path: root/src/test/regress/expected/inherit.out

--
-- Test inheritance features
--
CREATE TABLE a (aa TEXT);
CREATE TABLE b (bb TEXT) INHERITS (a);
CREATE TABLE c (cc TEXT) INHERITS (a);
CREATE TABLE d (dd TEXT) INHERITS (b,c,a);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaa');
INSERT INTO a(aa) VALUES('aaaaaaaa');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbb');
INSERT INTO b(aa) VALUES('bbbbbbbb');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('ccccccc');
INSERT INTO c(aa) VALUES('cccccccc');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('ddddddd');
INSERT INTO d(aa) VALUES('dddddddd');
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | aaa
 a       | aaaa
 a       | aaaaa
 a       | aaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaaa
 b       | bbb
 b       | bbbb
 b       | bbbbb
 b       | bbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbbb
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | ddd
 d       | dddd
 d       | ddddd
 d       | dddddd
 d       | ddddddd
 d       | dddddddd
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | aaa
 a       | aaaa
 a       | aaaaa
 a       | aaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaa
 a       | aaaaaaaa
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE a SET aa='zzzz' WHERE aa='aaaa';
UPDATE ONLY a SET aa='zzzzz' WHERE aa='aaaaa';
UPDATE b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
UPDATE ONLY b SET aa='zzz' WHERE aa='aaa';
UPDATE a SET aa='zzzzzz' WHERE aa LIKE 'aaa%';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 b       | bbb
 b       | bbbb
 b       | bbbbb
 b       | bbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbb
 b       | bbbbbbbb
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | ddd
 d       | dddd
 d       | ddddd
 d       | dddddd
 d       | ddddddd
 d       | dddddddd
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | ddd      | 
 d       | dddd     | 
 d       | ddddd    | 
 d       | dddddd   | 
 d       | ddddddd  | 
 d       | dddddddd | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |   aa   
---------+--------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb 
---------+----------+----
 b       | bbb      | 
 b       | bbbb     | 
 b       | bbbbb    | 
 b       | bbbbbb   | 
 b       | bbbbbbb  | 
 b       | bbbbbbbb | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----------+----+----+----
 d       | ddd      |    |    | 
 d       | dddd     |    |    | 
 d       | ddddd    |    |    | 
 d       | dddddd   |    |    | 
 d       | ddddddd  |    |    | 
 d       | dddddddd |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE b SET aa='new';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    
---------+----------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 c       | ccc
 c       | cccc
 c       | ccccc
 c       | cccccc
 c       | ccccccc
 c       | cccccccc
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
(24 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
 d       | new      | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |   aa   
---------+--------
 a       | zzzz
 a       | zzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
 a       | zzzzzz
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname |    aa    | cc 
---------+----------+----
 c       | ccc      | 
 c       | cccc     | 
 c       | ccccc    | 
 c       | cccccc   | 
 c       | ccccccc  | 
 c       | cccccccc | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

UPDATE a SET aa='new';
DELETE FROM ONLY c WHERE aa='new';
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  
---------+-----
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 b       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
 d       | new
(18 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(12 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | cc 
---------+-----+----
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
 d       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  
---------+-----
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
 a       | new
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb 
---------+-----+----
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
 b       | new | 
(6 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa  | bb | cc | dd 
---------+-----+----+----+----
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
 d       | new |    |    | 
(6 rows)

DELETE FROM a;
SELECT relname, a.* FROM a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa 
---------+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----+----+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, a.* FROM ONLY a, pg_class where a.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa 
---------+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, b.* FROM ONLY b, pg_class where b.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, c.* FROM ONLY c, pg_class where c.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | cc 
---------+----+----
(0 rows)

SELECT relname, d.* FROM ONLY d, pg_class where d.tableoid = pg_class.oid;
 relname | aa | bb | cc | dd 
---------+----+----+----+----
(0 rows)

-- Confirm PRIMARY KEY adds NOT NULL constraint to child table
CREATE TEMP TABLE z (b TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(aa, b)) inherits (a);
INSERT INTO z VALUES (NULL, 'text'); -- should fail
ERROR:  null value in column "aa" of relation "z" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, text).
-- Check inherited UPDATE with first child excluded
create table some_tab (f1 int, f2 int, f3 int, check (f1 < 10) no inherit);
create table some_tab_child () inherits(some_tab);
insert into some_tab_child select i, i+1, 0 from generate_series(1,1000) i;
create index on some_tab_child(f1, f2);
-- while at it, also check that statement-level triggers fire
create function some_tab_stmt_trig_func() returns trigger as
$$begin raise notice 'updating some_tab'; return NULL; end;$$
language plpgsql;
create trigger some_tab_stmt_trig
  before update on some_tab execute function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
explain (costs off)
update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Update on some_tab
   Update on some_tab_child some_tab_1
   ->  Result
         ->  Index Scan using some_tab_child_f1_f2_idx on some_tab_child some_tab_1
               Index Cond: ((f1 = 12) AND (f2 = 13))
(5 rows)

update some_tab set f3 = 11 where f1 = 12 and f2 = 13;
NOTICE:  updating some_tab
drop table some_tab cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
drop function some_tab_stmt_trig_func();
-- Check inherited UPDATE with all children excluded
create table some_tab (a int, b int);
create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
insert into some_tab_child values(1,2);
explain (verbose, costs off)
update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Update on public.some_tab
   ->  Result
         Output: (some_tab.a + 1), NULL::oid, NULL::tid
         One-Time Filter: false
(4 rows)

update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false;
explain (verbose, costs off)
update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Update on public.some_tab
   Output: some_tab.b, some_tab.a
   ->  Result
         Output: (some_tab.a + 1), NULL::oid, NULL::tid
         One-Time Filter: false
(5 rows)

update some_tab set a = a + 1 where false returning b, a;
 b | a 
---+---
(0 rows)

table some_tab;
 a | b 
---+---
 1 | 2
(1 row)

drop table some_tab cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an inherited source table
create temp table foo(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table foo2(f3 int) inherits (foo);
create temp table bar(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table bar2(f3 int) inherits (bar);
insert into foo values(1,1);
insert into foo values(3,3);
insert into foo2 values(2,2,2);
insert into foo2 values(3,3,3);
insert into bar values(1,1);
insert into bar values(2,2);
insert into bar values(3,3);
insert into bar values(4,4);
insert into bar2 values(1,1,1);
insert into bar2 values(2,2,2);
insert into bar2 values(3,3,3);
insert into bar2 values(4,4,4);
update bar set f2 = f2 + 100 where f1 in (select f1 from foo);
select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
 relname | f1 | f2  
---------+----+-----
 bar     |  1 | 101
 bar     |  2 | 102
 bar     |  3 | 103
 bar     |  4 |   4
 bar2    |  1 | 101
 bar2    |  2 | 102
 bar2    |  3 | 103
 bar2    |  4 |   4
(8 rows)

-- Check UPDATE with inherited target and an appendrel subquery
update bar set f2 = f2 + 100
from
  ( select f1 from foo union all select f1+3 from foo ) ss
where bar.f1 = ss.f1;
select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, bar.* from bar order by 1,2;
 relname | f1 | f2  
---------+----+-----
 bar     |  1 | 201
 bar     |  2 | 202
 bar     |  3 | 203
 bar     |  4 | 104
 bar2    |  1 | 201
 bar2    |  2 | 202
 bar2    |  3 | 203
 bar2    |  4 | 104
(8 rows)

