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+--
+-- Test of Row-level security feature
+--
+
+-- Clean up in case a prior regression run failed
+
+-- Suppress NOTICE messages when users/groups don't exist
+SET client_min_messages TO 'warning';
+
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE IF EXISTS regress_rls_group2;
+
+DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+
+RESET client_min_messages;
+
+-- initial setup
+CREATE USER regress_rls_alice NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_bob NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_carol NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_dave NOLOGIN;
+CREATE USER regress_rls_exempt_user BYPASSRLS NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group1 NOLOGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_group2 NOLOGIN;
+
+GRANT regress_rls_group1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT regress_rls_group2 TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA regress_rls_schema to public;
+SET search_path = regress_rls_schema;
+
+-- setup of malicious function
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_leak(text) RETURNS bool
+ COST 0.0000001 LANGUAGE plpgsql
+ AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''f_leak => %'', $1; RETURN true; END';
+GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION f_leak(text) TO public;
+
+-- BASIC Row-Level Security Scenario
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE uaccount (
+ pguser name primary key,
+ seclv int
+);
+GRANT SELECT ON uaccount TO public;
+INSERT INTO uaccount VALUES
+ ('regress_rls_alice', 99),
+ ('regress_rls_bob', 1),
+ ('regress_rls_carol', 2),
+ ('regress_rls_dave', 3);
+
+CREATE TABLE category (
+ cid int primary key,
+ cname text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON category TO public;
+INSERT INTO category VALUES
+ (11, 'novel'),
+ (22, 'science fiction'),
+ (33, 'technology'),
+ (44, 'manga');
+
+CREATE TABLE document (
+ did int primary key,
+ cid int references category(cid),
+ dlevel int not null,
+ dauthor name,
+ dtitle text
+);
+GRANT ALL ON document TO public;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES
+ ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+ ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+ ( 3, 22, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science fiction'),
+ ( 4, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first manga'),
+ ( 5, 44, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second manga'),
+ ( 6, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+ ( 7, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+ ( 8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great manga'),
+ ( 9, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+ (10, 33, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+
+ALTER TABLE document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS PERMISSIVE
+ USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- try to create a policy of bogus type
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document AS UGLY
+ USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- but Dave isn't allowed to anything at cid 50 or above
+-- this is to make sure that we sort the policies by name first
+-- when applying WITH CHECK, a later INSERT by Dave should fail due
+-- to p1r first
+CREATE POLICY p2r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+ USING (cid <> 44 AND cid < 50);
+
+-- and Dave isn't allowed to see manga documents
+CREATE POLICY p1r ON document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+ USING (cid <> 44);
+
+\dp
+\d document
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename = 'document' ORDER BY policyname;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+ WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- try a sampled version
+SELECT * FROM document TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(50) REPEATABLE(0)
+ WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- 44 would technically fail for both p2r and p1r, but we should get an error
+-- back from p1r for this because it sorts first
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+-- Just to see a p2r error
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing sorting of policies'); -- fail
+
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (true); --fail
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document; --fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER by did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM document NATURAL JOIN category WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- interaction of FK/PK constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON category
+ USING (CASE WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_bob' THEN cid IN (11, 33)
+ WHEN current_user = 'regress_rls_carol' THEN cid IN (22, 44)
+ ELSE false END);
+
+ALTER TABLE category ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- cannot delete PK referenced by invisible FK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+DELETE FROM category WHERE cid = 33; -- fails with FK violation
+
+-- can insert FK referencing invisible PK
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM document d FULL OUTER JOIN category c on d.cid = c.cid ORDER BY d.did, c.cid;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (11, 33, 1, current_user, 'hoge');
+
+-- UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint violation DOES reveal presence of row
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my third manga'); -- Must fail with unique violation, revealing presence of did we can't see
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 8; -- and confirm we can't see it
+
+-- RLS policies are checked before constraints
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (8, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my third manga'); -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+UPDATE document SET did = 8, dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol' WHERE did = 5; -- Should fail with RLS check violation, not duplicate key violation
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when disabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS disabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM document;
+SELECT * FROM category;
+
+--
+-- Table inheritance and RLS policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET row_security TO ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (id int not null primary key, a int, junk1 text, b text);
+ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN junk1; -- just a disturbing factor
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO public;
+
+COPY t1 FROM stdin WITH ;
+101 1 aba
+102 2 bbb
+103 3 ccc
+104 4 dad
+\.
+
+CREATE TABLE t2 (c float) INHERITS (t1);
+GRANT ALL ON t2 TO public;
+
+COPY t2 FROM stdin;
+201 1 abc 1.1
+202 2 bcd 2.2
+203 3 cde 3.3
+204 4 def 4.4
+\.
+
+CREATE TABLE t3 (id int not null primary key, c text, b text, a int);
+ALTER TABLE t3 INHERIT t1;
+GRANT ALL ON t3 TO public;
+
+COPY t3(id, a,b,c) FROM stdin;
+301 1 xxx X
+302 2 yyy Y
+303 3 zzz Z
+\.
