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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>31.2. Subscription</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="logical-replication-publication.html" title="31.1. Publication" /><link rel="next" href="logical-replication-row-filter.html" title="31.3. Row Filters" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">31.2. Subscription</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="logical-replication-publication.html" title="31.1. Publication">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="logical-replication.html" title="Chapter 31. Logical Replication">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 31. Logical Replication</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="logical-replication-row-filter.html" title="31.3. Row Filters">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIPTION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">31.2. Subscription</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="logical-replication-subscription.html#LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIPTION-SLOT">31.2.1. Replication Slot Management</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="logical-replication-subscription.html#LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIPTION-EXAMPLES">31.2.2. Examples</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
   A <em class="firstterm">subscription</em> is the downstream side of logical
   replication.  The node where a subscription is defined is referred to as
   the <em class="firstterm">subscriber</em>.  A subscription defines the connection
   to another database and set of publications (one or more) to which it wants
   to subscribe.
  </p><p>
   The subscriber database behaves in the same way as any other PostgreSQL
   instance and can be used as a publisher for other databases by defining its
   own publications.
  </p><p>
   A subscriber node may have multiple subscriptions if desired.  It is
   possible to define multiple subscriptions between a single
   publisher-subscriber pair, in which case care must be taken to ensure
   that the subscribed publication objects don't overlap.
  </p><p>
   Each subscription will receive changes via one replication slot (see
   <a class="xref" href="warm-standby.html#STREAMING-REPLICATION-SLOTS" title="27.2.6. Replication Slots">Section 27.2.6</a>).  Additional replication
   slots may be required for the initial data synchronization of
   pre-existing table data and those will be dropped at the end of data
   synchronization.
  </p><p>
   A logical replication subscription can be a standby for synchronous
   replication (see <a class="xref" href="warm-standby.html#SYNCHRONOUS-REPLICATION" title="27.2.8. Synchronous Replication">Section 27.2.8</a>).  The standby
   name is by default the subscription name.  An alternative name can be
   specified as <code class="literal">application_name</code> in the connection
   information of the subscription.
  </p><p>
   Subscriptions are dumped by <code class="command">pg_dump</code> if the current user
   is a superuser.  Otherwise a warning is written and subscriptions are
   skipped, because non-superusers cannot read all subscription information
   from the <code class="structname">pg_subscription</code> catalog.
  </p><p>
   The subscription is added using <a class="link" href="sql-createsubscription.html" title="CREATE SUBSCRIPTION"><code class="command">CREATE SUBSCRIPTION</code></a> and
   can be stopped/resumed at any time using the
   <a class="link" href="sql-altersubscription.html" title="ALTER SUBSCRIPTION"><code class="command">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION</code></a> command and removed using
   <a class="link" href="sql-dropsubscription.html" title="DROP SUBSCRIPTION"><code class="command">DROP SUBSCRIPTION</code></a>.
  </p><p>
   When a subscription is dropped and recreated, the synchronization
   information is lost.  This means that the data has to be resynchronized
   afterwards.
  </p><p>
   The schema definitions are not replicated, and the published tables must
   exist on the subscriber.  Only regular tables may be
   the target of replication.  For example, you can't replicate to a view.
  </p><p>
   The tables are matched between the publisher and the subscriber using the
   fully qualified table name.  Replication to differently-named tables on the
   subscriber is not supported.
  </p><p>
   Columns of a table are also matched by name.  The order of columns in the
   subscriber table does not need to match that of the publisher.  The data
   types of the columns do not need to match, as long as the text
   representation of the data can be converted to the target type.  For
   example, you can replicate from a column of type <code class="type">integer</code> to a
   column of type <code class="type">bigint</code>.  The target table can also have
   additional columns not provided by the published table.  Any such columns
   will be filled with the default value as specified in the definition of the
   target table.
  </p><div class="sect2" id="LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIPTION-SLOT"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">31.2.1. Replication Slot Management</h3></div></div></div><p>
    As mentioned earlier, each (active) subscription receives changes from a
    replication slot on the remote (publishing) side.
   </p><p>
    Additional table synchronization slots are normally transient, created
    internally to perform initial table synchronization and dropped
    automatically when they are no longer needed. These table synchronization
    slots have generated names: <span class="quote"><span class="quote"><code class="literal">pg_%u_sync_%u_%llu</code></span></span>
    (parameters: Subscription <em class="parameter"><code>oid</code></em>,
    Table <em class="parameter"><code>relid</code></em>, system identifier <em class="parameter"><code>sysid</code></em>)
   </p><p>
    Normally, the remote replication slot is created automatically when the
    subscription is created using <code class="command">CREATE SUBSCRIPTION</code> and it
    is dropped automatically when the subscription is dropped using
    <code class="command">DROP SUBSCRIPTION</code>.  In some situations, however, it can
    be useful or necessary to manipulate the subscription and the underlying
    replication slot separately.  Here are some scenarios:

    </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
       When creating a subscription, the replication slot already exists.  In
       that case, the subscription can be created using
       the <code class="literal">create_slot = false</code> option to associate with the
       existing slot.
      </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
       When creating a subscription, the remote host is not reachable or in an
       unclear state.  In that case, the subscription can be created using
       the <code class="literal">connect = false</code> option.  The remote host will then not
       be contacted at all.  This is what <span class="application">pg_dump</span>
       uses.  The remote replication slot will then have to be created
       manually before the subscription can be activated.
      </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
       When dropping a subscription, the replication slot should be kept.
       This could be useful when the subscriber database is being moved to a
       different host and will be activated from there.  In that case,
       disassociate the slot from the subscription using <code class="command">ALTER
       SUBSCRIPTION</code> before attempting to drop the subscription.
      </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
       When dropping a subscription, the remote host is not reachable.  In
       that case, disassociate the slot from the subscription
       using <code class="command">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION</code> before attempting to drop
       the subscription.  If the remote database instance no longer exists, no
       further action is then necessary.  If, however, the remote database
       instance is just unreachable, the replication slot (and any still
       remaining table synchronization slots) should then be
       dropped manually; otherwise it/they would continue to reserve WAL and might
       eventually cause the disk to fill up.  Such cases should be carefully
       investigated.
      </p></li></ul></div><p>
   </p></div><div class="sect2" id="LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SUBSCRIPTION-EXAMPLES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">31.2.2. Examples</h3></div></div></div><p>
     Create some test tables on the publisher.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_pub=# CREATE TABLE t1(a int, b text, PRIMARY KEY(a));
CREATE TABLE
test_pub=# CREATE TABLE t2(c int, d text, PRIMARY KEY(c));
CREATE TABLE
test_pub=# CREATE TABLE t3(e int, f text, PRIMARY KEY(e));
CREATE TABLE
</pre><p>
     Create the same tables on the subscriber.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_sub=# CREATE TABLE t1(a int, b text, PRIMARY KEY(a));
CREATE TABLE
test_sub=# CREATE TABLE t2(c int, d text, PRIMARY KEY(c));
CREATE TABLE
test_sub=# CREATE TABLE t3(e int, f text, PRIMARY KEY(e));
CREATE TABLE
</pre><p>
     Insert data to the tables at the publisher side.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three');
INSERT 0 3
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (1, 'A'), (2, 'B'), (3, 'C');
INSERT 0 3
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1, 'i'), (2, 'ii'), (3, 'iii');
INSERT 0 3
</pre><p>
     Create publications for the tables. The publications <code class="literal">pub2</code>
     and <code class="literal">pub3a</code> disallow some <code class="literal">publish</code>
     operations. The publication <code class="literal">pub3b</code> has a row filter (see
     <a class="xref" href="logical-replication-row-filter.html" title="31.3. Row Filters">Section 31.3</a>).
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_pub=# CREATE PUBLICATION pub1 FOR TABLE t1;
CREATE PUBLICATION
test_pub=# CREATE PUBLICATION pub2 FOR TABLE t2 WITH (publish = 'truncate');
CREATE PUBLICATION
test_pub=# CREATE PUBLICATION pub3a FOR TABLE t3 WITH (publish = 'truncate');
CREATE PUBLICATION
test_pub=# CREATE PUBLICATION pub3b FOR TABLE t3 WHERE (e &gt; 5);
CREATE PUBLICATION
</pre><p>
     Create subscriptions for the publications. The subscription
     <code class="literal">sub3</code> subscribes to both <code class="literal">pub3a</code> and
     <code class="literal">pub3b</code>. All subscriptions will copy initial data by default.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_sub=# CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub1
test_sub-# CONNECTION 'host=localhost dbname=test_pub application_name=sub1'
test_sub-# PUBLICATION pub1;
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
test_sub=# CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub2
test_sub-# CONNECTION 'host=localhost dbname=test_pub application_name=sub2'
test_sub-# PUBLICATION pub2;
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
test_sub=# CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub3
test_sub-# CONNECTION 'host=localhost dbname=test_pub application_name=sub3'
test_sub-# PUBLICATION pub3a, pub3b;
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
</pre><p>
     Observe that initial table data is copied, regardless of the
     <code class="literal">publish</code> operation of the publication.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t1;
 a |   b
---+-------
 1 | one
 2 | two
 3 | three
(3 rows)

