Adding upstream version 2:4.17.12+dfsg.upstream/2%4.17.12+dfsgupstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 6408 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/source4/dsdb/common/util.c b/source4/dsdb/common/util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59d1f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source4/dsdb/common/util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6408 @@
+/*
+   Unix SMB/CIFS implementation.
+   Samba utility functions
+
+   Copyright (C) Andrew Tridgell 2004
+   Copyright (C) Volker Lendecke 2004
+   Copyright (C) Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org> 2006
+   Copyright (C) Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> 2007
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "includes.h"
+#include "events/events.h"
+#include "ldb.h"
+#include "ldb_module.h"
+#include "ldb_errors.h"
+#include "../lib/util/util_ldb.h"
+#include "../lib/crypto/crypto.h"
+#include "dsdb/samdb/samdb.h"
+#include "libcli/security/security.h"
+#include "librpc/gen_ndr/ndr_security.h"
+#include "librpc/gen_ndr/ndr_misc.h"
+#include "../libds/common/flags.h"
+#include "dsdb/common/proto.h"
+#include "libcli/ldap/ldap_ndr.h"
+#include "param/param.h"
+#include "libcli/auth/libcli_auth.h"
+#include "librpc/gen_ndr/ndr_drsblobs.h"
+#include "system/locale.h"
+#include "system/filesys.h"
+#include "lib/util/tsort.h"
+#include "dsdb/common/util.h"
+#include "lib/socket/socket.h"
+#include "librpc/gen_ndr/irpc.h"
+#include "libds/common/flag_mapping.h"
+#include "lib/util/access.h"
+#include "lib/util/sys_rw_data.h"
+#include "libcli/util/ntstatus.h"
+#include "lib/util/smb_strtox.h"
+
+#undef strncasecmp
+#undef strcasecmp
+
+/*
+ * This included to allow us to handle DSDB_FLAG_REPLICATED_UPDATE in
+ * dsdb_request_add_controls()
+ */
+#include "dsdb/samdb/ldb_modules/util.h"
+
+/* default is 30 minutes: -1e7 * 30 * 60 */
+#define DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_WINDOW              -18000000000
+
+/*
+  search the sam for the specified attributes in a specific domain, filter on
+  objectSid being in domain_sid.
+*/
+int samdb_search_domain(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+			TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+			struct ldb_message ***res,
+			const char * const *attrs,
+			const struct dom_sid *domain_sid,
+			const char *format, ...)  _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(7,8)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int i, count;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn,
+			       res, attrs, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	i=0;
+
+	while (i<count) {
+		struct dom_sid *entry_sid;
+
+		entry_sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(mem_ctx, (*res)[i], "objectSid");
+
+		if ((entry_sid == NULL) ||
+		    (!dom_sid_in_domain(domain_sid, entry_sid))) {
+			/* Delete that entry from the result set */
+			(*res)[i] = (*res)[count-1];
+			count -= 1;
+			talloc_free(entry_sid);
+			continue;
+		}
+		talloc_free(entry_sid);
+		i += 1;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for a single string attribute in exactly 1 record
+*/
+const char *samdb_search_string_v(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				  TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				  struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+				  const char *attr_name,
+				  const char *format, va_list ap) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(5,0)
+{
+	int count;
+	const char *attrs[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	struct ldb_message **res = NULL;
+
+	attrs[0] = attr_name;
+
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, attrs, format, ap);
+	if (count > 1) {
+		DEBUG(1,("samdb: search for %s %s not single valued (count=%d)\n",
+			 attr_name, format, count));
+	}
+	if (count != 1) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res[0], attr_name, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for a single string attribute in exactly 1 record
+*/
+const char *samdb_search_string(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+				const char *attr_name,
+				const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(5,6)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	const char *str;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	str = samdb_search_string_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, attr_name, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	return str;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_search_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+			       TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			       struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+			       const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(4,5)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	struct ldb_dn *ret;
+	struct ldb_message **res = NULL;
+	int count;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, NULL, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (count != 1) return NULL;
+
+	ret = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res[0]->dn);
+	talloc_free(res);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for a dom_sid attribute in exactly 1 record
+*/
+struct dom_sid *samdb_search_dom_sid(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				     TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				     struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+				     const char *attr_name,
+				     const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(5,6)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int count;
+	struct ldb_message **res;
+	const char *attrs[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	struct dom_sid *sid;
+
+	attrs[0] = attr_name;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, attrs, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (count > 1) {
+		DEBUG(1,("samdb: search for %s %s not single valued (count=%d)\n",
+			 attr_name, format, count));
+	}
+	if (count != 1) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(mem_ctx, res[0], attr_name);
+	talloc_free(res);
+	return sid;
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for a single integer attribute in exactly 1 record
+*/
+unsigned int samdb_search_uint(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+			 TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			 unsigned int default_value,
+			 struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+			 const char *attr_name,
+			 const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(6,7)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int count;
+	struct ldb_message **res;
+	const char *attrs[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+
+	attrs[0] = attr_name;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, attrs, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (count != 1) {
+		return default_value;
+	}
+
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(res[0], attr_name, default_value);
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for a single signed 64 bit integer attribute in exactly 1 record
+*/
+int64_t samdb_search_int64(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+			   TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			   int64_t default_value,
+			   struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+			   const char *attr_name,
+			   const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(6,7)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int count;
+	struct ldb_message **res;
+	const char *attrs[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+
+	attrs[0] = attr_name;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, attrs, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (count != 1) {
+		return default_value;
+	}
+
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int64(res[0], attr_name, default_value);
+}
+
+/*
+  search the sam for multipe records each giving a single string attribute
+  return the number of matches, or -1 on error
+*/
+int samdb_search_string_multiple(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				 TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				 struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+				 const char ***strs,
+				 const char *attr_name,
+				 const char *format, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(6,7)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int count, i;
+	const char *attrs[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	struct ldb_message **res = NULL;
+
+	attrs[0] = attr_name;
+
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	count = gendb_search_v(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, basedn, &res, attrs, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (count <= 0) {
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	/* make sure its single valued */
+	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		if (res[i]->num_elements != 1) {
+			DEBUG(1,("samdb: search for %s %s not single valued\n",
+				 attr_name, format));
+			talloc_free(res);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*strs = talloc_array(mem_ctx, const char *, count+1);
+	if (! *strs) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		(*strs)[i] = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res[i], attr_name, NULL);
+	}
+	(*strs)[count] = NULL;
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_result_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg,
+			       const char *attr, struct ldb_dn *default_value)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *ret_dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr);
+	if (!ret_dn) {
+		return default_value;
+	}
+	return ret_dn;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a rid from a objectSid in a result set.
+*/
+uint32_t samdb_result_rid_from_sid(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg,
+				   const char *attr, uint32_t default_value)
+{
+	struct dom_sid *sid;
+	uint32_t rid;
+
+	sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(mem_ctx, msg, attr);
+	if (sid == NULL) {
+		return default_value;
+	}
+	rid = sid->sub_auths[sid->num_auths-1];
+	talloc_free(sid);
+	return rid;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a dom_sid structure from a objectSid in a result set.
+*/
+struct dom_sid *samdb_result_dom_sid(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg,
+				     const char *attr)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+	const struct ldb_val *v;
+	struct dom_sid *sid;
+	v = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	sid = talloc(mem_ctx, struct dom_sid);
+	if (sid == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	ret = sid_parse(v->data, v->length, sid);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		talloc_free(sid);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return sid;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a dom_sid structure from a objectSid in a result set.
+*/
+int samdb_result_dom_sid_buf(const struct ldb_message *msg,
+			     const char *attr,
+			     struct dom_sid *sid)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+	const struct ldb_val *v = NULL;
+	v = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_ATTRIBUTE;
+	}
+	ret = sid_parse(v->data, v->length, sid);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a guid structure from a objectGUID in a result set.
+*/
+struct GUID samdb_result_guid(const struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *v;
+	struct GUID guid;
+	NTSTATUS status;
+
+	v = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+	if (!v) return GUID_zero();
+
+	status = GUID_from_ndr_blob(v, &guid);
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		return GUID_zero();
+	}
+
+	return guid;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a sid prefix from a objectSid in a result set.
+  this is used to find the domain sid for a user
+*/
+struct dom_sid *samdb_result_sid_prefix(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg,
+					const char *attr)
+{
+	struct dom_sid *sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(mem_ctx, msg, attr);
+	if (!sid || sid->num_auths < 1) return NULL;
+	sid->num_auths--;
+	return sid;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a NTTIME in a result set.
+*/
+NTTIME samdb_result_nttime(const struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr,
+			   NTTIME default_value)
+{
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(msg, attr, default_value);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Windows stores 0 for lastLogoff.
+ * But when a MS DC return the lastLogoff (as Logoff Time)
+ * it returns 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, not returning this value in this case
+ * cause windows 2008 and newer version to fail for SMB requests
+ */
+NTTIME samdb_result_last_logoff(const struct ldb_message *msg)
+{
+	NTTIME ret = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(msg, "lastLogoff",0);
+
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Windows uses both 0 and 9223372036854775807 (0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL) to
+ * indicate an account doesn't expire.
+ *
+ * When Windows initially creates an account, it sets
+ * accountExpires = 9223372036854775807 (0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF).  However,
+ * when changing from an account having a specific expiration date to
+ * that account never expiring, it sets accountExpires = 0.
+ *
+ * Consolidate that logic here to allow clearer logic for account expiry in
+ * the rest of the code.
+ */
+NTTIME samdb_result_account_expires(const struct ldb_message *msg)
+{
+	NTTIME ret = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(msg, "accountExpires",
+						 0);
+
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  construct the allow_password_change field from the PwdLastSet attribute and the
+  domain password settings
+*/
+NTTIME samdb_result_allow_password_change(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+					  TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+					  struct ldb_dn *domain_dn,
+					  struct ldb_message *msg,
+					  const char *attr)
+{
+	uint64_t attr_time = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(msg, attr, 0);
+	int64_t minPwdAge;
+
+	if (attr_time == 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	minPwdAge = samdb_search_int64(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, 0, domain_dn, "minPwdAge", NULL);
+
+	/* yes, this is a -= not a += as minPwdAge is stored as the negative
+	   of the number of 100-nano-seconds */
+	attr_time -= minPwdAge;
+
+	return attr_time;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a samr_Password structutre from a result set.
+*/
+struct samr_Password *samdb_result_hash(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr)
+{
+	struct samr_Password *hash = NULL;
+	const struct ldb_val *val = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+	if (val && (val->length >= sizeof(hash->hash))) {
+		hash = talloc(mem_ctx, struct samr_Password);
+		memcpy(hash->hash, val->data, MIN(val->length, sizeof(hash->hash)));
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull an array of samr_Password structures from a result set.
+*/
+unsigned int samdb_result_hashes(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const struct ldb_message *msg,
+			   const char *attr, struct samr_Password **hashes)
+{
+	unsigned int count, i;
+	const struct ldb_val *val = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+
+	*hashes = NULL;
+	if (!val) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	count = val->length / 16;
+	if (count == 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	*hashes = talloc_array(mem_ctx, struct samr_Password, count);
+	if (! *hashes) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	talloc_keep_secret(*hashes);
+
+	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		memcpy((*hashes)[i].hash, (i*16)+(char *)val->data, 16);
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_result_passwords_from_history(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+					     struct loadparm_context *lp_ctx,
+					     const struct ldb_message *msg,
+					     unsigned int idx,
+					     const struct samr_Password **lm_pwd,
+					     const struct samr_Password **nt_pwd)
+{
+	struct samr_Password *lmPwdHash, *ntPwdHash;
+
+	if (nt_pwd) {
+		unsigned int num_nt;
+		num_nt = samdb_result_hashes(mem_ctx, msg, "ntPwdHistory", &ntPwdHash);
+		if (num_nt <= idx) {
+			*nt_pwd = NULL;
+		} else {
+			*nt_pwd = &ntPwdHash[idx];
+		}
+	}
+	if (lm_pwd) {
+		/* Ensure that if we have turned off LM
+		 * authentication, that we never use the LM hash, even
+		 * if we store it */
+		if (lpcfg_lanman_auth(lp_ctx)) {
+			unsigned int num_lm;
+			num_lm = samdb_result_hashes(mem_ctx, msg, "lmPwdHistory", &lmPwdHash);
+			if (num_lm <= idx) {
+				*lm_pwd = NULL;
+			} else {
+				*lm_pwd = &lmPwdHash[idx];
+			}
+		} else {
+			*lm_pwd = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_result_passwords_no_lockout(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+					   struct loadparm_context *lp_ctx,
+					   const struct ldb_message *msg,
+					   struct samr_Password **nt_pwd)
+{
+	struct samr_Password *ntPwdHash;
+
+	if (nt_pwd) {
+		unsigned int num_nt;
+		num_nt = samdb_result_hashes(mem_ctx, msg, "unicodePwd", &ntPwdHash);
+		if (num_nt == 0) {
+			*nt_pwd = NULL;
+		} else if (num_nt > 1) {
+			return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+		} else {
+			*nt_pwd = &ntPwdHash[0];
+		}
+	}
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_result_passwords(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				struct loadparm_context *lp_ctx,
+				const struct ldb_message *msg,
+				struct samr_Password **nt_pwd)
+{
+	uint16_t acct_flags;
+
+	acct_flags = samdb_result_acct_flags(msg,
+					     "msDS-User-Account-Control-Computed");
+	/* Quit if the account was locked out. */
+	if (acct_flags & ACB_AUTOLOCK) {
+		DEBUG(3,("samdb_result_passwords: Account for user %s was locked out.\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(msg->dn)));
+		return NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT;
+	}
+
+	return samdb_result_passwords_no_lockout(mem_ctx, lp_ctx, msg,
+						 nt_pwd);
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a samr_LogonHours structutre from a result set.
+*/
+struct samr_LogonHours samdb_result_logon_hours(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr)
+{
+	struct samr_LogonHours hours;
+	size_t units_per_week = 168;
+	const struct ldb_val *val = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+
+	ZERO_STRUCT(hours);
+
+	if (val) {
+		units_per_week = val->length * 8;
+	}
+
+	hours.bits = talloc_array(mem_ctx, uint8_t, units_per_week/8);
+	if (!hours.bits) {
+		return hours;
+	}
+	hours.units_per_week = units_per_week;
+	memset(hours.bits, 0xFF, units_per_week/8);
+	if (val) {
+		memcpy(hours.bits, val->data, val->length);
+	}
+
+	return hours;
+}
+
+/*
+  pull a set of account_flags from a result set.
+
+  Naturally, this requires that userAccountControl and
+  (if not null) the attributes 'attr' be already
+  included in msg
+*/
+uint32_t samdb_result_acct_flags(const struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr)
+{
+	uint32_t userAccountControl = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(msg, "userAccountControl", 0);
+	uint32_t attr_flags = 0;
+	uint32_t acct_flags = ds_uf2acb(userAccountControl);
+	if (attr) {
+		attr_flags = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(msg, attr, UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE);
+		if (attr_flags == UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE) {
+			DEBUG(0, ("Attribute %s not found, disabling account %s!\n", attr,
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(msg->dn)));
+		}
+		acct_flags |= ds_uf2acb(attr_flags);
+	}
+
+	return acct_flags;
+}
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_result_parameters(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				 struct ldb_message *msg,
+				 const char *attr,
+				 struct lsa_BinaryString *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	const struct ldb_val *val = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(msg, attr);
+
+	ZERO_STRUCTP(s);
+
+	if (!val) {
+		return NT_STATUS_OK;
+	}
+
+	if ((val->length % 2) != 0) {
+		/*
+		 * If the on-disk data is not even in length, we know
+		 * it is corrupt, and can not be safely pushed.  We
+		 * would either truncate, send either a un-initilaised
+		 * byte or send a forced zero byte
+		 */
+		return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+	}
+
+	s->array = talloc_array(mem_ctx, uint16_t, val->length/2);
+	if (!s->array) {
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+	s->length = s->size = val->length;
+
+	/* The on-disk format is the 'network' format, being UTF16LE (sort of) */
+	for (i = 0; i < s->length / 2; i++) {
+		s->array[i] = SVAL(val->data, i * 2);
+	}
+
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+/* Find an attribute, with a particular value */
+
+/* The current callers of this function expect a very specific
+ * behaviour: In particular, objectClass subclass equivalence is not
+ * wanted.  This means that we should not lookup the schema for the
+ * comparison function */
+struct ldb_message_element *samdb_find_attribute(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+						 const struct ldb_message *msg,
+						 const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el = ldb_msg_find_element(msg, name);
+
+	if (!el) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0;i<el->num_values;i++) {
+		if (ldb_attr_cmp(value, (char *)el->values[i].data) == 0) {
+			return el;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int samdb_find_or_add_attribute_ex(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+					  struct ldb_message *msg,
+					  const char *name,
+					  const char *set_value,
+					  unsigned attr_flags,
+					  bool *added)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+
+	SMB_ASSERT(attr_flags != 0);
+
+       	el = ldb_msg_find_element(msg, name);
+	if (el) {
+		if (added != NULL) {
+			*added = false;
+		}
+
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_empty(msg, name,
+				attr_flags,
+				&el);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (set_value != NULL) {
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_string(msg, name, set_value);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (added != NULL) {
+		*added = true;
+	}
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int samdb_find_or_add_attribute(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_message *msg, const char *name, const char *set_value)
+{
+	return samdb_find_or_add_attribute_ex(ldb, msg, name, set_value, LDB_FLAG_MOD_ADD, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a dom_sid element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_dom_sid(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			  const char *attr_name, const struct dom_sid *sid)
+{
+	struct ldb_val v;
+	enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+
+	ndr_err = ndr_push_struct_blob(&v, mem_ctx,
+				       sid,
+				       (ndr_push_flags_fn_t)ndr_push_dom_sid);
+	if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+		return ldb_operr(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_value(msg, attr_name, &v, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+  add a delete element operation to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_delete(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			 const char *attr_name)
+{
+	/* we use an empty replace rather than a delete, as it allows for
+	   dsdb_replace() to be used everywhere */
+	return ldb_msg_add_empty(msg, attr_name, LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  add an add attribute value to a message or enhance an existing attribute
+  which has the same name and the add flag set.
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_addval(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			 struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr_name,
+			 const char *value)
+{
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	char *v;
+	unsigned int i;
+	bool found = false;
+	int ret;
+
+	v = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, value);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+
+	val.data = (uint8_t *) v;
+	val.length = strlen(v);
+
+	if (val.length == 0) {
+		/* allow empty strings as non-existent attributes */
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < msg->num_elements; i++) {
+		el = &msg->elements[i];
+		if ((ldb_attr_cmp(el->name, attr_name) == 0) &&
+		    (LDB_FLAG_MOD_TYPE(el->flags) == LDB_FLAG_MOD_ADD)) {
+			found = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found) {
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_empty(msg, attr_name, LDB_FLAG_MOD_ADD,
+					&el);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_element_add_value(msg->elements, el, &val);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  add a delete attribute value to a message or enhance an existing attribute
+  which has the same name and the delete flag set.
