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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c0034d --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/app-pgrestore.html @@ -0,0 +1,504 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_restore</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical" /><link rel="next" href="app-pgverifybackup.html" title="pg_verifybackup" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span class="application">pg_restore</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgverifybackup.html" title="pg_verifybackup">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PGRESTORE"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.18.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_restore</span></span></h2><p>pg_restore — + restore a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database from an + archive file created by <span class="application">pg_dump</span> + </p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.18.4.1"><code class="command">pg_restore</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p> + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> is a utility for restoring a + <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database from an archive + created by <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></span></a> in one of the non-plain-text + formats. It will issue the commands necessary to reconstruct the + database to the state it was in at the time it was saved. The + archive files also allow <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to + be selective about what is restored, or even to reorder the items + prior to being restored. The archive files are designed to be + portable across architectures. + </p><p> + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> can operate in two modes. + If a database name is specified, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> + connects to that database and restores archive contents directly into + the database. Otherwise, a script containing the SQL + commands necessary to rebuild the database is created and written + to a file or standard output. This script output is equivalent to + the plain text output format of <span class="application">pg_dump</span>. + Some of the options controlling the output are therefore analogous to + <span class="application">pg_dump</span> options. + </p><p> + Obviously, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> cannot restore information + that is not present in the archive file. For instance, if the + archive was made using the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dump data as + <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands</span>”</span> option, + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> will not be able to load the data + using <code class="command">COPY</code> statements. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-OPTIONS"><h2>Options</h2><p> + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> accepts the following command + line arguments. + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies the location of the archive file (or directory, for a + directory-format archive) to be restored. + If not specified, the standard input is used. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-a</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--data-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore only the data, not the schema (data definitions). + Table data, large objects, and sequence values are restored, + if present in the archive. + </p><p> + This option is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical + to, specifying <code class="option">--section=data</code>. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-c</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--clean</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Before restoring database objects, issue commands + to <code class="command">DROP</code> all the objects that will be restored. + This option is useful for overwriting an existing database. + If any of the objects do not exist in the destination database, + ignorable error messages will be reported, + unless <code class="option">--if-exists</code> is also specified. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-C</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--create</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Create the database before restoring into it. + If <code class="option">--clean</code> is also specified, drop and + recreate the target database before connecting to it. + </p><p> + With <code class="option">--create</code>, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> + also restores the database's comment if any, and any configuration + variable settings that are specific to this database, that is, + any <code class="command">ALTER DATABASE ... SET ...</code> + and <code class="command">ALTER ROLE ... IN DATABASE ... SET ...</code> + commands that mention this database. + Access privileges for the database itself are also restored, + unless <code class="option">--no-acl</code> is specified. + </p><p> + When this option is used, the database named with <code class="option">-d</code> + is used only to issue the initial <code class="command">DROP DATABASE</code> and + <code class="command">CREATE DATABASE</code> commands. All data is restored into the + database name that appears in the archive. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--dbname=<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Connect to database <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em> and restore directly + into the database. The <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em> can + be a <a class="link" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING" title="34.1.1. Connection Strings">connection string</a>. + If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting + command line options. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-e</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--exit-on-error</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Exit if an error is encountered while sending SQL commands to + the database. The default is to continue and to display a count of + errors at the end of the restoration. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--file=<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specify output file for generated script, or for the listing + when used with <code class="option">-l</code>. Use <code class="literal">-</code> + for <span class="systemitem">stdout</span>. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-F <em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--format=<em class="replaceable"><code>format</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specify format of the archive. It is not necessary to specify + the format, since <span class="application">pg_restore</span> will + determine the format automatically. If specified, it can be + one of the following: + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">c</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">custom</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The archive is in the custom format of + <span class="application">pg_dump</span>. