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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>6.1. Inserting Data</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation" /><link rel="next" href="dml-update.html" title="6.2. Updating Data" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">6.1. Inserting Data</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 6. Data Manipulation</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dml-update.html" title="6.2. Updating Data">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="DML-INSERT"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">6.1. Inserting Data</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.5.5.3.2" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id-1.5.5.3.3" class="indexterm"></a><p>
+   When a table is created, it contains no data.  The first thing to
+   do before a database can be of much use is to insert data.  Data is
+   inserted one row at a time.  You can also insert more than one row
+   in a single command, but it is not possible to insert something that
+   is not a complete row.  Even if you know only some column values, a
+   complete row must be created.
+  </p><p>
+   To create a new row, use the <a class="xref" href="sql-insert.html" title="INSERT"><span class="refentrytitle">INSERT</span></a>
+   command.  The command requires the
+   table name and column values.  For
+   example, consider the products table from <a class="xref" href="ddl.html" title="Chapter 5. Data Definition">Chapter 5</a>:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+CREATE TABLE products (
+    product_no integer,
+    name text,
+    price numeric
+);
+</pre><p>
+   An example command to insert a row would be:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, 'Cheese', 9.99);
+</pre><p>
+   The data values are listed in the order in which the columns appear
+   in the table, separated by commas.  Usually, the data values will
+   be literals (constants), but scalar expressions are also allowed.
+  </p><p>
+   The above syntax has the drawback that you need to know the order
+   of the columns in the table.  To avoid this you can also list the
+   columns explicitly.  For example, both of the following commands
+   have the same effect as the one above:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES (1, 'Cheese', 9.99);
+INSERT INTO products (name, price, product_no) VALUES ('Cheese', 9.99, 1);
+</pre><p>
+   Many users consider it good practice to always list the column
+   names.
+  </p><p>
+   If you don't have values for all the columns, you can omit some of
+   them.  In that case, the columns will be filled with their default
+   values.  For example:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products (product_no, name) VALUES (1, 'Cheese');
+INSERT INTO products VALUES (1, 'Cheese');
+</pre><p>
+   The second form is a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
+   extension.  It fills the columns from the left with as many values
+   as are given, and the rest will be defaulted.
+  </p><p>
+   For clarity, you can also request default values explicitly, for
+   individual columns or for the entire row:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES (1, 'Cheese', DEFAULT);
+INSERT INTO products DEFAULT VALUES;
+</pre><p>
+  </p><p>
+   You can insert multiple rows in a single command:
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price) VALUES
+    (1, 'Cheese', 9.99),
+    (2, 'Bread', 1.99),
+    (3, 'Milk', 2.99);
+</pre><p>
+  </p><p>
+   It is also possible to insert the result of a query (which might be no
+   rows, one row, or many rows):
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+INSERT INTO products (product_no, name, price)
+  SELECT product_no, name, price FROM new_products
+    WHERE release_date = 'today';
+</pre><p>
+   This provides the full power of the SQL query mechanism (<a class="xref" href="queries.html" title="Chapter 7. Queries">Chapter 7</a>) for computing the rows to be inserted.
+  </p><div class="tip"><h3 class="title">Tip</h3><p>
+    When inserting a lot of data at the same time, consider using
+    the <a class="xref" href="sql-copy.html" title="COPY"><span class="refentrytitle">COPY</span></a> command.
+    It is not as flexible as the <a class="xref" href="sql-insert.html" title="INSERT"><span class="refentrytitle">INSERT</span></a>
+    command, but is more efficient. Refer
+    to <a class="xref" href="populate.html" title="14.4. Populating a Database">Section 14.4</a> for more information on improving
+    bulk loading performance.
+   </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="dml.html" title="Chapter 6. Data Manipulation">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="dml-update.html" title="6.2. Updating Data">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 6. Data Manipulation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 6.2. Updating Data</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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