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+--
+-- BTREE_INDEX
+--
+
+-- directory paths are passed to us in environment variables
+\getenv abs_srcdir PG_ABS_SRCDIR
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_i4_heap (
+ seqno int4,
+ random int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_name_heap (
+ seqno name,
+ random int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_txt_heap (
+ seqno text,
+ random int4
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE bt_f8_heap (
+ seqno float8,
+ random int4
+);
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_i4_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_name_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/desc.data'
+COPY bt_txt_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+\set filename :abs_srcdir '/data/hash.data'
+COPY bt_f8_heap FROM :'filename';
+
+ANALYZE bt_i4_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_name_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_txt_heap;
+ANALYZE bt_f8_heap;
+
+--
+-- BTREE ascending/descending cases
+--
+-- we load int4/text from pure descending data (each key is a new
+-- low key) and name/f8 from pure ascending data (each key is a new
+-- high key). we had a bug where new low keys would sometimes be
+-- "lost".
+--
+CREATE INDEX bt_i4_index ON bt_i4_heap USING btree (seqno int4_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_name_index ON bt_name_heap USING btree (seqno name_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_txt_index ON bt_txt_heap USING btree (seqno text_ops);
+
+CREATE INDEX bt_f8_index ON bt_f8_heap USING btree (seqno float8_ops);
+
+--
+-- test retrieval of min/max keys for each index
+--
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_i4_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno < 1;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_i4_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno >= 9999;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_i4_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno = 4500;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_name_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno < '1'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_name_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_name_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::name;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_txt_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno < '1'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_txt_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_txt_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::text;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_f8_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno < '1'::float8;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_f8_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno >= '9999'::float8;
+
+SELECT b.*
+ FROM bt_f8_heap b
+ WHERE b.seqno = '4500'::float8;
+
+--
+-- Check correct optimization of LIKE (special index operator support)
+-- for both indexscan and bitmapscan cases
+--
+
+set enable_seqscan to false;
+set enable_indexscan to true;
+set enable_bitmapscan to false;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+
+set enable_indexscan to false;
+set enable_bitmapscan to true;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname like E'RI\\_FKey%del' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike '00%foo' order by 1;
+explain (costs off)
+select proname from pg_proc where proname ilike 'ri%foo' order by 1;
+
+reset enable_seqscan;
+reset enable_indexscan;
+reset enable_bitmapscan;
+
+-- Also check LIKE optimization with binary-compatible cases
+
+create temp table btree_bpchar (f1 text collate "C");
+create index on btree_bpchar(f1 bpchar_ops) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+insert into btree_bpchar values ('foo'), ('fool'), ('bar'), ('quux');
+-- doesn't match index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1 like 'foo%';
+-- these do match the index:
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo';
+explain (costs off)
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+select * from btree_bpchar where f1::bpchar like 'foo%';
+
+-- get test coverage for "single value" deduplication strategy:
+insert into btree_bpchar select 'foo' from generate_series(1,1500);
+
+--
+-- Perform unique checking, with and without the use of deduplication
+--
+CREATE TABLE dedup_unique_test_table (a int) WITH (autovacuum_enabled=false);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX dedup_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=on);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX plain_unique ON dedup_unique_test_table (a) WITH (deduplicate_items=off);
+-- Generate enough garbage tuples in index to ensure that even the unique index
+-- with deduplication enabled has to check multiple leaf pages during unique
+-- checking (at least with a BLCKSZ of 8192 or less)
+DO $$
+BEGIN
+ FOR r IN 1..1350 LOOP
+ DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table;
+ INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT 1;
+ END LOOP;
+END$$;
+
+-- Exercise the LP_DEAD-bit-set tuple deletion code with a posting list tuple.
+-- The implementation prefers deleting existing items to merging any duplicate
+-- tuples into a posting list, so we need an explicit test to make sure we get
+-- coverage (note that this test also assumes BLCKSZ is 8192 or less):
+DROP INDEX plain_unique;
+DELETE FROM dedup_unique_test_table WHERE a = 1;
+INSERT INTO dedup_unique_test_table SELECT i FROM generate_series(0,450) i;
+
+--
+-- Test B-tree fast path (cache rightmost leaf page) optimization.
+--
+
+-- First create a tree that's at least three levels deep (i.e. has one level
+-- between the root and leaf levels). The text inserted is long. It won't be
+-- TOAST compressed because we use plain storage in the table. Only a few
+-- index tuples fit on each internal page, allowing us to get a tall tree with
+-- few pages. (A tall tree is required to trigger caching.)
+--
+-- The text column must be the leading column in the index, since suffix
+-- truncation would otherwise truncate tuples on internal pages, leaving us
+-- with a short tree.
+create table btree_tall_tbl(id int4, t text);
+alter table btree_tall_tbl alter COLUMN t set storage plain;
+create index btree_tall_idx on btree_tall_tbl (t, id) with (fillfactor = 10);
+insert into btree_tall_tbl select g, repeat('x', 250)
+from generate_series(1, 130) g;
+
+--
+-- Test for multilevel page deletion
+--
+CREATE TABLE delete_test_table (a bigint, b bigint, c bigint, d bigint);
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,80000) i;
+ALTER TABLE delete_test_table ADD PRIMARY KEY (a,b,c,d);
+-- Delete most entries, and vacuum, deleting internal pages and creating "fast
+-- root"
+DELETE FROM delete_test_table WHERE a < 79990;
+VACUUM delete_test_table;
+
+--
+-- Test B-tree insertion with a metapage update (XLOG_BTREE_INSERT_META
+-- WAL record type). This happens when a "fast root" page is split. This
+-- also creates coverage for nbtree FSM page recycling.
+--
+-- The vacuum above should've turned the leaf page into a fast root. We just
+-- need to insert some rows to cause the fast root page to split.
+INSERT INTO delete_test_table SELECT i, 1, 2, 3 FROM generate_series(1,1000) i;
+
+-- Test unsupported btree opclass parameters
+create index on btree_tall_tbl (id int4_ops(foo=1));
+
+-- Test case of ALTER INDEX with abuse of column names for indexes.
+-- This grammar is not officially supported, but the parser allows it.
+CREATE INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ON btree_tall_tbl (id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_tall_idx2 ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+DROP INDEX btree_tall_idx2;
+-- Partitioned index
+CREATE TABLE btree_part (id int4) PARTITION BY RANGE (id);
+CREATE INDEX btree_part_idx ON btree_part(id);
+ALTER INDEX btree_part_idx ALTER COLUMN id SET (n_distinct=100);
+DROP TABLE btree_part;