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 0); -- be even number
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t2 FOR ALL TO PUBLIC USING (a % 2 = 1); -- be odd number
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE t2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- reference to system column
+SELECT tableoid::regclass, * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+
+-- reference to whole-row reference
+SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT *, t1 FROM t1;
+
+-- for share/update lock
+SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 FOR SHARE;
+
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) FOR SHARE;
+
+-- union all query
+SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b, tableoid::regclass FROM t3;
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+--
+-- Partitioned Tables
+--
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE part_document (
+ did int,
+ cid int,
+ dlevel int not null,
+ dauthor name,
+ dtitle text
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (cid);
+GRANT ALL ON part_document TO public;
+
+-- Create partitions for document categories
+CREATE TABLE part_document_fiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (11) to (12);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_satire PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (55) to (56);
+CREATE TABLE part_document_nonfiction PARTITION OF part_document FOR VALUES FROM (99) to (100);
+
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_fiction TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_satire TO public;
+GRANT ALL ON part_document_nonfiction TO public;
+
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES
+ ( 1, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel'),
+ ( 2, 11, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my second novel'),
+ ( 3, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my science textbook'),
+ ( 4, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first satire'),
+ ( 5, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my history book'),
+ ( 6, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great science fiction'),
+ ( 7, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great technology book'),
+ ( 8, 55, 2, 'regress_rls_carol', 'great satire'),
+ ( 9, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome science fiction'),
+ (10, 99, 2, 'regress_rls_dave', 'awesome technology book');
+
+ALTER TABLE part_document ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Create policy on parent
+-- user's security level must be higher than or equal to document's
+CREATE POLICY pp1 ON part_document AS PERMISSIVE
+ USING (dlevel <= (SELECT seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+-- Dave is only allowed to see cid < 55
+CREATE POLICY pp1r ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE TO regress_rls_dave
+ USING (cid < 55);
+
+\d+ part_document
+SELECT * FROM pg_policies WHERE schemaname = 'regress_rls_schema' AND tablename like '%part_document%' ORDER BY policyname;
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- pp1 ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1'); -- fail
+-- pp1r ERROR
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 99, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing pp1r'); -- fail
+
+-- Show that RLS policy does not apply for direct inserts to children
+-- This should fail with RLS POLICY pp1r violation.
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+-- But this should succeed.
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (100, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- success
+-- We still cannot see the row using the parent
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+-- But we can if we look directly
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- Turn on RLS and create policy on child to show RLS is checked before constraints
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER TABLE part_document_satire ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document_satire AS RESTRICTIVE
+ USING (cid < 55);
+-- This should fail with RLS violation now.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+INSERT INTO part_document_satire VALUES (101, 55, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'testing RLS with partitions'); -- fail
+-- And now we cannot see directly into the partition either, due to RLS
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+-- The parent looks same as before
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_dave
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_carol
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- only owner can change policies
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (true); --fail
+DROP POLICY pp1 ON part_document; --fail
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY pp1 ON part_document USING (dauthor = current_user);
+
+-- viewpoint from regress_rls_bob again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+-- viewpoint from rls_regres_carol again
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle) ORDER BY did;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM part_document WHERE f_leak(dtitle);
+
+-- database superuser does bypass RLS policy when enabled
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- database non-superuser with bypass privilege can bypass RLS policy when disabled
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER BY did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- RLS policy does not apply to table owner when RLS enabled.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- When RLS disabled, other users get ERROR.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_dave;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM part_document ORDER by did;
+SELECT * FROM part_document_satire ORDER by did;
+
+-- Check behavior with a policy that uses a SubPlan not an InitPlan.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE POLICY pp3 ON part_document AS RESTRICTIVE
+ USING ((SELECT dlevel <= seclv FROM uaccount WHERE pguser = current_user));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+INSERT INTO part_document VALUES (100, 11, 5, 'regress_rls_carol', 'testing pp3'); -- fail
+
+----- Dependencies -----
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE dependee (x integer, y integer);
+
+CREATE TABLE dependent (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY d1 ON dependent FOR ALL
+ TO PUBLIC
+ USING (x = (SELECT d.x FROM dependee d WHERE d.y = y));
+
+DROP TABLE dependee; -- Should fail without CASCADE due to dependency on row security qual?
