Adding upstream version 252.22.upstream/252.22

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

308 files changed, 90143 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/basic/MurmurHash2.c b/src/basic/MurmurHash2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43a89a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/MurmurHash2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-murmurhash2-public-domain */
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MurmurHash2 was written by Austin Appleby, and is placed in the public
+// domain. The author hereby disclaims copyright to this source code.
+
+// Note - This code makes a few assumptions about how your machine behaves -
+
+// 1. We can read a 4-byte value from any address without crashing
+// 2. sizeof(int) == 4
+
+// And it has a few limitations -
+
+// 1. It will not work incrementally.
+// 2. It will not produce the same results on little-endian and big-endian
+//    machines.
+
+#include "MurmurHash2.h"
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 7
+_Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wimplicit-fallthrough\"")
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Platform-specific functions and macros
+
+// Microsoft Visual Studio
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#define BIG_CONSTANT(x) (x)
+
+// Other compilers
+
+#else        // defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#define BIG_CONSTANT(x) (x##LLU)
+
+#endif // !defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+uint32_t MurmurHash2 ( const void * key, int len, uint32_t seed )
+{
+  // 'm' and 'r' are mixing constants generated offline.
+  // They're not really 'magic', they just happen to work well.
+
+  const uint32_t m = 0x5bd1e995;
+  const int r = 24;
+
+  // Initialize the hash to a 'random' value
+
+  uint32_t h = seed ^ len;
+
+  // Mix 4 bytes at a time into the hash
+
+  const unsigned char * data = (const unsigned char *)key;
+
+  while (len >= 4)
+  {
+    uint32_t k = *(uint32_t*)data;
+
+    k *= m;
+    k ^= k >> r;
+    k *= m;
+
+    h *= m;
+    h ^= k;
+
+    data += 4;
+    len -= 4;
+  }
+
+  // Handle the last few bytes of the input array
+
+  switch(len)
+  {
+  case 3: h ^= data[2] << 16; /* fall through */
+  case 2: h ^= data[1] << 8;  /* fall through */
+  case 1: h ^= data[0];       /* fall through */
+      h *= m;
+  };
+
+  // Do a few final mixes of the hash to ensure the last few
+  // bytes are well-incorporated.
+
+  h ^= h >> 13;
+  h *= m;
+  h ^= h >> 15;
+
+  return h;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/MurmurHash2.h b/src/basic/MurmurHash2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5758b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/MurmurHash2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-murmurhash2-public-domain */
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// MurmurHash2 was written by Austin Appleby, and is placed in the public
+// domain. The author hereby disclaims copyright to this source code.
+
+#pragma once
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Platform-specific functions and macros
+
+// Microsoft Visual Studio
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned long uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+
+// Other compilers
+
+#else        // defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#endif // !defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+uint32_t MurmurHash2        ( const void * key, int len, uint32_t seed );
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/basic/af-list.c b/src/basic/af-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9ab891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/af-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "af-list.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static const struct af_name* lookup_af(register const char *str, register GPERF_LEN_TYPE len);
+
+#include "af-from-name.h"
+#include "af-to-name.h"
+
+const char *af_to_name(int id) {
+
+        if (id <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if ((size_t) id >= ELEMENTSOF(af_names))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return af_names[id];
+}
+
+int af_from_name(const char *name) {
+        const struct af_name *sc;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        sc = lookup_af(name, strlen(name));
+        if (!sc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return sc->id;
+}
+
+int af_max(void) {
+        return ELEMENTSOF(af_names);
+}
+
+const char *af_to_ipv4_ipv6(int id) {
+        /* Pretty often we want to map the address family to the typically used protocol name for IPv4 +
+         * IPv6. Let's add special helpers for that. */
+        return id == AF_INET ? "ipv4" :
+                id == AF_INET6 ? "ipv6" : NULL;
+}
+
+int af_from_ipv4_ipv6(const char *af) {
+        return streq_ptr(af, "ipv4") ? AF_INET :
+                streq_ptr(af, "ipv6") ? AF_INET6 : AF_UNSPEC;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/af-list.h b/src/basic/af-list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9592b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/af-list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+const char *af_to_name(int id);
+int af_from_name(const char *name);
+
+static inline const char* af_to_name_short(int id) {
+        const char *f;
+
+        if (id == AF_UNSPEC)
+                return "*";
+
+        f = af_to_name(id);
+        if (!f)
+                return "unknown";
+
+        assert(startswith(f, "AF_"));
+        return f + 3;
+}
+
+const char* af_to_ipv4_ipv6(int id);
+int af_from_ipv4_ipv6(const char *af);
+
+int af_max(void);
diff --git a/src/basic/af-to-name.awk b/src/basic/af-to-name.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9cfbb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/af-to-name.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+BEGIN{
+        print "static const char* const af_names[] = { "
+}
+!/AF_FILE/ && !/AF_ROUTE/ && !/AF_LOCAL/ {
+        printf "        [%s] = \"%s\",\n", $1, $1
+}
+END{
+        print "};"
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/alloc-util.c b/src/basic/alloc-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6063943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/alloc-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        void *ret;
+
+        assert(l == 0 || p);
+
+        ret = malloc(l ?: 1);
+        if (!ret)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return memcpy_safe(ret, p, l);
+}
+
+void* memdup_suffix0(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        void *ret;
+
+        assert(l == 0 || p);
+
+        /* The same as memdup() but place a safety NUL byte after the allocated memory */
+
+        if (_unlikely_(l == SIZE_MAX)) /* prevent overflow */
+                return NULL;
+
+        ret = malloc(l + 1);
+        if (!ret)
+                return NULL;
+
+        ((uint8_t*) ret)[l] = 0;
+        return memcpy_safe(ret, p, l);
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc(
+                void **p,
+                size_t need,
+                size_t size) {
+
+        size_t a, newalloc;
+        void *q;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* We use malloc_usable_size() for determining the current allocated size. On all systems we care
+         * about this should be safe to rely on. Should there ever arise the need to avoid relying on this we
+         * can instead locally fall back to realloc() on every call, rounded up to the next exponent of 2 or
+         * so. */
+
+        if (*p && (size == 0 || (MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*p) / size >= need)))
+                return *p;
+
+        if (_unlikely_(need > SIZE_MAX/2)) /* Overflow check */
+                return NULL;
+        newalloc = need * 2;
+
+        if (size_multiply_overflow(newalloc, size))
+                return NULL;
+        a = newalloc * size;
+
+        if (a < 64) /* Allocate at least 64 bytes */
+                a = 64;
+
+        q = realloc(*p, a);
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return *p = q;
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc0(
+                void **p,
+                size_t need,
+                size_t size) {
+
+        size_t before, after;
+        uint8_t *q;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        before = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*p); /* malloc_usable_size() will return 0 on NULL input, as per docs */
+
+        q = greedy_realloc(p, need, size);
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        after = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(q);
+
+        if (size == 0) /* avoid division by zero */
+                before = 0;
+        else
+                before = (before / size) * size; /* Round down */
+
+        if (after > before)
+                memzero(q + before, after - before);
+
+        return q;
+}
+
+void *expand_to_usable(void *ptr, size_t newsize _unused_) {
+        return ptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/alloc-util.h b/src/basic/alloc-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2659219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/alloc-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <alloca.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER
+#  include <sanitizer/msan_interface.h>
+#endif
+
+typedef void (*free_func_t)(void *p);
+typedef void* (*mfree_func_t)(void *p);
+
+/* If for some reason more than 4M are allocated on the stack, let's abort immediately. It's better than
+ * proceeding and smashing the stack limits. Note that by default RLIMIT_STACK is 8M on Linux. */
+#define ALLOCA_MAX (4U*1024U*1024U)
+
+#define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply((n), sizeof(t)))
+
+#define new0(t, n) ((t*) calloc((n) ?: 1, sizeof(t)))
+
+#define alloca_safe(n)                                                  \
+        ({                                                              \
+                size_t _nn_ = n;                                        \
+                assert(_nn_ <= ALLOCA_MAX);                             \
+                alloca(_nn_ == 0 ? 1 : _nn_);                           \
+        })                                                              \
+
+#define newa(t, n)                                                      \
+        ({                                                              \
+                size_t _n_ = n;                                         \
+                assert(!size_multiply_overflow(sizeof(t), _n_));        \
+                (t*) alloca_safe(sizeof(t)*_n_);                        \
+        })
+
+#define newa0(t, n)                                                     \
+        ({                                                              \
+                size_t _n_ = n;                                         \
+                assert(!size_multiply_overflow(sizeof(t), _n_));        \
+                (t*) alloca0((sizeof(t)*_n_));                          \
+        })
+
+#define newdup(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_multiply(p, (n), sizeof(t)))
+
+#define newdup_suffix0(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_suffix0_multiply(p, (n), sizeof(t)))
+
+#define malloc0(n) (calloc(1, (n) ?: 1))
+
+#define free_and_replace_full(a, b, free_func)  \
+        ({                                      \
+                typeof(a)* _a = &(a);           \
+                typeof(b)* _b = &(b);           \
+                free_func(*_a);                 \
+                *_a = *_b;                      \
+                *_b = NULL;                     \
+                0;                              \
+        })
+
+#define free_and_replace(a, b)                  \
+        free_and_replace_full(a, b, free)
+
+/* This is similar to free_and_replace_full(), but NULL is not assigned to 'b', and its reference counter is
+ * increased. */
+#define unref_and_replace_full(a, b, ref_func, unref_func)      \
+        ({                                       \
+                typeof(a)* _a = &(a);            \
+                typeof(b) _b = ref_func(b);      \
+                unref_func(*_a);                 \
+                *_a = _b;                        \
+                0;                               \
+        })
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) _alloc_(2);
+void* memdup_suffix0(const void *p, size_t l); /* We can't use _alloc_() here, since we return a buffer one byte larger than the specified size */
+
+#define memdupa(p, l)                           \
+        ({                                      \
+                void *_q_;                      \
+                size_t _l_ = l;                 \
+                _q_ = alloca_safe(_l_);         \
+                memcpy_safe(_q_, p, _l_);       \
+        })
+
+#define memdupa_suffix0(p, l)                   \
+        ({                                      \
+                void *_q_;                      \
+                size_t _l_ = l;                 \
+                _q_ = alloca_safe(_l_ + 1);     \
+                ((uint8_t*) _q_)[_l_] = 0;      \
+                memcpy_safe(_q_, p, _l_);       \
+        })
+
+static inline void unsetp(void *p) {
+        /* A trivial "destructor" that can be used in cases where we want to
+         * unset a pointer from a _cleanup_ function. */
+
+        *(void**)p = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void freep(void *p) {
+        *(void**)p = mfree(*(void**) p);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
+
+static inline bool size_multiply_overflow(size_t size, size_t need) {
+        return _unlikely_(need != 0 && size > (SIZE_MAX / need));
+}
+
+_malloc_ _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t need, size_t size) {
+        if (size_multiply_overflow(size, need))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return malloc(size * need ?: 1);
+}
+
+#if !HAVE_REALLOCARRAY
+_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *reallocarray(void *p, size_t need, size_t size) {
+        if (size_multiply_overflow(size, need))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return realloc(p, size * need ?: 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t need, size_t size) {
+        if (size_multiply_overflow(size, need))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return memdup(p, size * need);
+}
+
+/* Note that we can't decorate this function with _alloc_() since the returned memory area is one byte larger
+ * than the product of its parameters. */
+static inline void *memdup_suffix0_multiply(const void *p, size_t need, size_t size) {
+        if (size_multiply_overflow(size, need))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return memdup_suffix0(p, size * need);
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t need, size_t size);
+void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t need, size_t size);
+
+#define GREEDY_REALLOC(array, need)                                     \
+        greedy_realloc((void**) &(array), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define GREEDY_REALLOC0(array, need)                                    \
+        greedy_realloc0((void**) &(array), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define alloca0(n)                                      \
+        ({                                              \
+                char *_new_;                            \
+                size_t _len_ = n;                       \
+                _new_ = alloca_safe(_len_);             \
+                memset(_new_, 0, _len_);                \
+        })
+
+/* It's not clear what alignment glibc/gcc alloca() guarantee, hence provide a guaranteed safe version */
+#define alloca_align(size, align)                                       \
+        ({                                                              \
+                void *_ptr_;                                            \
+                size_t _mask_ = (align) - 1;                            \
+                size_t _size_ = size;                                   \
+                _ptr_ = alloca_safe(_size_ + _mask_);                   \
+                (void*)(((uintptr_t)_ptr_ + _mask_) & ~_mask_);         \
+        })
+
+#define alloca0_align(size, align)                                      \
+        ({                                                              \
+                void *_new_;                                            \
+                size_t _xsize_ = (size);                                \
+                _new_ = alloca_align(_xsize_, (align));                 \
+                memset(_new_, 0, _xsize_);                              \
+        })
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER
+#  define msan_unpoison(r, s) __msan_unpoison(r, s)
+#else
+#  define msan_unpoison(r, s)
+#endif
+
+/* Dummy allocator to tell the compiler that the new size of p is newsize. The implementation returns the
+ * pointer as is; the only reason for its existence is as a conduit for the _alloc_ attribute.  This must not
+ * be inlined (hence a non-static function with _noinline_ because LTO otherwise tries to inline it) because
+ * gcc then loses the attributes on the function.
+ * See: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96503 */
+void *expand_to_usable(void *p, size_t newsize) _alloc_(2) _returns_nonnull_ _noinline_;
+
+static inline size_t malloc_sizeof_safe(void **xp) {
+        if (_unlikely_(!xp || !*xp))
+                return 0;
+
+        size_t sz = malloc_usable_size(*xp);
+        *xp = expand_to_usable(*xp, sz);
+        /* GCC doesn't see the _returns_nonnull_ when built with ubsan, so yet another hint to make it doubly
+         * clear that expand_to_usable won't return NULL.
+         * See: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=79265 */
+        if (!*xp)
+                assert_not_reached();
+        return sz;
+}
+
+/* This returns the number of usable bytes in a malloc()ed region as per malloc_usable_size(), which may
+ * return a value larger than the size that was actually allocated. Access to that additional memory is
+ * discouraged because it violates the C standard; a compiler cannot see that this as valid. To help the
+ * compiler out, the MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE macro 'allocates' the usable size using a dummy allocator function
+ * expand_to_usable. There is a possibility of malloc_usable_size() returning different values during the
+ * lifetime of an object, which may cause problems, but the glibc allocator does not do that at the moment. */
+#define MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(x) \
+        malloc_sizeof_safe((void**) &__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(x), (void*) { NULL }, (x)))
+
+/* Inspired by ELEMENTSOF() but operates on malloc()'ed memory areas: typesafely returns the number of items
+ * that fit into the specified memory block */
+#define MALLOC_ELEMENTSOF(x) \
+        (__builtin_choose_expr(                                         \
+                __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(x), typeof(&*(x))), \
+                MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(x)/sizeof((x)[0]),                   \
+                VOID_0))
+
+
+/* These are like strdupa()/strndupa(), but honour ALLOCA_MAX */
+#define strdupa_safe(s)                                                 \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const char *_t = (s);                                   \
+                (char*) memdupa_suffix0(_t, strlen(_t));                \
+        })
+
+#define strndupa_safe(s, n)                                             \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const char *_t = (s);                                   \
+                (char*) memdupa_suffix0(_t, strnlen(_t, (n)));          \
+        })
+
+#include "memory-util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/architecture.c b/src/basic/architecture.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..773ee3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/architecture.c
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+
+#include "architecture.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+Architecture uname_architecture(void) {
+
+        /* Return a sanitized enum identifying the architecture we are running on. This
+         * is based on uname(), and the user may hence control what this returns by using
+         * personality(). This puts the user in control on systems that can run binaries
+         * of multiple architectures.
+         *
+         * We do not translate the string returned by uname() 1:1. Instead we try to
+         * clean it up and break down the confusion on x86 and arm in particular.
+         *
+         * We try to distinguish CPUs, not CPU features, i.e. actual architectures that
+         * have genuinely different code. */
+
+        static const struct {
+                const char *machine;
+                Architecture arch;
+        } arch_map[] = {
+#if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__arm__)
+                { "aarch64",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM64    },
+                { "aarch64_be", ARCHITECTURE_ARM64_BE },
+                { "armv8l",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv8b",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv7ml",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv7mb",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv7l",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv7b",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv6l",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv6b",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv5tl",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv5tel",   ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv5tejl",  ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv5tejb",  ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv5teb",   ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv5tb",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv4tl",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv4tb",    ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+                { "armv4l",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM      },
+                { "armv4b",     ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE   },
+
+#elif defined(__alpha__)
+                { "alpha" ,     ARCHITECTURE_ALPHA    },
+
+#elif defined(__arc__)
+                { "arc",        ARCHITECTURE_ARC      },
+                { "arceb",      ARCHITECTURE_ARC_BE   },
+
+#elif defined(__cris__)
+                { "crisv32",    ARCHITECTURE_CRIS     },
+
+#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+                { "x86_64",     ARCHITECTURE_X86_64   },
+                { "i686",       ARCHITECTURE_X86      },
+                { "i586",       ARCHITECTURE_X86      },
+                { "i486",       ARCHITECTURE_X86      },
+                { "i386",       ARCHITECTURE_X86      },
+
+#elif defined(__ia64__)
+                { "ia64",       ARCHITECTURE_IA64     },
+
+#elif defined(__hppa__) || defined(__hppa64__)
+                { "parisc64",   ARCHITECTURE_PARISC64 },
+                { "parisc",     ARCHITECTURE_PARISC   },
+
+#elif defined(__loongarch64)
+                { "loongarch64", ARCHITECTURE_LOONGARCH64 },
+
+#elif defined(__m68k__)
+                { "m68k",       ARCHITECTURE_M68K     },
+
+#elif defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips64__)
+                { "mips64",     ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64   },
+                { "mips",       ARCHITECTURE_MIPS     },
+
+#elif defined(__nios2__)
+                { "nios2",      ARCHITECTURE_NIOS2    },
+
+#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+                { "ppc64le",    ARCHITECTURE_PPC64_LE },
+                { "ppc64",      ARCHITECTURE_PPC64    },
+                { "ppcle",      ARCHITECTURE_PPC_LE   },
+                { "ppc",        ARCHITECTURE_PPC      },
+
+#elif defined(__riscv)
+                { "riscv64",    ARCHITECTURE_RISCV64  },
+                { "riscv32",    ARCHITECTURE_RISCV32  },
+#  if __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
+                { "riscv",      ARCHITECTURE_RISCV32  },
+#  elif __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 8
+                { "riscv",      ARCHITECTURE_RISCV64  },
+#  endif
+
+#elif defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__)
+                { "s390x",      ARCHITECTURE_S390X    },
+                { "s390",       ARCHITECTURE_S390     },
+
+#elif defined(__sh__) || defined(__sh64__)
+                { "sh5",        ARCHITECTURE_SH64     },
+                { "sh4a",       ARCHITECTURE_SH       },
+                { "sh4",        ARCHITECTURE_SH       },
+                { "sh3",        ARCHITECTURE_SH       },
+                { "sh2a",       ARCHITECTURE_SH       },
+                { "sh2",        ARCHITECTURE_SH       },
+
+#elif defined(__sparc__)
+                { "sparc64",    ARCHITECTURE_SPARC64  },
+                { "sparc",      ARCHITECTURE_SPARC    },
+
+#elif defined(__tilegx__)
+                { "tilegx",     ARCHITECTURE_TILEGX   },
+
+#else
+#  error "Please register your architecture here!"
+#endif
+        };
+
+        static Architecture cached = _ARCHITECTURE_INVALID;
+        struct utsname u;
+
+        if (cached != _ARCHITECTURE_INVALID)
+                return cached;
+
+        assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(arch_map); i++)
+                if (streq(arch_map[i].machine, u.machine))
+                        return cached = arch_map[i].arch;
+
+        assert_not_reached();
+        return _ARCHITECTURE_INVALID;
+}
+
+/* Maintain same order as in the table above. */
+static const char *const architecture_table[_ARCHITECTURE_MAX] = {
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARM64]       = "arm64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARM64_BE]    = "arm64-be",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARM]         = "arm",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE]      = "arm-be",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ALPHA]       = "alpha",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARC]         = "arc",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_ARC_BE]      = "arc-be",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_CRIS]        = "cris",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_X86_64]      = "x86-64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_X86]         = "x86",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_IA64]        = "ia64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_LOONGARCH64] = "loongarch64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_M68K]        = "m68k",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64_LE]   = "mips64-le",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64]      = "mips64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_MIPS_LE]     = "mips-le",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_MIPS]        = "mips",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_NIOS2]       = "nios2",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PARISC64]    = "parisc64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PARISC]      = "parisc",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PPC64_LE]    = "ppc64-le",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PPC64]       = "ppc64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PPC]         = "ppc",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_PPC_LE]      = "ppc-le",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_RISCV32]     = "riscv32",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_RISCV64]     = "riscv64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_S390X]       = "s390x",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_S390]        = "s390",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_SH64]        = "sh64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_SH]          = "sh",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_SPARC64]     = "sparc64",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_SPARC]       = "sparc",
+        [ARCHITECTURE_TILEGX]      = "tilegx",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(architecture, Architecture);
diff --git a/src/basic/architecture.h b/src/basic/architecture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b86f5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/architecture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <endian.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+/* A cleaned up architecture definition. We don't want to get lost in
+ * processor features, models, generations or even ABIs. Hence we
+ * focus on general family, and distinguish word width and endianness. */
+
+typedef enum {
+        ARCHITECTURE_ALPHA,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARC,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARC_BE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARM,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARM64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARM64_BE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_CRIS,
+        ARCHITECTURE_IA64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_LOONGARCH64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_M68K,
+        ARCHITECTURE_MIPS,
+        ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64_LE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_MIPS_LE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_NIOS2,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PARISC,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PARISC64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PPC,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PPC64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PPC64_LE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_PPC_LE,
+        ARCHITECTURE_RISCV32,
+        ARCHITECTURE_RISCV64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_S390,
+        ARCHITECTURE_S390X,
+        ARCHITECTURE_SH,
+        ARCHITECTURE_SH64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_SPARC,
+        ARCHITECTURE_SPARC64,
+        ARCHITECTURE_TILEGX,
+        ARCHITECTURE_X86,
+        ARCHITECTURE_X86_64,
+        _ARCHITECTURE_MAX,
+        _ARCHITECTURE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} Architecture;
+
+Architecture uname_architecture(void);
+
+/*
+ * LIB_ARCH_TUPLE should resolve to the local library path
+ * architecture tuple systemd is built for, according to the Debian
+ * tuple list:
+ *
+ * https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/Tuples
+ *
+ * This is used in library search paths that should understand
+ * Debian's paths on all distributions.
+ */
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_X86_64
+#  if defined(__ILP32__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "x86_64-linux-gnux32"
+#  else
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "x86_64-linux-gnu"
+#  endif
+#  define ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY ARCHITECTURE_X86
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_X86
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "i386-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__powerpc64__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PPC64
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "ppc64-linux-gnu"
+#    define ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY ARCHITECTURE_PPC
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PPC64_LE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE  "powerpc64le-linux-gnu"
+#    define ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY ARCHITECTURE_PPC_LE
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PPC
+#    if defined(__NO_FPRS__)
+#      define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "powerpc-linux-gnuspe"
+#    else
+#      define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "powerpc-linux-gnu"
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PPC_LE
+#    error "Missing LIB_ARCH_TUPLE for PPCLE"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__ia64__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_IA64
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "ia64-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__hppa64__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PARISC64
+#  error "Missing LIB_ARCH_TUPLE for HPPA64"
+#elif defined(__hppa__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_PARISC
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "hppa‑linux‑gnu"
+#elif defined(__s390x__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_S390X
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "s390x-linux-gnu"
+#  define ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY ARCHITECTURE_S390
+#elif defined(__s390__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_S390
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "s390-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__sparc__) && defined (__arch64__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_SPARC64
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sparc64-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__sparc__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_SPARC
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sparc-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__mips64) && defined(__LP64__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mips64-linux-gnuabi64"
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64_LE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mips64el-linux-gnuabi64"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__mips64)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mips64-linux-gnuabin32"
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS64_LE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mips64el-linux-gnuabin32"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__mips__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mips-linux-gnu"
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_MIPS_LE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "mipsel-linux-gnu"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__alpha__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ALPHA
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "alpha-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARM64_BE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "aarch64_be-linux-gnu"
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARM64
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "aarch64-linux-gnu"
+#    define ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY ARCHITECTURE_ARM
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARM_BE
+#    if defined(__ARM_EABI__)
+#      if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
+#        define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "armeb-linux-gnueabihf"
+#      else
+#        define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "armeb-linux-gnueabi"
+#      endif
+#    else
+#      define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "armeb-linux-gnu"
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARM
+#    if defined(__ARM_EABI__)
+#      if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
+#        define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "arm-linux-gnueabihf"
+#      else
+#        define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "arm-linux-gnueabi"
+#      endif
+#    else
+#      define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "arm-linux-gnu"
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__sh64__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_SH64
+#  error "Missing LIB_ARCH_TUPLE for SH64"
+#elif defined(__sh__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_SH
+#  if defined(__SH1__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh1-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH2__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh2-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH2A__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh2a-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH2E__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh2e-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH3__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh3-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH3E__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh3e-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH4__) && !defined(__SH4A__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh4-linux-gnu"
+#  elif defined(__SH4A__)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "sh4a-linux-gnu"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_LOONGARCH64
+#  if defined(__loongarch_double_float)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "loongarch64-linux-gnuf64"
+#  elif defined(__loongarch_single_float)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "loongarch64-linux-gnuf32"
+#  elif defined(__loongarch_soft_float)
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "loongarch64-linux-gnusf"
+#  else
+#    error "Unrecognized loongarch architecture variant"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__m68k__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_M68K
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "m68k-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__tilegx__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_TILEGX
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "tilegx-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__cris__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_CRIS
+#  error "Missing LIB_ARCH_TUPLE for CRIS"
+#elif defined(__nios2__)
+#  define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_NIOS2
+#  define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "nios2-linux-gnu"
+#elif defined(__riscv)
+#  if __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_RISCV32
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "riscv32-linux-gnu"
+#  elif __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 8
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_RISCV64
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "riscv64-linux-gnu"
+#  else
+#    error "Unrecognized riscv architecture variant"
+#  endif
+#elif defined(__arc__)
+#  if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARC_BE
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "arceb-linux"
+#  else
+#    define native_architecture() ARCHITECTURE_ARC
+#    define LIB_ARCH_TUPLE "arc-linux"
+#  endif
+#else
+#  error "Please register your architecture here!"
+#endif
+
+const char *architecture_to_string(Architecture a) _const_;
+Architecture architecture_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/arphrd-to-name.awk b/src/basic/arphrd-to-name.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302504b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/arphrd-to-name.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+BEGIN{
+        print "const char *arphrd_to_name(int id) {"
+        print "        switch (id) {"
+}
+!/^HDLC$/ {
+        printf "        case ARPHRD_%s: return \"%s\";\n", $1, $1
+}
+END{
+        print "        default: return NULL;"
+        print "        }"
+        print "}"
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/arphrd-util.c b/src/basic/arphrd-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ea2c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/arphrd-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <linux/if_arp.h>
+#include <linux/if_infiniband.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "arphrd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static const struct arphrd_name* lookup_arphrd(register const char *str, register GPERF_LEN_TYPE len);
+
+#include "arphrd-from-name.h"
+#include "arphrd-to-name.h"
+
+int arphrd_from_name(const char *name) {
+        const struct arphrd_name *sc;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        sc = lookup_arphrd(name, strlen(name));
+        if (!sc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return sc->id;
+}
+
+size_t arphrd_to_hw_addr_len(uint16_t arphrd) {
+        switch (arphrd) {
+        case ARPHRD_ETHER:
+                return ETH_ALEN;
+        case ARPHRD_INFINIBAND:
+                return INFINIBAND_ALEN;
+        case ARPHRD_TUNNEL:
+        case ARPHRD_SIT:
+        case ARPHRD_IPGRE:
+                return sizeof(struct in_addr);
+        case ARPHRD_TUNNEL6:
+        case ARPHRD_IP6GRE:
+                return sizeof(struct in6_addr);
+        default:
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/arphrd-util.h b/src/basic/arphrd-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33f5694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/arphrd-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+const char *arphrd_to_name(int id);
+int arphrd_from_name(const char *name);
+
+size_t arphrd_to_hw_addr_len(uint16_t arphrd);
diff --git a/src/basic/async.c b/src/basic/async.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..443cfa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/async.c
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "async.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int asynchronous_job(void* (*func)(void *p), void *arg) {
+        sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
+        pthread_attr_t a;
+        pthread_t t;
+        int r, k;
+
+        /* It kinda sucks that we have to resort to threads to implement an asynchronous close(), but well, such is
+         * life. */
+
+        r = pthread_attr_init(&a);
+        if (r > 0)
+                return -r;
+
+        r = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&a, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                r = -r;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
+
+        /* Block all signals before forking off the thread, so that the new thread is started with all signals
+         * blocked. This way the existence of the new thread won't affect signal handling in other threads. */
+
+        r = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &saved_ss);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                r = -r;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = pthread_create(&t, &a, func, arg);
+
+        k = pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL);
+
+        if (r > 0)
+                r = -r;
+        else if (k > 0)
+                r = -k;
+        else
+                r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        pthread_attr_destroy(&a);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int asynchronous_sync(pid_t *ret_pid) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* This forks off an invocation of fork() as a child process, in order to initiate synchronization to
+         * disk. Note that we implement this as helper process rather than thread as we don't want the sync() to hang our
+         * original process ever, and a thread would do that as the process can't exit with threads hanging in blocking
+         * syscalls. */
+
+        r = safe_fork("(sd-sync)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS, ret_pid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                /* Child process */
+                (void) sync();
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void *close_thread(void *p) {
+        (void) pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "close");
+
+        assert_se(close_nointr(PTR_TO_FD(p)) != -EBADF);
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int asynchronous_close(int fd) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* This is supposed to behave similar to safe_close(), but
+         * actually invoke close() asynchronously, so that it will
+         * never block. Ideally the kernel would have an API for this,
+         * but it doesn't, so we work around it, and hide this as a
+         * far away as we can. */
+
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+                r = asynchronous_job(close_thread, FD_TO_PTR(fd));
+                if (r < 0)
+                         assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/async.h b/src/basic/async.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0bbaa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/async.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+int asynchronous_job(void* (*func)(void *p), void *arg);
+
+int asynchronous_sync(pid_t *ret_pid);
+int asynchronous_close(int fd);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(int, asynchronous_close);
diff --git a/src/basic/audit-util.c b/src/basic/audit-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2dce20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/audit-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/audit.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "audit-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        uint32_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(id);
+
+        /* We don't convert ENOENT to ESRCH here, since we can't
+         * really distinguish between "audit is not available in the
+         * kernel" and "the process does not exist", both which will
+         * result in ENOENT. */
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "sessionid");
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = safe_atou32(s, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!audit_session_is_valid(u))
+                return -ENODATA;
+
+        *id = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int audit_loginuid_from_pid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        uid_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(uid);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "loginuid");
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = parse_uid(s, &u);
+        if (r == -ENXIO) /* the UID was -1 */
+                return -ENODATA;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *uid = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int try_audit_request(int fd) {
+        struct iovec iov;
+        struct msghdr mh;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        struct {
+                struct nlmsghdr hdr;
+                struct nlmsgerr err;
+        } _packed_ msg = {
+                .hdr.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(0),
+                .hdr.nlmsg_type = AUDIT_GET_FEATURE,
+                .hdr.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK,
+        };
+        iov = (struct iovec) {
+                .iov_base = &msg,
+                .iov_len = msg.hdr.nlmsg_len,
+        };
+        mh = (struct msghdr) {
+                .msg_iov = &iov,
+                .msg_iovlen = 1,
+        };
+
+        if (sendmsg(fd, &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        iov.iov_len = sizeof(msg);
+
+        n = recvmsg_safe(fd, &mh, 0);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (n != NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct nlmsgerr)))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (msg.hdr.nlmsg_type != NLMSG_ERROR)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return msg.err.error;
+}
+
+bool use_audit(void) {
+        static int cached_use = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        if (cached_use < 0) {
+                int fd;
+
+                fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, NETLINK_AUDIT);
+                if (fd < 0) {
+                        cached_use = !IN_SET(errno, EAFNOSUPPORT, EPROTONOSUPPORT, EPERM);
+                        if (!cached_use)
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Won't talk to audit: %m");
+                } else {
+                        /* If we try and use the audit fd but get -ECONNREFUSED, it is because
+                         * we are not in the initial user namespace, and the kernel does not
+                         * have support for audit outside of the initial user namespace
+                         * (see https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/C/ident/audit_netlink_ok).
+                         *
+                         * If we receive any other error, do not disable audit because we are not
+                         * sure that the error indicates that audit will not work in general. */
+                        r = try_audit_request(fd);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                cached_use = r != -ECONNREFUSED;
+                                log_debug_errno(r, cached_use ?
+                                                   "Failed to make request on audit fd, ignoring: %m" :
+                                                   "Won't talk to audit: %m");
+                        } else
+                                cached_use = true;
+
+                        safe_close(fd);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return cached_use;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/audit-util.h b/src/basic/audit-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..964082b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/audit-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#define AUDIT_SESSION_INVALID UINT32_MAX
+
+int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id);
+int audit_loginuid_from_pid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid);
+
+bool use_audit(void);
+
+static inline bool audit_session_is_valid(uint32_t id) {
+        return id > 0 && id != AUDIT_SESSION_INVALID;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/build.c b/src/basic/build.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a15f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/build.c
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "build.h"
+
+const char* const systemd_features =
+
+        /* PAM and MAC frameworks */
+
+#if HAVE_PAM
+        "+PAM"
+#else
+        "-PAM"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_AUDIT
+        " +AUDIT"
+#else
+        " -AUDIT"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SELINUX
+        " +SELINUX"
+#else
+        " -SELINUX"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_APPARMOR
+        " +APPARMOR"
+#else
+        " -APPARMOR"
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_IMA
+        " +IMA"
+#else
+        " -IMA"
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_SMACK
+        " +SMACK"
+#else
+        " -SMACK"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SECCOMP
+        " +SECCOMP"
+#else
+        " -SECCOMP"
+#endif
+
+        /* cryptographic libraries */
+
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+        " +GCRYPT"
+#else
+        " -GCRYPT"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_GNUTLS
+        " +GNUTLS"
+#else
+        " -GNUTLS"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_OPENSSL
+        " +OPENSSL"
+#else
+        " -OPENSSL"
+#endif
+
+        /* all other libraries, sorted alphabetically */
+
+#if HAVE_ACL
+        " +ACL"
+#else
+        " -ACL"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_BLKID
+        " +BLKID"
+#else
+        " -BLKID"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBCURL
+        " +CURL"
+#else
+        " -CURL"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ELFUTILS
+        " +ELFUTILS"
+#else
+        " -ELFUTILS"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBFIDO2
+        " +FIDO2"
+#else
+        " -FIDO2"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBIDN2
+        " +IDN2"
+#else
+        " -IDN2"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBIDN
+        " +IDN"
+#else
+        " -IDN"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBIPTC
+        " +IPTC"
+#else
+        " -IPTC"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_KMOD
+        " +KMOD"
+#else
+        " -KMOD"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBCRYPTSETUP
+        " +LIBCRYPTSETUP"
+#else
+        " -LIBCRYPTSETUP"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LIBFDISK
+        " +LIBFDISK"
+#else
+        " -LIBFDISK"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_PCRE2
+        " +PCRE2"
+#else
+        " -PCRE2"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_PWQUALITY
+        " +PWQUALITY"
+#else
+        " -PWQUALITY"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_P11KIT
+        " +P11KIT"
+#else
+        " -P11KIT"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_QRENCODE
+        " +QRENCODE"
+#else
+        " -QRENCODE"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_TPM2
+        " +TPM2"
+#else
+        " -TPM2"
+#endif
+
+        /* compressors */
+
+#if HAVE_BZIP2
+        " +BZIP2"
+#else
+        " -BZIP2"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        " +LZ4"
+#else
+        " -LZ4"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        " +XZ"
+#else
+        " -XZ"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ZLIB
+        " +ZLIB"
+#else
+        " -ZLIB"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        " +ZSTD"
+#else
+        " -ZSTD"
+#endif
+
+        /* other stuff that doesn't fit above */
+
+#if BPF_FRAMEWORK
+        " +BPF_FRAMEWORK"
+#else
+        " -BPF_FRAMEWORK"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_XKBCOMMON
+        " +XKBCOMMON"
+#else
+        " -XKBCOMMON"
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_UTMP
+        " +UTMP"
+#else
+        " -UTMP"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        " +SYSVINIT"
+#else
+        " -SYSVINIT"
+#endif
+
+        " default-hierarchy=" DEFAULT_HIERARCHY_NAME
+        ;
diff --git a/src/basic/build.h b/src/basic/build.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87276bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/build.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "version.h"
+
+extern const char* const systemd_features;
diff --git a/src/basic/bus-label.c b/src/basic/bus-label.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d33fc92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/bus-label.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-label.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+char *bus_label_escape(const char *s) {
+        char *r, *t;
+        const char *f;
+
+        assert_return(s, NULL);
+
+        /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
+         * with. Can be reversed with bus_path_unescape(). We special
+         * case the empty string. */
+
+        if (*s == 0)
+                return strdup("_");
+
+        r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
+
+                /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
+
+                if (!ascii_isalpha(*f) &&
+                    !(f > s && ascii_isdigit(*f))) {
+                        *(t++) = '_';
+                        *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
+                        *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
+                } else
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+char *bus_label_unescape_n(const char *f, size_t l) {
+        char *r, *t;
+        size_t i;
+
+        assert_return(f, NULL);
+
+        /* Special case for the empty string */
+        if (l == 1 && *f == '_')
+                return strdup("");
+
+        r = new(char, l + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (i = 0, t = r; i < l; ++i) {
+                if (f[i] == '_') {
+                        int a, b;
+
+                        if (l - i < 3 ||
+                            (a = unhexchar(f[i + 1])) < 0 ||
+                            (b = unhexchar(f[i + 2])) < 0) {
+                                /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
+                                *(t++) = '_';
+                        } else {
+                                *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
+                                i += 2;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        *(t++) = f[i];
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/bus-label.h b/src/basic/bus-label.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..446daba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/bus-label.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+char *bus_label_escape(const char *s);
+char *bus_label_unescape_n(const char *f, size_t l);
+
+static inline char *bus_label_unescape(const char *f) {
+        return bus_label_unescape_n(f, strlen_ptr(f));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/cap-list.c b/src/basic/cap-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc7948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/cap-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "cap-list.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+static const struct capability_name* lookup_capability(register const char *str, register GPERF_LEN_TYPE len);
+
+#include "cap-from-name.h"
+#include "cap-to-name.h"
+
+const char *capability_to_name(int id) {
+        if (id < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if ((size_t) id >= ELEMENTSOF(capability_names))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return capability_names[id];
+}
+
+int capability_from_name(const char *name) {
+        const struct capability_name *sc;
+        int r, i;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* Try to parse numeric capability */
+        r = safe_atoi(name, &i);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                if (i >= 0 && i < 64)
+                        return i;
+                else
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        /* Try to parse string capability */
+        sc = lookup_capability(name, strlen(name));
+        if (!sc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return sc->id;
+}
+
+/* This is the number of capability names we are *compiled* with.
+ * For the max capability number of the currently-running kernel,
+ * use cap_last_cap(). */
+int capability_list_length(void) {
+        return (int) ELEMENTSOF(capability_names);
+}
+
+int capability_set_to_string_alloc(uint64_t set, char **s) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *str = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++)
+                if (set & (UINT64_C(1) << i)) {
+                        const char *p;
+                        char buf[2 + 16 + 1];
+                        size_t add;
+
+                        p = capability_to_name(i);
+                        if (!p) {
+                                xsprintf(buf, "0x%x", i);
+                                p = buf;
+                        }
+
+                        add = strlen(p);
+
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(str, n + add + 2))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        strcpy(mempcpy(str + n, p, add), " ");
+                        n += add + 1;
+                }
+
+        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(str, n + 1))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        str[n > 0 ? n - 1 : 0] = '\0'; /* truncate the last space, if it's there */
+
+        *s = TAKE_PTR(str);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int capability_set_from_string(const char *s, uint64_t *set) {
+        uint64_t val = 0;
+
+        assert(set);
+
+        for (const char *p = s;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return r;
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = capability_from_name(word);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                val |= ((uint64_t) UINT64_C(1)) << (uint64_t) r;
+        }
+
+        *set = val;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/cap-list.h b/src/basic/cap-list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71235d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/cap-list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+const char *capability_to_name(int id);
+int capability_from_name(const char *name);
+int capability_list_length(void);
+
+int capability_set_to_string_alloc(uint64_t set, char **s);
+int capability_set_from_string(const char *s, uint64_t *set);
diff --git a/src/basic/cap-to-name.awk b/src/basic/cap-to-name.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd8a28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/cap-to-name.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+BEGIN{
+        print "static const char* const capability_names[] = { "
+}
+{
+        printf "        [%s] = \"%s\",\n", $1, tolower($1)
+}
+END{
+        print "};"
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/capability-util.c b/src/basic/capability-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9c0b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/capability-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "cap-list.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_prctl.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int have_effective_cap(int value) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t cap = NULL;
+        cap_flag_value_t fv = CAP_CLEAR; /* To avoid false-positive use-of-uninitialized-value error reported
+                                          * by fuzzers. */
+
+        cap = cap_get_proc();
+        if (!cap)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (cap_get_flag(cap, value, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fv == CAP_SET;
+}
+
+unsigned cap_last_cap(void) {
+        static thread_local unsigned saved;
+        static thread_local bool valid = false;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *content = NULL;
+        unsigned long p = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        if (valid)
+                return saved;
+
+        /* available since linux-3.2 */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap", &content);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                r = safe_atolu(content, &p);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+
+                        if (p > 63) /* Safety for the future: if one day the kernel learns more than 64 caps,
+                                     * then we are in trouble (since we, as much userspace and kernel space
+                                     * store capability masks in uint64_t types). Let's hence protect
+                                     * ourselves against that and always cap at 63 for now. */
+                                p = 63;
+
+                        saved = p;
+                        valid = true;
+                        return p;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* fall back to syscall-probing for pre linux-3.2 */
+        p = MIN((unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP, 63U);
+
+        if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) < 0) {
+
+                /* Hmm, look downwards, until we find one that works */
+                for (p--; p > 0; p--)
+                        if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) >= 0)
+                                break;
+
+        } else {
+
+                /* Hmm, look upwards, until we find one that doesn't work */
+                for (; p < 63; p++)
+                        if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p+1) < 0)
+                                break;
+        }
+
+        saved = p;
+        valid = true;
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int capability_update_inherited_set(cap_t caps, uint64_t set) {
+        /* Add capabilities in the set to the inherited caps, drops capabilities not in the set.
+         * Do not apply them yet. */
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                cap_flag_value_t flag = set & (UINT64_C(1) << i) ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR;
+                cap_value_t v;
+
+                v = (cap_value_t) i;
+
+                if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &v, flag) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int capability_ambient_set_apply(uint64_t set, bool also_inherit) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t caps = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Remove capabilities requested in ambient set, but not in the bounding set */
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                if (set == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (FLAGS_SET(set, (UINT64_C(1) << i)) && prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i) != 1) {
+                        log_debug("Ambient capability %s requested but missing from bounding set,"
+                                        " suppressing automatically.", capability_to_name(i));
+                        set &= ~(UINT64_C(1) << i);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Add the capabilities to the ambient set (an possibly also the inheritable set) */
+
+        /* Check that we can use PR_CAP_AMBIENT or quit early. */
+        if (!ambient_capabilities_supported())
+                return (set & all_capabilities()) == 0 ?
+                        0 : -EOPNOTSUPP; /* if actually no ambient caps are to be set, be silent,
+                                          * otherwise fail recognizably */
+
+        if (also_inherit) {
+                caps = cap_get_proc();
+                if (!caps)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = capability_update_inherited_set(caps, set);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (cap_set_proc(caps) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+
+                if (set & (UINT64_C(1) << i)) {
+
+                        /* Add the capability to the ambient set. */
+                        if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, i, 0, 0) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else {
+
+                        /* Drop the capability so we don't inherit capabilities we didn't ask for. */
+                        r = prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, i, 0, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (r)
+                                if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_LOWER, i, 0, 0) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int capability_gain_cap_setpcap(cap_t *ret_before_caps) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t caps = NULL;
+        cap_flag_value_t fv;
+        caps = cap_get_proc();
+        if (!caps)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (cap_get_flag(caps, CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (fv != CAP_SET) {
+                _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t temp_cap = NULL;
+                static const cap_value_t v = CAP_SETPCAP;
+
+                temp_cap = cap_dup(caps);
+                if (!temp_cap)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (cap_set_flag(temp_cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &v, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (cap_set_proc(temp_cap) < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Can't acquire effective CAP_SETPCAP bit, ignoring: %m");
+
+                /* If we didn't manage to acquire the CAP_SETPCAP bit, we continue anyway, after all this just means
+                 * we'll fail later, when we actually intend to drop some capabilities or try to set securebits. */
+        }
+        if (ret_before_caps)
+                /* Return the capabilities as they have been before setting CAP_SETPCAP */
+                *ret_before_caps = TAKE_PTR(caps);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int capability_bounding_set_drop(uint64_t keep, bool right_now) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t before_cap = NULL, after_cap = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If we are run as PID 1 we will lack CAP_SETPCAP by default
+         * in the effective set (yes, the kernel drops that when
+         * executing init!), so get it back temporarily so that we can
+         * call PR_CAPBSET_DROP. */
+
+        r = capability_gain_cap_setpcap(&before_cap);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        after_cap = cap_dup(before_cap);
+        if (!after_cap)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                cap_value_t v;
+
+                if ((keep & (UINT64_C(1) << i)))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Drop it from the bounding set */
+                if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i) < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+
+                        /* If dropping the capability failed, let's see if we didn't have it in the first place. If so,
+                         * continue anyway, as dropping a capability we didn't have in the first place doesn't really
+                         * matter anyway. */
+                        if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i) != 0)
+                                goto finish;
+                }
+                v = (cap_value_t) i;
+
+                /* Also drop it from the inheritable set, so
+                 * that anything we exec() loses the
+                 * capability for good. */
+                if (cap_set_flag(after_cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &v, CAP_CLEAR) < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                /* If we shall apply this right now drop it
+                 * also from our own capability sets. */
+                if (right_now) {
+                        if (cap_set_flag(after_cap, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &v, CAP_CLEAR) < 0 ||
+                            cap_set_flag(after_cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &v, CAP_CLEAR) < 0) {
+                                r = -errno;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        if (cap_set_proc(after_cap) < 0) {
+                /* If there are no actual changes anyway then let's ignore this error. */
+                if (cap_compare(before_cap, after_cap) != 0)
+                        r = -errno;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int drop_from_file(const char *fn, uint64_t keep) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        uint64_t current, after;
+        uint32_t hi, lo;
+        int r, k;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(fn, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        k = sscanf(p, "%" PRIu32 " %" PRIu32, &lo, &hi);
+        if (k != 2)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        current = (uint64_t) lo | ((uint64_t) hi << 32);
+        after = current & keep;
+
+        if (current == after)
+                return 0;
+
+        lo = after & UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF);
+        hi = (after >> 32) & UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF);
+
+        return write_string_filef(fn, 0, "%" PRIu32 " %" PRIu32, lo, hi);
+}
+
+int capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(uint64_t keep) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = drop_from_file("/proc/sys/kernel/usermodehelper/inheritable", keep);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = drop_from_file("/proc/sys/kernel/usermodehelper/bset", keep);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int drop_privileges(uid_t uid, gid_t gid, uint64_t keep_capabilities) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Unfortunately we cannot leave privilege dropping to PID 1 here, since we want to run as user but
+         * want to keep some capabilities. Since file capabilities have been introduced this cannot be done
+         * across exec() anymore, unless our binary has the capability configured in the file system, which
+         * we want to avoid. */
+
+        if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change group ID: %m");
+
+        r = maybe_setgroups(0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to drop auxiliary groups list: %m");
+
+        /* Ensure we keep the permitted caps across the setresuid(). Note that we do this even if we actually
+         * don't want to keep any capabilities, since we want to be able to drop them from the bounding set
+         * too, and we can only do that if we have capabilities. */
+        if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enable keep capabilities flag: %m");
+
+        if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change user ID: %m");
+
+        if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 0) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to disable keep capabilities flag: %m");
+
+        /* Drop all caps from the bounding set (as well as the inheritable/permitted/effective sets), except
+         * the ones we want to keep */
+        r = capability_bounding_set_drop(keep_capabilities, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to drop capabilities: %m");
+
+        /* Now upgrade the permitted caps we still kept to effective caps */
+        if (keep_capabilities != 0) {
+                cap_value_t bits[log2u64(keep_capabilities) + 1];
+                _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t d = NULL;
+                unsigned i, j = 0;
+
+                d = cap_init();
+                if (!d)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(bits); i++)
+                        if (keep_capabilities & (1ULL << i))
+                                bits[j++] = i;
+
+                /* use enough bits */
+                assert(i == 64 || (keep_capabilities >> i) == 0);
+                /* don't use too many bits */
+                assert(keep_capabilities & (UINT64_C(1) << (i - 1)));
+
+                if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, j, bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
+                    cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, j, bits, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enable capabilities bits: %m");
+
+                if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to increase capabilities: %m");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int drop_capability(cap_value_t cv) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t tmp_cap = NULL;
+
+        tmp_cap = cap_get_proc();
+        if (!tmp_cap)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if ((cap_set_flag(tmp_cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &cv, CAP_CLEAR) < 0) ||
+            (cap_set_flag(tmp_cap, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &cv, CAP_CLEAR) < 0) ||
+            (cap_set_flag(tmp_cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cv, CAP_CLEAR) < 0))
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (cap_set_proc(tmp_cap) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool ambient_capabilities_supported(void) {
+        static int cache = -1;
+
+        if (cache >= 0)
+                return cache;
+
+        /* If PR_CAP_AMBIENT returns something valid, or an unexpected error code we assume that ambient caps are
+         * available. */
+
+        cache = prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET, CAP_KILL, 0, 0) >= 0 ||
+                !IN_SET(errno, EINVAL, EOPNOTSUPP, ENOSYS);
+
+        return cache;
+}
+
+bool capability_quintet_mangle(CapabilityQuintet *q) {
+        uint64_t combined, drop = 0;
+        bool ambient_supported;
+
+        assert(q);
+
+        combined = q->effective | q->bounding | q->inheritable | q->permitted;
+
+        ambient_supported = q->ambient != UINT64_MAX;
+        if (ambient_supported)
+                combined |= q->ambient;
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                unsigned long bit = UINT64_C(1) << i;
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(combined, bit))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i) > 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                drop |= bit;
+
+                log_debug("Not in the current bounding set: %s", capability_to_name(i));
+        }
+
+        q->effective &= ~drop;
+        q->bounding &= ~drop;
+        q->inheritable &= ~drop;
+        q->permitted &= ~drop;
+
+        if (ambient_supported)
+                q->ambient &= ~drop;
+
+        return drop != 0; /* Let the caller know we changed something */
+}
+
+int capability_quintet_enforce(const CapabilityQuintet *q) {
+        _cleanup_cap_free_ cap_t c = NULL, modified = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (q->ambient != UINT64_MAX) {
+                bool changed = false;
+
+                c = cap_get_proc();
+                if (!c)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* In order to raise the ambient caps set we first need to raise the matching
+                 * inheritable + permitted cap */
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                        uint64_t m = UINT64_C(1) << i;
+                        cap_value_t cv = (cap_value_t) i;
+                        cap_flag_value_t old_value_inheritable, old_value_permitted;
+
+                        if ((q->ambient & m) == 0)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (cap_get_flag(c, cv, CAP_INHERITABLE, &old_value_inheritable) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if (cap_get_flag(c, cv, CAP_PERMITTED, &old_value_permitted) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (old_value_inheritable == CAP_SET && old_value_permitted == CAP_SET)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (cap_set_flag(c, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &cv, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if (cap_set_flag(c, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &cv, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        changed = true;
+                }
+
+                if (changed)
+                        if (cap_set_proc(c) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                r = capability_ambient_set_apply(q->ambient, false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (q->inheritable != UINT64_MAX || q->permitted != UINT64_MAX || q->effective != UINT64_MAX) {
+                bool changed = false;
+
+                if (!c) {
+                        c = cap_get_proc();
+                        if (!c)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i <= cap_last_cap(); i++) {
+                        uint64_t m = UINT64_C(1) << i;
+                        cap_value_t cv = (cap_value_t) i;
+
+                        if (q->inheritable != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                cap_flag_value_t old_value, new_value;
+
+                                if (cap_get_flag(c, cv, CAP_INHERITABLE, &old_value) < 0) {
+                                        if (errno == EINVAL) /* If the kernel knows more caps than this
+                                                              * version of libcap, then this will return
+                                                              * EINVAL. In that case, simply ignore it,
+                                                              * pretend it doesn't exist. */
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        return -errno;
+                                }
+
+                                new_value = (q->inheritable & m) ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR;
+
+                                if (old_value != new_value) {
+                                        changed = true;
+
+                                        if (cap_set_flag(c, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, &cv, new_value) < 0)
+                                                return -errno;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (q->permitted != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                cap_flag_value_t old_value, new_value;
+
+                                if (cap_get_flag(c, cv, CAP_PERMITTED, &old_value) < 0) {
+                                        if (errno == EINVAL)
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        return -errno;
+                                }
+
+                                new_value = (q->permitted & m) ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR;
+
+                                if (old_value != new_value) {
+                                        changed = true;
+
+                                        if (cap_set_flag(c, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &cv, new_value) < 0)
+                                                return -errno;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (q->effective != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                cap_flag_value_t old_value, new_value;
+
+                                if (cap_get_flag(c, cv, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &old_value) < 0) {
+                                        if (errno == EINVAL)
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        return -errno;
+                                }
+
+                                new_value = (q->effective & m) ? CAP_SET : CAP_CLEAR;
+
+                                if (old_value != new_value) {
+                                        changed = true;
+
+                                        if (cap_set_flag(c, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cv, new_value) < 0)
+                                                return -errno;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (changed) {
+                        /* In order to change the bounding caps, we need to keep CAP_SETPCAP for a bit
+                         * longer. Let's add it to our list hence for now. */
+                        if (q->bounding != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                cap_value_t cv = CAP_SETPCAP;
+
+                                modified = cap_dup(c);
+                                if (!modified)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                if (cap_set_flag(modified, CAP_PERMITTED, 1, &cv, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+                                if (cap_set_flag(modified, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cv, CAP_SET) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                if (cap_compare(modified, c) == 0) {
+                                        /* No change? then drop this nonsense again */
+                                        cap_free(modified);
+                                        modified = NULL;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* Now, let's enforce the caps for the first time. Note that this is where we acquire
+                         * caps in any of the sets we currently don't have. We have to do this before
+                         * dropping the bounding caps below, since at that point we can never acquire new
+                         * caps in inherited/permitted/effective anymore, but only lose them. */
+                        if (cap_set_proc(modified ?: c) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (q->bounding != UINT64_MAX) {
+                r = capability_bounding_set_drop(q->bounding, false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* If needed, let's now set the caps again, this time in the final version, which differs from what
+         * we have already set only in the CAP_SETPCAP bit, which we needed for dropping the bounding
+         * bits. This call only undoes bits and doesn't acquire any which means the bounding caps don't
+         * matter. */
+        if (modified)
+                if (cap_set_proc(c) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/capability-util.h b/src/basic/capability-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbce545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/capability-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_capability.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#define CAP_ALL UINT64_MAX
+
+unsigned cap_last_cap(void);
+int have_effective_cap(int value);
+int capability_gain_cap_setpcap(cap_t *return_caps);
+int capability_bounding_set_drop(uint64_t keep, bool right_now);
+int capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(uint64_t keep);
+
+int capability_ambient_set_apply(uint64_t set, bool also_inherit);
+int capability_update_inherited_set(cap_t caps, uint64_t ambient_set);
+
+int drop_privileges(uid_t uid, gid_t gid, uint64_t keep_capabilities);
+
+int drop_capability(cap_value_t cv);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(cap_t, cap_free, NULL);
+#define _cleanup_cap_free_ _cleanup_(cap_freep)
+
+static inline void cap_free_charpp(char **p) {
+        if (*p)
+                cap_free(*p);
+}
+#define _cleanup_cap_free_charp_ _cleanup_(cap_free_charpp)
+
+static inline uint64_t all_capabilities(void) {
+        return UINT64_MAX >> (63 - cap_last_cap());
+}
+
+static inline bool cap_test_all(uint64_t caps) {
+        return FLAGS_SET(caps, all_capabilities());
+}
+
+bool ambient_capabilities_supported(void);
+
+/* Identical to linux/capability.h's CAP_TO_MASK(), but uses an unsigned 1U instead of a signed 1 for shifting left, in
+ * order to avoid complaints about shifting a signed int left by 31 bits, which would make it negative. */
+#define CAP_TO_MASK_CORRECTED(x) (1U << ((x) & 31U))
+
+typedef struct CapabilityQuintet {
+        /* Stores all five types of capabilities in one go. Note that we use UINT64_MAX for unset here. This hence
+         * needs to be updated as soon as Linux learns more than 63 caps. */
+        uint64_t effective;
+        uint64_t bounding;
+        uint64_t inheritable;
+        uint64_t permitted;
+        uint64_t ambient;
+} CapabilityQuintet;
+
+assert_cc(CAP_LAST_CAP < 64);
+
+#define CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL { UINT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX }
+
+static inline bool capability_quintet_is_set(const CapabilityQuintet *q) {
+        return q->effective != UINT64_MAX ||
+                q->bounding != UINT64_MAX ||
+                q->inheritable != UINT64_MAX ||
+                q->permitted != UINT64_MAX ||
+                q->ambient != UINT64_MAX;
+}
+
+/* Mangles the specified caps quintet taking the current bounding set into account:
+ * drops all caps from all five sets if our bounding set doesn't allow them.