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">d</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">directory</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The archive is a directory archive. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">t</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">tar</code></span></dt><dd><p> + The archive is a <code class="command">tar</code> archive. + </p></dd></dl></div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>index</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--index=<em class="replaceable"><code>index</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore definition of named index only. Multiple indexes + may be specified with multiple <code class="option">-I</code> switches. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>number-of-jobs</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--jobs=<em class="replaceable"><code>number-of-jobs</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Run the most time-consuming steps + of <span class="application">pg_restore</span> — those that load data, + create indexes, or create constraints — concurrently, using up + to <em class="replaceable"><code>number-of-jobs</code></em> + concurrent sessions. This option can dramatically reduce the time + to restore a large database to a server running on a + multiprocessor machine. This option is ignored when emitting a script + rather than connecting directly to a database server. + </p><p> + Each job is one process or one thread, depending on the + operating system, and uses a separate connection to the + server. + </p><p> + The optimal value for this option depends on the hardware + setup of the server, of the client, and of the network. + Factors include the number of CPU cores and the disk setup. A + good place to start is the number of CPU cores on the server, + but values larger than that can also lead to faster restore + times in many cases. Of course, values that are too high will + lead to decreased performance because of thrashing. + </p><p> + Only the custom and directory archive formats are supported + with this option. + The input must be a regular file or directory (not, for example, a + pipe or standard input). Also, multiple + jobs cannot be used together with the + option <code class="option">--single-transaction</code>. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-l</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--list</code></span></dt><dd><p> + List the table of contents of the archive. The output of this operation + can be used as input to the <code class="option">-L</code> option. Note that + if filtering switches such as <code class="option">-n</code> or <code class="option">-t</code> are + used with <code class="option">-l</code>, they will restrict the items listed. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>list-file</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--use-list=<em class="replaceable"><code>list-file</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore only those archive elements that are listed in <em class="replaceable"><code>list-file</code></em>, and restore them in the + order they appear in the file. Note that + if filtering switches such as <code class="option">-n</code> or <code class="option">-t</code> are + used with <code class="option">-L</code>, they will further restrict the items restored. + </p><p><em class="replaceable"><code>list-file</code></em> is normally created by + editing the output of a previous <code class="option">-l</code> operation. + Lines can be moved or removed, and can also + be commented out by placing a semicolon (<code class="literal">;</code>) at the + start of the line. See below for examples. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--schema=<em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore only objects that are in the named schema. Multiple schemas + may be specified with multiple <code class="option">-n</code> switches. This can be + combined with the <code class="option">-t</code> option to restore just a + specific table. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--exclude-schema=<em class="replaceable"><code>schema</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not restore objects that are in the named schema. Multiple schemas + to be excluded may be specified with multiple <code class="option">-N</code> switches. + </p><p> + When both <code class="option">-n</code> and <code class="option">-N</code> are given for the same + schema name, the <code class="option">-N</code> switch wins and the schema is excluded. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-O</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-owner</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to set + ownership of objects to match the original database. + By default, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> issues + <code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> or + <code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code> + statements to set ownership of created schema elements. + These statements will fail unless the initial connection to the + database is made by a superuser + (or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script). + With <code class="option">-O</code>, any user name can be used for the + initial connection, and this user will own all the created objects. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-P <em class="replaceable"><code>function-name(argtype [, ...])</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--function=<em class="replaceable"><code>function-name(argtype [, ...])</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore the named function only. Be careful to spell the function + name and arguments exactly as they appear in the dump file's table + of contents. Multiple functions may be specified with multiple + <code class="option">-P</code> switches. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-R</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-reconnect</code></span></dt><dd><p> + This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards + compatibility. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-s</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--schema-only</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore only the schema (data definitions), not data, + to the extent that schema entries are present in the archive. + </p><p> + This option is the inverse of <code class="option">--data-only</code>. + It is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical to, + specifying + <code class="option">--section=pre-data --section=post-data</code>. + </p><p> + (Do not confuse this with the <code class="option">--schema</code> option, which + uses the word <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">schema</span>”</span> in a different meaning.) + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--superuser=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers. + This is relevant only if <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code> is used. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--table=<em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore definition and/or data of only the named table. + For this purpose, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">table</span>”</span> includes views, materialized views, + sequences, and foreign tables. Multiple tables + can be selected by writing multiple <code class="option">-t</code> switches. + This option can be combined with the <code class="option">-n</code> option to + specify table(s) in a particular schema. + </p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + When <code class="option">-t</code> is specified, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> + makes no attempt to restore any other database objects that the + selected table(s) might depend upon. Therefore, there is no + guarantee that a specific-table restore into a clean database will + succeed. + </p></div><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + This flag does not behave identically to the <code class="option">-t</code> + flag of <span class="application">pg_dump</span>. There is not currently + any provision for wild-card matching in <span class="application">pg_restore</span>, + nor can you include a schema name within its <code class="option">-t</code>. + And, while <span class="application">pg_dump</span>'s <code class="option">-t</code> + flag will also dump subsidiary objects (such as indexes) of the + selected table(s), + <span class="application">pg_restore</span>'s <code class="option">-t</code> + flag does not include such subsidiary objects. + </p></div><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> + In versions prior to <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 9.6, this flag + matched only tables, not any other type of relation. + </p></div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>trigger</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--trigger=<em class="replaceable"><code>trigger</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Restore named trigger only. Multiple triggers may be specified with + multiple <code class="option">-T</code> switches. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-v</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--verbose</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies verbose mode. This will cause + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to output detailed object + comments and start/stop times to the output file, and progress + messages to standard error. + Repeating the option causes additional debug-level messages + to appear on standard error. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-V</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Print the <span class="application">pg_restore</span> version and exit. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-x</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-privileges</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-acl</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Prevent restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke commands). + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-1</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--single-transaction</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Execute the restore as a single transaction (that is, wrap the + emitted commands in <code class="command">BEGIN</code>/<code class="command">COMMIT</code>). This + ensures that either all the commands complete successfully, or no + changes are applied. This option implies + <code class="option">--exit-on-error</code>. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--disable-triggers</code></span></dt><dd><p> + This option is relevant only when performing a data-only restore. + It instructs <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to execute commands + to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while + the data is restored. Use this if you have referential + integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you + do not want to invoke during data restore. + </p><p> + Presently, the commands emitted for + <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code> must be done as superuser. So you + should also specify a superuser name with <code class="option">-S</code> or, + preferably, run <span class="application">pg_restore</span> as a + <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> superuser. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--enable-row-security</code></span></dt><dd><p> + This option is relevant only when restoring the contents of a table + which has row security. By default, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> will set + <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-ROW-SECURITY">row_security</a> to off, to ensure + that all data is restored in to the table. If the user does not have + sufficient privileges to bypass row security, then an error is thrown. + This parameter instructs <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to set + <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-client.html#GUC-ROW-SECURITY">row_security</a> to on instead, allowing the user to attempt to restore + the contents of the table with row security enabled. This might still + fail if the user does not have the right to insert the rows from the + dump into the table. + </p><p> + Note that this option currently also requires the dump be in <code class="command">INSERT</code> + format, as <code class="command">COPY FROM</code> does not support row security. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--if-exists</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Use <code class="literal">DROP ... IF EXISTS</code> commands to drop objects + in <code class="option">--clean</code> mode. This suppresses <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">does not + exist</span>”</span> errors that might otherwise be reported. This + option is not valid unless <code class="option">--clean</code> is also + specified. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-comments</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to restore comments, even if the archive + contains them. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-data-for-failed-tables</code></span></dt><dd><p> + By default, table data is restored even if the creation command + for the table failed (e.g., because it already exists). + With this option, data for such a table is skipped. + This behavior is useful if the target database already + contains the desired table contents. For example, + auxiliary tables for <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> extensions + such as <span class="productname">PostGIS</span> might already be loaded in + the target database; specifying this option prevents duplicate + or obsolete data from being loaded into them. + </p><p> + This option is effective only when restoring directly into a + database, not when producing SQL script output. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-publications</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to restore publications, even if the archive + contains them. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-security-labels</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to restore security labels, + even if the archive contains them. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-subscriptions</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to restore subscriptions, even if the archive + contains them. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-table-access-method</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to select table access methods. + With this option, all objects will be created with whichever + access method is the default during restore. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-tablespaces</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Do not output commands to select tablespaces. + With this option, all objects will be created in whichever + tablespace is the default during restore. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--section=<em class="replaceable"><code>sectionname</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Only restore the named section. The section name can be + <code class="option">pre-data</code>, <code class="option">data</code>, or <code class="option">post-data</code>. + This option can be specified more than once to select multiple + sections. The default is to restore all sections. + </p><p> + The data section contains actual table data as well as large-object + definitions. + Post-data items consist of definitions of indexes, triggers, rules + and constraints other than validated check constraints. + Pre-data items consist of all other data definition items. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--strict-names</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Require that each schema + (<code class="option">-n</code>/<code class="option">--schema</code>) and table + (<code class="option">-t</code>/<code class="option">--table</code>) qualifier match at + least one schema/table in the backup file. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--use-set-session-authorization</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Output SQL-standard <code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code> commands + instead of <code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> commands to determine object + ownership. This makes the dump more standards-compatible, but + depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore + properly. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Show help about <span class="application">pg_restore</span> command line + arguments, and exit. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + </p><p> + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> also accepts + the following command line arguments for connection parameters: + + </p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-h <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--host=<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is + running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the + directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken + from the <code class="envar">PGHOST</code> environment variable, if set, + else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--port=<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file + extension on which the server is listening for connections. + Defaults to the <code class="envar">PGPORT</code> environment variable, if + set, or a compiled-in default. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--username=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + User name to connect as. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-w</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-password</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires + password authentication and a password is not available by + other means such as a <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> file, the + connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in + batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a + password. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-W</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--password</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Force <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to prompt for a + password before connecting to a database. + </p><p> + This option is never essential, since + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> will automatically prompt + for a password if the server demands password authentication. + However, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> will waste a + connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password. + In some cases it is worth typing <code class="option">-W</code> to avoid the extra + connection attempt. + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--role=<em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies a role name to be used to perform the restore. + This option causes <span class="application">pg_restore</span> to issue a + <code class="command">SET ROLE</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em> + command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the + authenticated user (specified by <code class="option">-U</code>) lacks privileges + needed by <span class="application">pg_restore</span>, but can switch to a role with + the required rights. Some installations have a policy against + logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows + restores to be performed without violating the policy. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.18.7"><h2>Environment</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGHOST</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGOPTIONS</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGPORT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGUSER</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Default connection parameters + </p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PG_COLOR</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values + are <code class="literal">always</code>, <code class="literal">auto</code> and + <code class="literal">never</code>. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + This utility, like most other <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> utilities, + also uses the environment variables supported by <span class="application">libpq</span> + (see <a class="xref" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.15. Environment Variables">Section 34.15</a>). However, it does not read + <code class="envar">PGDATABASE</code> when a database name is not supplied. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-DIAGNOSTICS"><h2>Diagnostics</h2><p> + When a direct database connection is specified using the + <code class="option">-d</code> option, <span class="application">pg_restore</span> + internally executes <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> statements. If you have + problems running <span class="application">pg_restore</span>, make sure + you are able to select information from the database using, for + example, <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a>. Also, any default connection + settings and environment variables used by the + <span class="application">libpq</span> front-end library will apply. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-NOTES"><h2>Notes</h2><p> + If your installation has any local additions to the + <code class="literal">template1</code> database, be careful to load the output of + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> into a truly empty database; + otherwise you are likely to get errors due to duplicate definitions + of the added objects. To make an empty database without any local + additions, copy from <code class="literal">template0</code> not <code class="literal">template1</code>, for example: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0; +</pre><p> + </p><p> + The limitations of <span class="application">pg_restore</span> are detailed below. + + </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> + When restoring data to a pre-existing table and the option + <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code> is used, + <span class="application">pg_restore</span> emits commands + to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data, then emits commands to + re-enable them after the data has been inserted. If the restore is stopped in the + middle, the system catalogs might be left in the wrong state. + </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="application">pg_restore</span> cannot restore large objects + selectively; for instance, only those for a specific table. If + an archive contains large objects, then all large objects will be + restored, or none of them if they are excluded via <code class="option">-L</code>, + <code class="option">-t</code>, or other options. + </p></li></ul></div><p> + </p><p> + See also the <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></span></a> documentation for details on + limitations of <span class="application">pg_dump</span>. + </p><p> + Once restored, it is wise to run <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> on each + restored table so the optimizer has useful statistics; see + <a class="xref" href="routine-vacuuming.html#VACUUM-FOR-STATISTICS" title="25.1.3. Updating Planner Statistics">Section 25.1.3</a> and + <a class="xref" href="routine-vacuuming.html#AUTOVACUUM" title="25.1.6. The Autovacuum Daemon">Section 25.1.6</a> for more information. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PGRESTORE-EXAMPLES"><h2>Examples</h2><p> + Assume we have dumped a database called <code class="literal">mydb</code> into a + custom-format dump file: + +</p><pre class="screen"> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_dump -Fc mydb > db.dump</code></strong> +</pre><p> + </p><p> + To drop the database and recreate it from the dump: + +</p><pre class="screen"> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>dropdb mydb</code></strong> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_restore -C -d postgres db.dump</code></strong> +</pre><p> + + The database named in the <code class="option">-d</code> switch can be any database existing + in the cluster; <span class="application">pg_restore</span> only uses it to issue the + <code class="command">CREATE DATABASE</code> command for <code class="literal">mydb</code>. With + <code class="option">-C</code>, data is always restored into the database name that appears + in the dump file. + </p><p> + To restore the dump into a new database called <code class="literal">newdb</code>: + +</p><pre class="screen"> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>createdb -T template0 newdb</code></strong> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_restore -d newdb db.dump</code></strong> +</pre><p> + + Notice we don't use <code class="option">-C</code>, and instead connect directly to the + database to be restored into. Also note that we clone the new database + from <code class="literal">template0</code> not <code class="literal">template1</code>, to ensure it is + initially empty. + </p><p> + To reorder database items, it is first necessary to dump the table of + contents of the archive: +</p><pre class="screen"> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_restore -l db.dump > db.list</code></strong> +</pre><p> + The listing file consists of a header and one line for each item, e.g.: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +; +; Archive created at Mon Sep 14 13:55:39 2009 +; dbname: DBDEMOS +; TOC Entries: 81 +; Compression: 9 +; Dump Version: 1.10-0 +; Format: CUSTOM +; Integer: 4 bytes +; Offset: 8 bytes +; Dumped from database version: 8.3.5 +; Dumped by pg_dump version: 8.3.8 +; +; +; Selected TOC Entries: +; +3; 2615 2200 SCHEMA - public pasha +1861; 0 0 COMMENT - SCHEMA public pasha +1862; 0 0 ACL - public pasha +317; 1247 17715 TYPE public composite pasha +319; 1247 25899 DOMAIN public domain0 pasha +</pre><p> + Semicolons start a comment, and the numbers at the start of lines refer to the + internal archive ID assigned to each item. + </p><p> + Lines in the file can be commented out, deleted, and reordered. For example: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +10; 145433 TABLE map_resolutions postgres +;2; 145344 TABLE species postgres +;4; 145359 TABLE nt_header postgres +6; 145402 TABLE species_records postgres +;8; 145416 TABLE ss_old postgres +</pre><p> + could be used as input to <span class="application">pg_restore</span> and would only restore + items 10 and 6, in that order: +</p><pre class="screen"> +<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_restore -L db.list db.dump</code></strong> +</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.18.11"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></span></a>, <a class="xref" href="app-pg-dumpall.html" title="pg_dumpall"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></a>, <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgrecvlogical.html" title="pg_recvlogical">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pgverifybackup.html" title="pg_verifybackup">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><span class="application">pg_recvlogical</span> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> <span class="application">pg_verifybackup</span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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