+
+DROP TABLE dependee CASCADE;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM dependent; -- After drop, should be unqualified
+
+----- RECURSION ----
+
+--
+-- Simple recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec1 (x integer, y integer);
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT r.x FROM rec1 r WHERE y = r.y));
+ALTER TABLE rec1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, direct recursion
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rec2 (a integer, b integer);
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2 WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1 WHERE y = b));
+ALTER TABLE rec2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rec1v AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+ALTER POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion via views
+
+--
+-- Mutual recursion via .s.b views
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+DROP VIEW rec1v, rec2v CASCADE;
+
+CREATE VIEW rec1v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec1;
+CREATE VIEW rec2v WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM rec2;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY r1 ON rec1 USING (x = (SELECT a FROM rec2v WHERE b = y));
+CREATE POLICY r2 ON rec2 USING (a = (SELECT x FROM rec1v WHERE y = b));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rec1; -- fail, mutual recursion via s.b. views
+
+--
+-- recursive RLS and VIEWs in policy
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE s1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO s1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+
+CREATE TABLE s2 (x int, y text);
+INSERT INTO s2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-6,6) x);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON s1, s2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from s2 where y like '%2f%'));
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%22%'));
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON s1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a = (SELECT a FROM s1));
+
+ALTER TABLE s1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE s2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%af%';
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+
+INSERT INTO s1 VALUES (1, 'foo'); -- fail (infinite recursion)
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3 on s1;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x % 2 = 0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- OK
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM only s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON s1 USING (a in (select x from v2)); -- using VIEW in RLS policy
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- OK
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT (SELECT x FROM s1 LIMIT 1) xx, * FROM s2 WHERE y like '%28%';
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ALTER POLICY p2 ON s2 USING (x in (select a from s1 where b like '%d2%'));
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE f_leak(b); -- fail (infinite recursion via view)
+
+-- prepared statement with regress_rls_alice privilege
+PREPARE p1(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a <= $1;
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+
+-- superuser is allowed to bypass RLS checks
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- plan cache should be invalidated
+EXECUTE p1(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p1(2);
+
+PREPARE p2(int) AS SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = $1;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+
+-- also, case when privilege switch from superuser
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXECUTE p2(2);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE p2(2);
+
+--
+-- UPDATE / DELETE and Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b || b WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+-- returning clause with system column
+UPDATE only t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+UPDATE t1 SET b = b WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+
+-- updates with from clause
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t3
+WHERE t2.a = 3 and t3.a = 2 AND f_leak(t2.b) AND f_leak(t3.b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+UPDATE t1 SET b=t1.b FROM t2
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+UPDATE t2 SET b=t2.b FROM t1
+WHERE t1.a = 3 and t2.a = 3 AND f_leak(t1.b) AND f_leak(t2.b);
+
+-- updates with from clause self join
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+
+UPDATE t2 t2_1 SET b = t2_2.b FROM t2 t2_2
+WHERE t2_1.a = 3 AND t2_2.a = t2_1.a AND t2_2.b = t2_1.b
+AND f_leak(t2_1.b) AND f_leak(t2_2.b) RETURNING *, t2_1, t2_2;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+
+UPDATE t1 t1_1 SET b = t1_2.b FROM t1 t1_2
+WHERE t1_1.a = 4 AND t1_2.a = t1_1.a AND t1_2.b = t1_1.b
+AND f_leak(t1_1.b) AND f_leak(t1_2.b) RETURNING *, t1_1, t1_2;
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+DELETE FROM only t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+DELETE FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING tableoid::regclass, *, t1;
+
+--
+-- S.b. view on top of Row-level security
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE b1 (a int, b text);
+INSERT INTO b1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(-10,10) x);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON b1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+ALTER TABLE b1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL ON b1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW bv1 WITH (security_barrier) AS SELECT * FROM b1 WHERE a > 0 WITH CHECK OPTION;
+GRANT ALL ON bv1 TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+SELECT * FROM bv1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (-1, 'xxx'); -- should fail view WCO
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (11, 'xxx'); -- should fail RLS check
+INSERT INTO bv1 VALUES (12, 'xxx'); -- ok
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+UPDATE bv1 SET b = 'yyy' WHERE a = 4 AND f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+DELETE FROM bv1 WHERE a = 6 AND f_leak(b);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM b1;
+--
+-- INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE and Row-level security
+--
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p1r ON document;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+ WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Exists...
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 2;
+
+-- ...so violates actual WITH CHECK OPTION within UPDATE (not INSERT, since
+-- alternative UPDATE path happens to be taken):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, dauthor = EXCLUDED.dauthor;
+
+-- Violates USING qual for UPDATE policy p3.
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken, but UPDATE fails purely because *existing* row to be
+-- updated is not a "novel"/cid 11 (row is not leaked, even though we have
+-- SELECT privileges sufficient to see the row in this instance):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, 22, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'okay science fiction'); -- preparation for next statement
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (33, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'Some novel, replaces sci-fi') -- takes UPDATE path
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+-- Fine (we UPDATE, since INSERT WCOs and UPDATE security barrier quals + WCOs
+-- not violated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+-- Fine (we INSERT, so "cid = 33" ("technology") isn't evaluated):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Fine (same query, but we UPDATE, so "cid = 33", ("technology") is not the
+-- case in respect of *existing* tuple):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Same query a third time, but now fails due to existing tuple finally not
+-- passing quals:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (78, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'some technology novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33 RETURNING *;
+-- Don't fail just because INSERT doesn't satisfy WITH CHECK option that
+-- originated as a barrier/USING() qual from the UPDATE. Note that the UPDATE
+-- path *isn't* taken, and so UPDATE-related policy does not apply:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+-- But this time, the same statement fails, because the UPDATE path is taken,
+-- and updating the row just inserted falls afoul of security barrier qual
+-- (enforced as WCO) -- what we might have updated target tuple to is
+-- irrelevant, in fact.
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+-- Test default USING qual enforced as WCO
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON document;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON document;
+
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_default ON document FOR UPDATE
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Just because WCO-style enforcement of USING quals occurs with
+-- existing/target tuple does not mean that the implementation can be allowed
+-- to fail to also enforce this qual against the final tuple appended to
+-- relation (since in the absence of an explicit WCO, this is also interpreted
+-- as an UPDATE/ALL WCO in general).
