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diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_recombination.c b/src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_recombination.c
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+/*------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*
+* geqo_recombination.c
+* misc recombination procedures
+*
+* src/backend/optimizer/geqo/geqo_recombination.c
+*
+*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
+
+/* contributed by:
+ =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
+ * Martin Utesch * Institute of Automatic Control *
+ = = University of Mining and Technology =
+ * utesch@aut.tu-freiberg.de * Freiberg, Germany *
+ =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=
+ */
+
+/* -- parts of this are adapted from D. Whitley's Genitor algorithm -- */
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "optimizer/geqo_random.h"
+#include "optimizer/geqo_recombination.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * init_tour
+ *
+ * Randomly generates a legal "traveling salesman" tour
+ * (i.e. where each point is visited only once.)
+ */
+void
+init_tour(PlannerInfo *root, Gene *tour, int num_gene)
+{
+ int i,
+ j;
+
+ /*
+ * We must fill the tour[] array with a random permutation of the numbers
+ * 1 .. num_gene. We can do that in one pass using the "inside-out"
+ * variant of the Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm. Notionally, we append
+ * each new value to the array and then swap it with a randomly-chosen
+ * array element (possibly including itself, else we fail to generate
+ * permutations with the last city last). The swap step can be optimized
+ * by combining it with the insertion.
+ */
+ if (num_gene > 0)
+ tour[0] = (Gene) 1;
+
+ for (i = 1; i < num_gene; i++)
+ {
+ j = geqo_randint(root, i, 0);
+ /* i != j check avoids fetching uninitialized array element */
+ if (i != j)
+ tour[i] = tour[j];
+ tour[j] = (Gene) (i + 1);
+ }
+}
+
+/* city table is used in these recombination methods: */
+#if defined(CX) || defined(PX) || defined(OX1) || defined(OX2)
+
+/* alloc_city_table
+ *
+ * allocate memory for city table
+ */
+City *
+alloc_city_table(PlannerInfo *root, int num_gene)
+{
+ City *city_table;
+
+ /*
+ * palloc one extra location so that nodes numbered 1..n can be indexed
+ * directly; 0 will not be used
+ */
+ city_table = (City *) palloc((num_gene + 1) * sizeof(City));
+
+ return city_table;
+}
+
+/* free_city_table
+ *
+ * deallocate memory of city table
+ */
+void
+free_city_table(PlannerInfo *root, City * city_table)
+{
+ pfree(city_table);
+}
+
+#endif /* CX || PX || OX1 || OX2 */