmap->rm_currBuf != InvalidBuffer)
ReleaseBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf);
pfree(revmap);
}
/*
* Extend the revmap to cover the given heap block number.
*/
void
brinRevmapExtend(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
BlockNumber mapBlk PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
mapBlk = revmap_extend_and_get_blkno(revmap, heapBlk);
/* Ensure the buffer we got is in the expected range */
Assert(mapBlk != InvalidBlockNumber &&
mapBlk != BRIN_METAPAGE_BLKNO &&
mapBlk <= revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage);
}
/*
* Prepare to insert an entry into the revmap; the revmap buffer in which the
* entry is to reside is locked and returned. Most callers should call
* brinRevmapExtend beforehand, as this routine does not extend the revmap if
* it's not long enough.
*
* The returned buffer is also recorded in the revmap struct; finishing that
* releases the buffer, therefore the caller needn't do it explicitly.
*/
Buffer
brinLockRevmapPageForUpdate(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
Buffer rmBuf;
rmBuf = revmap_get_buffer(revmap, heapBlk);
LockBuffer(rmBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
return rmBuf;
}
/*
* In the given revmap buffer (locked appropriately by caller), which is used
* in a BRIN index of pagesPerRange pages per range, set the element
* corresponding to heap block number heapBlk to the given TID.
*
* Once the operation is complete, the caller must update the LSN on the
* returned buffer.
*
* This is used both in regular operation and during WAL replay.
*/
void
brinSetHeapBlockItemptr(Buffer buf, BlockNumber pagesPerRange,
BlockNumber heapBlk, ItemPointerData tid)
{
RevmapContents *contents;
ItemPointerData *iptr;
Page page;
/* The correct page should already be pinned and locked */
page = BufferGetPage(buf);
contents = (RevmapContents *) PageGetContents(page);
iptr = (ItemPointerData *) contents->rm_tids;
iptr += HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_INDEX(pagesPerRange, heapBlk);
if (ItemPointerIsValid(&tid))
ItemPointerSet(iptr,
ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&tid),
ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(&tid));
else
ItemPointerSetInvalid(iptr);
}
/*
* Fetch the BrinTuple for a given heap block.
*
* The buffer containing the tuple is locked, and returned in *buf. The
* returned tuple points to the shared buffer and must not be freed; if caller
* wants to use it after releasing the buffer lock, it must create its own
* palloc'ed copy. As an optimization, the caller can pass a pinned buffer
* *buf on entry, which will avoid a pin-unpin cycle when the next tuple is on
* the same page as a previous one.
*
* If no tuple is found for the given heap range, returns NULL. In that case,
* *buf might still be updated (and pin must be released by caller), but it's
* not locked.
*
* The output tuple offset within the buffer is returned in *off, and its size
* is returned in *size.
*/
BrinTuple *
brinGetTupleForHeapBlock(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk,
Buffer *buf, OffsetNumber *off, Size *size, int mode,
Snapshot snapshot)
{
Relation idxRel = revmap->rm_irel;
BlockNumber mapBlk;
RevmapContents *contents;
ItemPointerData *iptr;
BlockNumber blk;
Page page;
ItemId lp;
BrinTuple *tup;
ItemPointerData previptr;
/* normalize the heap block number to be the first page in the range */
heapBlk = (heapBlk / revmap->rm_pagesPerRange) * revmap->rm_pagesPerRange;
/*
* Compute the revmap page number we need. If Invalid is returned (i.e.,
* the revmap page hasn't been created yet), the requested page range is
* not summarized.
*/
mapBlk = revmap_get_blkno(revmap, heapBlk);
if (mapBlk == InvalidBlockNumber)
{
*off = InvalidOffsetNumber;
return NULL;
}
ItemPointerSetInvalid(&previptr);
for (;;)
{
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
if (revmap->rm_currBuf == InvalidBuffer ||
BufferGetBlockNumber(revmap->rm_currBuf) != mapBlk)
{
if (revmap->rm_currBuf != InvalidBuffer)
ReleaseBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf);
Assert(mapBlk != InvalidBlockNumber);
revmap->rm_currBuf = ReadBuffer(revmap->rm_irel, mapBlk);
}
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
contents = (RevmapContents *)
PageGetContents(BufferGetPage(revmap->rm_currBuf));
iptr = contents->rm_tids;
iptr += HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_INDEX(revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, heapBlk);
if (!ItemPointerIsValid(iptr))
{
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
return NULL;
}
/*
* Check the TID we got in a previous iteration, if any, and save the
* current TID we got from the revmap; if we loop, we can sanity-check
* that the next one we get is different. Otherwise we might be stuck
* looping forever if the revmap is somehow badly broken.