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_delval(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			 struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr_name,
+			 const char *value)
+{
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	char *v;
+	unsigned int i;
+	bool found = false;
+	int ret;
+
+	v = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, value);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+
+	val.data = (uint8_t *) v;
+	val.length = strlen(v);
+
+	if (val.length == 0) {
+		/* allow empty strings as non-existent attributes */
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < msg->num_elements; i++) {
+		el = &msg->elements[i];
+		if ((ldb_attr_cmp(el->name, attr_name) == 0) &&
+		    (LDB_FLAG_MOD_TYPE(el->flags) == LDB_FLAG_MOD_DELETE)) {
+			found = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found) {
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_empty(msg, attr_name, LDB_FLAG_MOD_DELETE,
+					&el);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_element_add_value(msg->elements, el, &val);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  add a int element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_int(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+		       const char *attr_name, int v)
+{
+	const char *s = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%d", v);
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_string(msg, attr_name, s);
+}
+
+int samdb_msg_add_int_flags(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			    const char *attr_name, int v, int flags)
+{
+	const char *s = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%d", v);
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_string_flags(msg, attr_name, s, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add an unsigned int element to a message
+ *
+ * The issue here is that we have not yet first cast to int32_t explicitly,
+ * before we cast to an signed int to printf() into the %d or cast to a
+ * int64_t before we then cast to a long long to printf into a %lld.
+ *
+ * There are *no* unsigned integers in Active Directory LDAP, even the RID
+ * allocations and ms-DS-Secondary-KrbTgt-Number are *signed* quantities.
+ * (See the schema, and the syntax definitions in schema_syntax.c).
+ *
+ */
+int samdb_msg_add_uint(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+		       const char *attr_name, unsigned int v)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_add_int(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, (int)v);
+}
+
+int samdb_msg_add_uint_flags(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			     const char *attr_name, unsigned int v, int flags)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_add_int_flags(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, (int)v, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a (signed) int64_t element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_int64(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			const char *attr_name, int64_t v)
+{
+	const char *s = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%lld", (long long)v);
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_string(msg, attr_name, s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add an unsigned int64_t (uint64_t) element to a message
+ *
+ * The issue here is that we have not yet first cast to int32_t explicitly,
+ * before we cast to an signed int to printf() into the %d or cast to a
+ * int64_t before we then cast to a long long to printf into a %lld.
+ *
+ * There are *no* unsigned integers in Active Directory LDAP, even the RID
+ * allocations and ms-DS-Secondary-KrbTgt-Number are *signed* quantities.
+ * (See the schema, and the syntax definitions in schema_syntax.c).
+ *
+ */
+int samdb_msg_add_uint64(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			const char *attr_name, uint64_t v)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_add_int64(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, (int64_t)v);
+}
+
+/*
+  append a int element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_append_int(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+		      const char *attr_name, int v, int flags)
+{
+	const char *s = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%d", v);
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_append_string(msg, attr_name, s, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append an unsigned int element to a message
+ *
+ * The issue here is that we have not yet first cast to int32_t explicitly,
+ * before we cast to an signed int to printf() into the %d or cast to a
+ * int64_t before we then cast to a long long to printf into a %lld.
+ *
+ * There are *no* unsigned integers in Active Directory LDAP, even the RID
+ * allocations and ms-DS-Secondary-KrbTgt-Number are *signed* quantities.
+ * (See the schema, and the syntax definitions in schema_syntax.c).
+ *
+ */
+int samdb_msg_append_uint(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			  const char *attr_name, unsigned int v, int flags)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_append_int(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, (int)v, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+  append a (signed) int64_t element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_append_int64(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			   const char *attr_name, int64_t v, int flags)
+{
+	const char *s = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%lld", (long long)v);
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_append_string(msg, attr_name, s, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Append an unsigned int64_t (uint64_t) element to a message
+ *
+ * The issue here is that we have not yet first cast to int32_t explicitly,
+ * before we cast to an signed int to printf() into the %d or cast to a
+ * int64_t before we then cast to a long long to printf into a %lld.
+ *
+ * There are *no* unsigned integers in Active Directory LDAP, even the RID
+ * allocations and ms-DS-Secondary-KrbTgt-Number are *signed* quantities.
+ * (See the schema, and the syntax definitions in schema_syntax.c).
+ *
+ */
+int samdb_msg_append_uint64(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			    const char *attr_name, uint64_t v, int flags)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_append_int64(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, (int64_t)v, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a samr_Password element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_hash(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+		       const char *attr_name, const struct samr_Password *hash)
+{
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	val.data = talloc_memdup(mem_ctx, hash->hash, 16);
+	if (!val.data) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	val.length = 16;
+	return ldb_msg_add_value(msg, attr_name, &val, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a samr_Password array to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_hashes(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			 TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			 const char *attr_name, struct samr_Password *hashes,
+			 unsigned int count)
+{
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	unsigned int i;
+	val.data = talloc_array_size(mem_ctx, 16, count);
+	val.length = count*16;
+	if (!val.data) {
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+	for (i=0;i<count;i++) {
+		memcpy(i*16 + (char *)val.data, hashes[i].hash, 16);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_value(msg, attr_name, &val, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a acct_flags element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_acct_flags(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			     const char *attr_name, uint32_t v)
+{
+	return samdb_msg_add_uint(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, ds_acb2uf(v));
+}
+
+/*
+  add a logon_hours element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_logon_hours(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			      const char *attr_name, struct samr_LogonHours *hours)
+{
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	val.length = hours->units_per_week / 8;
+	val.data = hours->bits;
+	return ldb_msg_add_value(msg, attr_name, &val, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  add a parameters element to a message
+*/
+int samdb_msg_add_parameters(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_message *msg,
+			     const char *attr_name, struct lsa_BinaryString *parameters)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct ldb_val val;
+	if ((parameters->length % 2) != 0) {
+		return LDB_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	val.data = talloc_array(mem_ctx, uint8_t, parameters->length);
+	if (val.data == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	val.length = parameters->length;
+	for (i = 0; i < parameters->length / 2; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * The on-disk format needs to be in the 'network'
+		 * format, parmeters->array is a uint16_t array of
+		 * length parameters->length / 2
+		 */
+		SSVAL(val.data, i * 2, parameters->array[i]);
+	}
+	return ldb_msg_add_steal_value(msg, attr_name, &val);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets an unsigned int element in a message
+ *
+ * The issue here is that we have not yet first cast to int32_t explicitly,
+ * before we cast to an signed int to printf() into the %d or cast to a
+ * int64_t before we then cast to a long long to printf into a %lld.
+ *
+ * There are *no* unsigned integers in Active Directory LDAP, even the RID
+ * allocations and ms-DS-Secondary-KrbTgt-Number are *signed* quantities.
+ * (See the schema, and the syntax definitions in schema_syntax.c).
+ *
+ */
+int samdb_msg_set_uint(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		       struct ldb_message *msg, const char *attr_name,
+		       unsigned int v)
+{
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+
+	el = ldb_msg_find_element(msg, attr_name);
+	if (el) {
+		el->num_values = 0;
+	}
+	return samdb_msg_add_uint(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, msg, attr_name, v);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle ldb_request in transaction
+ */
+int dsdb_autotransaction_request(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				 struct ldb_request *req)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ldb_transaction_start(sam_ldb);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request(sam_ldb, req);
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ldb_transaction_commit(sam_ldb);
+	}
+	ldb_transaction_cancel(sam_ldb);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  return a default security descriptor
+*/
+struct security_descriptor *samdb_default_security_descriptor(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct security_descriptor *sd;
+
+	sd = security_descriptor_initialise(mem_ctx);
+
+	return sd;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_aggregate_schema_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *schema_dn = ldb_get_schema_basedn(sam_ctx);
+	struct ldb_dn *aggregate_dn;
+	if (!schema_dn) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	aggregate_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, schema_dn);
+	if (!aggregate_dn) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (!ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(aggregate_dn, "CN=Aggregate")) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return aggregate_dn;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_partitions_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *new_dn;
+
+	new_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, ldb_get_config_basedn(sam_ctx));
+	if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(new_dn, "CN=Partitions")) {
+		talloc_free(new_dn);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return new_dn;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_infrastructure_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+       struct ldb_dn *new_dn;
+
+       new_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, ldb_get_default_basedn(sam_ctx));
+       if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(new_dn, "CN=Infrastructure")) {
+               talloc_free(new_dn);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       return new_dn;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_system_container_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *new_dn = NULL;
+	bool ok;
+
+	new_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, ldb_get_default_basedn(sam_ctx));
+	if (new_dn == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	ok = ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(new_dn, "CN=System");
+	if (!ok) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(new_dn);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return new_dn;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_sites_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *new_dn;
+
+	new_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, ldb_get_config_basedn(sam_ctx));
+	if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(new_dn, "CN=Sites")) {
+		talloc_free(new_dn);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return new_dn;
+}
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_extended_rights_dn(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *new_dn;
+
+	new_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, ldb_get_config_basedn(sam_ctx));
+	if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(new_dn, "CN=Extended-Rights")) {
+		talloc_free(new_dn);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return new_dn;
+}
+/*
+  work out the domain sid for the current open ldb
+*/
+const struct dom_sid *samdb_domain_sid(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	const struct dom_sid *domain_sid;
+	const char *attrs[] = {
+		"objectSid",
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	domain_sid = (struct dom_sid *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_sid");
+	if (domain_sid) {
+		return domain_sid;
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, "objectSid=*");
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	domain_sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(tmp_ctx, res->msgs[0], "objectSid");
+	if (domain_sid == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	/* cache the domain_sid in the ldb */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_sid", discard_const_p(struct dom_sid, domain_sid)) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, domain_sid);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return domain_sid;
+
+failed:
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+  get domain sid from cache
+*/
+const struct dom_sid *samdb_domain_sid_cache_only(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	return (struct dom_sid *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_sid");
+}
+
+bool samdb_set_domain_sid(struct ldb_context *ldb, const struct dom_sid *dom_sid_in)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	struct dom_sid *dom_sid_new;
+	struct dom_sid *dom_sid_old;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	dom_sid_old = talloc_get_type(ldb_get_opaque(ldb,
+						     "cache.domain_sid"), struct dom_sid);
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	dom_sid_new = dom_sid_dup(tmp_ctx, dom_sid_in);
+	if (!dom_sid_new) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	/* cache the domain_sid in the ldb */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_sid", dom_sid_new) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, dom_sid_new);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	talloc_free(dom_sid_old);
+
+	return true;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to set our own cached domain SID in the ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the domain guid for the current open ldb
+*/
+const struct GUID *samdb_domain_guid(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = NULL;
+	struct GUID *domain_guid = NULL;
+	const char *attrs[] = {
+		"objectGUID",
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	domain_guid = (struct GUID *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_guid");
+	if (domain_guid) {
+		return domain_guid;
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, "objectGUID=*");
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	domain_guid = talloc(tmp_ctx, struct GUID);
+	if (domain_guid == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+	*domain_guid = samdb_result_guid(res->msgs[0], "objectGUID");
+
+	/* cache the domain_sid in the ldb */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, "cache.domain_guid", domain_guid) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, domain_guid);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return domain_guid;
+
+failed:
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+bool samdb_set_ntds_settings_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *ntds_settings_dn_in)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	struct ldb_dn *ntds_settings_dn_new;
+	struct ldb_dn *ntds_settings_dn_old;
+
+	/* see if we have a forced copy from provision */
+	ntds_settings_dn_old = talloc_get_type(ldb_get_opaque(ldb,
+							      "forced.ntds_settings_dn"), struct ldb_dn);
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ntds_settings_dn_new = ldb_dn_copy(tmp_ctx, ntds_settings_dn_in);
+	if (!ntds_settings_dn_new) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	/* set the DN in the ldb to avoid lookups during provision */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, "forced.ntds_settings_dn", ntds_settings_dn_new) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, ntds_settings_dn_new);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	talloc_free(ntds_settings_dn_old);
+
+	return true;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to set our NTDS Settings DN in the ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the ntds settings dn for the current open ldb
+*/
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_ntds_settings_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	const char *root_attrs[] = { "dsServiceName", NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *root_res;
+	struct ldb_dn *settings_dn;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	settings_dn = (struct ldb_dn *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "forced.ntds_settings_dn");
+	if (settings_dn) {
+		return ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, settings_dn);
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &root_res, ldb_dn_new(tmp_ctx, ldb, ""), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, root_attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1,("Searching for dsServiceName in rootDSE failed: %s\n",
+			 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (root_res->count != 1) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	settings_dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, root_res->msgs[0], "dsServiceName");
+
+	/* note that we do not cache the DN here, as that would mean
+	 * we could not handle server renames at runtime. Only
+	 * provision sets up forced.ntds_settings_dn */
+
+	talloc_steal(mem_ctx, settings_dn);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return settings_dn;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to find our own NTDS Settings DN in the ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the ntds settings invocationID/objectGUID for the current open ldb
+*/
+static const struct GUID *samdb_ntds_GUID(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+					  const char *attribute,
+					  const char *cache_name)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	const char *attrs[] = { attribute, NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	struct GUID *ntds_guid;
+	struct ldb_dn *ntds_settings_dn = NULL;
+	const char *errstr = NULL;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	ntds_guid = (struct GUID *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, cache_name);
+	if (ntds_guid != NULL) {
+		return ntds_guid;
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ntds_settings_dn = samdb_ntds_settings_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx);
+	if (ntds_settings_dn == NULL) {
+		errstr = "samdb_ntds_settings_dn() returned NULL";
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, ntds_settings_dn,
+			 LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret) {
+		errstr = ldb_errstring(ldb);
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		errstr = "incorrect number of results from base search";
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ntds_guid = talloc(tmp_ctx, struct GUID);
+	if (ntds_guid == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	*ntds_guid = samdb_result_guid(res->msgs[0], attribute);
+
+	if (GUID_all_zero(ntds_guid)) {
+		if (ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(res->msgs[0], attribute)) {
+			errstr = "failed to find the GUID attribute";
+		} else {
+			errstr = "failed to parse the GUID";
+		}
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	/* cache the domain_sid in the ldb */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, cache_name, ntds_guid) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		errstr = "ldb_set_opaque() failed";
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, ntds_guid);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return ntds_guid;
+
+failed:
+	DBG_WARNING("Failed to find our own NTDS Settings %s in the ldb: %s!\n",
+		    attribute, errstr);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the ntds settings objectGUID for the current open ldb
+*/
+const struct GUID *samdb_ntds_objectGUID(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	return samdb_ntds_GUID(ldb, "objectGUID", "cache.ntds_guid");
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the ntds settings invocationId for the current open ldb
+*/
+const struct GUID *samdb_ntds_invocation_id(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	return samdb_ntds_GUID(ldb, "invocationId", "cache.invocation_id");
+}
+
+static bool samdb_set_ntds_GUID(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+				const struct GUID *ntds_guid_in,
+				const char *attribute,
+				const char *cache_name)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	struct GUID *ntds_guid_new;
+	struct GUID *ntds_guid_old;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	ntds_guid_old = (struct GUID *)ldb_get_opaque(ldb, cache_name);
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ntds_guid_new = talloc(tmp_ctx, struct GUID);
+	if (!ntds_guid_new) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	*ntds_guid_new = *ntds_guid_in;
+
+	/* cache the domain_sid in the ldb */
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, cache_name, ntds_guid_new) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, ntds_guid_new);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	talloc_free(ntds_guid_old);
+
+	return true;
+
+failed:
+	DBG_WARNING("Failed to set our own cached %s in the ldb!\n",
+		    attribute);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return false;
+}
+
+bool samdb_set_ntds_objectGUID(struct ldb_context *ldb, const struct GUID *ntds_guid_in)
+{
+	return samdb_set_ntds_GUID(ldb,
+				   ntds_guid_in,
+				   "objectGUID",
+				   "cache.ntds_guid");
+}
+
+bool samdb_set_ntds_invocation_id(struct ldb_context *ldb, const struct GUID *invocation_id_in)
+{
+	return samdb_set_ntds_GUID(ldb,
+				   invocation_id_in,
+				   "invocationId",
+				   "cache.invocation_id");
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the server dn for the current open ldb
+*/
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_server_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	if (!tmp_ctx) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	dn = ldb_dn_get_parent(mem_ctx, samdb_ntds_settings_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return dn;
+
+}
+
+/*
+  work out the server dn for the current open ldb
+*/
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_server_site_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *server_dn;
+	struct ldb_dn *servers_dn;
+	struct ldb_dn *server_site_dn;
+
+	/* TODO: there must be a saner way to do this!! */
+	server_dn = samdb_server_dn(ldb, mem_ctx);
+	if (!server_dn) return NULL;
+
+	servers_dn = ldb_dn_get_parent(mem_ctx, server_dn);
+	talloc_free(server_dn);
+	if (!servers_dn) return NULL;
+
+	server_site_dn = ldb_dn_get_parent(mem_ctx, servers_dn);
+	talloc_free(servers_dn);
+
+	return server_site_dn;
+}
+
+/*
+  find the site name from a computers DN record
+ */
+int samdb_find_site_for_computer(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+				 TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *computer_dn,
+				 const char **site_name)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	const struct ldb_val *rdn_val;
+
+	*site_name = NULL;
+
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, computer_dn, "serverReferenceBL", &dn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (!ldb_dn_remove_child_components(dn, 2)) {
+		talloc_free(dn);
+		return LDB_ERR_INVALID_DN_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	rdn_val = ldb_dn_get_rdn_val(dn);
+	if (rdn_val == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	(*site_name) = talloc_strndup(mem_ctx, (const char *)rdn_val->data, rdn_val->length);
+	talloc_free(dn);
+	if (!*site_name) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  find the NTDS GUID from a computers DN record
+ */
+int samdb_find_ntdsguid_for_computer(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *computer_dn,
+				     struct GUID *ntds_guid)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+
+	*ntds_guid = GUID_zero();
+
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, ldb, computer_dn, "serverReferenceBL", &dn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (!ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(dn, "CN=NTDS Settings")) {
+		talloc_free(dn);
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_find_guid_by_dn(ldb, dn, ntds_guid);
+	talloc_free(dn);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  find a 'reference' DN that points at another object
+  (eg. serverReference, rIDManagerReference etc)
+ */
+int samdb_reference_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *base,
+		       const char *attribute, struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	const char *attrs[2];
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	int ret;
+
+	attrs[0] = attribute;
+	attrs[1] = NULL;
+
+	ret = dsdb_search(ldb, mem_ctx, &res, base, LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY|DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_EXTENDED_DN, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ldb_asprintf_errstring(ldb, "Cannot find DN %s to get attribute %s for reference dn: %s",
+				       ldb_dn_get_linearized(base), attribute, ldb_errstring(ldb));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	*dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, res->msgs[0], attribute);
+	if (!*dn) {
+		if (!ldb_msg_find_element(res->msgs[0], attribute)) {
+			ldb_asprintf_errstring(ldb, "Cannot find attribute %s of %s to calculate reference dn", attribute,
+					       ldb_dn_get_linearized(base));
+		} else {
+			ldb_asprintf_errstring(ldb, "Cannot interpret attribute %s of %s as a dn", attribute,
+					       ldb_dn_get_linearized(base));
+		}
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_ATTRIBUTE;
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(res);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  find if a DN (must have GUID component!) is our ntdsDsa
+ */
+int samdb_dn_is_our_ntdsa(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *dn, bool *is_ntdsa)
+{
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	struct GUID dn_guid;
+	const struct GUID *our_ntds_guid;
+	status = dsdb_get_extended_dn_guid(dn, &dn_guid, "GUID");
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	our_ntds_guid = samdb_ntds_objectGUID(ldb);
+	if (!our_ntds_guid) {
+		DEBUG(0, ("Failed to find our NTDS Settings GUID for comparison with %s - %s\n", ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn), ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	*is_ntdsa = GUID_equal(&dn_guid, our_ntds_guid);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  find a 'reference' DN that points at another object and indicate if it is our ntdsDsa
+ */
+int samdb_reference_dn_is_our_ntdsa(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *base,
+				    const char *attribute, bool *is_ntdsa)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_dn *referenced_dn;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, base, attribute, &referenced_dn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0, ("Failed to find object %s for attribute %s - %s\n", ldb_dn_get_linearized(base), attribute, ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = samdb_dn_is_our_ntdsa(ldb, referenced_dn, is_ntdsa);
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  find our machine account via the serverReference attribute in the
+  server DN
+ */
+int samdb_server_reference_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *server_dn;
+	int ret;
+
+	server_dn = samdb_server_dn(ldb, mem_ctx);
+	if (server_dn == NULL) {
+		return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+	}
+
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, server_dn, "serverReference", dn);
+	talloc_free(server_dn);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  find the RID Manager$ DN via the rIDManagerReference attribute in the
+  base DN
+ */
+int samdb_rid_manager_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	return samdb_reference_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb),
+				  "rIDManagerReference", dn);
+}
+
+/*
+  find the RID Set DN via the rIDSetReferences attribute in our
+  machine account DN
+ */
+int samdb_rid_set_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *server_ref_dn = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = samdb_server_reference_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, &server_ref_dn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, server_ref_dn, "rIDSetReferences", dn);
+	talloc_free(server_ref_dn);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+const char *samdb_server_site_name(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *val = ldb_dn_get_rdn_val(samdb_server_site_dn(ldb,
+									    mem_ctx));
+
+	if (val == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return (const char *) val->data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds the client site by using the client's IP address.
