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+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * indexam.c
+ * general index access method routines
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ * src/backend/access/index/indexam.c
+ *
+ * INTERFACE ROUTINES
+ * index_open - open an index relation by relation OID
+ * index_close - close an index relation
+ * index_beginscan - start a scan of an index with amgettuple
+ * index_beginscan_bitmap - start a scan of an index with amgetbitmap
+ * index_rescan - restart a scan of an index
+ * index_endscan - end a scan
+ * index_insert - insert an index tuple into a relation
+ * index_markpos - mark a scan position
+ * index_restrpos - restore a scan position
+ * index_parallelscan_estimate - estimate shared memory for parallel scan
+ * index_parallelscan_initialize - initialize parallel scan
+ * index_parallelrescan - (re)start a parallel scan of an index
+ * index_beginscan_parallel - join parallel index scan
+ * index_getnext_tid - get the next TID from a scan
+ * index_fetch_heap - get the scan's next heap tuple
+ * index_getnext_slot - get the next tuple from a scan
+ * index_getbitmap - get all tuples from a scan
+ * index_bulk_delete - bulk deletion of index tuples
+ * index_vacuum_cleanup - post-deletion cleanup of an index
+ * index_can_return - does index support index-only scans?
+ * index_getprocid - get a support procedure OID
+ * index_getprocinfo - get a support procedure's lookup info
+ *
+ * NOTES
+ * This file contains the index_ routines which used
+ * to be a scattered collection of stuff in access/genam.
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "access/amapi.h"
+#include "access/heapam.h"
+#include "access/reloptions.h"
+#include "access/relscan.h"
+#include "access/tableam.h"
+#include "access/transam.h"
+#include "access/xlog.h"
+#include "catalog/index.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_amproc.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "commands/defrem.h"
+#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
+#include "pgstat.h"
+#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
+#include "storage/lmgr.h"
+#include "storage/predicate.h"
+#include "utils/ruleutils.h"
+#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * macros used in index_ routines
+ *
+ * Note: the ReindexIsProcessingIndex() check in RELATION_CHECKS is there
+ * to check that we don't try to scan or do retail insertions into an index
+ * that is currently being rebuilt or pending rebuild. This helps to catch
+ * things that don't work when reindexing system catalogs. The assertion
+ * doesn't prevent the actual rebuild because we don't use RELATION_CHECKS
+ * when calling the index AM's ambuild routine, and there is no reason for
+ * ambuild to call its subsidiary routines through this file.
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#define RELATION_CHECKS \
+( \
+ AssertMacro(RelationIsValid(indexRelation)), \
+ AssertMacro(PointerIsValid(indexRelation->rd_indam)), \
+ AssertMacro(!ReindexIsProcessingIndex(RelationGetRelid(indexRelation))) \
+)
+
+#define SCAN_CHECKS \
+( \
+ AssertMacro(IndexScanIsValid(scan)), \
+ AssertMacro(RelationIsValid(scan->indexRelation)), \
+ AssertMacro(PointerIsValid(scan->indexRelation->rd_indam)) \
+)
+
+#define CHECK_REL_PROCEDURE(pname) \
+do { \
+ if (indexRelation->rd_indam->pname == NULL) \
+ elog(ERROR, "function \"%s\" is not defined for index \"%s\"", \
+ CppAsString(pname), RelationGetRelationName(indexRelation)); \
+} while(0)
+
+#define CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(pname) \
+do { \
+ if (scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->pname == NULL) \
+ elog(ERROR, "function \"%s\" is not defined for index \"%s\"", \
+ CppAsString(pname), RelationGetRelationName(scan->indexRelation)); \
+} while(0)
+
+static IndexScanDesc index_beginscan_internal(Relation indexRelation,
+ int nkeys, int norderbys, Snapshot snapshot,
+ ParallelIndexScanDesc pscan, bool temp_snap);
+
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * index_ interface functions
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_open - open an index relation by relation OID
+ *
+ * If lockmode is not "NoLock", the specified kind of lock is
+ * obtained on the index. (Generally, NoLock should only be
+ * used if the caller knows it has some appropriate lock on the
+ * index already.)
+ *
+ * An error is raised if the index does not exist.
+ *
+ * This is a convenience routine adapted for indexscan use.