+--
+-- UPDATE path is taken here (fails due to existing tuple). Note that this is
+-- not reported as a "USING expression", because it's an RLS UPDATE check that originated as
+-- a USING qual for the purposes of RLS in general, as opposed to an explicit
+-- USING qual that is ordinarily a security barrier. We leave it up to the
+-- UPDATE to make this fail:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (79, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'technology book, can only insert')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE path is taken here. Existing tuple passes, since its cid
+-- corresponds to "novel", but default USING qual is enforced against
+-- post-UPDATE tuple too (as always when updating with a policy that lacks an
+-- explicit WCO), and so this fails:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (2, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET cid = EXCLUDED.cid, dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle RETURNING *;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_default ON document;
+
+--
+-- Test ALL policies with ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE (much the same as existing UPDATE
+-- tests)
+--
+CREATE POLICY p3_with_all ON document FOR ALL
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+ WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO is enforced in insert path:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (80, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_carol', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle, cid = 33;
+-- Fails, since ALL policy USING qual is enforced (existing, target tuple is in
+-- violation, since it has the "manga" cid):
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (4, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dtitle = EXCLUDED.dtitle;
+-- Fails, since ALL WCO are enforced:
+INSERT INTO document VALUES (1, (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'), 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'my first novel')
+ ON CONFLICT (did) DO UPDATE SET dauthor = 'regress_rls_carol';
+
+--
+-- MERGE
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p3_with_all ON document;
+
+ALTER TABLE document ADD COLUMN dnotes text DEFAULT '';
+-- all documents are readable
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT USING (true);
+-- one may insert documents only authored by them
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON document FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (dauthor = current_user);
+-- one may only update documents in 'novel' category and new dlevel must be > 0
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON document FOR UPDATE
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'))
+ WITH CHECK (dlevel > 0);
+-- one may only delete documents in 'manga' category
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON document FOR DELETE
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'manga'));
+
+SELECT * FROM document;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Fails, since update violates WITH CHECK qual on dlevel
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge1 ', dlevel = 0;
+
+-- Should be OK since USING and WITH CHECK quals pass
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge2 ';
+
+-- Even when dlevel is updated explicitly, but to the existing value
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge3 ', dlevel = 1;
+
+-- There is a MATCH for did = 3, but UPDATE's USING qual does not allow
+-- updating an item in category 'science fiction'
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge ';
+
+-- The same thing with DELETE action, but fails again because no permissions
+-- to delete items in 'science fiction' category that did 3 belongs to.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 3 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE;
+
+-- Document with did 4 belongs to 'manga' category which is allowed for
+-- deletion. But this fails because the UPDATE action is matched first and
+-- UPDATE policy does not allow updation in the category.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes = '' THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE;
+
+-- UPDATE action is not matched this time because of the WHEN qual.
+-- DELETE still fails because role regress_rls_bob does not have SELECT
+-- privileges on 'manga' category row in the category table.
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE;
+
+-- OK if DELETE is replaced with DO NOTHING
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DO NOTHING;
+
+SELECT * FROM document WHERE did = 4;
+
+-- Switch to regress_rls_carol role and try the DELETE again. It should succeed
+-- this time
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 4 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED AND dnotes <> '' THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge '
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE;
+
+-- Switch back to regress_rls_bob role
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Try INSERT action. This fails because we are trying to insert
+-- dauthor = regress_rls_dave and INSERT's WITH CHECK does not allow
+-- that
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+ INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_dave', 'another novel');
+
+-- This should be fine
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 12 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ DELETE
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+ INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- ok
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge4 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+ INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- drop and create a new SELECT policy which prevents us from reading
+-- any document except with category 'novel'
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON document FOR SELECT
+ USING (cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel'));
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- MERGE can no longer see the matching row and hence attempts the
+-- NOT MATCHED action, which results in unique key violation
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 7 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge5 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+ INSERT VALUES (12, 11, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'another novel');
+
+-- UPDATE action fails if new row is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge6 ',
+ cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'technology');
+
+-- but OK if new row is visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 1 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge7 ',
+ cid = (SELECT cid from category WHERE cname = 'novel');
+
+-- OK to insert a new row that is not visible
+MERGE INTO document d
+USING (SELECT 13 as sdid) s
+ON did = s.sdid
+WHEN MATCHED THEN
+ UPDATE SET dnotes = dnotes || ' notes added by merge8 '
+WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
+ INSERT VALUES (13, 44, 1, 'regress_rls_bob', 'new manga');
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+-- drop the restrictive SELECT policy so that we can look at the
+-- final state of the table
+DROP POLICY p1 ON document;
+-- Just check everything went per plan
+SELECT * FROM document;
+
+--
+-- ROLE/GROUP
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE z2 (a int, b text);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON z1,z2 TO regress_rls_group1, regress_rls_group2,
+ regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+
+INSERT INTO z1 VALUES
+ (1, 'aba'),
+ (2, 'bbb'),
+ (3, 'ccc'),
+ (4, 'dad');
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON z1 TO regress_rls_group2 USING (a % 2 = 1);
+
+ALTER TABLE z1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+PREPARE plancache_test AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+
+PREPARE plancache_test2 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM q,z2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+
+PREPARE plancache_test3 AS WITH q AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM z2) SELECT * FROM q,z1 WHERE f_leak(z1.b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+SET ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE plancache_test3;
+
+--
+-- Views should follow policy for view owner.