*/
if (ItemPointerIsValid(&previptr) && ItemPointerEquals(&previptr, iptr))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INDEX_CORRUPTED),
errmsg_internal("corrupted BRIN index: inconsistent range map")));
previptr = *iptr;
blk = ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(iptr);
*off = ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr);
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
/* Ok, got a pointer to where the BrinTuple should be. Fetch it. */
if (!BufferIsValid(*buf) || BufferGetBlockNumber(*buf) != blk)
{
if (BufferIsValid(*buf))
ReleaseBuffer(*buf);
*buf = ReadBuffer(idxRel, blk);
}
LockBuffer(*buf, mode);
page = BufferGetPage(*buf);
TestForOldSnapshot(snapshot, idxRel, page);
/* If we land on a revmap page, start over */
if (BRIN_IS_REGULAR_PAGE(page))
{
/*
* If the offset number is greater than what's in the page, it's
* possible that the range was desummarized concurrently. Just
* return NULL to handle that case.
*/
if (*off > PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page))
{
LockBuffer(*buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
return NULL;
}
lp = PageGetItemId(page, *off);
if (ItemIdIsUsed(lp))
{
tup = (BrinTuple *) PageGetItem(page, lp);
if (tup->bt_blkno == heapBlk)
{
if (size)
*size = ItemIdGetLength(lp);
/* found it! */
return tup;
}
}
}
/*
* No luck. Assume that the revmap was updated concurrently.
*/
LockBuffer(*buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
}
/* not reached, but keep compiler quiet */
return NULL;
}
/*
* Delete an index tuple, marking a page range as unsummarized.
*
* Index must be locked in ShareUpdateExclusiveLock mode.
*
* Return false if caller should retry.
*/
bool
brinRevmapDesummarizeRange(Relation idxrel, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
BrinRevmap *revmap;
BlockNumber pagesPerRange;
RevmapContents *contents;
ItemPointerData *iptr;
ItemPointerData invalidIptr;
BlockNumber revmapBlk;
Buffer revmapBuf;
Buffer regBuf;
Page revmapPg;
Page regPg;
OffsetNumber revmapOffset;
OffsetNumber regOffset;
ItemId lp;
revmap = brinRevmapInitialize(idxrel, &pagesPerRange, NULL);
revmapBlk = revmap_get_blkno(revmap, heapBlk);
if (!BlockNumberIsValid(revmapBlk))
{
/* revmap page doesn't exist: range not summarized, we're done */
brinRevmapTerminate(revmap);
return true;
}
/* Lock the revmap page, obtain the index tuple pointer from it */
revmapBuf = brinLockRevmapPageForUpdate(revmap, heapBlk);
revmapPg = BufferGetPage(revmapBuf);
revmapOffset = HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_INDEX(revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, heapBlk);
contents = (RevmapContents *) PageGetContents(revmapPg);
iptr = contents->rm_tids;
iptr += revmapOffset;
if (!ItemPointerIsValid(iptr))
{
/* no index tuple: range not summarized, we're done */
LockBuffer(revmapBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
brinRevmapTerminate(revmap);
return true;
}
regBuf = ReadBuffer(idxrel, ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(iptr));
LockBuffer(regBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
regPg = BufferGetPage(regBuf);
/*
* We're only removing data, not reading it, so there's no need to
* TestForOldSnapshot here.