+ * Returns true if the quintet was modified. */
+bool capability_quintet_mangle(CapabilityQuintet *q);
+
+int capability_quintet_enforce(const CapabilityQuintet *q);
diff --git a/src/basic/cgroup-util.c b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b4731f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2309 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "login-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_magic.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
+
+static int cg_enumerate_items(const char *controller, const char *path, FILE **_f, const char *item) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        FILE *f;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(_f);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, item, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        f = fopen(fs, "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *_f = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_enumerate_processes(const char *controller, const char *path, FILE **_f) {
+        return cg_enumerate_items(controller, path, _f, "cgroup.procs");
+}
+
+int cg_read_pid(FILE *f, pid_t *_pid) {
+        unsigned long ul;
+
+        /* Note that the cgroup.procs might contain duplicates! See
+         * cgroups.txt for details. */
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(_pid);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (fscanf(f, "%lu", &ul) != 1) {
+
+                if (feof(f))
+                        return 0;
+
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+        }
+
+        if (ul <= 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *_pid = (pid_t) ul;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int cg_read_event(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *event,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *events = NULL, *content = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.events", &events);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(events, &content, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (const char *p = content;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *key = NULL, *val = NULL;
+                const char *q;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &line, "\n", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                q = line;
+                r = extract_first_word(&q, &key, " ", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!streq(key, event))
+                        continue;
+
+                val = strdup(q);
+                if (!val)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(val);
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+bool cg_ns_supported(void) {
+        static thread_local int enabled = -1;
+
+        if (enabled >= 0)
+                return enabled;
+
+        if (access("/proc/self/ns/cgroup", F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check whether /proc/self/ns/cgroup is available, assuming not: %m");
+                enabled = false;
+        } else
+                enabled = true;
+
+        return enabled;
+}
+
+bool cg_freezer_supported(void) {
+        static thread_local int supported = -1;
+
+        if (supported >= 0)
+                return supported;
+
+        supported = cg_all_unified() > 0 && access("/sys/fs/cgroup/init.scope/cgroup.freeze", F_OK) == 0;
+
+        return supported;
+}
+
+bool cg_kill_supported(void) {
+        static thread_local int supported = -1;
+
+        if (supported >= 0)
+                return supported;
+
+        if (cg_all_unified() <= 0)
+                supported = false;
+        else if (access("/sys/fs/cgroup/init.scope/cgroup.kill", F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check if cgroup.kill is available, assuming not: %m");
+                supported = false;
+        } else
+                supported = true;
+
+        return supported;
+}
+
+int cg_enumerate_subgroups(const char *controller, const char *path, DIR **_d) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        int r;
+        DIR *d;
+
+        assert(_d);
+
+        /* This is not recursive! */
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        d = opendir(fs);
+        if (!d)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *_d = d;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_read_subgroup(DIR *d, char **fn) {
+        assert(d);
+        assert(fn);
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
+                char *b;
+
+                if (de->d_type != DT_DIR)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (dot_or_dot_dot(de->d_name))
+                        continue;
+
+                b = strdup(de->d_name);
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *fn = b;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_rmdir(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = rmdir(p);
+        if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = cg_hybrid_unified();
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
+                r = cg_rmdir(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_LEGACY, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to remove compat systemd cgroup %s: %m", path);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int cg_kill_items(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                int sig,
+                CGroupFlags flags,
+                Set *s,
+                cg_kill_log_func_t log_kill,
+                void *userdata,
+                const char *item) {
+
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *allocated_set = NULL;
+        bool done = false;
+        int r, ret = 0, ret_log_kill = 0;
+        pid_t my_pid;
+
+        assert(sig >= 0);
+
+         /* Don't send SIGCONT twice. Also, SIGKILL always works even when process is suspended, hence don't send
+          * SIGCONT on SIGKILL. */
+        if (IN_SET(sig, SIGCONT, SIGKILL))
+                flags &= ~CGROUP_SIGCONT;
+
+        /* This goes through the tasks list and kills them all. This
+         * is repeated until no further processes are added to the
+         * tasks list, to properly handle forking processes */
+
+        if (!s) {
+                s = allocated_set = set_new(NULL);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        my_pid = getpid_cached();
+
+        do {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                pid_t pid = 0;
+                done = true;
+
+                r = cg_enumerate_items(controller, path, &f, item);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                                return r;
+
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                while ((r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid)) > 0) {
+
+                        if ((flags & CGROUP_IGNORE_SELF) && pid == my_pid)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (set_get(s, PID_TO_PTR(pid)) == PID_TO_PTR(pid))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (log_kill)
+                                ret_log_kill = log_kill(pid, sig, userdata);
+
+                        /* If we haven't killed this process yet, kill
+                         * it */
+                        if (kill(pid, sig) < 0) {
+                                if (ret >= 0 && errno != ESRCH)
+                                        ret = -errno;
+                        } else {
+                                if (flags & CGROUP_SIGCONT)
+                                        (void) kill(pid, SIGCONT);
+
+                                if (ret == 0) {
+                                        if (log_kill)
+                                                ret = ret_log_kill;
+                                        else
+                                                ret = 1;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        done = false;
+
+                        r = set_put(s, PID_TO_PTR(pid));
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (ret >= 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                return ret;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (ret >= 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                /* To avoid racing against processes which fork
+                 * quicker than we can kill them we repeat this until
+                 * no new pids need to be killed. */
+
+        } while (!done);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int cg_kill(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                int sig,
+                CGroupFlags flags,
+                Set *s,
+                cg_kill_log_func_t log_kill,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int r, ret;
+
+        r = cg_kill_items(controller, path, sig, flags, s, log_kill, userdata, "cgroup.procs");
+        if (r < 0 || sig != SIGKILL)
+                return r;
+
+        ret = r;
+
+        /* Only in case of killing with SIGKILL and when using cgroupsv2, kill remaining threads manually as
+           a workaround for kernel bug. It was fixed in 5.2-rc5 (c03cd7738a83), backported to 4.19.66
+           (4340d175b898) and 4.14.138 (feb6b123b7dd). */
+        r = cg_unified_controller(controller);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return ret;
+
+        r = cg_kill_items(controller, path, sig, flags, s, log_kill, userdata, "cgroup.threads");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r > 0 || ret > 0;
+}
+
+int cg_kill_kernel_sigkill(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        /* Kills the cgroup at `path` directly by writing to its cgroup.kill file.
+         * This sends SIGKILL to all processes in the cgroup and has the advantage of
+         * being completely atomic, unlike cg_kill_items. */
+        int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *killfile = NULL;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (!cg_kill_supported())
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.kill", &killfile);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = write_string_file(killfile, "1", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_kill_recursive(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                int sig,
+                CGroupFlags flags,
+                Set *s,
+                cg_kill_log_func_t log_kill,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *allocated_set = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        int r, ret;
+        char *fn;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(sig >= 0);
+
+        if (sig == SIGKILL && cg_kill_supported() &&
+            !FLAGS_SET(flags, CGROUP_IGNORE_SELF) && !s && !log_kill) {
+                /* ignore CGROUP_SIGCONT, since this is a no-op alongside SIGKILL */
+                ret = cg_kill_kernel_sigkill(controller, path);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        return ret;
+        } else {
+                if (!s) {
+                        s = allocated_set = set_new(NULL);
+                        if (!s)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                ret = cg_kill(controller, path, sig, flags, s, log_kill, userdata);
+
+                r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(controller, path, &d);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                                return r;
+
+                        return ret;
+                }
+
+                while ((r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &fn)) > 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                        p = path_join(empty_to_root(path), fn);
+                        free(fn);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = cg_kill_recursive(controller, p, sig, flags, s, log_kill, userdata);
+                        if (r != 0 && ret >= 0)
+                                ret = r;
+                }
+                if (ret >= 0 && r < 0)
+                        ret = r;
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, CGROUP_REMOVE)) {
+                r = cg_rmdir(controller, path);
+                if (r < 0 && ret >= 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -EBUSY))
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *controller_to_dirname(const char *controller) {
+        assert(controller);
+
+        /* Converts a controller name to the directory name below /sys/fs/cgroup/ we want to mount it
+         * to. Effectively, this just cuts off the name= prefixed used for named hierarchies, if it is
+         * specified. */
+
+        if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
+                if (cg_hybrid_unified() > 0)
+                        controller = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_HYBRID;
+                else
+                        controller = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_LEGACY;
+        }
+
+        return startswith(controller, "name=") ?: controller;
+}
+
+static int join_path_legacy(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        const char *dn;
+        char *t = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(controller);
+
+        dn = controller_to_dirname(controller);
+
+        if (isempty(path) && isempty(suffix))
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", dn);
+        else if (isempty(path))
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", dn, suffix);
+        else if (isempty(suffix))
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", dn, path);
+        else
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", dn, path, suffix);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int join_path_unified(const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (isempty(path) && isempty(suffix))
+                t = strdup("/sys/fs/cgroup");
+        else if (isempty(path))
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", suffix);
+        else if (isempty(suffix))
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", path);
+        else
+                t = path_join("/sys/fs/cgroup", path, suffix);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_get_path(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!controller) {
+                char *t;
+
+                /* If no controller is specified, we return the path *below* the controllers, without any
+                 * prefix. */
+
+                if (isempty(path) && isempty(suffix))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (isempty(suffix))
+                        t = strdup(path);
+                else if (isempty(path))
+                        t = strdup(suffix);
+                else
+                        t = path_join(path, suffix);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = path_simplify(t);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = cg_all_unified();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0)
+                r = join_path_unified(path, suffix, ret);
+        else
+                r = join_path_legacy(controller, path, suffix, ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        path_simplify(*ret);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int controller_is_v1_accessible(const char *root, const char *controller) {
+        const char *cpath, *dn;
+
+        assert(controller);
+
+        dn = controller_to_dirname(controller);
+
+        /* If root if specified, we check that:
+         * - possible subcgroup is created at root,
+         * - we can modify the hierarchy. */
+
+        cpath = strjoina("/sys/fs/cgroup/", dn, root, root ? "/cgroup.procs" : NULL);
+        return laccess(cpath, root ? W_OK : F_OK);
+}
+
+int cg_get_path_and_check(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **fs) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(controller);
+        assert(fs);
+
+        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = cg_all_unified();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) {
+                /* In the unified hierarchy all controllers are considered accessible,
+                 * except for the named hierarchies */
+                if (startswith(controller, "name="))
+                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        } else {
+                /* Check if the specified controller is actually accessible */
+                r = controller_is_v1_accessible(NULL, controller);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return cg_get_path(controller, path, suffix, fs);
+}
+
+int cg_set_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, const void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(value || size <= 0);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(setxattr(fs, name, value, size, flags));
+}
+
+int cg_get_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, void *value, size_t size) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        ssize_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = getxattr(fs, name, value, size);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return (int) n;
+}
+
+int cg_get_xattr_malloc(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = lgetxattr_malloc(fs, name, ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cg_get_xattr_bool(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *val = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = cg_get_xattr_malloc(controller, path, name, &val);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return parse_boolean(val);
+}
+
+int cg_remove_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(removexattr(fs, name));
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_path(const char *controller, pid_t pid, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        const char *fs, *controller_str = NULL;  /* avoid false maybe-uninitialized warning */
+        int unified, r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        if (controller) {
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        } else
+                controller = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER;
+
+        unified = cg_unified_controller(controller);
+        if (unified < 0)
+                return unified;
+        if (unified == 0) {
+                if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER))
+                        controller_str = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_LEGACY;
+                else
+                        controller_str = controller;
+        }
+
+        fs = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cgroup");
+        r = fopen_unlocked(fs, "re", &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                char *e;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENODATA;
+
+                if (unified) {
+                        e = startswith(line, "0:");
+                        if (!e)
+                                continue;
+
+                        e = strchr(e, ':');
+                        if (!e)
+                                continue;
+                } else {
+                        char *l;
+
+                        l = strchr(line, ':');
+                        if (!l)
+                                continue;
+
+                        l++;
+                        e = strchr(l, ':');
+                        if (!e)
+                                continue;
+                        *e = 0;
+
+                        assert(controller_str);
+                        r = string_contains_word(l, ",", controller_str);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                continue;
+                }
+
+                char *path = strdup(e + 1);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                /* Truncate suffix indicating the process is a zombie */
+                e = endswith(path, " (deleted)");
+                if (e)
+                        *e = 0;
+
+                *ret_path = path;
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_install_release_agent(const char *controller, const char *agent) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL, *contents = NULL;
+        const char *sc;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(agent);
+
+        r = cg_unified_controller(controller);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) /* doesn't apply to unified hierarchy */
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "release_agent", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        sc = strstrip(contents);
+        if (isempty(sc)) {
+                r = write_string_file(fs, agent, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (!path_equal(sc, agent))
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        fs = mfree(fs);
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "notify_on_release", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        contents = mfree(contents);
+        r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        sc = strstrip(contents);
+        if (streq(sc, "0")) {
+                r = write_string_file(fs, "1", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (!streq(sc, "1"))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_uninstall_release_agent(const char *controller) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_unified_controller(controller);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) /* Doesn't apply to unified hierarchy */
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "notify_on_release", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = write_string_file(fs, "0", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        fs = mfree(fs);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "release_agent", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = write_string_file(fs, "", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_is_empty(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = cg_enumerate_processes(controller, path, &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return true;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r == 0;
+}
+
+int cg_is_empty_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* The root cgroup is always populated */
+        if (controller && empty_or_root(path))
+                return false;
+
+        r = cg_unified_controller(controller);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                /* On the unified hierarchy we can check empty state
+                 * via the "populated" attribute of "cgroup.events". */
+
+                r = cg_read_event(controller, path, "populated", &t);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return true;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return streq(t, "0");
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+                char *fn;
+
+                r = cg_is_empty(controller, path);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(controller, path, &d);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return true;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                while ((r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &fn)) > 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                        p = path_join(path, fn);
+                        free(fn);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = cg_is_empty_recursive(controller, p);
+                        if (r <= 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return true;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **ret_controller, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *controller = NULL, *path = NULL;
+
+        assert(spec);
+
+        if (*spec == '/') {
+                if (!path_is_normalized(spec))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (ret_path) {
+                        path = strdup(spec);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        path_simplify(path);
+                }
+
+        } else {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = strchr(spec, ':');
+                if (e) {
+                        controller = strndup(spec, e-spec);
+                        if (!controller)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller))
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        if (!isempty(e + 1)) {
+                                path = strdup(e+1);
+                                if (!path)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                if (!path_is_normalized(path) ||
+                                    !path_is_absolute(path))
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                                path_simplify(path);
+                        }
+
+                } else {
+                        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(spec))
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        if (ret_controller) {
+                                controller = strdup(spec);
+                                if (!controller)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ret_controller)
+                *ret_controller = TAKE_PTR(controller);
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(path);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_mangle_path(const char *path, char **result) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL, *p = NULL;
+        char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(result);
+
+        /* First, check if it already is a filesystem path */
+        if (path_startswith(path, "/sys/fs/cgroup")) {
+
+                t = strdup(path);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *result = path_simplify(t);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise, treat it as cg spec */
+        r = cg_split_spec(path, &c, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_get_path(c ?: SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p ?: "/", NULL, result);
+}
+
+int cg_get_root_path(char **path) {
+        char *p, *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 1, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        e = endswith(p, "/" SPECIAL_INIT_SCOPE);
+        if (!e)
+                e = endswith(p, "/" SPECIAL_SYSTEM_SLICE); /* legacy */
+        if (!e)
+                e = endswith(p, "/system"); /* even more legacy */
+        if (e)
+                *e = 0;
+
+        *path = p;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_shift_path(const char *cgroup, const char *root, const char **shifted) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *rt = NULL;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(cgroup);
+        assert(shifted);
+
+        if (!root) {
+                /* If the root was specified let's use that, otherwise
+                 * let's determine it from PID 1 */
+
+                r = cg_get_root_path(&rt);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                root = rt;
+        }
+
+        p = path_startswith(cgroup, root);
+        if (p && p > cgroup)
+                *shifted = p - 1;
+        else
+                *shifted = cgroup;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid_t pid, const char *root, char **cgroup) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *raw = NULL;
+        const char *c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(cgroup);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, pid, &raw);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = cg_shift_path(raw, root, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (c == raw)
+                *cgroup = TAKE_PTR(raw);
+        else {
+                char *n;
+
+                n = strdup(c);
+                if (!n)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *cgroup = n;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_path_decode_unit(const char *cgroup, char **unit) {
+        char *c, *s;
+        size_t n;
+
+        assert(cgroup);
+        assert(unit);
+
+        n = strcspn(cgroup, "/");
+        if (n < 3)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        c = strndupa_safe(cgroup, n);
+        c = cg_unescape(c);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(c, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        s = strdup(c);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *unit = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool valid_slice_name(const char *p, size_t n) {
+
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        if (n < STRLEN("x.slice"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (memcmp(p + n - 6, ".slice", 6) == 0) {
+                char buf[n+1], *c;
+
+                memcpy(buf, p, n);
+                buf[n] = 0;
+
+                c = cg_unescape(buf);
+
+                return unit_name_is_valid(c, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static const char *skip_slices(const char *p) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Skips over all slice assignments */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+                n = strcspn(p, "/");
+                if (!valid_slice_name(p, n))
+                        return p;
+
+                p += n;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_unit(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        r = cg_path_decode_unit(e, &unit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* We skipped over the slices, don't accept any now */
+        if (endswith(unit, ".slice"))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(unit);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_unit(cgroup, unit);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Skip session-*.scope, but require it to be there.
+ */
+static const char *skip_session(const char *p) {
+        size_t n;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return NULL;
+
+        p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+        n = strcspn(p, "/");
+        if (n < STRLEN("session-x.scope"))
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (memcmp(p, "session-", 8) == 0 && memcmp(p + n - 6, ".scope", 6) == 0) {
+                char buf[n - 8 - 6 + 1];
+
+                memcpy(buf, p + 8, n - 8 - 6);
+                buf[n - 8 - 6] = 0;
+
+                /* Note that session scopes never need unescaping,
+                 * since they cannot conflict with the kernel's own
+                 * names, hence we don't need to call cg_unescape()
+                 * here. */
+
+                if (!session_id_valid(buf))
+                        return NULL;
+
+                p += n;
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+                return p;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Skip user@*.service, but require it to be there.
+ */
+static const char *skip_user_manager(const char *p) {
+        size_t n;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return NULL;
+
+        p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+        n = strcspn(p, "/");
+        if (n < STRLEN("user@x.service"))
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (memcmp(p, "user@", 5) == 0 && memcmp(p + n - 8, ".service", 8) == 0) {
+                char buf[n - 5 - 8 + 1];
+
+                memcpy(buf, p + 5, n - 5 - 8);
+                buf[n - 5 - 8] = 0;
+
+                /* Note that user manager services never need unescaping,
+                 * since they cannot conflict with the kernel's own
+                 * names, hence we don't need to call cg_unescape()
+                 * here. */
+
+                if (parse_uid(buf, NULL) < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                p += n;
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+                return p;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *skip_user_prefix(const char *path) {
+        const char *e, *t;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Skip slices, if there are any */
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        /* Skip the user manager, if it's in the path now... */
+        t = skip_user_manager(e);
+        if (t)
+                return t;
+
+        /* Alternatively skip the user session if it is in the path... */
+        return skip_session(e);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_user_unit(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        const char *t;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        t = skip_user_prefix(path);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        /* And from here on it looks pretty much the same as for a system unit, hence let's use the same
+         * parser. */
+        return cg_path_get_unit(t, ret);
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_user_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_user_unit(cgroup, unit);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_machine_name(const char *path, char **machine) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+        const char *sl;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_path_get_unit(path, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        sl = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/unit:", u);
+        return readlink_malloc(sl, machine);
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_machine_name(pid_t pid, char **machine) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(machine);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_machine_name(cgroup, machine);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_cgroupid(const char *path, uint64_t *ret) {
+        cg_file_handle fh = CG_FILE_HANDLE_INIT;
+        int mnt_id = -1;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* This is cgroupfs so we know the size of the handle, thus no need to loop around like
+         * name_to_handle_at_loop() does in mountpoint-util.c */
+        if (name_to_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, path, &fh.file_handle, &mnt_id, 0) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret = CG_FILE_HANDLE_CGROUPID(fh);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_session(const char *path, char **session) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+        char *start, *end;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = cg_path_get_unit(path, &unit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        start = startswith(unit, "session-");
+        if (!start)
+                return -ENXIO;
+        end = endswith(start, ".scope");
+        if (!end)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        *end = 0;
+        if (!session_id_valid(start))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        if (session) {
+                char *rr;
+
+                rr = strdup(start);
+                if (!rr)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *session = rr;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_session(pid_t pid, char **session) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_session(cgroup, session);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_owner_uid(const char *path, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *slice = NULL;
+        char *start, *end;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = cg_path_get_slice(path, &slice);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        start = startswith(slice, "user-");
+        if (!start)
+                return -ENXIO;
+        end = endswith(start, ".slice");
+        if (!end)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        *end = 0;
+        if (parse_uid(start, uid) < 0)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_owner_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_owner_uid(cgroup, uid);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_slice(const char *p, char **slice) {
+        const char *e = NULL;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(slice);
+
+        /* Finds the right-most slice unit from the beginning, but
+         * stops before we come to the first non-slice unit. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+                n = strcspn(p, "/");
+                if (!valid_slice_name(p, n)) {
+
+                        if (!e) {
+                                char *s;
+
+                                s = strdup(SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE);
+                                if (!s)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                *slice = s;
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+
+                        return cg_path_decode_unit(e, slice);
+                }
+
+                e = p;
+                p += n;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_slice(pid_t pid, char **slice) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(slice);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_slice(cgroup, slice);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_user_slice(const char *p, char **slice) {
+        const char *t;
+        assert(p);
+        assert(slice);
+
+        t = skip_user_prefix(p);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        /* And now it looks pretty much the same as for a system
+         * slice, so let's just use the same parser from here on. */
+        return cg_path_get_slice(t, slice);
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_user_slice(pid_t pid, char **slice) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(slice);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_user_slice(cgroup, slice);
+}
+
+char *cg_escape(const char *p) {
+        bool need_prefix = false;
+
+        /* This implements very minimal escaping for names to be used
+         * as file names in the cgroup tree: any name which might
+         * conflict with a kernel name or is prefixed with '_' is
+         * prefixed with a '_'. That way, when reading cgroup names it
+         * is sufficient to remove a single prefixing underscore if
+         * there is one. */
+
+        /* The return value of this function (unlike cg_unescape())
+         * needs free()! */
+
+        if (IN_SET(p[0], 0, '_', '.') ||
+            STR_IN_SET(p, "notify_on_release", "release_agent", "tasks") ||
+            startswith(p, "cgroup."))
+                need_prefix = true;
+        else {
+                const char *dot;
+
+                dot = strrchr(p, '.');
+                if (dot) {
+                        CGroupController c;
+                        size_t l = dot - p;
+
+                        for (c = 0; c < _CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX; c++) {
+                                const char *n;
+
+                                n = cgroup_controller_to_string(c);
+
+                                if (l != strlen(n))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                if (memcmp(p, n, l) != 0)
+                                        continue;
+
+                                need_prefix = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (need_prefix)
+                return strjoin("_", p);
+
+        return strdup(p);
+}
+
+char *cg_unescape(const char *p) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* The return value of this function (unlike cg_escape())
+         * doesn't need free()! */
+
+        if (p[0] == '_')
+                return (char*) p+1;
+
+        return (char*) p;
+}
+
+#define CONTROLLER_VALID                        \
+        DIGITS LETTERS                          \
+        "_"
+
+bool cg_controller_is_valid(const char *p) {
+        const char *t, *s;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(p, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER))
+                return true;
+
+        s = startswith(p, "name=");
+        if (s)
+                p = s;
+
+        if (IN_SET(*p, 0, '_'))
+                return false;
+
+        for (t = p; *t; t++)
+                if (!strchr(CONTROLLER_VALID, *t))
+                        return false;
+
+        if (t - p > NAME_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int cg_slice_to_path(const char *unit, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL, *e = NULL;
+        const char *dash;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (streq(unit, SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE)) {
+                char *x;
+
+                x = strdup("");
+                if (!x)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                *ret = x;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(unit, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!endswith(unit, ".slice"))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = unit_name_to_prefix(unit, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        dash = strchr(p, '-');
+
+        /* Don't allow initial dashes */
+        if (dash == p)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        while (dash) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *escaped = NULL;
+                char n[dash - p + sizeof(".slice")];
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER
+                /* msan doesn't instrument stpncpy, so it thinks
+                 * n is later used uninitialized:
+                 * https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/926
+                 */
+                zero(n);
+#endif
+
+                /* Don't allow trailing or double dashes */
+                if (IN_SET(dash[1], 0, '-'))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                strcpy(stpncpy(n, p, dash - p), ".slice");
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                escaped = cg_escape(n);
+                if (!escaped)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!strextend(&s, escaped, "/"))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                dash = strchr(dash+1, '-');
+        }
+
+        e = cg_escape(unit);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!strextend(&s, e))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_is_threaded(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL, *contents = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **v = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.type", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(fs, &contents, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return false; /* Assume no. */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        v = strv_split(contents, NULL);
+        if (!v)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* If the cgroup is in the threaded mode, it contains "threaded".
+         * If one of the parents or siblings is in the threaded mode, it may contain "invalid". */
+        return strv_contains(v, "threaded") || strv_contains(v, "invalid");
+}
+
+int cg_set_attribute(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, const char *value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, attribute, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return write_string_file(p, value, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+}
+
+int cg_get_attribute(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, attribute, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return read_one_line_file(p, ret);
+}
+
+int cg_get_attribute_as_uint64(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, uint64_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        uint64_t v;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = cg_get_attribute(controller, path, attribute, &value);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ENODATA;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (streq(value, "max")) {
+                *ret = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = safe_atou64(value, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = v;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_get_attribute_as_bool(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, bool *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = cg_get_attribute(controller, path, attribute, &value);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ENODATA;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = parse_boolean(value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_get_owner(const char *controller, const char *path, uid_t *ret_uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        struct stat stats;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret_uid);
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = stat(f, &stats);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret_uid = stats.st_uid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_get_keyed_attribute_full(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *attribute,
+                char **keys,
+                char **ret_values,
+                CGroupKeyMode mode) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *filename = NULL, *contents = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        size_t n, i, n_done = 0;
+        char **v;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Reads one or more fields of a cgroup v2 keyed attribute file. The 'keys' parameter should be an strv with
+         * all keys to retrieve. The 'ret_values' parameter should be passed as string size with the same number of
+         * entries as 'keys'. On success each entry will be set to the value of the matching key.
+         *
+         * If the attribute file doesn't exist at all returns ENOENT, if any key is not found returns ENXIO. If mode
+         * is set to GG_KEY_MODE_GRACEFUL we ignore missing keys and return those that were parsed successfully. */
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, attribute, &filename);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = read_full_file(filename, &contents, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = strv_length(keys);
+        if (n == 0) /* No keys to retrieve? That's easy, we are done then */
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Let's build this up in a temporary array for now in order not to clobber the return parameter on failure */
+        v = newa0(char*, n);
+
+        for (p = contents; *p;) {
+                const char *w = NULL;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                        if (!v[i]) {
+                                w = first_word(p, keys[i]);
+                                if (w)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+
+                if (w) {
+                        size_t l;
+
+                        l = strcspn(w, NEWLINE);
+                        v[i] = strndup(w, l);
+                        if (!v[i]) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        n_done++;
+                        if (n_done >= n)
+                                goto done;
+
+                        p = w + l;
+                } else
+                        p += strcspn(p, NEWLINE);
+
+                p += strspn(p, NEWLINE);
+        }
+
+        if (mode & CG_KEY_MODE_GRACEFUL)
+                goto done;
+
+        r = -ENXIO;
+
+fail:
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                free(v[i]);
+
+        return r;
+
+done:
+        memcpy(ret_values, v, sizeof(char*) * n);
+        if (mode & CG_KEY_MODE_GRACEFUL)
+                return n_done;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_mask_to_string(CGroupMask mask, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        bool space = false;
+        CGroupController c;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (mask == 0) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (c = 0; c < _CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX; c++) {
+                const char *k;
+                size_t l;
+
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(mask, CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(c)))
+                        continue;
+
+                k = cgroup_controller_to_string(c);
+                l = strlen(k);
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, n + space + l + 1))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (space)
+                        s[n] = ' ';
+                memcpy(s + n + space, k, l);
+                n += space + l;
+
+                space = true;
+        }
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        s[n] = 0;
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_mask_from_string(const char *value, CGroupMask *ret) {
+        CGroupMask m = 0;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(value);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+                CGroupController v;
+                int r;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&value, &n, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                v = cgroup_controller_from_string(n);
+                if (v < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                m |= CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(v);
+        }
+
+        *ret = m;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_mask_supported_subtree(const char *root, CGroupMask *ret) {
+        CGroupMask mask;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Determines the mask of supported cgroup controllers. Only includes controllers we can make sense of and that
+         * are actually accessible. Only covers real controllers, i.e. not the CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_xyz
+         * pseudo-controllers. */
+
+        r = cg_all_unified();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *controllers = NULL, *path = NULL;
+
+                /* In the unified hierarchy we can read the supported and accessible controllers from
+                 * the top-level cgroup attribute */
+
+                r = cg_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, root, "cgroup.controllers", &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = read_one_line_file(path, &controllers);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = cg_mask_from_string(controllers, &mask);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Mask controllers that are not supported in unified hierarchy. */
+                mask &= CGROUP_MASK_V2;
+
+        } else {
+                CGroupController c;
+
+                /* In the legacy hierarchy, we check which hierarchies are accessible. */
+
+                mask = 0;
+                for (c = 0; c < _CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX; c++) {
+                        CGroupMask bit = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(c);
+                        const char *n;
+
+                        if (!FLAGS_SET(CGROUP_MASK_V1, bit))
+                                continue;
+
+                        n = cgroup_controller_to_string(c);
+                        if (controller_is_v1_accessible(root, n) >= 0)
+                                mask |= bit;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = mask;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_mask_supported(CGroupMask *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *root = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_root_path(&root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_mask_supported_subtree(root, ret);
+}
+
+int cg_kernel_controllers(Set **ret) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *controllers = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Determines the full list of kernel-known controllers. Might include controllers we don't actually support
+         * and controllers that aren't currently accessible (because not mounted). This does not include "name="
+         * pseudo-controllers. */
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked("/proc/cgroups", "re", &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Ignore the header line */
+        (void) read_line(f, SIZE_MAX, NULL);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *controller = NULL;
+                int enabled = 0;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                if (fscanf(f, "%ms %*i %*i %i", &controller, &enabled) != 2) {
+
+                        if (feof(f))
+                                break;
+
+                        if (ferror(f))
+                                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                if (!enabled)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                r = set_ensure_consume(&controllers, &string_hash_ops_free, TAKE_PTR(controller));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(controllers);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* The hybrid mode was initially implemented in v232 and simply mounted cgroup2 on
+ * /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd. This unfortunately broke other tools (such as docker) which expected the v1
+ * "name=systemd" hierarchy on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd. From v233 and on, the hybrid mode mounts v2 on
+ * /sys/fs/cgroup/unified and maintains "name=systemd" hierarchy on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd for compatibility
+ * with other tools.
+ *
+ * To keep live upgrade working, we detect and support v232 layout. When v232 layout is detected, to keep
+ * cgroup v2 process management but disable the compat dual layout, we return true on
+ * cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER) and false on cg_hybrid_unified().
+ */
+static thread_local bool unified_systemd_v232;
+
+int cg_unified_cached(bool flush) {
+        static thread_local CGroupUnified unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN;
+
+        struct statfs fs;
+
+        /* Checks if we support the unified hierarchy. Returns an
+         * error when the cgroup hierarchies aren't mounted yet or we
+         * have any other trouble determining if the unified hierarchy
+         * is supported. */
+
+        if (flush)
+                unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN;
+        else if (unified_cache >= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE)
+                return unified_cache;
+
+        if (statfs("/sys/fs/cgroup/", &fs) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "statfs(\"/sys/fs/cgroup/\") failed: %m");
+
+        if (F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+                log_debug("Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/, full unified hierarchy");
+                unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL;
+        } else if (F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC)) {
+                if (statfs("/sys/fs/cgroup/unified/", &fs) == 0 &&
+                    F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+                        log_debug("Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified, unified hierarchy for systemd controller");
+                        unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD;
+                        unified_systemd_v232 = false;
+                } else {
+                        if (statfs("/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/", &fs) < 0) {
+                                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                                        /* Some other software may have set up /sys/fs/cgroup in a configuration we do not recognize. */
+                                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Unsupported cgroupsv1 setup detected: name=systemd hierarchy not found.");
+                                        return -ENOMEDIUM;
+                                }
+                                return log_debug_errno(errno, "statfs(\"/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd\" failed: %m");
+                        }
+
+                        if (F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+                                log_debug("Found cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd, unified hierarchy for systemd controller (v232 variant)");
+                                unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD;
+                                unified_systemd_v232 = true;
+                        } else if (F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+                                log_debug("Found cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd, legacy hierarchy");
+                                unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE;
+                        } else {
+                                log_debug("Unexpected filesystem type %llx mounted on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd, assuming legacy hierarchy",
+                                          (unsigned long long) fs.f_type);
+                                unified_cache = CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE;
+                        }
+                }
+        } else if (F_TYPE_EQUAL(fs.f_type, SYSFS_MAGIC)) {
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOMEDIUM),
+                                       "No filesystem is currently mounted on /sys/fs/cgroup.");
+        } else
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOMEDIUM),
+                                       "Unknown filesystem type %llx mounted on /sys/fs/cgroup.",
+                                       (unsigned long long)fs.f_type);
+
+        return unified_cache;
+}
+
+int cg_unified_controller(const char *controller) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_unified_cached(false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (r == CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE)
+                return false;
+
+        if (r >= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL)
+                return true;
+
+        return streq_ptr(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
+}
+
+int cg_all_unified(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_unified_cached(false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r >= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL;
+}
+
+int cg_hybrid_unified(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_unified_cached(false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r == CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD && !unified_systemd_v232;
+}
+
+const uint64_t cgroup_io_limit_defaults[_CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [CGROUP_IO_RBPS_MAX]    = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX,
+        [CGROUP_IO_WBPS_MAX]    = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX,
+        [CGROUP_IO_RIOPS_MAX]   = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX,
+        [CGROUP_IO_WIOPS_MAX]   = CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX,
+};
+
+static const char* const cgroup_io_limit_type_table[_CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [CGROUP_IO_RBPS_MAX]    = "IOReadBandwidthMax",
+        [CGROUP_IO_WBPS_MAX]    = "IOWriteBandwidthMax",
+        [CGROUP_IO_RIOPS_MAX]   = "IOReadIOPSMax",
+        [CGROUP_IO_WIOPS_MAX]   = "IOWriteIOPSMax",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(cgroup_io_limit_type, CGroupIOLimitType);
+
+bool is_cgroup_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
+        return is_fs_type(s, CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC) ||
+               is_fs_type(s, CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC);
+}
+
+bool fd_is_cgroup_fs(int fd) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_cgroup_fs(&s);
+}
+
+static const char *const cgroup_controller_table[_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX] = {
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPU] = "cpu",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUACCT] = "cpuacct",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUSET] = "cpuset",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_IO] = "io",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BLKIO] = "blkio",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MEMORY] = "memory",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_DEVICES] = "devices",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_PIDS] = "pids",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FIREWALL] = "bpf-firewall",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_DEVICES] = "bpf-devices",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FOREIGN] = "bpf-foreign",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_SOCKET_BIND] = "bpf-socket-bind",
+        [CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_RESTRICT_NETWORK_INTERFACES] = "bpf-restrict-network-interfaces",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(cgroup_controller, CGroupController);
+
+CGroupMask get_cpu_accounting_mask(void) {
+        static CGroupMask needed_mask = (CGroupMask) -1;
+
+        /* On kernel ≥4.15 with unified hierarchy, cpu.stat's usage_usec is
+         * provided externally from the CPU controller, which means we don't
+         * need to enable the CPU controller just to get metrics. This is good,
+         * because enabling the CPU controller comes at a minor performance
+         * hit, especially when it's propagated deep into large hierarchies.
+         * There's also no separate CPU accounting controller available within
+         * a unified hierarchy.
+         *
+         * This combination of factors results in the desired cgroup mask to
+         * enable for CPU accounting varying as follows:
+         *
+         *                   ╔═════════════════════╤═════════════════════╗
+         *                   ║     Linux ≥4.15     │     Linux <4.15     ║
+         *   ╔═══════════════╬═════════════════════╪═════════════════════╣
+         *   ║ Unified       ║ nothing             │ CGROUP_MASK_CPU     ║
+         *   ╟───────────────╫─────────────────────┼─────────────────────╢
+         *   ║ Hybrid/Legacy ║ CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT │ CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT ║
+         *   ╚═══════════════╩═════════════════════╧═════════════════════╝
+         *
+         * We check kernel version here instead of manually checking whether
+         * cpu.stat is present for every cgroup, as that check in itself would
+         * already be fairly expensive.
+         *
+         * Kernels where this patch has been backported will therefore have the
+         * CPU controller enabled unnecessarily. This is more expensive than
+         * necessary, but harmless. ☺️
+         */
+
+        if (needed_mask == (CGroupMask) -1) {
+                if (cg_all_unified()) {
+                        struct utsname u;
+                        assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
+
+                        if (strverscmp_improved(u.release, "4.15") < 0)
+                                needed_mask = CGROUP_MASK_CPU;
+                        else
+                                needed_mask = 0;
+                } else
+                        needed_mask = CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT;
+        }
+
+        return needed_mask;
+}
+
+bool cpu_accounting_is_cheap(void) {
+        return get_cpu_accounting_mask() == 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const managed_oom_mode_table[_MANAGED_OOM_MODE_MAX] = {
+        [MANAGED_OOM_AUTO] = "auto",
+        [MANAGED_OOM_KILL] = "kill",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(managed_oom_mode, ManagedOOMMode);
+
+static const char* const managed_oom_preference_table[_MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_MAX] = {
+        [MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_NONE] = "none",
+        [MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_AVOID] = "avoid",
+        [MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_OMIT] = "omit",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(managed_oom_preference, ManagedOOMPreference);
diff --git a/src/basic/cgroup-util.h b/src/basic/cgroup-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df6d5b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/cgroup-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "def.h"
+#include "set.h"
+
+#define SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_LEGACY "name=systemd"
+#define SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_HYBRID "name=unified"
+#define SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER "_systemd"
+
+/* An enum of well known cgroup controllers */
+typedef enum CGroupController {
+        /* Original cgroup controllers */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPU,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUACCT,    /* v1 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUSET,     /* v2 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_IO,         /* v2 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BLKIO,      /* v1 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MEMORY,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_DEVICES,    /* v1 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_PIDS,
+
+        /* BPF-based pseudo-controllers, v2 only */
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FIREWALL,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_DEVICES,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FOREIGN,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_SOCKET_BIND,
+        CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_RESTRICT_NETWORK_INTERFACES,
+        /* The BPF hook implementing RestrictFileSystems= is not defined here.
+         * It's applied as late as possible in exec_child() so we don't block
+         * our own unit setup code. */
+
+        _CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX,
+        _CGROUP_CONTROLLER_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} CGroupController;
+
+#define CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(c) (1U << (c))
+
+/* A bit mask of well known cgroup controllers */
+typedef enum CGroupMask {
+        CGROUP_MASK_CPU = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPU),
+        CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUACCT),
+        CGROUP_MASK_CPUSET = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_CPUSET),
+        CGROUP_MASK_IO = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_IO),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BLKIO = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BLKIO),
+        CGROUP_MASK_MEMORY = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MEMORY),
+        CGROUP_MASK_DEVICES = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_DEVICES),
+        CGROUP_MASK_PIDS = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_PIDS),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF_FIREWALL = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FIREWALL),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF_DEVICES = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_DEVICES),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF_FOREIGN = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_FOREIGN),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF_SOCKET_BIND = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_SOCKET_BIND),
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF_RESTRICT_NETWORK_INTERFACES = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(CGROUP_CONTROLLER_BPF_RESTRICT_NETWORK_INTERFACES),
+
+        /* All real cgroup v1 controllers */
+        CGROUP_MASK_V1 = CGROUP_MASK_CPU|CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT|CGROUP_MASK_BLKIO|CGROUP_MASK_MEMORY|CGROUP_MASK_DEVICES|CGROUP_MASK_PIDS,
+
+        /* All real cgroup v2 controllers */
+        CGROUP_MASK_V2 = CGROUP_MASK_CPU|CGROUP_MASK_CPUSET|CGROUP_MASK_IO|CGROUP_MASK_MEMORY|CGROUP_MASK_PIDS,
+
+        /* All cgroup v2 BPF pseudo-controllers */
+        CGROUP_MASK_BPF = CGROUP_MASK_BPF_FIREWALL|CGROUP_MASK_BPF_DEVICES|CGROUP_MASK_BPF_FOREIGN|CGROUP_MASK_BPF_SOCKET_BIND|CGROUP_MASK_BPF_RESTRICT_NETWORK_INTERFACES,
+
+        _CGROUP_MASK_ALL = CGROUP_CONTROLLER_TO_MASK(_CGROUP_CONTROLLER_MAX) - 1
+} CGroupMask;
+
+static inline CGroupMask CGROUP_MASK_EXTEND_JOINED(CGroupMask mask) {
+        /* We always mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" in the same hierarchy. Hence, when one bit is set also set the other */
+
+        if (mask & (CGROUP_MASK_CPU|CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT))
+                mask |= (CGROUP_MASK_CPU|CGROUP_MASK_CPUACCT);
+
+        return mask;
+}
+
+CGroupMask get_cpu_accounting_mask(void);
+bool cpu_accounting_is_cheap(void);
+
+/* Special values for all weight knobs on unified hierarchy */
+#define CGROUP_WEIGHT_INVALID UINT64_MAX
+#define CGROUP_WEIGHT_IDLE UINT64_C(0)
+#define CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN UINT64_C(1)
+#define CGROUP_WEIGHT_MAX UINT64_C(10000)
+#define CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT UINT64_C(100)
+
+#define CGROUP_LIMIT_MIN UINT64_C(0)
+#define CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX UINT64_MAX
+
+static inline bool CGROUP_WEIGHT_IS_OK(uint64_t x) {
+        return
+            x == CGROUP_WEIGHT_INVALID ||
+            (x >= CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN && x <= CGROUP_WEIGHT_MAX);
+}
+
+/* IO limits on unified hierarchy */
+typedef enum CGroupIOLimitType {
+        CGROUP_IO_RBPS_MAX,
+        CGROUP_IO_WBPS_MAX,
+        CGROUP_IO_RIOPS_MAX,
+        CGROUP_IO_WIOPS_MAX,
+
+        _CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_MAX,
+        _CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} CGroupIOLimitType;
+
+extern const uint64_t cgroup_io_limit_defaults[_CGROUP_IO_LIMIT_TYPE_MAX];
+
+const char* cgroup_io_limit_type_to_string(CGroupIOLimitType t) _const_;
+CGroupIOLimitType cgroup_io_limit_type_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+/* Special values for the cpu.shares attribute */
+#define CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_INVALID UINT64_MAX
+#define CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_MIN UINT64_C(2)
+#define CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_MAX UINT64_C(262144)
+#define CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_DEFAULT UINT64_C(1024)
+
+static inline bool CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_IS_OK(uint64_t x) {
+        return
+            x == CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_INVALID ||
+            (x >= CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_MIN && x <= CGROUP_CPU_SHARES_MAX);
+}
+
+/* Special values for the special {blkio,io}.bfq.weight attribute */
+#define CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_INVALID UINT64_MAX
+#define CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_MIN UINT64_C(1)
+#define CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_MAX UINT64_C(1000)
+#define CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_DEFAULT UINT64_C(100)
+
+/* Convert the normal io.weight value to io.bfq.weight */
+static inline uint64_t BFQ_WEIGHT(uint64_t io_weight) {
+        return
+            io_weight <= CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT ?
+            CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_DEFAULT - (CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT - io_weight) * (CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_DEFAULT - CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_MIN) / (CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT - CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN) :
+            CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_DEFAULT + (io_weight - CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT) * (CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_MAX - CGROUP_BFQ_WEIGHT_DEFAULT) / (CGROUP_WEIGHT_MAX - CGROUP_WEIGHT_DEFAULT);
+}
+
+/* Special values for the blkio.weight attribute */
+#define CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_INVALID UINT64_MAX
+#define CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_MIN UINT64_C(10)
+#define CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_MAX UINT64_C(1000)
+#define CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_DEFAULT UINT64_C(500)
+
+static inline bool CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_IS_OK(uint64_t x) {
+        return
+            x == CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_INVALID ||
+            (x >= CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_MIN && x <= CGROUP_BLKIO_WEIGHT_MAX);
+}
+
+typedef enum CGroupUnified {
+        CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN = -1,
+        CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE = 0,        /* Both systemd and controllers on legacy */
+        CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD = 1,     /* Only systemd on unified */
+        CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL = 2,         /* Both systemd and controllers on unified */
+} CGroupUnified;
+
+/*
+ * General rules:
+ *
+ * We accept named hierarchies in the syntax "foo" and "name=foo".
+ *
+ * We expect that named hierarchies do not conflict in name with a
+ * kernel hierarchy, modulo the "name=" prefix.
+ *
+ * We always generate "normalized" controller names, i.e. without the
+ * "name=" prefix.
+ *
+ * We require absolute cgroup paths. When returning, we will always
+ * generate paths with multiple adjacent / removed.