-- Check UPDATE with *partitioned* inherited target and an appendrel subquery
create table some_tab (a int);
insert into some_tab values (0);
create table some_tab_child () inherits (some_tab);
insert into some_tab_child values (1);
create table parted_tab (a int, b char) partition by list (a);
create table parted_tab_part1 partition of parted_tab for values in (1);
create table parted_tab_part2 partition of parted_tab for values in (2);
create table parted_tab_part3 partition of parted_tab for values in (3);
insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
update parted_tab set b = 'b'
from
  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
     relname      | a | b 
------------------+---+---
 parted_tab_part1 | 1 | b
 parted_tab_part2 | 2 | b
 parted_tab_part3 | 3 | a
(3 rows)

truncate parted_tab;
insert into parted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (3, 'a');
update parted_tab set b = 'b'
from
  (select 0 from parted_tab union all select 1 from parted_tab) ss (a)
where parted_tab.a = ss.a;
select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, parted_tab.* from parted_tab order by 1,2;
     relname      | a | b 
------------------+---+---
 parted_tab_part1 | 1 | b
 parted_tab_part2 | 2 | a
 parted_tab_part3 | 3 | a
(3 rows)

-- modifies partition key, but no rows will actually be updated
explain update parted_tab set a = 2 where false;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Update on parted_tab  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0)
   ->  Result  (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=10)
         One-Time Filter: false
(3 rows)

drop table parted_tab;
-- Check UPDATE with multi-level partitioned inherited target
create table mlparted_tab (a int, b char, c text) partition by list (a);
create table mlparted_tab_part1 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (1);
create table mlparted_tab_part2 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (2) partition by list (b);
create table mlparted_tab_part3 partition of mlparted_tab for values in (3);
create table mlparted_tab_part2a partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('a');
create table mlparted_tab_part2b partition of mlparted_tab_part2 for values in ('b');
insert into mlparted_tab values (1, 'a'), (2, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'a');
update mlparted_tab mlp set c = 'xxx'
from
  (select a from some_tab union all select a+1 from some_tab) ss (a)
where (mlp.a = ss.a and mlp.b = 'b') or mlp.a = 3;
select tableoid::regclass::text as relname, mlparted_tab.* from mlparted_tab order by 1,2;
       relname       | a | b |  c  
---------------------+---+---+-----
 mlparted_tab_part1  | 1 | a | 
 mlparted_tab_part2a | 2 | a | 
 mlparted_tab_part2b | 2 | b | xxx
 mlparted_tab_part3  | 3 | a | xxx
(4 rows)

drop table mlparted_tab;
drop table some_tab cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table some_tab_child
/* Test multiple inheritance of column defaults */
CREATE TABLE firstparent (tomorrow date default now()::date + 1);
CREATE TABLE secondparent (tomorrow date default  now() :: date  +  1);
CREATE TABLE jointchild () INHERITS (firstparent, secondparent);  -- ok
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
CREATE TABLE thirdparent (tomorrow date default now()::date - 1);
CREATE TABLE otherchild () INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- not ok
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
ERROR:  column "tomorrow" inherits conflicting default values
HINT:  To resolve the conflict, specify a default explicitly.
CREATE TABLE otherchild (tomorrow date default now())
  INHERITS (firstparent, thirdparent);  -- ok, child resolves ambiguous default
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "tomorrow"
NOTICE:  merging column "tomorrow" with inherited definition
DROP TABLE firstparent, secondparent, jointchild, thirdparent, otherchild;
-- Test changing the type of inherited columns
insert into d values('test','one','two','three');
alter table a alter column aa type integer using bit_length(aa);
select * from d;
 aa | bb  | cc  |  dd   
----+-----+-----+-------
 32 | one | two | three
(1 row)

-- The above verified that we can change the type of a multiply-inherited
-- column; but we should reject that if any definition was inherited from
-- an unrelated parent.
create temp table parent1(f1 int, f2 int);
create temp table parent2(f1 int, f3 bigint);
create temp table childtab(f4 int) inherits(parent1, parent2);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
alter table parent1 alter column f1 type bigint;  -- fail, conflict w/parent2
ERROR:  cannot alter inherited column "f1" of relation "childtab"
alter table parent1 alter column f2 type bigint;  -- ok
-- Test non-inheritable parent constraints
create table p1(ff1 int);
alter table p1 add constraint p1chk check (ff1 > 0) no inherit;
alter table p1 add constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10);
-- connoinherit should be true for NO INHERIT constraint
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pgc.connoinherit from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname = 'p1' order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------------
 p1      | p1chk   | c       | t          |           0 | t
 p1      | p2chk   | c       | t          |           0 | f
(2 rows)

-- Test that child does not inherit NO INHERIT constraints
create table c1 () inherits (p1);
\d p1
                 Table "public.p1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 ff1    | integer |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "p1chk" CHECK (ff1 > 0) NO INHERIT
    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)

\d c1
                 Table "public.c1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 ff1    | integer |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "p2chk" CHECK (ff1 > 10)
Inherits: p1

-- Test that child does not override inheritable constraints of the parent
create table c2 (constraint p2chk check (ff1 > 10) no inherit) inherits (p1);	--fails
ERROR:  constraint "p2chk" conflicts with inherited constraint on relation "c2"
drop table p1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table c1
-- Tests for casting between the rowtypes of parent and child
-- tables. See the pgsql-hackers thread beginning Dec. 4/04
create table base (i integer);
create table derived () inherits (base);
create table more_derived (like derived, b int) inherits (derived);
NOTICE:  merging column "i" with inherited definition
insert into derived (i) values (0);
select derived::base from derived;
 derived 
---------
 (0)
(1 row)

select NULL::derived::base;
 base 
------
 
(1 row)

-- remove redundant conversions.
explain (verbose on, costs off) select row(i, b)::more_derived::derived::base from more_derived;
                QUERY PLAN                 
-------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on public.more_derived
   Output: (ROW(i, b)::more_derived)::base
(2 rows)

explain (verbose on, costs off) select (1, 2)::more_derived::derived::base;
      QUERY PLAN       
-----------------------
 Result
   Output: '(1)'::base
(2 rows)

drop table more_derived;
drop table derived;
drop table base;
create table p1(ff1 int);
create table p2(f1 text);
create function p2text(p2) returns text as 'select $1.f1' language sql;
create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
insert into c1 values(123456789, 'hi', 42);
select p2text(c1.*) from c1;
 p2text 
--------
 hi
(1 row)

drop function p2text(p2);
drop table c1;
drop table p2;
drop table p1;
CREATE TABLE ac (aa TEXT);
alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
CREATE TABLE bc (bb TEXT) INHERITS (ac);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;  -- fail, disallowed
ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_check" of relation "bc"
alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

-- try the unnamed-constraint case
alter table ac add check (aa is not null);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname |   conname   | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+-------------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_aa_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_aa_check | c       | f          |           1 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

insert into ac (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "ac" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null).
insert into bc (aa) values (NULL);
ERROR:  new row for relation "bc" violates check constraint "ac_aa_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (null, null).
alter table bc drop constraint ac_aa_check;  -- fail, disallowed
ERROR:  cannot drop inherited constraint "ac_aa_check" of relation "bc"
alter table ac drop constraint ac_aa_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

alter table ac add constraint ac_check check (aa is not null);
alter table bc no inherit ac;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
 bc      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(2 rows)

alter table bc drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname  | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |      consrc      
---------+----------+---------+------------+-------------+------------------
 ac      | ac_check | c       | t          |           0 | (aa IS NOT NULL)
(1 row)

alter table ac drop constraint ac_check;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount | consrc 
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+--------
(0 rows)

drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
create table bc (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0), b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0)) inherits (ac);
NOTICE:  merging column "a" with inherited definition
NOTICE:  merging constraint "check_a" with inherited definition
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_a | c       | t          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
(3 rows)

drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table ac (a int constraint check_a check (a <> 0));
create table bc (b int constraint check_b check (b <> 0));
create table cc (c int constraint check_c check (c <> 0)) inherits (ac, bc);
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 cc      | check_b | c       | f          |           1 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
(5 rows)