+--
+-- View and Table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view or table. Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as view/table owner. Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+-- View and Table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of view but is owner of table.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view.
+-- Should return records based on view owner policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE z1_blacklist (a int);
+INSERT INTO z1_blacklist VALUES (3), (4);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+REVOKE SELECT ON z1_blacklist FROM regress_rls_bob;
+DROP POLICY p3 ON z1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+--
+-- Security invoker views should follow policy for current user.
+--
+-- View and table owner are the same.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+ SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Query as table owner. Should return all records.
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- View and table owners are different.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_view WITH (security_invoker) AS
+ SELECT * FROM z1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Query as table owner. Should return all records.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Queries as other users.
+-- Should return records based on current user's policies.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Policy requiring access to another table.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON z1 AS RESTRICTIVE USING (a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM z1_blacklist));
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not owner of table but is owner of view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view; --fail - permission denied.
+
+-- Query as role that is not the owner of the table or view with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+GRANT SELECT ON z1_blacklist TO regress_rls_carol;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_view;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+
+--
+-- Command specific
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE x1 (a int, b text, c text);
+GRANT ALL ON x1 TO PUBLIC;
+
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+ (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+ (5, 'efg', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (6, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (7, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol'),
+ (8, 'fgh', 'regress_rls_carol');
+
+CREATE POLICY p0 ON x1 FOR ALL USING (c = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON x1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON x1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (a % 2 = 1);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON x1 FOR UPDATE USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON x1 FOR DELETE USING (a < 8);
+
+ALTER TABLE x1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SELECT * FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) ORDER BY a ASC;
+UPDATE x1 SET b = b || '_updt' WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+DELETE FROM x1 WHERE f_leak(b) RETURNING *;
+
+--
+-- Duplicate Policy Names
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE y1 (a int, b text);
+CREATE TABLE y2 (a int, b text);
+
+GRANT ALL ON y1, y2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a > 2);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y1 FOR SELECT USING (a % 2 = 1); --fail
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON y2 FOR ALL USING (a % 2 = 0); --OK
+
+ALTER TABLE y1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE y2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+--
+-- Expression structure with SBV
+--
+-- Create view as table owner. RLS should NOT be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+ SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+
+-- Create view as role that does not own table. RLS should be applied.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE VIEW rls_sbv WITH (security_barrier) AS
+ SELECT * FROM y1 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM rls_sbv WHERE (a = 1);
+DROP VIEW rls_sbv;
+
+--
+-- Expression structure
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+INSERT INTO y2 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON y2 USING (a % 3 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON y2 USING (a % 4 = 0);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+--
+-- Qual push-down of leaky functions, when not referring to table
+--
+SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 WHERE f_leak('abc');
+
+CREATE TABLE test_qual_pushdown (
+ abc text
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_qual_pushdown VALUES ('abc'),('def');
+
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(abc);
+
+SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM y2 JOIN test_qual_pushdown ON (b = abc) WHERE f_leak(b);
+
+DROP TABLE test_qual_pushdown;
+
+--
+-- Plancache invalidate on user change.
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer);
+
+GRANT SELECT ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_carol;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob USING ((a % 2) = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON t1 TO regress_rls_carol USING ((a % 4) = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Prepare as regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+PREPARE role_inval AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+-- Check plan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+-- Change to regress_rls_carol
+SET ROLE regress_rls_carol;
+-- Check plan- should be different
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+-- Change back to regress_rls_bob
+SET ROLE regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check plan- should be back to original
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) EXECUTE role_inval;
+
+--
+-- CTE and RLS
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE t1 CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON t1 USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE t1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON t1 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+INSERT INTO t1 (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,20) x);
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+WITH cte1 AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f_leak(b)) SELECT * FROM cte1;
+
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a + 1 RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+WITH cte1 AS (UPDATE t1 SET a = a RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (21, 'Fail') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --fail
+WITH cte1 AS (INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (20, 'Success') RETURNING *) SELECT * FROM cte1; --ok
+
+--
+-- Rename Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p1; --fail
+
+SELECT polname, relname
+ FROM pg_policy pol
+ JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+ WHERE relname = 't1';
+
+ALTER POLICY p1 ON t1 RENAME TO p2; --ok
+
+SELECT polname, relname
+ FROM pg_policy pol
+ JOIN pg_class pc ON (pc.oid = pol.polrelid)
+ WHERE relname = 't1';
+
+--
+-- Check INSERT SELECT
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+CREATE TABLE t2 (a integer, b text);
+INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) INSERT INTO t2 (SELECT * FROM t1);
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t2;
+CREATE TABLE t3 AS SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t3;
+SELECT * INTO t4 FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t4;
+
+--
+-- RLS with JOIN
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE blog (id integer, author text, post text);
+CREATE TABLE comment (blog_id integer, message text);
+
+GRANT ALL ON blog, comment TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY blog_1 ON blog USING (id % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE blog ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+INSERT INTO blog VALUES
+ (1, 'alice', 'blog #1'),
+ (2, 'bob', 'blog #1'),
+ (3, 'alice', 'blog #2'),
+ (4, 'alice', 'blog #3'),
+ (5, 'john', 'blog #1');
+
+INSERT INTO comment VALUES
+ (1, 'cool blog'),
+ (1, 'fun blog'),
+ (3, 'crazy blog'),
+ (5, 'what?'),
+ (4, 'insane!'),
+ (2, 'who did it?');
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN with Non-RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+-- Check Non-RLS JOIN with RLS.
