Adding upstream version 15.5.upstream/15.5

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
author: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> 2024-05-04 12:17:33 +0000
committer: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org> 2024-05-04 12:17:33 +0000
commit: 5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed (patch)
tree: 739caf8c461053357daa9f162bef34516c7bf452 /doc/src/sgml/html/sql-grant.html
parent: Initial commit. (diff)
download: postgresql-15-5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed.tar.xz
postgresql-15-5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed.zip
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>GRANT</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-fetch.html" title="FETCH" /><link rel="next" href="sql-importforeignschema.html" title="IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">GRANT</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-fetch.html" title="FETCH">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-importforeignschema.html" title="IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-GRANT"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.150.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">GRANT</span></h2><p>GRANT — define access privileges</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
+GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
+    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON { [ TABLE ] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [, ...]
+         | ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( <em class="replaceable"><code>column_name</code></em> [, ...] )
+    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>column_name</code></em> [, ...] ) }
+    ON [ TABLE ] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
+    [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON { SEQUENCE <em class="replaceable"><code>sequence_name</code></em> [, ...]
+         | ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON DATABASE <em class="replaceable"><code>database_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON DOMAIN <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <em class="replaceable"><code>fdw_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON FOREIGN SERVER <em class="replaceable"><code>server_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON { { FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | ROUTINE } <em class="replaceable"><code>routine_name</code></em> [ ( [ [ <em class="replaceable"><code>argmode</code></em> ] [ <em class="replaceable"><code>arg_name</code></em> ] <em class="replaceable"><code>arg_type</code></em> [, ...] ] ) ] [, ...]
+         | ALL { FUNCTIONS | PROCEDURES | ROUTINES } IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON LANGUAGE <em class="replaceable"><code>lang_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON LARGE OBJECT <em class="replaceable"><code>loid</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { SET | ALTER SYSTEM } [, ... ] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON PARAMETER <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration_parameter</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON TABLESPACE <em class="replaceable"><code>tablespace_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
+    ON TYPE <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em> [, ...]
+    TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+GRANT <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> [, ...] TO <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
+    [ WITH ADMIN OPTION ]
+    [ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
+
+<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> can be:</span>
+
+    [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em>
+  | PUBLIC
+  | CURRENT_ROLE
+  | CURRENT_USER
+  | SESSION_USER
+</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-GRANT-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>
+   The <code class="command">GRANT</code> command has two basic variants: one
+   that grants privileges on a database object (table, column, view,
+   foreign table, sequence, database, foreign-data wrapper, foreign server,
+   function, procedure, procedural language, large object, configuration
+   parameter, schema, tablespace, or type), and one that grants
+   membership in a role.  These variants are similar in many ways, but
+   they are different enough to be described separately.
+  </p><div class="refsect2" id="SQL-GRANT-DESCRIPTION-OBJECTS"><h3>GRANT on Database Objects</h3><p>
+   This variant of the <code class="command">GRANT</code> command gives specific
+   privileges on a database object to
+   one or more roles.  These privileges are added
+   to those already granted, if any.
+  </p><p>
+   The key word <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> indicates that the
+   privileges are to be granted to all roles, including those that might
+   be created later.  <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> can be thought of as an
+   implicitly defined group that always includes all roles.
+   Any particular role will have the sum
+   of privileges granted directly to it, privileges granted to any role it
+   is presently a member of, and privileges granted to
+   <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code>.
+  </p><p>
+   If <code class="literal">WITH GRANT OPTION</code> is specified, the recipient
+   of the privilege can in turn grant it to others.  Without a grant
+   option, the recipient cannot do that.  Grant options cannot be granted
+   to <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code>.
+  </p><p>
+   If <code class="literal">GRANTED BY</code> is specified, the specified grantor must
+   be the current user.  This clause is currently present in this form only
+   for SQL compatibility.
+  </p><p>
+   There is no need to grant privileges to the owner of an object
+   (usually the user that created it),
+   as the owner has all privileges by default.  (The owner could,
+   however, choose to revoke some of their own privileges for safety.)
+  </p><p>
+   The right to drop an object, or to alter its definition in any way, is
+   not treated as a grantable privilege; it is inherent in the owner,
+   and cannot be granted or revoked.  (However, a similar effect can be
+   obtained by granting or revoking membership in the role that owns
+   the object; see below.)  The owner implicitly has all grant
+   options for the object, too.
+  </p><p>
+   The possible privileges are:
+
+   </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">SELECT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">INSERT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">UPDATE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">DELETE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">REFERENCES</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">TRIGGER</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">CREATE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">CONNECT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">TEMPORARY</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">EXECUTE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">USAGE</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">SET</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">ALTER SYSTEM</code></span></dt><dd><p>
+       Specific types of privileges, as defined in <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a>.
+      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">TEMP</code></span></dt><dd><p>
+       Alternative spelling for <code class="literal">TEMPORARY</code>.