alter table cc no inherit bc;
select pc.relname, pgc.conname, pgc.contype, pgc.conislocal, pgc.coninhcount, pg_get_expr(pgc.conbin, pc.oid) as consrc from pg_class as pc inner join pg_constraint as pgc on (pgc.conrelid = pc.oid) where pc.relname in ('ac', 'bc', 'cc') order by 1,2;
 relname | conname | contype | conislocal | coninhcount |  consrc  
---------+---------+---------+------------+-------------+----------
 ac      | check_a | c       | t          |           0 | (a <> 0)
 bc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_a | c       | f          |           1 | (a <> 0)
 cc      | check_b | c       | t          |           0 | (b <> 0)
 cc      | check_c | c       | t          |           0 | (c <> 0)
(5 rows)

drop table cc;
drop table bc;
drop table ac;
create table p1(f1 int);
create table p2(f2 int);
create table c1(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);
alter table p2 add constraint cc check (f2>0);  -- fail
ERROR:  check constraint "cc" of relation "c1" is violated by some row
alter table p2 add check (f2>0);  -- check it without a name, too
ERROR:  check constraint "p2_f2_check" of relation "c1" is violated by some row
delete from c1;
insert into c1 values(1,1,2);
alter table p2 add check (f2>0);
insert into c1 values(1,-1,2);  -- fail
ERROR:  new row for relation "c1" violates check constraint "p2_f2_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, -1, 2).
create table c2(f3 int) inherits(p1,p2);
\d c2
                 Table "public.c2"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 f1     | integer |           |          | 
 f2     | integer |           |          | 
 f3     | integer |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
Inherits: p1,
          p2

create table c3 (f4 int) inherits(c1,c2);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f2"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f3"
\d c3
                 Table "public.c3"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 f1     | integer |           |          | 
 f2     | integer |           |          | 
 f3     | integer |           |          | 
 f4     | integer |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "p2_f2_check" CHECK (f2 > 0)
Inherits: c1,
          c2

drop table p1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table c1
drop cascades to table c2
drop cascades to table c3
drop table p2 cascade;
create table pp1 (f1 int);
create table cc1 (f2 text, f3 int) inherits (pp1);
alter table pp1 add column a1 int check (a1 > 0);
\d cc1
                Table "public.cc1"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
 f1     | integer |           |          | 
 f2     | text    |           |          | 
 f3     | integer |           |          | 
 a1     | integer |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
Inherits: pp1

create table cc2(f4 float) inherits(pp1,cc1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "f1"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "a1"
\d cc2
                     Table "public.cc2"
 Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 f1     | integer          |           |          | 
 a1     | integer          |           |          | 
 f2     | text             |           |          | 
 f3     | integer          |           |          | 
 f4     | double precision |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
Inherits: pp1,
          cc1

alter table pp1 add column a2 int check (a2 > 0);
NOTICE:  merging definition of column "a2" for child "cc2"
NOTICE:  merging constraint "pp1_a2_check" with inherited definition
\d cc2
                     Table "public.cc2"
 Column |       Type       | Collation | Nullable | Default 
--------+------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 f1     | integer          |           |          | 
 a1     | integer          |           |          | 
 f2     | text             |           |          | 
 f3     | integer          |           |          | 
 f4     | double precision |           |          | 
 a2     | integer          |           |          | 
Check constraints:
    "pp1_a1_check" CHECK (a1 > 0)
    "pp1_a2_check" CHECK (a2 > 0)
Inherits: pp1,
          cc1

drop table pp1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table cc1
drop cascades to table cc2
-- Test for renaming in simple multiple inheritance
CREATE TABLE inht1 (a int, b int);
CREATE TABLE inhs1 (b int, c int);
CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht1, inhs1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME a TO aa;
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME aa TO aaa;      -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "aa"
ALTER TABLE inhts RENAME d TO dd;
\d+ inhts
                                   Table "public.inhts"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aa     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 dd     | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht1,
          inhs1

DROP TABLE inhts;
-- Test for adding a column to a parent table with complex inheritance
CREATE TABLE inhta ();
CREATE TABLE inhtb () INHERITS (inhta);
CREATE TABLE inhtc () INHERITS (inhtb);
CREATE TABLE inhtd () INHERITS (inhta, inhtb, inhtc);
ALTER TABLE inhta ADD COLUMN i int;
NOTICE:  merging definition of column "i" for child "inhtd"
NOTICE:  merging definition of column "i" for child "inhtd"
\d+ inhta
                                   Table "public.inhta"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 i      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Child tables: inhtb,
              inhtd

DROP TABLE inhta, inhtb, inhtc, inhtd;
-- Test for renaming in diamond inheritance
CREATE TABLE inht2 (x int) INHERITS (inht1);
CREATE TABLE inht3 (y int) INHERITS (inht1);
CREATE TABLE inht4 (z int) INHERITS (inht2, inht3);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "aa"
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aa TO aaa;
\d+ inht4
                                   Table "public.inht4"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aaa    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 x      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 y      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 z      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht2,
          inht3

CREATE TABLE inhts (d int) INHERITS (inht2, inhs1);
NOTICE:  merging multiple inherited definitions of column "b"
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME aaa TO aaaa;
ALTER TABLE inht1 RENAME b TO bb;                -- to be failed
ERROR:  cannot rename inherited column "b"
\d+ inhts
                                   Table "public.inhts"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 aaaa   | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 b      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 x      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 c      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
 d      | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Inherits: inht2,
          inhs1

WITH RECURSIVE r AS (
  SELECT 'inht1'::regclass AS inhrelid
UNION ALL
  SELECT c.inhrelid FROM pg_inherits c, r WHERE r.inhrelid = c.inhparent
)
SELECT a.attrelid::regclass, a.attname, a.attinhcount, e.expected
  FROM (SELECT inhrelid, count(*) AS expected FROM pg_inherits
        WHERE inhparent IN (SELECT inhrelid FROM r) GROUP BY inhrelid) e
  JOIN pg_attribute a ON e.inhrelid = a.attrelid WHERE NOT attislocal
  ORDER BY a.attrelid::regclass::name, a.attnum;
 attrelid | attname | attinhcount | expected 
----------+---------+-------------+----------
 inht2    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inht2    | b       |           1 |        1
 inht3    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inht3    | b       |           1 |        1
 inht4    | aaaa    |           2 |        2
 inht4    | b       |           2 |        2
 inht4    | x       |           1 |        2
 inht4    | y       |           1 |        2
 inhts    | aaaa    |           1 |        1
 inhts    | b       |           2 |        1
 inhts    | x       |           1 |        1
 inhts    | c       |           1 |        1
(12 rows)

DROP TABLE inht1, inhs1 CASCADE;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 4 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table inht2
drop cascades to table inhts
drop cascades to table inht3
drop cascades to table inht4
-- Test non-inheritable indices [UNIQUE, EXCLUDE] constraints
CREATE TABLE test_constraints (id int, val1 varchar, val2 int, UNIQUE(val1, val2));
CREATE TABLE test_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_constraints);
\d+ test_constraints
                                   Table "public.test_constraints"
 Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_constraints_val1_val2_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (val1, val2)
Child tables: test_constraints_inh

ALTER TABLE ONLY test_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_constraints_val1_val2_key;
\d+ test_constraints
                                   Table "public.test_constraints"
 Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
Child tables: test_constraints_inh

\d+ test_constraints_inh
                                 Table "public.test_constraints_inh"
 Column |       Type        | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
--------+-------------------+-----------+----------+---------+----------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
 val1   | character varying |           |          |         | extended |              | 
 val2   | integer           |           |          |         | plain    |              | 
Inherits: test_constraints

DROP TABLE test_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_constraints;
CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints (
    c circle,
    EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
);
CREATE TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_ex_constraints);
\d+ test_ex_constraints
                           Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
 Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_ex_constraints_c_excl" EXCLUDE USING gist (c WITH &&)
Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh

ALTER TABLE test_ex_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_ex_constraints_c_excl;
\d+ test_ex_constraints
                           Table "public.test_ex_constraints"
 Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Child tables: test_ex_constraints_inh

