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Diffstat (limited to 'src/backend/commands/view.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/backend/commands/view.c | 604 |
1 files changed, 604 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/view.c b/src/backend/commands/view.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5a0fc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/backend/commands/view.c @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +/*------------------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * view.c + * use rewrite rules to construct views + * + * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group + * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California + * + * + * IDENTIFICATION + * src/backend/commands/view.c + * + *------------------------------------------------------------------------- + */ +#include "postgres.h" + +#include "access/relation.h" +#include "access/xact.h" +#include "catalog/namespace.h" +#include "commands/defrem.h" +#include "commands/tablecmds.h" +#include "commands/view.h" +#include "miscadmin.h" +#include "nodes/makefuncs.h" +#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h" +#include "parser/analyze.h" +#include "parser/parse_relation.h" +#include "rewrite/rewriteDefine.h" +#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h" +#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h" +#include "rewrite/rewriteSupport.h" +#include "utils/acl.h" +#include "utils/builtins.h" +#include "utils/lsyscache.h" +#include "utils/rel.h" +#include "utils/syscache.h" + +static void checkViewTupleDesc(TupleDesc newdesc, TupleDesc olddesc); + +/*--------------------------------------------------------------------- + * DefineVirtualRelation + * + * Create a view relation and use the rules system to store the query + * for the view. + * + * EventTriggerAlterTableStart must have been called already. + *--------------------------------------------------------------------- + */ +static ObjectAddress +DefineVirtualRelation(RangeVar *relation, List *tlist, bool replace, + List *options, Query *viewParse) +{ + Oid viewOid; + LOCKMODE lockmode; + CreateStmt *createStmt = makeNode(CreateStmt); + List *attrList; + ListCell *t; + + /* + * create a list of ColumnDef nodes based on the names and types of the + * (non-junk) targetlist items from the view's SELECT list. + */ + attrList = NIL; + foreach(t, tlist) + { + TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(t); + + if (!tle->resjunk) + { + ColumnDef *def = makeColumnDef(tle->resname, + exprType((Node *) tle->expr), + exprTypmod((Node *) tle->expr), + exprCollation((Node *) tle->expr)); + + /* + * It's possible that the column is of a collatable type but the + * collation could not be resolved, so double-check. + */ + if (type_is_collatable(exprType((Node *) tle->expr))) + { + if (!OidIsValid(def->collOid)) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_COLLATION), + errmsg("could not determine which collation to use for view column \"%s\"", + def->colname), + errhint("Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly."))); + } + else + Assert(!OidIsValid(def->collOid)); + + attrList = lappend(attrList, def); + } + } + + /* + * Look up, check permissions on, and lock the creation namespace; also + * check for a preexisting view with the same name. This will also set + * relation->relpersistence to RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP if the selected + * namespace is temporary. + */ + lockmode = replace ? AccessExclusiveLock : NoLock; + (void) RangeVarGetAndCheckCreationNamespace(relation, lockmode, &viewOid); + + if (OidIsValid(viewOid) && replace) + { + Relation rel; + TupleDesc descriptor; + List *atcmds = NIL; + AlterTableCmd *atcmd; + ObjectAddress address; + + /* Relation is already locked, but we must build a relcache entry. */ + rel = relation_open(viewOid, NoLock); + + /* Make sure it *is* a view. */ + if (rel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_VIEW) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE), + errmsg("\"%s\" is not a view", + RelationGetRelationName(rel)))); + + /* Also check it's not in use already */ + CheckTableNotInUse(rel, "CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW"); + + /* + * Due to the namespace visibility rules for temporary objects, we + * should only end up replacing a temporary view with another + * temporary view, and similarly for permanent views. + */ + Assert(relation->relpersistence == rel->rd_rel->relpersistence); + + /* + * Create a tuple descriptor to compare against the existing view, and + * verify that the old column list is an initial prefix of the new + * column list. + */ + descriptor = BuildDescForRelation(attrList); + checkViewTupleDesc(descriptor, rel->rd_att); + + /* + * If