+ * Some callers may prefer to use relation_open directly.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+Relation
+index_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+ Relation r;
+
+ r = relation_open(relationId, lockmode);
+
+ if (r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_INDEX &&
+ r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
+ errmsg("\"%s\" is not an index",
+ RelationGetRelationName(r))));
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_close - close an index relation
+ *
+ * If lockmode is not "NoLock", we then release the specified lock.
+ *
+ * Note that it is often sensible to hold a lock beyond index_close;
+ * in that case, the lock is released automatically at xact end.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_close(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+ LockRelId relid = relation->rd_lockInfo.lockRelId;
+
+ Assert(lockmode >= NoLock && lockmode < MAX_LOCKMODES);
+
+ /* The relcache does the real work... */
+ RelationClose(relation);
+
+ if (lockmode != NoLock)
+ UnlockRelationId(&relid, lockmode);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_insert - insert an index tuple into a relation
+ * ----------------
+ */
+bool
+index_insert(Relation indexRelation,
+ Datum *values,
+ bool *isnull,
+ ItemPointer heap_t_ctid,
+ Relation heapRelation,
+ IndexUniqueCheck checkUnique,
+ bool indexUnchanged,
+ IndexInfo *indexInfo)
+{
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_REL_PROCEDURE(aminsert);
+
+ if (!(indexRelation->rd_indam->ampredlocks))
+ CheckForSerializableConflictIn(indexRelation,
+ (ItemPointer) NULL,
+ InvalidBlockNumber);
+
+ return indexRelation->rd_indam->aminsert(indexRelation, values, isnull,
+ heap_t_ctid, heapRelation,
+ checkUnique, indexUnchanged,
+ indexInfo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_beginscan - start a scan of an index with amgettuple
+ *
+ * Caller must be holding suitable locks on the heap and the index.
+ */
+IndexScanDesc
+index_beginscan(Relation heapRelation,
+ Relation indexRelation,
+ Snapshot snapshot,
+ int nkeys, int norderbys)
+{
+ IndexScanDesc scan;
+
+ scan = index_beginscan_internal(indexRelation, nkeys, norderbys, snapshot, NULL, false);
+
+ /*
+ * Save additional parameters into the scandesc. Everything else was set
+ * up by RelationGetIndexScan.
+ */
+ scan->heapRelation = heapRelation;
+ scan->xs_snapshot = snapshot;
+
+ /* prepare to fetch index matches from table */
+ scan->xs_heapfetch = table_index_fetch_begin(heapRelation);
+
+ return scan;
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_beginscan_bitmap - start a scan of an index with amgetbitmap
+ *
+ * As above, caller had better be holding some lock on the parent heap
+ * relation, even though it's not explicitly mentioned here.
+ */
+IndexScanDesc
+index_beginscan_bitmap(Relation indexRelation,
+ Snapshot snapshot,
+ int nkeys)
+{
+ IndexScanDesc scan;
+
+ scan = index_beginscan_internal(indexRelation, nkeys, 0, snapshot, NULL, false);
+
+ /*
+ * Save additional parameters into the scandesc. Everything else was set
+ * up by RelationGetIndexScan.
+ */
+ scan->xs_snapshot = snapshot;
+
+ return scan;
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_beginscan_internal --- common code for index_beginscan variants
+ */
+static IndexScanDesc
+index_beginscan_internal(Relation indexRelation,
+ int nkeys, int norderbys, Snapshot snapshot,
+ ParallelIndexScanDesc pscan, bool temp_snap)
+{
+ IndexScanDesc scan;
+
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_REL_PROCEDURE(ambeginscan);
+
+ if (!(indexRelation->rd_indam->ampredlocks))
+ PredicateLockRelation(indexRelation, snapshot);
+
+ /*
+ * We hold a reference count to the relcache entry throughout the scan.
+ */
+ RelationIncrementReferenceCount(indexRelation);
+
+ /*
+ * Tell the AM to open a scan.
+ */
+ scan = indexRelation->rd_indam->ambeginscan(indexRelation, nkeys,
+ norderbys);
+ /* Initialize information for parallel scan. */
+ scan->parallel_scan = pscan;
+ scan->xs_temp_snap = temp_snap;
+
+ return scan;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_rescan - (re)start a scan of an index
+ *
+ * During a restart, the caller may specify a new set of scankeys and/or
+ * orderbykeys; but the number of keys cannot differ from what index_beginscan
+ * was told. (Later we might relax that to "must not exceed", but currently
+ * the index AMs tend to assume that scan->numberOfKeys is what to believe.)