\d+ test_ex_constraints_inh
                         Table "public.test_ex_constraints_inh"
 Column |  Type  | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+--------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 c      | circle |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Inherits: test_ex_constraints

DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_ex_constraints;
-- Test non-inheritable foreign key constraints
CREATE TABLE test_primary_constraints(id int PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints(id1 int REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id));
CREATE TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh () INHERITS (test_foreign_constraints);
\d+ test_primary_constraints
                         Table "public.test_primary_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id     | integer |           | not null |         | plain   |              | 
Indexes:
    "test_primary_constraints_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Referenced by:
    TABLE "test_foreign_constraints" CONSTRAINT "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)

\d+ test_foreign_constraints
                         Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Foreign-key constraints:
    "test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (id1) REFERENCES test_primary_constraints(id)
Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh

ALTER TABLE test_foreign_constraints DROP CONSTRAINT test_foreign_constraints_id1_fkey;
\d+ test_foreign_constraints
                         Table "public.test_foreign_constraints"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Child tables: test_foreign_constraints_inh

\d+ test_foreign_constraints_inh
                       Table "public.test_foreign_constraints_inh"
 Column |  Type   | Collation | Nullable | Default | Storage | Stats target | Description 
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+--------------+-------------
 id1    | integer |           |          |         | plain   |              | 
Inherits: test_foreign_constraints

DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints_inh;
DROP TABLE test_foreign_constraints;
DROP TABLE test_primary_constraints;
-- Test foreign key behavior
create table inh_fk_1 (a int primary key);
insert into inh_fk_1 values (1), (2), (3);
create table inh_fk_2 (x int primary key, y int references inh_fk_1 on delete cascade);
insert into inh_fk_2 values (11, 1), (22, 2), (33, 3);
create table inh_fk_2_child () inherits (inh_fk_2);
insert into inh_fk_2_child values (111, 1), (222, 2);
delete from inh_fk_1 where a = 1;
select * from inh_fk_1 order by 1;
 a 
---
 2
 3
(2 rows)

select * from inh_fk_2 order by 1, 2;
  x  | y 
-----+---
  22 | 2
  33 | 3
 111 | 1
 222 | 2
(4 rows)

drop table inh_fk_1, inh_fk_2, inh_fk_2_child;
-- Test that parent and child CHECK constraints can be created in either order
create table p1(f1 int);
create table p1_c1() inherits(p1);
alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint1 check (f1 > 0);
NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint1" with inherited definition
alter table p1_c1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
alter table p1 add constraint inh_check_constraint2 check (f1 < 10);
NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint2" with inherited definition
select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname, conislocal, coninhcount
from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
order by 1, 2;
 relname |        conname        | conislocal | coninhcount 
---------+-----------------------+------------+-------------
 p1      | inh_check_constraint1 | t          |           0
 p1      | inh_check_constraint2 | t          |           0
 p1_c1   | inh_check_constraint1 | t          |           1
 p1_c1   | inh_check_constraint2 | t          |           1
(4 rows)

drop table p1 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table p1_c1
-- Test that a valid child can have not-valid parent, but not vice versa
create table invalid_check_con(f1 int);
create table invalid_check_con_child() inherits(invalid_check_con);
alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0); -- fail
ERROR:  constraint "inh_check_constraint" conflicts with NOT VALID constraint on relation "invalid_check_con_child"
alter table invalid_check_con_child drop constraint inh_check_constraint;
insert into invalid_check_con values(0);
alter table invalid_check_con_child add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0);
alter table invalid_check_con add constraint inh_check_constraint check(f1 > 0) not valid;
NOTICE:  merging constraint "inh_check_constraint" with inherited definition
insert into invalid_check_con values(0); -- fail
ERROR:  new row for relation "invalid_check_con" violates check constraint "inh_check_constraint"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0).
insert into invalid_check_con_child values(0); -- fail
ERROR:  new row for relation "invalid_check_con_child" violates check constraint "inh_check_constraint"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0).
select conrelid::regclass::text as relname, conname,
       convalidated, conislocal, coninhcount, connoinherit
from pg_constraint where conname like 'inh\_check\_constraint%'
order by 1, 2;
         relname         |       conname        | convalidated | conislocal | coninhcount | connoinherit 
-------------------------+----------------------+--------------+------------+-------------+--------------
 invalid_check_con       | inh_check_constraint | f            | t          |           0 | f
 invalid_check_con_child | inh_check_constraint | t            | t          |           1 | f
(2 rows)

-- We don't drop the invalid_check_con* tables, to test dump/reload with
--
-- Test parameterized append plans for inheritance trees
--
create temp table patest0 (id, x) as
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create temp table patest1() inherits (patest0);
insert into patest1
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create temp table patest2() inherits (patest0);
insert into patest2
  select x, x from generate_series(0,1000) x;
create index patest0i on patest0(id);
create index patest1i on patest1(id);
create index patest2i on patest2(id);
analyze patest0;
analyze patest1;
analyze patest2;
explain (costs off)
select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   ->  Limit
         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
   ->  Append
         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0 patest0_1
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1 patest0_2
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest2i on patest2 patest0_3
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
(10 rows)

select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
 id | x | f1 
----+---+----
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
(3 rows)

drop index patest2i;
explain (costs off)
select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   ->  Limit
         ->  Seq Scan on int4_tbl
   ->  Append
         ->  Index Scan using patest0i on patest0 patest0_1
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Index Scan using patest1i on patest1 patest0_2
               Index Cond: (id = int4_tbl.f1)
         ->  Seq Scan on patest2 patest0_3
               Filter: (int4_tbl.f1 = id)
(10 rows)

select * from patest0 join (select f1 from int4_tbl limit 1) ss on id = f1;
 id | x | f1 
----+---+----
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
  0 | 0 |  0
(3 rows)

drop table patest0 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table patest1
drop cascades to table patest2
--
-- Test merge-append plans for inheritance trees
--
create table matest0 (id serial primary key, name text);
create table matest1 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create table matest2 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create table matest3 (id integer primary key) inherits (matest0);
NOTICE:  merging column "id" with inherited definition
create index matest0i on matest0 ((1-id));
create index matest1i on matest1 ((1-id));
-- create index matest2i on matest2 ((1-id));  -- intentionally missing
create index matest3i on matest3 ((1-id));
insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 1');
insert into matest1 (name) values ('Test 2');
insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 3');
insert into matest2 (name) values ('Test 4');
insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 5');
insert into matest3 (name) values ('Test 6');
set enable_indexscan = off;  -- force use of seqscan/sort, so no merge
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, ((1 - matest0.id))
   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Result
         Output: matest0.id, matest0.name, (1 - matest0.id)
         ->  Append
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0 matest0_1
                     Output: matest0_1.id, matest0_1.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1 matest0_2
                     Output: matest0_2.id, matest0_2.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
                     Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name
               ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3 matest0_4
                     Output: matest0_4.id, matest0_4.name
(14 rows)

select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
 id |  name  
----+--------
  6 | Test 6
  5 | Test 5
  4 | Test 4
  3 | Test 3
  2 | Test 2
  1 | Test 1
(6 rows)

explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
                    QUERY PLAN                    
--------------------------------------------------
 Aggregate
   Output: min((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Append
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest0 matest0_1
               Output: matest0_1.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest1 matest0_2
               Output: matest0_2.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
               Output: matest0_3.id
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest3 matest0_4
               Output: matest0_4.id
(11 rows)

select min(1-id) from matest0;
 min 
-----
  -5
(1 row)

