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+<!-- keywords: sqlite3_changes sqlite3_changes64 -->
+<div class=nosearch>
+<a href="intro.html"><h2>SQLite C Interface</h2></a>
+<h2>Count The Number Of Rows Modified</h2>
+</div>
+<blockquote><pre>
+int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
+sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
+</pre></blockquote>
+<p>
+These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
+deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
+statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
+The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
+and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE
+or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
+the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. Executing any other
+type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.</p>
+
+<p>Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
+considered - auxiliary changes caused by <a href="../lang_createtrigger.html">triggers</a>,
+<a href="../foreignkeys.html#fk_actions">foreign key actions</a> or <a href="../lang_replace.html">REPLACE</a> constraint resolution are not counted.</p>
+
+<p>Changes to a view that are intercepted by
+<a href="../lang_createtrigger.html#instead_of_trigger">INSTEAD OF triggers</a> are not counted. The value
+returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
+DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
+tables are counted.</p>
+
+<p>Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
+executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
+program uses the <a href="../lang_corefunc.html#changes">changes() SQL function</a>, or if some other callback
+function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:</p>
+
+<p><ul>
+<li> Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
+sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
+has finished, the original value is restored.</p>
+
+<p><li> Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
+statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
+upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
+any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
+value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.
+</ul></p>
+
+<p>This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
+by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
+returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
+If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
+program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
+previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.</p>
+
+<p>If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
+while <a href="../c3ref/changes.html">sqlite3_changes()</a> is running then the value returned
+is unpredictable and not meaningful.</p>
+
+<p>See also:
+<ul>
+<li> the <a href="../c3ref/total_changes.html">sqlite3_total_changes()</a> interface
+<li> the <a href="../pragma.html#pragma_count_changes">count_changes pragma</a>
+<li> the <a href="../lang_corefunc.html#changes">changes() SQL function</a>
+<li> the <a href="../pragma.html#pragma_data_version">data_version pragma</a>
+</ul>
+</p><p>See also lists of
+ <a href="objlist.html">Objects</a>,
+ <a href="constlist.html">Constants</a>, and
+ <a href="funclist.html">Functions</a>.</p>
+