+ * The "subnet_name" returns the name of the subnet if parameter != NULL
+ *
+ * Has a Windows-based fallback to provide the only site available, or an empty
+ * string if there are multiple sites.
+ */
+const char *samdb_client_site_name(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				   const char *ip_address, char **subnet_name,
+				   bool fallback)
+{
+	const char *attrs[] = { "cn", "siteObject", NULL };
+	struct ldb_dn *sites_container_dn = NULL;
+	struct ldb_dn *subnets_dn = NULL;
+	struct ldb_dn *sites_dn = NULL;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	const struct ldb_val *val = NULL;
+	const char *site_name = NULL;
+	const char *l_subnet_name = NULL;
+	const char *allow_list[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	unsigned int i, count;
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * if we don't have a client ip e.g. ncalrpc
+	 * the server site is the client site
+	 */
+	if (ip_address == NULL) {
+		return samdb_server_site_name(ldb, mem_ctx);
+	}
+
+	sites_container_dn = samdb_sites_dn(ldb, mem_ctx);
+	if (sites_container_dn == NULL) {
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	subnets_dn = ldb_dn_copy(mem_ctx, sites_container_dn);
+	if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(subnets_dn, "CN=Subnets")) {
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, mem_ctx, &res, subnets_dn, LDB_SCOPE_ONELEVEL,
+			 attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		count = 0;
+	} else if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto exit;
+	} else {
+		count = res->count;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		l_subnet_name = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res->msgs[i], "cn",
+							    NULL);
+
+		allow_list[0] = l_subnet_name;
+
+		if (allow_access_nolog(NULL, allow_list, "", ip_address)) {
+			sites_dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(ldb, mem_ctx,
+							   res->msgs[i],
+							   "siteObject");
+			if (sites_dn == NULL) {
+				/* No reference, maybe another subnet matches */
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* "val" cannot be NULL here since "sites_dn" != NULL */
+			val = ldb_dn_get_rdn_val(sites_dn);
+			site_name = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx,
+						  (const char *) val->data);
+
+			TALLOC_FREE(sites_dn);
+
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (site_name == NULL && fallback) {
+		/* This is the Windows Server fallback rule: when no subnet
+		 * exists and we have only one site available then use it (it
+		 * is for sure the same as our server site). If more sites do
+		 * exist then we don't know which one to use and set the site
+		 * name to "". */
+		size_t cnt = 0;
+		ret = dsdb_domain_count(
+			ldb,
+			&cnt,
+			sites_container_dn,
+			NULL,
+			LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE,
+			"(objectClass=site)");
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			goto exit;
+		}
+		if (cnt == 1) {
+			site_name = samdb_server_site_name(ldb, mem_ctx);
+		} else {
+			site_name = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, "");
+		}
+		l_subnet_name = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (subnet_name != NULL) {
+		*subnet_name = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, l_subnet_name);
+	}
+
+exit:
+	TALLOC_FREE(sites_container_dn);
+	TALLOC_FREE(subnets_dn);
+	TALLOC_FREE(res);
+
+	return site_name;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out if we are the PDC for the domain of the current open ldb
+*/
+bool samdb_is_pdc(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	int ret;
+	bool is_pdc;
+
+	ret = samdb_reference_dn_is_our_ntdsa(ldb, ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb), "fsmoRoleOwner",
+					      &is_pdc);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1,("Failed to find if we are the PDC for this ldb: Searching for fSMORoleOwner in %s failed: %s\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb)),
+			 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return is_pdc;
+}
+
+/*
+  work out if we are a Global Catalog server for the domain of the current open ldb
+*/
+bool samdb_is_gc(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	uint32_t options = 0;
+	if (samdb_ntds_options(ldb, &options) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return (options & DS_NTDSDSA_OPT_IS_GC) != 0;
+}
+
+/* Find a domain object in the parents of a particular DN.  */
+int samdb_search_for_parent_domain(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *dn,
+				   struct ldb_dn **parent_dn, const char **errstring)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *local_ctx;
+	struct ldb_dn *sdn = dn;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	int ret = LDB_SUCCESS;
+	const char *attrs[] = { NULL };
+
+	local_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	if (local_ctx == NULL) return ldb_oom(ldb);
+
+	while ((sdn = ldb_dn_get_parent(local_ctx, sdn))) {
+		ret = ldb_search(ldb, local_ctx, &res, sdn, LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs,
+				 "(|(objectClass=domain)(objectClass=builtinDomain))");
+		if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			if (res->count == 1) {
+				break;
+			}
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		*errstring = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "Error searching for parent domain of %s, failed searching for %s: %s",
+					     ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn),
+					     ldb_dn_get_linearized(sdn),
+					     ldb_errstring(ldb));
+		talloc_free(local_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	/* should never be true with 'ret=LDB_SUCCESS', here to satisfy clang */
+	if (res == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(local_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		*errstring = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "Invalid dn (%s), not child of a domain object",
+					     ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn));
+		DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": %s\n", *errstring));
+		talloc_free(local_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION;
+	}
+
+	*parent_dn = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]->dn);
+	talloc_free(local_ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pwd_timeout_debug(struct tevent_context *unused1,
+			      struct tevent_timer *unused2,
+			      struct timeval unused3,
+			      void *unused4)
+{
+	DEBUG(0, ("WARNING: check_password_complexity: password script "
+		  "took more than 1 second to run\n"));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Performs checks on a user password (plaintext UNIX format - attribute
+ * "password"). The remaining parameters have to be extracted from the domain
+ * object in the AD.
+ *
+ * Result codes from "enum samr_ValidationStatus" (consider "samr.idl")
+ */
+enum samr_ValidationStatus samdb_check_password(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+						struct loadparm_context *lp_ctx,
+						const char *account_name,
+						const char *user_principal_name,
+						const char *full_name,
+						const DATA_BLOB *utf8_blob,
+						const uint32_t pwdProperties,
+						const uint32_t minPwdLength)
+{
+	const struct loadparm_substitution *lp_sub =
+		lpcfg_noop_substitution();
+	char *password_script = NULL;
+	const char *utf8_pw = (const char *)utf8_blob->data;
+
+	/*
+	 * This looks strange because it is.
+	 *
+	 * The check for the number of characters in the password
+	 * should clearly not be against the byte length, or else a
+	 * single UTF8 character would count for more than one.
+	 *
+	 * We have chosen to use the number of 16-bit units that the
+	 * password encodes to as the measure of length.  This is not
+	 * the same as the number of codepoints, if a password
+	 * contains a character beyond the Basic Multilingual Plane
+	 * (above 65535) it will count for more than one "character".
+	 */
+
+	size_t password_characters_roughly = strlen_m(utf8_pw);
+
+	/* checks if the "minPwdLength" property is satisfied */
+	if (minPwdLength > password_characters_roughly) {
+		return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PWD_TOO_SHORT;
+	}
+
+	/* We might not be asked to check the password complexity */
+	if (!(pwdProperties & DOMAIN_PASSWORD_COMPLEX)) {
+		return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (password_characters_roughly == 0) {
+		return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_COMPLEX_ENOUGH;
+	}
+
+	password_script = lpcfg_check_password_script(lp_ctx, lp_sub, mem_ctx);
+	if (password_script != NULL && *password_script != '\0') {
+		int check_ret = 0;
+		int error = 0;
+		ssize_t nwritten = 0;
+		struct tevent_context *event_ctx = NULL;
+		struct tevent_req *req = NULL;
+		int cps_stdin = -1;
+		const char * const cmd[4] = {
+			"/bin/sh", "-c",
+			password_script,
+			NULL
+		};
+
+		event_ctx = tevent_context_init(mem_ctx);
+		if (event_ctx == NULL) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		/* Gives a warning after 1 second, terminates after 10 */
+		tevent_add_timer(event_ctx, event_ctx,
+				 tevent_timeval_current_ofs(1, 0),
+				 pwd_timeout_debug, NULL);
+
+		check_ret = setenv("SAMBA_CPS_ACCOUNT_NAME", account_name, 1);
+		if (check_ret != 0) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+		if (user_principal_name != NULL) {
+			check_ret = setenv("SAMBA_CPS_USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME",
+					   user_principal_name, 1);
+		} else {
+			unsetenv("SAMBA_CPS_USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME");
+		}
+		if (check_ret != 0) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+		if (full_name != NULL) {
+			check_ret = setenv("SAMBA_CPS_FULL_NAME", full_name, 1);
+		} else {
+			unsetenv("SAMBA_CPS_FULL_NAME");
+		}
+		if (check_ret != 0) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		req = samba_runcmd_send(event_ctx, event_ctx,
+					tevent_timeval_current_ofs(10, 0),
+					100, 100, cmd, NULL);
+		unsetenv("SAMBA_CPS_ACCOUNT_NAME");
+		unsetenv("SAMBA_CPS_USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME");
+		unsetenv("SAMBA_CPS_FULL_NAME");
+		if (req == NULL) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		cps_stdin = samba_runcmd_export_stdin(req);
+
+		nwritten = write_data(
+			cps_stdin, utf8_blob->data, utf8_blob->length);
+		if (nwritten == -1) {
+			close(cps_stdin);
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		close(cps_stdin);
+
+		if (!tevent_req_poll(req, event_ctx)) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		check_ret = samba_runcmd_recv(req, &error);
+		TALLOC_FREE(event_ctx);
+
+		if (error == ETIMEDOUT) {
+			DEBUG(0, ("check_password_complexity: check password script took too long!\n"));
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_PASSWORD_FILTER_ERROR;
+		}
+		DEBUG(5,("check_password_complexity: check password script (%s) "
+			 "returned [%d]\n", password_script, check_ret));
+
+		if (check_ret != 0) {
+			DEBUG(1,("check_password_complexity: "
+				 "check password script said new password is not good "
+				 "enough!\n"));
+			TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+			return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_COMPLEX_ENOUGH;
+		}
+
+		TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+		return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(password_script);
+
+	/*
+	 * Here are the standard AD password quality rules, which we
+	 * run after the script.
+	 */
+
+	if (!check_password_quality(utf8_pw)) {
+		return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_COMPLEX_ENOUGH;
+	}
+
+	return SAMR_VALIDATION_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Callback for "samdb_set_password" password change
+ */
+int samdb_set_password_callback(struct ldb_request *req, struct ldb_reply *ares)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!ares) {
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (ares->error != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ares->error;
+		req->context = talloc_steal(req,
+					    ldb_reply_get_control(ares, DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_CHANGE_STATUS_OID));
+		talloc_free(ares);
+		return ldb_request_done(req, ret);
+	}
+
+	if (ares->type != LDB_REPLY_DONE) {
+		talloc_free(ares);
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	req->context = talloc_steal(req,
+				    ldb_reply_get_control(ares, DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_CHANGE_STATUS_OID));
+	talloc_free(ares);
+	return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets the user password using plaintext UTF16 (attribute "new_password") or
+ * LM (attribute "lmNewHash") or NT (attribute "ntNewHash") hash. Also pass
+ * the old LM and/or NT hash (attributes "lmOldHash"/"ntOldHash") if it is a
+ * user change or not. The "rejectReason" gives some more information if the
+ * change failed.
+ *
+ * Results: NT_STATUS_OK, NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER, NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL,
+ *   NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD, NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_RESTRICTION,
+ *   NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED, NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT, NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY
+ */
+static NTSTATUS samdb_set_password_internal(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			    struct ldb_dn *user_dn, struct ldb_dn *domain_dn,
+			    const DATA_BLOB *new_password,
+			    const struct samr_Password *ntNewHash,
+			    enum dsdb_password_checked old_password_checked,
+			    enum samPwdChangeReason *reject_reason,
+			    struct samr_DomInfo1 **_dominfo,
+			    bool permit_interdomain_trust)
+{
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	struct dsdb_control_password_change_status *pwd_stat = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	bool hash_values = false;
+	NTSTATUS status = NT_STATUS_OK;
+
+#define CHECK_RET(x) \
+	if (x != LDB_SUCCESS) { \
+		talloc_free(msg); \
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY; \
+	}
+
+	msg = ldb_msg_new(mem_ctx);
+	if (msg == NULL) {
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+	msg->dn = user_dn;
+	if ((new_password != NULL)
+			&& ((ntNewHash == NULL))) {
+		/* we have the password as plaintext UTF16 */
+		CHECK_RET(ldb_msg_add_value(msg, "clearTextPassword",
+					    new_password, NULL));
+		el = ldb_msg_find_element(msg, "clearTextPassword");
+		el->flags = LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE;
+	} else if ((new_password == NULL)
+			&& ((ntNewHash != NULL))) {
+		/* we have a password as NT hash */
+		if (ntNewHash != NULL) {
+			CHECK_RET(samdb_msg_add_hash(ldb, mem_ctx, msg,
+				"unicodePwd", ntNewHash));
+			el = ldb_msg_find_element(msg, "unicodePwd");
+			el->flags = LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE;
+		}
+		hash_values = true;
+	} else {
+		/* the password wasn't specified correctly */
+		talloc_free(msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+	}
+
+	/* build modify request */
+	ret = ldb_build_mod_req(&req, ldb, mem_ctx, msg, NULL, NULL,
+				samdb_set_password_callback, NULL);
+        if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+        }
+
+	/* A password change operation */
+	if (old_password_checked == DSDB_PASSWORD_CHECKED_AND_CORRECT) {
+		struct dsdb_control_password_change *change;
+
+		change = talloc(req, struct dsdb_control_password_change);
+		if (change == NULL) {
+			talloc_free(req);
+			talloc_free(msg);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+
+		change->old_password_checked = old_password_checked;
+
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+					      DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_CHANGE_OLD_PW_CHECKED_OID,
+					      true, change);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(req);
+			talloc_free(msg);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+	}
+	if (hash_values) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+					      DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_HASH_VALUES_OID,
+					      true, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(req);
+			talloc_free(msg);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+	}
+	if (permit_interdomain_trust) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+					      DSDB_CONTROL_PERMIT_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_UAC_OID,
+					      false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(req);
+			talloc_free(msg);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+				      DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_CHANGE_STATUS_OID,
+				      true, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(req);
+		talloc_free(msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request(ldb, req);
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	if (req->context != NULL) {
+		struct ldb_control *control = talloc_get_type_abort(req->context,
+								    struct ldb_control);
+		pwd_stat = talloc_get_type_abort(control->data,
+						 struct dsdb_control_password_change_status);
+		talloc_steal(mem_ctx, pwd_stat);
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(req);
+	talloc_free(msg);
+
+	/* Sets the domain info (if requested) */
+	if (_dominfo != NULL) {
+		struct samr_DomInfo1 *dominfo;
+
+		dominfo = talloc_zero(mem_ctx, struct samr_DomInfo1);
+		if (dominfo == NULL) {
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+
+		if (pwd_stat != NULL) {
+			dominfo->min_password_length     = pwd_stat->domain_data.minPwdLength;
+			dominfo->password_properties     = pwd_stat->domain_data.pwdProperties;
+			dominfo->password_history_length = pwd_stat->domain_data.pwdHistoryLength;
+			dominfo->max_password_age        = pwd_stat->domain_data.maxPwdAge;
+			dominfo->min_password_age        = pwd_stat->domain_data.minPwdAge;
+		}
+
+		*_dominfo = dominfo;
+	}
+
+	if (reject_reason != NULL) {
+		if (pwd_stat != NULL) {
+			*reject_reason = pwd_stat->reject_reason;
+		} else {
+			*reject_reason = SAM_PWD_CHANGE_NO_ERROR;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (pwd_stat != NULL) {
+		talloc_free(pwd_stat);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION) {
+		const char *errmsg = ldb_errstring(ldb);
+		char *endptr = NULL;
+		WERROR werr = WERR_GEN_FAILURE;
+		status = NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
+		if (errmsg != NULL) {
+			werr = W_ERROR(strtol(errmsg, &endptr, 16));
+			DBG_WARNING("%s\n", errmsg);
+		}
+		if (endptr != errmsg) {
+			if (W_ERROR_EQUAL(werr, WERR_INVALID_PASSWORD)) {
+				status = NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD;
+			}
+			if (W_ERROR_EQUAL(werr, WERR_PASSWORD_RESTRICTION)) {
+				status = NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_RESTRICTION;
+			}
+			if (W_ERROR_EQUAL(werr, WERR_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT)) {
+				status = NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT;
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		/* don't let the caller know if an account doesn't exist */
+		status = NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD;
+	} else if (ret == LDB_ERR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_RIGHTS) {
+		status = NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
+	} else if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1, ("Failed to set password on %s: %s\n",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_dn),
+			  ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		status = NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
+	}
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_set_password(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			    struct ldb_dn *user_dn, struct ldb_dn *domain_dn,
+			    const DATA_BLOB *new_password,
+			    const struct samr_Password *ntNewHash,
+			    enum dsdb_password_checked old_password_checked,
+			    enum samPwdChangeReason *reject_reason,
+			    struct samr_DomInfo1 **_dominfo)
+{
+	return samdb_set_password_internal(ldb, mem_ctx,
+			    user_dn, domain_dn,
+			    new_password,
+			    ntNewHash,
+			    old_password_checked,
+			    reject_reason, _dominfo,
+			    false); /* reject trusts */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets the user password using plaintext UTF16 (attribute "new_password") or
+ * LM (attribute "lmNewHash") or NT (attribute "ntNewHash") hash. Also pass
+ * the old LM and/or NT hash (attributes "lmOldHash"/"ntOldHash") if it is a
+ * user change or not. The "rejectReason" gives some more information if the
+ * change failed.