+ */
+
+int cg_enumerate_processes(const char *controller, const char *path, FILE **_f);
+int cg_read_pid(FILE *f, pid_t *_pid);
+int cg_read_event(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *event,
+                  char **val);
+
+int cg_enumerate_subgroups(const char *controller, const char *path, DIR **_d);
+int cg_read_subgroup(DIR *d, char **fn);
+
+typedef enum CGroupFlags {
+        CGROUP_SIGCONT     = 1 << 0,
+        CGROUP_IGNORE_SELF = 1 << 1,
+        CGROUP_REMOVE      = 1 << 2,
+} CGroupFlags;
+
+typedef int (*cg_kill_log_func_t)(pid_t pid, int sig, void *userdata);
+
+int cg_kill(const char *controller, const char *path, int sig, CGroupFlags flags, Set *s, cg_kill_log_func_t kill_log, void *userdata);
+int cg_kill_kernel_sigkill(const char *controller, const char *path);
+int cg_kill_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path, int sig, CGroupFlags flags, Set *s, cg_kill_log_func_t kill_log, void *userdata);
+
+int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **ret_controller, char **ret_path);
+int cg_mangle_path(const char *path, char **result);
+
+int cg_get_path(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **fs);
+int cg_get_path_and_check(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **fs);
+
+int cg_pid_get_path(const char *controller, pid_t pid, char **path);
+
+int cg_rmdir(const char *controller, const char *path);
+
+int cg_is_threaded(const char *controller, const char *path);
+
+typedef enum  {
+        CG_KEY_MODE_GRACEFUL = 1 << 0,
+} CGroupKeyMode;
+
+int cg_set_attribute(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, const char *value);
+int cg_get_attribute(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, char **ret);
+int cg_get_keyed_attribute_full(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, char **keys, char **values, CGroupKeyMode mode);
+
+static inline int cg_get_keyed_attribute(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *attribute,
+                char **keys,
+                char **ret_values) {
+        return cg_get_keyed_attribute_full(controller, path, attribute, keys, ret_values, 0);
+}
+
+static inline int cg_get_keyed_attribute_graceful(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *attribute,
+                char **keys,
+                char **ret_values) {
+        return cg_get_keyed_attribute_full(controller, path, attribute, keys, ret_values, CG_KEY_MODE_GRACEFUL);
+}
+
+int cg_get_attribute_as_uint64(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, uint64_t *ret);
+
+/* Does a parse_boolean() on the attribute contents and sets ret accordingly */
+int cg_get_attribute_as_bool(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, bool *ret);
+
+int cg_set_access(const char *controller, const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int cg_get_owner(const char *controller, const char *path, uid_t *ret_uid);
+
+int cg_set_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
+int cg_get_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, void *value, size_t size);
+int cg_get_xattr_malloc(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name, char **ret);
+/* Returns negative on error, and 0 or 1 on success for the bool value */
+int cg_get_xattr_bool(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name);
+int cg_remove_xattr(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *name);
+
+int cg_install_release_agent(const char *controller, const char *agent);
+int cg_uninstall_release_agent(const char *controller);
+
+int cg_is_empty(const char *controller, const char *path);
+int cg_is_empty_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path);
+
+int cg_get_root_path(char **path);
+
+int cg_path_get_cgroupid(const char *path, uint64_t *ret);
+int cg_path_get_session(const char *path, char **session);
+int cg_path_get_owner_uid(const char *path, uid_t *uid);
+int cg_path_get_unit(const char *path, char **unit);
+int cg_path_get_user_unit(const char *path, char **unit);
+int cg_path_get_machine_name(const char *path, char **machine);
+int cg_path_get_slice(const char *path, char **slice);
+int cg_path_get_user_slice(const char *path, char **slice);
+
+int cg_shift_path(const char *cgroup, const char *cached_root, const char **shifted);
+int cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid_t pid, const char *cached_root, char **cgroup);
+
+int cg_pid_get_session(pid_t pid, char **session);
+int cg_pid_get_owner_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid);
+int cg_pid_get_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit);
+int cg_pid_get_user_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit);
+int cg_pid_get_machine_name(pid_t pid, char **machine);
+int cg_pid_get_slice(pid_t pid, char **slice);
+int cg_pid_get_user_slice(pid_t pid, char **slice);
+
+int cg_path_decode_unit(const char *cgroup, char **unit);
+
+char *cg_escape(const char *p);
+char *cg_unescape(const char *p) _pure_;
+
+bool cg_controller_is_valid(const char *p);
+
+int cg_slice_to_path(const char *unit, char **ret);
+
+typedef const char* (*cg_migrate_callback_t)(CGroupMask mask, void *userdata);
+
+int cg_mask_supported(CGroupMask *ret);
+int cg_mask_supported_subtree(const char *root, CGroupMask *ret);
+int cg_mask_from_string(const char *s, CGroupMask *ret);
+int cg_mask_to_string(CGroupMask mask, char **ret);
+
+int cg_kernel_controllers(Set **controllers);
+
+bool cg_ns_supported(void);
+bool cg_freezer_supported(void);
+bool cg_kill_supported(void);
+
+int cg_all_unified(void);
+int cg_hybrid_unified(void);
+int cg_unified_controller(const char *controller);
+int cg_unified_cached(bool flush);
+static inline int cg_unified(void) {
+        return cg_unified_cached(true);
+}
+
+const char* cgroup_controller_to_string(CGroupController c) _const_;
+CGroupController cgroup_controller_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+bool is_cgroup_fs(const struct statfs *s);
+bool fd_is_cgroup_fs(int fd);
+
+typedef enum ManagedOOMMode {
+        MANAGED_OOM_AUTO,
+        MANAGED_OOM_KILL,
+        _MANAGED_OOM_MODE_MAX,
+        _MANAGED_OOM_MODE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ManagedOOMMode;
+
+const char* managed_oom_mode_to_string(ManagedOOMMode m) _const_;
+ManagedOOMMode managed_oom_mode_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+typedef enum ManagedOOMPreference {
+        MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_NONE = 0,
+        MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_AVOID = 1,
+        MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_OMIT = 2,
+        _MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_MAX,
+        _MANAGED_OOM_PREFERENCE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ManagedOOMPreference;
+
+const char* managed_oom_preference_to_string(ManagedOOMPreference a) _const_;
+ManagedOOMPreference managed_oom_preference_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+/* The structure to pass to name_to_handle_at() on cgroupfs2 */
+typedef union {
+        struct file_handle file_handle;
+        uint8_t space[offsetof(struct file_handle, f_handle) + sizeof(uint64_t)];
+} cg_file_handle;
+
+#define CG_FILE_HANDLE_INIT { .file_handle.handle_bytes = sizeof(uint64_t) }
+#define CG_FILE_HANDLE_CGROUPID(fh) (*(uint64_t*) (fh).file_handle.f_handle)
diff --git a/src/basic/chase-symlinks.c b/src/basic/chase-symlinks.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac55311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chase-symlinks.c
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+bool unsafe_transition(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b) {
+        /* Returns true if the transition from a to b is safe, i.e. that we never transition from unprivileged to
+         * privileged files or directories. Why bother? So that unprivileged code can't symlink to privileged files
+         * making us believe we read something safe even though it isn't safe in the specific context we open it in. */
+
+        if (a->st_uid == 0) /* Transitioning from privileged to unprivileged is always fine */
+                return false;
+
+        return a->st_uid != b->st_uid; /* Otherwise we need to stay within the same UID */
+}
+
+static int log_unsafe_transition(int a, int b, const char *path, ChaseSymlinksFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n1 = NULL, *n2 = NULL, *user_a = NULL, *user_b = NULL;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, CHASE_WARN))
+                return -ENOLINK;
+
+        (void) fd_get_path(a, &n1);
+        (void) fd_get_path(b, &n2);
+
+        if (fstat(a, &st) == 0)
+                user_a = uid_to_name(st.st_uid);
+        if (fstat(b, &st) == 0)
+                user_b = uid_to_name(st.st_uid);
+
+        return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOLINK),
+                                 "Detected unsafe path transition %s (owned by %s) %s %s (owned by %s) during canonicalization of %s.",
+                                 strna(n1), strna(user_a), special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), strna(n2), strna(user_b), path);
+}
+
+static int log_autofs_mount_point(int fd, const char *path, ChaseSymlinksFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n1 = NULL;
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, CHASE_WARN))
+                return -EREMOTE;
+
+        (void) fd_get_path(fd, &n1);
+
+        return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EREMOTE),
+                                 "Detected autofs mount point %s during canonicalization of %s.",
+                                 strna(n1), path);
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *original_root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags flags,
+                char **ret_path,
+                int *ret_fd) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buffer = NULL, *done = NULL, *root = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        unsigned max_follow = CHASE_SYMLINKS_MAX; /* how many symlinks to follow before giving up and returning ELOOP */
+        bool exists = true, append_trail_slash = false;
+        struct stat previous_stat;
+        const char *todo;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Either the file may be missing, or we return an fd to the final object, but both make no sense */
+        if ((flags & CHASE_NONEXISTENT) && ret_fd)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((flags & CHASE_STEP) && ret_fd)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (isempty(path))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* This is a lot like canonicalize_file_name(), but takes an additional "root" parameter, that allows following
+         * symlinks relative to a root directory, instead of the root of the host.
+         *
+         * Note that "root" primarily matters if we encounter an absolute symlink. It is also used when following
+         * relative symlinks to ensure they cannot be used to "escape" the root directory. The path parameter passed is
+         * assumed to be already prefixed by it, except if the CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT flag is set, in which case it is first
+         * prefixed accordingly.
+         *
+         * Algorithmically this operates on two path buffers: "done" are the components of the path we already
+         * processed and resolved symlinks, "." and ".." of. "todo" are the components of the path we still need to
+         * process. On each iteration, we move one component from "todo" to "done", processing it's special meaning
+         * each time. The "todo" path always starts with at least one slash, the "done" path always ends in no
+         * slash. We always keep an O_PATH fd to the component we are currently processing, thus keeping lookup races
+         * to a minimum.
+         *
+         * Suggested usage: whenever you want to canonicalize a path, use this function. Pass the absolute path you got
+         * as-is: fully qualified and relative to your host's root. Optionally, specify the root parameter to tell this
+         * function what to do when encountering a symlink with an absolute path as directory: prefix it by the
+         * specified path.
+         *
+         * There are five ways to invoke this function:
+         *
+         * 1. Without CHASE_STEP or ret_fd: in this case the path is resolved and the normalized path is
+         *    returned in `ret_path`. The return value is < 0 on error. If CHASE_NONEXISTENT is also set, 0
+         *    is returned if the file doesn't exist, > 0 otherwise. If CHASE_NONEXISTENT is not set, >= 0 is
+         *    returned if the destination was found, -ENOENT if it wasn't.
+         *
+         * 2. With ret_fd: in this case the destination is opened after chasing it as O_PATH and this file
+         *    descriptor is returned as return value. This is useful to open files relative to some root
+         *    directory. Note that the returned O_PATH file descriptors must be converted into a regular one (using
+         *    fd_reopen() or such) before it can be used for reading/writing. ret_fd may not be combined with
+         *    CHASE_NONEXISTENT.
+         *
+         * 3. With CHASE_STEP: in this case only a single step of the normalization is executed, i.e. only the first
+         *    symlink or ".." component of the path is resolved, and the resulting path is returned. This is useful if
+         *    a caller wants to trace the path through the file system verbosely. Returns < 0 on error, > 0 if the
+         *    path is fully normalized, and == 0 for each normalization step. This may be combined with
+         *    CHASE_NONEXISTENT, in which case 1 is returned when a component is not found.
+         *
+         * 4. With CHASE_SAFE: in this case the path must not contain unsafe transitions, i.e. transitions from
+         *    unprivileged to privileged files or directories. In such cases the return value is -ENOLINK. If
+         *    CHASE_WARN is also set, a warning describing the unsafe transition is emitted. CHASE_WARN cannot
+         *    be used in PID 1.
+         *
+         * 5. With CHASE_NO_AUTOFS: in this case if an autofs mount point is encountered, path normalization
+         *    is aborted and -EREMOTE is returned. If CHASE_WARN is also set, a warning showing the path of
+         *    the mount point is emitted. CHASE_WARN cannot be used in PID 1.
+         */
+
+        /* A root directory of "/" or "" is identical to none */
+        if (empty_or_root(original_root))
+                original_root = NULL;
+
+        if (!original_root && !ret_path && !(flags & (CHASE_NONEXISTENT|CHASE_NO_AUTOFS|CHASE_SAFE|CHASE_STEP)) && ret_fd) {
+                /* Shortcut the ret_fd case if the caller isn't interested in the actual path and has no root set
+                 * and doesn't care about any of the other special features we provide either. */
+                r = open(path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|((flags & CHASE_NOFOLLOW) ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                *ret_fd = r;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (original_root) {
+                r = path_make_absolute_cwd(original_root, &root);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Simplify the root directory, so that it has no duplicate slashes and nothing at the
+                 * end. While we won't resolve the root path we still simplify it. Note that dropping the
+                 * trailing slash should not change behaviour, since when opening it we specify O_DIRECTORY
+                 * anyway. Moreover at the end of this function after processing everything we'll always turn
+                 * the empty string back to "/". */
+                delete_trailing_chars(root, "/");
+                path_simplify(root);
+
+                if (flags & CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT) {
+                        buffer = path_join(root, path);
+                        if (!buffer)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!buffer) {
+                r = path_make_absolute_cwd(path, &buffer);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        fd = open(empty_to_root(root), O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY|O_PATH);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (flags & CHASE_SAFE)
+                if (fstat(fd, &previous_stat) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (flags & CHASE_TRAIL_SLASH)
+                append_trail_slash = endswith(buffer, "/") || endswith(buffer, "/.");
+
+        if (root) {
+                /* If we are operating on a root directory, let's take the root directory as it is. */
+
+                todo = path_startswith(buffer, root);
+                if (!todo)
+                        return log_full_errno(flags & CHASE_WARN ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
+                                              SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ECHRNG),
+                                              "Specified path '%s' is outside of specified root directory '%s', refusing to resolve.",
+                                              path, root);
+
+                done = strdup(root);
+        } else {
+                todo = buffer;
+                done = strdup("/");
+        }
+        if (!done)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *first = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int child = -1;
+                struct stat st;
+                const char *e;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&todo, /* accept_dot_dot= */ true, &e);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) { /* We reached the end. */
+                        if (append_trail_slash)
+                                if (!strextend(&done, "/"))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                first = strndup(e, r);
+                if (!first)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                /* Two dots? Then chop off the last bit of what we already found out. */
+                if (path_equal(first, "..")) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_close_ int fd_parent = -1;
+
+                        /* If we already are at the top, then going up will not change anything. This is in-line with
+                         * how the kernel handles this. */
+                        if (empty_or_root(done))
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = path_extract_directory(done, &parent);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Don't allow this to leave the root dir.  */
+                        if (root &&
+                            path_startswith(done, root) &&
+                            !path_startswith(parent, root))
+                                continue;
+
+                        free_and_replace(done, parent);
+
+                        if (flags & CHASE_STEP)
+                                goto chased_one;
+
+                        fd_parent = openat(fd, "..", O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_PATH);
+                        if (fd_parent < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (flags & CHASE_SAFE) {
+                                if (fstat(fd_parent, &st) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                if (unsafe_transition(&previous_stat, &st))
+                                        return log_unsafe_transition(fd, fd_parent, path, flags);
+
+                                previous_stat = st;
+                        }
+
+                        close_and_replace(fd, fd_parent);
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Otherwise let's see what this is. */
+                child = openat(fd, first, O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_PATH);
+                if (child < 0) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT &&
+                            (flags & CHASE_NONEXISTENT) &&
+                            (isempty(todo) || path_is_safe(todo))) {
+                                /* If CHASE_NONEXISTENT is set, and the path does not exist, then
+                                 * that's OK, return what we got so far. But don't allow this if the
+                                 * remaining path contains "../" or something else weird. */
+
+                                if (!path_extend(&done, first, todo))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                exists = false;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                if (fstat(child, &st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if ((flags & CHASE_SAFE) &&
+                    unsafe_transition(&previous_stat, &st))
+                        return log_unsafe_transition(fd, child, path, flags);
+
+                previous_stat = st;
+
+                if ((flags & CHASE_NO_AUTOFS) &&
+                    fd_is_fs_type(child, AUTOFS_SUPER_MAGIC) > 0)
+                        return log_autofs_mount_point(child, path, flags);
+
+                if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && !((flags & CHASE_NOFOLLOW) && isempty(todo))) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *destination = NULL;
+
+                        /* This is a symlink, in this case read the destination. But let's make sure we
+                         * don't follow symlinks without bounds. */
+                        if (--max_follow <= 0)
+                                return -ELOOP;
+
+                        r = readlinkat_malloc(fd, first, &destination);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (isempty(destination))
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        if (path_is_absolute(destination)) {
+
+                                /* An absolute destination. Start the loop from the beginning, but use the root
+                                 * directory as base. */
+
+                                safe_close(fd);
+                                fd = open(empty_to_root(root), O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY|O_PATH);
+                                if (fd < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                if (flags & CHASE_SAFE) {
+                                        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                                                return -errno;
+
+                                        if (unsafe_transition(&previous_stat, &st))
+                                                return log_unsafe_transition(child, fd, path, flags);
+
+                                        previous_stat = st;
+                                }
+
+                                /* Note that we do not revalidate the root, we take it as is. */
+                                r = free_and_strdup(&done, empty_to_root(root));
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Prefix what's left to do with what we just read, and start the loop again, but
+                         * remain in the current directory. */
+                        if (!path_extend(&destination, todo))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        free_and_replace(buffer, destination);
+                        todo = buffer;
+
+                        if (flags & CHASE_STEP)
+                                goto chased_one;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* If this is not a symlink, then let's just add the name we read to what we already verified. */
+                if (!path_extend(&done, first))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                /* And iterate again, but go one directory further down. */
+                close_and_replace(fd, child);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(done);
+
+        if (ret_fd) {
+                /* Return the O_PATH fd we currently are looking to the caller. It can translate it to a
+                 * proper fd by opening /proc/self/fd/xyz. */
+
+                assert(fd >= 0);
+                *ret_fd = TAKE_FD(fd);
+        }
+
+        if (flags & CHASE_STEP)
+                return 1;
+
+        return exists;
+
+chased_one:
+        if (ret_path) {
+                const char *e;
+
+                /* todo may contain slashes at the beginning. */
+                r = path_find_first_component(&todo, /* accept_dot_dot= */ true, &e);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(done);
+                else {
+                        char *c;
+
+                        c = path_join(done, e);
+                        if (!c)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *ret_path = c;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_open(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags,
+                int open_flags,
+                char **ret_path) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int path_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (chase_flags & (CHASE_NONEXISTENT|CHASE_STEP))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (empty_or_root(root) && !ret_path && (chase_flags & (CHASE_NO_AUTOFS|CHASE_SAFE)) == 0) {
+                /* Shortcut this call if none of the special features of this call are requested */
+                r = open(path, open_flags | (FLAGS_SET(chase_flags, CHASE_NOFOLLOW) ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(path, root, chase_flags, ret_path ? &p : NULL, &path_fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        assert(path_fd >= 0);
+
+        r = fd_reopen(path_fd, open_flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(p);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_opendir(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags,
+                char **ret_path,
+                DIR **ret_dir) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int path_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        DIR *d;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!ret_dir)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (chase_flags & (CHASE_NONEXISTENT|CHASE_STEP))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (empty_or_root(root) && !ret_path && (chase_flags & (CHASE_NO_AUTOFS|CHASE_SAFE)) == 0) {
+                /* Shortcut this call if none of the special features of this call are requested */
+                d = opendir(path);
+                if (!d)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                *ret_dir = d;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(path, root, chase_flags, ret_path ? &p : NULL, &path_fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        assert(path_fd >= 0);
+
+        d = xopendirat(path_fd, ".", O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (!d)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(p);
+
+        *ret_dir = d;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_stat(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags,
+                char **ret_path,
+                struct stat *ret_stat,
+                int *ret_fd) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int path_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret_stat);
+
+        if (chase_flags & (CHASE_NONEXISTENT|CHASE_STEP))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (empty_or_root(root) && !ret_path && (chase_flags & (CHASE_NO_AUTOFS|CHASE_SAFE)) == 0 && !ret_fd) {
+                /* Shortcut this call if none of the special features of this call are requested */
+
+                if (fstatat(AT_FDCWD, path, ret_stat, FLAGS_SET(chase_flags, CHASE_NOFOLLOW) ? AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW : 0) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(path, root, chase_flags, ret_path ? &p : NULL, &path_fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        assert(path_fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(path_fd, ret_stat) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(p);
+        if (ret_fd)
+                *ret_fd = TAKE_FD(path_fd);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_access(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags,
+                int access_mode,
+                char **ret_path,
+                int *ret_fd) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int path_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (chase_flags & (CHASE_NONEXISTENT|CHASE_STEP))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (empty_or_root(root) && !ret_path && (chase_flags & (CHASE_NO_AUTOFS|CHASE_SAFE)) == 0 && !ret_fd) {
+                /* Shortcut this call if none of the special features of this call are requested */
+
+                if (faccessat(AT_FDCWD, path, access_mode, FLAGS_SET(chase_flags, CHASE_NOFOLLOW) ? AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW : 0) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        r = chase_symlinks(path, root, chase_flags, ret_path ? &p : NULL, &path_fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        assert(path_fd >= 0);
+
+        r = access_fd(path_fd, access_mode);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(p);
+        if (ret_fd)
+                *ret_fd = TAKE_FD(path_fd);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_fopen_unlocked(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *root,
+                ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags,
+                const char *open_flags,
+                char **ret_path,
+                FILE **ret_file) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *final_path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int mode_flags, r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(open_flags);
+        assert(ret_file);
+
+        mode_flags = fopen_mode_to_flags(open_flags);
+        if (mode_flags < 0)
+                return mode_flags;
+
+        fd = chase_symlinks_and_open(path, root, chase_flags, mode_flags, ret_path ? &final_path : NULL);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&fd, open_flags, ret_file);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(final_path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/chase-symlinks.h b/src/basic/chase-symlinks.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9ee58f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chase-symlinks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "stat-util.h"
+
+typedef enum ChaseSymlinksFlags {
+        CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT = 1 << 0, /* The specified path will be prefixed by the specified root before beginning the iteration */
+        CHASE_NONEXISTENT = 1 << 1, /* It's OK if the path doesn't actually exist. */
+        CHASE_NO_AUTOFS   = 1 << 2, /* Return -EREMOTE if autofs mount point found */
+        CHASE_SAFE        = 1 << 3, /* Return -EPERM if we ever traverse from unprivileged to privileged files or directories */
+        CHASE_TRAIL_SLASH = 1 << 4, /* Any trailing slash will be preserved */
+        CHASE_STEP        = 1 << 5, /* Just execute a single step of the normalization */
+        CHASE_NOFOLLOW    = 1 << 6, /* Do not follow the path's right-most component. With ret_fd, when the path's
+                                     * right-most component refers to symlink, return O_PATH fd of the symlink. */
+        CHASE_WARN        = 1 << 7, /* Emit an appropriate warning when an error is encountered.
+                                     * Note: this may do an NSS lookup, hence this flag cannot be used in PID 1. */
+} ChaseSymlinksFlags;
+
+bool unsafe_transition(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b);
+
+/* How many iterations to execute before returning -ELOOP */
+#define CHASE_SYMLINKS_MAX 32
+
+int chase_symlinks(const char *path_with_prefix, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, char **ret_path, int *ret_fd);
+
+int chase_symlinks_and_open(const char *path, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, int open_flags, char **ret_path);
+int chase_symlinks_and_opendir(const char *path, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, char **ret_path, DIR **ret_dir);
+int chase_symlinks_and_stat(const char *path, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, char **ret_path, struct stat *ret_stat, int *ret_fd);
+int chase_symlinks_and_access(const char *path, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, int access_mode, char **ret_path, int *ret_fd);
+int chase_symlinks_and_fopen_unlocked(const char *path, const char *root, ChaseSymlinksFlags chase_flags, const char *open_flags, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file);
diff --git a/src/basic/chattr-util.c b/src/basic/chattr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eddde13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chattr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+#include "chattr-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int chattr_full(const char *path,
+                int fd,
+                unsigned value,
+                unsigned mask,
+                unsigned *ret_previous,
+                unsigned *ret_final,
+                ChattrApplyFlags flags) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd_will_close = -1;
+        unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
+        int set_flags_errno = 0;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(path || fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                fd = fd_will_close = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Explicitly check whether this is a regular file or directory. If it is anything else (such
+         * as a device node or fifo), then the ioctl will not hit the file systems but possibly
+         * drivers, where the ioctl might have different effects. Notably, DRM is using the same
+         * ioctl() number. */
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return -ENOTTY;
+
+        if (mask == 0 && !ret_previous && !ret_final)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
+        if (new_attr == old_attr) {
+                if (ret_previous)
+                        *ret_previous = old_attr;
+                if (ret_final)
+                        *ret_final = old_attr;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) >= 0) {
+                unsigned attr;
+
+                /* Some filesystems (BTRFS) silently fail when a flag cannot be set. Let's make sure our
+                 * changes actually went through by querying the flags again and verifying they're equal to
+                 * the flags we tried to configure. */
+
+                if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (new_attr == attr) {
+                        if (ret_previous)
+                                *ret_previous = old_attr;
+                        if (ret_final)
+                                *ret_final = new_attr;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                /* Trigger the fallback logic. */
+                errno = EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if ((errno != EINVAL && !ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno)) ||
+            !FLAGS_SET(flags, CHATTR_FALLBACK_BITWISE))
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* When -EINVAL is returned, we assume that incompatible attributes are simultaneously
+         * specified. E.g., compress(c) and nocow(C) attributes cannot be set to files on btrfs.
+         * As a fallback, let's try to set attributes one by one.
+         *
+         * Also, when we get EOPNOTSUPP (or a similar error code) we assume a flag might just not be
+         * supported, and we can ignore it too */
+
+        unsigned current_attr = old_attr;
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(unsigned) * 8; i++) {
+                unsigned new_one, mask_one = 1u << i;
+
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(mask, mask_one))
+                        continue;
+
+                new_one = UPDATE_FLAG(current_attr, mask_one, FLAGS_SET(value, mask_one));
+                if (new_one == current_attr)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_one) < 0) {
+                        if (errno != EINVAL && !ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno))
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        log_full_errno(FLAGS_SET(flags, CHATTR_WARN_UNSUPPORTED_FLAGS) ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
+                                       errno,
+                                       "Unable to set file attribute 0x%x on %s, ignoring: %m", mask_one, strna(path));
+
+                        /* Ensures that we record whether only EOPNOTSUPP&friends are encountered, or if a more serious
+                         * error (thus worth logging at a different level, etc) was seen too. */
+                        if (set_flags_errno == 0 || !ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno))
+                                set_flags_errno = -errno;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &current_attr) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_previous)
+                *ret_previous = old_attr;
+        if (ret_final)
+                *ret_final = current_attr;
+
+        /* -ENOANO indicates that some attributes cannot be set. ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED indicates that all
+         * encountered failures were due to flags not supported by the FS, so return a specific error in
+         * that case, so callers can handle it properly (e.g.: tmpfiles.d can use debug level logging). */
+        return current_attr == new_attr ? 1 : ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(set_flags_errno) ? set_flags_errno : -ENOANO;
+}
+
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return -ENOTTY;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret));
+}
+
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/chattr-util.h b/src/basic/chattr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f91c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chattr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "missing_fs.h"
+
+/* The chattr() flags to apply when creating a new file *before* writing to it. In particular, flags such as
+ * FS_NOCOW_FL don't work if applied a-posteriori. All other flags are fine (or even necessary, think
+ * FS_IMMUTABLE_FL!) to apply after writing to the files. */
+#define CHATTR_EARLY_FL                         \
+        (FS_NOATIME_FL |                        \
+         FS_COMPR_FL   |                        \
+         FS_NOCOW_FL   |                        \
+         FS_NOCOMP_FL  |                        \
+         FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
+
+#define CHATTR_ALL_FL                           \
+        (FS_NOATIME_FL      |                   \
+         FS_SYNC_FL         |                   \
+         FS_DIRSYNC_FL      |                   \
+         FS_APPEND_FL       |                   \
+         FS_COMPR_FL        |                   \
+         FS_NODUMP_FL       |                   \
+         FS_EXTENT_FL       |                   \
+         FS_IMMUTABLE_FL    |                   \
+         FS_JOURNAL_DATA_FL |                   \
+         FS_SECRM_FL        |                   \
+         FS_UNRM_FL         |                   \
+         FS_NOTAIL_FL       |                   \
+         FS_TOPDIR_FL       |                   \
+         FS_NOCOW_FL        |                   \
+         FS_PROJINHERIT_FL)
+
+typedef enum ChattrApplyFlags {
+        CHATTR_FALLBACK_BITWISE       = 1 << 0,
+        CHATTR_WARN_UNSUPPORTED_FLAGS = 1 << 1,
+} ChattrApplyFlags;
+
+int chattr_full(const char *path, int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask, unsigned *ret_previous, unsigned *ret_final, ChattrApplyFlags flags);
+
+static inline int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask, unsigned *previous) {
+        return chattr_full(NULL, fd, value, mask, previous, NULL, 0);
+}
+static inline int chattr_path(const char *path, unsigned value, unsigned mask, unsigned *previous) {
+        return chattr_full(path, -1, value, mask, previous, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret);
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret);
+
+/* Combination of chattr flags, that should be appropriate for secrets stored on disk: Secure Remove +
+ * Exclusion from Dumping + Synchronous Writing (i.e. not caching in memory) + In-Place Updating (i.e. not
+ * spurious copies). */
+#define CHATTR_SECRET_FLAGS (FS_SECRM_FL|FS_NODUMP_FL|FS_SYNC_FL|FS_NOCOW_FL)
+
+static inline int chattr_secret(int fd, ChattrApplyFlags flags) {
+        return chattr_full(NULL, fd, CHATTR_SECRET_FLAGS, CHATTR_SECRET_FLAGS, NULL, NULL, flags|CHATTR_FALLBACK_BITWISE);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/check-filesystems.sh b/src/basic/check-filesystems.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..696ef61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/check-filesystems.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+cpp="$1"
+filesystems_gperf="$2"
+shift 2
+
+includes=""
+for i in "$@"; do
+    includes="$includes -include $i"
+done
+
+error=false
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2086
+for fs in $($cpp -dM $includes - </dev/null | \
+            grep -E '_MAGIC' | \
+            grep -vE 'LINUX_MAGIC' | \
+            awk '/^#define[ \t]+[A-Z0-9_]+MAGIC[ \t]+/ { print $2; }'); do
+    if ! grep -E "\{.*$fs.*\}" "$filesystems_gperf" >/dev/null; then
+        # STACK_END_MAGIC doesn't refer to a filesystem
+        # mtd_inode was removed in 2015
+        # futexfs was removed in 2018
+        if [[ "$fs" =~ ^(STACK_END_MAGIC|MTD_INODE_FS_MAGIC|FUTEXFS_SUPER_MAGIC)$ ]]; then
+            continue
+        fi
+        echo "Filesystem found in kernel header but not in $(basename "$filesystems_gperf"): $fs";
+        error=true
+    fi
+done
+
+if $error; then
+    exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/src/basic/compress.c b/src/basic/compress.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e94635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/compress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1079 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#if HAVE_XZ
+#include <lzma.h>
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+#include <lz4.h>
+#include <lz4frame.h>
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+#include <zstd.h>
+#include <zstd_errors.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "compress.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "unaligned.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(LZ4F_compressionContext_t, LZ4F_freeCompressionContext, NULL);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(LZ4F_decompressionContext_t, LZ4F_freeDecompressionContext, NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(ZSTD_CCtx*, ZSTD_freeCCtx, NULL);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(ZSTD_DCtx*, ZSTD_freeDCtx, NULL);
+
+static int zstd_ret_to_errno(size_t ret) {
+        switch (ZSTD_getErrorCode(ret)) {
+        case ZSTD_error_dstSize_tooSmall:
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+        case ZSTD_error_memory_allocation:
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        default:
+                return -EBADMSG;
+        }
+}
+#endif
+
+#define ALIGN_8(l) ALIGN_TO(l, sizeof(size_t))
+
+static const char* const compression_table[_COMPRESSION_MAX] = {
+        [COMPRESSION_NONE] = "NONE",
+        [COMPRESSION_XZ]   = "XZ",
+        [COMPRESSION_LZ4]  = "LZ4",
+        [COMPRESSION_ZSTD] = "ZSTD",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(compression, Compression);
+
+int compress_blob_xz(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                     void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size) {
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        static const lzma_options_lzma opt = {
+                1u << 20u, NULL, 0, LZMA_LC_DEFAULT, LZMA_LP_DEFAULT,
+                LZMA_PB_DEFAULT, LZMA_MODE_FAST, 128, LZMA_MF_HC3, 4
+        };
+        static const lzma_filter filters[] = {
+                { LZMA_FILTER_LZMA2, (lzma_options_lzma*) &opt },
+                { LZMA_VLI_UNKNOWN, NULL }
+        };
+        lzma_ret ret;
+        size_t out_pos = 0;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_alloc_size > 0);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        /* Returns < 0 if we couldn't compress the data or the
+         * compressed result is longer than the original */
+
+        if (src_size < 80)
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+        ret = lzma_stream_buffer_encode((lzma_filter*) filters, LZMA_CHECK_NONE, NULL,
+                                        src, src_size, dst, &out_pos, dst_alloc_size);
+        if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+        *dst_size = out_pos;
+        return COMPRESSION_XZ;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int compress_blob_lz4(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                      void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size) {
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        int r;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_alloc_size > 0);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        /* Returns < 0 if we couldn't compress the data or the
+         * compressed result is longer than the original */
+
+        if (src_size < 9)
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+        r = LZ4_compress_default(src, (char*)dst + 8, src_size, (int) dst_alloc_size - 8);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+        unaligned_write_le64(dst, src_size);
+        *dst_size = r + 8;
+
+        return COMPRESSION_LZ4;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int compress_blob_zstd(
+                const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size) {
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        size_t k;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_alloc_size > 0);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        k = ZSTD_compress(dst, dst_alloc_size, src, src_size, 0);
+        if (ZSTD_isError(k))
+                return zstd_ret_to_errno(k);
+
+        *dst_size = k;
+        return COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_blob_xz(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **dst,
+                size_t* dst_size,
+                size_t dst_max) {
+
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        _cleanup_(lzma_end) lzma_stream s = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
+        lzma_ret ret;
+        size_t space;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        ret = lzma_stream_decoder(&s, UINT64_MAX, 0);
+        if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        space = MIN(src_size * 2, dst_max ?: SIZE_MAX);
+        if (!greedy_realloc(dst, space, 1))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        s.next_in = src;
+        s.avail_in = src_size;
+
+        s.next_out = *dst;
+        s.avail_out = space;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t used;
+
+                ret = lzma_code(&s, LZMA_FINISH);
+
+                if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
+                        break;
+                else if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (dst_max > 0 && (space - s.avail_out) >= dst_max)
+                        break;
+                else if (dst_max > 0 && space == dst_max)
+                        return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                used = space - s.avail_out;
+                space = MIN(2 * space, dst_max ?: SIZE_MAX);
+                if (!greedy_realloc(dst, space, 1))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                s.avail_out = space - used;
+                s.next_out = *(uint8_t**)dst + used;
+        }
+
+        *dst_size = space - s.avail_out;
+        return 0;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_blob_lz4(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **dst,
+                size_t* dst_size,
+                size_t dst_max) {
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        char* out;
+        int r, size; /* LZ4 uses int for size */
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        if (src_size <= 8)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        size = unaligned_read_le64(src);
+        if (size < 0 || (unsigned) size != unaligned_read_le64(src))
+                return -EFBIG;
+        out = greedy_realloc(dst, size, 1);
+        if (!out)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = LZ4_decompress_safe((char*)src + 8, out, src_size - 8, size);
+        if (r < 0 || r != size)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        *dst_size = size;
+        return 0;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_blob_zstd(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **dst,
+                size_t *dst_size,
+                size_t dst_max) {
+
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        uint64_t size;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(dst);
+        assert(dst_size);
+
+        size = ZSTD_getFrameContentSize(src, src_size);
+        if (IN_SET(size, ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_ERROR, ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_UNKNOWN))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (dst_max > 0 && size > dst_max)
+                size = dst_max;
+        if (size > SIZE_MAX)
+                return -E2BIG;
+
+        if (!(greedy_realloc(dst, MAX(ZSTD_DStreamOutSize(), size), 1)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        _cleanup_(ZSTD_freeDCtxp) ZSTD_DCtx *dctx = ZSTD_createDCtx();
+        if (!dctx)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        ZSTD_inBuffer input = {
+                .src = src,
+                .size = src_size,
+        };
+        ZSTD_outBuffer output = {
+                .dst = *dst,
+                .size = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*dst),
+        };
+
+        size_t k = ZSTD_decompressStream(dctx, &output, &input);
+        if (ZSTD_isError(k)) {
+                log_debug("ZSTD decoder failed: %s", ZSTD_getErrorName(k));
+                return zstd_ret_to_errno(k);
+        }
+        assert(output.pos >= size);
+
+        *dst_size = size;
+        return 0;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_blob(
+                Compression compression,
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **dst,
+                size_t* dst_size,
+                size_t dst_max) {
+
+        if (compression == COMPRESSION_XZ)
+                return decompress_blob_xz(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                dst, dst_size, dst_max);
+        else if (compression == COMPRESSION_LZ4)
+                return decompress_blob_lz4(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                dst, dst_size, dst_max);
+        else if (compression == COMPRESSION_ZSTD)
+                return decompress_blob_zstd(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                dst, dst_size, dst_max);
+        else
+                return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int decompress_startswith_xz(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **buffer,
+                const void *prefix,
+                size_t prefix_len,
+                uint8_t extra) {
+
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        _cleanup_(lzma_end) lzma_stream s = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
+        size_t allocated;
+        lzma_ret ret;
+
+        /* Checks whether the decompressed blob starts with the mentioned prefix. The byte extra needs to
+         * follow the prefix */
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(buffer);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        ret = lzma_stream_decoder(&s, UINT64_MAX, 0);
+        if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (!(greedy_realloc(buffer, ALIGN_8(prefix_len + 1), 1)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        allocated = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*buffer);
+
+        s.next_in = src;
+        s.avail_in = src_size;
+
+        s.next_out = *buffer;
+        s.avail_out = allocated;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ret = lzma_code(&s, LZMA_FINISH);
+
+                if (!IN_SET(ret, LZMA_OK, LZMA_STREAM_END))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                if (allocated - s.avail_out >= prefix_len + 1)
+                        return memcmp(*buffer, prefix, prefix_len) == 0 &&
+                                ((const uint8_t*) *buffer)[prefix_len] == extra;
+
+                if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END)
+                        return 0;
+
+                s.avail_out += allocated;
+
+                if (!(greedy_realloc(buffer, allocated * 2, 1)))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                allocated = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*buffer);
+                s.next_out = *(uint8_t**)buffer + allocated - s.avail_out;
+        }
+
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_startswith_lz4(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **buffer,
+                const void *prefix,
+                size_t prefix_len,
+                uint8_t extra) {
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        /* Checks whether the decompressed blob starts with the mentioned prefix. The byte extra needs to
+         * follow the prefix */
+
+        size_t allocated;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(buffer);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        if (src_size <= 8)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (!(greedy_realloc(buffer, ALIGN_8(prefix_len + 1), 1)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        allocated = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*buffer);
+
+        r = LZ4_decompress_safe_partial(
+                        (char*)src + 8,
+                        *buffer,
+                        src_size - 8,
+                        prefix_len + 1,
+                        allocated);
+
+        /* One lz4 < 1.8.3, we might get "failure" (r < 0), or "success" where just a part of the buffer is
+         * decompressed. But if we get a smaller amount of bytes than requested, we don't know whether there
+         * isn't enough data to fill the requested size or whether we just got a partial answer.
+         */
+        if (r < 0 || (size_t) r < prefix_len + 1) {
+                size_t size;
+
+                if (LZ4_versionNumber() >= 10803)
+                        /* We trust that the newer lz4 decompresses the number of bytes we
+                         * requested if available in the compressed string. */
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (r > 0)
+                        /* Compare what we have first, in case of mismatch we can
+                         * shortcut the full comparison. */
+                        if (memcmp(*buffer, prefix, r) != 0)
+                                return 0;
+
+                /* Before version 1.8.3, lz4 always tries to decode full a "sequence",
+                 * so in pathological cases might need to decompress the full field. */
+                r = decompress_blob_lz4(src, src_size, buffer, &size, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (size < prefix_len + 1)
+                        return 0;
+        }
+
+        return memcmp(*buffer, prefix, prefix_len) == 0 &&
+                ((const uint8_t*) *buffer)[prefix_len] == extra;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_startswith_zstd(
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **buffer,
+                const void *prefix,
+                size_t prefix_len,
+                uint8_t extra) {
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        assert(src);
+        assert(src_size > 0);
+        assert(buffer);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        uint64_t size = ZSTD_getFrameContentSize(src, src_size);
+        if (IN_SET(size, ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_ERROR, ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_UNKNOWN))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (size < prefix_len + 1)
+                return 0; /* Decompressed text too short to match the prefix and extra */
+
+        _cleanup_(ZSTD_freeDCtxp) ZSTD_DCtx *dctx = ZSTD_createDCtx();
+        if (!dctx)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!(greedy_realloc(buffer, MAX(ZSTD_DStreamOutSize(), prefix_len + 1), 1)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        ZSTD_inBuffer input = {
+                .src = src,
+                .size = src_size,
+        };
+        ZSTD_outBuffer output = {
+                .dst = *buffer,
+                .size = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*buffer),
+        };
+        size_t k;
+
+        k = ZSTD_decompressStream(dctx, &output, &input);
+        if (ZSTD_isError(k)) {
+                log_debug("ZSTD decoder failed: %s", ZSTD_getErrorName(k));
+                return zstd_ret_to_errno(k);
+        }
+        assert(output.pos >= prefix_len + 1);
+
+        return memcmp(*buffer, prefix, prefix_len) == 0 &&
+                ((const uint8_t*) *buffer)[prefix_len] == extra;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_startswith(
+                Compression compression,
+                const void *src,
+                uint64_t src_size,
+                void **buffer,
+                const void *prefix,
+                size_t prefix_len,
+                uint8_t extra) {
+
+        if (compression == COMPRESSION_XZ)
+                return decompress_startswith_xz(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                buffer,
+                                prefix, prefix_len,
+                                extra);
+
+        else if (compression == COMPRESSION_LZ4)
+                return decompress_startswith_lz4(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                buffer,
+                                prefix, prefix_len,
+                                extra);
+        else if (compression == COMPRESSION_ZSTD)
+                return decompress_startswith_zstd(
+                                src, src_size,
+                                buffer,
+                                prefix, prefix_len,
+                                extra);
+        else
+                return -EBADMSG;
+}
+
+int compress_stream_xz(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size) {
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        _cleanup_(lzma_end) lzma_stream s = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
+        lzma_ret ret;
+        uint8_t buf[BUFSIZ], out[BUFSIZ];
+        lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
+
+        assert(fdf >= 0);
+        assert(fdt >= 0);
+
+        ret = lzma_easy_encoder(&s, LZMA_PRESET_DEFAULT, LZMA_CHECK_CRC64);
+        if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "Failed to initialize XZ encoder: code %u",
+                                       ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (s.avail_in == 0 && action == LZMA_RUN) {
+                        size_t m = sizeof(buf);
+                        ssize_t n;
+
+                        if (max_bytes != UINT64_MAX && (uint64_t) m > max_bytes)
+                                m = (size_t) max_bytes;
+
+                        n = read(fdf, buf, m);
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if (n == 0)
+                                action = LZMA_FINISH;
+                        else {
+                                s.next_in = buf;
+                                s.avail_in = n;
+
+                                if (max_bytes != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                        assert(max_bytes >= (uint64_t) n);
+                                        max_bytes -= n;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (s.avail_out == 0) {
+                        s.next_out = out;
+                        s.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+                }
+
+                ret = lzma_code(&s, action);
+                if (!IN_SET(ret, LZMA_OK, LZMA_STREAM_END))
+                        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADMSG),
+                                               "Compression failed: code %u",
+                                               ret);
+
+                if (s.avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
+                        ssize_t n, k;
+
+                        n = sizeof(out) - s.avail_out;
+
+                        k = loop_write(fdt, out, n, false);
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                return k;
+
+                        if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
+                                if (ret_uncompressed_size)
+                                        *ret_uncompressed_size = s.total_in;
+
+                                log_debug("XZ compression finished (%"PRIu64" -> %"PRIu64" bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                                          s.total_in, s.total_out,
+                                          (double) s.total_out / s.total_in * 100);
+
+                                return COMPRESSION_XZ;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+#define LZ4_BUFSIZE (512*1024u)
+
+int compress_stream_lz4(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size) {
+
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        LZ4F_errorCode_t c;
+        _cleanup_(LZ4F_freeCompressionContextp) LZ4F_compressionContext_t ctx = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *in_buff = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *out_buff = NULL;
+        size_t out_allocsize, n, offset = 0, frame_size;
+        uint64_t total_in = 0, total_out;
+        int r;
+        static const LZ4F_preferences_t preferences = {
+                .frameInfo.blockSizeID = 5,
+        };
+
+        c = LZ4F_createCompressionContext(&ctx, LZ4F_VERSION);
+        if (LZ4F_isError(c))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        frame_size = LZ4F_compressBound(LZ4_BUFSIZE, &preferences);
+        out_allocsize = frame_size + 64*1024; /* add some space for header and trailer */
+        out_buff = malloc(out_allocsize);
+        if (!out_buff)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        in_buff = malloc(LZ4_BUFSIZE);
+        if (!in_buff)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        n = offset = total_out = LZ4F_compressBegin(ctx, out_buff, out_allocsize, &preferences);
+        if (LZ4F_isError(n))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        log_debug("Buffer size is %zu bytes, header size %zu bytes.", out_allocsize, n);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ssize_t k;
+
+                k = loop_read(fdf, in_buff, LZ4_BUFSIZE, true);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        return k;
+                if (k == 0)
+                        break;
+                n = LZ4F_compressUpdate(ctx, out_buff + offset, out_allocsize - offset,
+                                        in_buff, k, NULL);
+                if (LZ4F_isError(n))
+                        return -ENOTRECOVERABLE;
+
+                total_in += k;
+                offset += n;
+                total_out += n;
+
+                if (max_bytes != UINT64_MAX && total_out > (size_t) max_bytes)
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EFBIG),
+                                               "Compressed stream longer than %" PRIu64 " bytes", max_bytes);
+
+                if (out_allocsize - offset < frame_size + 4) {
+                        k = loop_write(fdt, out_buff, offset, false);
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                return k;
+                        offset = 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        n = LZ4F_compressEnd(ctx, out_buff + offset, out_allocsize - offset, NULL);
+        if (LZ4F_isError(n))
+                return -ENOTRECOVERABLE;
+
+        offset += n;
+        total_out += n;
+        r = loop_write(fdt, out_buff, offset, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_uncompressed_size)
+                *ret_uncompressed_size = total_in;
+
+        log_debug("LZ4 compression finished (%" PRIu64 " -> %" PRIu64 " bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                  total_in, total_out,
+                  (double) total_out / total_in * 100);
+
+        return COMPRESSION_LZ4;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_stream_xz(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes) {
+
+#if HAVE_XZ
+        _cleanup_(lzma_end) lzma_stream s = LZMA_STREAM_INIT;
+        lzma_ret ret;
+
+        uint8_t buf[BUFSIZ], out[BUFSIZ];
+        lzma_action action = LZMA_RUN;
+
+        assert(fdf >= 0);
+        assert(fdt >= 0);
+
+        ret = lzma_stream_decoder(&s, UINT64_MAX, 0);
+        if (ret != LZMA_OK)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOMEM),
+                                       "Failed to initialize XZ decoder: code %u",
+                                       ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (s.avail_in == 0 && action == LZMA_RUN) {
+                        ssize_t n;
+
+                        n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if (n == 0)
+                                action = LZMA_FINISH;
+                        else {
+                                s.next_in = buf;
+                                s.avail_in = n;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (s.avail_out == 0) {
+                        s.next_out = out;
+                        s.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+                }
+
+                ret = lzma_code(&s, action);
+                if (!IN_SET(ret, LZMA_OK, LZMA_STREAM_END))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADMSG),
+                                               "Decompression failed: code %u",
+                                               ret);
+
+                if (s.avail_out == 0 || ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
+                        ssize_t n, k;
+
+                        n = sizeof(out) - s.avail_out;
+
+                        if (max_bytes != UINT64_MAX) {
+                                if (max_bytes < (uint64_t) n)
+                                        return -EFBIG;
+
+                                max_bytes -= n;
+                        }
+
+                        k = loop_write(fdt, out, n, false);
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                return k;
+
+                        if (ret == LZMA_STREAM_END) {
+                                log_debug("XZ decompression finished (%"PRIu64" -> %"PRIu64" bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                                          s.total_in, s.total_out,
+                                          (double) s.total_out / s.total_in * 100);
+
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+#else
+        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPROTONOSUPPORT),
+                               "Cannot decompress file. Compiled without XZ support.");
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_stream_lz4(int in, int out, uint64_t max_bytes) {
+#if HAVE_LZ4
+        size_t c;
+        _cleanup_(LZ4F_freeDecompressionContextp) LZ4F_decompressionContext_t ctx = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        char *src;
+        struct stat st;
+        int r = 0;
+        size_t total_in = 0, total_out = 0;
+
+        c = LZ4F_createDecompressionContext(&ctx, LZ4F_VERSION);
+        if (LZ4F_isError(c))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (fstat(in, &st) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "fstat() failed: %m");
+
+        if (file_offset_beyond_memory_size(st.st_size))
+                return -EFBIG;
+
+        buf = malloc(LZ4_BUFSIZE);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        src = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, in, 0);
+        if (src == MAP_FAILED)
+                return -errno;
+
+        while (total_in < (size_t) st.st_size) {
+                size_t produced = LZ4_BUFSIZE;
+                size_t used = st.st_size - total_in;
+
+                c = LZ4F_decompress(ctx, buf, &produced, src + total_in, &used, NULL);
+                if (LZ4F_isError(c)) {
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                }
+
+                total_in += used;
+                total_out += produced;
+
+                if (max_bytes != UINT64_MAX && total_out > (size_t) max_bytes) {
+                        log_debug("Decompressed stream longer than %"PRIu64" bytes", max_bytes);
+                        r = -EFBIG;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                }
+
+                r = loop_write(out, buf, produced, false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto cleanup;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("LZ4 decompression finished (%zu -> %zu bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                  total_in, total_out,
+                  total_in > 0 ? (double) total_out / total_in * 100 : 0.0);
+ cleanup:
+        munmap(src, st.st_size);
+        return r;
+#else
+        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPROTONOSUPPORT),
+                               "Cannot decompress file. Compiled without LZ4 support.");
+#endif
+}
+
+int compress_stream_zstd(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size) {
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        _cleanup_(ZSTD_freeCCtxp) ZSTD_CCtx *cctx = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *in_buff = NULL, *out_buff = NULL;
+        size_t in_allocsize, out_allocsize;
+        size_t z;
+        uint64_t left = max_bytes, in_bytes = 0;
+
+        assert(fdf >= 0);
+        assert(fdt >= 0);
+
+        /* Create the context and buffers */
+        in_allocsize = ZSTD_CStreamInSize();
+        out_allocsize = ZSTD_CStreamOutSize();
+        in_buff = malloc(in_allocsize);
+        out_buff = malloc(out_allocsize);
+        cctx = ZSTD_createCCtx();
+        if (!cctx || !out_buff || !in_buff)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        z = ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(cctx, ZSTD_c_checksumFlag, 1);
+        if (ZSTD_isError(z))
+                log_debug("Failed to enable ZSTD checksum, ignoring: %s", ZSTD_getErrorName(z));
+
+        /* This loop read from the input file, compresses that entire chunk,
+         * and writes all output produced to the output file.
+         */
+        for (;;) {
+                bool is_last_chunk;
+                ZSTD_inBuffer input = {
+                        .src = in_buff,
+                        .size = 0,
+                        .pos = 0
+                };
+                ssize_t red;
+
+                red = loop_read(fdf, in_buff, in_allocsize, true);
+                if (red < 0)
+                        return red;
+                is_last_chunk = red == 0;
+
+                in_bytes += (size_t) red;
+                input.size = (size_t) red;
+
+                for (bool finished = false; !finished;) {
+                        ZSTD_outBuffer output = {
+                                .dst = out_buff,
+                                .size = out_allocsize,
+                                .pos = 0
+                        };
+                        size_t remaining;
+                        ssize_t wrote;
+
+                        /* Compress into the output buffer and write all of the
+                         * output to the file so we can reuse the buffer next
+                         * iteration.
+                         */
+                        remaining = ZSTD_compressStream2(
+                                cctx, &output, &input,
+                                is_last_chunk ? ZSTD_e_end : ZSTD_e_continue);
+
+                        if (ZSTD_isError(remaining)) {
+                                log_debug("ZSTD encoder failed: %s", ZSTD_getErrorName(remaining));
+                                return zstd_ret_to_errno(remaining);
+                        }
+
+                        if (left < output.pos)
+                                return -EFBIG;
+
+                        wrote = loop_write(fdt, output.dst, output.pos, 1);
+                        if (wrote < 0)
+                                return wrote;
+
+                        left -= output.pos;
+
+                        /* If we're on the last chunk we're finished when zstd
+                         * returns 0, which means its consumed all the input AND
+                         * finished the frame. Otherwise, we're finished when
+                         * we've consumed all the input.
+                         */
+                        finished = is_last_chunk ? (remaining == 0) : (input.pos == input.size);
+                }
+
+                /* zstd only returns 0 when the input is completely consumed */
+                assert(input.pos == input.size);
+                if (is_last_chunk)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_uncompressed_size)
+                *ret_uncompressed_size = in_bytes;
+
+        if (in_bytes > 0)
+                log_debug("ZSTD compression finished (%" PRIu64 " -> %" PRIu64 " bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                          in_bytes, max_bytes - left, (double) (max_bytes - left) / in_bytes * 100);
+        else
+                log_debug("ZSTD compression finished (%" PRIu64 " -> %" PRIu64 " bytes)",
+                          in_bytes, max_bytes - left);
+
+        return COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
+#else
+        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_stream_zstd(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes) {
+#if HAVE_ZSTD
+        _cleanup_(ZSTD_freeDCtxp) ZSTD_DCtx *dctx = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *in_buff = NULL, *out_buff = NULL;
+        size_t in_allocsize, out_allocsize;
+        size_t last_result = 0;
+        uint64_t left = max_bytes, in_bytes = 0;
+
+        assert(fdf >= 0);
+        assert(fdt >= 0);
+
+        /* Create the context and buffers */
+        in_allocsize = ZSTD_DStreamInSize();
+        out_allocsize = ZSTD_DStreamOutSize();
+        in_buff = malloc(in_allocsize);
+        out_buff = malloc(out_allocsize);
+        dctx = ZSTD_createDCtx();
+        if (!dctx || !out_buff || !in_buff)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* This loop assumes that the input file is one or more concatenated
+         * zstd streams. This example won't work if there is trailing non-zstd
+         * data at the end, but streaming decompression in general handles this
+         * case. ZSTD_decompressStream() returns 0 exactly when the frame is
+         * completed, and doesn't consume input after the frame.
+         */
+        for (;;) {
+                bool has_error = false;
+                ZSTD_inBuffer input = {
+                        .src = in_buff,
+                        .size = 0,
+                        .pos = 0
+                };
+                ssize_t red;
+
+                red = loop_read(fdf, in_buff, in_allocsize, true);
+                if (red < 0)
+                        return red;
+                if (red == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                in_bytes += (size_t) red;
+                input.size = (size_t) red;
+                input.pos = 0;
+
+                /* Given a valid frame, zstd won't consume the last byte of the
+                 * frame until it has flushed all of the decompressed data of
+                 * the frame. So input.pos < input.size means frame is not done
+                 * or there is still output available.
