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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>38.14. User-Defined Operators</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="xtypes.html" title="38.13. User-Defined Types" /><link rel="next" href="xoper-optimization.html" title="38.15. Operator Optimization Information" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">38.14. User-Defined Operators</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="xtypes.html" title="38.13. User-Defined Types">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="extend.html" title="Chapter 38. Extending SQL">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 38. Extending <acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym></th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="xoper-optimization.html" title="38.15. Operator Optimization Information">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="XOPER"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">38.14. User-Defined Operators</h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.8.3.17.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
+ Every operator is <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">syntactic sugar</span>”</span> for a call to an
+ underlying function that does the real work; so you must
+ first create the underlying function before you can create
+ the operator. However, an operator is <span class="emphasis"><em>not merely</em></span>
+ syntactic sugar, because it carries additional information
+ that helps the query planner optimize queries that use the
+ operator. The next section will be devoted to explaining
+ that additional information.
+ </p><p>
+ <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> supports prefix
+ and infix operators. Operators can be
+ overloaded;<a id="id-1.8.3.17.4.2" class="indexterm"></a>
+ that is, the same operator name can be used for different operators
+ that have different numbers and types of operands. When a query is
+ executed, the system determines the operator to call from the
+ number and types of the provided operands.
+ </p><p>
+ Here is an example of creating an operator for adding two complex
+ numbers. We assume we've already created the definition of type
+ <code class="type">complex</code> (see <a class="xref" href="xtypes.html" title="38.13. User-Defined Types">Section 38.13</a>). First we need a
+ function that does the work, then we can define the operator:
+
+</p><pre class="programlisting">
+CREATE FUNCTION complex_add(complex, complex)
+ RETURNS complex
+ AS '<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>', 'complex_add'
+ LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR + (
+ leftarg = complex,
+ rightarg = complex,
+ function = complex_add,
+ commutator = +
+);
+</pre><p>
+ </p><p>
+ Now we could execute a query like this:
+
+</p><pre class="screen">
+SELECT (a + b) AS c FROM test_complex;
+
+ c
+-----------------
+ (5.2,6.05)
+ (133.42,144.95)
+</pre><p>
+ </p><p>
+ We've shown how to create a binary operator here. To create a prefix
+ operator, just omit the <code class="literal">leftarg</code>.
+ The <code class="literal">function</code>
+ clause and the argument clauses are the only required items in
+ <code class="command">CREATE OPERATOR</code>. The <code class="literal">commutator</code>
+ clause shown in the example is an optional hint to the query
+ optimizer. Further details about <code class="literal">commutator</code> and other
+ optimizer hints appear in the next section.
+ </p></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="xtypes.html" title="38.13. User-Defined Types">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extend.html" title="Chapter 38. Extending SQL">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="xoper-optimization.html" title="38.15. Operator Optimization Information">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">38.13. User-Defined Types </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 38.15. Operator Optimization Information</td></tr></table></div></body></html> \ No newline at end of file