+ *
+ * This wrapper function for "samdb_set_password" takes a SID as input rather
+ * than a user DN.
+ *
+ * This call encapsulates a new LDB transaction for changing the password;
+ * therefore the user hasn't to start a new one.
+ *
+ * Results: NT_STATUS_OK, NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION,
+ *   NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER, NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL,
+ *   NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD, NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_RESTRICTION,
+ *   NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED, NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT, NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY
+ *   NT_STATUS_TRANSACTION_ABORTED, NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER
+ */
+NTSTATUS samdb_set_password_sid(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				const struct dom_sid *user_sid,
+				const uint32_t *new_version, /* optional for trusts */
+				const DATA_BLOB *new_password,
+				const struct samr_Password *ntNewHash,
+				enum dsdb_password_checked old_password_checked,
+				enum samPwdChangeReason *reject_reason,
+				struct samr_DomInfo1 **_dominfo)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *frame = talloc_stackframe();
+	NTSTATUS nt_status;
+	const char * const user_attrs[] = {
+		"userAccountControl",
+		"sAMAccountName",
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct ldb_message *user_msg = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	uint32_t uac = 0;
+
+	ret = ldb_transaction_start(ldb);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1, ("Failed to start transaction: %s\n", ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+		return NT_STATUS_TRANSACTION_ABORTED;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_one(ldb, frame, &user_msg, ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb),
+			      LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE, user_attrs, 0,
+			      "(&(objectSid=%s)(objectClass=user))",
+			      ldap_encode_ndr_dom_sid(frame, user_sid));
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+		DEBUG(3, ("samdb_set_password_sid: SID[%s] not found in samdb %s - %s, "
+			  "returning NO_SUCH_USER\n",
+			  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+			  ldb_strerror(ret), ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER;
+	}
+
+	uac = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(user_msg, "userAccountControl", 0);
+	if (!(uac & UF_ACCOUNT_TYPE_MASK)) {
+		ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+		DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: invalid "
+			  "userAccountControl[0x%08X] for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+			  "returning NO_SUCH_USER\n",
+			  (unsigned)uac, dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+		TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER;
+	}
+
+	if (uac & UF_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT) {
+		const char * const tdo_attrs[] = {
+			"trustAuthIncoming",
+			"trustDirection",
+			NULL
+		};
+		struct ldb_message *tdo_msg = NULL;
+		const char *account_name = NULL;
+		uint32_t trust_direction;
+		uint32_t i;
+		const struct ldb_val *old_val = NULL;
+		struct trustAuthInOutBlob old_blob = {
+			.count = 0,
+		};
+		uint32_t old_version = 0;
+		struct AuthenticationInformation *old_version_a = NULL;
+		uint32_t _new_version = 0;
+		struct trustAuthInOutBlob new_blob = {
+			.count = 0,
+		};
+		struct ldb_val new_val = {
+			.length = 0,
+		};
+		struct timeval tv = timeval_current();
+		NTTIME now = timeval_to_nttime(&tv);
+		enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+
+		if (new_password == NULL && ntNewHash == NULL) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "no new password provided "
+				  "sAMAccountName for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning INVALID_PARAMETER\n",
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+		}
+
+		if (new_password != NULL && ntNewHash != NULL) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "two new passwords provided "
+				  "sAMAccountName for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning INVALID_PARAMETER\n",
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+		}
+
+		if (new_password != NULL && (new_password->length % 2)) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(2, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "invalid utf16 length (%zu) "
+				  "sAMAccountName for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning WRONG_PASSWORD\n",
+				  new_password->length,
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD;
+		}
+
+		if (new_password != NULL && new_password->length >= 500) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(2, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "utf16 password too long (%zu) "
+				  "sAMAccountName for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning WRONG_PASSWORD\n",
+				  new_password->length,
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD;
+		}
+
+		account_name = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(user_msg,
+							"sAMAccountName", NULL);
+		if (account_name == NULL) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: missing "
+				  "sAMAccountName for SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning NO_SUCH_USER\n",
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_USER;
+		}
+
+		nt_status = dsdb_trust_search_tdo_by_type(ldb,
+							  SEC_CHAN_DOMAIN,
+							  account_name,
+							  tdo_attrs,
+							  frame, &tdo_msg);
+		if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(nt_status)) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: dsdb_trust_search_tdo "
+				  "failed(%s) for sAMAccountName[%s] SID[%s] DN[%s], "
+				  "returning INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION\n",
+				  nt_errstr(nt_status), account_name,
+				  dom_sid_string(frame, user_sid),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+		}
+
+		trust_direction = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int(tdo_msg,
+							   "trustDirection", 0);
+		if (!(trust_direction & LSA_TRUST_DIRECTION_INBOUND)) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: direction[0x%08X] is "
+				  "not inbound for sAMAccountName[%s] "
+				  "DN[%s] TDO[%s], "
+				  "returning INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION\n",
+				  (unsigned)trust_direction,
+				  account_name,
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(tdo_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+		}
+
+		old_val = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(tdo_msg, "trustAuthIncoming");
+		if (old_val != NULL) {
+			ndr_err = ndr_pull_struct_blob(old_val, frame, &old_blob,
+					(ndr_pull_flags_fn_t)ndr_pull_trustAuthInOutBlob);
+			if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+				ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+				DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+					  "failed(%s) to parse "
+					  "trustAuthOutgoing sAMAccountName[%s] "
+					  "DN[%s] TDO[%s], "
+					  "returning INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION\n",
+					  ndr_map_error2string(ndr_err),
+					  account_name,
+					  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn),
+					  ldb_dn_get_linearized(tdo_msg->dn)));
+
+				TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+				return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (i = old_blob.current.count; i > 0; i--) {
+			struct AuthenticationInformation *a =
+				&old_blob.current.array[i - 1];
+
+			switch (a->AuthType) {
+			case TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NONE:
+				if (i == old_blob.current.count) {
+					/*
+					 * remove TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NONE at the
+					 * end
+					 */
+					old_blob.current.count--;
+				}
+				break;
+
+			case TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_VERSION:
+				old_version_a = a;
+				old_version = a->AuthInfo.version.version;
+				break;
+
+			case TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_CLEAR:
+				break;
+
+			case TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NT4OWF:
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (new_version == NULL) {
+			_new_version = 0;
+			new_version = &_new_version;
+		}
+
+		if (old_version_a != NULL && *new_version != (old_version + 1)) {
+			old_version_a->LastUpdateTime = now;
+			old_version_a->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NONE;
+		}
+
+		new_blob.count = MAX(old_blob.current.count, 2);
+		new_blob.current.array = talloc_zero_array(frame,
+						struct AuthenticationInformation,
+						new_blob.count);
+		if (new_blob.current.array == NULL) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+		new_blob.previous.array = talloc_zero_array(frame,
+						struct AuthenticationInformation,
+						new_blob.count);
+		if (new_blob.current.array == NULL) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < old_blob.current.count; i++) {
+			struct AuthenticationInformation *o =
+				&old_blob.current.array[i];
+			struct AuthenticationInformation *p =
+				&new_blob.previous.array[i];
+
+			*p = *o;
+			new_blob.previous.count++;
+		}
+		for (; i < new_blob.count; i++) {
+			struct AuthenticationInformation *pi =
+				&new_blob.previous.array[i];
+
+			if (i == 0) {
+				/*
+				 * new_blob.previous is still empty so
+				 * we'll do new_blob.previous = new_blob.current
+				 * below.
+				 */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			pi->LastUpdateTime = now;
+			pi->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NONE;
+			new_blob.previous.count++;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < new_blob.count; i++) {
+			struct AuthenticationInformation *ci =
+				&new_blob.current.array[i];
+
+			ci->LastUpdateTime = now;
+			switch (i) {
+			case 0:
+				if (ntNewHash != NULL) {
+					ci->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NT4OWF;
+					ci->AuthInfo.nt4owf.password = *ntNewHash;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				ci->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_CLEAR;
+				ci->AuthInfo.clear.size = new_password->length;
+				ci->AuthInfo.clear.password = new_password->data;
+				break;
+			case 1:
+				ci->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_VERSION;
+				ci->AuthInfo.version.version = *new_version;
+				break;
+			default:
+				ci->AuthType = TRUST_AUTH_TYPE_NONE;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			new_blob.current.count++;
+		}
+
+		if (new_blob.previous.count == 0) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(new_blob.previous.array);
+			new_blob.previous = new_blob.current;
+		}
+
+		ndr_err = ndr_push_struct_blob(&new_val, frame, &new_blob,
+				(ndr_push_flags_fn_t)ndr_push_trustAuthInOutBlob);
+		if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "failed(%s) to generate "
+				  "trustAuthOutgoing sAMAccountName[%s] "
+				  "DN[%s] TDO[%s], "
+				  "returning UNSUCCESSFUL\n",
+				  ndr_map_error2string(ndr_err),
+				  account_name,
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(tdo_msg->dn)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
+		}
+
+		tdo_msg->num_elements = 0;
+		TALLOC_FREE(tdo_msg->elements);
+
+		ret = ldb_msg_append_value(tdo_msg, "trustAuthIncoming",
+					   &new_val, LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+
+		ret = ldb_modify(ldb, tdo_msg);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			nt_status = dsdb_ldb_err_to_ntstatus(ret);
+			ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+			DEBUG(1, ("samdb_set_password_sid: "
+				  "failed to replace "
+				  "trustAuthOutgoing sAMAccountName[%s] "
+				  "DN[%s] TDO[%s], "
+				  "%s - %s\n",
+				  account_name,
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn),
+				  ldb_dn_get_linearized(tdo_msg->dn),
+				  nt_errstr(nt_status), ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+			return nt_status;
+		}
+	}
+
+	nt_status = samdb_set_password_internal(ldb, mem_ctx,
+						user_msg->dn, NULL,
+						new_password,
+						ntNewHash,
+						old_password_checked,
+						reject_reason, _dominfo,
+						true); /* permit trusts */
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(nt_status)) {
+		ldb_transaction_cancel(ldb);
+		TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+		return nt_status;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_transaction_commit(ldb);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0,("Failed to commit transaction to change password on %s: %s\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn),
+			 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+		return NT_STATUS_TRANSACTION_ABORTED;
+	}
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(frame);
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+
+NTSTATUS samdb_create_foreign_security_principal(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+						 struct dom_sid *sid, struct ldb_dn **ret_dn)
+{
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	struct ldb_dn *basedn = NULL;
+	char *sidstr;
+	int ret;
+
+	sidstr = dom_sid_string(mem_ctx, sid);
+	NT_STATUS_HAVE_NO_MEMORY(sidstr);
+
+	/* We might have to create a ForeignSecurityPrincipal, even if this user
+	 * is in our own domain */
+
+	msg = ldb_msg_new(sidstr);
+	if (msg == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(sidstr);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_wellknown_dn(sam_ctx, sidstr,
+				ldb_get_default_basedn(sam_ctx),
+				DS_GUID_FOREIGNSECURITYPRINCIPALS_CONTAINER,
+				&basedn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0, ("Failed to find DN for "
+			  "ForeignSecurityPrincipal container - %s\n", ldb_errstring(sam_ctx)));
+		talloc_free(sidstr);
+		return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+	}
+
+	/* add core elements to the ldb_message for the alias */
+	msg->dn = basedn;
+	if ( ! ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(msg->dn, "CN=%s", sidstr)) {
+		talloc_free(sidstr);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_string(msg, "objectClass",
+				 "foreignSecurityPrincipal");
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(sidstr);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	/* create the alias */
+	ret = ldb_add(sam_ctx, msg);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0,("Failed to create foreignSecurityPrincipal "
+			 "record %s: %s\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(msg->dn),
+			 ldb_errstring(sam_ctx)));
+		talloc_free(sidstr);
+		return NT_STATUS_INTERNAL_DB_CORRUPTION;
+	}
+
+	*ret_dn = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, msg->dn);
+	talloc_free(sidstr);
+
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Find the DN of a domain, assuming it to be a dotted.dns name
+*/
+
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_dns_domain_to_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const char *dns_domain)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	const char *binary_encoded;
+	const char * const *split_realm;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+
+	if (!tmp_ctx) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	split_realm = (const char * const *)str_list_make(tmp_ctx, dns_domain, ".");
+	if (!split_realm) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	dn = ldb_dn_new(mem_ctx, ldb, NULL);
+	for (i=0; split_realm[i]; i++) {
+		binary_encoded = ldb_binary_encode_string(tmp_ctx, split_realm[i]);
+		if (!ldb_dn_add_base_fmt(dn, "dc=%s", binary_encoded)) {
+			DEBUG(2, ("Failed to add dc=%s element to DN %s\n",
+				  binary_encoded, ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!ldb_dn_validate(dn)) {
+		DEBUG(2, ("Failed to validated DN %s\n",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return dn;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Find the DNS equivalent of a DN, in dotted DNS form
+*/
+char *samdb_dn_to_dns_domain(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *dn)
+{
+	int i, num_components = ldb_dn_get_comp_num(dn);
+	char *dns_name = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, "");
+	if (dns_name == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<num_components; i++) {
+		const struct ldb_val *v = ldb_dn_get_component_val(dn, i);
+		char *s;
+		if (v == NULL) {
+			talloc_free(dns_name);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		s = talloc_asprintf_append_buffer(dns_name, "%*.*s.",
+						  (int)v->length, (int)v->length, (char *)v->data);
+		if (s == NULL) {
+			talloc_free(dns_name);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		dns_name = s;
+	}
+
+	/* remove the last '.' */
+	if (dns_name[0] != 0) {
+		dns_name[strlen(dns_name)-1] = 0;
+	}
+
+	return dns_name;
+}
+
+/*
+  Find the DNS _msdcs name for a given NTDS GUID. The resulting DNS
+  name is based on the forest DNS name
+*/
+char *samdb_ntds_msdcs_dns_name(struct ldb_context *samdb,
+				TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				const struct GUID *ntds_guid)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	const char *guid_str;
+	struct ldb_dn *forest_dn;
+	const char *dnsforest;
+	char *ret;
+
+	guid_str = GUID_string(tmp_ctx, ntds_guid);
+	if (guid_str == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	forest_dn = ldb_get_root_basedn(samdb);
+	if (forest_dn == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	dnsforest = samdb_dn_to_dns_domain(tmp_ctx, forest_dn);
+	if (dnsforest == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	ret = talloc_asprintf(mem_ctx, "%s._msdcs.%s", guid_str, dnsforest);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  Find the DN of a domain, be it the netbios or DNS name
+*/
+struct ldb_dn *samdb_domain_to_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				  const char *domain_name)
+{
+	const char * const domain_ref_attrs[] = {
+		"ncName", NULL
+	};
+	const char * const domain_ref2_attrs[] = {
+		NULL
+	};
+	struct ldb_result *res_domain_ref;
+	char *escaped_domain = ldb_binary_encode_string(mem_ctx, domain_name);
+	/* find the domain's DN */
+	int ret_domain = ldb_search(ldb, mem_ctx,
+					    &res_domain_ref,
+					    samdb_partitions_dn(ldb, mem_ctx),
+					    LDB_SCOPE_ONELEVEL,
+					    domain_ref_attrs,
+					    "(&(nETBIOSName=%s)(objectclass=crossRef))",
+					    escaped_domain);
+	if (ret_domain != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (res_domain_ref->count == 0) {
+		ret_domain = ldb_search(ldb, mem_ctx,
+						&res_domain_ref,
+						samdb_dns_domain_to_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, domain_name),
+						LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+						domain_ref2_attrs,
+						"(objectclass=domain)");
+		if (ret_domain != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (res_domain_ref->count == 1) {
+			return res_domain_ref->msgs[0]->dn;
+		}
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (res_domain_ref->count > 1) {
+		DEBUG(0,("Found %d records matching domain [%s]\n",
+			 ret_domain, domain_name));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return samdb_result_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, res_domain_ref->msgs[0], "nCName", NULL);
+
+}
+
+
+/*
+  use a GUID to find a DN
+ */
+int dsdb_find_dn_by_guid(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			 TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			 const struct GUID *guid,
+			 uint32_t dsdb_flags,
+			 struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	const char *attrs[] = { NULL };
+	char *guid_str = GUID_string(mem_ctx, guid);
+
+	if (!guid_str) {
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search(ldb, mem_ctx, &res, NULL, LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE, attrs,
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_SEARCH_ALL_PARTITIONS |
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_EXTENDED_DN |
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY | dsdb_flags,
+			  "objectGUID=%s", guid_str);
+	talloc_free(guid_str);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	*dn = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]->dn);
+	talloc_free(res);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  use a DN to find a GUID with a given attribute name
+ */
+int dsdb_find_guid_attr_by_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			      struct ldb_dn *dn, const char *attribute,
+			      struct GUID *guid)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	const char *attrs[2];
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+
+	attrs[0] = attribute;
+	attrs[1] = NULL;
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, dn, attrs,
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED |
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	/* satisfy clang */
+	if (res == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	if (res->count < 1) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+	}
+	*guid = samdb_result_guid(res->msgs[0], attribute);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  use a DN to find a GUID
+ */
+int dsdb_find_guid_by_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			 struct ldb_dn *dn, struct GUID *guid)
+{
+	return dsdb_find_guid_attr_by_dn(ldb, dn, "objectGUID", guid);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ adds the given GUID to the given ldb_message. This value is added
+ for the given attr_name (may be either "objectGUID" or "parentGUID").