+ * To restart the scan without changing keys, pass NULL for the key arrays.
+ * (Of course, keys *must* be passed on the first call, unless
+ * scan->numberOfKeys is zero.)
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_rescan(IndexScanDesc scan,
+ ScanKey keys, int nkeys,
+ ScanKey orderbys, int norderbys)
+{
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(amrescan);
+
+ Assert(nkeys == scan->numberOfKeys);
+ Assert(norderbys == scan->numberOfOrderBys);
+
+ /* Release resources (like buffer pins) from table accesses */
+ if (scan->xs_heapfetch)
+ table_index_fetch_reset(scan->xs_heapfetch);
+
+ scan->kill_prior_tuple = false; /* for safety */
+ scan->xs_heap_continue = false;
+
+ scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amrescan(scan, keys, nkeys,
+ orderbys, norderbys);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_endscan - end a scan
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_endscan(IndexScanDesc scan)
+{
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(amendscan);
+
+ /* Release resources (like buffer pins) from table accesses */
+ if (scan->xs_heapfetch)
+ {
+ table_index_fetch_end(scan->xs_heapfetch);
+ scan->xs_heapfetch = NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* End the AM's scan */
+ scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amendscan(scan);
+
+ /* Release index refcount acquired by index_beginscan */
+ RelationDecrementReferenceCount(scan->indexRelation);
+
+ if (scan->xs_temp_snap)
+ UnregisterSnapshot(scan->xs_snapshot);
+
+ /* Release the scan data structure itself */
+ IndexScanEnd(scan);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_markpos - mark a scan position
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_markpos(IndexScanDesc scan)
+{
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(ammarkpos);
+
+ scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->ammarkpos(scan);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_restrpos - restore a scan position
+ *
+ * NOTE: this only restores the internal scan state of the index AM. See
+ * comments for ExecRestrPos().
+ *
+ * NOTE: For heap, in the presence of HOT chains, mark/restore only works
+ * correctly if the scan's snapshot is MVCC-safe; that ensures that there's at
+ * most one returnable tuple in each HOT chain, and so restoring the prior
+ * state at the granularity of the index AM is sufficient. Since the only
+ * current user of mark/restore functionality is nodeMergejoin.c, this
+ * effectively means that merge-join plans only work for MVCC snapshots. This
+ * could be fixed if necessary, but for now it seems unimportant.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_restrpos(IndexScanDesc scan)
+{
+ Assert(IsMVCCSnapshot(scan->xs_snapshot));
+
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(amrestrpos);
+
+ /* release resources (like buffer pins) from table accesses */
+ if (scan->xs_heapfetch)
+ table_index_fetch_reset(scan->xs_heapfetch);
+
+ scan->kill_prior_tuple = false; /* for safety */
+ scan->xs_heap_continue = false;
+
+ scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amrestrpos(scan);
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_parallelscan_estimate - estimate shared memory for parallel scan
+ *
+ * Currently, we don't pass any information to the AM-specific estimator,
+ * so it can probably only return a constant. In the future, we might need
+ * to pass more information.
+ */
+Size
+index_parallelscan_estimate(Relation indexRelation, Snapshot snapshot)
+{
+ Size nbytes;
+
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+
+ nbytes = offsetof(ParallelIndexScanDescData, ps_snapshot_data);
+ nbytes = add_size(nbytes, EstimateSnapshotSpace(snapshot));
+ nbytes = MAXALIGN(nbytes);
+
+ /*
+ * If amestimateparallelscan is not provided, assume there is no
+ * AM-specific data needed. (It's hard to believe that could work, but
+ * it's easy enough to cater to it here.)
+ */
+ if (indexRelation->rd_indam->amestimateparallelscan != NULL)
+ nbytes = add_size(nbytes,
+ indexRelation->rd_indam->amestimateparallelscan());
+
+ return nbytes;
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_parallelscan_initialize - initialize parallel scan
+ *
+ * We initialize both the ParallelIndexScanDesc proper and the AM-specific
+ * information which follows it.