reset enable_indexscan;
set enable_seqscan = off;  -- plan with fewest seqscans should be merge
set enable_parallel_append = off; -- Don't let parallel-append interfere
explain (verbose, costs off) select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
   ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0 matest0_1
         Output: matest0_1.id, matest0_1.name, (1 - matest0_1.id)
   ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1 matest0_2
         Output: matest0_2.id, matest0_2.name, (1 - matest0_2.id)
   ->  Sort
         Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name, ((1 - matest0_3.id))
         Sort Key: ((1 - matest0_3.id))
         ->  Seq Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
               Output: matest0_3.id, matest0_3.name, (1 - matest0_3.id)
   ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3 matest0_4
         Output: matest0_4.id, matest0_4.name, (1 - matest0_4.id)
(13 rows)

select * from matest0 order by 1-id;
 id |  name  
----+--------
  6 | Test 6
  5 | Test 5
  4 | Test 4
  3 | Test 3
  2 | Test 2
  1 | Test 1
(6 rows)

explain (verbose, costs off) select min(1-id) from matest0;
                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   Output: $0
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
           ->  Result
                 Output: ((1 - matest0.id))
                 ->  Merge Append
                       Sort Key: ((1 - matest0.id))
                       ->  Index Scan using matest0i on public.matest0 matest0_1
                             Output: matest0_1.id, (1 - matest0_1.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_1.id) IS NOT NULL)
                       ->  Index Scan using matest1i on public.matest1 matest0_2
                             Output: matest0_2.id, (1 - matest0_2.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_2.id) IS NOT NULL)
                       ->  Sort
                             Output: matest0_3.id, ((1 - matest0_3.id))
                             Sort Key: ((1 - matest0_3.id))
                             ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on public.matest2 matest0_3
                                   Output: matest0_3.id, (1 - matest0_3.id)
                                   Filter: ((1 - matest0_3.id) IS NOT NULL)
                                   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on matest2_pkey
                       ->  Index Scan using matest3i on public.matest3 matest0_4
                             Output: matest0_4.id, (1 - matest0_4.id)
                             Index Cond: ((1 - matest0_4.id) IS NOT NULL)
(25 rows)

select min(1-id) from matest0;
 min 
-----
  -5
(1 row)

reset enable_seqscan;
reset enable_parallel_append;
drop table matest0 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table matest1
drop cascades to table matest2
drop cascades to table matest3
--
-- Check that use of an index with an extraneous column doesn't produce
-- a plan with extraneous sorting
--
create table matest0 (a int, b int, c int, d int);
create table matest1 () inherits(matest0);
create index matest0i on matest0 (b, c);
create index matest1i on matest1 (b, c);
set enable_nestloop = off;  -- we want a plan with two MergeAppends
explain (costs off)
select t1.* from matest0 t1, matest0 t2
where t1.b = t2.b and t2.c = t2.d
order by t1.b limit 10;
                            QUERY PLAN                             
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit
   ->  Merge Join
         Merge Cond: (t1.b = t2.b)
         ->  Merge Append
               Sort Key: t1.b
               ->  Index Scan using matest0i on matest0 t1_1
               ->  Index Scan using matest1i on matest1 t1_2
         ->  Materialize
               ->  Merge Append
                     Sort Key: t2.b
                     ->  Index Scan using matest0i on matest0 t2_1
                           Filter: (c = d)
                     ->  Index Scan using matest1i on matest1 t2_2
                           Filter: (c = d)
(14 rows)

reset enable_nestloop;
drop table matest0 cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table matest1
--
-- Test merge-append for UNION ALL append relations
--
set enable_seqscan = off;
set enable_indexscan = on;
set enable_bitmapscan = off;
-- Check handling of duplicated, constant, or volatile targetlist items
explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT thousand, thousand FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, tenk1_1.thousand
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous, thousand+tenthous AS x FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT 42, 42, hundred FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                            QUERY PLAN                            
------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: 42, 42
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_hundred on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT thousand, tenthous FROM tenk1
UNION ALL
SELECT thousand, random()::integer FROM tenk1
ORDER BY thousand, tenthous;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: tenk1.thousand, tenk1.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: tenk1_1.thousand, ((random())::integer)
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 tenk1_1
(6 rows)

-- Check min/max aggregate optimization
explain (costs off)
SELECT min(x) FROM
  (SELECT unique1 AS x FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x FROM tenk1 b) s;
                             QUERY PLAN                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: a.unique1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
(9 rows)

explain (costs off)
SELECT min(y) FROM
  (SELECT unique1 AS x, unique1 AS y FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s;
                             QUERY PLAN                             
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: a.unique1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1 a
                       Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
                       Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
(9 rows)

-- XXX planner doesn't recognize that index on unique2 is sufficiently sorted
explain (costs off)
SELECT x, y FROM
  (SELECT thousand AS x, tenthous AS y FROM tenk1 a
   UNION ALL
   SELECT unique2 AS x, unique2 AS y FROM tenk1 b) s
ORDER BY x, y;
                         QUERY PLAN                          
-------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: a.thousand, a.tenthous
   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1 a
   ->  Sort
         Sort Key: b.unique2, b.unique2
         ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1 b
(6 rows)

-- exercise rescan code path via a repeatedly-evaluated subquery
explain (costs off)
SELECT
    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
        UNION ALL
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
    ) f(i)
    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
                           QUERY PLAN                           
----------------------------------------------------------------
 Function Scan on generate_series g
   SubPlan 1
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
                 ->  Sort
                       Sort Key: ((d.d + g.i))
                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d
                 ->  Sort
                       Sort Key: ((d_1.d + g.i))
                       ->  Function Scan on generate_series d_1
(11 rows)

SELECT
    ARRAY(SELECT f.i FROM (
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(4, 30, 3) d ORDER BY 1)
        UNION ALL
        (SELECT d + g.i FROM generate_series(0, 30, 5) d ORDER BY 1)
    ) f(i)
    ORDER BY f.i LIMIT 10)
FROM generate_series(1, 3) g(i);
            array             
------------------------------
 {1,5,6,8,11,11,14,16,17,20}
 {2,6,7,9,12,12,15,17,18,21}
 {3,7,8,10,13,13,16,18,19,22}
(3 rows)

reset enable_seqscan;
reset enable_indexscan;
reset enable_bitmapscan;
--
-- Check handling of MULTIEXPR SubPlans in inherited updates
--
create table inhpar(f1 int, f2 name);
create table inhcld(f2 name, f1 int);
alter table inhcld inherit inhpar;
insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,5) x;
insert into inhcld select x::text, x from generate_series(6,10) x;
explain (verbose, costs off)
update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Update on public.inhpar i
   Update on public.inhpar i_1
   Update on public.inhcld i_2
   ->  Result
         Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i.tableoid, i.ctid
         ->  Append
               ->  Seq Scan on public.inhpar i_1
                     Output: i_1.f1, i_1.f2, i_1.tableoid, i_1.ctid
               ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld i_2
                     Output: i_2.f1, i_2.f2, i_2.tableoid, i_2.ctid
         SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)
           ->  Limit
                 Output: (i.f1), (((i.f2)::text || '-'::text))
                 ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
                       Output: i.f1, ((i.f2)::text || '-'::text)
(15 rows)

update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
select * from inhpar;
 f1 | f2  
----+-----
  1 | 1-
  2 | 2-
  3 | 3-
  4 | 4-
  5 | 5-
  6 | 6-
  7 | 7-
  8 | 8-
  9 | 9-
 10 | 10-
(10 rows)

drop table inhpar cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inhcld
--
-- And the same for partitioned cases
--
create table inhpar(f1 int primary key, f2 name) partition by range (f1);
create table inhcld1(f2 name, f1 int primary key);
create table inhcld2(f1 int primary key, f2 name);
alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld1 for values from (1) to (5);
alter table inhpar attach partition inhcld2 for values from (5) to (100);
insert into inhpar select x, x::text from generate_series(1,10) x;
explain (verbose, costs off)
update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
                                    QUERY PLAN                                     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Update on public.inhpar i
   Update on public.inhcld1 i_1
   Update on public.inhcld2 i_2
   ->  Append
         ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld1 i_1
               Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i_1.tableoid, i_1.ctid
               SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)
                 ->  Limit
                       Output: (i_1.f1), (((i_1.f2)::text || '-'::text))
                       ->  Seq Scan on public.int4_tbl
                             Output: i_1.f1, ((i_1.f2)::text || '-'::text)
         ->  Seq Scan on public.inhcld2 i_2
               Output: $2, $3, (SubPlan 1 (returns $2,$3)), i_2.tableoid, i_2.ctid
(13 rows)

update inhpar i set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '-' from int4_tbl limit 1);
select * from inhpar;
 f1 | f2  
----+-----
  1 | 1-
  2 | 2-
  3 | 3-
  4 | 4-
  5 | 5-
  6 | 6-
  7 | 7-
  8 | 8-
  9 | 9-
 10 | 10-
(10 rows)