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE POLICY comment_1 ON comment USING (blog_id < 4);
+
+ALTER TABLE comment ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Check RLS JOIN RLS
+SELECT id, author, message FROM blog JOIN comment ON id = blog_id;
+SELECT id, author, message FROM comment JOIN blog ON id = blog_id;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE blog, comment;
+
+--
+-- Default Deny Policy
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP POLICY p2 ON t1;
+ALTER TABLE t1 OWNER TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to superuser.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+-- Check that default deny does not apply to table owner.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+-- Check that default deny applies to non-owner/non-superuser when RLS on.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT * FROM t1;
+
+--
+-- COPY TO/FROM
+--
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t CASCADE;
+CREATE TABLE copy_t (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_t USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE copy_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON copy_t TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+
+INSERT INTO copy_t (SELECT x, md5(x::text) FROM generate_series(0,10) x);
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY (SELECT * FROM copy_t ORDER BY a ASC) TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check COPY relation TO; keep it just one row to avoid reordering issues
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to (a integer, b text);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON copy_rel_to USING (a % 2 = 0);
+
+ALTER TABLE copy_rel_to ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+GRANT ALL ON copy_rel_to TO regress_rls_bob, regress_rls_exempt_user;
+
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to VALUES (1, md5('1'));
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check behavior with a child table.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+CREATE TABLE copy_rel_to_child () INHERITS (copy_rel_to);
+INSERT INTO copy_rel_to_child VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two');
+
+-- Check COPY TO as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ',';
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - would be affected by RLS
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --ok
+
+-- Check COPY TO as user without permissions. SET row_security TO OFF;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_rel_to TO STDOUT WITH DELIMITER ','; --fail - permission denied
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as Superuser/owner.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1 abc
+2 bcd
+3 cde
+4 def
+\.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1 abc
+2 bcd
+3 cde
+4 def
+\.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - would be affected by RLS.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - COPY FROM not supported by RLS.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user with permissions and BYPASSRLS
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_exempt_user;
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --ok
+1 abc
+2 bcd
+3 cde
+4 def
+\.
+
+-- Check COPY FROM as user without permissions.
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_carol;
+SET row_security TO OFF;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+SET row_security TO ON;
+COPY copy_t FROM STDIN; --fail - permission denied.
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE copy_t;
+DROP TABLE copy_rel_to CASCADE;
+
+-- Check WHERE CURRENT OF
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+
+CREATE TABLE current_check (currentid int, payload text, rlsuser text);
+GRANT ALL ON current_check TO PUBLIC;
+
+INSERT INTO current_check VALUES
+ (1, 'abc', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (2, 'bcd', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (3, 'cde', 'regress_rls_bob'),
+ (4, 'def', 'regress_rls_bob');
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON current_check FOR SELECT USING (currentid % 2 = 0);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON current_check FOR DELETE USING (currentid = 4 AND rlsuser = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON current_check FOR UPDATE USING (currentid = 4) WITH CHECK (rlsuser = current_user);
+
+ALTER TABLE current_check ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+
+-- Can SELECT even rows
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+
+-- Cannot UPDATE row 2
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE currentid = 2 RETURNING *;
+
+BEGIN;
+
+DECLARE current_check_cursor SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- Returns rows that can be seen according to SELECT policy, like plain SELECT
+-- above (even rows)
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+-- Still cannot UPDATE row 2 through cursor
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+-- Can update row 4 through cursor, which is the next visible row
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload || '_new' WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+-- Plan should be a subquery TID scan
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) UPDATE current_check SET payload = payload WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor;
+-- Similarly can only delete row 4
+FETCH ABSOLUTE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+FETCH RELATIVE 1 FROM current_check_cursor;
+DELETE FROM current_check WHERE CURRENT OF current_check_cursor RETURNING *;
+SELECT * FROM current_check;
+
+COMMIT;
+
+--
+-- check pg_stats view filtering
+--
+SET row_security TO ON;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+ANALYZE current_check;
+-- Stats visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+ WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+ ORDER BY 1;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+-- Stats not visible