+ *
+ * This function calls access method specific initialization routine to
+ * initialize am specific information. Call this just once in the leader
+ * process; then, individual workers attach via index_beginscan_parallel.
+ */
+void
+index_parallelscan_initialize(Relation heapRelation, Relation indexRelation,
+ Snapshot snapshot, ParallelIndexScanDesc target)
+{
+ Size offset;
+
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+
+ offset = add_size(offsetof(ParallelIndexScanDescData, ps_snapshot_data),
+ EstimateSnapshotSpace(snapshot));
+ offset = MAXALIGN(offset);
+
+ target->ps_relid = RelationGetRelid(heapRelation);
+ target->ps_indexid = RelationGetRelid(indexRelation);
+ target->ps_offset = offset;
+ SerializeSnapshot(snapshot, target->ps_snapshot_data);
+
+ /* aminitparallelscan is optional; assume no-op if not provided by AM */
+ if (indexRelation->rd_indam->aminitparallelscan != NULL)
+ {
+ void *amtarget;
+
+ amtarget = OffsetToPointer(target, offset);
+ indexRelation->rd_indam->aminitparallelscan(amtarget);
+ }
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_parallelrescan - (re)start a parallel scan of an index
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_parallelrescan(IndexScanDesc scan)
+{
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+
+ if (scan->xs_heapfetch)
+ table_index_fetch_reset(scan->xs_heapfetch);
+
+ /* amparallelrescan is optional; assume no-op if not provided by AM */
+ if (scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amparallelrescan != NULL)
+ scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amparallelrescan(scan);
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_beginscan_parallel - join parallel index scan
+ *
+ * Caller must be holding suitable locks on the heap and the index.
+ */
+IndexScanDesc
+index_beginscan_parallel(Relation heaprel, Relation indexrel, int nkeys,
+ int norderbys, ParallelIndexScanDesc pscan)
+{
+ Snapshot snapshot;
+ IndexScanDesc scan;
+
+ Assert(RelationGetRelid(heaprel) == pscan->ps_relid);
+ snapshot = RestoreSnapshot(pscan->ps_snapshot_data);
+ RegisterSnapshot(snapshot);
+ scan = index_beginscan_internal(indexrel, nkeys, norderbys, snapshot,
+ pscan, true);
+
+ /*
+ * Save additional parameters into the scandesc. Everything else was set
+ * up by index_beginscan_internal.
+ */
+ scan->heapRelation = heaprel;
+ scan->xs_snapshot = snapshot;
+
+ /* prepare to fetch index matches from table */
+ scan->xs_heapfetch = table_index_fetch_begin(heaprel);
+
+ return scan;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_getnext_tid - get the next TID from a scan
+ *
+ * The result is the next TID satisfying the scan keys,
+ * or NULL if no more matching tuples exist.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+ItemPointer
+index_getnext_tid(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection direction)
+{
+ bool found;
+
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(amgettuple);
+
+ /* XXX: we should assert that a snapshot is pushed or registered */
+ Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(RecentXmin));
+
+ /*
+ * The AM's amgettuple proc finds the next index entry matching the scan
+ * keys, and puts the TID into scan->xs_heaptid. It should also set
+ * scan->xs_recheck and possibly scan->xs_itup/scan->xs_hitup, though we
+ * pay no attention to those fields here.
+ */
+ found = scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amgettuple(scan, direction);
+
+ /* Reset kill flag immediately for safety */
+ scan->kill_prior_tuple = false;
+ scan->xs_heap_continue = false;
+
+ /* If we're out of index entries, we're done */
+ if (!found)
+ {
+ /* release resources (like buffer pins) from table accesses */
+ if (scan->xs_heapfetch)
+ table_index_fetch_reset(scan->xs_heapfetch);
+
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(&scan->xs_heaptid));
+
+ pgstat_count_index_tuples(scan->indexRelation, 1);
+
+ /* Return the TID of the tuple we found. */
+ return &scan->xs_heaptid;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_fetch_heap - get the scan's next heap tuple
+ *
+ * The result is a visible heap tuple associated with the index TID most
+ * recently fetched by index_getnext_tid, or NULL if no more matching tuples
+ * exist. (There can be more than one matching tuple because of HOT chains,
+ * although when using an MVCC snapshot it should be impossible for more than
+ * one such tuple to exist.)