+                 */
+                while (input.pos < input.size) {
+                        ZSTD_outBuffer output = {
+                                .dst = out_buff,
+                                .size = out_allocsize,
+                                .pos = 0
+                        };
+                        ssize_t wrote;
+                        /* The return code is zero if the frame is complete, but
+                         * there may be multiple frames concatenated together.
+                         * Zstd will automatically reset the context when a
+                         * frame is complete. Still, calling ZSTD_DCtx_reset()
+                         * can be useful to reset the context to a clean state,
+                         * for instance if the last decompression call returned
+                         * an error.
+                         */
+                        last_result = ZSTD_decompressStream(dctx, &output, &input);
+                        if (ZSTD_isError(last_result)) {
+                                has_error = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (left < output.pos)
+                                return -EFBIG;
+
+                        wrote = loop_write(fdt, output.dst, output.pos, 1);
+                        if (wrote < 0)
+                                return wrote;
+
+                        left -= output.pos;
+                }
+                if (has_error)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (in_bytes == 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADMSG), "ZSTD decoder failed: no data read");
+
+        if (last_result != 0) {
+                /* The last return value from ZSTD_decompressStream did not end
+                 * on a frame, but we reached the end of the file! We assume
+                 * this is an error, and the input was truncated.
+                 */
+                log_debug("ZSTD decoder failed: %s", ZSTD_getErrorName(last_result));
+                return zstd_ret_to_errno(last_result);
+        }
+
+        log_debug(
+                "ZSTD decompression finished (%" PRIu64 " -> %" PRIu64 " bytes, %.1f%%)",
+                in_bytes,
+                max_bytes - left,
+                (double) (max_bytes - left) / in_bytes * 100);
+        return 0;
+#else
+        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPROTONOSUPPORT),
+                               "Cannot decompress file. Compiled without ZSTD support.");
+#endif
+}
+
+int decompress_stream(const char *filename, int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes) {
+
+        if (endswith(filename, ".lz4"))
+                return decompress_stream_lz4(fdf, fdt, max_bytes);
+        else if (endswith(filename, ".xz"))
+                return decompress_stream_xz(fdf, fdt, max_bytes);
+        else if (endswith(filename, ".zst"))
+                return decompress_stream_zstd(fdf, fdt, max_bytes);
+        else
+                return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/compress.h b/src/basic/compress.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..583b105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/compress.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+typedef enum Compression {
+        COMPRESSION_NONE,
+        COMPRESSION_XZ,
+        COMPRESSION_LZ4,
+        COMPRESSION_ZSTD,
+        _COMPRESSION_MAX,
+        _COMPRESSION_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} Compression;
+
+const char* compression_to_string(Compression compression);
+Compression compression_from_string(const char *compression);
+
+int compress_blob_xz(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                     void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size);
+int compress_blob_lz4(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                      void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size);
+int compress_blob_zstd(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                       void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size);
+
+int decompress_blob_xz(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                       void **dst, size_t* dst_size, size_t dst_max);
+int decompress_blob_lz4(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                        void **dst, size_t* dst_size, size_t dst_max);
+int decompress_blob_zstd(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                        void **dst, size_t* dst_size, size_t dst_max);
+int decompress_blob(Compression compression,
+                    const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                    void **dst, size_t* dst_size, size_t dst_max);
+
+int decompress_startswith_xz(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                             void **buffer,
+                             const void *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+                             uint8_t extra);
+int decompress_startswith_lz4(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                              void **buffer,
+                              const void *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+                              uint8_t extra);
+int decompress_startswith_zstd(const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                               void **buffer,
+                               const void *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+                               uint8_t extra);
+int decompress_startswith(Compression compression,
+                          const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                          void **buffer,
+                          const void *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+                          uint8_t extra);
+
+int compress_stream_xz(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size);
+int compress_stream_lz4(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size);
+int compress_stream_zstd(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size);
+
+int decompress_stream_xz(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_size);
+int decompress_stream_lz4(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_size);
+int decompress_stream_zstd(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_size);
+
+static inline int compress_blob_explicit(
+                Compression compression,
+                const void *src, uint64_t src_size,
+                void *dst, size_t dst_alloc_size, size_t *dst_size) {
+
+        switch (compression) {
+        case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
+                return compress_blob_zstd(src, src_size, dst, dst_alloc_size, dst_size);
+        case COMPRESSION_LZ4:
+                return compress_blob_lz4(src, src_size, dst, dst_alloc_size, dst_size);
+        case COMPRESSION_XZ:
+                return compress_blob_xz(src, src_size, dst, dst_alloc_size, dst_size);
+        default:
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        }
+}
+
+#define compress_blob(src, src_size, dst, dst_alloc_size, dst_size) \
+        compress_blob_explicit(                                     \
+                DEFAULT_COMPRESSION,                                \
+                src, src_size,                                      \
+                dst, dst_alloc_size, dst_size)
+
+static inline int compress_stream(int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes, uint64_t *ret_uncompressed_size) {
+        switch (DEFAULT_COMPRESSION) {
+        case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
+                return compress_stream_zstd(fdf, fdt, max_bytes, ret_uncompressed_size);
+        case COMPRESSION_LZ4:
+                return compress_stream_lz4(fdf, fdt, max_bytes, ret_uncompressed_size);
+        case COMPRESSION_XZ:
+                return compress_stream_xz(fdf, fdt, max_bytes, ret_uncompressed_size);
+        default:
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        }
+}
+
+static inline const char* default_compression_extension(void) {
+        switch (DEFAULT_COMPRESSION) {
+        case COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
+                return ".zst";
+        case COMPRESSION_LZ4:
+                return ".lz4";
+        case COMPRESSION_XZ:
+                return ".xz";
+        default:
+                return "";
+        }
+}
+
+int decompress_stream(const char *filename, int fdf, int fdt, uint64_t max_bytes);
diff --git a/src/basic/conf-files.c b/src/basic/conf-files.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..532c9d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/conf-files.c
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "conf-files.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+
+static int files_add(
+                Hashmap *h,
+                Set *masked,
+                const char *suffix,
+                const char *root,
+                unsigned flags,
+                const char *path) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dirpath = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(h);
+        assert((flags & CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED) == 0 || masked);
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir(path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, &dirpath, &dir);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to open directory '%s/%s': %m", empty_or_root(root) ? "" : root, dirpath);
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, dir, return -errno) {
+                struct stat st;
+                char *p, *key;
+
+                /* Does this match the suffix? */
+                if (suffix && !endswith(de->d_name, suffix))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Has this file already been found in an earlier directory? */
+                if (hashmap_contains(h, de->d_name)) {
+                        log_debug("Skipping overridden file '%s/%s'.", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Has this been masked in an earlier directory? */
+                if ((flags & CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED) && set_contains(masked, de->d_name)) {
+                        log_debug("File '%s/%s' is masked by previous entry.", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Read file metadata if we shall validate the check for file masks, for node types or whether the node is marked executable. */
+                if (flags & (CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED|CONF_FILES_REGULAR|CONF_FILES_DIRECTORY|CONF_FILES_EXECUTABLE))
+                        if (fstatat(dirfd(dir), de->d_name, &st, 0) < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat '%s/%s', ignoring: %m", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                /* Is this a masking entry? */
+                if ((flags & CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED))
+                        if (null_or_empty(&st)) {
+                                assert(masked);
+
+                                /* Mark this one as masked */
+                                r = set_put_strdup(&masked, de->d_name);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                log_debug("File '%s/%s' is a mask.", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                /* Does this node have the right type? */
+                if (flags & (CONF_FILES_REGULAR|CONF_FILES_DIRECTORY))
+                        if (!((flags & CONF_FILES_DIRECTORY) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) &&
+                            !((flags & CONF_FILES_REGULAR) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))) {
+                                log_debug("Ignoring '%s/%s', as it does not have the right type.", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                /* Does this node have the executable bit set? */
+                if (flags & CONF_FILES_EXECUTABLE)
+                        /* As requested: check if the file is marked executable. Note that we don't check access(X_OK)
+                         * here, as we care about whether the file is marked executable at all, and not whether it is
+                         * executable for us, because if so, such errors are stuff we should log about. */
+
+                        if ((st.st_mode & 0111) == 0) { /* not executable */
+                                log_debug("Ignoring '%s/%s', as it is not marked executable.", dirpath, de->d_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                if (flags & CONF_FILES_BASENAME) {
+                        p = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        key = p;
+                } else {
+                        p = path_join(dirpath, de->d_name);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        key = basename(p);
+                }
+
+                r = hashmap_put(h, key, p);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        free(p);
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to add item to hashmap: %m");
+                }
+
+                assert(r > 0);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int base_cmp(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        return strcmp(basename(*a), basename(*b));
+}
+
+static int conf_files_list_strv_internal(
+                char ***ret,
+                const char *suffix,
+                const char *root,
+                unsigned flags,
+                char **dirs) {
+
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *fh = NULL;
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *masked = NULL;
+        char **files;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* This alters the dirs string array */
+        if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(dirs, root))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        fh = hashmap_new(&path_hash_ops);
+        if (!fh)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (flags & CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED) {
+                masked = set_new(&path_hash_ops);
+                if (!masked)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, dirs) {
+                r = files_add(fh, masked, suffix, root, flags, *p);
+                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                        return r;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to search for files in %s, ignoring: %m", *p);
+        }
+
+        files = hashmap_get_strv(fh);
+        if (!files)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(files, hashmap_size(fh), base_cmp);
+        *ret = files;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int conf_files_insert(char ***strv, const char *root, char **dirs, const char *path) {
+        /* Insert a path into strv, at the place honouring the usual sorting rules:
+         * - we first compare by the basename
+         * - and then we compare by dirname, allowing just one file with the given
+         *   basename.
+         * This means that we will
+         * - add a new entry if basename(path) was not on the list,
+         * - do nothing if an entry with higher priority was already present,
+         * - do nothing if our new entry matches the existing entry,
+         * - replace the existing entry if our new entry has higher priority.
+         */
+        size_t i, n;
+        char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        n = strv_length(*strv);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                int c;
+
+                c = base_cmp((char* const*) *strv + i, (char* const*) &path);
+                if (c == 0)
+                        /* Oh, there already is an entry with a matching name (the last component). */
+                        STRV_FOREACH(dir, dirs) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *rdir = NULL;
+                                char *p1, *p2;
+
+                                rdir = path_join(root, *dir);
+                                if (!rdir)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                p1 = path_startswith((*strv)[i], rdir);
+                                if (p1)
+                                        /* Existing entry with higher priority
+                                         * or same priority, no need to do anything. */
+                                        return 0;
+
+                                p2 = path_startswith(path, *dir);
+                                if (p2) {
+                                        /* Our new entry has higher priority */
+
+                                        t = path_join(root, path);
+                                        if (!t)
+                                                return log_oom();
+
+                                        return free_and_replace((*strv)[i], t);
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                else if (c > 0)
+                        /* Following files have lower priority, let's go insert our
+                         * new entry. */
+                        break;
+
+                /* … we are not there yet, let's continue */
+        }
+
+        /* The new file has lower priority than all the existing entries */
+        t = path_join(root, path);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = strv_insert(strv, i, t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                free(t);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int conf_files_list_strv(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char* const* dirs) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        copy = strv_copy((char**) dirs);
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return conf_files_list_strv_internal(ret, suffix, root, flags, copy);
+}
+
+int conf_files_list(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char *dir) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dirs = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        dirs = strv_new(dir);
+        if (!dirs)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return conf_files_list_strv_internal(ret, suffix, root, flags, dirs);
+}
+
+int conf_files_list_nulstr(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char *dirs) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **d = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        d = strv_split_nulstr(dirs);
+        if (!d)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return conf_files_list_strv_internal(ret, suffix, root, flags, d);
+}
+
+int conf_files_list_with_replacement(
+                const char *root,
+                char **config_dirs,
+                const char *replacement,
+                char ***ret_files,
+                char **ret_replace_file) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(config_dirs);
+        assert(ret_files);
+        assert(ret_replace_file || !replacement);
+
+        r = conf_files_list_strv(&f, ".conf", root, 0, (const char* const*) config_dirs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enumerate config files: %m");
+
+        if (replacement) {
+                r = conf_files_insert(&f, root, config_dirs, replacement);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to extend config file list: %m");
+
+                p = path_join(root, replacement);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        *ret_files = TAKE_PTR(f);
+        if (ret_replace_file)
+                *ret_replace_file = TAKE_PTR(p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/conf-files.h b/src/basic/conf-files.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7774ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/conf-files.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+enum {
+        CONF_FILES_EXECUTABLE    = 1 << 0,
+        CONF_FILES_REGULAR       = 1 << 1,
+        CONF_FILES_DIRECTORY     = 1 << 2,
+        CONF_FILES_BASENAME      = 1 << 3,
+        CONF_FILES_FILTER_MASKED = 1 << 4,
+};
+
+int conf_files_list(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char *dir);
+int conf_files_list_strv(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char* const* dirs);
+int conf_files_list_nulstr(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, unsigned flags, const char *dirs);
+int conf_files_insert(char ***strv, const char *root, char **dirs, const char *path);
+int conf_files_list_with_replacement(
+                const char *root,
+                char **config_dirs,
+                const char *replacement,
+                char ***files,
+                char **replace_file);
diff --git a/src/basic/coverage.h b/src/basic/coverage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c30482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/coverage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* Use the coverage-related tweaks below only for C stuff as they're not really
+ * C++ compatible, and the only thing that is built with a C++ compiler is
+ * the lone test-bus-vtable-cc unit test.
+ */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+
+void __gcov_dump(void);
+void __gcov_reset(void);
+
+/* When built with --coverage (gcov) we need to explicitly call __gcov_dump()
+ * in places where we use _exit(), since _exit() skips at-exit hooks resulting
+ * in lost coverage.
+ *
+ * To make sure we don't miss any _exit() calls, this header file is included
+ * explicitly on the compiler command line via the -include directive (only
+ * when built with -Db_coverage=true)
+ */
+void _exit(int);
+
+static inline _Noreturn void _coverage__exit(int status) {
+        __gcov_dump();
+        _exit(status);
+}
+#define _exit(x) _coverage__exit(x)
+
+/* gcov provides wrappers for the exec*() calls but there's none for execveat()
+ * and execvpe() which means we lose all coverage prior to such call. To mitigate
+ * this, let's add simple wrappers in gcov's style[0] for these exec*() calls,
+ * which dump and reset the coverage data as needed.
+ *
+ * [0] https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=blob;f=libgcc/libgcov-interface.c;h=b2ee930864183b78c8826255183ca86e15e21ded;hb=HEAD
+ */
+
+int execveat(int, const char *, char * const [], char * const [], int);
+int execvpe(const char *, char * const [], char * const []);
+
+static inline int _coverage_execveat(
+                        int dirfd,
+                        const char *pathname,
+                        char * const argv[],
+                        char * const envp[],
+                        int flags) {
+        __gcov_dump();
+        int r = execveat(dirfd, pathname, argv, envp, flags);
+        __gcov_reset();
+
+        return r;
+}
+#define execveat(d,p,a,e,f) _coverage_execveat(d, p, a, e, f)
+
+static inline int _coverage_execvpe(
+                        const char *file,
+                        char * const argv[],
+                        char * const envp[]) {
+        __gcov_dump();
+        int r = execvpe(file, argv, envp);
+        __gcov_reset();
+
+        return r;
+}
+#define execvpe(f,a,e) _coverage_execvpe(f, a, e)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/def.h b/src/basic/def.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b4de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC (90*USEC_PER_SEC)
+#define DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC (100*USEC_PER_MSEC)
+#define DEFAULT_CONFIRM_USEC (30*USEC_PER_SEC)
+
+/* We use an extra-long timeout for the reload. This is because a reload or reexec means generators are rerun
+ * which are timed out after DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC. Let's use twice that time here, so that the generators can
+ * have their timeout, and for everything else there's the same time budget in place. */
+#define DAEMON_RELOAD_TIMEOUT_SEC (DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC * 2)
+
+#define DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_INTERVAL (10*USEC_PER_SEC)
+#define DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST 5
+
+/* The default time after which exit-on-idle services exit. This
+ * should be kept lower than the watchdog timeout, because otherwise
+ * the watchdog pings will keep the loop busy. */
+#define DEFAULT_EXIT_USEC (30*USEC_PER_SEC)
+
+/* The default value for the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen sysctl */
+#define DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN 512UL
+
+#define SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER SIGSEGV,SIGILL,SIGFPE,SIGBUS,SIGQUIT,SIGABRT
+#define SIGNALS_IGNORE SIGPIPE
+
+#define NOTIFY_FD_MAX 768
+#define NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX PIPE_BUF
+
+#if HAVE_SPLIT_USR
+#  define _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR_NULSTR(n) "/lib/" n "\0"
+#  define _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR(n) , "/lib/" n
+#else
+#  define _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR_NULSTR(n)
+#  define _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR(n)
+#endif
+
+/* Return a nulstr for a standard cascade of configuration paths,
+ * suitable to pass to conf_files_list_nulstr() or config_parse_many_nulstr()
+ * to implement drop-in directories for extending configuration
+ * files. */
+#define CONF_PATHS_NULSTR(n)                    \
+        "/etc/" n "\0"                          \
+        "/run/" n "\0"                          \
+        "/usr/local/lib/" n "\0"                \
+        "/usr/lib/" n "\0"                      \
+        _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR_NULSTR(n)
+
+#define CONF_PATHS_USR(n)                       \
+        "/etc/" n,                              \
+        "/run/" n,                              \
+        "/usr/local/lib/" n,                    \
+        "/usr/lib/" n
+
+#define CONF_PATHS(n)                           \
+        CONF_PATHS_USR(n)                       \
+        _CONF_PATHS_SPLIT_USR(n)
+
+#define CONF_PATHS_USR_STRV(n)                  \
+        STRV_MAKE(CONF_PATHS_USR(n))
+
+#define CONF_PATHS_STRV(n)                      \
+        STRV_MAKE(CONF_PATHS(n))
+
+/* The limit for PID 1 itself (which is not inherited to children) */
+#define HIGH_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (1024ULL*1024ULL*64ULL)
+
+/* Since kernel 5.16 the kernel default limit was raised to 8M. Let's adjust things on old kernels too, and
+ * in containers so that our children inherit that. */
+#define DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (1024ULL*1024ULL*8ULL)
+
+#define PLYMOUTH_SOCKET {                                       \
+                .un.sun_family = AF_UNIX,                       \
+                .un.sun_path = "\0/org/freedesktop/plymouthd",  \
+        }
+
+/* Path where PID1 listens for varlink subscriptions from systemd-oomd to notify of changes in ManagedOOM settings. */
+#define VARLINK_ADDR_PATH_MANAGED_OOM_SYSTEM "/run/systemd/io.system.ManagedOOM"
+/* Path where systemd-oomd listens for varlink connections from user managers to report changes in ManagedOOM settings. */
+#define VARLINK_ADDR_PATH_MANAGED_OOM_USER "/run/systemd/oom/io.system.ManagedOOM"
+
+#define KERNEL_BASELINE_VERSION "4.15"
diff --git a/src/basic/devnum-util.c b/src/basic/devnum-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd1b4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/devnum-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "devnum-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int parse_devnum(const char *s, dev_t *ret) {
+        const char *major;
+        unsigned x, y;
+        size_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        n = strspn(s, DIGITS);
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (n > DECIMAL_STR_MAX(dev_t))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (s[n] != ':')
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        major = strndupa_safe(s, n);
+        r = safe_atou(major, &x);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = safe_atou(s + n + 1, &y);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!DEVICE_MAJOR_VALID(x) || !DEVICE_MINOR_VALID(y))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = makedev(x, y);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_path_make_major_minor(mode_t mode, dev_t devnum, char **ret) {
+        const char *t;
+
+        /* Generates the /dev/{char|block}/MAJOR:MINOR path for a dev_t */
+
+        if (S_ISCHR(mode))
+                t = "char";
+        else if (S_ISBLK(mode))
+                t = "block";
+        else
+                return -ENODEV;
+
+        if (asprintf(ret, "/dev/%s/" DEVNUM_FORMAT_STR, t, DEVNUM_FORMAT_VAL(devnum)) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_path_make_inaccessible(mode_t mode, char **ret) {
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (S_ISCHR(mode))
+                s = strdup("/run/systemd/inaccessible/chr");
+        else if (S_ISBLK(mode))
+                s = strdup("/run/systemd/inaccessible/blk");
+        else
+                return -ENODEV;
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int device_path_make_canonical(mode_t mode, dev_t devnum, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Finds the canonical path for a device, i.e. resolves the /dev/{char|block}/MAJOR:MINOR path to the end. */
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (major(devnum) == 0 && minor(devnum) == 0)
+                /* A special hack to make sure our 'inaccessible' device nodes work. They won't have symlinks in
+                 * /dev/block/ and /dev/char/, hence we handle them specially here. */
+                return device_path_make_inaccessible(mode, ret);
+
+        r = device_path_make_major_minor(mode, devnum, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return chase_symlinks(p, NULL, 0, ret, NULL);
+}
+
+int device_path_parse_major_minor(const char *path, mode_t *ret_mode, dev_t *ret_devnum) {
+        mode_t mode;
+        dev_t devnum;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Tries to extract the major/minor directly from the device path if we can. Handles /dev/block/ and /dev/char/
+         * paths, as well out synthetic inaccessible device nodes. Never goes to disk. Returns -ENODEV if the device
+         * path cannot be parsed like this.  */
+
+        if (path_equal(path, "/run/systemd/inaccessible/chr")) {
+                mode = S_IFCHR;
+                devnum = makedev(0, 0);
+        } else if (path_equal(path, "/run/systemd/inaccessible/blk")) {
+                mode = S_IFBLK;
+                devnum = makedev(0, 0);
+        } else {
+                const char *w;
+
+                w = path_startswith(path, "/dev/block/");
+                if (w)
+                        mode = S_IFBLK;
+                else {
+                        w = path_startswith(path, "/dev/char/");
+                        if (!w)
+                                return -ENODEV;
+
+                        mode = S_IFCHR;
+                }
+
+                r = parse_devnum(w, &devnum);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_mode)
+                *ret_mode = mode;
+        if (ret_devnum)
+                *ret_devnum = devnum;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/devnum-util.h b/src/basic/devnum-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38aa4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/devnum-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+
+int parse_devnum(const char *s, dev_t *ret);
+
+/* glibc and the Linux kernel have different ideas about the major/minor size. These calls will check whether the
+ * specified major is valid by the Linux kernel's standards, not by glibc's. Linux has 20bits of minor, and 12 bits of
+ * major space. See MINORBITS in linux/kdev_t.h in the kernel sources. (If you wonder why we define _y here, instead of
+ * comparing directly >= 0: it's to trick out -Wtype-limits, which would otherwise complain if the type is unsigned, as
+ * such a test would be pointless in such a case.) */
+
+#define DEVICE_MAJOR_VALID(x)                                           \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(x) _x = (x), _y = 0;                             \
+                _x >= _y && _x < (UINT32_C(1) << 12);                   \
+                                                                        \
+        })
+
+#define DEVICE_MINOR_VALID(x)                                           \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(x) _x = (x), _y = 0;                             \
+                _x >= _y && _x < (UINT32_C(1) << 20);                   \
+        })
+
+int device_path_make_major_minor(mode_t mode, dev_t devnum, char **ret);
+int device_path_make_inaccessible(mode_t mode, char **ret);
+int device_path_make_canonical(mode_t mode, dev_t devnum, char **ret);
+int device_path_parse_major_minor(const char *path, mode_t *ret_mode, dev_t *ret_devnum);
+
+static inline bool devnum_set_and_equal(dev_t a, dev_t b) {
+        /* Returns true if a and b definitely refer to the same device. If either is zero, this means "don't
+         * know" and we'll return false */
+        return a == b && a != 0;
+}
+
+/* Maximum string length for a major:minor string. (Note that DECIMAL_STR_MAX includes space for a trailing NUL) */
+#define DEVNUM_STR_MAX (DECIMAL_STR_MAX(dev_t)-1+1+DECIMAL_STR_MAX(dev_t))
+
+#define DEVNUM_FORMAT_STR "%u:%u"
+#define DEVNUM_FORMAT_VAL(d) major(d), minor(d)
+
+static inline char *format_devnum(dev_t d, char buf[static DEVNUM_STR_MAX]) {
+        return ASSERT_PTR(snprintf_ok(buf, DEVNUM_STR_MAX, DEVNUM_FORMAT_STR, DEVNUM_FORMAT_VAL(d)));
+}
+
+#define FORMAT_DEVNUM(d) format_devnum((d), (char[DEVNUM_STR_MAX]) {})
diff --git a/src/basic/dirent-util.c b/src/basic/dirent-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2eea228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/dirent-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+static int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
+        STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(sx);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(d);
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (dot_or_dot_dot(de->d_name)) {
+                de->d_type = DT_DIR;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Let's ask only for the type, nothing else. */
+        r = statx_fallback(dirfd(d), de->d_name, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW|AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT, STATX_TYPE, &sx);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        assert(FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_mask, STATX_TYPE));
+        de->d_type = IFTODT(sx.stx_mode);
+
+        /* If the inode is passed too, update the field, i.e. report most recent data */
+        if (FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_mask, STATX_INO))
+                de->d_ino = sx.stx_ino;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_REG, DT_LNK, DT_UNKNOWN))
+                return false;
+
+        if (hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_REG, DT_LNK, DT_UNKNOWN))
+                return false;
+
+        if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+                return false;
+
+        if (!suffix)
+                return true;
+
+        return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
+}
+
+struct dirent *readdir_ensure_type(DIR *d) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(d);
+
+        /* Like readdir(), but fills in .d_type if it is DT_UNKNOWN */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct dirent *de;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                de = readdir(d);
+                if (!de)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                r = dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return de;
+                if (r != -ENOENT) {
+                        errno = -r; /* We want to be compatible with readdir(), hence propagate error via errno here */
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                /* Vanished by now? Then skip immediately to next */
+        }
+}
+
+struct dirent *readdir_no_dot(DIR *d) {
+        assert(d);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct dirent *de;
+
+                de = readdir_ensure_type(d);
+                if (!de || !dot_or_dot_dot(de->d_name))
+                        return de;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/dirent-util.h b/src/basic/dirent-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ac256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/dirent-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;
+
+struct dirent *readdir_ensure_type(DIR *d);
+struct dirent *readdir_no_dot(DIR *dirp);
+
+#define FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error)                             \
+        for (struct dirent *(de) = readdir_ensure_type(d);; (de) = readdir_ensure_type(d)) \
+                if (!de) {                                              \
+                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
+                                on_error;                               \
+                        }                                               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                } else
+
+#define FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, on_error)                                 \
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error)                             \
+             if (hidden_or_backup_file((de)->d_name))                   \
+                     continue;                                          \
+             else
+
+/* Maximum space one dirent structure might require at most */
+#define DIRENT_SIZE_MAX CONST_MAX(sizeof(struct dirent), offsetof(struct dirent, d_name) + NAME_MAX + 1)
+
+/* Only if 64bit off_t is enabled struct dirent + struct dirent64 are actually the same. We require this, and
+ * we want them to be interchangeable to make getdents64() work, hence verify that. */
+assert_cc(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64);
+#if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT64
+assert_cc(sizeof(struct dirent) == sizeof(struct dirent64));
+assert_cc(offsetof(struct dirent, d_ino) == offsetof(struct dirent64, d_ino));
+assert_cc(sizeof_field(struct dirent, d_ino) == sizeof_field(struct dirent64, d_ino));
+assert_cc(offsetof(struct dirent, d_off) == offsetof(struct dirent64, d_off));
+assert_cc(sizeof_field(struct dirent, d_off) == sizeof_field(struct dirent64, d_off));
+assert_cc(offsetof(struct dirent, d_reclen) == offsetof(struct dirent64, d_reclen));
+assert_cc(sizeof_field(struct dirent, d_reclen) == sizeof_field(struct dirent64, d_reclen));
+assert_cc(offsetof(struct dirent, d_type) == offsetof(struct dirent64, d_type));
+assert_cc(sizeof_field(struct dirent, d_type) == sizeof_field(struct dirent64, d_type));
+assert_cc(offsetof(struct dirent, d_name) == offsetof(struct dirent64, d_name));
+assert_cc(sizeof_field(struct dirent, d_name) == sizeof_field(struct dirent64, d_name));
+#endif
+
+#define FOREACH_DIRENT_IN_BUFFER(de, buf, sz)                           \
+        for (void *_end = (uint8_t*) ({ (de) = (buf); }) + (sz);        \
+             (uint8_t*) (de) < (uint8_t*) _end;                         \
+             (de) = (struct dirent*) ((uint8_t*) (de) + (de)->d_reclen))
+
+#define DEFINE_DIRENT_BUFFER(name, sz)                                  \
+        union {                                                         \
+                struct dirent de;                                       \
+                uint8_t data[(sz) * DIRENT_SIZE_MAX];                   \
+        } name
diff --git a/src/basic/dns-def.h b/src/basic/dns-def.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d70220b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/dns-def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* Length of a single label, with all escaping removed, excluding any trailing dot or NUL byte */
+#define DNS_LABEL_MAX 63
+
+/* Worst case length of a single label, with all escaping applied and room for a trailing NUL byte. */
+#define DNS_LABEL_ESCAPED_MAX (DNS_LABEL_MAX*4+1)
+
+/* Maximum length of a full hostname, consisting of a series of unescaped labels, and no trailing dot or NUL byte */
+#define DNS_HOSTNAME_MAX 253
+
+/* Maximum length of a full hostname, on the wire, including the final NUL byte */
+#define DNS_WIRE_FORMAT_HOSTNAME_MAX 255
+
+/* Maximum number of labels per valid hostname */
+#define DNS_N_LABELS_MAX 127
diff --git a/src/basic/efivars.c b/src/basic/efivars.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..847b6da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/efivars.c
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chattr-util.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+#if ENABLE_EFI
+
+/* Reads from efivarfs sometimes fail with EINTR. Retry that many times. */
+#define EFI_N_RETRIES_NO_DELAY 20
+#define EFI_N_RETRIES_TOTAL 25
+#define EFI_RETRY_DELAY (50 * USEC_PER_MSEC)
+
+int efi_get_variable(
+                const char *variable,
+                uint32_t *ret_attribute,
+                void **ret_value,
+                size_t *ret_size) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ void *buf = NULL;
+        struct stat st;
+        usec_t begin = 0; /* Unnecessary initialization to appease gcc */
+        uint32_t a;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(variable);
+
+        const char *p = strjoina("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/", variable);
+
+        if (!ret_value && !ret_size && !ret_attribute) {
+                /* If caller is not interested in anything, just check if the variable exists and is
+                 * readable. */
+                if (access(p, R_OK) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (DEBUG_LOGGING) {
+                log_debug("Reading EFI variable %s.", p);
+                begin = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        }
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "open(\"%s\") failed: %m", p);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "fstat(\"%s\") failed: %m", p);
+        if (st.st_size < 4)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENODATA), "EFI variable %s is shorter than 4 bytes, refusing.", p);
+        if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024 + 4)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(E2BIG), "EFI variable %s is ridiculously large, refusing.", p);
+
+        if (ret_value || ret_attribute) {
+                /* The kernel ratelimits reads from the efivarfs because EFI is inefficient, and we'll
+                 * occasionally fail with EINTR here. A slowdown is better than a failure for us, so
+                 * retry a few times and eventually fail with -EBUSY.
+                 *
+                 * See https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/fs/efivarfs/file.c#L75
+                 * and
+                 * https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/bef3efbeb897b56867e271cdbc5f8adaacaeb9cd.
+                 */
+                for (unsigned try = 0;; try++) {
+                        n = read(fd, &a, sizeof(a));
+                        if (n >= 0)
+                                break;
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Reading from \"%s\" failed: %m", p);
+                        if (errno != EINTR)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if (try >= EFI_N_RETRIES_TOTAL)
+                                return -EBUSY;
+
+                        if (try >= EFI_N_RETRIES_NO_DELAY)
+                                (void) usleep(EFI_RETRY_DELAY);
+                }
+
+                if (n != sizeof(a))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO),
+                                               "Read %zi bytes from EFI variable %s, expected %zu.",  n, p, sizeof(a));
+        }
+
+        if (ret_value) {
+                buf = malloc(st.st_size - 4 + 3);
+                if (!buf)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n = read(fd, buf, (size_t) st.st_size - 4);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to read value of EFI variable %s: %m", p);
+                assert(n <= st.st_size - 4);
+
+                /* Always NUL-terminate (3 bytes, to properly protect UTF-16, even if truncated in the middle
+                 * of a character) */
+                ((char*) buf)[n] = 0;
+                ((char*) buf)[n + 1] = 0;
+                ((char*) buf)[n + 2] = 0;
+        } else
+                /* Assume that the reported size is accurate */
+                n = st.st_size - 4;
+
+        if (DEBUG_LOGGING) {
+                usec_t end = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                if (end > begin + EFI_RETRY_DELAY)
+                        log_debug("Detected slow EFI variable read access on %s: %s",
+                                  variable, FORMAT_TIMESPAN(end - begin, 1));
+        }
+
+        /* Note that efivarfs interestingly doesn't require ftruncate() to update an existing EFI variable
+         * with a smaller value. */
+
+        if (ret_attribute)
+                *ret_attribute = a;
+
+        if (ret_value)
+                *ret_value = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+
+        if (ret_size)
+                *ret_size = n;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int efi_get_variable_string(const char *variable, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ void *s = NULL;
+        size_t ss = 0;
+        int r;
+        char *x;
+
+        r = efi_get_variable(variable, NULL, &s, &ss);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        x = utf16_to_utf8(s, ss);
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = x;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int efi_verify_variable(const char *variable, uint32_t attr, const void *value, size_t size) {
+        _cleanup_free_ void *buf = NULL;
+        size_t n;
+        uint32_t a;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(variable);
+        assert(value || size == 0);
+
+        r = efi_get_variable(variable, &a, &buf, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return a == attr && memcmp_nn(buf, n, value, size) == 0;
+}
+
+int efi_set_variable(const char *variable, const void *value, size_t size) {
+        struct var {
+                uint32_t attr;
+                char buf[];
+        } _packed_ * _cleanup_free_ buf = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        uint32_t attr = EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE|EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS|EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS;
+        bool saved_flags_valid = false;
+        unsigned saved_flags;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(variable);
+        assert(value || size == 0);
+
+        const char *p = strjoina("/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/", variable);
+
+        /* size 0 means removal, empty variable would not be enough for that */
+        if (size > 0 && efi_verify_variable(variable, attr, value, size) > 0) {
+                log_debug("Variable '%s' is already in wanted state, skipping write.", variable);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Newer efivarfs protects variables that are not in an allow list with FS_IMMUTABLE_FL by default,
+         * to protect them for accidental removal and modification. We are not changing these variables
+         * accidentally however, hence let's unset the bit first. */
+
+        r = chattr_path(p, 0, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, &saved_flags);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to drop FS_IMMUTABLE_FL flag from '%s', ignoring: %m", p);
+
+        saved_flags_valid = r >= 0;
+
+        if (size == 0) {
+                if (unlink(p) < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        fd = open(p, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        buf = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) + size);
+        if (!buf) {
+                r = -ENOMEM;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        buf->attr = attr;
+        memcpy(buf->buf, value, size);
+
+        r = loop_write(fd, buf, sizeof(uint32_t) + size, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* For some reason efivarfs doesn't update mtime automatically. Let's do it manually then. This is
+         * useful for processes that cache EFI variables to detect when changes occurred. */
+        if (futimens(fd, (struct timespec[2]) {
+                                { .tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW },
+                                { .tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW }
+                        }) < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to update mtime/atime on %s, ignoring: %m", p);
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        if (saved_flags_valid) {
+                int q;
+
+                /* Restore the original flags field, just in case */
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        q = chattr_path(p, saved_flags, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, NULL);
+                else
+                        q = chattr_fd(fd, saved_flags, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, NULL);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(q, "Failed to restore FS_IMMUTABLE_FL on '%s', ignoring: %m", p);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int efi_set_variable_string(const char *variable, const char *value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char16_t *u16 = NULL;
+
+        u16 = utf8_to_utf16(value, strlen(value));
+        if (!u16)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return efi_set_variable(variable, u16, (char16_strlen(u16) + 1) * sizeof(char16_t));
+}
+
+bool is_efi_boot(void) {
+        static int cache = -1;
+
+        if (cache < 0) {
+                if (detect_container() > 0)
+                        cache = false;
+                else {
+                        cache = access("/sys/firmware/efi/", F_OK) >= 0;
+                        if (!cache && errno != ENOENT)
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Unable to test whether /sys/firmware/efi/ exists, assuming EFI not available: %m");
+                }
+        }
+
+        return cache;
+}
+
+static int read_flag(const char *variable) {
+        _cleanup_free_ void *v = NULL;
+        uint8_t b;
+        size_t s;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!is_efi_boot()) /* If this is not an EFI boot, assume the queried flags are zero */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = efi_get_variable(variable, NULL, &v, &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (s != 1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        b = *(uint8_t *)v;
+        return !!b;
+}
+
+bool is_efi_secure_boot(void) {
+        static int cache = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        if (cache < 0) {
+                r = read_flag(EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(SecureBoot));
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        cache = false;
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Error reading SecureBoot EFI variable, assuming not in SecureBoot mode: %m");
+                else
+                        cache = r;
+        }
+
+        return cache > 0;
+}
+
+SecureBootMode efi_get_secure_boot_mode(void) {
+        static SecureBootMode cache = _SECURE_BOOT_INVALID;
+
+        if (cache != _SECURE_BOOT_INVALID)
+                return cache;
+
+        int secure = read_flag(EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(SecureBoot));
+        if (secure < 0) {
+                if (secure != -ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(secure, "Error reading SecureBoot EFI variable, assuming not in SecureBoot mode: %m");
+
+                return (cache = SECURE_BOOT_UNSUPPORTED);
+        }
+
+        /* We can assume false for all these if they are abscent (AuditMode and
+         * DeployedMode may not exist on older firmware). */
+        int audit    = read_flag(EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(AuditMode));
+        int deployed = read_flag(EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(DeployedMode));
+        int setup    = read_flag(EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(SetupMode));
+        log_debug("Secure boot variables: SecureBoot=%d AuditMode=%d DeployedMode=%d SetupMode=%d",
+                  secure, audit, deployed, setup);
+
+        return (cache = decode_secure_boot_mode(secure, audit > 0, deployed > 0, setup > 0));
+}
+
+static int read_efi_options_variable(char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* In SecureBoot mode this is probably not what you want. As your cmdline is cryptographically signed
+         * like when using Type #2 EFI Unified Kernel Images (https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION)
+         * The user's intention is then that the cmdline should not be modified. You want to make sure that
+         * the system starts up as exactly specified in the signed artifact.
+         *
+         * (NB: For testing purposes, we still check the $SYSTEMD_EFI_OPTIONS env var before accessing this
+         * cache, even when in SecureBoot mode.) */
+        if (is_efi_secure_boot()) {
+                /* Let's be helpful with the returned error and check if the variable exists at all. If it
+                 * does, let's return a recognizable error (EPERM), and if not ENODATA. */
+
+                if (access(EFIVAR_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions)), F_OK) < 0)
+                        return errno == ENOENT ? -ENODATA : -errno;
+
+                return -EPERM;
+        }
+
+        r = efi_get_variable_string(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions), ret);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ENODATA;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cache_efi_options_variable(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_efi_options_variable(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return write_string_file(EFIVAR_CACHE_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions)), line,
+                                 WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC|WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_MKDIR_0755);
+}
+
+int systemd_efi_options_variable(char **ret) {
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Returns the contents of the variable for current boot from the cache. */
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* For testing purposes it is sometimes useful to be able to override this */
+        e = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_EFI_OPTIONS");
+        if (e) {
+                char *m;
+
+                m = strdup(e);
+                if (!m)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = m;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(EFIVAR_CACHE_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions)), ret);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ENODATA;
+        return r;
+}
+
+static inline int compare_stat_mtime(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b) {
+        return CMP(timespec_load(&a->st_mtim), timespec_load(&b->st_mtim));
+}
+
+int systemd_efi_options_efivarfs_if_newer(char **ret) {
+        struct stat a = {}, b;
+        int r;
+
+        if (stat(EFIVAR_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions)), &a) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat EFI variable SystemdOptions: %m");
+
+        if (stat(EFIVAR_CACHE_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions)), &b) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat "EFIVAR_CACHE_PATH(EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(SystemdOptions))": %m");
+        } else if (compare_stat_mtime(&a, &b) > 0)
+                log_debug("Variable SystemdOptions in evifarfs is newer than in cache.");
+        else {
+                log_debug("Variable SystemdOptions in cache is up to date.");
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = read_efi_options_variable(ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read SystemdOptions EFI variable: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/efivars.h b/src/basic/efivars.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bafe2d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/efivars.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#if !ENABLE_EFI
+#  include <errno.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "efivars-fundamental.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+#define EFI_VENDOR_LOADER      SD_ID128_MAKE(4a,67,b0,82,0a,4c,41,cf,b6,c7,44,0b,29,bb,8c,4f)
+#define EFI_VENDOR_LOADER_STR  SD_ID128_MAKE_UUID_STR(4a,67,b0,82,0a,4c,41,cf,b6,c7,44,0b,29,bb,8c,4f)
+#define EFI_VENDOR_GLOBAL      SD_ID128_MAKE(8b,e4,df,61,93,ca,11,d2,aa,0d,00,e0,98,03,2b,8c)
+#define EFI_VENDOR_GLOBAL_STR  SD_ID128_MAKE_UUID_STR(8b,e4,df,61,93,ca,11,d2,aa,0d,00,e0,98,03,2b,8c)
+#define EFI_VENDOR_SYSTEMD     SD_ID128_MAKE(8c,f2,64,4b,4b,0b,42,8f,93,87,6d,87,60,50,dc,67)
+#define EFI_VENDOR_SYSTEMD_STR SD_ID128_MAKE_UUID_STR(8c,f2,64,4b,4b,0b,42,8f,93,87,6d,87,60,50,dc,67)
+
+#define EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE       UINT32_C(0x00000001)
+#define EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS UINT32_C(0x00000002)
+#define EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS     UINT32_C(0x00000004)
+
+/* Note that the <lowercaseuuid>-<varname> naming scheme is an efivarfs convention, i.e. part of the Linux
+ * API file system implementation for EFI. EFI itself processes UIDS in binary form.
+ */
+
+#define EFI_VENDOR_VARIABLE_STR(vendor, name) name "-" vendor
+
+#define EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_STR(name) EFI_VENDOR_VARIABLE_STR(EFI_VENDOR_GLOBAL_STR, name)
+#define EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE_STR(name) EFI_VENDOR_VARIABLE_STR(EFI_VENDOR_LOADER_STR, name)
+#define EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE_STR(name) EFI_VENDOR_VARIABLE_STR(EFI_VENDOR_SYSTEMD_STR, name)
+
+#define EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE(name) EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_STR(STRINGIFY(name))
+#define EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE(name) EFI_LOADER_VARIABLE_STR(STRINGIFY(name))
+#define EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE(name) EFI_SYSTEMD_VARIABLE_STR(STRINGIFY(name))
+
+#define EFIVAR_PATH(variable) "/sys/firmware/efi/efivars/" variable
+#define EFIVAR_CACHE_PATH(variable) "/run/systemd/efivars/" variable
+
+#if ENABLE_EFI
+
+int efi_get_variable(const char *variable, uint32_t *attribute, void **ret_value, size_t *ret_size);
+int efi_get_variable_string(const char *variable, char **ret);
+int efi_set_variable(const char *variable, const void *value, size_t size);
+int efi_set_variable_string(const char *variable, const char *p);
+
+bool is_efi_boot(void);
+bool is_efi_secure_boot(void);
+SecureBootMode efi_get_secure_boot_mode(void);
+
+int cache_efi_options_variable(void);
+int systemd_efi_options_variable(char **ret);
+int systemd_efi_options_efivarfs_if_newer(char **ret);
+
+#else
+
+static inline int efi_get_variable(const char *variable, uint32_t *attribute, void **value, size_t *size) {
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int efi_get_variable_string(const char *variable, char **ret) {
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int efi_set_variable(const char *variable, const void *value, size_t size) {
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int efi_set_variable_string(const char *variable, const char *p) {
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_efi_boot(void) {
+        return false;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_efi_secure_boot(void) {
+        return false;
+}
+
+static inline SecureBootMode efi_get_secure_boot_mode(void) {
+        return SECURE_BOOT_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+static inline int cache_efi_options_variable(void) {
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int systemd_efi_options_variable(char **line) {
+        return -ENODATA;
+}
+
+static inline int systemd_efi_options_efivarfs_if_newer(char **line) {
+        return -ENODATA;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/env-file.c b/src/basic/env-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e363bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/env-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static int parse_env_file_internal(
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *fname,
+                int (*push) (const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                             const char *key, char *value, void *userdata),
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        size_t n_key = 0, n_value = 0, last_value_whitespace = SIZE_MAX, last_key_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *contents = NULL, *key = NULL, *value = NULL;
+        unsigned line = 1;
+        int r;
+
+        enum {
+                PRE_KEY,
+                KEY,
+                PRE_VALUE,
+                VALUE,
+                VALUE_ESCAPE,
+                SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
+                DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
+                DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE,
+                COMMENT,
+                COMMENT_ESCAPE
+        } state = PRE_KEY;
+
+        if (f)
+                r = read_full_stream(f, &contents, NULL);
+        else
+                r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (char *p = contents; *p; p++) {
+                char c = *p;
+
+                switch (state) {
+
+                case PRE_KEY:
+                        if (strchr(COMMENTS, c))
+                                state = COMMENT;
+                        else if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c)) {
+                                state = KEY;
+                                last_key_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(key, n_key+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                key[n_key++] = c;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case KEY:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, c)) {
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                                line++;
+                                n_key = 0;
+                        } else if (c == '=') {
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                                last_value_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+                        } else {
+                                if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
+                                        last_key_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+                                else if (last_key_whitespace == SIZE_MAX)
+                                         last_key_whitespace = n_key;
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(key, n_key+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                key[n_key++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case PRE_VALUE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, c)) {
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                                line++;
+                                key[n_key] = 0;
+
+                                if (value)
+                                        value[n_value] = 0;
+
+                                /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
+                                if (last_key_whitespace != SIZE_MAX)
+                                        key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
+
+                                r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                n_key = 0;
+                                value = NULL;
+                                n_value = 0;
+
+                        } else if (c == '\'')
+                                state = SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
+                        else if (c == '"')
+                                state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
+                        else if (c == '\\')
+                                state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
+                        else if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c)) {
+                                state = VALUE;
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return  -ENOMEM;
+
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case VALUE:
+                        if (strchr(NEWLINE, c)) {
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                                line++;
+
+                                key[n_key] = 0;
+
+                                if (value)
+                                        value[n_value] = 0;
+
+                                /* Chomp off trailing whitespace from value */
+                                if (last_value_whitespace != SIZE_MAX)
+                                        value[last_value_whitespace] = 0;
+
+                                /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
+                                if (last_key_whitespace != SIZE_MAX)
+                                        key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
+
+                                r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                n_key = 0;
+                                value = NULL;
+                                n_value = 0;
+
+                        } else if (c == '\\') {
+                                state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
+                                last_value_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+                        } else {
+                                if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
+                                        last_value_whitespace = SIZE_MAX;
+                                else if (last_value_whitespace == SIZE_MAX)
+                                        last_value_whitespace = n_value;
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case VALUE_ESCAPE:
+                        state = VALUE;
+
+                        if (!strchr(NEWLINE, c)) {
+                                /* Escaped newlines we eat up entirely */
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE:
+                        if (c == '\'')
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                        else {
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE:
+                        if (c == '"')
+                                state = PRE_VALUE;
+                        else if (c == '\\')
+                                state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE;
+                        else {
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE:
+                        state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE;
+
+                        if (strchr(SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE, c)) {
+                                /* If this is a char that needs escaping, just unescape it. */
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        } else if (c != '\n') {
+                                /* If other char than what needs escaping, keep the "\" in place, like the
+                                 * real shell does. */
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(value, n_value+3))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                                value[n_value++] = '\\';
+                                value[n_value++] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Escaped newlines (aka "continuation lines") are eaten up entirely */
+                        break;
+
+                case COMMENT:
+                        if (c == '\\')
+                                state = COMMENT_ESCAPE;
+                        else if (strchr(NEWLINE, c)) {
+                                state = PRE_KEY;
+                                line++;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case COMMENT_ESCAPE:
+                        state = COMMENT;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (IN_SET(state,
+                   PRE_VALUE,
+                   VALUE,
+                   VALUE_ESCAPE,
+                   SINGLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
+                   DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE,
+                   DOUBLE_QUOTE_VALUE_ESCAPE)) {
+
+                key[n_key] = 0;
+
+                if (value)
+                        value[n_value] = 0;
+
+                if (state == VALUE)
+                        if (last_value_whitespace != SIZE_MAX)
+                                value[last_value_whitespace] = 0;
+
+                /* strip trailing whitespace from key */
+                if (last_key_whitespace != SIZE_MAX)
+                        key[last_key_whitespace] = 0;
+
+                r = push(fname, line, key, value, userdata);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                value = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_utf8ness_and_warn(
+                const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                const char *key, char *value) {
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(key)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                p = utf8_escape_invalid(key);
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "%s:%u: invalid UTF-8 in key '%s', ignoring.",
+                                       strna(filename), line, p);
+        }
+
+        if (value && !utf8_is_valid(value)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                p = utf8_escape_invalid(value);
+                return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "%s:%u: invalid UTF-8 value for key %s: '%s', ignoring.",
+                                       strna(filename), line, key, p);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_env_file_push(
+                const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                const char *key, char *value,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const char *k;
+        va_list aq, *ap = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        va_copy(aq, *ap);
+
+        while ((k = va_arg(aq, const char *))) {
+                char **v;
+
+                v = va_arg(aq, char **);
+
+                if (streq(key, k)) {
+                        va_end(aq);
+                        free(*v);
+                        *v = value;
+
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        va_end(aq);
+        free(value);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_env_filev(
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *fname,
+                va_list ap) {
+
+        int r;
+        va_list aq;
+
+        va_copy(aq, ap);
+        r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, parse_env_file_push, &aq);
+        va_end(aq);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int parse_env_file_sentinel(
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *fname,
+                ...) {
+
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, fname);
+        r = parse_env_filev(f, fname, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int load_env_file_push(
+                const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                const char *key, char *value,
+                void *userdata) {
+        char ***m = userdata;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = strjoin(key, "=", value);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = strv_env_replace_consume(m, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        free(value);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int load_env_file(FILE *f, const char *fname, char ***rl) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, load_env_file_push, &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *rl = TAKE_PTR(m);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int load_env_file_push_pairs(
+                const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                const char *key, char *value,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        char ***m = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        int r;
+
+        r = check_utf8ness_and_warn(filename, line, key, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Check if the key is present */
+        for (char **t = *m; t && *t; t += 2)
+                if (streq(t[0], key)) {
+                        if (value)
+                                return free_and_replace(t[1], value);
+                        else
+                                return free_and_strdup(t+1, "");
+                }
+
+        r = strv_extend(m, key);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (value)
+                return strv_push(m, value);
+        else
+                return strv_extend(m, "");
+}
+
+int load_env_file_pairs(FILE *f, const char *fname, char ***rl) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, load_env_file_push_pairs, &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *rl = TAKE_PTR(m);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int merge_env_file_push(
+                const char *filename, unsigned line,
+                const char *key, char *value,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        char ***env = ASSERT_PTR(userdata);
+        char *expanded_value;
+
+        if (!value) {
+                log_error("%s:%u: invalid syntax (around \"%s\"), ignoring.", strna(filename), line, key);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!env_name_is_valid(key)) {
+                log_error("%s:%u: invalid variable name \"%s\", ignoring.", strna(filename), line, key);
+                free(value);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        expanded_value = replace_env(value, *env,
+                                     REPLACE_ENV_USE_ENVIRONMENT|
+                                     REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS|
+                                     REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED);
+        if (!expanded_value)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        free_and_replace(value, expanded_value);
+
+        log_debug("%s:%u: setting %s=%s", filename, line, key, value);
+
+        return load_env_file_push(filename, line, key, value, env);
+}
+
+int merge_env_file(
+                char ***env,
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *fname) {
+
+        /* NOTE: this function supports braceful and braceless variable expansions,
+         * plus "extended" substitutions, unlike other exported parsing functions.