*/
/* if this is no longer a regular page, tell caller to start over */
if (!BRIN_IS_REGULAR_PAGE(regPg))
{
LockBuffer(revmapBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
LockBuffer(regBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
brinRevmapTerminate(revmap);
return false;
}
regOffset = ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(iptr);
if (regOffset > PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(regPg))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INDEX_CORRUPTED),
errmsg("corrupted BRIN index: inconsistent range map")));
lp = PageGetItemId(regPg, regOffset);
if (!ItemIdIsUsed(lp))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INDEX_CORRUPTED),
errmsg("corrupted BRIN index: inconsistent range map")));
/*
* Placeholder tuples only appear during unfinished summarization, and we
* hold ShareUpdateExclusiveLock, so this function cannot run concurrently
* with that. So any placeholder tuples that exist are leftovers from a
* crashed or aborted summarization; remove them silently.
*/
START_CRIT_SECTION();
ItemPointerSetInvalid(&invalidIptr);
brinSetHeapBlockItemptr(revmapBuf, revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, heapBlk,
invalidIptr);
PageIndexTupleDeleteNoCompact(regPg, regOffset);
/* XXX record free space in FSM? */
MarkBufferDirty(regBuf);
MarkBufferDirty(revmapBuf);
if (RelationNeedsWAL(idxrel))
{
xl_brin_desummarize xlrec;
XLogRecPtr recptr;
xlrec.pagesPerRange = revmap->rm_pagesPerRange;
xlrec.heapBlk = heapBlk;
xlrec.regOffset = regOffset;
XLogBeginInsert();
XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfBrinDesummarize);
XLogRegisterBuffer(0, revmapBuf, 0);
XLogRegisterBuffer(1, regBuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
recptr = XLogInsert(RM_BRIN_ID, XLOG_BRIN_DESUMMARIZE);
PageSetLSN(revmapPg, recptr);
PageSetLSN(regPg, recptr);
}
END_CRIT_SECTION();
UnlockReleaseBuffer(regBuf);
LockBuffer(revmapBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
brinRevmapTerminate(revmap);
return true;
}
/*
* Given a heap block number, find the corresponding physical revmap block
* number and return it. If the revmap page hasn't been allocated yet, return
* InvalidBlockNumber.
*/
static BlockNumber
revmap_get_blkno(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
BlockNumber targetblk;
/* obtain revmap block number, skip 1 for metapage block */
targetblk = HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_BLK(revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, heapBlk) + 1;
/* Normal case: the revmap page is already allocated */
if (targetblk <= revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage)
return targetblk;
return InvalidBlockNumber;
}
/*
* Obtain and return a buffer containing the revmap page for the given heap
* page. The revmap must have been previously extended to cover that page.
* The returned buffer is also recorded in the revmap struct; finishing that
* releases the buffer, therefore the caller needn't do it explicitly.
*/
static Buffer
revmap_get_buffer(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
BlockNumber mapBlk;
/* Translate the heap block number to physical index location. */
mapBlk = revmap_get_blkno(revmap, heapBlk);
if (mapBlk == InvalidBlockNumber)
elog(ERROR, "revmap does not cover heap block %u", heapBlk);
/* Ensure the buffer we got is in the expected range */
Assert(mapBlk != BRIN_METAPAGE_BLKNO &&
mapBlk <= revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage);
/*
* Obtain the buffer from which we need to read. If we already have the
* correct buffer in our access struct, use that; otherwise, release that,
* (if valid) and read the one we need.
*/
if (revmap->rm_currBuf == InvalidBuffer ||
mapBlk != BufferGetBlockNumber(revmap->rm_currBuf))
{
if (revmap->rm_currBuf != InvalidBuffer)
ReleaseBuffer(revmap->rm_currBuf);
revmap->rm_currBuf = ReadBuffer(revmap->rm_irel, mapBlk);
}
return revmap->rm_currBuf;
}
/*
* Given a heap block number, find the corresponding physical revmap block
* number and return it. If the revmap page hasn't been allocated yet, extend
* the revmap until it is.
*/
static BlockNumber
revmap_extend_and_get_blkno(BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber heapBlk)
{
BlockNumber targetblk;
/* obtain revmap block number, skip 1 for metapage block */
targetblk = HEAPBLK_TO_REVMAP_BLK(revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, heapBlk) + 1;
/* Extend the revmap, if necessary */
while (targetblk > revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage)
{
CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
revmap_physical_extend(revmap);
}
return targetblk;
}
/*
* Try to extend the revmap by one page. This might not happen for a number of
* reasons; caller is expected to retry until the expected outcome is obtained.