+      </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">ALL PRIVILEGES</code></span></dt><dd><p>
+       Grant all of the privileges available for the object's type.
+       The <code class="literal">PRIVILEGES</code> key word is optional in
+       <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>, though it is required by
+       strict SQL.
+      </p></dd></dl></div><p>
+  </p><p>
+   The <code class="literal">FUNCTION</code> syntax works for plain functions,
+   aggregate functions, and window functions, but not for procedures;
+   use <code class="literal">PROCEDURE</code> for those.
+   Alternatively, use <code class="literal">ROUTINE</code> to refer to a function,
+   aggregate function, window function, or procedure regardless of its
+   precise type.
+  </p><p>
+   There is also an option to grant privileges on all objects of the same
+   type within one or more schemas.  This functionality is currently supported
+   only for tables, sequences, functions, and procedures.  <code class="literal">ALL
+   TABLES</code> also affects views and foreign tables, just like the
+   specific-object <code class="command">GRANT</code> command.  <code class="literal">ALL
+   FUNCTIONS</code> also affects aggregate and window functions, but not
+   procedures, again just like the specific-object <code class="command">GRANT</code>
+   command.  Use <code class="literal">ALL ROUTINES</code> to include procedures.
+  </p></div><div class="refsect2" id="SQL-GRANT-DESCRIPTION-ROLES"><h3>GRANT on Roles</h3><p>
+   This variant of the <code class="command">GRANT</code> command grants membership
+   in a role to one or more other roles.  Membership in a role is significant
+   because it conveys the privileges granted to a role to each of its
+   members.
+  </p><p>
+   If <code class="literal">WITH ADMIN OPTION</code> is specified, the member can
+   in turn grant membership in the role to others, and revoke membership
+   in the role as well.  Without the admin option, ordinary users cannot
+   do that.  A role is not considered to hold <code class="literal">WITH ADMIN
+   OPTION</code> on itself.  Database superusers can grant or revoke
+   membership in any role to anyone.  Roles having
+   <code class="literal">CREATEROLE</code> privilege can grant or revoke membership
+   in any role that is not a superuser.
+  </p><p>
+   If <code class="literal">GRANTED BY</code> is specified, the grant is recorded as
+   having been done by the specified role.  Only database superusers may
+   use this option, except when it names the same role executing the command.
+  </p><p>
+   Unlike the case with privileges, membership in a role cannot be granted
+   to <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code>.  Note also that this form of the command
+   does not allow the noise word <code class="literal">GROUP</code>
+   in <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em>.
+  </p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-GRANT-NOTES"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
+    The <a class="link" href="sql-revoke.html" title="REVOKE"><code class="command">REVOKE</code></a> command is used
+    to revoke access privileges.
+   </p><p>
+    Since <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 8.1, the concepts of users and
+    groups have been unified into a single kind of entity called a role.
+    It is therefore no longer necessary to use the keyword <code class="literal">GROUP</code>
+    to identify whether a grantee is a user or a group.  <code class="literal">GROUP</code>
+    is still allowed in the command, but it is a noise word.
+   </p><p>
+    A user may perform <code class="command">SELECT</code>, <code class="command">INSERT</code>, etc. on a
+    column if they hold that privilege for either the specific column or
+    its whole table.  Granting the privilege at the table level and then
+    revoking it for one column will not do what one might wish: the
+    table-level grant is unaffected by a column-level operation.
+   </p><p>
+    When a non-owner of an object attempts to <code class="command">GRANT</code> privileges
+    on the object, the command will fail outright if the user has no
+    privileges whatsoever on the object.  As long as some privilege is
+    available, the command will proceed, but it will grant only those
+    privileges for which the user has grant options.  The <code class="command">GRANT ALL
+    PRIVILEGES</code> forms will issue a warning message if no grant options are
+    held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for
+    any of the privileges specifically named in the command are not held.
+    (In principle these statements apply to the object owner as well, but
+    since the owner is always treated as holding all grant options, the
+    cases can never occur.)
+   </p><p>
+    It should be noted that database superusers can access
+    all objects regardless of object privilege settings.  This
+    is comparable to the rights of <code class="literal">root</code> in a Unix system.
+    As with <code class="literal">root</code>, it's unwise to operate as a superuser
+    except when absolutely necessary.
+   </p><p>
+    If a superuser chooses to issue a <code class="command">GRANT</code> or <code class="command">REVOKE</code>
+    command, the command is performed as though it were issued by the
+    owner of the affected object.  In particular, privileges granted via
+    such a command will appear to have been granted by the object owner.
+    (For role membership, the membership appears to have been granted
+    by the containing role itself.)