+         */
+
+        return parse_env_file_internal(f, fname, merge_env_file_push, env);
+}
+
+static void write_env_var(FILE *f, const char *v) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        p = strchr(v, '=');
+        if (!p) {
+                /* Fallback */
+                fputs_unlocked(v, f);
+                fputc_unlocked('\n', f);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        p++;
+        fwrite_unlocked(v, 1, p-v, f);
+
+        if (string_has_cc(p, NULL) || chars_intersect(p, WHITESPACE SHELL_NEED_QUOTES)) {
+                fputc_unlocked('"', f);
+
+                for (; *p; p++) {
+                        if (strchr(SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE, *p))
+                                fputc_unlocked('\\', f);
+
+                        fputc_unlocked(*p, f);
+                }
+
+                fputc_unlocked('"', f);
+        } else
+                fputs_unlocked(p, f);
+
+        fputc_unlocked('\n', f);
+}
+
+int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fname);
+
+        r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                write_env_var(f, *i);
+
+        r = fflush_and_check(f);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                if (rename(p, fname) >= 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = -errno;
+        }
+
+        (void) unlink(p);
+        return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/env-file.h b/src/basic/env-file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de47588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/env-file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+int parse_env_filev(FILE *f, const char *fname, va_list ap);
+int parse_env_file_sentinel(FILE *f, const char *fname, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define parse_env_file(f, fname, ...) parse_env_file_sentinel(f, fname, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+int load_env_file(FILE *f, const char *fname, char ***l);
+int load_env_file_pairs(FILE *f, const char *fname, char ***l);
+
+int merge_env_file(char ***env, FILE *f, const char *fname);
+
+int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l);
diff --git a/src/basic/env-util.c b/src/basic/env-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55ac11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/env-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,904 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+/* We follow bash for the character set. Different shells have different rules. */
+#define VALID_BASH_ENV_NAME_CHARS               \
+        DIGITS LETTERS                          \
+        "_"
+
+static bool env_name_is_valid_n(const char *e, size_t n) {
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (ascii_isdigit(e[0]))
+                return false;
+
+        /* POSIX says the overall size of the environment block cannot
+         * be > ARG_MAX, an individual assignment hence cannot be
+         * either. Discounting the equal sign and trailing NUL this
+         * hence leaves ARG_MAX-2 as longest possible variable
+         * name. */
+        if (n > (size_t) sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX) - 2)
+                return false;
+
+        for (const char *p = e; p < e + n; p++)
+                if (!strchr(VALID_BASH_ENV_NAME_CHARS, *p))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool env_name_is_valid(const char *e) {
+        return env_name_is_valid_n(e, strlen_ptr(e));
+}
+
+bool env_value_is_valid(const char *e) {
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(e))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Note that variable *values* may contain control characters, in particular NL, TAB, BS, DEL, ESC…
+         * When printing those variables with show-environment, we'll escape them. Make sure to print
+         * environment variables carefully! */
+
+        /* POSIX says the overall size of the environment block cannot be > ARG_MAX, an individual assignment
+         * hence cannot be either. Discounting the shortest possible variable name of length 1, the equal
+         * sign and trailing NUL this hence leaves ARG_MAX-3 as longest possible variable value. */
+        if (strlen(e) > sc_arg_max() - 3)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool env_assignment_is_valid(const char *e) {
+        const char *eq;
+
+        eq = strchr(e, '=');
+        if (!eq)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!env_name_is_valid_n(e, eq - e))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!env_value_is_valid(eq + 1))
+                return false;
+
+        /* POSIX says the overall size of the environment block cannot be > ARG_MAX, hence the individual
+         * variable assignments cannot be either, but let's leave room for one trailing NUL byte. */
+        if (strlen(e) > sc_arg_max() - 1)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool strv_env_is_valid(char **e) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, e) {
+                size_t k;
+
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(*p))
+                        return false;
+
+                /* Check if there are duplicate assignments */
+                k = strcspn(*p, "=");
+                STRV_FOREACH(q, p + 1)
+                        if (strneq(*p, *q, k) && (*q)[k] == '=')
+                                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool strv_env_name_is_valid(char **l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, l) {
+                if (!env_name_is_valid(*p))
+                        return false;
+
+                if (strv_contains(p + 1, *p))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool strv_env_name_or_assignment_is_valid(char **l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, l) {
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(*p) && !env_name_is_valid(*p))
+                        return false;
+
+                if (strv_contains(p + 1, *p))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int env_append(char **r, char ***k, char **a) {
+        assert(r);
+        assert(k);
+        assert(*k >= r);
+
+        if (!a)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Expects the following arguments: 'r' shall point to the beginning of an strv we are going to append to, 'k'
+         * to a pointer pointing to the NULL entry at the end of the same array. 'a' shall point to another strv.
+         *
+         * This call adds every entry of 'a' to 'r', either overriding an existing matching entry, or appending to it.
+         *
+         * This call assumes 'r' has enough pre-allocated space to grow by all of 'a''s items. */
+
+        for (; *a; a++) {
+                char **j, *c;
+                size_t n;
+
+                n = strcspn(*a, "=");
+                if ((*a)[n] == '=')
+                        n++;
+
+                for (j = r; j < *k; j++)
+                        if (strneq(*j, *a, n))
+                                break;
+
+                c = strdup(*a);
+                if (!c)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (j >= *k) { /* Append to the end? */
+                        (*k)[0] = c;
+                        (*k)[1] = NULL;
+                        (*k)++;
+                } else
+                        free_and_replace(*j, c); /* Override existing item */
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char** _strv_env_merge(char **first, ...) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **merged = NULL;
+        char **k;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        /* Merges an arbitrary number of environment sets */
+
+        size_t n = strv_length(first);
+
+        va_start(ap, first);
+        for (;;) {
+                char **l;
+
+                l = va_arg(ap, char**);
+                if (l == POINTER_MAX)
+                        break;
+
+                n += strv_length(l);
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        k = merged = new(char*, n + 1);
+        if (!merged)
+                return NULL;
+        merged[0] = NULL;
+
+        if (env_append(merged, &k, first) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        va_start(ap, first);
+        for (;;) {
+                char **l;
+
+                l = va_arg(ap, char**);
+                if (l == POINTER_MAX)
+                        break;
+
+                if (env_append(merged, &k, l) < 0) {
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(merged);
+}
+
+static bool env_match(const char *t, const char *pattern) {
+        assert(t);
+        assert(pattern);
+
+        /* pattern a matches string a
+         *         a matches a=
+         *         a matches a=b
+         *         a= matches a=
+         *         a=b matches a=b
+         *         a= does not match a
+         *         a=b does not match a=
+         *         a=b does not match a
+         *         a=b does not match a=c */
+
+        if (streq(t, pattern))
+                return true;
+
+        if (!strchr(pattern, '=')) {
+                size_t l = strlen(pattern);
+
+                return strneq(t, pattern, l) && t[l] == '=';
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static bool env_entry_has_name(const char *entry, const char *name) {
+        const char *t;
+
+        assert(entry);
+        assert(name);
+
+        t = startswith(entry, name);
+        if (!t)
+                return false;
+
+        return *t == '=';
+}
+
+char **strv_env_delete(char **x, size_t n_lists, ...) {
+        size_t n, i = 0;
+        char **r;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        /* Deletes every entry from x that is mentioned in the other
+         * string lists */
+
+        n = strv_length(x);
+
+        r = new(char*, n+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(k, x) {
+                va_start(ap, n_lists);
+                for (size_t v = 0; v < n_lists; v++) {
+                        char **l;
+
+                        l = va_arg(ap, char**);
+                        STRV_FOREACH(j, l)
+                                if (env_match(*k, *j))
+                                        goto skip;
+                }
+                va_end(ap);
+
+                r[i] = strdup(*k);
+                if (!r[i]) {
+                        strv_free(r);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                i++;
+                continue;
+
+        skip:
+                va_end(ap);
+        }
+
+        r[i] = NULL;
+
+        assert(i <= n);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+char **strv_env_unset(char **l, const char *p) {
+        char **f, **t;
+
+        if (!l)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Drops every occurrence of the env var setting p in the
+         * string list. Edits in-place. */
+
+        for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
+
+                if (env_match(*f, p)) {
+                        free(*f);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        *t = NULL;
+        return l;
+}
+
+char **strv_env_unset_many(char **l, ...) {
+        char **f, **t;
+
+        if (!l)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Like strv_env_unset() but applies many at once. Edits in-place. */
+
+        for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
+                bool found = false;
+                const char *p;
+                va_list ap;
+
+                va_start(ap, l);
+
+                while ((p = va_arg(ap, const char*))) {
+                        if (env_match(*f, p)) {
+                                found = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                va_end(ap);
+
+                if (found) {
+                        free(*f);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        *t = NULL;
+        return l;
+}
+
+int strv_env_replace_consume(char ***l, char *p) {
+        const char *t, *name;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Replace first occurrence of the env var or add a new one in the string list. Drop other
+         * occurrences. Edits in-place. Does not copy p and CONSUMES p EVEN ON FAILURE.
+         *
+         * p must be a valid key=value assignment. */
+
+        t = strchr(p, '=');
+        if (!t) {
+                free(p);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        name = strndupa_safe(p, t - p);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(f, *l)
+                if (env_entry_has_name(*f, name)) {
+                        free_and_replace(*f, p);
+                        strv_env_unset(f + 1, *f);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+        /* We didn't find a match, we need to append p or create a new strv */
+        r = strv_consume(l, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int strv_env_replace_strdup(char ***l, const char *assignment) {
+        /* Like strv_env_replace_consume(), but copies the argument. */
+
+        char *p = strdup(assignment);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_env_replace_consume(l, p);
+}
+
+int strv_env_replace_strdup_passthrough(char ***l, const char *assignment) {
+        /* Like strv_env_replace_strdup(), but pulls the variable from the environment of
+         * the calling program, if a variable name without value is specified.
+         */
+        char *p;
+
+        if (strchr(assignment, '=')) {
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(assignment))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                p = strdup(assignment);
+        } else {
+                if (!env_name_is_valid(assignment))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* If we can't find the variable in our environment, we will use
+                 * the empty string. This way "passthrough" is equivalent to passing
+                 * --setenv=FOO=$FOO in the shell. */
+                p = strjoin(assignment, "=", secure_getenv(assignment));
+        }
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_env_replace_consume(l, p);
+}
+
+int strv_env_assign(char ***l, const char *key, const char *value) {
+        if (!env_name_is_valid(key))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* NULL removes assignment, "" creates an empty assignment. */
+
+        if (!value) {
+                strv_env_unset(*l, key);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        char *p = strjoin(key, "=", value);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_env_replace_consume(l, p);
+}
+
+char *strv_env_get_n(char **l, const char *name, size_t k, unsigned flags) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (k <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(i, l)
+                if (strneq(*i, name, k) &&
+                    (*i)[k] == '=')
+                        return *i + k + 1;
+
+        if (flags & REPLACE_ENV_USE_ENVIRONMENT) {
+                const char *t;
+
+                t = strndupa_safe(name, k);
+                return getenv(t);
+        };
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char *strv_env_get(char **l, const char *name) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        return strv_env_get_n(l, name, strlen(name), 0);
+}
+
+char *strv_env_pairs_get(char **l, const char *name) {
+        char *result = NULL;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(key, value, l)
+                if (streq(*key, name))
+                        result = *value;
+
+        return result;
+}
+
+char **strv_env_clean_with_callback(char **e, void (*invalid_callback)(const char *p, void *userdata), void *userdata) {
+        int k = 0;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, e) {
+                size_t n;
+                bool duplicate = false;
+
+                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(*p)) {
+                        if (invalid_callback)
+                                invalid_callback(*p, userdata);
+                        free(*p);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                n = strcspn(*p, "=");
+                STRV_FOREACH(q, p + 1)
+                        if (strneq(*p, *q, n) && (*q)[n] == '=') {
+                                duplicate = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                if (duplicate) {
+                        free(*p);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                e[k++] = *p;
+        }
+
+        if (e)
+                e[k] = NULL;
+
+        return e;
+}
+
+char *replace_env_n(const char *format, size_t n, char **env, unsigned flags) {
+        enum {
+                WORD,
+                CURLY,
+                VARIABLE,
+                VARIABLE_RAW,
+                TEST,
+                DEFAULT_VALUE,
+                ALTERNATE_VALUE,
+        } state = WORD;
+
+        const char *e, *word = format, *test_value = NULL; /* test_value is initialized to appease gcc */
+        char *k;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *r = NULL;
+        size_t i, len = 0; /* len is initialized to appease gcc */
+        int nest = 0;
+
+        assert(format);
+
+        for (e = format, i = 0; *e && i < n; e ++, i ++)
+                switch (state) {
+
+                case WORD:
+                        if (*e == '$')
+                                state = CURLY;
+                        break;
+
+                case CURLY:
+                        if (*e == '{') {
+                                k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
+                                if (!k)
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                free_and_replace(r, k);
+
+                                word = e-1;
+                                state = VARIABLE;
+                                nest++;
+                        } else if (*e == '$') {
+                                k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
+                                if (!k)
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                free_and_replace(r, k);
+
+                                word = e+1;
+                                state = WORD;
+
+                        } else if (flags & REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS && strchr(VALID_BASH_ENV_NAME_CHARS, *e)) {
+                                k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
+                                if (!k)
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                free_and_replace(r, k);
+
+                                word = e-1;
+                                state = VARIABLE_RAW;
+
+                        } else
+                                state = WORD;
+                        break;
+
+                case VARIABLE:
+                        if (*e == '}') {
+                                const char *t;
+
+                                t = strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2, flags);
+
+                                if (!strextend(&r, t))
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                word = e+1;
+                                state = WORD;
+                                nest--;
+                        } else if (*e == ':') {
+                                if (flags & REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED) {
+                                        len = e - word - 2;
+                                        state = TEST;
+                                } else
+                                        /* Treat this as unsupported syntax, i.e. do no replacement */
+                                        state = WORD;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case TEST:
+                        if (*e == '-')
+                                state = DEFAULT_VALUE;
+                        else if (*e == '+')
+                                state = ALTERNATE_VALUE;
+                        else {
+                                state = WORD;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        test_value = e+1;
+                        break;
+
+                case DEFAULT_VALUE: /* fall through */
+                case ALTERNATE_VALUE:
+                        assert(flags & REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED);
+
+                        if (*e == '{') {
+                                nest++;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (*e != '}')
+                                break;
+
+                        nest--;
+                        if (nest == 0) {
+                                const char *t;
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+
+                                t = strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, len, flags);
+
+                                if (t && state == ALTERNATE_VALUE)
+                                        t = v = replace_env_n(test_value, e-test_value, env, flags);
+                                else if (!t && state == DEFAULT_VALUE)
+                                        t = v = replace_env_n(test_value, e-test_value, env, flags);
+
+                                if (!strextend(&r, t))
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                word = e+1;
+                                state = WORD;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case VARIABLE_RAW:
+                        assert(flags & REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS);
+
+                        if (!strchr(VALID_BASH_ENV_NAME_CHARS, *e)) {
+                                const char *t;
+
+                                t = strv_env_get_n(env, word+1, e-word-1, flags);
+
+                                if (!strextend(&r, t))
+                                        return NULL;
+
+                                word = e--;
+                                i--;
+                                state = WORD;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        if (state == VARIABLE_RAW) {
+                const char *t;
+
+                assert(flags & REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS);
+
+                t = strv_env_get_n(env, word+1, e-word-1, flags);
+                return strjoin(r, t);
+        } else
+                return strnappend(r, word, e-word);
+}
+
+char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
+        char **ret;
+        size_t k = 0, l = 0;
+
+        l = strv_length(argv);
+
+        ret = new(char*, l+1);
+        if (!ret)
+                return NULL;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
+
+                /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
+                if ((*i)[0] == '$' && !IN_SET((*i)[1], '{', '$')) {
+                        char *e;
+                        char **w, **m = NULL;
+                        size_t q;
+
+                        e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
+                        if (e) {
+                                int r;
+
+                                r = strv_split_full(&m, e, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_RELAX|EXTRACT_UNQUOTE);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        ret[k] = NULL;
+                                        strv_free(ret);
+                                        return NULL;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                m = NULL;
+
+                        q = strv_length(m);
+                        l = l + q - 1;
+
+                        w = reallocarray(ret, l + 1, sizeof(char *));
+                        if (!w) {
+                                ret[k] = NULL;
+                                strv_free(ret);
+                                strv_free(m);
+                                return NULL;
+                        }
+
+                        ret = w;
+                        if (m) {
+                                memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
+                                free(m);
+                        }
+
+                        k += q;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
+                ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env, 0);
+                if (!ret[k]) {
+                        strv_free(ret);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                k++;
+        }
+
+        ret[k] = NULL;
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int getenv_bool(const char *p) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        e = getenv(p);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return parse_boolean(e);
+}
+
+int getenv_bool_secure(const char *p) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        e = secure_getenv(p);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return parse_boolean(e);
+}
+
+int getenv_uint64_secure(const char *p, uint64_t *ret) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        e = secure_getenv(p);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        return safe_atou64(e, ret);
+}
+
+int set_unset_env(const char *name, const char *value, bool overwrite) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (value)
+                return RET_NERRNO(setenv(name, value, overwrite));
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(unsetenv(name));
+}
+
+int putenv_dup(const char *assignment, bool override) {
+        const char *e, *n;
+
+        e = strchr(assignment, '=');
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        n = strndupa_safe(assignment, e - assignment);
+
+        /* This is like putenv(), but uses setenv() so that our memory doesn't become part of environ[]. */
+        return RET_NERRNO(setenv(n, e + 1, override));
+}
+
+int setenv_systemd_exec_pid(bool update_only) {
+        char str[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t)];
+        const char *e;
+
+        /* Update $SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=pid except when '*' is set for the variable. */
+
+        e = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID");
+        if (!e && update_only)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (streq_ptr(e, "*"))
+                return 0;
+
+        xsprintf(str, PID_FMT, getpid_cached());
+
+        if (setenv("SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID", str, 1) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int getenv_path_list(const char *name, char ***ret_paths) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(ret_paths);
+
+        e = secure_getenv(name);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        r = strv_split_full(&l, e, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", name);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, l) {
+                if (!path_is_absolute(*p))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "Path '%s' is not absolute, refusing.", *p);
+
+                if (!path_is_normalized(*p))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "Path '%s' is not normalized, refusing.", *p);
+
+                if (path_equal(*p, "/"))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "Path '%s' is the root fs, refusing.", *p);
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l))
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                       "No paths specified, refusing.");
+
+        *ret_paths = TAKE_PTR(l);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int getenv_steal_erase(const char *name, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_(erase_and_freep) char *a = NULL;
+        char *e;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* Reads an environment variable, makes a copy of it, erases its memory in the environment block and removes
+         * it from there. Usecase: reading passwords from the env block (which is a bad idea, but useful for
+         * testing, and given that people are likely going to misuse this, be thorough) */
+
+        e = getenv(name);
+        if (!e) {
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (ret) {
+                a = strdup(e);
+                if (!a)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        string_erase(e);
+
+        if (unsetenv(name) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(a);
+
+        return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/env-util.h b/src/basic/env-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b927ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/env-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+static inline size_t sc_arg_max(void) {
+        long l = sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX);
+        assert(l > 0);
+        return (size_t) l;
+}
+
+bool env_name_is_valid(const char *e);
+bool env_value_is_valid(const char *e);
+bool env_assignment_is_valid(const char *e);
+
+enum {
+        REPLACE_ENV_USE_ENVIRONMENT = 1 << 0,
+        REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_BRACELESS = 1 << 1,
+        REPLACE_ENV_ALLOW_EXTENDED  = 1 << 2,
+};
+
+char *replace_env_n(const char *format, size_t n, char **env, unsigned flags);
+char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env);
+
+static inline char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env, unsigned flags) {
+        return replace_env_n(format, strlen(format), env, flags);
+}
+
+bool strv_env_is_valid(char **e);
+#define strv_env_clean(l) strv_env_clean_with_callback(l, NULL, NULL)
+char **strv_env_clean_with_callback(char **l, void (*invalid_callback)(const char *p, void *userdata), void *userdata);
+
+bool strv_env_name_is_valid(char **l);
+bool strv_env_name_or_assignment_is_valid(char **l);
+
+char** _strv_env_merge(char **first, ...);
+#define strv_env_merge(first, ...) _strv_env_merge(first, __VA_ARGS__, POINTER_MAX)
+char **strv_env_delete(char **x, size_t n_lists, ...); /* New copy */
+
+char **strv_env_unset(char **l, const char *p); /* In place ... */
+char **strv_env_unset_many(char **l, ...) _sentinel_;
+int strv_env_replace_consume(char ***l, char *p); /* In place ... */
+int strv_env_replace_strdup(char ***l, const char *assignment);
+int strv_env_replace_strdup_passthrough(char ***l, const char *assignment);
+int strv_env_assign(char ***l, const char *key, const char *value);
+
+char *strv_env_get_n(char **l, const char *name, size_t k, unsigned flags) _pure_;
+char *strv_env_get(char **x, const char *n) _pure_;
+char *strv_env_pairs_get(char **l, const char *name) _pure_;
+
+int getenv_bool(const char *p);
+int getenv_bool_secure(const char *p);
+
+int getenv_uint64_secure(const char *p, uint64_t *ret);
+
+/* Like setenv, but calls unsetenv if value == NULL. */
+int set_unset_env(const char *name, const char *value, bool overwrite);
+
+/* Like putenv, but duplicates the memory like setenv. */
+int putenv_dup(const char *assignment, bool override);
+
+int setenv_systemd_exec_pid(bool update_only);
+
+/* Parses and does sanity checks on an environment variable containing
+ * PATH-like colon-separated absolute paths */
+int getenv_path_list(const char *name, char ***ret_paths);
+
+int getenv_steal_erase(const char *name, char **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/errno-list.c b/src/basic/errno-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aeb38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/errno-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static const struct errno_name* lookup_errno(register const char *str,
+                                             register GPERF_LEN_TYPE len);
+
+#include "errno-from-name.h"
+#include "errno-to-name.h"
+
+const char *errno_to_name(int id) {
+
+        if (id < 0)
+                id = -id;
+
+        if ((size_t) id >= ELEMENTSOF(errno_names))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return errno_names[id];
+}
+
+int errno_from_name(const char *name) {
+        const struct errno_name *sc;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        sc = lookup_errno(name, strlen(name));
+        if (!sc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        assert(sc->id > 0);
+        return sc->id;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/errno-list.h b/src/basic/errno-list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..082b833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/errno-list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+/*
+ * MAX_ERRNO is defined as 4095 in linux/err.h
+ * We use the same value here.
+ */
+#define ERRNO_MAX 4095
+
+const char *errno_to_name(int id);
+int errno_from_name(const char *name);
+static inline bool errno_is_valid(int n) {
+        return n > 0 && n <= ERRNO_MAX;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/errno-to-name.awk b/src/basic/errno-to-name.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8442124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/errno-to-name.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+BEGIN{
+        print "static const char* const errno_names[] = { "
+}
+!/(EDEADLOCK|EWOULDBLOCK|ENOTSUP)/ {
+        printf "        [%s] = \"%s\",\n", $1, $1
+}
+END{
+        print "};"
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/errno-util.h b/src/basic/errno-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..091f99c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/errno-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* strerror(3) says that glibc uses a maximum length of 1024 bytes. */
+#define ERRNO_BUF_LEN 1024
+
+/* Note: the lifetime of the compound literal is the immediately surrounding block,
+ * see C11 §6.5.2.5, and
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34880638/compound-literal-lifetime-and-if-blocks
+ *
+ * Note that we use the GNU variant of strerror_r() here. */
+#define STRERROR(errnum) strerror_r(abs(errnum), (char[ERRNO_BUF_LEN]){}, ERRNO_BUF_LEN)
+
+/* A helper to print an error message or message for functions that return 0 on EOF.
+ * Note that we can't use ({ … }) to define a temporary variable, so errnum is
+ * evaluated twice. */
+#define STRERROR_OR_EOF(errnum) ((errnum) != 0 ? STRERROR(errnum) : "Unexpected EOF")
+
+static inline void _reset_errno_(int *saved_errno) {
+        if (*saved_errno < 0) /* Invalidated by UNPROTECT_ERRNO? */
+                return;
+
+        errno = *saved_errno;
+}
+
+#define PROTECT_ERRNO                           \
+        _cleanup_(_reset_errno_) _unused_ int _saved_errno_ = errno
+
+#define UNPROTECT_ERRNO                         \
+        do {                                    \
+                errno = _saved_errno_;          \
+                _saved_errno_ = -1;             \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define LOCAL_ERRNO(value)                      \
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;                          \
+        errno = abs(value)
+
+static inline int negative_errno(void) {
+        /* This helper should be used to shut up gcc if you know 'errno' is
+         * negative. Instead of "return -errno;", use "return negative_errno();"
+         * It will suppress bogus gcc warnings in case it assumes 'errno' might
+         * be 0 and thus the caller's error-handling might not be triggered. */
+        assert_return(errno > 0, -EINVAL);
+        return -errno;
+}
+
+static inline int RET_NERRNO(int ret) {
+
+        /* Helper to wrap system calls in to make them return negative errno errors. This brings system call
+         * error handling in sync with how we usually handle errors in our own code, i.e. with immediate
+         * returning of negative errno. Usage is like this:
+         *
+         *     …
+         *     r = RET_NERRNO(unlink(t));
+         *     …
+         *
+         * or
+         *
+         *     …
+         *     fd = RET_NERRNO(open("/etc/fstab", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC));
+         *     …
+         */
+
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return negative_errno();
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static inline int errno_or_else(int fallback) {
+        /* To be used when invoking library calls where errno handling is not defined clearly: we return
+         * errno if it is set, and the specified error otherwise. The idea is that the caller initializes
+         * errno to zero before doing an API call, and then uses this helper to retrieve a somewhat useful
+         * error code */
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return -abs(fallback);
+}
+
+/* For send()/recv() or read()/write(). */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_TRANSIENT(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      EAGAIN,
+                      EINTR);
+}
+
+/* Hint #1: ENETUNREACH happens if we try to connect to "non-existing" special IP addresses, such as ::5.
+ *
+ * Hint #2: The kernel sends e.g., EHOSTUNREACH or ENONET to userspace in some ICMP error cases.  See the
+ *          icmp_err_convert[] in net/ipv4/icmp.c in the kernel sources.
+ *
+ * Hint #3: When asynchronous connect() on TCP fails because the host never acknowledges a single packet,
+ *          kernel tells us that with ETIMEDOUT, see tcp(7). */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_DISCONNECT(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      ECONNABORTED,
+                      ECONNREFUSED,
+                      ECONNRESET,
+                      EHOSTDOWN,
+                      EHOSTUNREACH,
+                      ENETDOWN,
+                      ENETRESET,
+                      ENETUNREACH,
+                      ENONET,
+                      ENOPROTOOPT,
+                      ENOTCONN,
+                      EPIPE,
+                      EPROTO,
+                      ESHUTDOWN,
+                      ETIMEDOUT);
+}
+
+/* Transient errors we might get on accept() that we should ignore. As per error handling comment in
+ * the accept(2) man page. */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_ACCEPT_AGAIN(int r) {
+        return ERRNO_IS_DISCONNECT(r) ||
+                ERRNO_IS_TRANSIENT(r) ||
+                abs(r) == EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+/* Resource exhaustion, could be our fault or general system trouble */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_RESOURCE(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      EMFILE,
+                      ENFILE,
+                      ENOMEM);
+}
+
+/* Seven different errors for "operation/system call/ioctl/socket feature not supported" */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      EOPNOTSUPP,
+                      ENOTTY,
+                      ENOSYS,
+                      EAFNOSUPPORT,
+                      EPFNOSUPPORT,
+                      EPROTONOSUPPORT,
+                      ESOCKTNOSUPPORT);
+}
+
+/* Two different errors for access problems */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      EACCES,
+                      EPERM);
+}
+
+/* Three different errors for "not enough disk space" */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_DISK_SPACE(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      ENOSPC,
+                      EDQUOT,
+                      EFBIG);
+}
+
+/* Three different errors for "this device does not quite exist" */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_DEVICE_ABSENT(int r) {
+        return IN_SET(abs(r),
+                      ENODEV,
+                      ENXIO,
+                      ENOENT);
+}
+
+/* Quite often we want to handle cases where the backing FS doesn't support extended attributes at all and
+ * where it simply doesn't have the requested xattr the same way */
+static inline bool ERRNO_IS_XATTR_ABSENT(int r) {
+        return abs(r) == ENODATA ||
+                ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/escape.c b/src/basic/escape.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2cb1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/escape.c
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+int cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
+        char *buf_old = buf;
+
+        /* Needs space for 4 characters in the buffer */
+
+        switch (c) {
+
+                case '\a':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'a';
+                        break;
+                case '\b':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'b';
+                        break;
+                case '\f':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'f';
+                        break;
+                case '\n':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'n';
+                        break;
+                case '\r':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'r';
+                        break;
+                case '\t':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 't';
+                        break;
+                case '\v':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = 'v';
+                        break;
+                case '\\':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        break;
+                case '"':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = '"';
+                        break;
+                case '\'':
+                        *(buf++) = '\\';
+                        *(buf++) = '\'';
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        /* For special chars we prefer octal over
+                         * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
+                         * g_strescape() does the same */
+                        if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
+                                *(buf++) = '\\';
+                                *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
+                                *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
+                                *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
+                        } else
+                                *(buf++) = c;
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        return buf - buf_old;
+}
+
+char* cescape_length(const char *s, size_t n) {
+        const char *f;
+        char *r, *t;
+
+        assert(s || n == 0);
+
+        /* Does C style string escaping. May be reversed with
+         * cunescape(). */
+
+        r = new(char, n*4 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (f = s, t = r; f < s + n; f++)
+                t += cescape_char(*f, t);
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+char* cescape(const char *s) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        return cescape_length(s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char32_t *ret, bool *eight_bit, bool accept_nul) {
+        int r = 1;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Unescapes C style. Returns the unescaped character in ret.
+         * Sets *eight_bit to true if the escaped sequence either fits in
+         * one byte in UTF-8 or is a non-unicode literal byte and should
+         * instead be copied directly.
+         */
+
+        if (length != SIZE_MAX && length < 1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        switch (p[0]) {
+
+        case 'a':
+                *ret = '\a';
+                break;
+        case 'b':
+                *ret = '\b';
+                break;
+        case 'f':
+                *ret = '\f';
+                break;
+        case 'n':
+                *ret = '\n';
+                break;
+        case 'r':
+                *ret = '\r';
+                break;
+        case 't':
+                *ret = '\t';
+                break;
+        case 'v':
+                *ret = '\v';
+                break;
+        case '\\':
+                *ret = '\\';
+                break;
+        case '"':
+                *ret = '"';
+                break;
+        case '\'':
+                *ret = '\'';
+                break;
+
+        case 's':
+                /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
+                *ret = ' ';
+                break;
+
+        case 'x': {
+                /* hexadecimal encoding */
+                int a, b;
+
+                if (length != SIZE_MAX && length < 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                a = unhexchar(p[1]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unhexchar(p[2]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Don't allow NUL bytes */
+                if (a == 0 && b == 0 && !accept_nul)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = (a << 4U) | b;
+                *eight_bit = true;
+                r = 3;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case 'u': {
+                /* C++11 style 16bit unicode */
+
+                int a[4];
+                size_t i;
+                uint32_t c;
+
+                if (length != SIZE_MAX && length < 5)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                        a[i] = unhexchar(p[1 + i]);
+                        if (a[i] < 0)
+                                return a[i];
+                }
+
+                c = ((uint32_t) a[0] << 12U) | ((uint32_t) a[1] << 8U) | ((uint32_t) a[2] << 4U) | (uint32_t) a[3];
+
+                /* Don't allow 0 chars */
+                if (c == 0 && !accept_nul)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = c;
+                r = 5;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case 'U': {
+                /* C++11 style 32bit unicode */
+
+                int a[8];
+                size_t i;
+                char32_t c;
+
+                if (length != SIZE_MAX && length < 9)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                        a[i] = unhexchar(p[1 + i]);
+                        if (a[i] < 0)
+                                return a[i];
+                }
+
+                c = ((uint32_t) a[0] << 28U) | ((uint32_t) a[1] << 24U) | ((uint32_t) a[2] << 20U) | ((uint32_t) a[3] << 16U) |
+                    ((uint32_t) a[4] << 12U) | ((uint32_t) a[5] <<  8U) | ((uint32_t) a[6] <<  4U) |  (uint32_t) a[7];
+
+                /* Don't allow 0 chars */
+                if (c == 0 && !accept_nul)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Don't allow invalid code points */
+                if (!unichar_is_valid(c))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = c;
+                r = 9;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case '0':
+        case '1':
+        case '2':
+        case '3':
+        case '4':
+        case '5':
+        case '6':
+        case '7': {
+                /* octal encoding */
+                int a, b, c;
+                char32_t m;
+
+                if (length != SIZE_MAX && length < 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                a = unoctchar(p[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unoctchar(p[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unoctchar(p[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* don't allow NUL bytes */
+                if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0 && !accept_nul)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
+                m = ((uint32_t) a << 6U) | ((uint32_t) b << 3U) | (uint32_t) c;
+                if (m > 255)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *ret = m;
+                *eight_bit = true;
+                r = 3;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+ssize_t cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ans = NULL;
+        char *t;
+        const char *f;
+        size_t pl;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
+
+        pl = strlen_ptr(prefix);
+
+        ans = new(char, pl+length+1);
+        if (!ans)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (prefix)
+                memcpy(ans, prefix, pl);
+
+        for (f = s, t = ans + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
+                size_t remaining;
+                bool eight_bit = false;
+                char32_t u;
+
+                remaining = s + length - f;
+                assert(remaining > 0);
+
+                if (*f != '\\') {
+                        /* A literal, copy verbatim */
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (remaining == 1) {
+                        if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+                                /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
+                                *(t++) = *f;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, &u, &eight_bit, flags & UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+                                /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
+                                *(t++) = '\\';
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                f += r;
+                if (eight_bit)
+                        /* One byte? Set directly as specified */
+                        *(t++) = u;
+                else
+                        /* Otherwise encode as multi-byte UTF-8 */
+                        t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, u);
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        assert(t >= ans); /* Let static analyzers know that the answer is non-negative. */
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(ans);
+        return t - *ret;
+}
+
+char* xescape_full(const char *s, const char *bad, size_t console_width, XEscapeFlags flags) {
+        char *ans, *t, *prev, *prev2;
+        const char *f;
+
+        /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be
+         * reversed with cunescape(). If XESCAPE_8_BIT is specified, characters >= 127 are let through
+         * unchanged. This corresponds to non-ASCII printable characters in pre-unicode encodings.
+         *
+         * If console_width is reached, or XESCAPE_FORCE_ELLIPSIS is set, output is truncated and "..." is
+         * appended. */
+
+        if (console_width == 0)
+                return strdup("");
+
+        ans = new(char, MIN(strlen(s), console_width) * 4 + 1);
+        if (!ans)
+                return NULL;
+
+        memset(ans, '_', MIN(strlen(s), console_width) * 4);
+        ans[MIN(strlen(s), console_width) * 4] = 0;
+
+        bool force_ellipsis = FLAGS_SET(flags, XESCAPE_FORCE_ELLIPSIS);
+
+        for (f = s, t = prev = prev2 = ans; ; f++) {
+                char *tmp_t = t;
+
+                if (!*f) {
+                        if (force_ellipsis)
+                                break;
+
+                        *t = 0;
+                        return ans;
+                }
+
+                if ((unsigned char) *f < ' ' ||
+                    (!FLAGS_SET(flags, XESCAPE_8_BIT) && (unsigned char) *f >= 127) ||
+                    *f == '\\' || strchr(bad, *f)) {
+                        if ((size_t) (t - ans) + 4 + 3 * force_ellipsis > console_width)
+                                break;
+
+                        *(t++) = '\\';
+                        *(t++) = 'x';
+                        *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
+                        *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
+                } else {
+                        if ((size_t) (t - ans) + 1 + 3 * force_ellipsis > console_width)
+                                break;
+
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+                }
+
+                /* We might need to go back two cycles to fit three dots, so remember two positions */
+                prev2 = prev;
+                prev = tmp_t;
+        }
+
+        /* We can just write where we want, since chars are one-byte */
+        size_t c = MIN(console_width, 3u); /* If the console is too narrow, write fewer dots */
+        size_t off;
+        if (console_width - c >= (size_t) (t - ans))
+                off = (size_t) (t - ans);
+        else if (console_width - c >= (size_t) (prev - ans))
+                off = (size_t) (prev - ans);
+        else if (console_width - c >= (size_t) (prev2 - ans))
+                off = (size_t) (prev2 - ans);
+        else
+                off = console_width - c;
+        assert(off <= (size_t) (t - ans));
+
+        memcpy(ans + off, "...", c);
+        ans[off + c] = '\0';
+        return ans;
+}
+
+char* escape_non_printable_full(const char *str, size_t console_width, XEscapeFlags flags) {
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, XESCAPE_8_BIT))
+                return xescape_full(str, "", console_width, flags);
+        else
+                return utf8_escape_non_printable_full(str,
+                                                      console_width,
+                                                      FLAGS_SET(flags, XESCAPE_FORCE_ELLIPSIS));
+}
+
+char* octescape(const char *s, size_t len) {
+        char *buf, *t;
+
+        /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and " chars, in \nnn style escaping. */
+
+        assert(s || len == 0);
+
+        t = buf = new(char, len * 4 + 1);
+        if (!buf)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                uint8_t u = (uint8_t) s[i];
+
+                if (u < ' ' || u >= 127 || IN_SET(u, '\\', '"')) {
+                        *(t++) = '\\';
+                        *(t++) = '0' + (u >> 6);
+                        *(t++) = '0' + ((u >> 3) & 7);
+                        *(t++) = '0' + (u & 7);
+                } else
+                        *(t++) = u;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+        return buf;
+}
+
+static char* strcpy_backslash_escaped(char *t, const char *s, const char *bad) {
+        assert(bad);
+        assert(t);
+        assert(s);
+
+        while (*s) {
+                int l = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(s, SIZE_MAX);
+
+                if (char_is_cc(*s) || l < 0)
+                        t += cescape_char(*(s++), t);
+                else if (l == 1) {
+                        if (*s == '\\' || strchr(bad, *s))
+                                *(t++) = '\\';
+                        *(t++) = *(s++);
+                } else {
+                        t = mempcpy(t, s, l);
+                        s += l;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+char* shell_escape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
+        char *buf, *t;
+
+        buf = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1);
+        if (!buf)
+                return NULL;
+
+        t = strcpy_backslash_escaped(buf, s, bad);
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return buf;
+}
+
+char* shell_maybe_quote(const char *s, ShellEscapeFlags flags) {
+        const char *p;
+        char *buf, *t;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Encloses a string in quotes if necessary to make it OK as a shell string. */
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY) && isempty(s))
+                return strdup("\"\""); /* We don't use $'' here in the POSIX mode. "" is fine too. */
+
+        for (p = s; *p; ) {
+                int l = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(p, SIZE_MAX);
+
+                if (char_is_cc(*p) || l < 0 ||
+                    strchr(WHITESPACE SHELL_NEED_QUOTES, *p))
+                        break;
+
+                p += l;
+        }
+
+        if (!*p)
+                return strdup(s);
+
+        buf = new(char, FLAGS_SET(flags, SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX) + 1 + strlen(s)*4 + 1 + 1);
+        if (!buf)
+                return NULL;
+
+        t = buf;
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX)) {
+                *(t++) = '$';
+                *(t++) = '\'';
+        } else
+                *(t++) = '"';
+
+        t = mempcpy(t, s, p - s);
+
+        t = strcpy_backslash_escaped(t, p,
+                                     FLAGS_SET(flags, SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX) ? SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE_POSIX : SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX))
+                *(t++) = '\'';
+        else
+                *(t++) = '"';
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return str_realloc(buf);
+}
+
+char* quote_command_line(char **argv, ShellEscapeFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *result = NULL;
+
+        assert(argv);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                t = shell_maybe_quote(*a, flags);
+                if (!t)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                if (!strextend_with_separator(&result, " ", t))
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return str_realloc(TAKE_PTR(result));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/escape.h b/src/basic/escape.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..318da6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/escape.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "missing_type.h"
+
+/* What characters are special in the shell? */
+/* must be escaped outside and inside double-quotes */
+#define SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE "\"\\`$"
+
+/* Those that can be escaped or double-quoted.
+ *
+ * Strictly speaking, ! does not need to be escaped, except in interactive
+ * mode, but let's be extra nice to the user and quote ! in case this
+ * output is ever used in interactive mode. */
+#define SHELL_NEED_QUOTES SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE GLOB_CHARS "'()<>|&;!"
+
+/* Note that we assume control characters would need to be escaped too in
+ * addition to the "special" characters listed here, if they appear in the
+ * string. Current users disallow control characters. Also '"' shall not
+ * be escaped.
+ */
+#define SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE_POSIX "\\\'"
+
+typedef enum UnescapeFlags {
+        UNESCAPE_RELAX      = 1 << 0,
+        UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL = 1 << 1,
+} UnescapeFlags;
+
+typedef enum ShellEscapeFlags {
+        /* The default is to add shell quotes ("") so the shell will consider this a single argument.
+         * Tabs and newlines are escaped. */
+
+        SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX = 1 << 1, /* Use POSIX shell escape syntax (a string enclosed in $'') instead of plain quotes. */
+        SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY = 1 << 2, /* Format empty arguments as "". */
+} ShellEscapeFlags;
+
+char* cescape(const char *s);
+char* cescape_length(const char *s, size_t n);
+int cescape_char(char c, char *buf);
+
+int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char32_t *ret, bool *eight_bit, bool accept_nul);
+
+ssize_t cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret);
+static inline ssize_t cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
+}
+static inline ssize_t cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
+}
+
+typedef enum XEscapeFlags {
+        XESCAPE_8_BIT          = 1 << 0,
+        XESCAPE_FORCE_ELLIPSIS = 1 << 1,
+} XEscapeFlags;
+
+char* xescape_full(const char *s, const char *bad, size_t console_width, XEscapeFlags flags);
+static inline char* xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
+        return xescape_full(s, bad, SIZE_MAX, 0);
+}
+char* octescape(const char *s, size_t len);
+char* escape_non_printable_full(const char *str, size_t console_width, XEscapeFlags flags);
+
+char* shell_escape(const char *s, const char *bad);
+char* shell_maybe_quote(const char *s, ShellEscapeFlags flags);
+char* quote_command_line(char **argv, ShellEscapeFlags flags);
diff --git a/src/basic/ether-addr-util.c b/src/basic/ether-addr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a6a54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ether-addr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <net/ethernet.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "ether-addr-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+char *hw_addr_to_string_full(
+                const struct hw_addr_data *addr,
+                HardwareAddressToStringFlags flags,
+                char buffer[static HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]) {
+
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(buffer);
+        assert(addr->length <= HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < addr->length; i++) {
+                buffer[j++] = hexchar(addr->bytes[i] >> 4);
+                buffer[j++] = hexchar(addr->bytes[i] & 0x0f);
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_NO_COLON))
+                        buffer[j++] = ':';
+        }
+
+        buffer[addr->length == 0 || FLAGS_SET(flags, HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_NO_COLON) ?
+               addr->length * 2 :
+               addr->length * 3 - 1] = '\0';
+        return buffer;
+}
+
+struct hw_addr_data *hw_addr_set(struct hw_addr_data *addr, const uint8_t *bytes, size_t length) {
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(length <= HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE);
+
+        addr->length = length;
+        memcpy_safe(addr->bytes, bytes, length);
+        return addr;
+}
+
+int hw_addr_compare(const struct hw_addr_data *a, const struct hw_addr_data *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        r = CMP(a->length, b->length);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return memcmp(a->bytes, b->bytes, a->length);
+}
+
+void hw_addr_hash_func(const struct hw_addr_data *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        assert(p);
+        assert(state);
+
+        siphash24_compress(&p->length, sizeof(p->length), state);
+        siphash24_compress(p->bytes, p->length, state);
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(hw_addr_hash_ops, struct hw_addr_data, hw_addr_hash_func, hw_addr_compare);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(hw_addr_hash_ops_free, struct hw_addr_data, hw_addr_hash_func, hw_addr_compare, free);
+
+char* ether_addr_to_string(const struct ether_addr *addr, char buffer[ETHER_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]) {
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(buffer);
+
+        /* Like ether_ntoa() but uses %02x instead of %x to print
+         * ethernet addresses, which makes them look less funny. Also,
+         * doesn't use a static buffer. */
+
+        sprintf(buffer, "%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[0],
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[1],
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[2],
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[3],
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[4],
+                addr->ether_addr_octet[5]);
+
+        return buffer;
+}
+
+int ether_addr_to_string_alloc(const struct ether_addr *addr, char **ret) {
+        char *buf;
+
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        buf = new(char, ETHER_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        ether_addr_to_string(addr, buf);
+
+        *ret = buf;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int ether_addr_compare(const struct ether_addr *a, const struct ether_addr *b) {
+        return memcmp(a, b, ETH_ALEN);
+}
+
+static void ether_addr_hash_func(const struct ether_addr *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(p, sizeof(struct ether_addr), state);
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(ether_addr_hash_ops, struct ether_addr, ether_addr_hash_func, ether_addr_compare);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(ether_addr_hash_ops_free, struct ether_addr, ether_addr_hash_func, ether_addr_compare, free);
+
+static int parse_hw_addr_one_field(const char **s, char sep, size_t len, uint8_t *buf) {
+        const char *hex = HEXDIGITS, *p;
+        uint16_t data = 0;
+        bool cont;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(*s);
+        assert(IN_SET(len, 1, 2));
+        assert(buf);
+
+        p = *s;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len * 2; i++) {
+                const char *hexoff;
+                size_t x;
+
+                if (*p == '\0' || *p == sep) {
+                        if (i == 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                hexoff = strchr(hex, *p);
+                if (!hexoff)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                assert(hexoff >= hex);
+                x = hexoff - hex;
+                if (x >= 16)
+                        x -= 6; /* A-F */
+
+                assert(x < 16);
+                data <<= 4;
+                data += x;
+
+                p++;
+        }
+
+        if (*p != '\0' && *p != sep)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        switch (len) {
+        case 1:
+                buf[0] = data;
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                buf[0] = (data & 0xff00) >> 8;
+                buf[1] = data & 0xff;
+                break;
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        cont = *p == sep;
+        *s = p + cont;
+        return cont;
+}
+
+int parse_hw_addr_full(const char *s, size_t expected_len, struct hw_addr_data *ret) {
+        size_t field_size, max_len, len = 0;
+        uint8_t bytes[HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE];
+        char sep;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(expected_len <= HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE || expected_len == SIZE_MAX);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* This accepts the following formats:
+         *
+         * Dot separated 2 bytes format: xxyy.zzaa.bbcc
+         * Colon separated 1 bytes format: xx:yy:zz:aa:bb:cc
+         * Hyphen separated 1 bytes format: xx-yy-zz-aa-bb-cc
+         *
+         * Moreover, if expected_len == 0, 4, or 16, this also accepts:
+         *
+         * IPv4 format: used by IPv4 tunnel, e.g. ipgre
+         * IPv6 format: used by IPv6 tunnel, e.g. ip6gre
+         *
+         * The expected_len argument controls the length of acceptable addresses:
+         *
+         * 0: accepts 4 (AF_INET), 16 (AF_INET6), 6 (ETH_ALEN), or 20 (INFINIBAND_ALEN).
+         * SIZE_MAX: accepts arbitrary length, but at least one separator must be included.
+         * Otherwise: accepts addresses with matching length.
+         */
+
+        if (IN_SET(expected_len, 0, sizeof(struct in_addr), sizeof(struct in6_addr))) {
+                union in_addr_union a;
+                int family;
+
+                if (expected_len == 0)
+                        r = in_addr_from_string_auto(s, &family, &a);
+                else {
+                        family = expected_len == sizeof(struct in_addr) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+                        r = in_addr_from_string(family, s, &a);
+                }
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        ret->length = FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(family);
+                        memcpy(ret->bytes, a.bytes, ret->length);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        max_len =
+                expected_len == 0 ? INFINIBAND_ALEN :
+                expected_len == SIZE_MAX ? HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE : expected_len;
+        sep = s[strspn(s, HEXDIGITS)];
+
+        if (sep == '.')
+                field_size = 2;
+        else if (IN_SET(sep, ':', '-'))
+                field_size = 1;
+        else
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (max_len % field_size != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < max_len / field_size; i++) {
+                r = parse_hw_addr_one_field(&s, sep, field_size, bytes + i * field_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        len = (i + 1) * field_size;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (len == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (expected_len == 0) {
+                if (!IN_SET(len, 4, 16, ETH_ALEN, INFINIBAND_ALEN))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        } else if (expected_len != SIZE_MAX) {
+                if (len != expected_len)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        ret->length = len;
+        memcpy(ret->bytes, bytes, ret->length);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_ether_addr(const char *s, struct ether_addr *ret) {
+        struct hw_addr_data a;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = parse_hw_addr_full(s, ETH_ALEN, &a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = a.ether;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/ether-addr-util.h b/src/basic/ether-addr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ed77d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ether-addr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/if_infiniband.h>
+#include <net/ethernet.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "hash-funcs.h"
+#include "in-addr-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+
+/* This is MAX_ADDR_LEN as defined in linux/netdevice.h, but net/if_arp.h
+ * defines a macro of the same name with a much lower size. */
+#define HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE 32
+
+struct hw_addr_data {
+        size_t length;
+        union {
+                struct ether_addr ether;
+                uint8_t infiniband[INFINIBAND_ALEN];
+                struct in_addr in;
+                struct in6_addr in6;
+                uint8_t bytes[HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE];
+        };
+};
+
+int parse_hw_addr_full(const char *s, size_t expected_len, struct hw_addr_data *ret);
+static inline int parse_hw_addr(const char *s, struct hw_addr_data *ret) {
+        return parse_hw_addr_full(s, 0, ret);
+}
+int parse_ether_addr(const char *s, struct ether_addr *ret);
+
+typedef enum HardwareAddressToStringFlags {
+        HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_NO_COLON = 1 << 0,
+} HardwareAddressToStringFlags;
+
+#define HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX (3*HW_ADDR_MAX_SIZE)
+char *hw_addr_to_string_full(
+                const struct hw_addr_data *addr,
+                HardwareAddressToStringFlags flags,
+                char buffer[static HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]);
+static inline char *hw_addr_to_string(const struct hw_addr_data *addr, char buffer[static HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]) {
+        return hw_addr_to_string_full(addr, 0, buffer);
+}
+
+/* Note: the lifetime of the compound literal is the immediately surrounding block,
+ * see C11 §6.5.2.5, and
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34880638/compound-literal-lifetime-and-if-blocks */
+#define HW_ADDR_TO_STR_FULL(hw_addr, flags) hw_addr_to_string_full((hw_addr), flags, (char[HW_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]){})
+#define HW_ADDR_TO_STR(hw_addr) HW_ADDR_TO_STR_FULL(hw_addr, 0)
+
+#define HW_ADDR_NULL ((const struct hw_addr_data){})
+
+struct hw_addr_data *hw_addr_set(struct hw_addr_data *addr, const uint8_t *bytes, size_t length);
+
+void hw_addr_hash_func(const struct hw_addr_data *p, struct siphash *state);
+int hw_addr_compare(const struct hw_addr_data *a, const struct hw_addr_data *b);
+static inline bool hw_addr_equal(const struct hw_addr_data *a, const struct hw_addr_data *b) {
+        return hw_addr_compare(a, b) == 0;
+}
+static inline bool hw_addr_is_null(const struct hw_addr_data *addr) {
+        assert(addr);
+        return addr->length == 0 || memeqzero(addr->bytes, addr->length);
+}
+
+extern const struct hash_ops hw_addr_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops hw_addr_hash_ops_free;
+
+#define ETHER_ADDR_FORMAT_STR "%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X"
+#define ETHER_ADDR_FORMAT_VAL(x) (x).ether_addr_octet[0], (x).ether_addr_octet[1], (x).ether_addr_octet[2], (x).ether_addr_octet[3], (x).ether_addr_octet[4], (x).ether_addr_octet[5]
+
+#define ETHER_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX (3*6)
+char* ether_addr_to_string(const struct ether_addr *addr, char buffer[ETHER_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]);
+int ether_addr_to_string_alloc(const struct ether_addr *addr, char **ret);
+/* Use only as function argument, never stand-alone! */
+#define ETHER_ADDR_TO_STR(addr) ether_addr_to_string((addr), (char[ETHER_ADDR_TO_STRING_MAX]){})
+
+int ether_addr_compare(const struct ether_addr *a, const struct ether_addr *b);
+static inline bool ether_addr_equal(const struct ether_addr *a, const struct ether_addr *b) {
+        return ether_addr_compare(a, b) == 0;
+}
+
+#define ETHER_ADDR_NULL ((const struct ether_addr){})
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_null(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        return ether_addr_equal(addr, &ETHER_ADDR_NULL);
+}
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_broadcast(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        assert(addr);
+        return memeqbyte(0xff, addr->ether_addr_octet, ETH_ALEN);
+}
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_multicast(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        assert(addr);
+        return FLAGS_SET(addr->ether_addr_octet[0], 0x01);
+}
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_unicast(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        return !ether_addr_is_multicast(addr);
+}
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_local(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        /* Determine if the Ethernet address is locally-assigned one (IEEE 802) */
+        assert(addr);
+        return FLAGS_SET(addr->ether_addr_octet[0], 0x02);
+}
+
+static inline bool ether_addr_is_global(const struct ether_addr *addr) {
+        return !ether_addr_is_local(addr);
+}
+
+extern const struct hash_ops ether_addr_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops ether_addr_hash_ops_free;
diff --git a/src/basic/extract-word.c b/src/basic/extract-word.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f9bb0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/extract-word.c
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+int extract_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        size_t sz = 0;
+        char quote = 0;                 /* 0 or ' or " */
+        bool backslash = false;         /* whether we've just seen a backslash */
+        char c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(!FLAGS_SET(flags, EXTRACT_KEEP_QUOTE | EXTRACT_UNQUOTE));
+
+        /* Bail early if called after last value or with no input */
+        if (!*p)
+                goto finish;
+        c = **p;
+
+        if (!separators)
+                separators = WHITESPACE;
+
+        /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
+         * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
+         * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
+         * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
+
+        if (flags & EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS)
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, sz+1))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (;; (*p)++, c = **p) {
+                if (c == 0)
+                        goto finish_force_terminate;
+                else if (strchr(separators, c)) {
+                        if (flags & EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS) {
+                                if (!(flags & EXTRACT_RETAIN_SEPARATORS))
+                                        (*p)++;
+                                goto finish_force_next;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        /* We found a non-blank character, so we will always
+                         * want to return a string (even if it is empty),
+                         * allocate it here. */
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, sz+1))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        for (;; (*p)++, c = **p) {
+                if (backslash) {
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, sz+7))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        if (c == 0) {
+                                if ((flags & EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX) &&
+                                    (quote == 0 || flags & EXTRACT_RELAX)) {
+                                        /* If we find an unquoted trailing backslash and we're in
+                                         * EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX mode, keep it verbatim in the
+                                         * output.