+SELECT row_security_active('current_check');
+SELECT attname, most_common_vals FROM pg_stats
+ WHERE tablename = 'current_check'
+ ORDER BY 1;
+
+--
+-- Collation support
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE coll_t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY coll_p ON coll_t USING (c < ('foo'::text COLLATE "C"));
+ALTER TABLE coll_t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON coll_t TO regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT (string_to_array(polqual, ':'))[7] AS inputcollid FROM pg_policy WHERE polrelid = 'coll_t'::regclass;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM coll_t;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Shared Object Dependencies
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_frank;
+CREATE TABLE tbl1 (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+GRANT SELECT ON TABLE tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve;
+CREATE POLICY P ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_eve, regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+ FROM pg_depend
+ WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+ AND refobjid = 'tbl1'::regclass;
+SELECT refclassid::regclass, deptype
+ FROM pg_shdepend
+ WHERE classid = 'pg_policy'::regclass
+ AND refobjid IN ('regress_rls_eve'::regrole, 'regress_rls_frank'::regrole);
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ALTER POLICY p ON tbl1 TO regress_rls_frank USING (true);
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --fails due to dependency on GRANT SELECT
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+REVOKE ALL ON TABLE tbl1 FROM regress_rls_eve;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_eve; --succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; --fails due to dependency on POLICY p
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+DROP POLICY p ON tbl1;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_frank; -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ROLLBACK; -- cleanup
+
+--
+-- Converting table to view
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c int);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (c % 2 = 1);
+ALTER TABLE t ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+ SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to row-level security enabled
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+ALTER TABLE t DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+SAVEPOINT q;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+ SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- fails due to policy p on t
+ROLLBACK TO q;
+
+DROP POLICY p ON t;
+CREATE RULE "_RETURN" AS ON SELECT TO t DO INSTEAD
+ SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,5) t0(c); -- succeeds
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Policy expression handling
+--
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE t (c) AS VALUES ('bar'::text);
+CREATE POLICY p ON t USING (max(c)); -- fails: aggregate functions are not allowed in policy expressions
+ROLLBACK;
+
+--
+-- Non-target relations are only subject to SELECT policies
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+GRANT ALL ON r1, r2 TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 FOR SELECT USING (true);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r2 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (false);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r2 FOR UPDATE USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON r2 FOR DELETE USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_bob;
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+
+-- r2 is read-only
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (2); -- Not allowed
+UPDATE r2 SET a = 2 RETURNING *; -- Updates nothing
+DELETE FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- Deletes nothing
+
+-- r2 can be used as a non-target relation in DML
+INSERT INTO r1 SELECT a + 1 FROM r2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+UPDATE r1 SET a = r2.a + 2 FROM r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a RETURNING *; -- OK
+DELETE FROM r1 USING r2 WHERE r1.a = r2.a + 2 RETURNING *; -- OK
+SELECT * FROM r1;
+SELECT * FROM r2;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+DROP TABLE r2;
+
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY applies RLS to owners too
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- RLS error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (1);
+
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to update)
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- No error (unable to see any rows to delete)
+DELETE FROM r1;
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- these all fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 1;
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY does not break RI
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Errors due to rows in r2
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+-- Reset r2 to no-RLS
+DROP POLICY p1 ON r2;
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- clean out r2 for INSERT test below
+DELETE FROM r2;
+
+-- Change r1 to not allow rows to be seen
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- No rows seen
+TABLE r1;
+
+-- No error, RI still sees that row exists in r1
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10);
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Ensure cascaded DELETE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Deletes all records from both
+DELETE FROM r1;
+
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify no rows in r2 now
+TABLE r2;
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Ensure cascaded UPDATE works
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE r2 (a int REFERENCES r1 ON UPDATE CASCADE);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+INSERT INTO r2 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- Create policies on r2 which prevent the
+-- owner from seeing any rows, but RI should
+-- still see them.