+   </p><p>
+    <code class="command">GRANT</code> and <code class="command">REVOKE</code> can also be done by a role
+    that is not the owner of the affected object, but is a member of the role
+    that owns the object, or is a member of a role that holds privileges
+    <code class="literal">WITH GRANT OPTION</code> on the object.  In this case the
+    privileges will be recorded as having been granted by the role that
+    actually owns the object or holds the privileges
+    <code class="literal">WITH GRANT OPTION</code>.  For example, if table
+    <code class="literal">t1</code> is owned by role <code class="literal">g1</code>, of which role
+    <code class="literal">u1</code> is a member, then <code class="literal">u1</code> can grant privileges
+    on <code class="literal">t1</code> to <code class="literal">u2</code>, but those privileges will appear
+    to have been granted directly by <code class="literal">g1</code>.  Any other member
+    of role <code class="literal">g1</code> could revoke them later.
+   </p><p>
+    If the role executing <code class="command">GRANT</code> holds the required privileges
+    indirectly via more than one role membership path, it is unspecified
+    which containing role will be recorded as having done the grant.  In such
+    cases it is best practice to use <code class="command">SET ROLE</code> to become the
+    specific role you want to do the <code class="command">GRANT</code> as.
+   </p><p>
+    Granting permission on a table does not automatically extend
+    permissions to any sequences used by the table, including
+    sequences tied to <code class="type">SERIAL</code> columns.  Permissions on
+    sequences must be set separately.
+   </p><p>
+    See <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a> for more information about specific
+    privilege types, as well as how to inspect objects' privileges.
+   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-GRANT-EXAMPLES"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
+   Grant insert privilege to all users on table <code class="literal">films</code>:
+
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+GRANT INSERT ON films TO PUBLIC;
+</pre><p>
+  </p><p>
+   Grant all available privileges to user <code class="literal">manuel</code> on view
+   <code class="literal">kinds</code>:
+
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON kinds TO manuel;
+</pre><p>
+
+   Note that while the above will indeed grant all privileges if executed by a
+   superuser or the owner of <code class="literal">kinds</code>, when executed by someone
+   else it will only grant those permissions for which the someone else has
+   grant options.
+  </p><p>
+   Grant membership in role <code class="literal">admins</code> to user <code class="literal">joe</code>:
+
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+GRANT admins TO joe;
+</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-GRANT-COMPATIBILITY"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
+    According to the SQL standard, the <code class="literal">PRIVILEGES</code>
+    key word in <code class="literal">ALL PRIVILEGES</code> is required.  The
+    SQL standard does not support setting the privileges on more than
+    one object per command.
+   </p><p>
+    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> allows an object owner to revoke their
+    own ordinary privileges: for example, a table owner can make the table
+    read-only to themselves by revoking their own <code class="literal">INSERT</code>,
+    <code class="literal">UPDATE</code>, <code class="literal">DELETE</code>, and <code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code>
+    privileges.  This is not possible according to the SQL standard.  The
+    reason is that <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> treats the owner's
+    privileges as having been granted by the owner to themselves; therefore they
+    can revoke them too.  In the SQL standard, the owner's privileges are
+    granted by an assumed entity <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">_SYSTEM</span>”</span>.  Not being
+    <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">_SYSTEM</span>”</span>, the owner cannot revoke these rights.
+   </p><p>
+    According to the SQL standard, grant options can be granted to
+    <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code>; PostgreSQL only supports granting grant options
+    to roles.
+   </p><p>
+    The SQL standard allows the <code class="literal">GRANTED BY</code> option to
+    specify only <code class="literal">CURRENT_USER</code> or
+    <code class="literal">CURRENT_ROLE</code>.  The other variants are PostgreSQL
+    extensions.
+   </p><p>
+    The SQL standard provides for a <code class="literal">USAGE</code> privilege
+    on other kinds of objects: character sets, collations,
+    translations.
+   </p><p>
+    In the SQL standard, sequences only have a <code class="literal">USAGE</code>
+    privilege, which controls the use of the <code class="literal">NEXT VALUE FOR</code>
+    expression, which is equivalent to the
+    function <code class="function">nextval</code> in PostgreSQL.  The sequence
+    privileges <code class="literal">SELECT</code> and <code class="literal">UPDATE</code> are
+    PostgreSQL extensions.  The application of the
+    sequence <code class="literal">USAGE</code> privilege to
+    the <code class="literal">currval</code> function is also a PostgreSQL extension (as
+    is the function itself).
+   </p><p>
+    Privileges on databases, tablespaces, schemas, languages, and
+    configuration parameters are
+    <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> extensions.
+   </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.150.9"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-revoke.html" title="REVOKE"><span class="refentrytitle">REVOKE</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html" title="ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES"><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-fetch.html" title="FETCH">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-importforeignschema.html" title="IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">FETCH </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
+\ No newline at end of file
author	Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>	2024-05-04 12:17:33 +0000
committer	Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>	2024-05-04 12:17:33 +0000
commit	5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed (patch)
tree	739caf8c461053357daa9f162bef34516c7bf452 /doc/src/sgml/html/sql-grant.html
parent	Initial commit. (diff)
download	postgresql-15-5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed.tar.xz postgresql-15-5e45211a64149b3c659b90ff2de6fa982a5a93ed.zip