test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t2;
 c | d
---+---
 1 | A
 2 | B
 3 | C
(3 rows)
</pre><p>
     Furthermore, because the initial data copy ignores the <code class="literal">publish</code>
     operation, and because publication <code class="literal">pub3a</code> has no row filter,
     it means the copied table <code class="literal">t3</code> contains all rows even when
     they do not match the row filter of publication <code class="literal">pub3b</code>.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t3;
 e |  f
---+-----
 1 | i
 2 | ii
 3 | iii
(3 rows)
</pre><p>
    Insert more data to the tables at the publisher side.
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (4, 'four'), (5, 'five'), (6, 'six');
INSERT 0 3
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t2 VALUES (4, 'D'), (5, 'E'), (6, 'F');
INSERT 0 3
test_pub=# INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (4, 'iv'), (5, 'v'), (6, 'vi');
INSERT 0 3
</pre><p>
    Now the publisher side data looks like:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_pub=# SELECT * FROM t1;
 a |   b
---+-------
 1 | one
 2 | two
 3 | three
 4 | four
 5 | five
 6 | six
(6 rows)

test_pub=# SELECT * FROM t2;
 c | d
---+---
 1 | A
 2 | B
 3 | C
 4 | D
 5 | E
 6 | F
(6 rows)

test_pub=# SELECT * FROM t3;
 e |  f
---+-----
 1 | i
 2 | ii
 3 | iii
 4 | iv
 5 | v
 6 | vi
(6 rows)
</pre><p>
    Observe that during normal replication the appropriate
    <code class="literal">publish</code> operations are used. This means publications
    <code class="literal">pub2</code> and <code class="literal">pub3a</code> will not replicate the
    <code class="literal">INSERT</code>. Also, publication <code class="literal">pub3b</code> will
    only replicate data that matches the row filter of <code class="literal">pub3b</code>.
    Now the subscriber side data looks like:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t1;
 a |   b
---+-------
 1 | one
 2 | two
 3 | three
 4 | four
 5 | five
 6 | six
(6 rows)

test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t2;
 c | d
---+---
 1 | A
 2 | B
 3 | C
(3 rows)

test_sub=# SELECT * FROM t3;
 e |  f
---+-----
 1 | i
 2 | ii
 3 | iii
 6 | vi
(4 rows)
</pre></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="logical-replication-publication.html" title="31.1. Publication">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="logical-replication.html" title="Chapter 31. Logical Replication">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="logical-replication-row-filter.html" title="31.3. Row Filters">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">31.1. Publication </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.5 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 31.3. Row Filters</td></tr></table></div></body></html>