+ This function is used in processing 'add' requests.
+ */
+int dsdb_msg_add_guid(struct ldb_message *msg,
+		struct GUID *guid,
+		const char *attr_name)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_val v;
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx =  talloc_init("dsdb_msg_add_guid");
+
+	status = GUID_to_ndr_blob(guid, tmp_ctx, &v);
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		ret = LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_steal_value(msg, attr_name, &v);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(4,(__location__ ": Failed to add %s to the message\n",
+					 attr_name));
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	ret = LDB_SUCCESS;
+
+done:
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ret;
+
+}
+
+
+/*
+  use a DN to find a SID
+ */
+int dsdb_find_sid_by_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			struct ldb_dn *dn, struct dom_sid *sid)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	const char *attrs[] = { "objectSid", NULL };
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	struct dom_sid *s;
+
+	ZERO_STRUCTP(sid);
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, dn, attrs,
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED |
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	if (res == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	if (res->count < 1) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+	}
+	s = samdb_result_dom_sid(tmp_ctx, res->msgs[0], "objectSid");
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+	}
+	*sid = *s;
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  use a SID to find a DN
+ */
+int dsdb_find_dn_by_sid(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			struct dom_sid *sid, struct ldb_dn **dn)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	const char *attrs[] = { NULL };
+	char *sid_str = ldap_encode_ndr_dom_sid(mem_ctx, sid);
+
+	if (!sid_str) {
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search(ldb, mem_ctx, &res, NULL, LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE, attrs,
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_SEARCH_ALL_PARTITIONS |
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_EXTENDED_DN |
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY,
+			  "objectSid=%s", sid_str);
+	talloc_free(sid_str);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	*dn = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]->dn);
+	talloc_free(res);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  load a repsFromTo blob list for a given partition GUID
+  attr must be "repsFrom" or "repsTo"
+ */
+WERROR dsdb_loadreps(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *dn,
+		     const char *attr, struct repsFromToBlob **r, uint32_t *count)
+{
+	const char *attrs[] = { attr, NULL };
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	unsigned int i;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	int ret;
+
+	*r = NULL;
+	*count = 0;
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(sam_ctx, tmp_ctx, &res, dn, attrs, 0);
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		/* partition hasn't been replicated yet */
+		return WERR_OK;
+	}
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0,("dsdb_loadreps: failed to read partition object: %s\n", ldb_errstring(sam_ctx)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	/* satisfy clang */
+	if (res == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+	}
+	el = ldb_msg_find_element(res->msgs[0], attr);
+	if (el == NULL) {
+		/* it's OK to be empty */
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return WERR_OK;
+	}
+
+	*count = el->num_values;
+	*r = talloc_array(mem_ctx, struct repsFromToBlob, *count);
+	if (*r == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<(*count); i++) {
+		enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+		ndr_err = ndr_pull_struct_blob(&el->values[i],
+					       mem_ctx,
+					       &(*r)[i],
+					       (ndr_pull_flags_fn_t)ndr_pull_repsFromToBlob);
+		if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return WERR_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+  save the repsFromTo blob list for a given partition GUID
+  attr must be "repsFrom" or "repsTo"
+ */
+WERROR dsdb_savereps(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *dn,
+		     const char *attr, struct repsFromToBlob *r, uint32_t count)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	msg = ldb_msg_new(tmp_ctx);
+	msg->dn = dn;
+	if (ldb_msg_add_empty(msg, attr, LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE, &el) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	el->values = talloc_array(msg, struct ldb_val, count);
+	if (!el->values) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<count; i++) {
+		struct ldb_val v;
+		enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+
+		ndr_err = ndr_push_struct_blob(&v, tmp_ctx,
+					       &r[i],
+					       (ndr_push_flags_fn_t)ndr_push_repsFromToBlob);
+		if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+			goto failed;
+		}
+
+		el->num_values++;
+		el->values[i] = v;
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_modify(sam_ctx, msg, 0) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0,("Failed to store %s - %s\n", attr, ldb_errstring(sam_ctx)));
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return WERR_OK;
+
+failed:
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  load the uSNHighest and the uSNUrgent attributes from the @REPLCHANGED
+  object for a partition
+ */
+int dsdb_load_partition_usn(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *dn,
+				uint64_t *uSN, uint64_t *urgent_uSN)
+{
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	int ret;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	struct dsdb_control_current_partition *p_ctrl;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+
+	res = talloc_zero(tmp_ctx, struct ldb_result);
+	if (!res) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_build_search_req(&req, ldb, tmp_ctx,
+				   ldb_dn_new(tmp_ctx, ldb, "@REPLCHANGED"),
+				   LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+				   NULL, NULL,
+				   NULL,
+				   res, ldb_search_default_callback,
+				   NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	p_ctrl = talloc(req, struct dsdb_control_current_partition);
+	if (p_ctrl == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+	p_ctrl->version = DSDB_CONTROL_CURRENT_PARTITION_VERSION;
+	p_ctrl->dn = dn;
+
+	ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+				      DSDB_CONTROL_CURRENT_PARTITION_OID,
+				      false, p_ctrl);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Run the new request */
+	ret = ldb_request(ldb, req);
+
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT || ret == LDB_ERR_INVALID_DN_SYNTAX) {
+		/* it hasn't been created yet, which means
+		   an implicit value of zero */
+		*uSN = 0;
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count < 1) {
+		*uSN = 0;
+		if (urgent_uSN) {
+			*urgent_uSN = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		*uSN = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(res->msgs[0], "uSNHighest", 0);
+		if (urgent_uSN) {
+			*urgent_uSN = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint64(res->msgs[0], "uSNUrgent", 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2_compare(const struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2 *c1,
+						   const struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2 *c2)
+{
+	return GUID_compare(&c1->source_dsa_invocation_id, &c2->source_dsa_invocation_id);
+}
+
+int drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor_compare(const struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor *c1,
+				    const struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor *c2)
+{
+	return GUID_compare(&c1->source_dsa_invocation_id, &c2->source_dsa_invocation_id);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the NTDS object for a GUID, confirming it is in the
+ * configuration partition and a nTDSDSA object
+ */
+int samdb_get_ntds_obj_by_guid(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			       struct ldb_context *sam_ctx,
+			       const struct GUID *objectGUID,
+			       const char **attrs,
+			       struct ldb_message **msg)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	struct GUID_txt_buf guid_buf;
+	char *guid_str = GUID_buf_string(objectGUID, &guid_buf);
+	struct ldb_dn *config_dn = NULL;
+
+	config_dn = ldb_get_config_basedn(sam_ctx);
+	if (config_dn == NULL) {
+		return ldb_operr(sam_ctx);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search(sam_ctx,
+			  mem_ctx,
+			  &res,
+			  config_dn,
+			  LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE,
+			  attrs,
+			  DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY,
+			  "(&(objectGUID=%s)(objectClass=nTDSDSA))",
+			  guid_str);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+	if (msg) {
+		*msg = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]);
+	}
+	TALLOC_FREE(res);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  see if a computer identified by its objectGUID is a RODC
+*/
+int samdb_is_rodc(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, const struct GUID *objectGUID, bool *is_rodc)
+{
+	/* 1) find the DN for this servers NTDSDSA object
+	   2) search for the msDS-isRODC attribute
+	   3) if not present then not a RODC
+	   4) if present and TRUE then is a RODC
+	*/
+	const char *attrs[] = { "msDS-isRODC", NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(sam_ctx);
+
+	ret = samdb_get_ntds_obj_by_guid(tmp_ctx,
+					 sam_ctx,
+					 objectGUID,
+					 attrs, &msg);
+
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		*is_rodc = false;
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1,(("Failed to find our own NTDS Settings object by objectGUID=%s!\n"),
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, objectGUID)));
+		*is_rodc = false;
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_bool(msg, "msDS-isRODC", 0);
+	*is_rodc = (ret == 1);
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  see if we are a RODC
+*/
+int samdb_rodc(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, bool *am_rodc)
+{
+	const struct GUID *objectGUID;
+	int ret;
+	bool *cached;
+
+	/* see if we have a cached copy */
+	cached = (bool *)ldb_get_opaque(sam_ctx, "cache.am_rodc");
+	if (cached) {
+		*am_rodc = *cached;
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	objectGUID = samdb_ntds_objectGUID(sam_ctx);
+	if (!objectGUID) {
+		return ldb_operr(sam_ctx);
+	}
+
+	ret = samdb_is_rodc(sam_ctx, objectGUID, am_rodc);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	cached = talloc(sam_ctx, bool);
+	if (cached == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(sam_ctx);
+	}
+	*cached = *am_rodc;
+
+	ret = ldb_set_opaque(sam_ctx, "cache.am_rodc", cached);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(cached);
+		return ldb_operr(sam_ctx);
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+int samdb_dns_host_name(struct ldb_context *sam_ctx, const char **host_name)
+{
+	const char *_host_name = NULL;
+	const char *attrs[] = { "dnsHostName", NULL };
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+
+	_host_name = (const char *)ldb_get_opaque(sam_ctx, "cache.dns_host_name");
+	if (_host_name != NULL) {
+		*host_name = _host_name;
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(sam_ctx);
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(sam_ctx, tmp_ctx, &res, NULL, attrs, 0);
+
+	if (res == NULL || res->count != 1 || ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(0, ("Failed to get rootDSE for dnsHostName: %s",
+			  ldb_errstring(sam_ctx)));
+		TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	_host_name = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res->msgs[0],
+						 "dnsHostName",
+						 NULL);
+	if (_host_name == NULL) {
+		DEBUG(0, ("Failed to get dnsHostName from rootDSE"));
+		TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	ret = ldb_set_opaque(sam_ctx, "cache.dns_host_name",
+			     discard_const_p(char *, _host_name));
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(sam_ctx);
+	}
+
+	*host_name = talloc_steal(sam_ctx, _host_name);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool samdb_set_am_rodc(struct ldb_context *ldb, bool am_rodc)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	bool *cached;
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	cached = talloc(tmp_ctx, bool);
+	if (!cached) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	*cached = am_rodc;
+	if (ldb_set_opaque(ldb, "cache.am_rodc", cached) != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	talloc_steal(ldb, cached);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return true;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to set our own cached am_rodc in the ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * return NTDSSiteSettings options. See MS-ADTS 7.1.1.2.2.1.1
+ * flags are DS_NTDSSETTINGS_OPT_*
+ */
+int samdb_ntds_site_settings_options(struct ldb_context *ldb_ctx,
+					uint32_t *options)
+{
+	int rc;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	struct ldb_dn *site_dn;
+	const char *attrs[] = { "options", NULL };
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb_ctx);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL)
+		goto failed;
+
+        /* Retrieve the site dn for the ldb that we
+	 * have open.  This is our local site.
+         */
+        site_dn = samdb_server_site_dn(ldb_ctx, tmp_ctx);
+	if (site_dn == NULL)
+		goto failed;
+
+	/* Perform a one level (child) search from the local
+         * site distinguided name.   We're looking for the
+         * "options" attribute within the nTDSSiteSettings
+         * object
+	 */
+	rc = ldb_search(ldb_ctx, tmp_ctx, &res, site_dn,
+			LDB_SCOPE_ONELEVEL, attrs,
+                        "objectClass=nTDSSiteSettings");
+
+        if (rc != LDB_SUCCESS || res->count != 1)
+		goto failed;
+
+	*options = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(res->msgs[0], "options", 0);
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to find our NTDS Site Settings options in ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ldb_error(ldb_ctx, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+}
+
+/*
+  return NTDS options flags. See MS-ADTS 7.1.1.2.2.1.2.1.1
+
+  flags are DS_NTDS_OPTION_*
+*/
+int samdb_ntds_options(struct ldb_context *ldb, uint32_t *options)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	const char *attrs[] = { "options", NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, samdb_ntds_settings_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	*options = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(res->msgs[0], "options", 0);
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to find our own NTDS Settings options in the ldb!\n"));
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+}
+
+const char* samdb_ntds_object_category(TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx, struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	const char *attrs[] = { "objectCategory", NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+
+	ret = ldb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, samdb_ntds_settings_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (res->count != 1) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res->msgs[0], "objectCategory", NULL);
+
+failed:
+	DEBUG(1,("Failed to find our own NTDS Settings objectCategory in the ldb!\n"));
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function which generates a "lDAPDisplayName" attribute from a "CN" one.
+ * Algorithm implemented according to MS-ADTS 3.1.1.2.3.4
+ */
+const char *samdb_cn_to_lDAPDisplayName(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, const char *cn)
+{
+	char **tokens, *ret;
+	size_t i;
+
+	tokens = str_list_make(mem_ctx, cn, " -_");
+	if (tokens == NULL || tokens[0] == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* "tolower()" and "toupper()" should also work properly on 0x00 */
+	tokens[0][0] = tolower(tokens[0][0]);
+	for (i = 1; tokens[i] != NULL; i++)
+		tokens[i][0] = toupper(tokens[i][0]);
+
+	ret = talloc_strdup(mem_ctx, tokens[0]);
+	for (i = 1; tokens[i] != NULL; i++)
+		ret = talloc_asprintf_append_buffer(ret, "%s", tokens[i]);
+
+	talloc_free(tokens);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This detects and returns the domain functional level (DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_*)
+ */
+int dsdb_functional_level(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	int *domainFunctionality =
+		talloc_get_type(ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "domainFunctionality"), int);
+	if (!domainFunctionality) {
+		/* this is expected during initial provision */
+		DEBUG(4,(__location__ ": WARNING: domainFunctionality not setup\n"));
+		return DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_2000;
+	}
+	return *domainFunctionality;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This detects and returns the forest functional level (DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_*)
+ */
+int dsdb_forest_functional_level(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	int *forestFunctionality =
+		talloc_get_type(ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "forestFunctionality"), int);
+	if (!forestFunctionality) {
+		DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": WARNING: forestFunctionality not setup\n"));
+		return DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_2000;
+	}
+	return *forestFunctionality;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This detects and returns the DC functional level (DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_*)
+ */
+int dsdb_dc_functional_level(struct ldb_context *ldb)
+{
+	int *dcFunctionality =
+		talloc_get_type(ldb_get_opaque(ldb, "domainFunctionality"), int);
+	if (!dcFunctionality) {
+		/* this is expected during initial provision */
+		DEBUG(4,(__location__ ": WARNING: domainControllerFunctionality not setup\n"));
+		return DS_DOMAIN_FUNCTION_2008_R2;
+	}
+	return *dcFunctionality;
+}
+
+/*
+  set a GUID in an extended DN structure
+ */
+int dsdb_set_extended_dn_guid(struct ldb_dn *dn, const struct GUID *guid, const char *component_name)
+{
+	struct ldb_val v;
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	int ret;
+
+	status = GUID_to_ndr_blob(guid, dn, &v);
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		return LDB_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_dn_set_extended_component(dn, component_name, &v);
+	data_blob_free(&v);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  return a GUID from a extended DN structure
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_get_extended_dn_guid(struct ldb_dn *dn, struct GUID *guid, const char *component_name)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *v;
+
+	v = ldb_dn_get_extended_component(dn, component_name);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return GUID_from_ndr_blob(v, guid);
+}
+
+/*
+  return a uint64_t from a extended DN structure
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_get_extended_dn_uint64(struct ldb_dn *dn, uint64_t *val, const char *component_name)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *v;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	v = ldb_dn_get_extended_component(dn, component_name);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	/* Just check we don't allow the caller to fill our stack */
+	if (v->length >= 64) {
+		return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+	} else {
+		char s[v->length+1];
+		memcpy(s, v->data, v->length);
+		s[v->length] = 0;
+
+		*val = smb_strtoull(s, NULL, 0, &error, SMB_STR_STANDARD);
+		if (error != 0) {
+			return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+		}
+	}
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+  return a NTTIME from a extended DN structure
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_get_extended_dn_nttime(struct ldb_dn *dn, NTTIME *nttime, const char *component_name)
+{
+	return dsdb_get_extended_dn_uint64(dn, nttime, component_name);
+}
+
+/*
+  return a uint32_t from a extended DN structure
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_get_extended_dn_uint32(struct ldb_dn *dn, uint32_t *val, const char *component_name)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *v;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	v = ldb_dn_get_extended_component(dn, component_name);
+	if (v == NULL) {
+		return NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	/* Just check we don't allow the caller to fill our stack */
+	if (v->length >= 32) {
+		return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+	} else {
+		char s[v->length + 1];
+		memcpy(s, v->data, v->length);
+		s[v->length] = 0;
+		*val = smb_strtoul(s, NULL, 0, &error, SMB_STR_STANDARD);
+		if (error != 0) {
+			return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+  return a dom_sid from a extended DN structure
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_get_extended_dn_sid(struct ldb_dn *dn, struct dom_sid *sid, const char *component_name)
+{
+	const struct ldb_val *sid_blob;
+	enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+
+	sid_blob = ldb_dn_get_extended_component(dn, component_name);
+	if (!sid_blob) {
+		return NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	ndr_err = ndr_pull_struct_blob_all_noalloc(sid_blob, sid,
+						   (ndr_pull_flags_fn_t)ndr_pull_dom_sid);
+	if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+		NTSTATUS status = ndr_map_error2ntstatus(ndr_err);
+		return status;
+	}
+
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  return RMD_FLAGS directly from a ldb_dn
+  returns 0 if not found
+ */
+uint32_t dsdb_dn_rmd_flags(struct ldb_dn *dn)
+{
+	uint32_t rmd_flags = 0;
+	NTSTATUS status = dsdb_get_extended_dn_uint32(dn, &rmd_flags,
+						      "RMD_FLAGS");
+	if (NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		return rmd_flags;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+  return RMD_FLAGS directly from a ldb_val for a DN
+  returns 0 if RMD_FLAGS is not found
+ */
+uint32_t dsdb_dn_val_rmd_flags(const struct ldb_val *val)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	uint32_t flags;
+	char *end;
+	int error = 0;
+
+	if (val->length < 13) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	p = memmem(val->data, val->length, "<RMD_FLAGS=", 11);
+	if (!p) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	flags = smb_strtoul(p+11, &end, 10, &error, SMB_STR_STANDARD);
+	if (!end || *end != '>' || error != 0) {
+		/* it must end in a > */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return flags;
+}
+
+/*
+  return true if a ldb_val containing a DN in storage form is deleted
+ */
+bool dsdb_dn_is_deleted_val(const struct ldb_val *val)
+{
+	return (dsdb_dn_val_rmd_flags(val) & DSDB_RMD_FLAG_DELETED) != 0;
+}
+
+/*
+  return true if a ldb_val containing a DN in storage form is
+  in the upgraded w2k3 linked attribute format
+ */
+bool dsdb_dn_is_upgraded_link_val(const struct ldb_val *val)
+{
+	return memmem(val->data, val->length, "<RMD_VERSION=", 13) != NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+  return a DN for a wellknown GUID
+ */
+int dsdb_wellknown_dn(struct ldb_context *samdb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		      struct ldb_dn *nc_root, const char *wk_guid,
+		      struct ldb_dn **wkguid_dn)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	const char *attrs[] = { NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+
+	/* construct the magic WKGUID DN */
+	dn = ldb_dn_new_fmt(tmp_ctx, samdb, "<WKGUID=%s,%s>",
+			    wk_guid, ldb_dn_get_linearized(nc_root));
+	if (!wkguid_dn) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(samdb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(samdb, tmp_ctx, &res, dn, attrs,
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED |
+			     DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	/* fix clang warning */
+	if (res == NULL){
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+
+	(*wkguid_dn) = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]->dn);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int dsdb_dn_compare_ptrs(struct ldb_dn **dn1, struct ldb_dn **dn2)