-- Also check ON CONFLICT
insert into inhpar as i values (3), (7) on conflict (f1)
  do update set (f1, f2) = (select i.f1, i.f2 || '+');
select * from inhpar order by f1;  -- tuple order might be unstable here
 f1 | f2  
----+-----
  1 | 1-
  2 | 2-
  3 | 3-+
  4 | 4-
  5 | 5-
  6 | 6-
  7 | 7-+
  8 | 8-
  9 | 9-
 10 | 10-
(10 rows)

drop table inhpar cascade;
--
-- Check handling of a constant-null CHECK constraint
--
create table cnullparent (f1 int);
create table cnullchild (check (f1 = 1 or f1 = null)) inherits(cnullparent);
insert into cnullchild values(1);
insert into cnullchild values(2);
insert into cnullchild values(null);
select * from cnullparent;
 f1 
----
  1
  2
   
(3 rows)

select * from cnullparent where f1 = 2;
 f1 
----
  2
(1 row)

drop table cnullparent cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table cnullchild
--
-- Check use of temporary tables with inheritance trees
--
create table inh_perm_parent (a1 int);
create temp table inh_temp_parent (a1 int);
create temp table inh_temp_child () inherits (inh_perm_parent); -- ok
create table inh_perm_child () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- error
ERROR:  cannot inherit from temporary relation "inh_temp_parent"
create temp table inh_temp_child_2 () inherits (inh_temp_parent); -- ok
insert into inh_perm_parent values (1);
insert into inh_temp_parent values (2);
insert into inh_temp_child values (3);
insert into inh_temp_child_2 values (4);
select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_perm_parent;
    tableoid     | a1 
-----------------+----
 inh_perm_parent |  1
 inh_temp_child  |  3
(2 rows)

select tableoid::regclass, a1 from inh_temp_parent;
     tableoid     | a1 
------------------+----
 inh_temp_parent  |  2
 inh_temp_child_2 |  4
(2 rows)

drop table inh_perm_parent cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inh_temp_child
drop table inh_temp_parent cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to table inh_temp_child_2
--
-- Check that constraint exclusion works correctly with partitions using
-- implicit constraints generated from the partition bound information.
--
create table list_parted (
	a	varchar
) partition by list (a);
create table part_ab_cd partition of list_parted for values in ('ab', 'cd');
create table part_ef_gh partition of list_parted for values in ('ef', 'gh');
create table part_null_xy partition of list_parted for values in (null, 'xy');
explain (costs off) select * from list_parted;
                  QUERY PLAN                  
----------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
   ->  Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted_3
(4 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is null;
              QUERY PLAN              
--------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted
   Filter: (a IS NULL)
(2 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a is not null;
                  QUERY PLAN                  
----------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_null_xy list_parted_3
         Filter: (a IS NOT NULL)
(7 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a in ('ab', 'cd', 'ef');
                        QUERY PLAN                        
----------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted_1
         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,cd,ef}'::text[]))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_ef_gh list_parted_2
         Filter: ((a)::text = ANY ('{ab,cd,ef}'::text[]))
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab' or a in (null, 'cd');
                                   QUERY PLAN                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted
   Filter: (((a)::text = 'ab'::text) OR ((a)::text = ANY ('{NULL,cd}'::text[])))
(2 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from list_parted where a = 'ab';
             QUERY PLAN             
------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on part_ab_cd list_parted
   Filter: ((a)::text = 'ab'::text)
(2 rows)

create table range_list_parted (
	a	int,
	b	char(2)
) partition by range (a);
create table part_1_10 partition of range_list_parted for values from (1) to (10) partition by list (b);
create table part_1_10_ab partition of part_1_10 for values in ('ab');
create table part_1_10_cd partition of part_1_10 for values in ('cd');
create table part_10_20 partition of range_list_parted for values from (10) to (20) partition by list (b);
create table part_10_20_ab partition of part_10_20 for values in ('ab');
create table part_10_20_cd partition of part_10_20 for values in ('cd');
create table part_21_30 partition of range_list_parted for values from (21) to (30) partition by list (b);
create table part_21_30_ab partition of part_21_30 for values in ('ab');
create table part_21_30_cd partition of part_21_30 for values in ('cd');
create table part_40_inf partition of range_list_parted for values from (40) to (maxvalue) partition by list (b);
create table part_40_inf_ab partition of part_40_inf for values in ('ab');
create table part_40_inf_cd partition of part_40_inf for values in ('cd');
create table part_40_inf_null partition of part_40_inf for values in (null);
explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_3
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_cd range_list_parted_4
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_5
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_cd range_list_parted_6
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_7
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_8
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_9
(10 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a = 5;
                     QUERY PLAN                     
----------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
         Filter: (a = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
         Filter: (a = 5)
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b = 'ab';
                      QUERY PLAN                      
------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_2
         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_3
         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_4
         Filter: (b = 'ab'::bpchar)
(9 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a between 3 and 23 and b in ('ab');
                           QUERY PLAN                            
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_2
         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_3
         Filter: ((a >= 3) AND (a <= 23) AND (b = 'ab'::bpchar))
(7 rows)

/* Should select no rows because range partition key cannot be null */
explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is null;
        QUERY PLAN        
--------------------------
 Result
   One-Time Filter: false
(2 rows)

/* Should only select rows from the null-accepting partition */
explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where b is null;
                   QUERY PLAN                   
------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted
   Filter: (b IS NULL)
(2 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a is not null and a < 67;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_ab range_list_parted_1
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_1_10_cd range_list_parted_2
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_ab range_list_parted_3
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_10_20_cd range_list_parted_4
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_ab range_list_parted_5
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_21_30_cd range_list_parted_6
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_7
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_8
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_9
         Filter: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (a < 67))
(19 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_list_parted where a >= 30;
                       QUERY PLAN                       
--------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_ab range_list_parted_1
         Filter: (a >= 30)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_cd range_list_parted_2
         Filter: (a >= 30)
   ->  Seq Scan on part_40_inf_null range_list_parted_3
         Filter: (a >= 30)
(7 rows)

drop table list_parted;
drop table range_list_parted;
-- check that constraint exclusion is able to cope with the partition
-- constraint emitted for multi-column range partitioned tables
create table mcrparted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range (a, abs(b), c);
create table mcrparted_def partition of mcrparted default;
create table mcrparted0 partition of mcrparted for values from (minvalue, minvalue, minvalue) to (1, 1, 1);
create table mcrparted1 partition of mcrparted for values from (1, 1, 1) to (10, 5, 10);
create table mcrparted2 partition of mcrparted for values from (10, 5, 10) to (10, 10, 10);
create table mcrparted3 partition of mcrparted for values from (11, 1, 1) to (20, 10, 10);
create table mcrparted4 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 10, 10) to (20, 20, 20);
create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue);
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 0;	-- scans mcrparted0, mcrparted_def
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
         Filter: (a = 0)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_2
         Filter: (a = 0)
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) < 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted_def
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) < 5))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_2
         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) < 5))
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 and abs(b) = 5;	-- scans mcrparted1, mcrparted2, mcrparted_def
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_2
         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_3
         Filter: ((a = 10) AND (abs(b) = 5))
(7 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where abs(b) = 5;	-- scans all partitions
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
         Filter: (abs(b) = 5)
(15 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a > -1;	-- scans all partitions
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
         Filter: (a > '-1'::integer)
(15 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and abs(b) = 10 and c > 10;	-- scans mcrparted4
                     QUERY PLAN                      
-----------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted
   Filter: ((c > 10) AND (a = 20) AND (abs(b) = 10))
(2 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 20 and c > 20; -- scans mcrparted3, mcrparte4, mcrparte5, mcrparted_def
                 QUERY PLAN                  
---------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted3 mcrparted_1
         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted4 mcrparted_2
         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted5 mcrparted_3
         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
   ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted_def mcrparted_4
         Filter: ((c > 20) AND (a = 20))
(9 rows)