*/
static void
revmap_physical_extend(BrinRevmap *revmap)
{
Buffer buf;
Page page;
Page metapage;
BrinMetaPageData *metadata;
BlockNumber mapBlk;
BlockNumber nblocks;
Relation irel = revmap->rm_irel;
bool needLock = !RELATION_IS_LOCAL(irel);
/*
* Lock the metapage. This locks out concurrent extensions of the revmap,
* but note that we still need to grab the relation extension lock because
* another backend can extend the index with regular BRIN pages.
*/
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
metapage = BufferGetPage(revmap->rm_metaBuf);
metadata = (BrinMetaPageData *) PageGetContents(metapage);
/*
* Check that our cached lastRevmapPage value was up-to-date; if it
* wasn't, update the cached copy and have caller start over.
*/
if (metadata->lastRevmapPage != revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage)
{
revmap->rm_lastRevmapPage = metadata->lastRevmapPage;
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
return;
}
mapBlk = metadata->lastRevmapPage + 1;
nblocks = RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(irel);
if (mapBlk < nblocks)
{
buf = ReadBuffer(irel, mapBlk);
LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
page = BufferGetPage(buf);
}
else
{
if (needLock)
LockRelationForExtension(irel, ExclusiveLock);
buf = ReadBuffer(irel, P_NEW);
if (BufferGetBlockNumber(buf) != mapBlk)
{
/*
* Very rare corner case: somebody extended the relation
* concurrently after we read its length. If this happens, give
* up and have caller start over. We will have to evacuate that
* page from under whoever is using it.
*/
if (needLock)
UnlockRelationForExtension(irel, ExclusiveLock);
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
ReleaseBuffer(buf);
return;
}
LockBuffer(buf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
page = BufferGetPage(buf);
if (needLock)
UnlockRelationForExtension(irel, ExclusiveLock);
}
/* Check that it's a regular block (or an empty page) */
if (!PageIsNew(page) && !BRIN_IS_REGULAR_PAGE(page))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INDEX_CORRUPTED),
errmsg("unexpected page type 0x%04X in BRIN index \"%s\" block %u",
BrinPageType(page),
RelationGetRelationName(irel),
BufferGetBlockNumber(buf))));
/* If the page is in use, evacuate it and restart */
if (brin_start_evacuating_page(irel, buf))
{
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
brin_evacuate_page(irel, revmap->rm_pagesPerRange, revmap, buf);
/* have caller start over */
return;
}
/*
* Ok, we have now locked the metapage and the target block. Re-initialize
* the target block as a revmap page, and update the metapage.
*/
START_CRIT_SECTION();
/* the rm_tids array is initialized to all invalid by PageInit */
brin_page_init(page, BRIN_PAGETYPE_REVMAP);
MarkBufferDirty(buf);
metadata->lastRevmapPage = mapBlk;
/*
* Set pd_lower just past the end of the metadata. This is essential,
* because without doing so, metadata will be lost if xlog.c compresses
* the page. (We must do this here because pre-v11 versions of PG did not
* set the metapage's pd_lower correctly, so a pg_upgraded index might
* contain the wrong value.)
*/
((PageHeader) metapage)->pd_lower =
((char *) metadata + sizeof(BrinMetaPageData)) - (char *) metapage;
MarkBufferDirty(revmap->rm_metaBuf);
if (RelationNeedsWAL(revmap->rm_irel))
{
xl_brin_revmap_extend xlrec;
XLogRecPtr recptr;
xlrec.targetBlk = mapBlk;
XLogBeginInsert();
XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfBrinRevmapExtend);
XLogRegisterBuffer(0, revmap->rm_metaBuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
XLogRegisterBuffer(1, buf, REGBUF_WILL_INIT);
recptr = XLogInsert(RM_BRIN_ID, XLOG_BRIN_REVMAP_EXTEND);
PageSetLSN(metapage, recptr);
PageSetLSN(page, recptr);
}
END_CRIT_SECTION();
LockBuffer(revmap->rm_metaBuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
UnlockReleaseBuffer(buf);
}
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