new attributes have been added, we must add pg_attribute entries + * for them. It is convenient (although overkill) to use the ALTER + * TABLE ADD COLUMN infrastructure for this. + * + * Note that we must do this before updating the query for the view, + * since the rules system requires that the correct view columns be in + * place when defining the new rules. + * + * Also note that ALTER TABLE doesn't run parse transformation on + * AT_AddColumnToView commands. The ColumnDef we supply must be ready + * to execute as-is. + */ + if (list_length(attrList) > rel->rd_att->natts) + { + ListCell *c; + int skip = rel->rd_att->natts; + + foreach(c, attrList) + { + if (skip > 0) + { + skip--; + continue; + } + atcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd); + atcmd->subtype = AT_AddColumnToView; + atcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(c); + atcmds = lappend(atcmds, atcmd); + } + + /* EventTriggerAlterTableStart called by ProcessUtilitySlow */ + AlterTableInternal(viewOid, atcmds, true); + + /* Make the new view columns visible */ + CommandCounterIncrement(); + } + + /* + * Update the query for the view. + * + * Note that we must do this before updating the view options, because + * the new options may not be compatible with the old view query (for + * example if we attempt to add the WITH CHECK OPTION, we require that + * the new view be automatically updatable, but the old view may not + * have been). + */ + StoreViewQuery(viewOid, viewParse, replace); + + /* Make the new view query visible */ + CommandCounterIncrement(); + + /* + * Update the view's options. + * + * The new options list replaces the existing options list, even if + * it's empty. + */ + atcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd); + atcmd->subtype = AT_ReplaceRelOptions; + atcmd->def = (Node *) options; + atcmds = list_make1(atcmd); + + /* EventTriggerAlterTableStart called by ProcessUtilitySlow */ + AlterTableInternal(viewOid, atcmds, true); + + /* + * There is very little to do here to update the view's dependencies. + * Most view-level dependency relationships, such as those on the + * owner, schema, and associated composite type, aren't changing. + * Because we don't allow changing type or collation of an existing + * view column, those dependencies of the existing columns don't + * change either, while the AT_AddColumnToView machinery took care of + * adding such dependencies for new view columns. The dependencies of + * the view's query could have changed arbitrarily, but that was dealt + * with inside StoreViewQuery. What remains is only to check that + * view replacement is allowed when we're creating an extension. + */ + ObjectAddressSet(address, RelationRelationId, viewOid); + + recordDependencyOnCurrentExtension(&address, true); + + /* + * Seems okay, so return the OID of the pre-existing view. + */ + relation_close(rel, NoLock); /* keep the lock! */ + + return address; + } + else + { + ObjectAddress address; + + /* + * Set the parameters for keys/inheritance etc. All of these are + * uninteresting for views... + */ + createStmt->relation = relation; + createStmt->tableElts = attrList; + createStmt->inhRelations = NIL; + createStmt->constraints = NIL; + createStmt->options = options; + createStmt->oncommit = ONCOMMIT_NOOP; + createStmt->tablespacename = NULL; + createStmt->if_not_exists = false; + + /* + * Create the relation (this will error out if there's an existing + * view, so we don't need more code to complain if "replace" is + * false). + */ + address = DefineRelation(createStmt, RELKIND_VIEW, InvalidOid, NULL, + NULL); + Assert(address.objectId != InvalidOid); + + /* Make the new view relation visible */ + CommandCounterIncrement(); + + /* Store the query for the view */ + StoreViewQuery(address.objectId, viewParse, replace); + + return address; + } +} + +/* + * Verify that tupledesc associated with proposed new view definition + * matches tupledesc of old view. This is basically a cut-down version + * of equalTupleDescs(), with code added to generate specific complaints. + * Also, we allow the new tupledesc to have more columns than the old. + */ +static void +checkViewTupleDesc(TupleDesc newdesc, TupleDesc olddesc) +{ + int i; + + if (newdesc->natts < olddesc->natts) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION), + errmsg("cannot drop columns from view"))); + + for (i = 0; i < olddesc->natts; i++) + { + Form_pg_attribute newattr = TupleDescAttr(newdesc, i); + Form_pg_attribute oldattr = TupleDescAttr(olddesc, i); + + /* XXX msg not right, but we don't support DROP COL on view anyway */ + if (newattr->attisdropped != oldattr->attisdropped) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION), + errmsg("cannot drop columns from view"))); + + if (strcmp(NameStr(newattr->attname), NameStr(oldattr->attname)) != 0) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION), + errmsg("cannot change name of view column \"%s\" to \"%s\"", + NameStr(oldattr->attname), + NameStr(newattr->attname)), + errhint("Use ALTER VIEW ... RENAME COLUMN ... to change name of view column instead."))); + + /* + * We cannot allow type, typmod, or collation to change, since these + * properties may be embedded in Vars of other views/rules referencing + * this one. Other column attributes can be ignored. + */ + if (newattr->atttypid != oldattr->atttypid || + newattr->atttypmod != oldattr->atttypmod) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION), + errmsg("cannot change data type of view column \"%s\" from %s to %s", + NameStr(oldattr->attname), + format_type_with_typemod(oldattr->atttypid, + oldattr->atttypmod), + format_type_with_typemod(newattr->atttypid, + newattr->atttypmod)))); + + /* + * At this point, attcollations should be both valid or both invalid, + * so applying get_collation_name unconditionally should be fine. + */ + if (newattr->attcollation != oldattr->attcollation) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION), + errmsg("cannot change collation of view column \"%s\" from \"%s\" to \"%s\"", + NameStr(oldattr->attname), + get_collation_name(oldattr->attcollation), + get_collation_name(newattr->attcollation)))); + } + + /* + * We ignore the constraint fields. The new view desc can't have any + * constraints, and the only ones that could be on the old view are + * defaults, which we are happy to leave in place. + */ +} + +static void +DefineViewRules(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse, bool replace) +{ + /* + * Set up the ON SELECT rule. Since the query has already been through + * parse analysis, we use DefineQueryRewrite() directly. + */ + DefineQueryRewrite(pstrdup(ViewSelectRuleName), + viewOid, + NULL, + CMD_SELECT, + true, + replace, + list_make1(viewParse)); + + /* + * Someday: automatic ON INSERT, etc + */ +} + +/*--------------------------------------------------------------- + * UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse + * + * Update the range table of the given parsetree. + * This update consists of adding two new entries IN THE BEGINNING + * of the range table (otherwise the rule system will die a slow, + * horrible and painful death, and we do not want that now, do we?) + * one for the OLD relation and one for the NEW one (both of + * them refer in fact to the "view" relation). + * + * Of course we must also increase the 'varnos' of all the Var nodes + * by 2... + * + * These extra RT entries are not actually used in the query, + * except for run-time locking and permission checking. + *--------------------------------------------------------------- + */ +static Query * +UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse) +{ + Relation viewRel; + List *new_rt; + ParseNamespaceItem *nsitem; + RangeTblEntry *rt_entry1, + *rt_entry2; + ParseState *pstate; + + /* + * Make a copy of the given parsetree. It's not so much that we don't + * want to scribble on our input, it's that the parser has a bad habit of + * outputting multiple links to the same subtree for constructs like + * BETWEEN, and we mustn't have OffsetVarNodes increment the varno of a + * Var node twice. copyObject will expand any multiply-referenced subtree + * into multiple copies. + */ + viewParse = copyObject(viewParse); + + /* Create a dummy ParseState for addRangeTableEntryForRelation */ + pstate = make_parsestate(NULL); + + /* need to open the rel for addRangeTableEntryForRelation */ + viewRel = relation_open(viewOid, AccessShareLock); + + /* + * Create the 2 new range table entries and form the new range table... + * OLD first, then NEW.... + */ + nsitem = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, viewRel, + AccessShareLock, + makeAlias("old", NIL), + false, false); + rt_entry1 = nsitem->p_rte; + nsitem = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, viewRel, + AccessShareLock, + makeAlias("new", NIL), + false, false); + rt_entry2 = nsitem->p_rte; + + /* Must override addRangeTableEntry's default access-check flags */ + rt_entry1->requiredPerms = 0; + rt_entry2->requiredPerms = 0; + + new_rt = lcons(rt_entry1, lcons(rt_entry2, viewParse->rtable)); + + viewParse->rtable = new_rt; + + /* + * Now offset all var nodes by 2, and jointree RT indexes too. + */ + OffsetVarNodes((Node *) viewParse, 2, 0); + + relation_close(viewRel, AccessShareLock); + + return viewParse; +} + +/* + * DefineView + * Execute a CREATE VIEW command. + */ +ObjectAddress +DefineView(ViewStmt *stmt, const char *queryString, + int stmt_location, int stmt_len) +{ + RawStmt *rawstmt; + Query *viewParse; + RangeVar *view; + ListCell *cell; + bool check_option; + ObjectAddress