+                                         *
+                                         * Unbalanced quotes will only be allowed in EXTRACT_RELAX
+                                         * mode, EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX mode does not allow them.
+                                         */
+                                        s[sz++] = '\\';
+                                        goto finish_force_terminate;
+                                }
+                                if (flags & EXTRACT_RELAX)
+                                        goto finish_force_terminate;
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        if (flags & (EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS)) {
+                                bool eight_bit = false;
+                                char32_t u;
+
+                                if ((flags & EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE) &&
+                                    (r = cunescape_one(*p, SIZE_MAX, &u, &eight_bit, false)) >= 0) {
+                                        /* A valid escaped sequence */
+                                        assert(r >= 1);
+
+                                        (*p) += r - 1;
+
+                                        if (eight_bit)
+                                                s[sz++] = u;
+                                        else
+                                                sz += utf8_encode_unichar(s + sz, u);
+                                } else if ((flags & EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS) &&
+                                           (strchr(separators, **p) || **p == '\\'))
+                                        /* An escaped separator char or the escape char itself */
+                                        s[sz++] = c;
+                                else if (flags & EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+                                        s[sz++] = '\\';
+                                        s[sz++] = c;
+                                } else
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                        } else
+                                s[sz++] = c;
+
+                        backslash = false;
+
+                } else if (quote != 0) {     /* inside either single or double quotes */
+                        for (;; (*p)++, c = **p) {
+                                if (c == 0) {
+                                        if (flags & EXTRACT_RELAX)
+                                                goto finish_force_terminate;
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                } else if (c == quote) {        /* found the end quote */
+                                        quote = 0;
+                                        if (flags & EXTRACT_UNQUOTE)
+                                                break;
+                                } else if (c == '\\' && !(flags & EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE)) {
+                                        backslash = true;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, sz+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                s[sz++] = c;
+
+                                if (quote == 0)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+
+                } else {
+                        for (;; (*p)++, c = **p) {
+                                if (c == 0)
+                                        goto finish_force_terminate;
+                                else if (IN_SET(c, '\'', '"') && (flags & (EXTRACT_KEEP_QUOTE | EXTRACT_UNQUOTE))) {
+                                        quote = c;
+                                        if (flags & EXTRACT_UNQUOTE)
+                                                break;
+                                } else if (c == '\\' && !(flags & EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE)) {
+                                        backslash = true;
+                                        break;
+                                } else if (strchr(separators, c)) {
+                                        if (flags & EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS) {
+                                                if (!(flags & EXTRACT_RETAIN_SEPARATORS))
+                                                        (*p)++;
+                                                goto finish_force_next;
+                                        }
+                                        if (!(flags & EXTRACT_RETAIN_SEPARATORS))
+                                                /* Skip additional coalesced separators. */
+                                                for (;; (*p)++, c = **p) {
+                                                        if (c == 0)
+                                                                goto finish_force_terminate;
+                                                        if (!strchr(separators, c))
+                                                                break;
+                                                }
+                                        goto finish;
+
+                                }
+
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, sz+2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                s[sz++] = c;
+
+                                if (quote != 0)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+finish_force_terminate:
+        *p = NULL;
+finish:
+        if (!s) {
+                *p = NULL;
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+finish_force_next:
+        s[sz] = 0;
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int extract_first_word_and_warn(
+                const char **p,
+                char **ret,
+                const char *separators,
+                ExtractFlags flags,
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *rvalue) {
+
+        /* Try to unquote it, if it fails, warn about it and try again
+         * but this time using EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX to keep the
+         * backslashes verbatim in invalid escape sequences. */
+
+        const char *save;
+        int r;
+
+        save = *p;
+        r = extract_first_word(p, ret, separators, flags);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (r == -EINVAL && !(flags & EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX)) {
+
+                /* Retry it with EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX. */
+                *p = save;
+                r = extract_first_word(p, ret, separators, flags|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        /* It worked this time, hence it must have been an invalid escape sequence. */
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, EINVAL, "Ignoring unknown escape sequences: \"%s\"", *ret);
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                /* If it's still EINVAL; then it must be unbalanced quoting, report this. */
+                if (r == -EINVAL)
+                        return log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Unbalanced quoting, ignoring: \"%s\"", rvalue);
+        }
+
+        /* Can be any error, report it */
+        return log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Unable to decode word \"%s\", ignoring: %m", rvalue);
+}
+
+/* We pass ExtractFlags as unsigned int (to avoid undefined behaviour when passing
+ * an object that undergoes default argument promotion as an argument to va_start).
+ * Let's make sure that ExtractFlags fits into an unsigned int. */
+assert_cc(sizeof(enum ExtractFlags) <= sizeof(unsigned));
+
+int extract_many_words(const char **p, const char *separators, unsigned flags, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        char **l;
+        int n = 0, i, c, r;
+
+        /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
+         * quotes if necessary. */
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Count how many words are expected */
+        va_start(ap, flags);
+        for (;;) {
+                if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
+                        break;
+                n++;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Read all words into a temporary array */
+        l = newa0(char*, n);
+        for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
+
+                r = extract_first_word(p, &l[c], separators, flags);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        int j;
+
+                        for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
+                                free(l[j]);
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
+         * in parameters */
+        va_start(ap, flags);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                char **v;
+
+                v = va_arg(ap, char **);
+                assert(v);
+
+                *v = l[i];
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return c;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/extract-word.h b/src/basic/extract-word.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c82ad76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/extract-word.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum ExtractFlags {
+        EXTRACT_RELAX                    = 1 << 0, /* Allow unbalanced quote and eat up trailing backslash. */
+        EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE                = 1 << 1, /* Unescape known escape sequences. */
+        EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_RELAX           = 1 << 2, /* Allow and keep unknown escape sequences, allow and keep trailing backslash. */
+        EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS      = 1 << 3, /* Unescape separators (those specified, or whitespace by default). */
+        EXTRACT_KEEP_QUOTE               = 1 << 4, /* Ignore separators in quoting with "" and ''. */
+        EXTRACT_UNQUOTE                  = 1 << 5, /* Ignore separators in quoting with "" and '', and remove the quotes. */
+        EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS = 1 << 6, /* Don't treat multiple adjacent separators as one */
+        EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE            = 1 << 7, /* Treat escape character '\' as any other character without special meaning */
+        EXTRACT_RETAIN_SEPARATORS        = 1 << 8, /* Do not advance the original string pointer past the separator(s) */
+
+        /* Note that if no flags are specified, escaped escape characters will be silently stripped. */
+} ExtractFlags;
+
+int extract_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags);
+int extract_first_word_and_warn(const char **p, char **ret, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags, const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *rvalue);
+int extract_many_words(const char **p, const char *separators, unsigned flags, ...) _sentinel_;
diff --git a/src/basic/fd-util.c b/src/basic/fd-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66bb756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fd-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,827 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if WANT_LINUX_FS_H
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#endif
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_fcntl.h"
+#include "missing_fs.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+/* The maximum number of iterations in the loop to close descriptors in the fallback case
+ * when /proc/self/fd/ is inaccessible. */
+#define MAX_FD_LOOP_LIMIT (1024*1024)
+
+int close_nointr(int fd) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (close(fd) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /*
+         * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
+         * Linux.
+         *
+         * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
+         * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
+         * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
+         * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
+         */
+        if (errno == EINTR)
+                return 0;
+
+        return -errno;
+}
+
+int safe_close(int fd) {
+
+        /*
+         * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
+         * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
+         * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
+         *
+         * fd = safe_close(fd);
+         */
+
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+                /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
+                 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
+                 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
+                 * the fd was invalid at all... */
+
+                assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+void safe_close_pair(int p[static 2]) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        if (p[0] == p[1]) {
+                /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
+                 * directions... */
+                p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
+        p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
+}
+
+void close_many(const int fds[], size_t n_fd) {
+        assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
+                safe_close(fds[i]);
+}
+
+int fclose_nointr(FILE *f) {
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* Same as close_nointr(), but for fclose() */
+
+        errno = 0; /* Extra safety: if the FILE* object is not encapsulating an fd, it might not set errno
+                    * correctly. Let's hence initialize it to zero first, so that we aren't confused by any
+                    * prior errno here */
+        if (fclose(f) == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (errno == EINTR)
+                return 0;
+
+        return errno_or_else(EIO);
+}
+
+FILE* safe_fclose(FILE *f) {
+
+        /* Same as safe_close(), but for fclose() */
+
+        if (f) {
+                PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+                assert_se(fclose_nointr(f) != -EBADF);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+DIR* safe_closedir(DIR *d) {
+
+        if (d) {
+                PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+                assert_se(closedir(d) >= 0 || errno != EBADF);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
+        int flags, nflags;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+        if (flags < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        nflags = UPDATE_FLAG(flags, O_NONBLOCK, nonblock);
+        if (nflags == flags)
+                return 0;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags));
+}
+
+int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
+        int flags, nflags;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+        if (flags < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        nflags = UPDATE_FLAG(flags, FD_CLOEXEC, cloexec);
+        if (nflags == flags)
+                return 0;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags));
+}
+
+int fd_cloexec_many(const int fds[], size_t n_fds, bool cloexec) {
+        int ret = 0, r;
+
+        assert(n_fds == 0 || fds);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
+                if (fds[i] < 0) /* Skip gracefully over already invalidated fds */
+                        continue;
+
+                r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], cloexec);
+                if (r < 0 && ret >= 0) /* Continue going, but return first error */
+                        ret = r;
+                else
+                        ret = 1; /* report if we did anything */
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+_pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], size_t n_fdset) {
+        assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++) {
+                if (fdset[i] < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (fdset[i] == fd)
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int get_max_fd(void) {
+        struct rlimit rl;
+        rlim_t m;
+
+        /* Return the highest possible fd, based RLIMIT_NOFILE, but enforcing FD_SETSIZE-1 as lower boundary
+         * and INT_MAX as upper boundary. */
+
+        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        m = MAX(rl.rlim_cur, rl.rlim_max);
+        if (m < FD_SETSIZE) /* Let's always cover at least 1024 fds */
+                return FD_SETSIZE-1;
+
+        if (m == RLIM_INFINITY || m > INT_MAX) /* Saturate on overflow. After all fds are "int", hence can
+                                                * never be above INT_MAX */
+                return INT_MAX;
+
+        return (int) (m - 1);
+}
+
+static int close_all_fds_frugal(const int except[], size_t n_except) {
+        int max_fd, r = 0;
+
+        assert(n_except == 0 || except);
+
+        /* This is the inner fallback core of close_all_fds(). This never calls malloc() or opendir() or so
+         * and hence is safe to be called in signal handler context. Most users should call close_all_fds(),
+         * but when we assume we are called from signal handler context, then use this simpler call
+         * instead. */
+
+        max_fd = get_max_fd();
+        if (max_fd < 0)
+                return max_fd;
+
+        /* Refuse to do the loop over more too many elements. It's better to fail immediately than to
+         * spin the CPU for a long time. */
+        if (max_fd > MAX_FD_LOOP_LIMIT)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+                                       "Refusing to loop over %d potential fds.",
+                                       max_fd);
+
+        for (int fd = 3; fd >= 0; fd = fd < max_fd ? fd + 1 : -1) {
+                int q;
+
+                if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
+                        continue;
+
+                q = close_nointr(fd);
+                if (q < 0 && q != -EBADF && r >= 0)
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool have_close_range = true; /* Assume we live in the future */
+
+static int close_all_fds_special_case(const int except[], size_t n_except) {
+        assert(n_except == 0 || except);
+
+        /* Handles a few common special cases separately, since they are common and can be optimized really
+         * nicely, since we won't need sorting for them. Returns > 0 if the special casing worked, 0
+         * otherwise. */
+
+        if (!have_close_range)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (n_except == 1 && except[0] < 0) /* Minor optimization: if we only got one fd, and it's invalid,
+                                             * we got none */
+                n_except = 0;
+
+        switch (n_except) {
+
+        case 0:
+                /* Close everything. Yay! */
+
+                if (close_range(3, -1, 0) >= 0)
+                        return 1;
+
+                if (ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) || ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno)) {
+                        have_close_range = false;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return -errno;
+
+        case 1:
+                /* Close all but exactly one, then we don't need no sorting. This is a pretty common
+                 * case, hence let's handle it specially. */
+
+                if ((except[0] <= 3 || close_range(3, except[0]-1, 0) >= 0) &&
+                    (except[0] >= INT_MAX || close_range(MAX(3, except[0]+1), -1, 0) >= 0))
+                        return 1;
+
+                if (ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) || ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno)) {
+                        have_close_range = false;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return -errno;
+
+        default:
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+int close_all_fds_without_malloc(const int except[], size_t n_except) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(n_except == 0 || except);
+
+        r = close_all_fds_special_case(except, n_except);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) /* special case worked! */
+                return 0;
+
+        return close_all_fds_frugal(except, n_except);
+}
+
+int close_all_fds(const int except[], size_t n_except) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(n_except == 0 || except);
+
+        r = close_all_fds_special_case(except, n_except);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) /* special case worked! */
+                return 0;
+
+        if (have_close_range) {
+                _cleanup_free_ int *sorted_malloc = NULL;
+                size_t n_sorted;
+                int *sorted;
+
+                /* In the best case we have close_range() to close all fds between a start and an end fd,
+                 * which we can use on the "inverted" exception array, i.e. all intervals between all
+                 * adjacent pairs from the sorted exception array. This changes loop complexity from O(n)
+                 * where n is number of open fds to O(m⋅log(m)) where m is the number of fds to keep
+                 * open. Given that we assume n ≫ m that's preferable to us. */
+
+                assert(n_except < SIZE_MAX);
+                n_sorted = n_except + 1;
+
+                if (n_sorted > 64) /* Use heap for large numbers of fds, stack otherwise */
+                        sorted = sorted_malloc = new(int, n_sorted);
+                else
+                        sorted = newa(int, n_sorted);
+
+                if (sorted) {
+                        memcpy(sorted, except, n_except * sizeof(int));
+
+                        /* Let's add fd 2 to the list of fds, to simplify the loop below, as this
+                         * allows us to cover the head of the array the same way as the body */
+                        sorted[n_sorted-1] = 2;
+
+                        typesafe_qsort(sorted, n_sorted, cmp_int);
+
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_sorted-1; i++) {
+                                int start, end;
+
+                                start = MAX(sorted[i], 2); /* The first three fds shall always remain open */
+                                end = MAX(sorted[i+1], 2);
+
+                                assert(end >= start);
+
+                                if (end - start <= 1)
+                                        continue;
+
+                                /* Close everything between the start and end fds (both of which shall stay open) */
+                                if (close_range(start + 1, end - 1, 0) < 0) {
+                                        if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                                                return -errno;
+
+                                        have_close_range = false;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (have_close_range) {
+                                /* The loop succeeded. Let's now close everything beyond the end */
+
+                                if (sorted[n_sorted-1] >= INT_MAX) /* Dont let the addition below overflow */
+                                        return 0;
+
+                                if (close_range(sorted[n_sorted-1] + 1, -1, 0) >= 0)
+                                        return 0;
+
+                                if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                have_close_range = false;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* Fallback on OOM or if close_range() is not supported */
+        }
+
+        d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
+        if (!d)
+                return close_all_fds_frugal(except, n_except); /* ultimate fallback if /proc/ is not available */
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
+                int fd = -1, q;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_LNK, DT_UNKNOWN))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
+                        /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
+                        continue;
+
+                if (fd < 3)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (fd == dirfd(d))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
+                        continue;
+
+                q = close_nointr(fd);
+                if (q < 0 && q != -EBADF && r >= 0) /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
+                        r = q;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int same_fd(int a, int b) {
+        struct stat sta, stb;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r, fa, fb;
+
+        assert(a >= 0);
+        assert(b >= 0);
+
+        /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are quite different depending on whether we
+         * have kcmp() or we don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for dup()ed file
+         * descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of
+         * the same file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this call mostly for filtering out
+         * duplicates in the fd store this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
+
+        if (a == b)
+                return true;
+
+        /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
+        pid = getpid_cached();
+        r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
+        if (r == 0)
+                return true;
+        if (r > 0)
+                return false;
+        if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
+        if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!stat_inode_same(&sta, &stb))
+                return false;
+
+        /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds might refer to quite different device
+         * contexts even though they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
+
+        if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
+                return false;
+
+        /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check if they have the same fd flags. This is
+         * useful to distinguish the read and write side of a pipe created with pipe(). */
+        fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
+        if (fa < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
+        if (fb < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fa == fb;
+}
+
+void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
+        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+        assert(mh);
+
+        CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)
+                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
+                        close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
+}
+
+bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        /* Validates a name for $LISTEN_FDNAMES. We basically allow
+         * everything ASCII that's not a control character. Also, as
+         * special exception the ":" character is not allowed, as we
+         * use that as field separator in $LISTEN_FDNAMES.
+         *
+         * Note that the empty string is explicitly allowed
+         * here. However, we limit the length of the names to 255
+         * characters. */
+
+        if (!s)
+                return false;
+
+        for (p = s; *p; p++) {
+                if (*p < ' ')
+                        return false;
+                if (*p >= 127)
+                        return false;
+                if (*p == ':')
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return p - s <= FDNAME_MAX;
+}
+
+int fd_get_path(int fd, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), ret);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                /* ENOENT can mean two things: that the fd does not exist or that /proc is not mounted. Let's make
+                 * things debuggable and distinguish the two. */
+
+                if (proc_mounted() == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS;  /* /proc is not available or not set up properly, we're most likely in some chroot
+                                          * environment. */
+                return -EBADF; /* The directory exists, hence it's the fd that doesn't. */
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int move_fd(int from, int to, int cloexec) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Move fd 'from' to 'to', make sure FD_CLOEXEC remains equal if requested, and release the old fd. If
+         * 'cloexec' is passed as -1, the original FD_CLOEXEC is inherited for the new fd. If it is 0, it is turned
+         * off, if it is > 0 it is turned on. */
+
+        if (from < 0)
+                return -EBADF;
+        if (to < 0)
+                return -EBADF;
+
+        if (from == to) {
+
+                if (cloexec >= 0) {
+                        r = fd_cloexec(to, cloexec);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                return to;
+        }
+
+        if (cloexec < 0) {
+                int fl;
+
+                fl = fcntl(from, F_GETFD, 0);
+                if (fl < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                cloexec = !!(fl & FD_CLOEXEC);
+        }
+
+        r = dup3(from, to, cloexec ? O_CLOEXEC : 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        assert(r == to);
+
+        safe_close(from);
+
+        return to;
+}
+
+int fd_move_above_stdio(int fd) {
+        int flags, copy;
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        /* Moves the specified file descriptor if possible out of the range [0…2], i.e. the range of
+         * stdin/stdout/stderr. If it can't be moved outside of this range the original file descriptor is
+         * returned. This call is supposed to be used for long-lasting file descriptors we allocate in our code that
+         * might get loaded into foreign code, and where we want ensure our fds are unlikely used accidentally as
+         * stdin/stdout/stderr of unrelated code.
+         *
+         * Note that this doesn't fix any real bugs, it just makes it less likely that our code will be affected by
+         * buggy code from others that mindlessly invokes 'fprintf(stderr, …' or similar in places where stderr has
+         * been closed before.
+         *
+         * This function is written in a "best-effort" and "least-impact" style. This means whenever we encounter an
+         * error we simply return the original file descriptor, and we do not touch errno. */
+
+        if (fd < 0 || fd > 2)
+                return fd;
+
+        flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+        if (flags < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        if (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)
+                copy = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+        else
+                copy = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, 3);
+        if (copy < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        assert(copy > 2);
+
+        (void) close(fd);
+        return copy;
+}
+
+int rearrange_stdio(int original_input_fd, int original_output_fd, int original_error_fd) {
+
+        int fd[3] = { /* Put together an array of fds we work on */
+                original_input_fd,
+                original_output_fd,
+                original_error_fd
+        };
+
+        int r, i,
+                null_fd = -1,                /* if we open /dev/null, we store the fd to it here */
+                copy_fd[3] = { -1, -1, -1 }; /* This contains all fds we duplicate here temporarily, and hence need to close at the end */
+        bool null_readable, null_writable;
+
+        /* Sets up stdin, stdout, stderr with the three file descriptors passed in. If any of the descriptors is
+         * specified as -1 it will be connected with /dev/null instead. If any of the file descriptors is passed as
+         * itself (e.g. stdin as STDIN_FILENO) it is left unmodified, but the O_CLOEXEC bit is turned off should it be
+         * on.
+         *
+         * Note that if any of the passed file descriptors are > 2 they will be closed — both on success and on
+         * failure! Thus, callers should assume that when this function returns the input fds are invalidated.
+         *
+         * Note that when this function fails stdin/stdout/stderr might remain half set up!
+         *
+         * O_CLOEXEC is turned off for all three file descriptors (which is how it should be for
+         * stdin/stdout/stderr). */
+
+        null_readable = original_input_fd < 0;
+        null_writable = original_output_fd < 0 || original_error_fd < 0;
+
+        /* First step, open /dev/null once, if we need it */
+        if (null_readable || null_writable) {
+
+                /* Let's open this with O_CLOEXEC first, and convert it to non-O_CLOEXEC when we move the fd to the final position. */
+                null_fd = open("/dev/null", (null_readable && null_writable ? O_RDWR :
+                                             null_readable ? O_RDONLY : O_WRONLY) | O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (null_fd < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                /* If this fd is in the 0…2 range, let's move it out of it */
+                if (null_fd < 3) {
+                        int copy;
+
+                        copy = fcntl(null_fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3); /* Duplicate this with O_CLOEXEC set */
+                        if (copy < 0) {
+                                r = -errno;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        close_and_replace(null_fd, copy);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Let's assemble fd[] with the fds to install in place of stdin/stdout/stderr */
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+
+                if (fd[i] < 0)
+                        fd[i] = null_fd;        /* A negative parameter means: connect this one to /dev/null */
+                else if (fd[i] != i && fd[i] < 3) {
+                        /* This fd is in the 0…2 territory, but not at its intended place, move it out of there, so that we can work there. */
+                        copy_fd[i] = fcntl(fd[i], F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3); /* Duplicate this with O_CLOEXEC set */
+                        if (copy_fd[i] < 0) {
+                                r = -errno;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        fd[i] = copy_fd[i];
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* At this point we now have the fds to use in fd[], and they are all above the stdio range, so that we
+         * have freedom to move them around. If the fds already were at the right places then the specific fds are
+         * -1. Let's now move them to the right places. This is the point of no return. */
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+
+                if (fd[i] == i) {
+
+                        /* fd is already in place, but let's make sure O_CLOEXEC is off */
+                        r = fd_cloexec(i, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                goto finish;
+
+                } else {
+                        assert(fd[i] > 2);
+
+                        if (dup2(fd[i], i) < 0) { /* Turns off O_CLOEXEC on the new fd. */
+                                r = -errno;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        /* Close the original fds, but only if they were outside of the stdio range. Also, properly check for the same
+         * fd passed in multiple times. */
+        safe_close_above_stdio(original_input_fd);
+        if (original_output_fd != original_input_fd)
+                safe_close_above_stdio(original_output_fd);
+        if (original_error_fd != original_input_fd && original_error_fd != original_output_fd)
+                safe_close_above_stdio(original_error_fd);
+
+        /* Close the copies we moved > 2 */
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+                safe_close(copy_fd[i]);
+
+        /* Close our null fd, if it's > 2 */
+        safe_close_above_stdio(null_fd);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int fd_reopen(int fd, int flags) {
+        int new_fd, r;
+
+        /* Reopens the specified fd with new flags. This is useful for convert an O_PATH fd into a regular one, or to
+         * turn O_RDWR fds into O_RDONLY fds.
+         *
+         * This doesn't work on sockets (since they cannot be open()ed, ever).
+         *
+         * This implicitly resets the file read index to 0. */
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, O_DIRECTORY)) {
+                /* If we shall reopen the fd as directory we can just go via "." and thus bypass the whole
+                 * magic /proc/ directory, and make ourselves independent of that being mounted. */
+                new_fd = openat(fd, ".", flags);
+                if (new_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return new_fd;
+        }
+
+        new_fd = open(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), flags);
+        if (new_fd < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = proc_mounted();
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS; /* if we have no /proc/, the concept is not implementable */
+
+                return r > 0 ? -EBADF : -ENOENT; /* If /proc/ is definitely around then this means the fd is
+                                                  * not valid, otherwise let's propagate the original
+                                                  * error */
+        }
+
+        return new_fd;
+}
+
+int read_nr_open(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *nr_open = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Returns the kernel's current fd limit, either by reading it of /proc/sys if that works, or using the
+         * hard-coded default compiled-in value of current kernels (1M) if not. This call will never fail. */
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/fs/nr_open", &nr_open);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /proc/sys/fs/nr_open, ignoring: %m");
+        else {
+                int v;
+
+                r = safe_atoi(nr_open, &v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse /proc/sys/fs/nr_open value '%s', ignoring: %m", nr_open);
+                else
+                        return v;
+        }
+
+        /* If we fail, fall back to the hard-coded kernel limit of 1024 * 1024. */
+        return 1024 * 1024;
+}
+
+int fd_get_diskseq(int fd, uint64_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t diskseq;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETDISKSEQ, &diskseq) < 0) {
+                /* Note that the kernel is weird: non-existing ioctls currently return EINVAL
+                 * rather than ENOTTY on loopback block devices. They should fix that in the kernel,
+                 * but in the meantime we accept both here. */
+                if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && errno != EINVAL)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        }
+
+        *ret = diskseq;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fd-util.h b/src/basic/fd-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29c7d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fd-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+
+/* maximum length of fdname */
+#define FDNAME_MAX 255
+
+/* Make sure we can distinguish fd 0 and NULL */
+#define FD_TO_PTR(fd) INT_TO_PTR((fd)+1)
+#define PTR_TO_FD(p) (PTR_TO_INT(p)-1)
+
+int close_nointr(int fd);
+int safe_close(int fd);
+void safe_close_pair(int p[static 2]);
+
+static inline int safe_close_above_stdio(int fd) {
+        if (fd < 3) /* Don't close stdin/stdout/stderr, but still invalidate the fd by returning -1 */
+                return -1;
+
+        return safe_close(fd);
+}
+
+void close_many(const int fds[], size_t n_fd);
+
+int fclose_nointr(FILE *f);
+FILE* safe_fclose(FILE *f);
+DIR* safe_closedir(DIR *f);
+
+static inline void closep(int *fd) {
+        safe_close(*fd);
+}
+
+static inline void close_pairp(int (*p)[2]) {
+        safe_close_pair(*p);
+}
+
+static inline void fclosep(FILE **f) {
+        safe_fclose(*f);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(FILE*, pclose, NULL);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(DIR*, closedir, NULL);
+
+#define _cleanup_close_ _cleanup_(closep)
+#define _cleanup_fclose_ _cleanup_(fclosep)
+#define _cleanup_pclose_ _cleanup_(pclosep)
+#define _cleanup_closedir_ _cleanup_(closedirp)
+#define _cleanup_close_pair_ _cleanup_(close_pairp)
+
+int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock);
+int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec);
+int fd_cloexec_many(const int fds[], size_t n_fds, bool cloexec);
+
+int get_max_fd(void);
+
+int close_all_fds(const int except[], size_t n_except);
+int close_all_fds_without_malloc(const int except[], size_t n_except);
+
+int same_fd(int a, int b);
+
+void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh);
+
+bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s);
+
+int fd_get_path(int fd, char **ret);
+
+int move_fd(int from, int to, int cloexec);
+
+enum {
+        ACQUIRE_NO_DEV_NULL = 1 << 0,
+        ACQUIRE_NO_MEMFD    = 1 << 1,
+        ACQUIRE_NO_PIPE     = 1 << 2,
+        ACQUIRE_NO_TMPFILE  = 1 << 3,
+        ACQUIRE_NO_REGULAR  = 1 << 4,
+};
+
+int fd_move_above_stdio(int fd);
+
+int rearrange_stdio(int original_input_fd, int original_output_fd, int original_error_fd);
+
+static inline int make_null_stdio(void) {
+        return rearrange_stdio(-1, -1, -1);
+}
+
+/* Like TAKE_PTR() but for file descriptors, resetting them to -1 */
+#define TAKE_FD(fd)                             \
+        ({                                      \
+                int *_fd_ = &(fd);              \
+                int _ret_ = *_fd_;              \
+                *_fd_ = -1;                     \
+                _ret_;                          \
+        })
+
+/* Like free_and_replace(), but for file descriptors */
+#define close_and_replace(a, b)                 \
+        ({                                      \
+                int *_fdp_ = &(a);              \
+                safe_close(*_fdp_);             \
+                *_fdp_ = TAKE_FD(b);            \
+                0;                              \
+        })
+
+int fd_reopen(int fd, int flags);
+int read_nr_open(void);
+int fd_get_diskseq(int fd, uint64_t *ret);
+
+/* The maximum length a buffer for a /proc/self/fd/<fd> path needs */
+#define PROC_FD_PATH_MAX \
+        (STRLEN("/proc/self/fd/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int))
+
+static inline char *format_proc_fd_path(char buf[static PROC_FD_PATH_MAX], int fd) {
+        assert(buf);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert_se(snprintf_ok(buf, PROC_FD_PATH_MAX, "/proc/self/fd/%i", fd));
+        return buf;
+}
+
+#define FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd) \
+        format_proc_fd_path((char[PROC_FD_PATH_MAX]) {}, (fd))
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.c b/src/basic/fileio.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c4ba89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1436 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio_ext.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "sync-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+
+/* The maximum size of the file we'll read in one go in read_full_file() (64M). */
+#define READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX (64U*1024U*1024U - 1U)
+
+/* The maximum size of virtual files (i.e. procfs, sysfs, and other virtual "API" files) we'll read in one go
+ * in read_virtual_file(). Note that this limit is different (and much lower) than the READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX
+ * limit. This reflects the fact that we use different strategies for reading virtual and regular files:
+ * virtual files we generally have to read in a single read() syscall since the kernel doesn't support
+ * continuation read()s for them. Thankfully they are somewhat size constrained. Thus we can allocate the
+ * full potential buffer in advance. Regular files OTOH can be much larger, and there we grow the allocations
+ * exponentially in a loop. We use a size limit of 4M-2 because 4M-1 is the maximum buffer that /proc/sys/
+ * allows us to read() (larger reads will fail with ENOMEM), and we want to read one extra byte so that we
+ * can detect EOFs. */
+#define READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX (4U*1024U*1024U - 2U)
+
+int fopen_unlocked(const char *path, const char *options, FILE **ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        FILE *f = fopen(path, options);
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+
+        *ret = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fdopen_unlocked(int fd, const char *options, FILE **ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        FILE *f = fdopen(fd, options);
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+
+        *ret = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int take_fdopen_unlocked(int *fd, const char *options, FILE **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd);
+
+        r = fdopen_unlocked(*fd, options, ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *fd = -1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+FILE* take_fdopen(int *fd, const char *options) {
+        assert(fd);
+
+        FILE *f = fdopen(*fd, options);
+        if (!f)
+                return NULL;
+
+        *fd = -1;
+
+        return f;
+}
+
+DIR* take_fdopendir(int *dfd) {
+        assert(dfd);
+
+        DIR *d = fdopendir(*dfd);
+        if (!d)
+                return NULL;
+
+        *dfd = -1;
+
+        return d;
+}
+
+FILE* open_memstream_unlocked(char **ptr, size_t *sizeloc) {
+        FILE *f = open_memstream(ptr, sizeloc);
+        if (!f)
+                return NULL;
+
+        (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+
+        return f;
+}
+
+FILE* fmemopen_unlocked(void *buf, size_t size, const char *mode) {
+        FILE *f = fmemopen(buf, size, mode);
+        if (!f)
+                return NULL;
+
+        (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+
+        return f;
+}
+
+int write_string_stream_ts(
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *line,
+                WriteStringFileFlags flags,
+                const struct timespec *ts) {
+
+        bool needs_nl;
+        int r, fd = -1;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(line);
+
+        if (ferror(f))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (ts) {
+                /* If we shall set the timestamp we need the fd. But fmemopen() streams generally don't have
+                 * an fd. Let's fail early in that case. */
+                fd = fileno(f);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -EBADF;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_SUPPRESS_REDUNDANT_VIRTUAL) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                /* If value to be written is same as that of the existing value, then suppress the write. */
+
+                if (fd < 0) {
+                        fd = fileno(f);
+                        if (fd < 0)
+                                return -EBADF;
+                }
+
+                /* Read an additional byte to detect cases where the prefix matches but the rest
+                 * doesn't. Also, 0 returned by read_virtual_file_fd() means the read was truncated and
+                 * it won't be equal to the new value. */
+                if (read_virtual_file_fd(fd, strlen(line)+1, &t, NULL) > 0 &&
+                    streq_skip_trailing_chars(line, t, NEWLINE)) {
+                        log_debug("No change in value '%s', suppressing write", line);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        needs_nl = !(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_AVOID_NEWLINE) && !endswith(line, "\n");
+
+        if (needs_nl && (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER)) {
+                /* If STDIO buffering was disabled, then let's append the newline character to the string
+                 * itself, so that the write goes out in one go, instead of two */
+
+                line = strjoina(line, "\n");
+                needs_nl = false;
+        }
+
+        if (fputs(line, f) == EOF)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (needs_nl)
+                if (fputc('\n', f) == EOF)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC)
+                r = fflush_sync_and_check(f);
+        else
+                r = fflush_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ts) {
+                const struct timespec twice[2] = {*ts, *ts};
+
+                assert(fd >= 0);
+                if (futimens(fd, twice) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_string_file_atomic(
+                const char *fn,
+                const char *line,
+                WriteStringFileFlags flags,
+                const struct timespec *ts) {
+
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fn);
+        assert(line);
+
+        /* Note that we'd really like to use O_TMPFILE here, but can't really, since we want replacement
+         * semantics here, and O_TMPFILE can't offer that. i.e. rename() replaces but linkat() doesn't. */
+
+        r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = write_string_stream_ts(f, line, flags, ts);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        r = fchmod_umask(fileno(f), FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_MODE_0600) ? 0600 : 0644);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (rename(p, fn) < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC)) {
+                /* Sync the rename, too */
+                r = fsync_directory_of_file(fileno(f));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        (void) unlink(p);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int write_string_file_ts(
+                const char *fn,
+                const char *line,
+                WriteStringFileFlags flags,
+                const struct timespec *ts) {
+
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int q, r, fd;
+
+        assert(fn);
+        assert(line);
+
+        /* We don't know how to verify whether the file contents was already on-disk. */
+        assert(!((flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE) && (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC)));
+
+        if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_MKDIR_0755) {
+                r = mkdir_parents(fn, 0755);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC) {
+                assert(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+
+                r = write_string_file_atomic(fn, line, flags, ts);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+
+                return r;
+        } else
+                assert(!ts);
+
+        /* We manually build our own version of fopen(..., "we") that works without O_CREAT and with O_NOFOLLOW if needed. */
+        fd = open(fn, O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY |
+                  (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_NOFOLLOW) ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0) |
+                  (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE) ? O_CREAT : 0) |
+                  (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_TRUNCATE) ? O_TRUNC : 0) |
+                  (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_SUPPRESS_REDUNDANT_VIRTUAL) ? O_RDWR : O_WRONLY),
+                  (FLAGS_SET(flags, WRITE_STRING_FILE_MODE_0600) ? 0600 : 0666));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = fdopen_unlocked(fd, "w", &f);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                safe_close(fd);
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER)
+                setvbuf(f, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
+
+        r = write_string_stream_ts(f, line, flags, ts);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        if (!(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE))
+                return r;
+
+        f = safe_fclose(f);
+
+        /* OK, the operation failed, but let's see if the right
+         * contents in place already. If so, eat up the error. */
+
+        q = verify_file(fn, line, !(flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_AVOID_NEWLINE) || (flags & WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_IGNORE_NEWLINE));
+        if (q <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int write_string_filef(
+                const char *fn,
+                WriteStringFileFlags flags,
+                const char *format, ...) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        r = vasprintf(&p, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return write_string_file(fn, p, flags);
+}
+
+int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fn);
+        assert(line);
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked(fn, "re", &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, line);
+}
+
+int verify_file(const char *fn, const char *blob, bool accept_extra_nl) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        size_t l, k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fn);
+        assert(blob);
+
+        l = strlen(blob);
+
+        if (accept_extra_nl && endswith(blob, "\n"))
+                accept_extra_nl = false;
+
+        buf = malloc(l + accept_extra_nl + 1);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked(fn, "re", &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* We try to read one byte more than we need, so that we know whether we hit eof */
+        errno = 0;
+        k = fread(buf, 1, l + accept_extra_nl + 1, f);
+        if (ferror(f))
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        if (k != l && k != l + accept_extra_nl)
+                return 0;
+        if (memcmp(buf, blob, l) != 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (k > l && buf[l] != '\n')
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int read_virtual_file_fd(int fd, size_t max_size, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        size_t n, size;
+        int n_retries;
+        bool truncated = false;
+
+        /* Virtual filesystems such as sysfs or procfs use kernfs, and kernfs can work with two sorts of
+         * virtual files. One sort uses "seq_file", and the results of the first read are buffered for the
+         * second read. The other sort uses "raw" reads which always go direct to the device. In the latter
+         * case, the content of the virtual file must be retrieved with a single read otherwise a second read
+         * might get the new value instead of finding EOF immediately. That's the reason why the usage of
+         * fread(3) is prohibited in this case as it always performs a second call to read(2) looking for
+         * EOF. See issue #13585.
+         *
+         * max_size specifies a limit on the bytes read. If max_size is SIZE_MAX, the full file is read. If
+         * the full file is too large to read, an error is returned. For other values of max_size, *partial
+         * contents* may be returned. (Though the read is still done using one syscall.) Returns 0 on
+         * partial success, 1 if untruncated contents were read. */
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(max_size <= READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX || max_size == SIZE_MAX);
+
+        /* Limit the number of attempts to read the number of bytes returned by fstat(). */
+        n_retries = 3;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct stat st;
+
+                if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                        return -EBADF;
+
+                /* Be prepared for files from /proc which generally report a file size of 0. */
+                assert_cc(READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX < SSIZE_MAX);
+                if (st.st_size > 0 && n_retries > 1) {
+                        /* Let's use the file size if we have more than 1 attempt left. On the last attempt
+                         * we'll ignore the file size */
+
+                        if (st.st_size > SSIZE_MAX) { /* Avoid overflow with 32-bit size_t and 64-bit off_t. */
+
+                                if (max_size == SIZE_MAX)
+                                        return -EFBIG;
+
+                                size = max_size;
+                        } else {
+                                size = MIN((size_t) st.st_size, max_size);
+
+                                if (size > READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX)
+                                        return -EFBIG;
+                        }
+
+                        n_retries--;
+                } else if (n_retries > 1) {
+                        /* Files in /proc are generally smaller than the page size so let's start with
+                         * a page size buffer from malloc and only use the max buffer on the final try. */
+                        size = MIN3(page_size() - 1, READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX, max_size);
+                        n_retries = 1;
+                } else {
+                        size = MIN(READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX, max_size);
+                        n_retries = 0;
+                }
+
+                buf = malloc(size + 1);
+                if (!buf)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                /* Use a bigger allocation if we got it anyway, but not more than the limit. */
+                size = MIN3(MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(buf) - 1, max_size, READ_VIRTUAL_BYTES_MAX);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        ssize_t k;
+
+                        /* Read one more byte so we can detect whether the content of the
+                         * file has already changed or the guessed size for files from /proc
+                         * wasn't large enough . */
+                        k = read(fd, buf, size + 1);
+                        if (k >= 0) {
+                                n = k;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (errno != EINTR)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+
+                /* Consider a short read as EOF */
+                if (n <= size)
+                        break;
+
+                /* If a maximum size is specified and we already read more we know the file is larger, and
+                 * can handle this as truncation case. Note that if the size of what we read equals the
+                 * maximum size then this doesn't mean truncation, the file might or might not end on that
+                 * byte. We need to rerun the loop in that case, with a larger buffer size, so that we read
+                 * at least one more byte to be able to distinguish EOF from truncation. */
+                if (max_size != SIZE_MAX && n > max_size) {
+                        n = size; /* Make sure we never use more than what we sized the buffer for (so that
+                                   * we have one free byte in it for the trailing NUL we add below).*/
+                        truncated = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /* We have no further attempts left? Then the file is apparently larger than our limits. Give up. */
+                if (n_retries <= 0)
+                        return -EFBIG;
+
+                /* Hmm... either we read too few bytes from /proc or less likely the content of the file
+                 * might have been changed (and is now bigger) while we were processing, let's try again
+                 * either with the new file size. */
+
+                if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                buf = mfree(buf);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_contents) {
+
+                /* Safety check: if the caller doesn't want to know the size of what we just read it will
+                 * rely on the trailing NUL byte. But if there's an embedded NUL byte, then we should refuse
+                 * operation as otherwise there'd be ambiguity about what we just read. */
+                if (!ret_size && memchr(buf, 0, n))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                if (n < size) {
+                        char *p;
+
+                        /* Return rest of the buffer to libc */
+                        p = realloc(buf, n + 1);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        buf = p;
+                }
+
+                buf[n] = 0;
+                *ret_contents = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_size)
+                *ret_size = n;
+
+        return !truncated;
+}
+
+int read_virtual_file_at(
+                int dir_fd,
+                const char *filename,
+                size_t max_size,
+                char **ret_contents,
+                size_t *ret_size) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(dir_fd >= 0 || dir_fd == AT_FDCWD);
+
+        if (!filename) {
+                if (dir_fd == AT_FDCWD)
+                        return -EBADF;
+
+                return read_virtual_file_fd(dir_fd, max_size, ret_contents, ret_size);
+        }
+
+        fd = openat(dir_fd, filename, O_RDONLY | O_NOCTTY | O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return read_virtual_file_fd(fd, max_size, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+
+int read_full_stream_full(
+                FILE *f,
+                const char *filename,
+                uint64_t offset,
+                size_t size,
+                ReadFullFileFlags flags,
+                char **ret_contents,
+                size_t *ret_size) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        size_t n, n_next = 0, l;
+        int fd, r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(ret_contents);
+        assert(!FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_UNBASE64 | READ_FULL_FILE_UNHEX));
+        assert(size != SIZE_MAX || !FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER));
+
+        if (offset != UINT64_MAX && offset > LONG_MAX) /* fseek() can only deal with "long" offsets */
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        fd = fileno(f);
+        if (fd >= 0) { /* If the FILE* object is backed by an fd (as opposed to memory or such, see
+                        * fmemopen()), let's optimize our buffering */
+                struct stat st;
+
+                if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+
+                        /* Try to start with the right file size if we shall read the file in full. Note
+                         * that we increase the size to read here by one, so that the first read attempt
+                         * already makes us notice the EOF. If the reported size of the file is zero, we
+                         * avoid this logic however, since quite likely it might be a virtual file in procfs
+                         * that all report a zero file size. */
+
+                        if (st.st_size > 0 &&
+                            (size == SIZE_MAX || FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER))) {
+
+                                uint64_t rsize =
+                                        LESS_BY((uint64_t) st.st_size, offset == UINT64_MAX ? 0 : offset);
+
+                                if (rsize < SIZE_MAX) /* overflow check */
+                                        n_next = rsize + 1;
+                        }
+
+                        if (flags & READ_FULL_FILE_WARN_WORLD_READABLE)
+                                (void) warn_file_is_world_accessible(filename, &st, NULL, 0);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* If we don't know how much to read, figure it out now. If we shall read a part of the file, then
+         * allocate the requested size. If we shall load the full file start with LINE_MAX. Note that if
+         * READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER we consider the specified size a safety limit, and thus also start
+         * with LINE_MAX, under assumption the file is most likely much shorter. */
+        if (n_next == 0)
+                n_next = size != SIZE_MAX && !FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER) ? size : LINE_MAX;
+
+        /* Never read more than we need to determine that our own limit is hit */
+        if (n_next > READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX)
+                n_next = READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX + 1;
+
+        if (offset != UINT64_MAX && fseek(f, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        n = l = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+                char *t;
+                size_t k;
+
+                /* If we shall fail when reading overly large data, then read exactly one byte more than the
+                 * specified size at max, since that'll tell us if there's anymore data beyond the limit*/
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER) && n_next > size)
+                        n_next = size + 1;
+
+                if (flags & READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE) {
+                        t = malloc(n_next + 1);
+                        if (!t) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto finalize;
+                        }
+                        memcpy_safe(t, buf, n);
+                        explicit_bzero_safe(buf, n);
+                        free(buf);
+                } else {
+                        t = realloc(buf, n_next + 1);
+                        if (!t)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                buf = t;
+                /* Unless a size has been explicitly specified, try to read as much as fits into the memory
+                 * we allocated (minus 1, to leave one byte for the safety NUL byte) */
+                n = size == SIZE_MAX ? MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(buf) - 1 : n_next;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
+
+                assert(k <= n - l);
+                l += k;
+
+                if (ferror(f)) {
+                        r = errno_or_else(EIO);
+                        goto finalize;
+                }
+                if (feof(f))
+                        break;
+
+                if (size != SIZE_MAX && !FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER)) { /* If we got asked to read some specific size, we already sized the buffer right, hence leave */
+                        assert(l == size);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                assert(k > 0); /* we can't have read zero bytes because that would have been EOF */
+
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER) && l > size) {
+                        r = -E2BIG;
+                        goto finalize;
+                }
+
+                if (n >= READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX) {
+                        r = -E2BIG;
+                        goto finalize;
+                }
+
+                n_next = MIN(n * 2, READ_FULL_BYTES_MAX);
+        }
+
+        if (flags & (READ_FULL_FILE_UNBASE64 | READ_FULL_FILE_UNHEX)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ void *decoded = NULL;
+                size_t decoded_size;
+
+                buf[l++] = 0;
+                if (flags & READ_FULL_FILE_UNBASE64)
+                        r = unbase64mem_full(buf, l, flags & READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE, &decoded, &decoded_size);
+                else
+                        r = unhexmem_full(buf, l, flags & READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE, &decoded, &decoded_size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finalize;
+
+                if (flags & READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE)
+                        explicit_bzero_safe(buf, n);
+                free_and_replace(buf, decoded);
+                n = l = decoded_size;
+        }
+
+        if (!ret_size) {
+                /* Safety check: if the caller doesn't want to know the size of what we just read it will rely on the
+                 * trailing NUL byte. But if there's an embedded NUL byte, then we should refuse operation as otherwise
+                 * there'd be ambiguity about what we just read. */
+
+                if (memchr(buf, 0, l)) {
+                        r = -EBADMSG;
+                        goto finalize;
+                }
+        }
+
+        buf[l] = 0;
+        *ret_contents = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+
+        if (ret_size)
+                *ret_size = l;
+
+        return 0;
+
+finalize:
+        if (flags & READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE)
+                explicit_bzero_safe(buf, n);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int read_full_file_full(
+                int dir_fd,
+                const char *filename,
+                uint64_t offset,
+                size_t size,
+                ReadFullFileFlags flags,
+                const char *bind_name,
+                char **ret_contents,
+                size_t *ret_size) {
+
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(ret_contents);
+
+        r = xfopenat(dir_fd, filename, "re", 0, &f);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int sk = -1;
+
+                /* ENXIO is what Linux returns if we open a node that is an AF_UNIX socket */
+                if (r != -ENXIO)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* If this is enabled, let's try to connect to it */
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET))
+                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                /* Seeking is not supported on AF_UNIX sockets */
+                if (offset != UINT64_MAX)
+                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                sk = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+                if (sk < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (bind_name) {
+                        /* If the caller specified a socket name to bind to, do so before connecting. This is
+                         * useful to communicate some minor, short meta-information token from the client to
+                         * the server. */
+                        union sockaddr_union bsa;
+
+                        r = sockaddr_un_set_path(&bsa.un, bind_name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (bind(sk, &bsa.sa, r) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+
+                r = connect_unix_path(sk, dir_fd, filename);
+                if (IN_SET(r, -ENOTSOCK, -EINVAL)) /* propagate original error if this is not a socket after all */
+                        return -ENXIO;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (shutdown(sk, SHUT_WR) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                f = fdopen(sk, "r");
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                TAKE_FD(sk);
+        }
+
+        (void) __fsetlocking(f, FSETLOCKING_BYCALLER);
+
+        return read_full_stream_full(f, filename, offset, size, flags, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+
+int executable_is_script(const char *path, char **interpreter) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        size_t len;
+        char *ans;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(path, &line);
+        if (r == -ENOBUFS) /* First line overly long? if so, then it's not a script */
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!startswith(line, "#!"))
+                return 0;
+
+        ans = strstrip(line + 2);
+        len = strcspn(ans, " \t");
+
+        if (len == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        ans = strndup(ans, len);
+        if (!ans)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *interpreter = ans;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve one field from a file like /proc/self/status.  pattern
+ * should not include whitespace or the delimiter (':'). pattern matches only
+ * the beginning of a line. Whitespace before ':' is skipped. Whitespace and
+ * zeros after the ':' will be skipped. field must be freed afterwards.
+ * terminator specifies the terminating characters of the field value (not
+ * included in the value).