-- check that partitioned table Appends cope with being referenced in
-- subplans
create table parted_minmax (a int, b varchar(16)) partition by range (a);
create table parted_minmax1 partition of parted_minmax for values from (1) to (10);
create index parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 (a, b);
insert into parted_minmax values (1,'12345');
explain (costs off) select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
                                           QUERY PLAN                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan using parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 parted_minmax
                 Index Cond: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b = '12345'::text))
   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using parted_minmax1i on parted_minmax1 parted_minmax_1
                 Index Cond: ((a IS NOT NULL) AND (b = '12345'::text))
(9 rows)

select min(a), max(a) from parted_minmax where b = '12345';
 min | max 
-----+-----
   1 |   1
(1 row)

drop table parted_minmax;
-- Test code that uses Append nodes in place of MergeAppend when the
-- partition ordering matches the desired ordering.
create index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted (a, abs(b), c);
-- MergeAppend must be used when a default partition exists
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mcrparted.a, (abs(mcrparted.b)), mcrparted.c
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted_def_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted_def mcrparted_7
(9 rows)

drop table mcrparted_def;
-- Append is used for a RANGE partitioned table with no default
-- and no subpartitions
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
(7 rows)

-- Append is used with subpaths in reverse order with backwards index scans
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a desc, abs(b) desc, c desc;
                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted5_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5 mcrparted_6
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
   ->  Index Scan Backward using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
(7 rows)

-- check that Append plan is used containing a MergeAppend for sub-partitions
-- that are unordered.
drop table mcrparted5;
create table mcrparted5 partition of mcrparted for values from (20, 20, 20) to (maxvalue, maxvalue, maxvalue) partition by list (a);
create table mcrparted5a partition of mcrparted5 for values in(20);
create table mcrparted5_def partition of mcrparted5 default;
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
                                      QUERY PLAN                                       
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
   ->  Merge Append
         Sort Key: mcrparted_7.a, (abs(mcrparted_7.b)), mcrparted_7.c
         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5a_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5a mcrparted_7
         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5_def_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5_def mcrparted_8
(10 rows)

drop table mcrparted5_def;
-- check that an Append plan is used and the sub-partitions are flattened
-- into the main Append when the sub-partition is unordered but contains
-- just a single sub-partition.
explain (costs off) select a, abs(b) from mcrparted order by a, abs(b), c;
                                QUERY PLAN                                 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted4_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted4 mcrparted_5
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted5a_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted5a mcrparted_6
(7 rows)

-- check that Append is used when the sub-partitioned tables are pruned
-- during planning.
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted0_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
         Index Cond: (a < 20)
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
         Index Cond: (a < 20)
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
         Index Cond: (a < 20)
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
         Index Cond: (a < 20)
(9 rows)

set enable_bitmapscan to off;
set enable_sort to off;
create table mclparted (a int) partition by list(a);
create table mclparted1 partition of mclparted for values in(1);
create table mclparted2 partition of mclparted for values in(2);
create index on mclparted (a);
-- Ensure an Append is used for a list partition with an order by.
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
(3 rows)

-- Ensure a MergeAppend is used when a partition exists with interleaved
-- datums in the partition bound.
create table mclparted3_5 partition of mclparted for values in(3,5);
create table mclparted4 partition of mclparted for values in(4);
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted order by a;
                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mclparted.a
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted3_5_a_idx on mclparted3_5 mclparted_3
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
(6 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(3,4,5) order by a;
                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mclparted.a
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted3_5_a_idx on mclparted3_5 mclparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{3,4,5}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{3,4,5}'::integer[]))
(6 rows)

-- Introduce a NULL and DEFAULT partition so we can test more complex cases
create table mclparted_null partition of mclparted for values in(null);
create table mclparted_def partition of mclparted default;
-- Append can be used providing we don't scan the interleaved partition
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
(7 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
                                   QUERY PLAN                                   
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_null_a_idx on mclparted_null mclparted_4
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
(9 rows)

-- Test a more complex case where the NULL partition allows some other value
drop table mclparted_null;
create table mclparted_0_null partition of mclparted for values in(0,null);
-- Ensure MergeAppend is used since 0 and NULLs are in the same partition.
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) or a is null order by a;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mclparted.a
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_0_null_a_idx on mclparted_0_null mclparted_1
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_2
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_3
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
         Filter: ((a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[])) OR (a IS NULL))
(10 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(0,1,2,4) order by a;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mclparted.a
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_0_null_a_idx on mclparted_0_null mclparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_3
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_4
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{0,1,2,4}'::integer[]))
(10 rows)

-- Ensure Append is used when the null partition is pruned
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4) order by a;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4}'::integer[]))
(7 rows)

-- Ensure MergeAppend is used when the default partition is not pruned
explain (costs off) select * from mclparted where a in(1,2,4,100) order by a;
                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Merge Append
   Sort Key: mclparted.a
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted1_a_idx on mclparted1 mclparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted2_a_idx on mclparted2 mclparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted4_a_idx on mclparted4 mclparted_3
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
   ->  Index Only Scan using mclparted_def_a_idx on mclparted_def mclparted_4
         Index Cond: (a = ANY ('{1,2,4,100}'::integer[]))
(10 rows)

drop table mclparted;
reset enable_sort;
reset enable_bitmapscan;
-- Ensure subplans which don't have a path with the correct pathkeys get
-- sorted correctly.
drop index mcrparted_a_abs_c_idx;
create index on mcrparted1 (a, abs(b), c);
create index on mcrparted2 (a, abs(b), c);
create index on mcrparted3 (a, abs(b), c);
create index on mcrparted4 (a, abs(b), c);
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a < 20 order by a, abs(b), c limit 1;
                                  QUERY PLAN                                   
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Limit
   ->  Append
         ->  Sort
               Sort Key: mcrparted_1.a, (abs(mcrparted_1.b)), mcrparted_1.c
               ->  Seq Scan on mcrparted0 mcrparted_1
                     Filter: (a < 20)
         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_2
               Index Cond: (a < 20)
         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_3
               Index Cond: (a < 20)
         ->  Index Scan using mcrparted3_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted3 mcrparted_4
               Index Cond: (a < 20)
(12 rows)

set enable_bitmapscan = 0;
-- Ensure Append node can be used when the partition is ordered by some
-- pathkeys which were deemed redundant.
explain (costs off) select * from mcrparted where a = 10 order by a, abs(b), c;
                               QUERY PLAN                                
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted1_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted1 mcrparted_1
         Index Cond: (a = 10)
   ->  Index Scan using mcrparted2_a_abs_c_idx on mcrparted2 mcrparted_2
         Index Cond: (a = 10)
(5 rows)

reset enable_bitmapscan;
drop table mcrparted;
-- Ensure LIST partitions allow an Append to be used instead of a MergeAppend
create table bool_lp (b bool) partition by list(b);
create table bool_lp_true partition of bool_lp for values in(true);
create table bool_lp_false partition of bool_lp for values in(false);
create index on bool_lp (b);
explain (costs off) select * from bool_lp order by b;
                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_lp_false_b_idx on bool_lp_false bool_lp_1
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_lp_true_b_idx on bool_lp_true bool_lp_2
(3 rows)