+ *
+ * On success, the buffer containing the heap tup is pinned (the pin will be
+ * dropped in a future index_getnext_tid, index_fetch_heap or index_endscan
+ * call).
+ *
+ * Note: caller must check scan->xs_recheck, and perform rechecking of the
+ * scan keys if required. We do not do that here because we don't have
+ * enough information to do it efficiently in the general case.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+bool
+index_fetch_heap(IndexScanDesc scan, TupleTableSlot *slot)
+{
+ bool all_dead = false;
+ bool found;
+
+ found = table_index_fetch_tuple(scan->xs_heapfetch, &scan->xs_heaptid,
+ scan->xs_snapshot, slot,
+ &scan->xs_heap_continue, &all_dead);
+
+ if (found)
+ pgstat_count_heap_fetch(scan->indexRelation);
+
+ /*
+ * If we scanned a whole HOT chain and found only dead tuples, tell index
+ * AM to kill its entry for that TID (this will take effect in the next
+ * amgettuple call, in index_getnext_tid). We do not do this when in
+ * recovery because it may violate MVCC to do so. See comments in
+ * RelationGetIndexScan().
+ */
+ if (!scan->xactStartedInRecovery)
+ scan->kill_prior_tuple = all_dead;
+
+ return found;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_getnext_slot - get the next tuple from a scan
+ *
+ * The result is true if a tuple satisfying the scan keys and the snapshot was
+ * found, false otherwise. The tuple is stored in the specified slot.
+ *
+ * On success, resources (like buffer pins) are likely to be held, and will be
+ * dropped by a future index_getnext_tid, index_fetch_heap or index_endscan
+ * call).
+ *
+ * Note: caller must check scan->xs_recheck, and perform rechecking of the
+ * scan keys if required. We do not do that here because we don't have
+ * enough information to do it efficiently in the general case.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+bool
+index_getnext_slot(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanDirection direction, TupleTableSlot *slot)
+{
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ if (!scan->xs_heap_continue)
+ {
+ ItemPointer tid;
+
+ /* Time to fetch the next TID from the index */
+ tid = index_getnext_tid(scan, direction);
+
+ /* If we're out of index entries, we're done */
+ if (tid == NULL)
+ break;
+
+ Assert(ItemPointerEquals(tid, &scan->xs_heaptid));
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Fetch the next (or only) visible heap tuple for this index entry.
+ * If we don't find anything, loop around and grab the next TID from
+ * the index.
+ */
+ Assert(ItemPointerIsValid(&scan->xs_heaptid));
+ if (index_fetch_heap(scan, slot))
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_getbitmap - get all tuples at once from an index scan
+ *
+ * Adds the TIDs of all heap tuples satisfying the scan keys to a bitmap.
+ * Since there's no interlock between the index scan and the eventual heap
+ * access, this is only safe to use with MVCC-based snapshots: the heap
+ * item slot could have been replaced by a newer tuple by the time we get
+ * to it.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of matching tuples found. (Note: this might be only
+ * approximate, so it should only be used for statistical purposes.)
+ * ----------------
+ */
+int64
+index_getbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *bitmap)
+{
+ int64 ntids;
+
+ SCAN_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_SCAN_PROCEDURE(amgetbitmap);
+
+ /* just make sure this is false... */
+ scan->kill_prior_tuple = false;
+
+ /*
+ * have the am's getbitmap proc do all the work.
+ */
+ ntids = scan->indexRelation->rd_indam->amgetbitmap(scan, bitmap);
+
+ pgstat_count_index_tuples(scan->indexRelation, ntids);
+
+ return ntids;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_bulk_delete - do mass deletion of index entries
+ *
+ * callback routine tells whether a given main-heap tuple is
+ * to be deleted
+ *
+ * return value is an optional palloc'd struct of statistics
+ * ----------------
+ */
+IndexBulkDeleteResult *
+index_bulk_delete(IndexVacuumInfo *info,
+ IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat,
+ IndexBulkDeleteCallback callback,
+ void *callback_state)
+{
+ Relation indexRelation = info->index;
+
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_REL_PROCEDURE(ambulkdelete);
+
+ return indexRelation->rd_indam->ambulkdelete(info, istat,
+ callback, callback_state);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_vacuum_cleanup - do post-deletion cleanup of an index
+ *
+ * return value is an optional palloc'd struct of statistics
+ * ----------------
+ */
+IndexBulkDeleteResult *
+index_vacuum_cleanup(IndexVacuumInfo *info,
+ IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat)
+{
+ Relation indexRelation = info->index;
+
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+ CHECK_REL_PROCEDURE(amvacuumcleanup);
+
+ return indexRelation->rd_indam->amvacuumcleanup(info, istat);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_can_return
+ *
+ * Does the index access method support index-only scans for the given
+ * column?