+{
+	return ldb_dn_compare(*dn1, *dn2);
+}
+
+/*
+  find a NC root given a DN within the NC by reading the rootDSE namingContexts
+ */
+static int dsdb_find_nc_root_string_based(struct ldb_context *samdb,
+					  TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+					  struct ldb_dn *dn,
+					  struct ldb_dn **nc_root)
+{
+	const char *root_attrs[] = { "namingContexts", NULL };
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_message_element *el;
+	struct ldb_result *root_res;
+	unsigned int i;
+	struct ldb_dn **nc_dns;
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(samdb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(samdb);
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_search(samdb, tmp_ctx, &root_res,
+			 ldb_dn_new(tmp_ctx, samdb, ""), LDB_SCOPE_BASE, root_attrs, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS || root_res->count == 0) {
+		DEBUG(1,("Searching for namingContexts in rootDSE failed: %s\n", ldb_errstring(samdb)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	el = ldb_msg_find_element(root_res->msgs[0], "namingContexts");
+	if ((el == NULL) || (el->num_values < 3)) {
+		struct ldb_message *tmp_msg;
+
+		DEBUG(5,("dsdb_find_nc_root: Finding a valid 'namingContexts' element in the RootDSE failed. Using a temporary list.\n"));
+
+		/* This generates a temporary list of NCs in order to let the
+		 * provisioning work. */
+		tmp_msg = ldb_msg_new(tmp_ctx);
+		if (tmp_msg == NULL) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ldb_oom(samdb);
+		}
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_steal_string(tmp_msg, "namingContexts",
+					       ldb_dn_alloc_linearized(tmp_msg, ldb_get_schema_basedn(samdb)));
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_steal_string(tmp_msg, "namingContexts",
+					       ldb_dn_alloc_linearized(tmp_msg, ldb_get_config_basedn(samdb)));
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		ret = ldb_msg_add_steal_string(tmp_msg, "namingContexts",
+					       ldb_dn_alloc_linearized(tmp_msg, ldb_get_default_basedn(samdb)));
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		el = &tmp_msg->elements[0];
+	}
+
+       nc_dns = talloc_array(tmp_ctx, struct ldb_dn *, el->num_values);
+       if (!nc_dns) {
+	       talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	       return ldb_oom(samdb);
+       }
+
+       for (i=0; i<el->num_values; i++) {
+	       nc_dns[i] = ldb_dn_from_ldb_val(nc_dns, samdb, &el->values[i]);
+	       if (nc_dns[i] == NULL) {
+		       talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		       return ldb_operr(samdb);
+	       }
+       }
+
+       TYPESAFE_QSORT(nc_dns, el->num_values, dsdb_dn_compare_ptrs);
+
+       for (i=0; i<el->num_values; i++) {
+               if (ldb_dn_compare_base(nc_dns[i], dn) == 0) {
+		       (*nc_root) = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, nc_dns[i]);
+                       talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+                       return LDB_SUCCESS;
+               }
+       }
+
+       talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+       return ldb_error(samdb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+}
+
+struct dsdb_get_partition_and_dn {
+	TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx;
+	unsigned int count;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	struct ldb_dn *partition_dn;
+	bool want_partition_dn;
+};
+
+static int dsdb_get_partition_and_dn(struct ldb_request *req,
+				     struct ldb_reply *ares)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct dsdb_get_partition_and_dn *context = req->context;
+	struct ldb_control *partition_ctrl = NULL;
+	struct dsdb_control_current_partition *partition = NULL;
+
+	if (!ares) {
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (ares->error != LDB_SUCCESS
+	    && ares->error != LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		return ldb_request_done(req, ares->error);
+	}
+
+	switch (ares->type) {
+	case LDB_REPLY_ENTRY:
+		if (context->count != 0) {
+			return ldb_request_done(req,
+						LDB_ERR_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION);
+		}
+		context->count++;
+
+		context->dn = talloc_steal(context->mem_ctx,
+					   ares->message->dn);
+		break;
+
+	case LDB_REPLY_REFERRAL:
+		talloc_free(ares);
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_SUCCESS);
+
+	case LDB_REPLY_DONE:
+		partition_ctrl
+			= ldb_reply_get_control(ares,
+						DSDB_CONTROL_CURRENT_PARTITION_OID);
+		if (!context->want_partition_dn ||
+			partition_ctrl == NULL) {
+			ret = ares->error;
+			talloc_free(ares);
+
+			return ldb_request_done(req, ret);
+		}
+
+		partition
+			= talloc_get_type_abort(partition_ctrl->data,
+						struct dsdb_control_current_partition);
+		context->partition_dn
+			= ldb_dn_copy(context->mem_ctx, partition->dn);
+		if (context->partition_dn == NULL) {
+			return ldb_request_done(req,
+						LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		ret = ares->error;
+		talloc_free(ares);
+
+		return ldb_request_done(req, ret);
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(ares);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  find a NC root given a DN within the NC
+ */
+int dsdb_normalise_dn_and_find_nc_root(struct ldb_context *samdb,
+				       TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				       struct ldb_dn *dn,
+				       struct ldb_dn **normalised_dn,
+				       struct ldb_dn **nc_root)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	struct ldb_dn *search_dn = dn;
+	static const char * attrs[] = { NULL };
+	bool has_extended = ldb_dn_has_extended(dn);
+	bool has_normal_components = ldb_dn_get_comp_num(dn) >= 1;
+	struct dsdb_get_partition_and_dn context = {
+		.mem_ctx = mem_ctx,
+		.want_partition_dn = nc_root != NULL
+	};
+
+	if (!has_extended && !has_normal_components) {
+		return ldb_error(samdb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT,
+				 "Request for NC root for rootDSE (\"\") deined.");
+	}
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(samdb);
+	if (tmp_ctx == NULL) {
+		return ldb_oom(samdb);
+	}
+
+	res = talloc_zero(tmp_ctx, struct ldb_result);
+	if (res == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(samdb);
+	}
+
+	if (has_extended && has_normal_components) {
+		bool minimise_ok;
+		search_dn = ldb_dn_copy(tmp_ctx, dn);
+		if (search_dn == NULL) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ldb_oom(samdb);
+		}
+		minimise_ok = ldb_dn_minimise(search_dn);
+		if (!minimise_ok) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ldb_operr(samdb);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_build_search_req(&req, samdb, tmp_ctx,
+				   search_dn,
+				   LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+				   NULL,
+				   attrs,
+				   NULL,
+				   &context,
+				   dsdb_get_partition_and_dn,
+				   NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+				      DSDB_CONTROL_CURRENT_PARTITION_OID,
+				      false, NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req,
+					DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED|
+					DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED|
+					DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DN_IN_STORAGE_FORMAT);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request(samdb, req);
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This could be a new DN, not in the DB, which is OK.  If we
+	 * don't need the normalised DN, we can continue.
+	 *
+	 * We may be told the partition it would be in in the search
+	 * reply control, or if not we can do a string-based match.
+	 */
+
+	if (ret == LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT) {
+		if (normalised_dn != NULL) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ret;
+		}
+		ret = LDB_SUCCESS;
+		ldb_reset_err_string(samdb);
+	} else if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (normalised_dn != NULL) {
+		if (context.count != 1) {
+			/* No results */
+			ldb_asprintf_errstring(samdb,
+					       "Request for NC root for %s failed to return any results.",
+					       ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn));
+			return LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT;
+		}
+		*normalised_dn = context.dn;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the user did not need to find the nc_root,
+	 * we are done
+	 */
+	if (nc_root == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * When we are working locally, both for the case were
+	 * we find the DN, and the case where we fail, we get
+	 * back via controls the partition it was in or should
+	 * have been in, to return to the client
+	 */
+	if (context.partition_dn != NULL) {
+		(*nc_root) = context.partition_dn;
+
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This is a remote operation, which is a little harder as we
+	 * have a work out the nc_root from the list of NCs. If we did
+	 * at least resolve the DN to a string, get that now, it makes
+	 * the string-based match below possible for a GUID-based
+	 * input over remote LDAP.
+	 */
+	if (context.dn) {
+		dn = context.dn;
+	} else if (has_extended && !has_normal_components) {
+		ldb_asprintf_errstring(samdb,
+				       "Cannot determine NC root "
+				       "for a not-found bare extended DN %s.",
+				       ldb_dn_get_extended_linearized(tmp_ctx, dn, 1));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Either we are working aginast a remote LDAP
+	 * server or the object doesn't exist locally.
+	 *
+	 * This means any GUID that was present in the DN
+	 * therefore could not be evaluated, so do a
+	 * string-based match instead.
+	 */
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return dsdb_find_nc_root_string_based(samdb,
+					      mem_ctx,
+					      dn,
+					      nc_root);
+}
+
+/*
+  find a NC root given a DN within the NC
+ */
+int dsdb_find_nc_root(struct ldb_context *samdb,
+		      TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		      struct ldb_dn *dn,
+		      struct ldb_dn **nc_root)
+{
+	return dsdb_normalise_dn_and_find_nc_root(samdb,
+						  mem_ctx,
+						  dn,
+						  NULL,
+						  nc_root);
+}
+
+/*
+  find the deleted objects DN for any object, by looking for the NC
+  root, then looking up the wellknown GUID
+ */
+int dsdb_get_deleted_objects_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+				TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, struct ldb_dn *obj_dn,
+				struct ldb_dn **do_dn)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *nc_root;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = dsdb_find_nc_root(ldb, mem_ctx, obj_dn, &nc_root);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_wellknown_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, nc_root, DS_GUID_DELETED_OBJECTS_CONTAINER, do_dn);
+	talloc_free(nc_root);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  return the tombstoneLifetime, in days
+ */
+int dsdb_tombstone_lifetime(struct ldb_context *ldb, uint32_t *lifetime)
+{
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	dn = ldb_get_config_basedn(ldb);
+	if (!dn) {
+		return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+	}
+	dn = ldb_dn_copy(ldb, dn);
+	if (!dn) {
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+	/* see MS-ADTS section 7.1.1.2.4.1.1. There doesn't appear to
+	 be a wellknown GUID for this */
+	if (!ldb_dn_add_child_fmt(dn, "CN=Directory Service,CN=Windows NT,CN=Services")) {
+		talloc_free(dn);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	*lifetime = samdb_search_uint(ldb, dn, 180, dn, "tombstoneLifetime", "objectClass=nTDSService");
+	talloc_free(dn);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  compare a ldb_val to a string case insensitively
+ */
+int samdb_ldb_val_case_cmp(const char *s, struct ldb_val *v)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(s);
+	int ret;
+	if (len > v->length) return 1;
+	ret = strncasecmp(s, (const char *)v->data, v->length);
+	if (ret != 0) return ret;
+	if (v->length > len && v->data[len] != 0) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  load the UDV for a partition in v2 format
+  The list is returned sorted, and with our local cursor added
+ */
+int dsdb_load_udv_v2(struct ldb_context *samdb, struct ldb_dn *dn, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		     struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2 **cursors, uint32_t *count)
+{
+	static const char *attrs[] = { "replUpToDateVector", NULL };
+	struct ldb_result *r = NULL;
+	const struct ldb_val *ouv_value;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t highest_usn = 0;
+	const struct GUID *our_invocation_id;
+	static const struct timeval tv1970;
+	NTTIME nt1970 = timeval_to_nttime(&tv1970);
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(samdb, mem_ctx, &r, dn, attrs, DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED|DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+	/* fix clang warning */
+	if (r == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	ouv_value = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(r->msgs[0], "replUpToDateVector");
+	if (ouv_value) {
+		enum ndr_err_code ndr_err;
+		struct replUpToDateVectorBlob ouv;
+
+		ndr_err = ndr_pull_struct_blob(ouv_value, r, &ouv,
+					       (ndr_pull_flags_fn_t)ndr_pull_replUpToDateVectorBlob);
+		if (!NDR_ERR_CODE_IS_SUCCESS(ndr_err)) {
+			talloc_free(r);
+			return LDB_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX;
+		}
+		if (ouv.version != 2) {
+			/* we always store as version 2, and
+			 * replUpToDateVector is not replicated
+			 */
+			return LDB_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX;
+		}
+
+		*count = ouv.ctr.ctr2.count;
+		*cursors = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, ouv.ctr.ctr2.cursors);
+	} else {
+		*count = 0;
+		*cursors = NULL;
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(r);
+
+	our_invocation_id = samdb_ntds_invocation_id(samdb);
+	if (!our_invocation_id) {
+		DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": No invocationID on samdb - %s\n", ldb_errstring(samdb)));
+		talloc_free(*cursors);
+		return ldb_operr(samdb);
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_sequence_number(samdb, LDB_SEQ_HIGHEST_SEQ, &highest_usn);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		/* nothing to add - this can happen after a vampire */
+		TYPESAFE_QSORT(*cursors, *count, drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2_compare);
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<*count; i++) {
+		if (GUID_equal(our_invocation_id, &(*cursors)[i].source_dsa_invocation_id)) {
+			(*cursors)[i].highest_usn = highest_usn;
+			(*cursors)[i].last_sync_success = nt1970;
+			TYPESAFE_QSORT(*cursors, *count, drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2_compare);
+			return LDB_SUCCESS;
+		}
+	}
+
+	(*cursors) = talloc_realloc(mem_ctx, *cursors, struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2, (*count)+1);
+	if (! *cursors) {
+		return ldb_oom(samdb);
+	}
+
+	(*cursors)[*count].source_dsa_invocation_id = *our_invocation_id;
+	(*cursors)[*count].highest_usn = highest_usn;
+	(*cursors)[*count].last_sync_success = nt1970;
+	(*count)++;
+
+	TYPESAFE_QSORT(*cursors, *count, drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2_compare);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  load the UDV for a partition in version 1 format
+  The list is returned sorted, and with our local cursor added
+ */
+int dsdb_load_udv_v1(struct ldb_context *samdb, struct ldb_dn *dn, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		     struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor **cursors, uint32_t *count)
+{
+	struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor2 *v2 = NULL;
+	uint32_t i;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = dsdb_load_udv_v2(samdb, dn, mem_ctx, &v2, count);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (*count == 0) {
+		talloc_free(v2);
+		*cursors = NULL;
+		return LDB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	*cursors = talloc_array(mem_ctx, struct drsuapi_DsReplicaCursor, *count);
+	if (*cursors == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(v2);
+		return ldb_oom(samdb);
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<*count; i++) {
+		(*cursors)[i].source_dsa_invocation_id = v2[i].source_dsa_invocation_id;
+		(*cursors)[i].highest_usn = v2[i].highest_usn;
+	}
+	talloc_free(v2);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  add a set of controls to a ldb_request structure based on a set of
+  flags. See util.h for a list of available flags
+ */
+int dsdb_request_add_controls(struct ldb_request *req, uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SEARCH_ALL_PARTITIONS) {
+		struct ldb_search_options_control *options;
+		/* Using the phantom root control allows us to search all partitions */
+		options = talloc(req, struct ldb_search_options_control);
+		if (options == NULL) {
+			return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+		}
+		options->search_options = LDB_SEARCH_OPTION_PHANTOM_ROOT;
+
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+					      LDB_CONTROL_SEARCH_OPTIONS_OID,
+					      true, options);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_NO_GLOBAL_CATALOG) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+					      DSDB_CONTROL_NO_GLOBAL_CATALOG,
+					      false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DELETED) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_SHOW_DELETED_OID, true, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_RECYCLED) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_SHOW_RECYCLED_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_DN_IN_STORAGE_FORMAT) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_DN_STORAGE_FORMAT_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_EXTENDED_DN) {
+		struct ldb_extended_dn_control *extended_ctrl = talloc(req, struct ldb_extended_dn_control);
+		if (!extended_ctrl) {
+			return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+		}
+		extended_ctrl->type = 1;
+
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_EXTENDED_DN_OID, true, extended_ctrl);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_REVEAL_INTERNALS) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_REVEAL_INTERNALS, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_MODIFY_RELAX) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_RELAX_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_MODIFY_PERMISSIVE) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_PERMISSIVE_MODIFY_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_FLAG_AS_SYSTEM) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_AS_SYSTEM_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_TREE_DELETE) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_TREE_DELETE_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_PROVISION) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, LDB_CONTROL_PROVISION_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* This is a special control to bypass the password_hash module for use in pdb_samba4 for Samba3 upgrades */
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_BYPASS_PASSWORD_HASH) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_BYPASS_PASSWORD_HASH_OID, true, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_PASSWORD_BYPASS_LAST_SET) {
+		/*
+		 * This must not be critical, as it will only be
+		 * handled (and need to be handled) if the other
+		 * attributes in the request bring password_hash into
+		 * action
+		 */
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_BYPASS_LAST_SET_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_REPLMD_VANISH_LINKS) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_REPLMD_VANISH_LINKS, true, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_MODIFY_PARTIAL_REPLICA) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_PARTIAL_REPLICA, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_FLAG_REPLICATED_UPDATE) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_REPLICATED_UPDATE_OID, false, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_FLAG_FORCE_ALLOW_VALIDATED_DNS_HOSTNAME_SPN_WRITE) {
+		ret = ldb_request_add_control(req, DSDB_CONTROL_FORCE_ALLOW_VALIDATED_DNS_HOSTNAME_SPN_WRITE_OID, true, NULL);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_MARK_REQ_UNTRUSTED) {
+		ldb_req_mark_untrusted(req);
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+   returns true if a control with the specified "oid" exists
+*/
+bool dsdb_request_has_control(struct ldb_request *req, const char *oid)
+{
+	return (ldb_request_get_control(req, oid) != NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  an add with a set of controls
+*/
+int dsdb_add(struct ldb_context *ldb, const struct ldb_message *message,
+	     uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ldb_build_add_req(&req, ldb, ldb,
+				message,
+				NULL,
+				NULL,
+				ldb_op_default_callback,
+				NULL);
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) return ret;
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req, dsdb_flags);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(req);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_autotransaction_request(ldb, req);
+
+	talloc_free(req);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  a modify with a set of controls
+*/
+int dsdb_modify(struct ldb_context *ldb, const struct ldb_message *message,
+		uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ldb_build_mod_req(&req, ldb, ldb,
+				message,
+				NULL,
+				NULL,
+				ldb_op_default_callback,
+				NULL);
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) return ret;
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req, dsdb_flags);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(req);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_autotransaction_request(ldb, req);
+
+	talloc_free(req);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  a delete with a set of flags
+*/
+int dsdb_delete(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_dn *dn,
+		uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ldb_build_del_req(&req, ldb, ldb,
+				dn,
+				NULL,
+				NULL,
+				ldb_op_default_callback,
+				NULL);
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) return ret;
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req, dsdb_flags);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(req);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_autotransaction_request(ldb, req);
+
+	talloc_free(req);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  like dsdb_modify() but set all the element flags to
+  LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE
+ */
+int dsdb_replace(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_message *msg, uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	/* mark all the message elements as LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE */
+	for (i=0;i<msg->num_elements;i++) {
+		msg->elements[i].flags = LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE;
+	}
+
+	return dsdb_modify(ldb, msg, dsdb_flags);
+}
+
+
+/*
+  search for attrs on one DN, allowing for dsdb_flags controls
+ */
+int dsdb_search_dn(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+		   TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		   struct ldb_result **_result,
+		   struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+		   const char * const *attrs,
+		   uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+
+	res = talloc_zero(mem_ctx, struct ldb_result);
+	if (!res) {
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_build_search_req(&req, ldb, res,
+				   basedn,
+				   LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+				   NULL,
+				   attrs,
+				   NULL,
+				   res,
+				   ldb_search_default_callback,
+				   NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req, dsdb_flags);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request(ldb, req);
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(req);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(res);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	*_result = res;
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+  search for attrs on one DN, by the GUID of the DN, allowing for
+  dsdb_flags controls
+ */
