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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 37. The Information Schema</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="ecpg-develop.html" title="36.17. Internals" /><link rel="next" href="infoschema-schema.html" title="37.1. The Schema" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 37. The Information Schema</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-develop.html" title="36.17. Internals">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="client-interfaces.html" title="Part IV. Client Interfaces">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Client Interfaces</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="infoschema-schema.html" title="37.1. The Schema">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" id="INFORMATION-SCHEMA"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 37. The Information Schema</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-schema.html">37.1. The Schema</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-datatypes.html">37.2. Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html">37.3. <code class="literal">information_schema_catalog_name</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-administrable-role-authorizations.html">37.4. <code class="literal">administrable_role_authorizations</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-applicable-roles.html">37.5. <code class="literal">applicable_roles</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-attributes.html">37.6. <code class="literal">attributes</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-character-sets.html">37.7. <code class="literal">character_sets</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-check-constraint-routine-usage.html">37.8. <code class="literal">check_constraint_routine_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-check-constraints.html">37.9. <code class="literal">check_constraints</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-collations.html">37.10. <code class="literal">collations</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-collation-character-set-applicab.html">37.11. <code class="literal">collation_character_set_applicability</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-column-usage.html">37.12. <code class="literal">column_column_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-domain-usage.html">37.13. <code class="literal">column_domain_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-options.html">37.14. <code class="literal">column_options</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-privileges.html">37.15. <code class="literal">column_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-column-udt-usage.html">37.16. <code class="literal">column_udt_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-columns.html">37.17. <code class="literal">columns</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html">37.18. <code class="literal">constraint_column_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html">37.19. <code class="literal">constraint_table_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-data-type-privileges.html">37.20. <code class="literal">data_type_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domain-constraints.html">37.21. <code class="literal">domain_constraints</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html">37.22. <code class="literal">domain_udt_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-domains.html">37.23. <code class="literal">domains</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-element-types.html">37.24. <code class="literal">element_types</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-enabled-roles.html">37.25. <code class="literal">enabled_roles</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-data-wrapper-options.html">37.26. <code class="literal">foreign_data_wrapper_options</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-data-wrappers.html">37.27. <code class="literal">foreign_data_wrappers</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-server-options.html">37.28. <code class="literal">foreign_server_options</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-servers.html">37.29. <code class="literal">foreign_servers</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-table-options.html">37.30. <code class="literal">foreign_table_options</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-foreign-tables.html">37.31. <code class="literal">foreign_tables</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-key-column-usage.html">37.32. <code class="literal">key_column_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-parameters.html">37.33. <code class="literal">parameters</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-referential-constraints.html">37.34. <code class="literal">referential_constraints</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-column-grants.html">37.35. <code class="literal">role_column_grants</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-routine-grants.html">37.36. <code class="literal">role_routine_grants</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-table-grants.html">37.37. <code class="literal">role_table_grants</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-udt-grants.html">37.38. <code class="literal">role_udt_grants</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-role-usage-grants.html">37.39. <code class="literal">role_usage_grants</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-column-usage.html">37.40. <code class="literal">routine_column_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-privileges.html">37.41. <code class="literal">routine_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-routine-usage.html">37.42. <code class="literal">routine_routine_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-sequence-usage.html">37.43. <code class="literal">routine_sequence_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routine-table-usage.html">37.44. <code class="literal">routine_table_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-routines.html">37.45. <code class="literal">routines</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-schemata.html">37.46. <code class="literal">schemata</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sequences.html">37.47. <code class="literal">sequences</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-features.html">37.48. <code class="literal">sql_features</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html">37.49. <code class="literal">sql_implementation_info</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-parts.html">37.50. <code class="literal">sql_parts</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-sql-sizing.html">37.51. <code class="literal">sql_sizing</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-table-constraints.html">37.52. <code class="literal">table_constraints</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-table-privileges.html">37.53. <code class="literal">table_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-tables.html">37.54. <code class="literal">tables</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-transforms.html">37.55. <code class="literal">transforms</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-triggered-update-columns.html">37.56. <code class="literal">triggered_update_columns</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-triggers.html">37.57. <code class="literal">triggers</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-udt-privileges.html">37.58. <code class="literal">udt_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-usage-privileges.html">37.59. <code class="literal">usage_privileges</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-user-defined-types.html">37.60. <code class="literal">user_defined_types</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-user-mapping-options.html">37.61. <code class="literal">user_mapping_options</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-user-mappings.html">37.62. <code class="literal">user_mappings</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-view-column-usage.html">37.63. <code class="literal">view_column_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-view-routine-usage.html">37.64. <code class="literal">view_routine_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-view-table-usage.html">37.65. <code class="literal">view_table_usage</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="infoschema-views.html">37.66. <code class="literal">views</code></a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.7.6.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
+  The information schema consists of a set of views that contain
+  information about the objects defined in the current database.  The
+  information schema is defined in the SQL standard and can therefore
+  be expected to be portable and remain stable — unlike the system
+  catalogs, which are specific to
+  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> and are modeled after
+  implementation concerns.  The information schema views do not,
+  however, contain information about
+  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>-specific features; to inquire
+  about those you need to query the system catalogs or other
+  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>-specific views.
+ </p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
+   When querying the database for constraint information, it is possible
+   for a standard-compliant query that expects to return one row to
+   return several.  This is because the SQL standard requires constraint
+   names to be unique within a schema, but
+   <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> does not enforce this
+   restriction.  <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
+   automatically-generated constraint names avoid duplicates in the
+   same schema, but users can specify such duplicate names.
+  </p><p>
+   This problem can appear when querying information schema views such
+   as <code class="literal">check_constraint_routine_usage</code>,
+   <code class="literal">check_constraints</code>, <code class="literal">domain_constraints</code>, and
+   <code class="literal">referential_constraints</code>.  Some other views have similar
+   issues but contain the table name to help distinguish duplicate
+   rows, e.g., <code class="literal">constraint_column_usage</code>,
+   <code class="literal">constraint_table_usage</code>, <code class="literal">table_constraints</code>.
+  </p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ecpg-develop.html" title="36.17. Internals">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="client-interfaces.html" title="Part IV. Client Interfaces">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="infoschema-schema.html" title="37.1. The Schema">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">36.17. Internals </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 37.1. The Schema</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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