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r2 USING (false);
+ALTER TABLE r2 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r2 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Updates records in both
+UPDATE r1 SET a = a+5;
+
+-- Remove FORCE from r2
+ALTER TABLE r2 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- As owner, we now bypass RLS
+-- verify records in r2 updated
+TABLE r2;
+
+DROP TABLE r2;
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- Test INSERT+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (false);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Works fine
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20);
+
+-- No error, but no rows
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = off;
+-- fail, would be affected by RLS
+TABLE r1;
+
+SET row_security = on;
+
+-- Error
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10), (20) RETURNING *;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+--
+-- Test UPDATE+RETURNING applies SELECT policies as
+-- WithCheckOptions (meaning an error is thrown)
+--
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SET row_security = on;
+CREATE TABLE r1 (a int PRIMARY KEY);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON r1 FOR SELECT USING (a < 20);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON r1 FOR UPDATE USING (a < 20) WITH CHECK (true);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON r1 FOR INSERT WITH CHECK (true);
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE r1 ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Works fine
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30;
+
+-- Show updated rows
+ALTER TABLE r1 NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+TABLE r1;
+-- reset value in r1 for test with RETURNING
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 10;
+
+-- Verify row reset
+TABLE r1;
+
+ALTER TABLE r1 FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+-- Error
+UPDATE r1 SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+
+-- UPDATE path of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE should also error out
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+ ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30 RETURNING *;
+
+-- Should still error out without RETURNING (use of arbiter always requires
+-- SELECT permissions)
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+ ON CONFLICT (a) DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+INSERT INTO r1 VALUES (10)
+ ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT r1_pkey DO UPDATE SET a = 30;
+
+DROP TABLE r1;
+
+-- Check dependency handling
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+CREATE TABLE dep1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dep2 (c1 int);
+
+CREATE POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob USING (c1 > (select max(dep2.c1) from dep2));
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 TO regress_rls_bob,regress_rls_carol;
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_depend
+ WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+ AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+
+ALTER POLICY dep_p1 ON dep1 USING (true);
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+ WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+ AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_bob');
+
+-- Should return one
+SELECT count(*) = 1 FROM pg_shdepend
+ WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+ AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_authid WHERE rolname = 'regress_rls_carol');
+
+-- Should return zero
+SELECT count(*) = 0 FROM pg_depend
+ WHERE objid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_policy WHERE polname = 'dep_p1')
+ AND refobjid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'dep2');
+
+-- DROP OWNED BY testing
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role1;
+CREATE ROLE regress_rls_dob_role2;
+
+CREATE TABLE dob_t1 (c1 int);
+CREATE TABLE dob_t2 (c1 int) PARTITION BY RANGE (c1);
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+
+-- same cases with duplicate polroles entries
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should fail, already gone
+
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t1 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t1; -- should succeed
+
+-- partitioned target
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON dob_t2 TO regress_rls_dob_role1,regress_rls_dob_role2 USING (true);
+DROP OWNED BY regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP POLICY p1 ON dob_t2; -- should succeed
+
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role1;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dob_role2;
+
+-- Bug #15708: view + table with RLS should check policies as view owner
+CREATE TABLE ref_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO ref_tbl VALUES (1);
+
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES (10);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM ref_tbl));
+
+GRANT SELECT ON ref_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_bob;
+
+CREATE VIEW rls_view AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+ALTER VIEW rls_view OWNER TO regress_rls_bob;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_view TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+SELECT * FROM ref_tbl; -- Permission denied
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl; -- Permission denied
+SELECT * FROM rls_view; -- OK
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP VIEW rls_view;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+DROP TABLE ref_tbl;
+
+-- Leaky operator test
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT x/10 FROM generate_series(1, 100) x;
+ANALYZE rls_tbl;
+
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT SELECT ON rls_tbl TO regress_rls_alice;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE FUNCTION op_leak(int, int) RETURNS bool
+ AS 'BEGIN RAISE NOTICE ''op_leak => %, %'', $1, $2; RETURN $1 < $2; END'
+ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE OPERATOR <<< (procedure = op_leak, leftarg = int, rightarg = int,
+ restrict = scalarltsel);
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl WHERE a <<< 1000;
+DROP OPERATOR <<< (int, int);
+DROP FUNCTION op_leak(int, int);
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+
+-- Bug #16006: whole-row Vars in a policy don't play nice with sub-selects
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION regress_rls_alice;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (a int, b int, c int);
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (rls_tbl >= ROW(1,1,1));
+
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl SELECT 10, 20, 30;
+EXPLAIN (VERBOSE, COSTS OFF)
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+ SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl
+ SELECT * FROM (SELECT b, c FROM rls_tbl ORDER BY a) ss;
+SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl;
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+-- CVE-2023-2455: inlining an SRF may introduce an RLS dependency
+create table rls_t (c text);
+insert into rls_t values ('invisible to bob');
+alter table rls_t enable row level security;
+grant select on rls_t to regress_rls_alice, regress_rls_bob;
+create policy p1 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_alice using (true);
+create policy p2 on rls_t for select to regress_rls_bob using (false);
+create function rls_f () returns setof rls_t
+ stable language sql
+ as $$ select * from rls_t $$;
+prepare q as select current_user, * from rls_f();
+set role regress_rls_alice;
+execute q;
+set role regress_rls_bob;
+execute q;
+
+RESET ROLE;
+DROP FUNCTION rls_f();
+DROP TABLE rls_t;
+
+--
+-- Clean up objects
+--
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+DROP SCHEMA regress_rls_schema CASCADE;
+
+DROP USER regress_rls_alice;
+DROP USER regress_rls_bob;
+DROP USER regress_rls_carol;
+DROP USER regress_rls_dave;
+DROP USER regress_rls_exempt_user;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group1;
+DROP ROLE regress_rls_group2;
+
+-- Arrange to have a few policies left over, for testing
+-- pg_dump/pg_restore
+CREATE SCHEMA regress_rls_schema;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl USING (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT USING (c1 <= 3);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl FOR UPDATE USING (c1 <= 3) WITH CHECK (c1 > 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl FOR DELETE USING (c1 <= 3);
+
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl_force (c1 int);
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl_force FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY p1 ON rls_tbl_force USING (c1 = 5) WITH CHECK (c1 < 5);
+CREATE POLICY p2 ON rls_tbl_force FOR SELECT USING (c1 = 8);
+CREATE POLICY p3 ON rls_tbl_force FOR UPDATE USING (c1 = 8) WITH CHECK (c1 >= 5);
+CREATE POLICY p4 ON rls_tbl_force FOR DELETE USING (c1 = 8);