+int dsdb_search_by_dn_guid(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			   TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			   struct ldb_result **_result,
+			   const struct GUID *guid,
+			   const char * const *attrs,
+			   uint32_t dsdb_flags)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+	struct ldb_dn *dn;
+	int ret;
+
+	dn = ldb_dn_new_fmt(tmp_ctx, ldb, "<GUID=%s>", GUID_string(tmp_ctx, guid));
+	if (dn == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_dn(ldb, mem_ctx, _result, dn, attrs, dsdb_flags);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+  general search with dsdb_flags for controls
+ */
+int dsdb_search(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+		TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		struct ldb_result **_result,
+		struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+		enum ldb_scope scope,
+		const char * const *attrs,
+		uint32_t dsdb_flags,
+		const char *exp_fmt, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(8, 9)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_request *req;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	va_list ap;
+	char *expression = NULL;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+
+	/* cross-partitions searches with a basedn break multi-domain support */
+	SMB_ASSERT(basedn == NULL || (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_SEARCH_ALL_PARTITIONS) == 0);
+
+	res = talloc_zero(tmp_ctx, struct ldb_result);
+	if (!res) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	if (exp_fmt) {
+		va_start(ap, exp_fmt);
+		expression = talloc_vasprintf(tmp_ctx, exp_fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+
+		if (!expression) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ldb_oom(ldb);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_build_search_req(&req, ldb, tmp_ctx,
+				   basedn,
+				   scope,
+				   expression,
+				   attrs,
+				   NULL,
+				   res,
+				   ldb_search_default_callback,
+				   NULL);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_request_add_controls(req, dsdb_flags);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		ldb_reset_err_string(ldb);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_request(ldb, req);
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+	}
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (dsdb_flags & DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY) {
+		if (res->count == 0) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			ldb_reset_err_string(ldb);
+			return ldb_error(ldb, LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT, __func__);
+		}
+		if (res->count != 1) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			ldb_reset_err_string(ldb);
+			return LDB_ERR_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*_result = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  general search with dsdb_flags for controls
+  returns exactly 1 record or an error
+ */
+int dsdb_search_one(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+		    TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+		    struct ldb_message **msg,
+		    struct ldb_dn *basedn,
+		    enum ldb_scope scope,
+		    const char * const *attrs,
+		    uint32_t dsdb_flags,
+		    const char *exp_fmt, ...) _PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(8, 9)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res;
+	va_list ap;
+	char *expression = NULL;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+
+	dsdb_flags |= DSDB_SEARCH_ONE_ONLY;
+
+	res = talloc_zero(tmp_ctx, struct ldb_result);
+	if (!res) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	if (exp_fmt) {
+		va_start(ap, exp_fmt);
+		expression = talloc_vasprintf(tmp_ctx, exp_fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+
+		if (!expression) {
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return ldb_oom(ldb);
+		}
+		ret = dsdb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, basedn, scope, attrs,
+				  dsdb_flags, "%s", expression);
+	} else {
+		ret = dsdb_search(ldb, tmp_ctx, &res, basedn, scope, attrs,
+				  dsdb_flags, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	*msg = talloc_steal(mem_ctx, res->msgs[0]);
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* returns back the forest DNS name */
+const char *samdb_forest_name(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	const char *forest_name = ldb_dn_canonical_string(mem_ctx,
+							  ldb_get_root_basedn(ldb));
+	char *p;
+
+	if (forest_name == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	p = strchr(forest_name, '/');
+	if (p) {
+		*p = '\0';
+	}
+
+	return forest_name;
+}
+
+/* returns back the default domain DNS name */
+const char *samdb_default_domain_name(struct ldb_context *ldb, TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx)
+{
+	const char *domain_name = ldb_dn_canonical_string(mem_ctx,
+							  ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb));
+	char *p;
+
+	if (domain_name == NULL) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	p = strchr(domain_name, '/');
+	if (p) {
+		*p = '\0';
+	}
+
+	return domain_name;
+}
+
+/*
+   validate that an DSA GUID belongs to the specified user sid.
+   The user SID must be a domain controller account (either RODC or
+   RWDC)
+ */
+int dsdb_validate_dsa_guid(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			   const struct GUID *dsa_guid,
+			   const struct dom_sid *sid)
+{
+	/* strategy:
+	    - find DN of record with the DSA GUID in the
+	      configuration partition (objectGUID)
+            - remove "NTDS Settings" component from DN
+	    - do a base search on that DN for serverReference with
+	      extended-dn enabled
+            - extract objectSid from resulting serverReference
+              attribute
+	    - check this sid matches the sid argument
+	*/
+	struct ldb_dn *config_dn;
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	const char *attrs1[] = { NULL };
+	const char *attrs2[] = { "serverReference", NULL };
+	int ret;
+	struct ldb_dn *dn, *account_dn;
+	struct dom_sid sid2;
+	NTSTATUS status;
+
+	config_dn = ldb_get_config_basedn(ldb);
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_one(ldb, tmp_ctx, &msg, config_dn, LDB_SCOPE_SUBTREE,
+			      attrs1, 0, "(&(objectGUID=%s)(objectClass=nTDSDSA))", GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid));
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1,(__location__ ": Failed to find DSA objectGUID %s for sid %s\n",
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid), dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, sid)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+	dn = msg->dn;
+
+	if (!ldb_dn_remove_child_components(dn, 1)) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_search_one(ldb, tmp_ctx, &msg, dn, LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+			      attrs2, DSDB_SEARCH_SHOW_EXTENDED_DN,
+			      "(objectClass=server)");
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(1,(__location__ ": Failed to find server record for DSA with objectGUID %s, sid %s\n",
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid), dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, sid)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	account_dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, msg, "serverReference");
+	if (account_dn == NULL) {
+		DEBUG(1,(__location__ ": Failed to find account dn "
+			 "(serverReference) for %s, parent of DSA with "
+			 "objectGUID %s, sid %s\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(msg->dn),
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid),
+			 dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, sid)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	status = dsdb_get_extended_dn_sid(account_dn, &sid2, "SID");
+	if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+		DEBUG(1,(__location__ ": Failed to find SID for DSA with objectGUID %s, sid %s\n",
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid), dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, sid)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	if (!dom_sid_equal(sid, &sid2)) {
+		/* someone is trying to spoof another account */
+		DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Bad DSA objectGUID %s for sid %s - expected sid %s\n",
+			 GUID_string(tmp_ctx, dsa_guid),
+			 dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, sid),
+			 dom_sid_string(tmp_ctx, &sid2)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_operr(ldb);
+	}
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static const char * const secret_attributes[] = {
+	DSDB_SECRET_ATTRIBUTES,
+	NULL
+};
+
+/*
+  check if the attribute belongs to the RODC filtered attribute set
+  Note that attributes that are in the filtered attribute set are the
+  ones that _are_ always sent to a RODC
+*/
+bool dsdb_attr_in_rodc_fas(const struct dsdb_attribute *sa)
+{
+	/* they never get secret attributes */
+	if (is_attr_in_list(secret_attributes, sa->lDAPDisplayName)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* they do get non-secret critical attributes */
+	if (sa->schemaFlagsEx & SCHEMA_FLAG_ATTR_IS_CRITICAL) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* they do get non-secret attributes marked as being in the FAS  */
+	if (sa->searchFlags & SEARCH_FLAG_RODC_ATTRIBUTE) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* other attributes are denied */
+	return false;
+}
+
+/* return fsmo role dn and role owner dn for a particular role*/
+WERROR dsdb_get_fsmo_role_info(TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx,
+			       struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			       uint32_t role,
+			       struct ldb_dn **fsmo_role_dn,
+			       struct ldb_dn **role_owner_dn)
+{
+	int ret;
+	switch (role) {
+	case DREPL_NAMING_MASTER:
+		*fsmo_role_dn = samdb_partitions_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx);
+		ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, *fsmo_role_dn, "fSMORoleOwner", role_owner_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Failed to find fSMORoleOwner in Naming Master object - %s",
+				 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DREPL_INFRASTRUCTURE_MASTER:
+		*fsmo_role_dn = samdb_infrastructure_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx);
+		ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, *fsmo_role_dn, "fSMORoleOwner", role_owner_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Failed to find fSMORoleOwner in Schema Master object - %s",
+				 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DREPL_RID_MASTER:
+		ret = samdb_rid_manager_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, fsmo_role_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0, (__location__ ": Failed to find RID Manager object - %s", ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, *fsmo_role_dn, "fSMORoleOwner", role_owner_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Failed to find fSMORoleOwner in RID Manager object - %s",
+				 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DREPL_SCHEMA_MASTER:
+		*fsmo_role_dn = ldb_get_schema_basedn(ldb);
+		ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, *fsmo_role_dn, "fSMORoleOwner", role_owner_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Failed to find fSMORoleOwner in Schema Master object - %s",
+				 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+		break;
+	case DREPL_PDC_MASTER:
+		*fsmo_role_dn = ldb_get_default_basedn(ldb);
+		ret = samdb_reference_dn(ldb, tmp_ctx, *fsmo_role_dn, "fSMORoleOwner", role_owner_dn);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Failed to find fSMORoleOwner in Pd Master object - %s",
+				 ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+			talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+			return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		return WERR_DS_DRA_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+	}
+	return WERR_OK;
+}
+
+const char *samdb_dn_to_dnshostname(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+				    TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				    struct ldb_dn *server_dn)
+{
+	int ldb_ret;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	const char * const attrs[] = { "dNSHostName", NULL};
+
+	ldb_ret = ldb_search(ldb, mem_ctx, &res,
+			     server_dn,
+			     LDB_SCOPE_BASE,
+			     attrs, NULL);
+	if (ldb_ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DEBUG(4, ("Failed to find dNSHostName for dn %s, ldb error: %s",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(server_dn), ldb_errstring(ldb)));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_string(res->msgs[0], "dNSHostName", NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+  returns true if an attribute is in the filter,
+  false otherwise, provided that attribute value is provided with the expression
+*/
+bool dsdb_attr_in_parse_tree(struct ldb_parse_tree *tree,
+			     const char *attr)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       switch (tree->operation) {
+       case LDB_OP_AND:
+       case LDB_OP_OR:
+               for (i=0;i<tree->u.list.num_elements;i++) {
+                       if (dsdb_attr_in_parse_tree(tree->u.list.elements[i],
+                                                       attr))
+                               return true;
+               }
+               return false;
+       case LDB_OP_NOT:
+               return dsdb_attr_in_parse_tree(tree->u.isnot.child, attr);
+       case LDB_OP_EQUALITY:
+       case LDB_OP_GREATER:
+       case LDB_OP_LESS:
+       case LDB_OP_APPROX:
+               if (ldb_attr_cmp(tree->u.equality.attr, attr) == 0) {
+                       return true;
+               }
+               return false;
+       case LDB_OP_SUBSTRING:
+               if (ldb_attr_cmp(tree->u.substring.attr, attr) == 0) {
+                       return true;
+               }
+               return false;
+       case LDB_OP_PRESENT:
+	       /* (attrname=*) is not filtered out */
+               return false;
+       case LDB_OP_EXTENDED:
+               if (tree->u.extended.attr &&
+                   ldb_attr_cmp(tree->u.extended.attr, attr) == 0) {
+		       return true;
+               }
+               return false;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+bool is_attr_in_list(const char * const * attrs, const char *attr)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; attrs[i]; i++) {
+		if (ldb_attr_cmp(attrs[i], attr) == 0)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+int dsdb_werror_at(struct ldb_context *ldb, int ldb_ecode, WERROR werr,
+		   const char *location, const char *func,
+		   const char *reason)
+{
+	if (reason == NULL) {
+		reason = win_errstr(werr);
+	}
+	ldb_asprintf_errstring(ldb, "%08X: %s at %s:%s",
+			       W_ERROR_V(werr), reason, location, func);
+	return ldb_ecode;
+}
+
+/*
+  map an ldb error code to an approximate NTSTATUS code
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_ldb_err_to_ntstatus(int err)
+{
+	switch (err) {
+	case LDB_SUCCESS:
+		return NT_STATUS_OK;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_PROTOCOL_ERROR:
+		return NT_STATUS_DEVICE_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_TIME_LIMIT_EXCEEDED:
+		return NT_STATUS_IO_TIMEOUT;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_SIZE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED:
+		return NT_STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_COMPARE_FALSE:
+	case LDB_ERR_COMPARE_TRUE:
+		return NT_STATUS_REVISION_MISMATCH;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_AUTH_METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+		return NT_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_STRONG_AUTH_REQUIRED:
+	case LDB_ERR_CONFIDENTIALITY_REQUIRED:
+	case LDB_ERR_SASL_BIND_IN_PROGRESS:
+	case LDB_ERR_INAPPROPRIATE_AUTHENTICATION:
+	case LDB_ERR_INVALID_CREDENTIALS:
+	case LDB_ERR_INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_RIGHTS:
+	case LDB_ERR_UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM:
+		return NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_OBJECT:
+		return NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_REFERRAL:
+	case LDB_ERR_NO_SUCH_ATTRIBUTE:
+		return NT_STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_CRITICAL_EXTENSION:
+		return NT_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_ADMIN_LIMIT_EXCEEDED:
+		return NT_STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_UNDEFINED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE:
+	case LDB_ERR_INAPPROPRIATE_MATCHING:
+	case LDB_ERR_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION:
+	case LDB_ERR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_SYNTAX:
+	case LDB_ERR_INVALID_DN_SYNTAX:
+	case LDB_ERR_NAMING_VIOLATION:
+	case LDB_ERR_OBJECT_CLASS_VIOLATION:
+	case LDB_ERR_NOT_ALLOWED_ON_NON_LEAF:
+	case LDB_ERR_NOT_ALLOWED_ON_RDN:
+		return NT_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_ATTRIBUTE_OR_VALUE_EXISTS:
+	case LDB_ERR_ENTRY_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		return NT_STATUS_ERROR_DS_OBJ_STRING_NAME_EXISTS;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_BUSY:
+		return NT_STATUS_NETWORK_BUSY;
+
+	case LDB_ERR_ALIAS_PROBLEM:
+	case LDB_ERR_ALIAS_DEREFERENCING_PROBLEM:
+	case LDB_ERR_UNAVAILABLE:
+	case LDB_ERR_LOOP_DETECT:
+	case LDB_ERR_OBJECT_CLASS_MODS_PROHIBITED:
+	case LDB_ERR_AFFECTS_MULTIPLE_DSAS:
+	case LDB_ERR_OTHER:
+	case LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR:
+		break;
+	}
+	return NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+  create a new naming context that will hold a partial replica
+ */
+int dsdb_create_partial_replica_NC(struct ldb_context *ldb,  struct ldb_dn *dn)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+	struct ldb_message *msg;
+	int ret;
+
+	msg = ldb_msg_new(tmp_ctx);
+	if (msg == NULL) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	msg->dn = dn;
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_string(msg, "objectClass", "top");
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	/* [MS-DRSR] implies that we should only add the 'top'
+	 * objectclass, but that would cause lots of problems with our
+	 * objectclass code as top is not structural, so we add
+	 * 'domainDNS' as well to keep things sane. We're expecting
+	 * this new NC to be of objectclass domainDNS after
+	 * replication anyway
+	 */
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_string(msg, "objectClass", "domainDNS");
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_msg_add_fmt(msg, "instanceType", "%u",
+			      INSTANCE_TYPE_IS_NC_HEAD|
+			      INSTANCE_TYPE_NC_ABOVE|
+			      INSTANCE_TYPE_UNINSTANT);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ldb_oom(ldb);
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_add(ldb, msg, DSDB_MODIFY_PARTIAL_REPLICA);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS && ret != LDB_ERR_ENTRY_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		DEBUG(0,("Failed to create new NC for %s - %s (%s)\n",
+			 ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn),
+			 ldb_errstring(ldb), ldb_strerror(ret)));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	DEBUG(1,("Created new NC for %s\n", ldb_dn_get_linearized(dn)));
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the effective badPwdCount
+ *
+ * This requires that the user_msg have (if present):
+ *  - badPasswordTime
+ *  - badPwdCount
+ *
+ * This also requires that the domain_msg have (if present):
+ *  - lockOutObservationWindow
+ */
+int dsdb_effective_badPwdCount(const struct ldb_message *user_msg,
+			       int64_t lockOutObservationWindow,
+			       NTTIME now)
+{
+	int64_t badPasswordTime;
+	badPasswordTime = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int64(user_msg, "badPasswordTime", 0);
+
+	if (badPasswordTime - lockOutObservationWindow >= now) {
+		return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int(user_msg, "badPwdCount", 0);
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a user's PSO, or NULL if none was found
+ */
+static struct ldb_result *lookup_user_pso(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+					  TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+					  const struct ldb_message *user_msg,
+					  const char * const *attrs)
+{
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	struct ldb_dn *pso_dn = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* if the user has a PSO that applies, then use the PSO's setting */
+	pso_dn = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_dn(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, user_msg,
+					 "msDS-ResultantPSO");
+
+	if (pso_dn != NULL) {
+
+		ret = dsdb_search_dn(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, &res, pso_dn, attrs, 0);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+
+			/*
+			 * log the error. The caller should fallback to using
+			 * the default domain password settings
+			 */
+			DBG_ERR("Error retrieving msDS-ResultantPSO %s for %s",
+				ldb_dn_get_linearized(pso_dn),
+				ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn));
+		}
+		talloc_free(pso_dn);
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the msDS-LockoutObservationWindow for a user message
+ *
+ * This requires that the user_msg have (if present):
+ *  - msDS-ResultantPSO
+ */
+int64_t samdb_result_msds_LockoutObservationWindow(
+	struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+	TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+	struct ldb_dn *domain_dn,
+	const struct ldb_message *user_msg)
+{
+	int64_t lockOutObservationWindow;
+	struct ldb_result *res = NULL;
+	const char *attrs[] = { "msDS-LockoutObservationWindow",
+				NULL };
+	if (domain_dn == NULL) {
+		smb_panic("domain dn is NULL");
+	}
+	res = lookup_user_pso(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, user_msg, attrs);
+
+	if (res != NULL) {
+		lockOutObservationWindow =
+			ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int64(res->msgs[0],
+						   "msDS-LockoutObservationWindow",
+						    DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_WINDOW);
+		talloc_free(res);
+	} else {
+
+		/* no PSO was found, lookup the default domain setting */
+		lockOutObservationWindow =
+			 samdb_search_int64(sam_ldb, mem_ctx, 0, domain_dn,
+					    "lockOutObservationWindow", NULL);
+	}
+	return lockOutObservationWindow;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the effective badPwdCount
+ *
+ * This requires that the user_msg have (if present):
+ *  - badPasswordTime
+ *  - badPwdCount
+ *  - msDS-ResultantPSO
+ */
+int samdb_result_effective_badPwdCount(struct ldb_context *sam_ldb,
+				       TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				       struct ldb_dn *domain_dn,
+				       const struct ldb_message *user_msg)
+{
+	struct timeval tv_now = timeval_current();
+	NTTIME now = timeval_to_nttime(&tv_now);
+	int64_t lockOutObservationWindow =
+		samdb_result_msds_LockoutObservationWindow(
+			sam_ldb, mem_ctx, domain_dn, user_msg);
+	return dsdb_effective_badPwdCount(user_msg, lockOutObservationWindow, now);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the lockoutThreshold that applies. If a PSO is specified, then that
+ * setting is used over the domain defaults
+ */
+static int64_t get_lockout_threshold(struct ldb_message *domain_msg,
+				     struct ldb_message *pso_msg)
+{
+	if (pso_msg != NULL) {
+		return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int(pso_msg,
+						"msDS-LockoutThreshold", 0);
+	} else {
+		return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int(domain_msg,
+						"lockoutThreshold", 0);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the lockOutObservationWindow that applies. If a PSO is specified,
+ * then that setting is used over the domain defaults
+ */
+static int64_t get_lockout_observation_window(struct ldb_message *domain_msg,
+					      struct ldb_message *pso_msg)
+{
+	if (pso_msg != NULL) {
+		return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int64(pso_msg,
+						  "msDS-LockoutObservationWindow",
+						   DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_WINDOW);
+	} else {
+		return ldb_msg_find_attr_as_int64(domain_msg,
+						  "lockOutObservationWindow",
+						   DEFAULT_OBSERVATION_WINDOW);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare an update to the badPwdCount and associated attributes.
