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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 55. Frontend/Backend Protocol</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="view-pg-views.html" title="54.35. pg_views" /><link rel="next" href="protocol-overview.html" title="55.1. Overview" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">Chapter 55. Frontend/Backend Protocol</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="view-pg-views.html" title="54.35. pg_views">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Part VII. Internals</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="protocol-overview.html" title="55.1. Overview">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="chapter" id="PROTOCOL"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 55. Frontend/Backend Protocol</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-overview.html">55.1. Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-MESSAGE-CONCEPTS">55.1.1. Messaging Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-QUERY-CONCEPTS">55.1.2. Extended Query Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-overview.html#PROTOCOL-FORMAT-CODES">55.1.3. Formats and Format Codes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-flow.html">55.2. Message Flow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.3">55.2.1. Start-up</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.4">55.2.2. Simple Query</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-FLOW-EXT-QUERY">55.2.3. Extended Query</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-FLOW-PIPELINING">55.2.4. Pipelining</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.7">55.2.5. Function Call</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-COPY">55.2.6. COPY Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#PROTOCOL-ASYNC">55.2.7. Asynchronous Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.10">55.2.8. Canceling Requests in Progress</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.11">55.2.9. Termination</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.12">55.2.10. <acronym class="acronym">SSL</acronym> Session Encryption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-flow.html#id-1.10.6.7.13">55.2.11. <acronym class="acronym">GSSAPI</acronym> Session Encryption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="sasl-authentication.html">55.3. SASL Authentication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="sasl-authentication.html#SASL-SCRAM-SHA-256">55.3.1. SCRAM-SHA-256 Authentication</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-replication.html">55.4. Streaming Replication Protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html">55.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-REPLICATION-PARAMS">55.5.1. Logical Streaming Replication Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES">55.5.2. Logical Replication Protocol Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW">55.5.3. Logical Replication Protocol Message Flow</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-message-types.html">55.6. Message Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-message-formats.html">55.7. Message Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-error-fields.html">55.8. Error and Notice Message Fields</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-logicalrep-message-formats.html">55.9. Logical Replication Message Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="protocol-changes.html">55.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.10.6.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
+ <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> uses a message-based protocol
+ for communication between frontends and backends (clients and servers).
+ The protocol is supported over <acronym class="acronym">TCP/IP</acronym> and also over
+ Unix-domain sockets. Port number 5432 has been registered with IANA as
+ the customary TCP port number for servers supporting this protocol, but
+ in practice any non-privileged port number can be used.
+ </p><p>
+ This document describes version 3.0 of the protocol, implemented in
+ <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 7.4 and later. For descriptions
+ of the earlier protocol versions, see previous releases of the
+ <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> documentation. A single server
+ can support multiple protocol versions. The initial startup-request
+ message tells the server which protocol version the client is attempting to
+ use. If the major version requested by the client is not supported by
+ the server, the connection will be rejected (for example, this would occur
+ if the client requested protocol version 4.0, which does not exist as of
+ this writing). If the minor version requested by the client is not
+ supported by the server (e.g., the client requests version 3.1, but the
+ server supports only 3.0), the server may either reject the connection or
+ may respond with a NegotiateProtocolVersion message containing the highest
+ minor protocol version which it supports. The client may then choose either
+ to continue with the connection using the specified protocol version or
+ to abort the connection.
+ </p><p>
+ In order to serve multiple clients efficiently, the server launches
+ a new <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">backend</span>”</span> process for each client.
+ In the current implementation, a new child
+ process is created immediately after an incoming connection is detected.
+ This is transparent to the protocol, however. For purposes of the
+ protocol, the terms <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">backend</span>”</span> and <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">server</span>”</span> are
+ interchangeable; likewise <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">frontend</span>”</span> and <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">client</span>”</span>
+ are interchangeable.
+ </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="view-pg-views.html" title="54.35. pg_views">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="internals.html" title="Part VII. Internals">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="protocol-overview.html" title="55.1. Overview">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">54.35. <code class="structname">pg_views</code> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 55.1. Overview</td></tr></table></div></body></html> \ No newline at end of file