address; + + /* + * Run parse analysis to convert the raw parse tree to a Query. Note this + * also acquires sufficient locks on the source table(s). + */ + rawstmt = makeNode(RawStmt); + rawstmt->stmt = stmt->query; + rawstmt->stmt_location = stmt_location; + rawstmt->stmt_len = stmt_len; + + viewParse = parse_analyze_fixedparams(rawstmt, queryString, NULL, 0, NULL); + + /* + * The grammar should ensure that the result is a single SELECT Query. + * However, it doesn't forbid SELECT INTO, so we have to check for that. + */ + if (!IsA(viewParse, Query)) + elog(ERROR, "unexpected parse analysis result"); + if (viewParse->utilityStmt != NULL && + IsA(viewParse->utilityStmt, CreateTableAsStmt)) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), + errmsg("views must not contain SELECT INTO"))); + if (viewParse->commandType != CMD_SELECT) + elog(ERROR, "unexpected parse analysis result"); + + /* + * Check for unsupported cases. These tests are redundant with ones in + * DefineQueryRewrite(), but that function will complain about a bogus ON + * SELECT rule, and we'd rather the message complain about a view. + */ + if (viewParse->hasModifyingCTE) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), + errmsg("views must not contain data-modifying statements in WITH"))); + + /* + * If the user specified the WITH CHECK OPTION, add it to the list of + * reloptions. + */ + if (stmt->withCheckOption == LOCAL_CHECK_OPTION) + stmt->options = lappend(stmt->options, + makeDefElem("check_option", + (Node *) makeString("local"), -1)); + else if (stmt->withCheckOption == CASCADED_CHECK_OPTION) + stmt->options = lappend(stmt->options, + makeDefElem("check_option", + (Node *) makeString("cascaded"), -1)); + + /* + * Check that the view is auto-updatable if WITH CHECK OPTION was + * specified. + */ + check_option = false; + + foreach(cell, stmt->options) + { + DefElem *defel = (DefElem *) lfirst(cell); + + if (strcmp(defel->defname, "check_option") == 0) + check_option = true; + } + + /* + * If the check option is specified, look to see if the view is actually + * auto-updatable or not. + */ + if (check_option) + { + const char *view_updatable_error = + view_query_is_auto_updatable(viewParse, true); + + if (view_updatable_error) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED), + errmsg("WITH CHECK OPTION is supported only on automatically updatable views"), + errhint("%s", _(view_updatable_error)))); + } + + /* + * If a list of column names was given, run through and insert these into + * the actual query tree. - thomas 2000-03-08 + */ + if (stmt->aliases != NIL) + { + ListCell *alist_item = list_head(stmt->aliases); + ListCell *targetList; + + foreach(targetList, viewParse->targetList) + { + TargetEntry *te = lfirst_node(TargetEntry, targetList); + + /* junk columns don't get aliases */ + if (te->resjunk) + continue; + te->resname = pstrdup(strVal(lfirst(alist_item))); + alist_item = lnext(stmt->aliases, alist_item); + if (alist_item == NULL) + break; /* done assigning aliases */ + } + + if (alist_item != NULL) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR), + errmsg("CREATE VIEW specifies more column " + "names than columns"))); + } + + /* Unlogged views are not sensible. */ + if (stmt->view->relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_UNLOGGED) + ereport(ERROR, + (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR), + errmsg("views cannot be unlogged because they do not have storage"))); + + /* + * If the user didn't explicitly ask for a temporary view, check whether + * we need one implicitly. We allow TEMP to be inserted automatically as + * long as the CREATE command is consistent with that --- no explicit + * schema name. + */ + view = copyObject(stmt->view); /* don't corrupt original command */ + if (view->relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT + && isQueryUsingTempRelation(viewParse)) + { + view->relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP; + ereport(NOTICE, + (errmsg("view \"%s\" will be a temporary view", + view->relname))); + } + + /* + * Create the view relation + * + * NOTE: if it already exists and replace is false, the xact will be + * aborted. + */ + address = DefineVirtualRelation(view, viewParse->targetList, + stmt->replace, stmt->options, viewParse); + + return address; +} + +/* + * Use the rules system to store the query for the view. + */ +void +StoreViewQuery(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse, bool replace) +{ + /* + * The range table of 'viewParse' does not contain entries for the "OLD" + * and "NEW" relations. So... add them! + */ + viewParse = UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse(viewOid, viewParse); + + /* + * Now create the rules associated with the view. + */ + DefineViewRules(viewOid, viewParse, replace); +} |