+ * ----------------
+ */
+bool
+index_can_return(Relation indexRelation, int attno)
+{
+ RELATION_CHECKS;
+
+ /* amcanreturn is optional; assume false if not provided by AM */
+ if (indexRelation->rd_indam->amcanreturn == NULL)
+ return false;
+
+ return indexRelation->rd_indam->amcanreturn(indexRelation, attno);
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_getprocid
+ *
+ * Index access methods typically require support routines that are
+ * not directly the implementation of any WHERE-clause query operator
+ * and so cannot be kept in pg_amop. Instead, such routines are kept
+ * in pg_amproc. These registered procedure OIDs are assigned numbers
+ * according to a convention established by the access method.
+ * The general index code doesn't know anything about the routines
+ * involved; it just builds an ordered list of them for
+ * each attribute on which an index is defined.
+ *
+ * As of Postgres 8.3, support routines within an operator family
+ * are further subdivided by the "left type" and "right type" of the
+ * query operator(s) that they support. The "default" functions for a
+ * particular indexed attribute are those with both types equal to
+ * the index opclass' opcintype (note that this is subtly different
+ * from the indexed attribute's own type: it may be a binary-compatible
+ * type instead). Only the default functions are stored in relcache
+ * entries --- access methods can use the syscache to look up non-default
+ * functions.
+ *
+ * This routine returns the requested default procedure OID for a
+ * particular indexed attribute.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+RegProcedure
+index_getprocid(Relation irel,
+ AttrNumber attnum,
+ uint16 procnum)
+{
+ RegProcedure *loc;
+ int nproc;
+ int procindex;
+
+ nproc = irel->rd_indam->amsupport;
+
+ Assert(procnum > 0 && procnum <= (uint16) nproc);
+
+ procindex = (nproc * (attnum - 1)) + (procnum - 1);
+
+ loc = irel->rd_support;
+
+ Assert(loc != NULL);
+
+ return loc[procindex];
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_getprocinfo
+ *
+ * This routine allows index AMs to keep fmgr lookup info for
+ * support procs in the relcache. As above, only the "default"
+ * functions for any particular indexed attribute are cached.
+ *
+ * Note: the return value points into cached data that will be lost during
+ * any relcache rebuild! Therefore, either use the callinfo right away,
+ * or save it only after having acquired some type of lock on the index rel.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+FmgrInfo *
+index_getprocinfo(Relation irel,
+ AttrNumber attnum,
+ uint16 procnum)
+{
+ FmgrInfo *locinfo;
+ int nproc;
+ int optsproc;
+ int procindex;
+
+ nproc = irel->rd_indam->amsupport;
+ optsproc = irel->rd_indam->amoptsprocnum;
+
+ Assert(procnum > 0 && procnum <= (uint16) nproc);
+
+ procindex = (nproc * (attnum - 1)) + (procnum - 1);
+
+ locinfo = irel->rd_supportinfo;
+
+ Assert(locinfo != NULL);
+
+ locinfo += procindex;
+
+ /* Initialize the lookup info if first time through */
+ if (locinfo->fn_oid == InvalidOid)
+ {
+ RegProcedure *loc = irel->rd_support;
+ RegProcedure procId;
+
+ Assert(loc != NULL);
+
+ procId = loc[procindex];
+
+ /*
+ * Complain if function was not found during IndexSupportInitialize.
+ * This should not happen unless the system tables contain bogus
+ * entries for the index opclass. (If an AM wants to allow a support
+ * function to be optional, it can use index_getprocid.)
