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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-alterdatabase.html" title="ALTER DATABASE" /><link rel="next" href="sql-alterdomain.html" title="ALTER DOMAIN" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-alterdatabase.html" title="ALTER DATABASE">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-alterdomain.html" title="ALTER DOMAIN">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.8.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</span></h2><p>ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES — define default access privileges</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
[ FOR { ROLE | USER } <em class="replaceable"><code>target_role</code></em> [, ...] ]
[ IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] ]
<em class="replaceable"><code>abbreviated_grant_or_revoke</code></em>
<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>abbreviated_grant_or_revoke</code></em> is one of:</span>
GRANT { { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLES
TO { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCES
TO { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { FUNCTIONS | ROUTINES }
TO { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TYPES
TO { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
GRANT { { USAGE | CREATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMAS
TO { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...] [ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLES
FROM { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SEQUENCES
FROM { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { FUNCTIONS | ROUTINES }
FROM { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TYPES
FROM { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | CREATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMAS
FROM { [ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="command">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</code> allows you to set the privileges
that will be applied to objects created in the future. (It does not
affect privileges assigned to already-existing objects.) Currently,
only the privileges for schemas, tables (including views and foreign
tables), sequences, functions, and types (including domains) can be
altered. For this command, functions include aggregates and procedures.
The words <code class="literal">FUNCTIONS</code> and <code class="literal">ROUTINES</code> are
equivalent in this command. (<code class="literal">ROUTINES</code> is preferred
going forward as the standard term for functions and procedures taken
together. In earlier PostgreSQL releases, only the
word <code class="literal">FUNCTIONS</code> was allowed. It is not possible to set
default privileges for functions and procedures separately.)
</p><p>
You can change default privileges only for objects that will be created by
yourself or by roles that you are a member of. The privileges can be set
globally (i.e., for all objects created in the current database),
or just for objects created in specified schemas.
</p><p>
As explained in <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a>,
the default privileges for any object type normally grant all grantable
permissions to the object owner, and may grant some privileges to
<code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> as well. However, this behavior can be changed by
altering the global default privileges with
<code class="command">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</code>.
</p><p>
Default privileges that are specified per-schema are added to whatever
the global default privileges are for the particular object type.
This means you cannot revoke privileges per-schema if they are granted
globally (either by default, or according to a previous <code class="command">ALTER
DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</code> command that did not specify a schema).
Per-schema <code class="literal">REVOKE</code> is only useful to reverse the
effects of a previous per-schema <code class="literal">GRANT</code>.
</p><div class="refsect2" id="id-1.9.3.8.5.6"><h3>Parameters</h3><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>target_role</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name of an existing role of which the current role is a member.
Default access privileges are not inherited, so member roles
must use <code class="command">SET ROLE</code> to access these privileges,
or <code class="command">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</code> must be run for
each member role. If <code class="literal">FOR ROLE</code> is omitted,
the current role is assumed.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name of an existing schema. If specified, the default privileges
are altered for objects later created in that schema.
If <code class="literal">IN SCHEMA</code> is omitted, the global default privileges
are altered.
<code class="literal">IN SCHEMA</code> is not allowed when setting privileges
for schemas, since schemas can't be nested.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p>
The name of an existing role to grant or revoke privileges for.
This parameter, and all the other parameters in
<em class="replaceable"><code>abbreviated_grant_or_revoke</code></em>,
act as described under
<a class="xref" href="sql-grant.html" title="GRANT"><span class="refentrytitle">GRANT</span></a> or
<a class="xref" href="sql-revoke.html" title="REVOKE"><span class="refentrytitle">REVOKE</span></a>,
except that one is setting permissions for a whole class of objects
rather than specific named objects.
</p></dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES-NOTES"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
Use <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a>'s <code class="command">\ddp</code> command
to obtain information about existing assignments of default privileges.
The meaning of the privilege display is the same as explained for
<code class="command">\dp</code> in <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a>.
</p><p>
If you wish to drop a role for which the default privileges have been
altered, it is necessary to reverse the changes in its default privileges
or use <code class="command">DROP OWNED BY</code> to get rid of the default privileges entry
for the role.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-ALTERDEFAULTPRIVILEGES-EXAMPLES"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
Grant SELECT privilege to everyone for all tables (and views) you
subsequently create in schema <code class="literal">myschema</code>, and allow
role <code class="literal">webuser</code> to INSERT into them too:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA myschema GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO PUBLIC;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA myschema GRANT INSERT ON TABLES TO webuser;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Undo the above, so that subsequently-created tables won't have any
more permissions than normal:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA myschema REVOKE SELECT ON TABLES FROM PUBLIC;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA myschema REVOKE INSERT ON TABLES FROM webuser;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Remove the public EXECUTE permission that is normally granted on functions,
for all functions subsequently created by role <code class="literal">admin</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR ROLE admin REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTIONS FROM PUBLIC;
</pre><p>
Note however that you <span class="emphasis"><em>cannot</em></span> accomplish that effect
with a command limited to a single schema. This command has no effect,
unless it is undoing a matching <code class="literal">GRANT</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES IN SCHEMA public REVOKE EXECUTE ON FUNCTIONS FROM PUBLIC;
</pre><p>
That's because per-schema default privileges can only add privileges to
the global setting, not remove privileges granted by it.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.8.8"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
There is no <code class="command">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</code> statement in the SQL
standard.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.8.9"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-grant.html" title="GRANT"><span class="refentrytitle">GRANT</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-revoke.html" title="REVOKE"><span class="refentrytitle">REVOKE</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-alterdatabase.html" title="ALTER DATABASE">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-alterdomain.html" title="ALTER DOMAIN">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ALTER DATABASE </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.7 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> ALTER DOMAIN</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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