+ *
+ * This requires that the user_msg have (if present):
+ *  - objectSid
+ *  - badPasswordTime
+ *  - badPwdCount
+ *
+ * This also requires that the domain_msg have (if present):
+ *  - pwdProperties
+ *  - lockoutThreshold
+ *  - lockOutObservationWindow
+ *
+ * This also requires that the pso_msg have (if present):
+ *  - msDS-LockoutThreshold
+ *  - msDS-LockoutObservationWindow
+ */
+NTSTATUS dsdb_update_bad_pwd_count(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+				   struct ldb_context *sam_ctx,
+				   struct ldb_message *user_msg,
+				   struct ldb_message *domain_msg,
+				   struct ldb_message *pso_msg,
+				   struct ldb_message **_mod_msg)
+{
+	int ret, badPwdCount;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int64_t lockoutThreshold, lockOutObservationWindow;
+	struct dom_sid *sid;
+	struct timeval tv_now = timeval_current();
+	NTTIME now = timeval_to_nttime(&tv_now);
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	uint32_t pwdProperties, rid = 0;
+	struct ldb_message *mod_msg;
+
+	sid = samdb_result_dom_sid(mem_ctx, user_msg, "objectSid");
+
+	pwdProperties = ldb_msg_find_attr_as_uint(domain_msg,
+						  "pwdProperties", -1);
+	if (sid && !(pwdProperties & DOMAIN_PASSWORD_LOCKOUT_ADMINS)) {
+		status = dom_sid_split_rid(NULL, sid, NULL, &rid);
+		if (!NT_STATUS_IS_OK(status)) {
+			/*
+			 * This can't happen anyway, but always try
+			 * and update the badPwdCount on failure
+			 */
+			rid = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	TALLOC_FREE(sid);
+
+	/*
+	 * Work out if we are doing password lockout on the domain.
+	 * Also, the built in administrator account is exempt:
+	 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa375371%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+	 */
+	lockoutThreshold = get_lockout_threshold(domain_msg, pso_msg);
+	if (lockoutThreshold == 0 || (rid == DOMAIN_RID_ADMINISTRATOR)) {
+		DEBUG(5, ("Not updating badPwdCount on %s after wrong password\n",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn)));
+		return NT_STATUS_OK;
+	}
+
+	mod_msg = ldb_msg_new(mem_ctx);
+	if (mod_msg == NULL) {
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+	mod_msg->dn = ldb_dn_copy(mod_msg, user_msg->dn);
+	if (mod_msg->dn == NULL) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(mod_msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	lockOutObservationWindow = get_lockout_observation_window(domain_msg,
+								  pso_msg);
+
+	badPwdCount = dsdb_effective_badPwdCount(user_msg, lockOutObservationWindow, now);
+
+	badPwdCount++;
+
+	ret = samdb_msg_add_int(sam_ctx, mod_msg, mod_msg, "badPwdCount", badPwdCount);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(mod_msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+	ret = samdb_msg_add_int64(sam_ctx, mod_msg, mod_msg, "badPasswordTime", now);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(mod_msg);
+		return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+	}
+
+	if (badPwdCount >= lockoutThreshold) {
+		ret = samdb_msg_add_int64(sam_ctx, mod_msg, mod_msg, "lockoutTime", now);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(mod_msg);
+			return NT_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+		}
+		DEBUGC( DBGC_AUTH, 1, ("Locked out user %s after %d wrong passwords\n",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn), badPwdCount));
+	} else {
+		DEBUGC( DBGC_AUTH, 5, ("Updated badPwdCount on %s after %d wrong passwords\n",
+			  ldb_dn_get_linearized(user_msg->dn), badPwdCount));
+	}
+
+	/* mark all the message elements as LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE */
+	for (i=0; i< mod_msg->num_elements; i++) {
+		mod_msg->elements[i].flags = LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE;
+	}
+
+	*_mod_msg = mod_msg;
+	return NT_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets defaults for a User object
+ * List of default attributes set:
+ * 	accountExpires, badPasswordTime, badPwdCount,
+ * 	codePage, countryCode, lastLogoff, lastLogon
+ * 	logonCount, pwdLastSet
+ */
+int dsdb_user_obj_set_defaults(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			       struct ldb_message *usr_obj,
+			       struct ldb_request *req)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	int ret;
+	const struct attribute_values {
+		const char *name;
+		const char *value;
+		const char *add_value;
+		const char *mod_value;
+		const char *control;
+		unsigned add_flags;
+		unsigned mod_flags;
+	} map[] = {
+		{
+			.name = "accountExpires",
+			.add_value = "9223372036854775807",
+			.mod_value = "0",
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "badPasswordTime",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "badPwdCount",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "codePage",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "countryCode",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "lastLogoff",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "lastLogon",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "logonCount",
+			.value = "0"
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "logonHours",
+			.add_flags = DSDB_FLAG_INTERNAL_FORCE_META_DATA,
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "pwdLastSet",
+			.value = "0",
+			.control = DSDB_CONTROL_PASSWORD_DEFAULT_LAST_SET_OID,
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "adminCount",
+			.mod_value = "0",
+		},
+		{
+			.name = "operatorCount",
+			.mod_value = "0",
+		},
+	};
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(map); i++) {
+		bool added = false;
+		const char *value = NULL;
+		unsigned flags = 0;
+
+		if (req != NULL && req->operation == LDB_ADD) {
+			value = map[i].add_value;
+			flags = map[i].add_flags;
+		} else {
+			value = map[i].mod_value;
+			flags = map[i].mod_flags;
+		}
+
+		if (value == NULL) {
+			value = map[i].value;
+		}
+
+		if (value != NULL) {
+			flags |= LDB_FLAG_MOD_ADD;
+		}
+
+		if (flags == 0) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ret = samdb_find_or_add_attribute_ex(ldb, usr_obj,
+						     map[i].name,
+						     value, flags,
+						     &added);
+		if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+
+		if (req != NULL && added && map[i].control != NULL) {
+			ret = ldb_request_add_control(req,
+						      map[i].control,
+						      false, NULL);
+			if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+				return ret;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets 'sAMAccountType on user object based on userAccountControl.
+ * This function is used in processing both 'add' and 'modify' requests.
+ * @param ldb Current ldb_context
+ * @param usr_obj ldb_message representing User object
+ * @param user_account_control Value for userAccountControl flags
+ * @param account_type_p Optional pointer to account_type to return
+ * @return LDB_SUCCESS or LDB_ERR* code on failure
+ */
+int dsdb_user_obj_set_account_type(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_message *usr_obj,
+				   uint32_t user_account_control, uint32_t *account_type_p)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint32_t account_type;
+
+	account_type = ds_uf2atype(user_account_control);
+	if (account_type == 0) {
+		ldb_set_errstring(ldb, "dsdb: Unrecognized account type!");
+		return LDB_ERR_UNWILLING_TO_PERFORM;
+	}
+	ret = samdb_msg_add_uint_flags(ldb, usr_obj, usr_obj,
+				       "sAMAccountType",
+				       account_type,
+				       LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (account_type_p) {
+		*account_type_p = account_type;
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine and set primaryGroupID based on userAccountControl value.
+ * This function is used in processing both 'add' and 'modify' requests.
+ * @param ldb Current ldb_context
+ * @param usr_obj ldb_message representing User object
+ * @param user_account_control Value for userAccountControl flags
+ * @param group_rid_p Optional pointer to group RID to return
+ * @return LDB_SUCCESS or LDB_ERR* code on failure
+ */
+int dsdb_user_obj_set_primary_group_id(struct ldb_context *ldb, struct ldb_message *usr_obj,
+				       uint32_t user_account_control, uint32_t *group_rid_p)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint32_t rid;
+
+	rid = ds_uf2prim_group_rid(user_account_control);
+
+	ret = samdb_msg_add_uint_flags(ldb, usr_obj, usr_obj,
+				       "primaryGroupID", rid,
+				       LDB_FLAG_MOD_REPLACE);
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (group_rid_p) {
+		*group_rid_p = rid;
+	}
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns True if the source and target DNs both have the same naming context,
+ * i.e. they're both in the same partition.
+ */
+bool dsdb_objects_have_same_nc(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			       TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx,
+			       struct ldb_dn *source_dn,
+			       struct ldb_dn *target_dn)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx;
+	struct ldb_dn *source_nc = NULL;
+	struct ldb_dn *target_nc = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	bool same_nc = true;
+
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(mem_ctx);
+
+	ret = dsdb_find_nc_root(ldb, tmp_ctx, source_dn, &source_nc);
+	/* fix clang warning */
+	if (source_nc == NULL) {
+		ret = LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DBG_ERR("Failed to find base DN for source %s: %s\n",
+			ldb_dn_get_linearized(source_dn), ldb_errstring(ldb));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	ret = dsdb_find_nc_root(ldb, tmp_ctx, target_dn, &target_nc);
+	/* fix clang warning */
+	if (target_nc == NULL) {
+		ret = LDB_ERR_OTHER;
+	}
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		DBG_ERR("Failed to find base DN for target %s: %s\n",
+			ldb_dn_get_linearized(target_dn), ldb_errstring(ldb));
+		talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	same_nc = (ldb_dn_compare(source_nc, target_nc) == 0);
+
+	talloc_free(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return same_nc;
+}
+/*
+ * Context for dsdb_count_domain_callback
+ */
+struct dsdb_count_domain_context {
+	/*
+	 * Number of matching records
+	 */
+	size_t count;
+	/*
+	 * sid of the domain that the records must belong to.
+	 * if NULL records can belong to any domain.
+	 */
+	struct dom_sid *dom_sid;
+};
+
+/*
+ * @brief ldb aysnc callback for dsdb_domain_count.
+ *
+ * count the number of records in the database matching an LDAP query,
+ * optionally filtering for domain membership.
+ *
+ * @param [in,out] req the ldb request being processed
+ *                    req->context contains:
+ *                        count   The number of matching records
+ *                        dom_sid The domain sid, if present records must belong
+ *                                to the domain to be counted.
+ *@param [in,out] ares The query result.
+ *
+ * @return an LDB error code
+ *
+ */
+static int dsdb_count_domain_callback(
+	struct ldb_request *req,
+	struct ldb_reply *ares)
+{
+
+	if (ares == NULL) {
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (ares->error != LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		int error = ares->error;
+		TALLOC_FREE(ares);
+		return ldb_request_done(req, error);
+	}
+
+	switch (ares->type) {
+	case LDB_REPLY_ENTRY:
+	{
+		struct dsdb_count_domain_context *context = NULL;
+		ssize_t ret;
+		bool in_domain;
+		struct dom_sid sid;
+		const struct ldb_val *v;
+
+		context = req->context;
+		if (context->dom_sid == NULL) {
+			context->count++;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		v = ldb_msg_find_ldb_val(ares->message, "objectSid");
+		if (v == NULL) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ret = sid_parse(v->data, v->length, &sid);
+		if (ret == -1) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		in_domain = dom_sid_in_domain(context->dom_sid, &sid);
+		if (!in_domain) {
+			break;
+		}
+
+		context->count++;
+		break;
+	}
+	case LDB_REPLY_REFERRAL:
+		break;
+
+	case LDB_REPLY_DONE:
+		TALLOC_FREE(ares);
+		return ldb_request_done(req, LDB_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ares);
+
+	return LDB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * @brief Count the number of records matching a query.
+ *
+ * Count the number of entries in the database matching the supplied query,
+ * optionally filtering only those entries belonging to the supplied domain.
+ *
+ * @param ldb [in] Current ldb context
+ * @param count [out] Pointer to the count
+ * @param base [in] The base dn for the quey
+ * @param dom_sid [in] The domain sid, if non NULL records that are not a member
+ *                     of the domain are ignored.
+ * @param scope [in] Search scope.
+ * @param exp_fmt [in] format string for the query.
+ *
+ * @return LDB_STATUS code.
+ */
+int PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(6, 7) dsdb_domain_count(
+	struct ldb_context *ldb,
+	size_t *count,
+	struct ldb_dn *base,
+	struct dom_sid *dom_sid,
+	enum ldb_scope scope,
+	const char *exp_fmt, ...)
+{
+	TALLOC_CTX *tmp_ctx = NULL;
+	struct ldb_request *req = NULL;
+	struct dsdb_count_domain_context *context = NULL;
+	char *expression = NULL;
+	const char *object_sid[] = {"objectSid", NULL};
+	const char *none[] = {NULL};
+	va_list ap;
+	int ret;
+
+	*count = 0;
+	tmp_ctx = talloc_new(ldb);
+
+	context = talloc_zero(tmp_ctx, struct dsdb_count_domain_context);
+	if (context == NULL) {
+		return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+	}
+	context->dom_sid = dom_sid;
+
+	if (exp_fmt) {
+		va_start(ap, exp_fmt);
+		expression = talloc_vasprintf(tmp_ctx, exp_fmt, ap);
+		va_end(ap);
+
+		if (expression == NULL) {
+			TALLOC_FREE(context);
+			TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+			return LDB_ERR_OPERATIONS_ERROR;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = ldb_build_search_req(
+		&req,
+		ldb,
+		tmp_ctx,
+		base,
+		scope,
+		expression,
+		(dom_sid == NULL) ? none : object_sid,
+		NULL,
+		context,
+		dsdb_count_domain_callback,
+		NULL);
+	ldb_req_set_location(req, "dsdb_domain_count");
+
+	if (ret != LDB_SUCCESS) goto done;
+
+	ret = ldb_request(ldb, req);
+
+	if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = ldb_wait(req->handle, LDB_WAIT_ALL);
+		if (ret == LDB_SUCCESS) {
+			*count = context->count;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+done:
+	TALLOC_FREE(expression);
+	TALLOC_FREE(req);
+	TALLOC_FREE(context);
+	TALLOC_FREE(tmp_ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if 'sids' contains the Protected Users group SID for the domain, 0
+ * if not. Returns a negative value on error.
+ */
+int dsdb_is_protected_user(struct ldb_context *ldb,
+			   const struct dom_sid *sids,
+			   uint32_t num_sids)
+{
+	const struct dom_sid *domain_sid = NULL;
+	struct dom_sid protected_users_sid;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	domain_sid = samdb_domain_sid(ldb);
+	if (domain_sid == NULL) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	protected_users_sid = *domain_sid;
+	if (!sid_append_rid(&protected_users_sid, DOMAIN_RID_PROTECTED_USERS)) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_sids; ++i) {
+		if (dom_sid_equal(&protected_users_sid, &sids[i])) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}