+ */
+ if (!RegProcedureIsValid(procId))
+ elog(ERROR, "missing support function %d for attribute %d of index \"%s\"",
+ procnum, attnum, RelationGetRelationName(irel));
+
+ fmgr_info_cxt(procId, locinfo, irel->rd_indexcxt);
+
+ if (procnum != optsproc)
+ {
+ /* Initialize locinfo->fn_expr with opclass options Const */
+ bytea **attoptions = RelationGetIndexAttOptions(irel, false);
+ MemoryContext oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(irel->rd_indexcxt);
+
+ set_fn_opclass_options(locinfo, attoptions[attnum - 1]);
+
+ MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return locinfo;
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_store_float8_orderby_distances
+ *
+ * Convert AM distance function's results (that can be inexact)
+ * to ORDER BY types and save them into xs_orderbyvals/xs_orderbynulls
+ * for a possible recheck.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+void
+index_store_float8_orderby_distances(IndexScanDesc scan, Oid *orderByTypes,
+ IndexOrderByDistance *distances,
+ bool recheckOrderBy)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ Assert(distances || !recheckOrderBy);
+
+ scan->xs_recheckorderby = recheckOrderBy;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < scan->numberOfOrderBys; i++)
+ {
+ if (orderByTypes[i] == FLOAT8OID)
+ {
+#ifndef USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL
+ /* must free any old value to avoid memory leakage */
+ if (!scan->xs_orderbynulls[i])
+ pfree(DatumGetPointer(scan->xs_orderbyvals[i]));
+#endif
+ if (distances && !distances[i].isnull)
+ {
+ scan->xs_orderbyvals[i] = Float8GetDatum(distances[i].value);
+ scan->xs_orderbynulls[i] = false;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ scan->xs_orderbyvals[i] = (Datum) 0;
+ scan->xs_orderbynulls[i] = true;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (orderByTypes[i] == FLOAT4OID)
+ {
+ /* convert distance function's result to ORDER BY type */
+ if (distances && !distances[i].isnull)
+ {
+ scan->xs_orderbyvals[i] = Float4GetDatum((float4) distances[i].value);
+ scan->xs_orderbynulls[i] = false;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ scan->xs_orderbyvals[i] = (Datum) 0;
+ scan->xs_orderbynulls[i] = true;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * If the ordering operator's return value is anything else, we
+ * don't know how to convert the float8 bound calculated by the
+ * distance function to that. The executor won't actually need
+ * the order by values we return here, if there are no lossy
+ * results, so only insist on converting if the *recheck flag is
+ * set.
+ */
+ if (scan->xs_recheckorderby)
+ elog(ERROR, "ORDER BY operator must return float8 or float4 if the distance function is lossy");
+ scan->xs_orderbynulls[i] = true;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* ----------------
+ * index_opclass_options
+ *
+ * Parse opclass-specific options for index column.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+bytea *
+index_opclass_options(Relation indrel, AttrNumber attnum, Datum attoptions,
+ bool validate)
+{
+ int amoptsprocnum = indrel->rd_indam->amoptsprocnum;
+ Oid procid = InvalidOid;
+ FmgrInfo *procinfo;
+ local_relopts relopts;
+
+ /* fetch options support procedure if specified */
+ if (amoptsprocnum != 0)
+ procid = index_getprocid(indrel, attnum, amoptsprocnum);
+
+ if (!OidIsValid(procid))
+ {
+ Oid opclass;
+ Datum indclassDatum;
+ oidvector *indclass;
+ bool isnull;
+
+ if (!DatumGetPointer(attoptions))
+ return NULL; /* ok, no options, no procedure */
+
+ /*
+ * Report an error if the opclass's options-parsing procedure does not
+ * exist but the opclass options are specified.
+ */
+ indclassDatum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, indrel->rd_indextuple,
+ Anum_pg_index_indclass, &isnull);
+ Assert(!isnull);
+ indclass = (oidvector *) DatumGetPointer(indclassDatum);
+ opclass = indclass->values[attnum - 1];
+
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
+ errmsg("operator class %s has no options",
+ generate_opclass_name(opclass))));
+ }
+
+ init_local_reloptions(&relopts, 0);
+
+ procinfo = index_getprocinfo(indrel, attnum, amoptsprocnum);
+
+ (void) FunctionCall1(procinfo, PointerGetDatum(&relopts));
+
+ return build_local_reloptions(&relopts, attoptions, validate);
+}