drop table bool_lp;
-- Ensure const bool quals can be properly detected as redundant
create table bool_rp (b bool, a int) partition by range(b,a);
create table bool_rp_false_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,0) to (false,1000);
create table bool_rp_true_1k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,0) to (true,1000);
create table bool_rp_false_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (false,1000) to (false,2000);
create table bool_rp_true_2k partition of bool_rp for values from (true,1000) to (true,2000);
create index on bool_rp (b,a);
explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by b,a;
                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_1k bool_rp_1
         Index Cond: (b = true)
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_2k bool_rp_2
         Index Cond: (b = true)
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by b,a;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_1k bool_rp_1
         Index Cond: (b = false)
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_2k bool_rp_2
         Index Cond: (b = false)
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = true order by a;
                                    QUERY PLAN                                    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_1k bool_rp_1
         Index Cond: (b = true)
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_true_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_true_2k bool_rp_2
         Index Cond: (b = true)
(5 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from bool_rp where b = false order by a;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_1k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_1k bool_rp_1
         Index Cond: (b = false)
   ->  Index Only Scan using bool_rp_false_2k_b_a_idx on bool_rp_false_2k bool_rp_2
         Index Cond: (b = false)
(5 rows)

drop table bool_rp;
-- Ensure an Append scan is chosen when the partition order is a subset of
-- the required order.
create table range_parted (a int, b int, c int) partition by range(a, b);
create table range_parted1 partition of range_parted for values from (0,0) to (10,10);
create table range_parted2 partition of range_parted for values from (10,10) to (20,20);
create index on range_parted (a,b,c);
explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a,b,c;
                                     QUERY PLAN                                      
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan using range_parted1_a_b_c_idx on range_parted1 range_parted_1
   ->  Index Only Scan using range_parted2_a_b_c_idx on range_parted2 range_parted_2
(3 rows)

explain (costs off) select * from range_parted order by a desc,b desc,c desc;
                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Append
   ->  Index Only Scan Backward using range_parted2_a_b_c_idx on range_parted2 range_parted_2
   ->  Index Only Scan Backward using range_parted1_a_b_c_idx on range_parted1 range_parted_1
(3 rows)

drop table range_parted;
-- Check that we allow access to a child table's statistics when the user
-- has permissions only for the parent table.
create table permtest_parent (a int, b text, c text) partition by list (a);
create table permtest_child (b text, c text, a int) partition by list (b);
create table permtest_grandchild (c text, b text, a int);
alter table permtest_child attach partition permtest_grandchild for values in ('a');
alter table permtest_parent attach partition permtest_child for values in (1);
create index on permtest_parent (left(c, 3));
insert into permtest_parent
  select 1, 'a', left(md5(i::text), 5) from generate_series(0, 100) i;
analyze permtest_parent;
create role regress_no_child_access;
revoke all on permtest_grandchild from regress_no_child_access;
grant select on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
-- without stats access, these queries would produce hash join plans:
explain (costs off)
  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
                QUERY PLAN                
------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
         Filter: (c ~ 'a1$'::text)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
(5 rows)

explain (costs off)
  select * from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
                  QUERY PLAN                  
----------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
         Filter: ("left"(c, 3) ~ 'a1$'::text)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
(5 rows)

reset session authorization;
revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
grant select(a,c) on permtest_parent to regress_no_child_access;
set session authorization regress_no_child_access;
explain (costs off)
  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
  on p1.a = p2.a and p1.c ~ 'a1$';
                QUERY PLAN                
------------------------------------------
 Nested Loop
   Join Filter: (p1.a = p2.a)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
         Filter: (c ~ 'a1$'::text)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
(5 rows)

-- we will not have access to the expression index's stats here:
explain (costs off)
  select p2.a, p1.c from permtest_parent p1 inner join permtest_parent p2
  on p1.a = p2.a and left(p1.c, 3) ~ 'a1$';
                     QUERY PLAN                     
----------------------------------------------------
 Hash Join
   Hash Cond: (p2.a = p1.a)
   ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p2
   ->  Hash
         ->  Seq Scan on permtest_grandchild p1
               Filter: ("left"(c, 3) ~ 'a1$'::text)
(6 rows)

reset session authorization;
revoke all on permtest_parent from regress_no_child_access;
drop role regress_no_child_access;
drop table permtest_parent;
-- Verify that constraint errors across partition root / child are
-- handled correctly (Bug #16293)
CREATE TABLE errtst_parent (
    partid int not null,
    shdata int not null,
    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
) PARTITION BY RANGE (partid);
-- fast defaults lead to attribute mapping being used in one
-- direction, but not the other
CREATE TABLE errtst_child_fastdef (
    partid int not null,
    shdata int not null,
    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3)
);
-- no remapping in either direction necessary
CREATE TABLE errtst_child_plaindef (
    partid int not null,
    shdata int not null,
    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
    CHECK(data < 10)
);
-- remapping in both direction
CREATE TABLE errtst_child_reorder (
    data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    shdata int not null,
    partid int not null,
    CONSTRAINT shdata_small CHECK(shdata < 3),
    CHECK(data < 10)
);
ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD COLUMN data int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
ALTER TABLE errtst_child_fastdef ADD CONSTRAINT errtest_child_fastdef_data_check CHECK (data < 10);
ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_fastdef FOR VALUES FROM (0) TO (10);
ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_plaindef FOR VALUES FROM (10) TO (20);
ALTER TABLE errtst_parent ATTACH PARTITION errtst_child_reorder FOR VALUES FROM (20) TO (30);
-- insert without child check constraint error
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '5');
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '5');
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '5');
-- insert with child check constraint error
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', '10');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 10).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', '10');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 10).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', '10');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 10).
-- insert with child not null constraint error
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '1', NULL);
ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, null).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '1', NULL);
ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, null).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '1', NULL);
ERROR:  null value in column "data" of relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates not-null constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, null).
-- insert with shared check constraint error
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ( '0', '5', '5');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 5, 5).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('10', '5', '5');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 5, 5).
INSERT INTO errtst_parent(partid, shdata, data) VALUES ('20', '5', '5');
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "shdata_small"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 5, 5).
-- within partition update without child check constraint violation
BEGIN;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
ROLLBACK;
-- within partition update with child check constraint violation
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 15).
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 15).
UPDATE errtst_parent SET data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 15).
-- direct leaf partition update, without partition id violation
BEGIN;
UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = 1 WHERE partid = 0;
UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = 11 WHERE partid = 10;
UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = 21 WHERE partid = 20;
ROLLBACK;
-- direct leaf partition update, with partition id violation
UPDATE errtst_child_fastdef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates partition constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 5).
UPDATE errtst_child_plaindef SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates partition constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 5).
UPDATE errtst_child_reorder SET partid = partid + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates partition constraint
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (5, 1, 30).
-- partition move, without child check constraint violation
BEGIN;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 0;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 10;
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 1 WHERE partid = 20;
ROLLBACK;
-- partition move, with child check constraint violation
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 10, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 0;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_plaindef" violates check constraint "errtst_child_plaindef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (10, 1, 15).
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 20, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 10;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_reorder" violates check constraint "errtst_child_reorder_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (20, 1, 15).
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 0, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
ERROR:  new row for relation "errtst_child_fastdef" violates check constraint "errtest_child_fastdef_data_check"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (0, 1, 15).
-- partition move, without target partition
UPDATE errtst_parent SET partid = 30, data = data + 10 WHERE partid = 20;
ERROR:  no partition of relation "errtst_parent" found for row
DETAIL:  Partition key of the failing row contains (partid) = (30).
DROP TABLE errtst_parent;