+ */
+int get_proc_field(const char *filename, const char *pattern, const char *terminator, char **field) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *status = NULL;
+        char *t, *f;
+        size_t len;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(terminator);
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(pattern);
+        assert(field);
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(filename, &status, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        t = status;
+
+        do {
+                bool pattern_ok;
+
+                do {
+                        t = strstr(t, pattern);
+                        if (!t)
+                                return -ENOENT;
+
+                        /* Check that pattern occurs in beginning of line. */
+                        pattern_ok = (t == status || t[-1] == '\n');
+
+                        t += strlen(pattern);
+
+                } while (!pattern_ok);
+
+                t += strspn(t, " \t");
+                if (!*t)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+        } while (*t != ':');
+
+        t++;
+
+        if (*t) {
+                t += strspn(t, " \t");
+
+                /* Also skip zeros, because when this is used for
+                 * capabilities, we don't want the zeros. This way the
+                 * same capability set always maps to the same string,
+                 * irrespective of the total capability set size. For
+                 * other numbers it shouldn't matter. */
+                t += strspn(t, "0");
+                /* Back off one char if there's nothing but whitespace
+                   and zeros */
+                if (!*t || isspace(*t))
+                        t--;
+        }
+
+        len = strcspn(t, terminator);
+
+        f = strndup(t, len);
+        if (!f)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *field = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
+        int nfd;
+        DIR *d;
+
+        assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
+
+        if (fd == AT_FDCWD && flags == 0)
+                return opendir(name);
+
+        nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
+        if (nfd < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        d = fdopendir(nfd);
+        if (!d) {
+                safe_close(nfd);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return d;
+}
+
+int fopen_mode_to_flags(const char *mode) {
+        const char *p;
+        int flags;
+
+        assert(mode);
+
+        if ((p = startswith(mode, "r+")))
+                flags = O_RDWR;
+        else if ((p = startswith(mode, "r")))
+                flags = O_RDONLY;
+        else if ((p = startswith(mode, "w+")))
+                flags = O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
+        else if ((p = startswith(mode, "w")))
+                flags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
+        else if ((p = startswith(mode, "a+")))
+                flags = O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_APPEND;
+        else if ((p = startswith(mode, "a")))
+                flags = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND;
+        else
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (; *p != 0; p++) {
+
+                switch (*p) {
+
+                case 'e':
+                        flags |= O_CLOEXEC;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'x':
+                        flags |= O_EXCL;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'm':
+                        /* ignore this here, fdopen() might care later though */
+                        break;
+
+                case 'c': /* not sure what to do about this one */
+                default:
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return flags;
+}
+
+int xfopenat(int dir_fd, const char *path, const char *mode, int flags, FILE **ret) {
+        FILE *f;
+
+        /* A combination of fopen() with openat() */
+
+        if (dir_fd == AT_FDCWD && flags == 0) {
+                f = fopen(path, mode);
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                int fd, mode_flags;
+
+                mode_flags = fopen_mode_to_flags(mode);
+                if (mode_flags < 0)
+                        return mode_flags;
+
+                fd = openat(dir_fd, path, mode_flags | flags);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                f = fdopen(fd, mode);
+                if (!f) {
+                        safe_close(fd);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int search_and_fopen_internal(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *mode,
+                const char *root,
+                char **search,
+                FILE **ret,
+                char **ret_path) {
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(mode);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                FILE *f;
+
+                p = path_join(root, *i, path);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                f = fopen(p, mode);
+                if (f) {
+                        if (ret_path)
+                                *ret_path = path_simplify(TAKE_PTR(p));
+
+                        *ret = f;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen(
+                const char *filename,
+                const char *mode,
+                const char *root,
+                const char **search,
+                FILE **ret,
+                char **ret_path) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(mode);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(filename)) {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+
+                f = fopen(filename, mode);
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (ret_path) {
+                        char *p;
+
+                        p = strdup(filename);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *ret_path = path_simplify(p);
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(f);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return search_and_fopen_internal(filename, mode, root, copy, ret, ret_path);
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen_nulstr(
+                const char *filename,
+                const char *mode,
+                const char *root,
+                const char *search,
+                FILE **ret,
+                char **ret_path) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(filename)) {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+
+                f = fopen(filename, mode);
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (ret_path) {
+                        char *p;
+
+                        p = strdup(filename);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *ret_path = path_simplify(p);
+                }
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(f);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return search_and_fopen_internal(filename, mode, root, s, ret, ret_path);
+}
+
+int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
+        assert(f);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        fflush(f);
+
+        if (ferror(f))
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fflush_sync_and_check(FILE *f) {
+        int r, fd;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        r = fflush_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Not all file streams have an fd associated (think: fmemopen()), let's handle this gracefully and
+         * assume that in that case we need no explicit syncing */
+        fd = fileno(f);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = fsync_full(fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int write_timestamp_file_atomic(const char *fn, usec_t n) {
+        char ln[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(n)+2];
+
+        /* Creates a "timestamp" file, that contains nothing but a
+         * usec_t timestamp, formatted in ASCII. */
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(n))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        xsprintf(ln, USEC_FMT "\n", n);
+
+        return write_string_file(fn, ln, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC);
+}
+
+int read_timestamp_file(const char *fn, usec_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ln = NULL;
+        uint64_t t;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(fn, &ln);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = safe_atou64(ln, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(t))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (usec_t) t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fputs_with_space(FILE *f, const char *s, const char *separator, bool *space) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Outputs the specified string with fputs(), but optionally prefixes it with a separator. The *space parameter
+         * when specified shall initially point to a boolean variable initialized to false. It is set to true after the
+         * first invocation. This call is supposed to be use in loops, where a separator shall be inserted between each
+         * element, but not before the first one. */
+
+        if (!f)
+                f = stdout;
+
+        if (space) {
+                if (!separator)
+                        separator = " ";
+
+                if (*space) {
+                        r = fputs(separator, f);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                *space = true;
+        }
+
+        return fputs(s, f);
+}
+
+/* A bitmask of the EOL markers we know */
+typedef enum EndOfLineMarker {
+        EOL_NONE     = 0,
+        EOL_ZERO     = 1 << 0,  /* \0 (aka NUL) */
+        EOL_TEN      = 1 << 1,  /* \n (aka NL, aka LF)  */
+        EOL_THIRTEEN = 1 << 2,  /* \r (aka CR)  */
+} EndOfLineMarker;
+
+static EndOfLineMarker categorize_eol(char c, ReadLineFlags flags) {
+
+        if (!IN_SET(flags, READ_LINE_ONLY_NUL)) {
+                if (c == '\n')
+                        return EOL_TEN;
+                if (c == '\r')
+                        return EOL_THIRTEEN;
+        }
+
+        if (c == '\0')
+                return EOL_ZERO;
+
+        return EOL_NONE;
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(FILE*, funlockfile, NULL);
+
+int read_line_full(FILE *f, size_t limit, ReadLineFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buffer = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0, count = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* Something like a bounded version of getline().
+         *
+         * Considers EOF, \n, \r and \0 end of line delimiters (or combinations of these), and does not include these
+         * delimiters in the string returned. Specifically, recognizes the following combinations of markers as line
+         * endings:
+         *
+         *     • \n        (UNIX)
+         *     • \r        (old MacOS)
+         *     • \0        (C strings)
+         *     • \n\0
+         *     • \r\0
+         *     • \r\n      (Windows)
+         *     • \n\r
+         *     • \r\n\0
+         *     • \n\r\0
+         *
+         * Returns the number of bytes read from the files (i.e. including delimiters — this hence usually differs from
+         * the number of characters in the returned string). When EOF is hit, 0 is returned.
+         *
+         * The input parameter limit is the maximum numbers of characters in the returned string, i.e. excluding
+         * delimiters. If the limit is hit we fail and return -ENOBUFS.
+         *
+         * If a line shall be skipped ret may be initialized as NULL. */
+
+        if (ret) {
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(buffer, 1))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        {
+                _unused_ _cleanup_(funlockfilep) FILE *flocked = f;
+                EndOfLineMarker previous_eol = EOL_NONE;
+                flockfile(f);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        EndOfLineMarker eol;
+                        char c;
+
+                        if (n >= limit)
+                                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                        if (count >= INT_MAX) /* We couldn't return the counter anymore as "int", hence refuse this */
+                                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                        r = safe_fgetc(f, &c);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0) /* EOF is definitely EOL */
+                                break;
+
+                        eol = categorize_eol(c, flags);
+
+                        if (FLAGS_SET(previous_eol, EOL_ZERO) ||
+                            (eol == EOL_NONE && previous_eol != EOL_NONE) ||
+                            (eol != EOL_NONE && (previous_eol & eol) != 0)) {
+                                /* Previous char was a NUL? This is not an EOL, but the previous char was? This type of
+                                 * EOL marker has been seen right before?  In either of these three cases we are
+                                 * done. But first, let's put this character back in the queue. (Note that we have to
+                                 * cast this to (unsigned char) here as ungetc() expects a positive 'int', and if we
+                                 * are on an architecture where 'char' equals 'signed char' we need to ensure we don't
+                                 * pass a negative value here. That said, to complicate things further ungetc() is
+                                 * actually happy with most negative characters and implicitly casts them back to
+                                 * positive ones as needed, except for \xff (aka -1, aka EOF), which it refuses. What a
+                                 * godawful API!) */
+                                assert_se(ungetc((unsigned char) c, f) != EOF);
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        count++;
+
+                        if (eol != EOL_NONE) {
+                                /* If we are on a tty, we can't shouldn't wait for more input, because that
+                                 * generally means waiting for the user, interactively. In the case of a TTY
+                                 * we expect only \n as the single EOL marker, so we are in the lucky
+                                 * position that there is no need to wait. We check this condition last, to
+                                 * avoid isatty() check if not necessary. */
+
+                                if ((flags & (READ_LINE_IS_A_TTY|READ_LINE_NOT_A_TTY)) == 0) {
+                                        int fd;
+
+                                        fd = fileno(f);
+                                        if (fd < 0) /* Maybe an fmemopen() stream? Handle this gracefully,
+                                                     * and don't call isatty() on an invalid fd */
+                                                flags |= READ_LINE_NOT_A_TTY;
+                                        else
+                                                flags |= isatty(fd) ? READ_LINE_IS_A_TTY : READ_LINE_NOT_A_TTY;
+                                }
+                                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, READ_LINE_IS_A_TTY))
+                                        break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (eol != EOL_NONE) {
+                                previous_eol |= eol;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (ret) {
+                                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(buffer, n + 2))
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                buffer[n] = c;
+                        }
+
+                        n++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ret) {
+                buffer[n] = 0;
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(buffer);
+        }
+
+        return (int) count;
+}
+
+int safe_fgetc(FILE *f, char *ret) {
+        int k;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* A safer version of plain fgetc(): let's propagate the error that happened while reading as such, and
+         * separate the EOF condition from the byte read, to avoid those confusion signed/unsigned issues fgetc()
+         * has. */
+
+        errno = 0;
+        k = fgetc(f);
+        if (k == EOF) {
+                if (ferror(f))
+                        return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = 0;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = k;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int warn_file_is_world_accessible(const char *filename, struct stat *st, const char *unit, unsigned line) {
+        struct stat _st;
+
+        if (!filename)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!st) {
+                if (stat(filename, &_st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                st = &_st;
+        }
+
+        if ((st->st_mode & S_IRWXO) == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (unit)
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_WARNING, filename, line, 0,
+                           "%s has %04o mode that is too permissive, please adjust the ownership and access mode.",
+                           filename, st->st_mode & 07777);
+        else
+                log_warning("%s has %04o mode that is too permissive, please adjust the ownership and access mode.",
+                            filename, st->st_mode & 07777);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.h b/src/basic/fileio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9151d82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+#define LONG_LINE_MAX (1U*1024U*1024U)
+
+typedef enum {
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE                     = 1 << 0,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_TRUNCATE                   = 1 << 1,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_ATOMIC                     = 1 << 2,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_AVOID_NEWLINE              = 1 << 3,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE          = 1 << 4,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_IGNORE_NEWLINE      = 1 << 5,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_SYNC                       = 1 << 6,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER             = 1 << 7,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_NOFOLLOW                   = 1 << 8,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_MKDIR_0755                 = 1 << 9,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_MODE_0600                  = 1 << 10,
+        WRITE_STRING_FILE_SUPPRESS_REDUNDANT_VIRTUAL = 1 << 11,
+
+        /* And before you wonder, why write_string_file_atomic_label_ts() is a separate function instead of just one
+           more flag here: it's about linking: we don't want to pull -lselinux into all users of write_string_file()
+           and friends. */
+
+} WriteStringFileFlags;
+
+typedef enum {
+        READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE              = 1 << 0, /* erase any buffers we employ internally, after use */
+        READ_FULL_FILE_UNBASE64            = 1 << 1, /* base64 decode what we read */
+        READ_FULL_FILE_UNHEX               = 1 << 2, /* hex decode what we read */
+        READ_FULL_FILE_WARN_WORLD_READABLE = 1 << 3, /* if regular file, log at LOG_WARNING level if access mode above 0700 */
+        READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET      = 1 << 4, /* if socket inode, connect to it and read off it */
+        READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER    = 1 << 5, /* fail loading if file is larger than specified size */
+} ReadFullFileFlags;
+
+int fopen_unlocked(const char *path, const char *options, FILE **ret);
+int fdopen_unlocked(int fd, const char *options, FILE **ret);
+int take_fdopen_unlocked(int *fd, const char *options, FILE **ret);
+FILE* take_fdopen(int *fd, const char *options);
+DIR* take_fdopendir(int *dfd);
+FILE* open_memstream_unlocked(char **ptr, size_t *sizeloc);
+FILE* fmemopen_unlocked(void *buf, size_t size, const char *mode);
+
+int write_string_stream_ts(FILE *f, const char *line, WriteStringFileFlags flags, const struct timespec *ts);
+static inline int write_string_stream(FILE *f, const char *line, WriteStringFileFlags flags) {
+        return write_string_stream_ts(f, line, flags, NULL);
+}
+int write_string_file_ts(const char *fn, const char *line, WriteStringFileFlags flags, const struct timespec *ts);
+static inline int write_string_file(const char *fn, const char *line, WriteStringFileFlags flags) {
+        return write_string_file_ts(fn, line, flags, NULL);
+}
+
+int write_string_filef(const char *fn, WriteStringFileFlags flags, const char *format, ...) _printf_(3, 4);
+
+int read_one_line_file(const char *filename, char **line);
+int read_full_file_full(int dir_fd, const char *filename, uint64_t offset, size_t size, ReadFullFileFlags flags, const char *bind_name, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size);
+static inline int read_full_file(const char *filename, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size) {
+        return read_full_file_full(AT_FDCWD, filename, UINT64_MAX, SIZE_MAX, 0, NULL, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+
+int read_virtual_file_fd(int fd, size_t max_size, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size);
+int read_virtual_file_at(int dir_fd, const char *filename, size_t max_size, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size);
+static inline int read_virtual_file(const char *filename, size_t max_size, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size) {
+        return read_virtual_file_at(AT_FDCWD, filename, max_size, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+static inline int read_full_virtual_file(const char *filename, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size) {
+        return read_virtual_file(filename, SIZE_MAX, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+
+int read_full_stream_full(FILE *f, const char *filename, uint64_t offset, size_t size, ReadFullFileFlags flags, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size);
+static inline int read_full_stream(FILE *f, char **ret_contents, size_t *ret_size) {
+        return read_full_stream_full(f, NULL, UINT64_MAX, SIZE_MAX, 0, ret_contents, ret_size);
+}
+
+int verify_file(const char *fn, const char *blob, bool accept_extra_nl);
+
+int executable_is_script(const char *path, char **interpreter);
+
+int get_proc_field(const char *filename, const char *pattern, const char *terminator, char **field);
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);
+int xfopenat(int dir_fd, const char *path, const char *mode, int flags, FILE **ret);
+
+int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **ret, char **ret_path);
+int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **ret, char **ret_path);
+
+int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);
+int fflush_sync_and_check(FILE *f);
+
+int write_timestamp_file_atomic(const char *fn, usec_t n);
+int read_timestamp_file(const char *fn, usec_t *ret);
+
+int fputs_with_space(FILE *f, const char *s, const char *separator, bool *space);
+
+typedef enum ReadLineFlags {
+        READ_LINE_ONLY_NUL  = 1 << 0,
+        READ_LINE_IS_A_TTY  = 1 << 1,
+        READ_LINE_NOT_A_TTY = 1 << 2,
+} ReadLineFlags;
+
+int read_line_full(FILE *f, size_t limit, ReadLineFlags flags, char **ret);
+
+static inline bool file_offset_beyond_memory_size(off_t x) {
+        if (x < 0) /* off_t is signed, filter that out */
+                return false;
+        return (uint64_t) x > (uint64_t) SIZE_MAX;
+}
+
+static inline int read_line(FILE *f, size_t limit, char **ret) {
+        return read_line_full(f, limit, 0, ret);
+}
+
+static inline int read_nul_string(FILE *f, size_t limit, char **ret) {
+        return read_line_full(f, limit, READ_LINE_ONLY_NUL, ret);
+}
+
+int safe_fgetc(FILE *f, char *ret);
+
+int warn_file_is_world_accessible(const char *filename, struct stat *st, const char *unit, unsigned line);
+
+int fopen_mode_to_flags(const char *mode);
diff --git a/src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf b/src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8c5357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/filesystems-gperf.gperf
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+%{
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+
+#include "filesystems.h"
+#include "missing_magic.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+
+struct FilesystemMagic {
+        const char *name;
+        statfs_f_type_t magic[FILESYSTEM_MAGIC_MAX];
+};
+%}
+struct FilesystemMagic;
+%language=ANSI-C
+%define hash-function-name filesystems_gperf_hash
+%define lookup-function-name filesystems_gperf_lookup
+%define slot-name name
+%readonly-tables
+%omit-struct-type
+%struct-type
+%includes
+%%
+apparmorfs,      {AAFS_MAGIC}
+adfs,            {ADFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+affs,            {AFFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+afs,             {AFS_FS_MAGIC, AFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+anon_inodefs,    {ANON_INODE_FS_MAGIC}
+autofs,          {AUTOFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+balloon-kvm,     {BALLOON_KVM_MAGIC}
+bdev,            {BDEVFS_MAGIC}
+binder,          {BINDERFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+binfmt_misc,     {BINFMTFS_MAGIC}
+bpf,             {BPF_FS_MAGIC}
+btrfs,           {BTRFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+btrfs_test_fs,   {BTRFS_TEST_MAGIC}
+# cpuset's magic got reassigned to cgroupfs
+cpuset,          {CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ceph,            {CEPH_SUPER_MAGIC}
+cgroup2,         {CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# note that the cgroupfs magic got reassigned from cpuset
+cgroup,          {CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC}
+cifs,            {CIFS_SUPER_MAGIC, SMB2_SUPER_MAGIC}
+coda,            {CODA_SUPER_MAGIC}
+configfs,        {CONFIGFS_MAGIC}
+cramfs,          {CRAMFS_MAGIC}
+dax,             {DAXFS_MAGIC}
+debugfs,         {DEBUGFS_MAGIC}
+devmem,          {DEVMEM_MAGIC}
+devpts,          {DEVPTS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# devtmpfs is just a special instance of tmpfs, hence it reports its magic
+devtmpfs,        {TMPFS_MAGIC}
+dmabuf,          {DMA_BUF_MAGIC}
+ecryptfs,        {ECRYPTFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+efivarfs,        {EFIVARFS_MAGIC}
+efs,             {EFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+erofs,           {EROFS_SUPER_MAGIC_V1}
+# ext2 + ext3 + ext4 use the same magic
+ext2,            {EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ext3,            {EXT3_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ext4,            {EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC}
+exfat,           {EXFAT_SUPER_MAGIC}
+f2fs,            {F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# fuseblk is so closely related to fuse that it shares the same magic
+fuseblk,         {FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC}
+fuse,            {FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC}
+fusectl,         {FUSE_CTL_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# gfs is an old version of gfs2 and reuses the magic
+gfs,             {GFS2_MAGIC}
+gfs2,            {GFS2_MAGIC}
+hostfs,          {HOSTFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+hpfs,            {HPFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+hugetlbfs,       {HUGETLBFS_MAGIC}
+iso9660,         {ISOFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+jffs2,           {JFFS2_SUPER_MAGIC}
+minix,           {MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC, MINIX_SUPER_MAGIC2, MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC, MINIX2_SUPER_MAGIC2, MINIX3_SUPER_MAGIC}
+mqueue,          {MQUEUE_MAGIC}
+# msdos is an older legacy version of vfat, shares the magic
+msdos,           {MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# ncp/ncpfs have been removed from the kernel, but ncpfs was the official name
+ncp,             {NCP_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ncpfs,           {NCP_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# nfs is the old version of nfs4, and they share the same magic
+nfs,             {NFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+nfs4,            {NFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+nilfs2,          {NILFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+nsfs,            {NSFS_MAGIC}
+ntfs,            {NTFS_SB_MAGIC}
+ntfs3,           {NTFS3_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ocfs2,           {OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC}
+openpromfs,      {OPENPROM_SUPER_MAGIC}
+orangefs,        {ORANGEFS_DEVREQ_MAGIC}
+overlay,         {OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+pipefs,          {PIPEFS_MAGIC}
+ppc-cmm,         {PPC_CMM_MAGIC}
+proc,            {PROC_SUPER_MAGIC}
+pstore,          {PSTOREFS_MAGIC}
+# pvfs2 is the old version of orangefs
+pvfs2,           {ORANGEFS_DEVREQ_MAGIC}
+qnx4,            {QNX4_SUPER_MAGIC}
+qnx6,            {QNX6_SUPER_MAGIC}
+ramfs,           {RAMFS_MAGIC}
+resctrl,         {RDTGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC}
+reiserfs,        {REISERFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+rpc_pipefs,      {RPC_PIPEFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+secretmem,       {SECRETMEM_MAGIC}
+securityfs,      {SECURITYFS_MAGIC}
+selinuxfs,       {SELINUX_MAGIC}
+shiftfs,         {SHIFTFS_MAGIC}
+smackfs,         {SMACK_MAGIC}
+# smb3 is an alias for cifs
+smb3,            {CIFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# smbfs was removed from the kernel in 2010, the magic remains
+smbfs,           {SMB_SUPER_MAGIC}
+sockfs,          {SOCKFS_MAGIC}
+squashfs,        {SQUASHFS_MAGIC}
+sysfs,           {SYSFS_MAGIC}
+# note that devtmpfs shares the same magic with tmpfs, given it is just a special named instance of it.
+tmpfs,           {TMPFS_MAGIC}
+tracefs,         {TRACEFS_MAGIC}
+udf,             {UDF_SUPER_MAGIC}
+usbdevfs,        {USBDEVICE_SUPER_MAGIC}
+vboxsf,          {VBOXSF_SUPER_MAGIC}
+# note that msdos shares the same magic (and is the older version)
+vfat,            {MSDOS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+v9fs,            {V9FS_MAGIC}
+xenfs,           {XENFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+xfs,             {XFS_SUPER_MAGIC}
+z3fold,          {Z3FOLD_MAGIC}
+zonefs,          {ZONEFS_MAGIC}
+zsmalloc,        {ZSMALLOC_MAGIC}
diff --git a/src/basic/filesystems.c b/src/basic/filesystems.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f71f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/filesystems.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "filesystems-gperf.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+
+const char *fs_type_to_string(statfs_f_type_t magic) {
+
+        switch (magic) {
+#include "filesystem-switch-case.h"
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int fs_type_from_string(const char *name, const statfs_f_type_t **ret) {
+        const struct FilesystemMagic *fs_magic;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fs_magic = filesystems_gperf_lookup(name, strlen(name));
+        if (!fs_magic)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = fs_magic->magic;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fs_in_group(const struct statfs *s, FilesystemGroups fs_group) {
+        const char *fs;
+        int r;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(fs, filesystem_sets[fs_group].value) {
+                const statfs_f_type_t *magic;
+
+                r = fs_type_from_string(fs, &magic);
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < FILESYSTEM_MAGIC_MAX; i++) {
+                                if (magic[i] == 0)
+                                        break;
+
+                                if (is_fs_type(s, magic[i]))
+                                        return true;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+const FilesystemSet filesystem_sets[_FILESYSTEM_SET_MAX] = {
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_BASIC_API] = {
+                .name = "@basic-api",
+                .help = "Basic filesystem API",
+                .value =
+                "cgroup\0"
+                "cgroup2\0"
+                "devpts\0"
+                "devtmpfs\0"
+                "mqueue\0"
+                "proc\0"
+                "sysfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_ANONYMOUS] = {
+                .name = "@anonymous",
+                .help = "Anonymous inodes",
+                .value =
+                "anon_inodefs\0"
+                "pipefs\0"
+                "sockfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_APPLICATION] = {
+                .name = "@application",
+                .help = "Application virtual filesystems",
+                .value =
+                "autofs\0"
+                "fuse\0"
+                "overlay\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_AUXILIARY_API] = {
+                .name = "@auxiliary-api",
+                .help = "Auxiliary filesystem API",
+                .value =
+                "binfmt_misc\0"
+                "configfs\0"
+                "efivarfs\0"
+                "fusectl\0"
+                "hugetlbfs\0"
+                "rpc_pipefs\0"
+                "securityfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_COMMON_BLOCK] = {
+                .name = "@common-block",
+                .help = "Common block device filesystems",
+                .value =
+                "btrfs\0"
+                "erofs\0"
+                "exfat\0"
+                "ext4\0"
+                "f2fs\0"
+                "iso9660\0"
+                "ntfs3\0"
+                "squashfs\0"
+                "udf\0"
+                "vfat\0"
+                "xfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_HISTORICAL_BLOCK] = {
+                .name = "@historical-block",
+                .help = "Historical block device filesystems",
+                .value =
+                "ext2\0"
+                "ext3\0"
+                "minix\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_NETWORK] = {
+                .name = "@network",
+                .help = "Well-known network filesystems",
+                .value =
+                "afs\0"
+                "ceph\0"
+                "cifs\0"
+                "gfs\0"
+                "gfs2\0"
+                "ncp\0"
+                "ncpfs\0"
+                "nfs\0"
+                "nfs4\0"
+                "ocfs2\0"
+                "orangefs\0"
+                "pvfs2\0"
+                "smb3\0"
+                "smbfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_PRIVILEGED_API] = {
+                .name = "@privileged-api",
+                .help = "Privileged filesystem API",
+                .value =
+                "bpf\0"
+                "debugfs\0"
+                "pstore\0"
+                "tracefs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_SECURITY] = {
+                .name = "@security",
+                .help = "Security/MAC API VFS",
+                .value =
+                "apparmorfs\0"
+                "selinuxfs\0"
+                "smackfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_TEMPORARY] = {
+                .name = "@temporary",
+                .help = "Temporary filesystems",
+                .value =
+                "ramfs\0"
+                "tmpfs\0"
+        },
+        [FILESYSTEM_SET_KNOWN] = {
+                .name = "@known",
+                .help = "All known filesystems declared in the kernel",
+                .value =
+#include "filesystem-list.h"
+        },
+};
+
+const FilesystemSet *filesystem_set_find(const char *name) {
+        if (isempty(name) || name[0] != '@')
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (FilesystemGroups i = 0; i < _FILESYSTEM_SET_MAX; i++)
+                if (streq(filesystem_sets[i].name, name))
+                        return filesystem_sets + i;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/filesystems.h b/src/basic/filesystems.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d07a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/filesystems.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+#define FILESYSTEM_MAGIC_MAX 10
+
+typedef enum FilesystemGroups {
+        /* Please leave BASIC_API first and KNOWN last, but sort the rest alphabetically */
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_BASIC_API,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_ANONYMOUS,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_APPLICATION,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_AUXILIARY_API,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_COMMON_BLOCK,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_HISTORICAL_BLOCK,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_NETWORK,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_PRIVILEGED_API,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_SECURITY,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_TEMPORARY,
+        FILESYSTEM_SET_KNOWN,
+        _FILESYSTEM_SET_MAX,
+        _FILESYSTEM_SET_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} FilesystemGroups;
+
+typedef struct FilesystemSet {
+        const char *name;
+        const char *help;
+        const char *value;
+} FilesystemSet;
+
+extern const FilesystemSet filesystem_sets[];
+
+const FilesystemSet *filesystem_set_find(const char *name);
+
+const char *fs_type_to_string(statfs_f_type_t magic);
+int fs_type_from_string(const char *name, const statfs_f_type_t **ret);
+int fs_in_group(const struct statfs *s, enum FilesystemGroups fs_group);
+
+/* gperf prototypes */
+const struct FilesystemMagic* filesystems_gperf_lookup(const char *key, GPERF_LEN_TYPE length);
diff --git a/src/basic/format-util.c b/src/basic/format-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9450185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/format-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+
+assert_cc(STRLEN("%") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) <= IF_NAMESIZE);
+int format_ifname_full(int ifindex, FormatIfnameFlag flag, char buf[static IF_NAMESIZE]) {
+        if (ifindex <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (if_indextoname(ifindex, buf))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flag, FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX))
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flag, FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX_WITH_PERCENT))
+                assert(snprintf_ok(buf, IF_NAMESIZE, "%%%d", ifindex));
+        else
+                assert(snprintf_ok(buf, IF_NAMESIZE, "%d", ifindex));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int format_ifname_full_alloc(int ifindex, FormatIfnameFlag flag, char **ret) {
+        char buf[IF_NAMESIZE], *copy;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = format_ifname_full(ifindex, flag, buf);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        copy = strdup(buf);
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = copy;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char *format_bytes_full(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t, FormatBytesFlag flag) {
+        typedef struct {
+                const char *suffix;
+                uint64_t factor;
+        } suffix_table;
+        static const suffix_table table_iec[] = {
+                { "E", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "P", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "T", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "G", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "M", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "K", UINT64_C(1024) },
+        }, table_si[] = {
+                { "E", UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000) },
+                { "P", UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000) },
+                { "T", UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000) },
+                { "G", UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000) },
+                { "M", UINT64_C(1000)*UINT64_C(1000) },
+                { "K", UINT64_C(1000) },
+        };
+        const suffix_table *table;
+        size_t n;
+
+        assert_cc(ELEMENTSOF(table_iec) == ELEMENTSOF(table_si));
+
+        if (t == UINT64_MAX)
+                return NULL;
+
+        table = flag & FORMAT_BYTES_USE_IEC ? table_iec : table_si;
+        n = ELEMENTSOF(table_iec);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (t >= table[i].factor) {
+                        if (flag & FORMAT_BYTES_BELOW_POINT) {
+                                (void) snprintf(buf, l,
+                                                "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64 "%s",
+                                                t / table[i].factor,
+                                                i != n - 1 ?
+                                                (t / table[i + 1].factor * UINT64_C(10) / table[n - 1].factor) % UINT64_C(10):
+                                                (t * UINT64_C(10) / table[i].factor) % UINT64_C(10),
+                                                table[i].suffix);
+                        } else
+                                (void) snprintf(buf, l,
+                                                "%" PRIu64 "%s",
+                                                t / table[i].factor,
+                                                table[i].suffix);
+
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+        (void) snprintf(buf, l, "%" PRIu64 "%s", t, flag & FORMAT_BYTES_TRAILING_B ? "B" : "");
+
+finish:
+        buf[l-1] = 0;
+        return buf;
+
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/format-util.h b/src/basic/format-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8719df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/format-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+assert_cc(sizeof(pid_t) == sizeof(int32_t));
+#define PID_PRI PRIi32
+#define PID_FMT "%" PID_PRI
+
+assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+#define UID_FMT "%" PRIu32
+
+assert_cc(sizeof(gid_t) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+#define GID_FMT "%" PRIu32
+
+#if SIZEOF_TIME_T == 8
+#  define PRI_TIME PRIi64
+#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == 4
+#  define PRI_TIME "li"
+#else
+#  error Unknown time_t size
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_TIMEX_MEMBER == 8
+#  define PRI_TIMEX PRIi64
+#elif SIZEOF_TIMEX_MEMBER == 4
+#  define PRI_TIMEX "li"
+#else
+#  error Unknown timex member size
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_RLIM_T == 8
+#  define RLIM_FMT "%" PRIu64
+#elif SIZEOF_RLIM_T == 4
+#  define RLIM_FMT "%" PRIu32
+#else
+#  error Unknown rlim_t size
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_DEV_T == 8
+#  define DEV_FMT "%" PRIu64
+#elif SIZEOF_DEV_T == 4
+#  define DEV_FMT "%" PRIu32
+#else
+#  error Unknown dev_t size
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_INO_T == 8
+#  define INO_FMT "%" PRIu64
+#elif SIZEOF_INO_T == 4
+#  define INO_FMT "%" PRIu32
+#else
+#  error Unknown ino_t size
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+        FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX              = 1 << 0,
+        FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX_WITH_PERCENT = (1 << 1) | FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX,
+} FormatIfnameFlag;
+
+int format_ifname_full(int ifindex, FormatIfnameFlag flag, char buf[static IF_NAMESIZE]);
+int format_ifname_full_alloc(int ifindex, FormatIfnameFlag flag, char **ret);
+
+static inline int format_ifname(int ifindex, char buf[static IF_NAMESIZE]) {
+        return format_ifname_full(ifindex, 0, buf);
+}
+static inline int format_ifname_alloc(int ifindex, char **ret) {
+        return format_ifname_full_alloc(ifindex, 0, ret);
+}
+
+static inline char *_format_ifname_full(int ifindex, FormatIfnameFlag flag, char buf[static IF_NAMESIZE]) {
+        (void) format_ifname_full(ifindex, flag, buf);
+        return buf;
+}
+
+#define FORMAT_IFNAME_FULL(index, flag) _format_ifname_full(index, flag, (char[IF_NAMESIZE]){})
+#define FORMAT_IFNAME(index) _format_ifname_full(index, 0, (char[IF_NAMESIZE]){})
+
+typedef enum {
+        FORMAT_BYTES_USE_IEC     = 1 << 0,
+        FORMAT_BYTES_BELOW_POINT = 1 << 1,
+        FORMAT_BYTES_TRAILING_B  = 1 << 2,
+} FormatBytesFlag;
+
+#define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 16U
+
+char *format_bytes_full(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t, FormatBytesFlag flag) _warn_unused_result_;
+
+_warn_unused_result_
+static inline char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t) {
+        return format_bytes_full(buf, l, t, FORMAT_BYTES_USE_IEC | FORMAT_BYTES_BELOW_POINT | FORMAT_BYTES_TRAILING_B);
+}
+
+/* Note: the lifetime of the compound literal is the immediately surrounding block,
+ * see C11 §6.5.2.5, and
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34880638/compound-literal-lifetime-and-if-blocks */
+#define FORMAT_BYTES(t) format_bytes((char[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX]){}, FORMAT_BYTES_MAX, t)
+#define FORMAT_BYTES_FULL(t, flag) format_bytes_full((char[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX]){}, FORMAT_BYTES_MAX, t, flag)
+
+#define FORMAT_BYTES_CGROUP_PROTECTION(t) (t == CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX ? "infinity" : FORMAT_BYTES(t))
diff --git a/src/basic/fs-util.c b/src/basic/fs-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b757bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fs-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1109 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_fcntl.h"
+#include "missing_fs.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "ratelimit.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+        return RET_NERRNO(unlink(path));
+}
+
+int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(stop);
+
+        if (!path_is_safe(path))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!path_is_safe(stop))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = strdupa_safe(path);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *slash = NULL;
+
+                /* skip the last component. */
+                r = path_find_last_component(p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false, (const char **) &slash, NULL);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (slash == p)
+                        return 0;
+
+                assert(*slash == '/');
+                *slash = '\0';
+
+                if (path_startswith_full(stop, p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false))
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (rmdir(p) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+}
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Try the ideal approach first */
+        if (renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs and FAT added support for it later. If it is not implemented,
+         * fall back to a different method. */
+        if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && errno != EINVAL)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Let's try to use linkat()+unlinkat() as fallback. This doesn't work on directories and on some file systems
+         * that do not support hard links (such as FAT, most prominently), but for files it's pretty close to what we
+         * want — though not atomic (i.e. for a short period both the new and the old filename will exist). */
+        if (linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0) >= 0) {
+
+                r = RET_NERRNO(unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0));
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !IN_SET(errno, EINVAL, EPERM)) /* FAT returns EPERM on link()… */
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* OK, neither RENAME_NOREPLACE nor linkat()+unlinkat() worked. Let's then fall back to the racy TOCTOU
+         * vulnerable accessat(F_OK) check followed by classic, replacing renameat(), we have nothing better. */
+
+        if (faccessat(newdirfd, newpath, F_OK, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) >= 0)
+                return -EEXIST;
+        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath));
+}
+
+int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
+        size_t l = PATH_MAX;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                c = new(char, l+1);
+                if (!c)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if ((size_t) n < l) {
+                        c[n] = 0;
+
+                        if (ret)
+                                *ret = TAKE_PTR(c);
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (l > (SSIZE_MAX-1)/2) /* readlinkat() returns an ssize_t, and we want an extra byte for a
+                                          * trailing NUL, hence do an overflow check relative to SSIZE_MAX-1
+                                          * here */
+                        return -EFBIG;
+
+                l *= 2;
+        }
+}
+
+int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
+        return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
+}
+
+int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL, *name = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = path_extract_filename(link, &name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == O_DIRECTORY)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(name);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+        char *k;
+        int j;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(r);
+
+        j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
+        if (j < 0)
+                return j;
+
+        k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
+        if (!k)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *r = k;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        fd = open(path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW); /* Let's acquire an O_PATH fd, as precaution to change
+                                                       * mode/owner on the same file */
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fchmod_and_chown(fd, mode, uid, gid);
+}
+
+int fchmod_and_chown_with_fallback(int fd, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+        bool do_chown, do_chmod;
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Change ownership and access mode of the specified fd. Tries to do so safely, ensuring that at no
+         * point in time the access mode is above the old access mode under the old ownership or the new
+         * access mode under the new ownership. Note: this call tries hard to leave the access mode
+         * unaffected if the uid/gid is changed, i.e. it undoes implicit suid/sgid dropping the kernel does
+         * on chown().
+         *
+         * This call is happy with O_PATH fds.
+         *
+         * If path is given, allow a fallback path which does not use /proc/self/fd/. On any normal system
+         * /proc will be mounted, but in certain improperly assembled environments it might not be. This is
+         * less secure (potential TOCTOU), so should only be used after consideration. */
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        do_chown =
+                (uid != UID_INVALID && st.st_uid != uid) ||
+                (gid != GID_INVALID && st.st_gid != gid);
+
+        do_chmod =
+                !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && /* chmod is not defined on symlinks */
+                ((mode != MODE_INVALID && ((st.st_mode ^ mode) & 07777) != 0) ||
+                 do_chown); /* If we change ownership, make sure we reset the mode afterwards, since chown()
+                             * modifies the access mode too */
+
+        if (mode == MODE_INVALID)
+                mode = st.st_mode; /* If we only shall do a chown(), save original mode, since chown() might break it. */
+        else if ((mode & S_IFMT) != 0 && ((mode ^ st.st_mode) & S_IFMT) != 0)
+                return -EINVAL; /* insist on the right file type if it was specified */
+
+        if (do_chown && do_chmod) {
+                mode_t minimal = st.st_mode & mode; /* the subset of the old and the new mask */
+
+                if (((minimal ^ st.st_mode) & 07777) != 0) {
+                        r = fchmod_opath(fd, minimal & 07777);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (!path || r != -ENOSYS)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                /* Fallback path which doesn't use /proc/self/fd/. */
+                                if (chmod(path, minimal & 07777) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (do_chown)
+                if (fchownat(fd, "", uid, gid, AT_EMPTY_PATH) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (do_chmod) {
+                r = fchmod_opath(fd, mode & 07777);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (!path || r != -ENOSYS)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Fallback path which doesn't use /proc/self/fd/. */
+                        if (chmod(path, mode & 07777) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return do_chown || do_chmod;
+}
+
+int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
+        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u = umask(0777);
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fchmod(fd, m & (~u)));
+}
+
+int fchmod_opath(int fd, mode_t m) {
+        /* This function operates also on fd that might have been opened with
+         * O_PATH. Indeed fchmodat() doesn't have the AT_EMPTY_PATH flag like
+         * fchownat() does. */
+
+        if (chmod(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), m) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (proc_mounted() == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS; /* if we have no /proc/, the concept is not implementable */
+
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int futimens_opath(int fd, const struct timespec ts[2]) {
+        /* Similar to fchmod_path() but for futimens() */
+
+        if (utimensat(AT_FDCWD, FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), ts, 0) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (proc_mounted() == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS; /* if we have no /proc/, the concept is not implementable */
+
+                return -ENOENT;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int stat_warn_permissions(const char *path, const struct stat *st) {
+        assert(path);
+        assert(st);
+
+        /* Don't complain if we are reading something that is not a file, for example /dev/null */
+        if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (st->st_mode & 0111)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        if (st->st_mode & 0002)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1 && (st->st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return stat_warn_permissions(path, &st);
+}
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r, ret;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Note that touch_file() does not follow symlinks: if invoked on an existing symlink, then it is the symlink
+         * itself which is updated, not its target
+         *
+         * Returns the first error we encounter, but tries to apply as much as possible. */
+
+        if (parents)
+                (void) mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+
+        /* Initially, we try to open the node with O_PATH, so that we get a reference to the node. This is useful in
+         * case the path refers to an existing device or socket node, as we can open it successfully in all cases, and
+         * won't trigger any driver magic or so. */
+        fd = open(path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* if the node doesn't exist yet, we create it, but with O_EXCL, so that we only create a regular file
+                 * here, and nothing else */
+                fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC, IN_SET(mode, 0, MODE_INVALID) ? 0644 : mode);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* Let's make a path from the fd, and operate on that. With this logic, we can adjust the access mode,
+         * ownership and time of the file node in all cases, even if the fd refers to an O_PATH object — which is
+         * something fchown(), fchmod(), futimensat() don't allow. */
+        ret = fchmod_and_chown(fd, mode, uid, gid);
+
+        if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                struct timespec ts[2];
+
+                timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
+                ts[1] = ts[0];
+                r = futimens_opath(fd, ts);
+        } else
+                r = futimens_opath(fd, NULL);
+        if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to, bool make_relative) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *relpath = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+
+        if (make_relative) {
+                r = path_make_relative_parent(to, from, &relpath);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                from = relpath;
+        }
+
+        if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = readlink_malloc(to, &p);
+                if (r == -EINVAL) /* Not a symlink? In that case return the original error we encountered: -EEXIST */
+                        return -EEXIST;
+                if (r < 0) /* Any other error? In that case propagate it as is */
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!streq(p, from)) /* Not the symlink we want it to be? In that case, propagate the original -EEXIST */
+                        return -EEXIST;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int symlinkat_atomic_full(const char *from, int atfd, const char *to, bool make_relative) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *relpath = NULL, *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+
+        if (make_relative) {
+                r = path_make_relative_parent(to, from, &relpath);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                from = relpath;
+        }
+
+        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (symlinkat(from, atfd, t) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(renameat(atfd, t, atfd, to));
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlinkat(atfd, t, 0);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mknodat_atomic(int atfd, const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mknodat(atfd, t, mode, dev) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(renameat(atfd, t, atfd, path));
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlinkat(atfd, t, 0);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mkfifoat_atomic(int atfd, const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* We're only interested in the (random) filename.  */
+        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mkfifoat(atfd, t, mode) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(renameat(atfd, t, atfd, path));
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlinkat(atfd, t, 0);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
+         * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
+         * number. */
+
+        d = opendir(path);
+        if (!d)
+                return -errno;
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, return -errno) {
+                if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (list) {
+                        /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, n + 2))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!l[n])
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        l[++n] = NULL;
+                } else
+                        n++;
+        }
+
+        if (list)
+                *list = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+static int getenv_tmp_dir(const char **ret_path) {
+        int r, ret = 0;
+
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        /* We use the same order of environment variables python uses in tempfile.gettempdir():
+         * https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.gettempdir */
+        FOREACH_STRING(n, "TMPDIR", "TEMP", "TMP") {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = secure_getenv(n);
+                if (!e)
+                        continue;
+                if (!path_is_absolute(e)) {
+                        r = -ENOTDIR;
+                        goto next;
+                }
+                if (!path_is_normalized(e)) {
+                        r = -EPERM;
+                        goto next;
+                }
+
+                r = is_dir(e, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto next;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        r = -ENOTDIR;
+                        goto next;
+                }
+
+                *ret_path = e;
+                return 1;
+
+        next:
+                /* Remember first error, to make this more debuggable */
+                if (ret >= 0)
+                        ret = r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
+
+        *ret_path = NULL;
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int tmp_dir_internal(const char *def, const char **ret) {
+        const char *e;
+        int r, k;
+
+        assert(def);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = getenv_tmp_dir(&e);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                *ret = e;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        k = is_dir(def, true);
+        if (k == 0)
+                k = -ENOTDIR;
+        if (k < 0)
+                return r < 0 ? r : k;
+
+        *ret = def;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int var_tmp_dir(const char **ret) {
+
+        /* Returns the location for "larger" temporary files, that is backed by physical storage if available, and thus
+         * even might survive a boot: /var/tmp. If $TMPDIR (or related environment variables) are set, its value is
+         * returned preferably however. Note that both this function and tmp_dir() below are affected by $TMPDIR,
+         * making it a variable that overrides all temporary file storage locations. */
+
+        return tmp_dir_internal("/var/tmp", ret);
+}
+
+int tmp_dir(const char **ret) {
+
+        /* Similar to var_tmp_dir() above, but returns the location for "smaller" temporary files, which is usually
+         * backed by an in-memory file system: /tmp. */
+
+        return tmp_dir_internal("/tmp", ret);
+}
+
+int unlink_or_warn(const char *filename) {
+        if (unlink(filename) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                /* If the file doesn't exist and the fs simply was read-only (in which
+                 * case unlink() returns EROFS even if the file doesn't exist), don't
+                 * complain */
+                if (errno != EROFS || access(filename, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remove \"%s\": %m", filename);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int access_fd(int fd, int mode) {
+        /* Like access() but operates on an already open fd */
+
+        if (access(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), mode) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* ENOENT can mean two things: that the fd does not exist or that /proc is not mounted. Let's
+                 * make things debuggable and distinguish the two. */
+
+                if (proc_mounted() == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS;  /* /proc is not available or not set up properly, we're most likely in some chroot
+                                          * environment. */
+
+                return -EBADF; /* The directory exists, hence it's the fd that doesn't. */
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void unlink_tempfilep(char (*p)[]) {
+        /* If the file is created with mkstemp(), it will (almost always)
+         * change the suffix. Treat this as a sign that the file was
+         * successfully created. We ignore both the rare case where the
+         * original suffix is used and unlink failures. */
+        if (!endswith(*p, ".XXXXXX"))
+                (void) unlink_noerrno(*p);
+}
+
+int unlinkat_deallocate(int fd, const char *name, UnlinkDeallocateFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int truncate_fd = -1;
+        struct stat st;
+        off_t l, bs;
+
+        assert((flags & ~(UNLINK_REMOVEDIR|UNLINK_ERASE)) == 0);
+
+        /* Operates like unlinkat() but also deallocates the file contents if it is a regular file and there's no other
+         * link to it. This is useful to ensure that other processes that might have the file open for reading won't be
+         * able to keep the data pinned on disk forever. This call is particular useful whenever we execute clean-up
+         * jobs ("vacuuming"), where we want to make sure the data is really gone and the disk space released and
+         * returned to the free pool.
+         *
+         * Deallocation is preferably done by FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE|FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE (👊) if supported, which means
+         * the file won't change size. That's a good thing since we shouldn't needlessly trigger SIGBUS in other
+         * programs that have mmap()ed the file. (The assumption here is that changing file contents to all zeroes
+         * underneath those programs is the better choice than simply triggering SIGBUS in them which truncation does.)
+         * However if hole punching is not implemented in the kernel or file system we'll fall back to normal file
+         * truncation (🔪), as our goal of deallocating the data space trumps our goal of being nice to readers (💐).
+         *
+         * Note that we attempt deallocation, but failure to succeed with that is not considered fatal, as long as the
+         * primary job – to delete the file – is accomplished. */
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, UNLINK_REMOVEDIR)) {
+                truncate_fd = openat(fd, name, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK);
+                if (truncate_fd < 0) {
+
+                        /* If this failed because the file doesn't exist propagate the error right-away. Also,
+                         * AT_REMOVEDIR wasn't set, and we tried to open the file for writing, which means EISDIR is
+                         * returned when this is a directory but we are not supposed to delete those, hence propagate
+                         * the error right-away too. */
+                        if (IN_SET(errno, ENOENT, EISDIR))
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (errno != ELOOP) /* don't complain if this is a symlink */
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open file '%s' for deallocation, ignoring: %m", name);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (unlinkat(fd, name, FLAGS_SET(flags, UNLINK_REMOVEDIR) ? AT_REMOVEDIR : 0) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (truncate_fd < 0) /* Don't have a file handle, can't do more ☹️ */
+                return 0;
+
+        if (fstat(truncate_fd, &st) < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat file '%s' for deallocation, ignoring: %m", name);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, UNLINK_ERASE) && st.st_size > 0 && st.st_nlink == 0) {
+                uint64_t left = st.st_size;
+                char buffer[64 * 1024];
+
+                /* If erasing is requested, let's overwrite the file with random data once before deleting
+                 * it. This isn't going to give you shred(1) semantics, but hopefully should be good enough
+                 * for stuff backed by tmpfs at least.
+                 *
+                 * Note that we only erase like this if the link count of the file is zero. If it is higher it
+                 * is still linked by someone else and we'll leave it to them to remove it securely
+                 * eventually! */
+
+                random_bytes(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+
+                while (left > 0) {
+                        ssize_t n;
+
+                        n = write(truncate_fd, buffer, MIN(sizeof(buffer), left));
+                        if (n < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to erase data in file '%s', ignoring.", name);
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        assert(left >= (size_t) n);
+                        left -= n;
+                }
+
+                /* Let's refresh metadata */
+                if (fstat(truncate_fd, &st) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat file '%s' for deallocation, ignoring: %m", name);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Don't dallocate if there's nothing to deallocate or if the file is linked elsewhere */
+        if (st.st_blocks == 0 || st.st_nlink > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* If this is a regular file, it actually took up space on disk and there are no other links it's time to
+         * punch-hole/truncate this to release the disk space. */
+
+        bs = MAX(st.st_blksize, 512);
+        l = DIV_ROUND_UP(st.st_size, bs) * bs; /* Round up to next block size */
+
+        if (fallocate(truncate_fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE|FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, l) >= 0)
+                return 0; /* Successfully punched a hole! 😊 */
+
+        /* Fall back to truncation */
+        if (ftruncate(truncate_fd, 0) < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to truncate file to 0, ignoring: %m");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int open_parent(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Let's insist on O_DIRECTORY since the parent of a file or directory is a directory. Except if we open an
+         * O_TMPFILE file, because in that case we are actually create a regular file below the parent directory. */
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, O_PATH))
+                flags |= O_DIRECTORY;
+        else if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, O_TMPFILE))
+                flags |= O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(open(parent, flags, mode));
+}
+
+int conservative_renameat(
+                int olddirfd, const char *oldpath,
+                int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int old_fd = -1, new_fd = -1;
+        struct stat old_stat, new_stat;
+
+        /* Renames the old path to thew new path, much like renameat() — except if both are regular files and
+         * have the exact same contents and basic file attributes already. In that case remove the new file
+         * instead. This call is useful for reducing inotify wakeups on files that are updated but don't
+         * actually change. This function is written in a style that we rather rename too often than suppress
+         * too much. i.e. whenever we are in doubt we rather rename than fail. After all reducing inotify
+         * events is an optimization only, not more. */
+
+        old_fd = openat(olddirfd, oldpath, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (old_fd < 0)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        new_fd = openat(newdirfd, newpath, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (new_fd < 0)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        if (fstat(old_fd, &old_stat) < 0)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        if (!S_ISREG(old_stat.st_mode))
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        if (fstat(new_fd, &new_stat) < 0)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        if (stat_inode_same(&new_stat, &old_stat))
+                goto is_same;
+
+        if (old_stat.st_mode != new_stat.st_mode ||
+            old_stat.st_size != new_stat.st_size ||
+            old_stat.st_uid != new_stat.st_uid ||
+            old_stat.st_gid != new_stat.st_gid)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                uint8_t buf1[16*1024];
+                uint8_t buf2[sizeof(buf1)];
+                ssize_t l1, l2;
+
+                l1 = read(old_fd, buf1, sizeof(buf1));
+                if (l1 < 0)
+                        goto do_rename;
+
+                if (l1 == sizeof(buf1))
+                        /* Read the full block, hence read a full block in the other file too */
+
+                        l2 = read(new_fd, buf2, l1);
+                else {
+                        assert((size_t) l1 < sizeof(buf1));
+
+                        /* Short read. This hence was the last block in the first file, and then came
+                         * EOF. Read one byte more in the second file, so that we can verify we hit EOF there
+                         * too. */
+
+                        assert((size_t) (l1 + 1) <= sizeof(buf2));
+                        l2 = read(new_fd, buf2, l1 + 1);
+                }
+                if (l2 != l1)
+                        goto do_rename;
+
+                if (memcmp(buf1, buf2, l1) != 0)
+                        goto do_rename;
+
+                if ((size_t) l1 < sizeof(buf1)) /* We hit EOF on the first file, and the second file too, hence exit
+                                                 * now. */
+                        break;
+        }
+
+is_same:
+        /* Everything matches? Then don't rename, instead remove the source file, and leave the existing
+         * destination in place */
+
+        if (unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0) < 0)
+                goto do_rename;
+
+        return 0;
+
+do_rename:
+        if (renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int posix_fallocate_loop(int fd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) {
+        RateLimit rl;
+        int r;
+
+        r = posix_fallocate(fd, offset, size); /* returns positive errnos on error */
+        if (r != EINTR)
+                return -r; /* Let's return negative errnos, like common in our codebase */
+
+        /* On EINTR try a couple of times more, but protect against busy looping
+         * (not more than 16 times per 10s) */
+        rl = (RateLimit) { 10 * USEC_PER_SEC, 16 };
+        while (ratelimit_below(&rl)) {
+                r = posix_fallocate(fd, offset, size);
+                if (r != EINTR)
+                        return -r;
+        }
+
+        return -EINTR;
+}
+
+int parse_cifs_service(
+                const char *s,
+                char **ret_host,
+                char **ret_service,
+                char **ret_path) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *h = NULL, *ss = NULL, *x = NULL;
+        const char *p, *e, *d;
+        char delimiter;
+
+        /* Parses a CIFS service in form of //host/service/path… and splitting it in three parts. The last
+         * part is optional, in which case NULL is returned there. To maximize compatibility syntax with
+         * backslashes instead of slashes is accepted too. */
+
+        if (!s)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = startswith(s, "//");
+        if (!p) {
+                p = startswith(s, "\\\\");
+                if (!p)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        delimiter = s[0];
+        e = strchr(p, delimiter);
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        h = strndup(p, e - p);
+        if (!h)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!hostname_is_valid(h, 0))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        e++;
+
+        d = strchrnul(e, delimiter);
+
+        ss = strndup(e, d - e);
+        if (!ss)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!filename_is_valid(ss))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!isempty(d)) {
+                x = strdup(skip_leading_chars(d, CHAR_TO_STR(delimiter)));
+                if (!x)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Make sure to convert Windows-style "\" → Unix-style / */
+                for (char *i = x; *i; i++)
+                        if (*i == delimiter)
+                                *i = '/';
+
+                if (!path_is_valid(x))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                path_simplify(x);
+                if (!path_is_normalized(x))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_host)
+                *ret_host = TAKE_PTR(h);
+        if (ret_service)
+                *ret_service = TAKE_PTR(ss);
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(x);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int open_mkdir_at(int dirfd, const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, parent_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fname = NULL;
+        bool made;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Creates a directory with mkdirat() and then opens it, in the "most atomic" fashion we can
+         * do. Guarantees that the returned fd refers to a directory. If O_EXCL is specified will fail if the
+         * dir already exists. Otherwise will open an existing dir, but only if it is one.  */
+
+        if (flags & ~(O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY|O_EXCL|O_NOATIME|O_NOFOLLOW|O_PATH))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Note that O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW is implied, but we allow specifying it anyway. The following
+         * flags actually make sense to specify: O_CLOEXEC, O_EXCL, O_NOATIME, O_PATH */
+
+        if (isempty(path))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!filename_is_valid(path)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
+
+                /* If this is not a valid filename, it's a path. Let's open the parent directory then, so
+                 * that we can pin it, and operate below it. */
+
+                r = path_extract_directory(path, &parent);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(path, &fname);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                parent_fd = openat(dirfd, parent, O_PATH|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (parent_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                dirfd = parent_fd;
+                path = fname;
+        }
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(mkdirat(dirfd, path, mode));
+        if (r == -EEXIST) {
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, O_EXCL))
+                        return -EEXIST;
+
+                made = false;
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        else
+                made = true;
+
+        fd = RET_NERRNO(openat(dirfd, path, (flags & ~O_EXCL)|O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                if (fd == -ENOENT)  /* We got ENOENT? then someone else immediately removed it after we
+                                     * created it. In that case let's return immediately without unlinking
+                                     * anything, because there simply isn't anything to unlink anymore. */
+                        return -ENOENT;
+                if (fd == -ELOOP)   /* is a symlink? exists already → created by someone else, don't unlink */
+                        return -EEXIST;
+                if (fd == -ENOTDIR) /* not a directory? exists already → created by someone else, don't unlink */
+                        return -EEXIST;
+
+                if (made)
+                        (void) unlinkat(dirfd, path, AT_REMOVEDIR);
+
+                return fd;
+        }
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
+
+int openat_report_new(int dirfd, const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode, bool *ret_newly_created) {
+        unsigned attempts = 7;
+        int fd;
+
+        /* Just like openat(), but adds one thing: optionally returns whether we created the file anew or if
+         * it already existed before. This is only relevant if O_CREAT is set without O_EXCL, and thus will
+         * shortcut to openat() otherwise */
+
+        if (!ret_newly_created)
+                return RET_NERRNO(openat(dirfd, pathname, flags, mode));
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, O_CREAT) || FLAGS_SET(flags, O_EXCL)) {
+                fd = openat(dirfd, pathname, flags, mode);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                *ret_newly_created = FLAGS_SET(flags, O_CREAT);
+                return fd;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                /* First, attempt to open without O_CREAT/O_EXCL, i.e. open existing file */
+                fd = openat(dirfd, pathname, flags & ~(O_CREAT | O_EXCL), mode);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                        *ret_newly_created = false;
+                        return fd;
+                }
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* So the file didn't exist yet, hence create it with O_CREAT/O_EXCL. */
+                fd = openat(dirfd, pathname, flags | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                        *ret_newly_created = true;
+                        return fd;
+                }
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* Hmm, so now we got EEXIST? So it apparently exists now? If so, let's try to open again
+                 * without the two flags. But let's not spin forever, hence put a limit on things */
+
+                if (--attempts == 0) /* Give up eventually, somebody is playing with us */
+                        return -EEXIST;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fs-util.h b/src/basic/fs-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4dffc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fs-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+#define MODE_INVALID ((mode_t) -1)
+
+/* The following macros add 1 when converting things, since 0 is a valid mode, while the pointer
+ * NULL is special */
+#define PTR_TO_MODE(p) ((mode_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)-1))
+#define MODE_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)+1))
+
+int unlink_noerrno(const char *path);
+
+int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop);
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);
+
+int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret);
+int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r);
+int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret);
+int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r);
+
+int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int fchmod_and_chown_with_fallback(int fd, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+static inline int fchmod_and_chown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+        return fchmod_and_chown_with_fallback(fd, NULL, mode, uid, gid); /* no fallback */
+}
+
+int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);
+int fchmod_opath(int fd, mode_t m);
+
+int futimens_opath(int fd, const struct timespec ts[2]);
+
+int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd);
+int stat_warn_permissions(const char *path, const struct stat *st);
+
+#define laccess(path, mode)                                             \
+        RET_NERRNO(faccessat(AT_FDCWD, (path), (mode), AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW))
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode);
+
+static inline int touch(const char *path) {
+        return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, MODE_INVALID);
+}
+
+int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to, bool make_relative);
+
+int symlinkat_atomic_full(const char *from, int atfd, const char *to, bool make_relative);
+static inline int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
+        return symlinkat_atomic_full(from, AT_FDCWD, to, false);
+}
+
+int mknodat_atomic(int atfd, const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
+static inline int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
+        return mknodat_atomic(AT_FDCWD, path, mode, dev);
+}
+
+int mkfifoat_atomic(int dir_fd, const char *path, mode_t mode);
+static inline int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+        return mkfifoat_atomic(AT_FDCWD, path, mode);
+}
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list);
+
+int tmp_dir(const char **ret);
+int var_tmp_dir(const char **ret);
+
+int unlink_or_warn(const char *filename);
+
+/* Useful for usage with _cleanup_(), removes a directory and frees the pointer */
+static inline char *rmdir_and_free(char *p) {
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        (void) rmdir(p);
+        return mfree(p);
+}
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(char*, rmdir_and_free);
+
+static inline char* unlink_and_free(char *p) {
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        (void) unlink_noerrno(p);
+        return mfree(p);
+}
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(char*, unlink_and_free);
+
+int access_fd(int fd, int mode);
+
+void unlink_tempfilep(char (*p)[]);
+
+typedef enum UnlinkDeallocateFlags {
+        UNLINK_REMOVEDIR = 1 << 0,
+        UNLINK_ERASE     = 1 << 1,
+} UnlinkDeallocateFlags;
+
+int unlinkat_deallocate(int fd, const char *name, UnlinkDeallocateFlags flags);
+
+int open_parent(const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode);
+
+int conservative_renameat(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);
+static inline int conservative_rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath) {
+        return conservative_renameat(AT_FDCWD, oldpath, AT_FDCWD, newpath);
+}
+
+int posix_fallocate_loop(int fd, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size);
+
+int parse_cifs_service(const char *s, char **ret_host, char **ret_service, char **ret_path);
+
+int open_mkdir_at(int dirfd, const char *path, int flags, mode_t mode);
+
+int openat_report_new(int dirfd, const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode, bool *ret_newly_created);
diff --git a/src/basic/gcrypt-util.c b/src/basic/gcrypt-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41c9362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/gcrypt-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+
+#include "gcrypt-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+
+void initialize_libgcrypt(bool secmem) {
+        if (gcry_control(GCRYCTL_INITIALIZATION_FINISHED_P))
+                return;
+
+        gcry_control(GCRYCTL_SET_PREFERRED_RNG_TYPE, GCRY_RNG_TYPE_SYSTEM);
+        assert_se(gcry_check_version("1.4.5"));
+
+        /* Turn off "secmem". Clients which wish to make use of this
+         * feature should initialize the library manually */
+        if (!secmem)
+                gcry_control(GCRYCTL_DISABLE_SECMEM);
+
+        gcry_control(GCRYCTL_INITIALIZATION_FINISHED, 0);
+}
+
+#  if !PREFER_OPENSSL
+int string_hashsum(const char *s, size_t len, int md_algorithm, char **out) {
+        _cleanup_(gcry_md_closep) gcry_md_hd_t md = NULL;
+        gcry_error_t err;
+        size_t hash_size;
+        void *hash;
+        char *enc;
+
+        initialize_libgcrypt(false);
+
+        hash_size = gcry_md_get_algo_dlen(md_algorithm);
+        assert(hash_size > 0);
+
+        err = gcry_md_open(&md, md_algorithm, 0);
+        if (gcry_err_code(err) != GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR || !md)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        gcry_md_write(md, s, len);
+
+        hash = gcry_md_read(md, 0);
+        if (!hash)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        enc = hexmem(hash, hash_size);
+        if (!enc)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *out = enc;
+        return 0;
+}
+#  endif
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/gcrypt-util.h b/src/basic/gcrypt-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c40cef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/gcrypt-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#if HAVE_GCRYPT
+#include <gcrypt.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+void initialize_libgcrypt(bool secmem);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(gcry_md_hd_t, gcry_md_close, NULL);
+#endif
+
+#if !PREFER_OPENSSL
+#  if HAVE_GCRYPT
+int string_hashsum(const char *s, size_t len, int md_algorithm, char **out);
+#  endif
+
+static inline int string_hashsum_sha224(const char *s, size_t len, char **out) {
+#  if HAVE_GCRYPT
+        return string_hashsum(s, len, GCRY_MD_SHA224, out);
+#  else
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+#  endif
+}
+
+static inline int string_hashsum_sha256(const char *s, size_t len, char **out) {
+#  if HAVE_GCRYPT
+        return string_hashsum(s, len, GCRY_MD_SHA256, out);
+#  else
+        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+#  endif
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-af-list.sh b/src/basic/generate-af-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b081485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-af-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+${1:?} -E -dM -include sys/socket.h -include "${2:?}" -include "${3:?}" - </dev/null | \
+       grep -Ev 'AF_UNSPEC|AF_MAX' | \
+       awk '/^#define[ \t]+AF_[^ \t]+[ \t]+[AP]F_[^ \t]/ { print $2; }'
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-arphrd-list.sh b/src/basic/generate-arphrd-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ca1ba7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-arphrd-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+${1:?} -dM -include linux/if_arp.h -include "${2:?}" - </dev/null | \
+       awk '/^#define[ \t]+ARPHRD_[^ \t]+[ \t]+[^ \t]/ { print $2; }' | \
+       sed -e 's/ARPHRD_//'
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-cap-list.sh b/src/basic/generate-cap-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..53abdd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-cap-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+${1:?} -dM -include linux/capability.h -include "${2:?}" -include "${3:?}" - </dev/null | \
+       awk '/^#define[ \t]+CAP_[A-Z_]+[ \t]+/ { print $2; }' | \
+       grep -v CAP_LAST_CAP
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-errno-list.sh b/src/basic/generate-errno-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f756b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-errno-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+# In kernel's arch/parisc/include/uapi/asm/errno.h, ECANCELLED and EREFUSED are defined as aliases of
+# ECANCELED and ECONNREFUSED, respectively. Let's drop them.
+
+${1:?} -dM -include errno.h - </dev/null | \
+       grep -Ev '^#define[[:space:]]+(ECANCELLED|EREFUSED)' | \
+       awk '/^#define[ \t]+E[^ _]+[ \t]+/ { print $2; }'
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-filesystem-list.py b/src/basic/generate-filesystem-list.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..52b74f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-filesystem-list.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+import sys
+
+keywords_section = False
+
+for line in open(sys.argv[1]):
+    if line[0] == '#':
+        continue
+
+    if keywords_section:
+        print('"{}\\0"'.format(line.split(',')[0].strip()))
+    elif line.startswith('%%'):
+        keywords_section = True
diff --git a/src/basic/generate-filesystem-switch-case.py b/src/basic/generate-filesystem-switch-case.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..bbd0922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/generate-filesystem-switch-case.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+import sys
+
+
+def filter_fsname(name):
+    # File system magics are sometimes not unique, because file systems got new
+    # revisions or got renamed. Let's prefer newer over older here, and thus
+    # ignore the old names.
+
+    return name in {
+        "cpuset",    # magic taken over by cgroupfs
+        "devtmpfs",  # not a file system of its own, but just a "named superblock" of tmpfs
+        "ext2",      # ext4 is the newest revision of ext2 + ext3
+        "ext3",
+        "fuseblk",   # closely related to fuse; they share a single magic, but the latter is more common
+        "gfs",       # magic taken over by gfs2
+        "msdos",     # vfat is the newest revision of msdos
+        "ncp",       # ncpfs (not ncp) was the last name of the netware `file_system_type`
+                     # name before it was removed in 2018
+        "nfs",       # nfs4 is the newest revision of nfs
+        "pvfs2",     # orangefs is the new name of pvfs2
+        "smb3",      # smb3 is an alias for cifs
+    }
+
+
+gperf_file = sys.argv[1]
+keywords_section = False
+
+for line in open(gperf_file):
+    if line[0] == "#":
+        continue
+
+    if keywords_section:
+        name, ids = line.split(",", 1)
+
+        name = name.strip()
+        if filter_fsname(name):
+            continue
+
+        ids = ids.strip()
+        assert ids[0] == "{"
+        assert ids[-1] == "}"
+        ids = ids[1:-1]
+
+        for id in ids.split(","):
+            print(f"case (statfs_f_type_t) {id.strip()}:")
+
+        print(f'        return "{name}";')
+
+    if line.startswith("%%"):
+        keywords_section = True
diff --git a/src/basic/glob-util.c b/src/basic/glob-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd60a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glob-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+static void closedir_wrapper(void* v) {
+        (void) closedir(v);
+}
+
+int safe_glob(const char *path, int flags, glob_t *pglob) {
+        int k;
+
+        /* We want to set GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC ourselves, don't allow it to be set. */
+        assert(!(flags & GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC));
+
+        if (!pglob->gl_closedir)
+                pglob->gl_closedir = closedir_wrapper;
+        if (!pglob->gl_readdir)
+                pglob->gl_readdir = (struct dirent *(*)(void *)) readdir_no_dot;
+        if (!pglob->gl_opendir)
+                pglob->gl_opendir = (void *(*)(const char *)) opendir;
+        if (!pglob->gl_lstat)
+                pglob->gl_lstat = lstat;
+        if (!pglob->gl_stat)
+                pglob->gl_stat = stat;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        k = glob(path, flags | GLOB_ALTDIRFUNC, NULL, pglob);
+        if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+                return -ENOENT;
+        if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (k != 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+        if (strv_isempty(pglob->gl_pathv))
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int glob_first(const char *path, char **ret_first) {
+        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+        int k;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        k = safe_glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, &g);
+        if (k == -ENOENT) {
+                if (ret_first)
+                        *ret_first = NULL;
+                return false;
+        }
+        if (k < 0)
+                return k;
+
+        if (ret_first) {
+                char *first = strdup(g.gl_pathv[0]);
+                if (!first)
+                        return log_oom_debug();
+                *ret_first = first;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+        int k;
+
+        k = safe_glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE|flags, &g);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return k;
+
+        return strv_extend_strv(strv, g.gl_pathv, false);
+}
+
+int glob_non_glob_prefix(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        /* Return the path of the path that has no glob characters. */
+
+        size_t n = strcspn(path, GLOB_CHARS);
+
+        if (path[n] != '\0')
+                while (n > 0 && path[n-1] != '/')
+                        n--;
+
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        char *ans = strndup(path, n);
+        if (!ans)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *ret = ans;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/glob-util.h b/src/basic/glob-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca26cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glob-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <glob.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+/* Note: this function modifies pglob to set various functions. */
+int safe_glob(const char *path, int flags, glob_t *pglob);
+
+/* Note: which match is returned depends on the implementation/system and not guaranteed to be stable */
+int glob_first(const char *path, char **ret_first);
+#define glob_exists(path) glob_first(path, NULL)
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path, int flags);
+
+int glob_non_glob_prefix(const char *path, char **ret);
+
+#define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
+
+_pure_ static inline bool string_is_glob(const char *p) {
+        /* Check if a string contains any glob patterns. */
+        return !!strpbrk(p, GLOB_CHARS);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/glyph-util.c b/src/basic/glyph-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e26edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glyph-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+bool emoji_enabled(void) {
+        static int cached_emoji_enabled = -1;
+
+        if (cached_emoji_enabled < 0) {
+                int val = getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_EMOJI");
+                if (val >= 0)
+                        return (cached_emoji_enabled = val);
+
+                const char *term = getenv("TERM");
+                if (!term || STR_IN_SET(term, "dumb", "linux"))
+                        return (cached_emoji_enabled = false);
+
+                cached_emoji_enabled = is_locale_utf8();
+        }
+
+        return cached_emoji_enabled;
+}
+
+const char *special_glyph(SpecialGlyph code) {
+
+        /* A list of a number of interesting unicode glyphs we can use to decorate our output. It's probably wise to be
+         * conservative here, and primarily stick to the glyphs defined in the eurlatgr font, so that display still
+         * works reasonably well on the Linux console. For details see:
+         *
+         * http://git.altlinux.org/people/legion/packages/kbd.git?p=kbd.git;a=blob;f=data/consolefonts/README.eurlatgr
+         */
+
+        static const char* const draw_table[2][_SPECIAL_GLYPH_MAX] = {
+                /* ASCII fallback */
+                [false] = {
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_VERTICAL]           = "| ",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH]             = "|-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT]              = "`-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_SPACE]              = "  ",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_TOP]                = ",-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_VERTICAL_DOTTED]         = ":",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]       = ">",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE]            = "*",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_WHITE_CIRCLE]            = "*",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_MULTIPLICATION_SIGN]     = "x",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CIRCLE_ARROW]            = "*",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_BULLET]                  = "*",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_MU]                      = "u",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK]              = "+",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK]              = "-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_LIGHT_SHADE]             = "-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DARK_SHADE]              = "X",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SIGMA]                   = "S",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_LEFT]              = "<-",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT]             = "->",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_UP]                = "^",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_DOWN]              = "v",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ELLIPSIS]                = "...",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_EXTERNAL_LINK]           = "[LNK]",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ECSTATIC_SMILEY]         = ":-]",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_HAPPY_SMILEY]            = ":-}",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_HAPPY_SMILEY]   = ":-)",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_NEUTRAL_SMILEY]          = ":-|",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_UNHAPPY_SMILEY] = ":-(",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_UNHAPPY_SMILEY]          = ":-{",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DEPRESSED_SMILEY]        = ":-[",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_LOCK_AND_KEY]            = "o-,",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TOUCH]                   = "O=",    /* Yeah, not very convincing, can you do it better? */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_RECYCLING]               = "~",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DOWNLOAD]                = "\\",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SPARKLES]                = "*",
+                },
+
+                /* UTF-8 */
+                [true] = {
+                        /* The following are multiple glyphs in both ASCII and in UNICODE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_VERTICAL]           = u8"│ ",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH]             = u8"├─",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT]              = u8"└─",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_SPACE]              = u8"  ",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_TOP]                = u8"┌─",
+
+                        /* Single glyphs in both cases */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_VERTICAL_DOTTED]         = u8"┆",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]       = u8"‣",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE]            = u8"●",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_WHITE_CIRCLE]            = u8"○",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_MULTIPLICATION_SIGN]     = u8"×",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CIRCLE_ARROW]            = u8"↻",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_BULLET]                  = u8"•",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_MU]                      = u8"μ",       /* actually called: GREEK SMALL LETTER MU */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK]              = u8"✓",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK]              = u8"✗",        /* actually called: BALLOT X */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_LIGHT_SHADE]             = u8"░",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DARK_SHADE]              = u8"▒",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SIGMA]                   = u8"Σ",
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_UP]                = u8"↑",       /* actually called: UPWARDS ARROW */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_DOWN]              = u8"↓",       /* actually called: DOWNWARDS ARROW */
+
+                        /* Single glyph in Unicode, two in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_LEFT]              = u8"←",       /* actually called: LEFTWARDS ARROW */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT]             = u8"→",       /* actually called: RIGHTWARDS ARROW */
+
+                        /* Single glyph in Unicode, three in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ELLIPSIS]                = u8"…",       /* actually called: HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS */
+
+                        /* Three glyphs in Unicode, five in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_EXTERNAL_LINK]           = u8"[🡕]",      /* actually called: NORTH EAST SANS-SERIF ARROW, enclosed in [] */
+
+                        /* These smileys are a single glyph in Unicode, and three in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_ECSTATIC_SMILEY]         = u8"😇",       /* actually called: SMILING FACE WITH HALO */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_HAPPY_SMILEY]            = u8"😀",       /* actually called: GRINNING FACE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_HAPPY_SMILEY]   = u8"🙂",       /* actually called: SLIGHTLY SMILING FACE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_NEUTRAL_SMILEY]          = u8"😐",       /* actually called: NEUTRAL FACE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_UNHAPPY_SMILEY] = u8"🙁",       /* actually called: SLIGHTLY FROWNING FACE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_UNHAPPY_SMILEY]          = u8"😨",       /* actually called: FEARFUL FACE */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DEPRESSED_SMILEY]        = u8"🤢",       /* actually called: NAUSEATED FACE */
+
+                        /* This emoji is a single character cell glyph in Unicode, and three in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_LOCK_AND_KEY]            = u8"🔐",       /* actually called: CLOSED LOCK WITH KEY */
+
+                        /* This emoji is a single character cell glyph in Unicode, and two in ASCII */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_TOUCH]                   = u8"👆",       /* actually called: BACKHAND INDEX POINTING UP */
+
+                        /* These three emojis are single character cell glyphs in Unicode and also in ASCII. */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_RECYCLING]               = u8"♻️",        /* actually called: UNIVERSAL RECYCLNG SYMBOL */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_DOWNLOAD]                = u8"⤵️",        /* actually called: RIGHT ARROW CURVING DOWN */
+                        [SPECIAL_GLYPH_SPARKLES]                = u8"✨",
+                },
+        };
+
+        if (code < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(code < _SPECIAL_GLYPH_MAX);
+        return draw_table[code >= _SPECIAL_GLYPH_FIRST_EMOJI ? emoji_enabled() : is_locale_utf8()][code];
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/glyph-util.h b/src/basic/glyph-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..621d7a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glyph-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum SpecialGlyph {
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_VERTICAL,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_BRANCH,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_RIGHT,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_SPACE,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TREE_TOP,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_VERTICAL_DOTTED,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_WHITE_CIRCLE,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_MULTIPLICATION_SIGN,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_CIRCLE_ARROW,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_BULLET,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_MU,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_LEFT,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_UP,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_DOWN,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ELLIPSIS,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_LIGHT_SHADE,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_DARK_SHADE,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_SIGMA,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_EXTERNAL_LINK,
+        _SPECIAL_GLYPH_FIRST_EMOJI,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_ECSTATIC_SMILEY = _SPECIAL_GLYPH_FIRST_EMOJI,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_HAPPY_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_HAPPY_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_NEUTRAL_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_SLIGHTLY_UNHAPPY_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_UNHAPPY_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_DEPRESSED_SMILEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_LOCK_AND_KEY,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_TOUCH,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_RECYCLING,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_DOWNLOAD,
+        SPECIAL_GLYPH_SPARKLES,
+        _SPECIAL_GLYPH_MAX,
+        _SPECIAL_GLYPH_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} SpecialGlyph;
+
+const char *special_glyph(SpecialGlyph code) _const_;
+
+bool emoji_enabled(void);
+
+static inline const char *special_glyph_check_mark(bool b) {
+        return b ? special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK) : special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CROSS_MARK);
+}
+
+static inline const char *special_glyph_check_mark_space(bool b) {
+        return b ? special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_CHECK_MARK) : " ";
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/gunicode.c b/src/basic/gunicode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36beb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/gunicode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/* gunicode.c - Unicode manipulation functions
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Tom Tromey
+ *  Copyright © 2000, 2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ */
+
+#include "gunicode.h"
+
+#define unichar uint32_t
+
+/**
+ * g_utf8_prev_char:
+ * @p: a pointer to a position within a UTF-8 encoded string
+ *
+ * Finds the previous UTF-8 character in the string before @p.
+ *
+ * @p does not have to be at the beginning of a UTF-8 character. No check
+ * is made to see if the character found is actually valid other than
+ * it starts with an appropriate byte. If @p might be the first
+ * character of the string, you must use g_utf8_find_prev_char() instead.
+ *
+ * Return value: a pointer to the found character.
+ **/
+char *
+utf8_prev_char (const char *p)
+{
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      p--;
+      if ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+        return (char *)p;
+    }
+}
+
+struct Interval
+{
+  unichar start, end;
+};
+
+static int
+interval_compare (const void *key, const void *elt)
+{
+  unichar c = (unichar) (long) (key);
+  struct Interval *interval = (struct Interval *)elt;
+
+  if (c < interval->start)
+    return -1;
+  if (c > interval->end)
+    return +1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * NOTE:
+ *
+ * The tables for g_unichar_iswide() and g_unichar_iswide_cjk() are
+ * generated from the Unicode Character Database's file
+ * extracted/DerivedEastAsianWidth.txt using the gen-iswide-table.py
+ * in this way:
+ *
+ *   ./gen-iswide-table.py < path/to/ucd/extracted/DerivedEastAsianWidth.txt | fmt
+ *
+ * Last update for Unicode 6.0.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * g_unichar_iswide:
+ * @c: a Unicode character
+ *
+ * Determines if a character is typically rendered in a double-width
+ * cell.
+ *
+ * Return value: %TRUE if the character is wide
+ **/
+bool
+unichar_iswide (unichar c)
+{
+  /* See NOTE earlier for how to update this table. */
+  static const struct Interval wide[] = {
+    {0x1100, 0x115F}, {0x2329, 0x232A}, {0x2E80, 0x2E99}, {0x2E9B, 0x2EF3},
+    {0x2F00, 0x2FD5}, {0x2FF0, 0x2FFB}, {0x3000, 0x303E}, {0x3041, 0x3096},
+    {0x3099, 0x30FF}, {0x3105, 0x312D}, {0x3131, 0x318E}, {0x3190, 0x31BA},
+    {0x31C0, 0x31E3}, {0x31F0, 0x321E}, {0x3220, 0x3247}, {0x3250, 0x32FE},
+    {0x3300, 0x4DBF}, {0x4E00, 0xA48C}, {0xA490, 0xA4C6}, {0xA960, 0xA97C},
+    {0xAC00, 0xD7A3}, {0xF900, 0xFAFF}, {0xFE10, 0xFE19}, {0xFE30, 0xFE52},
+    {0xFE54, 0xFE66}, {0xFE68, 0xFE6B}, {0xFF01, 0xFF60}, {0xFFE0, 0xFFE6},
+    {0x1B000, 0x1B001}, {0x1F200, 0x1F202}, {0x1F210, 0x1F23A},
+    {0x1F240, 0x1F248}, {0x1F250, 0x1F251},
+    {0x1F300, 0x1F567}, /* Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs */
+    {0x20000, 0x2FFFD}, {0x30000, 0x3FFFD},
+  };
+
+  if (bsearch ((void *)(uintptr_t)c, wide, (sizeof (wide) / sizeof ((wide)[0])), sizeof wide[0],
+               interval_compare))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+const char utf8_skip_data[256] = {
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+  3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,6,6,1,1
+};
diff --git a/src/basic/gunicode.h b/src/basic/gunicode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b71839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/gunicode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+/* gunicode.h - Unicode manipulation functions
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Tom Tromey
+ *  Copyright © 2000, 2005 Red Hat, Inc.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+char *utf8_prev_char (const char *p);
+
+extern const char utf8_skip_data[256];
+
+/**
+ * g_utf8_next_char:
+ * @p: Pointer to the start of a valid UTF-8 character
+ *
+ * Skips to the next character in a UTF-8 string. The string must be
+ * valid; this macro is as fast as possible, and has no error-checking.
+ * You would use this macro to iterate over a string character by
+ * character. The macro returns the start of the next UTF-8 character.
+ * Before using this macro, use g_utf8_validate() to validate strings
+ * that may contain invalid UTF-8.
+ */
+#define utf8_next_char(p) (char *)((p) + utf8_skip_data[*(const unsigned char *)(p)])
+
+bool unichar_iswide (uint32_t c);
diff --git a/src/basic/hash-funcs.c b/src/basic/hash-funcs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fac467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hash-funcs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hash-funcs.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+void string_hash_func(const char *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(p, strlen(p) + 1, state);
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(string_hash_ops, char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(string_hash_ops_free,
+                                    char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func, free);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(string_hash_ops_free_free,
+                     char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func, free,
+                     void, free);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(string_hash_ops_free_strv_free,
+                     char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func, free,
+                     char*, strv_free);
+
+void path_hash_func(const char *q, struct siphash *state) {
+        bool add_slash = false;
+
+        assert(q);
+        assert(state);
+
+        /* Calculates a hash for a path in a way this duplicate inner slashes don't make a differences, and also
+         * whether there's a trailing slash or not. This fits well with the semantics of path_compare(), which does
+         * similar checks and also doesn't care for trailing slashes. Note that relative and absolute paths (i.e. those
+         * which begin in a slash or not) will hash differently though. */
+
+        /* if path is absolute, add one "/" to the hash. */
+        if (path_is_absolute(q))
+                siphash24_compress("/", 1, state);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *e;
+                int r;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&q, true, &e);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return;
+
+                if (add_slash)
+                        siphash24_compress_byte('/', state);
+
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        /* if a component is invalid, then add remaining part as a string. */
+                        string_hash_func(q, state);
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                /* Add this component to the hash. */
+                siphash24_compress(e, r, state);
+
+                add_slash = true;
+        }
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(path_hash_ops, char, path_hash_func, path_compare);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(path_hash_ops_free,
+                                    char, path_hash_func, path_compare, free);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(path_hash_ops_free_free,
+                     char, path_hash_func, path_compare, free,
+                     void, free);
+
+void trivial_hash_func(const void *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(&p, sizeof(p), state);
+}
+
+int trivial_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        return CMP(a, b);
+}
+
+const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops = {
+        .hash = trivial_hash_func,
+        .compare = trivial_compare_func,
+};
+
+const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops_free = {
+        .hash = trivial_hash_func,
+        .compare = trivial_compare_func,
+        .free_key = free,
+};
+
+const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops_free_free = {
+        .hash = trivial_hash_func,
+        .compare = trivial_compare_func,
+        .free_key = free,
+        .free_value = free,
+};
+
+void uint64_hash_func(const uint64_t *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(p, sizeof(uint64_t), state);
+}
+
+int uint64_compare_func(const uint64_t *a, const uint64_t *b) {
+        return CMP(*a, *b);
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(uint64_hash_ops, uint64_t, uint64_hash_func, uint64_compare_func);
+
+#if SIZEOF_DEV_T != 8
+void devt_hash_func(const dev_t *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(p, sizeof(dev_t), state);
+}
+#endif
+
+int devt_compare_func(const dev_t *a, const dev_t *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = CMP(major(*a), major(*b));
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return CMP(minor(*a), minor(*b));
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(devt_hash_ops, dev_t, devt_hash_func, devt_compare_func);
diff --git a/src/basic/hash-funcs.h b/src/basic/hash-funcs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be64289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hash-funcs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "siphash24.h"
+
+typedef void (*hash_func_t)(const void *p, struct siphash *state);
+typedef int (*compare_func_t)(const void *a, const void *b);
+
+struct hash_ops {
+        hash_func_t hash;
+        compare_func_t compare;
+        free_func_t free_key;
+        free_func_t free_value;
+};
+
+#define _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, free_value_func, scope) \
+        _unused_ static void (* UNIQ_T(static_hash_wrapper, uq))(const type *, struct siphash *) = hash_func; \
+        _unused_ static int (* UNIQ_T(static_compare_wrapper, uq))(const type *, const type *) = compare_func; \
+        scope const struct hash_ops name = {                            \
+                .hash = (hash_func_t) hash_func,                        \
+                .compare = (compare_func_t) compare_func,               \
+                .free_key = free_key_func,                              \
+                .free_value = free_value_func,                          \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_FREE_FUNC(uq, type, wrapper_name, func)                 \
+        /* Type-safe free function */                                   \
+        static void UNIQ_T(wrapper_name, uq)(void *a) {                 \
+                type *_a = a;                                           \
+                func(_a);                                               \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_func, scope) \
+        _DEFINE_FREE_FUNC(uq, type, static_free_wrapper, free_func);    \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func,       \
+                         UNIQ_T(static_free_wrapper, uq), NULL, scope)
+
+#define _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, type_value, free_func, scope) \
+        _DEFINE_FREE_FUNC(uq, type_value, static_free_wrapper, free_func); \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func,       \
+                         NULL, UNIQ_T(static_free_wrapper, uq), scope)
+
+#define _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, type_value, free_value_func, scope) \
+        _DEFINE_FREE_FUNC(uq, type, static_free_key_wrapper, free_key_func); \
+        _DEFINE_FREE_FUNC(uq, type_value, static_free_value_wrapper, free_value_func); \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(uq, name, type, hash_func, compare_func,       \
+                         UNIQ_T(static_free_key_wrapper, uq),           \
+                         UNIQ_T(static_free_value_wrapper, uq), scope)
+
+#define DEFINE_HASH_OPS(name, type, hash_func, compare_func)            \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, NULL, NULL,)
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS(name, type, hash_func, compare_func)    \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, NULL, NULL, static)
+
+#define DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_func,)
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_func, static)
+
+#define DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, value_type, free_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, value_type, free_func,)
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, value_type, free_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, value_type, free_func, static)
+
+#define DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, value_type, free_value_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, value_type, free_value_func,)
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_HASH_OPS_FULL(name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, value_type, free_value_func) \
+        _DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(UNIQ, name, type, hash_func, compare_func, free_key_func, value_type, free_value_func, static)
+
+void string_hash_func(const char *p, struct siphash *state);
+#define string_compare_func strcmp
+extern const struct hash_ops string_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops string_hash_ops_free;
+extern const struct hash_ops string_hash_ops_free_free;
+extern const struct hash_ops string_hash_ops_free_strv_free;
+
+void path_hash_func(const char *p, struct siphash *state);
+extern const struct hash_ops path_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops path_hash_ops_free;
+extern const struct hash_ops path_hash_ops_free_free;
+
+/* This will compare the passed pointers directly, and will not dereference them. This is hence not useful for strings
+ * or suchlike. */
+void trivial_hash_func(const void *p, struct siphash *state);
+int trivial_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) _const_;
+extern const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops_free;
+extern const struct hash_ops trivial_hash_ops_free_free;
+
+/* 32bit values we can always just embed in the pointer itself, but in order to support 32bit archs we need store 64bit
+ * values indirectly, since they don't fit in a pointer. */
+void uint64_hash_func(const uint64_t *p, struct siphash *state);
+int uint64_compare_func(const uint64_t *a, const uint64_t *b) _pure_;
+extern const struct hash_ops uint64_hash_ops;
+
+/* On some archs dev_t is 32bit, and on others 64bit. And sometimes it's 64bit on 32bit archs, and sometimes 32bit on
+ * 64bit archs. Yuck! */
+#if SIZEOF_DEV_T != 8
+void devt_hash_func(const dev_t *p, struct siphash *state);
+#else
+#define devt_hash_func uint64_hash_func
+#endif
+
+int devt_compare_func(const dev_t *a, const dev_t *b) _pure_;
+extern const struct hash_ops devt_hash_ops;
diff --git a/src/basic/hashmap.c b/src/basic/hashmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a14ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hashmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2100 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "mempool.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "siphash24.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+#include "list.h"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Implementation of hashmaps.
+ * Addressing: open
+ *   - uses less RAM compared to closed addressing (chaining), because
+ *     our entries are small (especially in Sets, which tend to contain
+ *     the majority of entries in systemd).
+ * Collision resolution: Robin Hood
+ *   - tends to equalize displacement of entries from their optimal buckets.
+ * Probe sequence: linear
+ *   - though theoretically worse than random probing/uniform hashing/double
+ *     hashing, it is good for cache locality.
+ *
+ * References:
+ * Celis, P. 1986. Robin Hood Hashing.
+ * Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada, Canada.
+ * https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/research/tr/1986/CS-86-14.pdf
+ * - The results are derived for random probing. Suggests deletion with
+ *   tombstones and two mean-centered search methods. None of that works
+ *   well for linear probing.
+ *
+ * Janson, S. 2005. Individual displacements for linear probing hashing with different insertion policies.
+ * ACM Trans. Algorithms 1, 2 (October 2005), 177-213.
+ * DOI=10.1145/1103963.1103964 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1103963.1103964
+ * http://www.math.uu.se/~svante/papers/sj157.pdf
+ * - Applies to Robin Hood with linear probing. Contains remarks on
+ *   the unsuitability of mean-centered search with linear probing.
+ *
+ * Viola, A. 2005. Exact distribution of individual displacements in linear probing hashing.
+ * ACM Trans. Algorithms 1, 2 (October 2005), 214-242.
+ * DOI=10.1145/1103963.1103965 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1103963.1103965
+ * - Similar to Janson. Note that Viola writes about C_{m,n} (number of probes
+ *   in a successful search), and Janson writes about displacement. C = d + 1.
+ *
+ * Goossaert, E. 2013. Robin Hood hashing: backward shift deletion.
+ * http://codecapsule.com/2013/11/17/robin-hood-hashing-backward-shift-deletion/
+ * - Explanation of backward shift deletion with pictures.
+ *
+ * Khuong, P. 2013. The Other Robin Hood Hashing.
+ * http://www.pvk.ca/Blog/2013/11/26/the-other-robin-hood-hashing/
+ * - Short summary of random vs. linear probing, and tombstones vs. backward shift.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * XXX Ideas for improvement:
+ * For unordered hashmaps, randomize iteration order, similarly to Perl:
+ * http://blog.booking.com/hardening-perls-hash-function.html
+ */
+
+/* INV_KEEP_FREE = 1 / (1 - max_load_factor)
+ * e.g. 1 / (1 - 0.8) = 5 ... keep one fifth of the buckets free. */
+#define INV_KEEP_FREE            5U
+
+/* Fields common to entries of all hashmap/set types */
+struct hashmap_base_entry {
+        const void *key;
+};
+
+/* Entry types for specific hashmap/set types
+ * hashmap_base_entry must be at the beginning of each entry struct. */
+
+struct plain_hashmap_entry {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry b;
+        void *value;
+};
+
+struct ordered_hashmap_entry {
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry p;
+        unsigned iterate_next, iterate_previous;
+};
+
+struct set_entry {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry b;
+};
+
+/* In several functions it is advantageous to have the hash table extended
+ * virtually by a couple of additional buckets. We reserve special index values
+ * for these "swap" buckets. */
+#define _IDX_SWAP_BEGIN     (UINT_MAX - 3)
+#define IDX_PUT             (_IDX_SWAP_BEGIN + 0)
+#define IDX_TMP             (_IDX_SWAP_BEGIN + 1)
+#define _IDX_SWAP_END       (_IDX_SWAP_BEGIN + 2)
+
+#define IDX_FIRST           (UINT_MAX - 1) /* special index for freshly initialized iterators */
+#define IDX_NIL             UINT_MAX       /* special index value meaning "none" or "end" */
+
+assert_cc(IDX_FIRST == _IDX_SWAP_END);
+assert_cc(IDX_FIRST == _IDX_ITERATOR_FIRST);
+
+/* Storage space for the "swap" buckets.
+ * All entry types can fit into an ordered_hashmap_entry. */
+struct swap_entries {
+        struct ordered_hashmap_entry e[_IDX_SWAP_END - _IDX_SWAP_BEGIN];
+};
+
+/* Distance from Initial Bucket */
+typedef uint8_t dib_raw_t;
+#define DIB_RAW_OVERFLOW ((dib_raw_t)0xfdU)   /* indicates DIB value is greater than representable */
+#define DIB_RAW_REHASH   ((dib_raw_t)0xfeU)   /* entry yet to be rehashed during in-place resize */
+#define DIB_RAW_FREE     ((dib_raw_t)0xffU)   /* a free bucket */
+#define DIB_RAW_INIT     ((char)DIB_RAW_FREE) /* a byte to memset a DIB store with when initializing */
+
+#define DIB_FREE UINT_MAX
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+struct hashmap_debug_info {
+        LIST_FIELDS(struct hashmap_debug_info, debug_list);
+        unsigned max_entries;  /* high watermark of n_entries */
+
+        /* who allocated this hashmap */
+        int line;
+        const char *file;
+        const char *func;
+
+        /* fields to detect modification while iterating */
+        unsigned put_count;    /* counts puts into the hashmap */
+        unsigned rem_count;    /* counts removals from hashmap */
+        unsigned last_rem_idx; /* remembers last removal index */
+};
+
+/* Tracks all existing hashmaps. Get at it from gdb. See sd_dump_hashmaps.py */
+static LIST_HEAD(struct hashmap_debug_info, hashmap_debug_list);
+static pthread_mutex_t hashmap_debug_list_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+#endif
+
+enum HashmapType {
+        HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN,
+        HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED,
+        HASHMAP_TYPE_SET,
+        _HASHMAP_TYPE_MAX
+};
+
+struct _packed_ indirect_storage {
+        void *storage;                     /* where buckets and DIBs are stored */
+        uint8_t  hash_key[HASH_KEY_SIZE];  /* hash key; changes during resize */
+
+        unsigned n_entries;                /* number of stored entries */
+        unsigned n_buckets;                /* number of buckets */
+
+        unsigned idx_lowest_entry;         /* Index below which all buckets are free.
+                                              Makes "while (hashmap_steal_first())" loops
+                                              O(n) instead of O(n^2) for unordered hashmaps. */
+        uint8_t  _pad[3];                  /* padding for the whole HashmapBase */
+        /* The bitfields in HashmapBase complete the alignment of the whole thing. */
+};
+
+struct direct_storage {
+        /* This gives us 39 bytes on 64bit, or 35 bytes on 32bit.
+         * That's room for 4 set_entries + 4 DIB bytes + 3 unused bytes on 64bit,
+         *              or 7 set_entries + 7 DIB bytes + 0 unused bytes on 32bit. */
+        uint8_t storage[sizeof(struct indirect_storage)];
+};
+
+#define DIRECT_BUCKETS(entry_t) \
+        (sizeof(struct direct_storage) / (sizeof(entry_t) + sizeof(dib_raw_t)))
+
+/* We should be able to store at least one entry directly. */
+assert_cc(DIRECT_BUCKETS(struct ordered_hashmap_entry) >= 1);
+
+/* We have 3 bits for n_direct_entries. */
+assert_cc(DIRECT_BUCKETS(struct set_entry) < (1 << 3));
+
+/* Hashmaps with directly stored entries all use this shared hash key.
+ * It's no big deal if the key is guessed, because there can be only
+ * a handful of directly stored entries in a hashmap. When a hashmap
+ * outgrows direct storage, it gets its own key for indirect storage. */
+static uint8_t shared_hash_key[HASH_KEY_SIZE];
+
+/* Fields that all hashmap/set types must have */
+struct HashmapBase {
+        const struct hash_ops *hash_ops;  /* hash and compare ops to use */
+
+        union _packed_ {
+                struct indirect_storage indirect; /* if  has_indirect */
+                struct direct_storage direct;     /* if !has_indirect */
+        };
+
+        enum HashmapType type:2;     /* HASHMAP_TYPE_* */
+        bool has_indirect:1;         /* whether indirect storage is used */
+        unsigned n_direct_entries:3; /* Number of entries in direct storage.
+                                      * Only valid if !has_indirect. */
+        bool from_pool:1;            /* whether was allocated from mempool */
+        bool dirty:1;                /* whether dirtied since last iterated_cache_get() */
+        bool cached:1;               /* whether this hashmap is being cached */
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        struct hashmap_debug_info debug;
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Specific hash types
+ * HashmapBase must be at the beginning of each hashmap struct. */
+
+struct Hashmap {
+        struct HashmapBase b;
+};
+
+struct OrderedHashmap {
+        struct HashmapBase b;
+        unsigned iterate_list_head, iterate_list_tail;
+};
+
+struct Set {
+        struct HashmapBase b;
+};
+
+typedef struct CacheMem {
+        const void **ptr;
+        size_t n_populated;
+        bool active:1;
+} CacheMem;
+
+struct IteratedCache {
+        HashmapBase *hashmap;
+        CacheMem keys, values;
+};
+
+DEFINE_MEMPOOL(hashmap_pool,         Hashmap,        8);
+DEFINE_MEMPOOL(ordered_hashmap_pool, OrderedHashmap, 8);
+/* No need for a separate Set pool */
+assert_cc(sizeof(Hashmap) == sizeof(Set));
+
+struct hashmap_type_info {
+        size_t head_size;
+        size_t entry_size;
+        struct mempool *mempool;
+        unsigned n_direct_buckets;
+};
+
+static _used_ const struct hashmap_type_info hashmap_type_info[_HASHMAP_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN] = {
+                .head_size        = sizeof(Hashmap),
+                .entry_size       = sizeof(struct plain_hashmap_entry),
+                .mempool          = &hashmap_pool,
+                .n_direct_buckets = DIRECT_BUCKETS(struct plain_hashmap_entry),
+        },
+        [HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED] = {
+                .head_size        = sizeof(OrderedHashmap),
+                .entry_size       = sizeof(struct ordered_hashmap_entry),
+                .mempool          = &ordered_hashmap_pool,
+                .n_direct_buckets = DIRECT_BUCKETS(struct ordered_hashmap_entry),
+        },
+        [HASHMAP_TYPE_SET] = {
+                .head_size        = sizeof(Set),
+                .entry_size       = sizeof(struct set_entry),
+                .mempool          = &hashmap_pool,
+                .n_direct_buckets = DIRECT_BUCKETS(struct set_entry),
+        },
+};
+
+#if VALGRIND
+_destructor_ static void cleanup_pools(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Be nice to valgrind */
+
+        /* The pool is only allocated by the main thread, but the memory can
+         * be passed to other threads. Let's clean up if we are the main thread
+         * and no other threads are live. */
+        /* We build our own is_main_thread() here, which doesn't use C11
+         * TLS based caching of the result. That's because valgrind apparently
+         * doesn't like malloc() (which C11 TLS internally uses) to be called
+         * from a GCC destructors. */
+        if (getpid() != gettid())
+                return;
+
+        r = get_proc_field("/proc/self/status", "Threads", WHITESPACE, &t);
+        if (r < 0 || !streq(t, "1"))
+                return;
+
+        mempool_drop(&hashmap_pool);
+        mempool_drop(&ordered_hashmap_pool);
+}
+#endif
+
+static unsigned n_buckets(HashmapBase *h) {
+        return h->has_indirect ? h->indirect.n_buckets
+                               : hashmap_type_info[h->type].n_direct_buckets;
+}
+
+static unsigned n_entries(HashmapBase *h) {
+        return h->has_indirect ? h->indirect.n_entries
+                               : h->n_direct_entries;
+}
+
+static void n_entries_inc(HashmapBase *h) {
+        if (h->has_indirect)
+                h->indirect.n_entries++;
+        else
+                h->n_direct_entries++;
+}
+
+static void n_entries_dec(HashmapBase *h) {
+        if (h->has_indirect)
+                h->indirect.n_entries--;
+        else
+                h->n_direct_entries--;
+}
+
+static void* storage_ptr(HashmapBase *h) {
+        return h->has_indirect ? h->indirect.storage
+                               : h->direct.storage;
+}
+
+static uint8_t* hash_key(HashmapBase *h) {
+        return h->has_indirect ? h->indirect.hash_key
+                               : shared_hash_key;
+}
+
+static unsigned base_bucket_hash(HashmapBase *h, const void *p) {
+        struct siphash state;
+        uint64_t hash;
+
+        siphash24_init(&state, hash_key(h));
+
+        h->hash_ops->hash(p, &state);
+
+        hash = siphash24_finalize(&state);
+
+        return (unsigned) (hash % n_buckets(h));
+}
+#define bucket_hash(h, p) base_bucket_hash(HASHMAP_BASE(h), p)
+
+static void base_set_dirty(HashmapBase *h) {
+        h->dirty = true;
+}
+#define hashmap_set_dirty(h) base_set_dirty(HASHMAP_BASE(h))
+
+static void get_hash_key(uint8_t hash_key[HASH_KEY_SIZE], bool reuse_is_ok) {
+        static uint8_t current[HASH_KEY_SIZE];
+        static bool current_initialized = false;
+
+        /* Returns a hash function key to use. In order to keep things
+         * fast we will not generate a new key each time we allocate a
+         * new hash table. Instead, we'll just reuse the most recently
+         * generated one, except if we never generated one or when we
+         * are rehashing an entire hash table because we reached a
+         * fill level */
+
+        if (!current_initialized || !reuse_is_ok) {
+                random_bytes(current, sizeof(current));
+                current_initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        memcpy(hash_key, current, sizeof(current));
+}
+
+static struct hashmap_base_entry* bucket_at(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (struct hashmap_base_entry*)
+                ((uint8_t*) storage_ptr(h) + idx * hashmap_type_info[h->type].entry_size);
+}
+
+static struct plain_hashmap_entry* plain_bucket_at(Hashmap *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (struct plain_hashmap_entry*) bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx);
+}
+
+static struct ordered_hashmap_entry* ordered_bucket_at(OrderedHashmap *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (struct ordered_hashmap_entry*) bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx);
+}
+
+static struct set_entry *set_bucket_at(Set *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (struct set_entry*) bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx);
+}
+
+static struct ordered_hashmap_entry* bucket_at_swap(struct swap_entries *swap, unsigned idx) {
+        return &swap->e[idx - _IDX_SWAP_BEGIN];
+}
+
+/* Returns a pointer to the bucket at index idx.
+ * Understands real indexes and swap indexes, hence "_virtual". */
+static struct hashmap_base_entry* bucket_at_virtual(HashmapBase *h, struct swap_entries *swap,
+                                                    unsigned idx) {
+        if (idx < _IDX_SWAP_BEGIN)
+                return bucket_at(h, idx);
+
+        if (idx < _IDX_SWAP_END)
+                return &bucket_at_swap(swap, idx)->p.b;
+
+        assert_not_reached();
+}
+
+static dib_raw_t* dib_raw_ptr(HashmapBase *h) {
+        return (dib_raw_t*)
+                ((uint8_t*) storage_ptr(h) + hashmap_type_info[h->type].entry_size * n_buckets(h));
+}
+
+static unsigned bucket_distance(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx, unsigned from) {
+        return idx >= from ? idx - from
+                           : n_buckets(h) + idx - from;
+}
+
+static unsigned bucket_calculate_dib(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx, dib_raw_t raw_dib) {
+        unsigned initial_bucket;
+
+        if (raw_dib == DIB_RAW_FREE)
+                return DIB_FREE;
+
+        if (_likely_(raw_dib < DIB_RAW_OVERFLOW))
+                return raw_dib;
+
+        /*
+         * Having an overflow DIB value is very unlikely. The hash function
+         * would have to be bad. For example, in a table of size 2^24 filled
+         * to load factor 0.9 the maximum observed DIB is only about 60.
+         * In theory (assuming I used Maxima correctly), for an infinite size
+         * hash table with load factor 0.8 the probability of a given entry
+         * having DIB > 40 is 1.9e-8.
+         * This returns the correct DIB value by recomputing the hash value in
+         * the unlikely case. XXX Hitting this case could be a hint to rehash.
+         */
+        initial_bucket = bucket_hash(h, bucket_at(h, idx)->key);
+        return bucket_distance(h, idx, initial_bucket);
+}
+
+static void bucket_set_dib(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx, unsigned dib) {
+        dib_raw_ptr(h)[idx] = dib != DIB_FREE ? MIN(dib, DIB_RAW_OVERFLOW) : DIB_RAW_FREE;
+}
+
+static unsigned skip_free_buckets(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        dib_raw_t *dibs;
+
+        dibs = dib_raw_ptr(h);
+
+        for ( ; idx < n_buckets(h); idx++)
+                if (dibs[idx] != DIB_RAW_FREE)
+                        return idx;
+
+        return IDX_NIL;
+}
+
+static void bucket_mark_free(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        memzero(bucket_at(h, idx), hashmap_type_info[h->type].entry_size);
+        bucket_set_dib(h, idx, DIB_FREE);
+}
+
+static void bucket_move_entry(HashmapBase *h, struct swap_entries *swap,
+                              unsigned from, unsigned to) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e_from, *e_to;
+
+        assert(from != to);
+
+        e_from = bucket_at_virtual(h, swap, from);
+        e_to   = bucket_at_virtual(h, swap, to);
+
+        memcpy(e_to, e_from, hashmap_type_info[h->type].entry_size);
+
+        if (h->type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED) {
+                OrderedHashmap *lh = (OrderedHashmap*) h;
+                struct ordered_hashmap_entry *le, *le_to;
+
+                le_to = (struct ordered_hashmap_entry*) e_to;
+
+                if (le_to->iterate_next != IDX_NIL) {
+                        le = (struct ordered_hashmap_entry*)
+                             bucket_at_virtual(h, swap, le_to->iterate_next);
+                        le->iterate_previous = to;
+                }
+
+                if (le_to->iterate_previous != IDX_NIL) {
+                        le = (struct ordered_hashmap_entry*)
+                             bucket_at_virtual(h, swap, le_to->iterate_previous);
+                        le->iterate_next = to;
+                }
+
+                if (lh->iterate_list_head == from)
+                        lh->iterate_list_head = to;
+                if (lh->iterate_list_tail == from)
+                        lh->iterate_list_tail = to;
+        }
+}
+
+static unsigned next_idx(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (idx + 1U) % n_buckets(h);
+}
+
+static unsigned prev_idx(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        return (n_buckets(h) + idx - 1U) % n_buckets(h);
+}
+
+static void* entry_value(HashmapBase *h, struct hashmap_base_entry *e) {
+        switch (h->type) {
+
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN:
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED:
+                return ((struct plain_hashmap_entry*)e)->value;
+
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_SET:
+                return (void*) e->key;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+}
+
+static void base_remove_entry(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx) {
+        unsigned left, right, prev, dib;
+        dib_raw_t raw_dib, *dibs;
+
+        dibs = dib_raw_ptr(h);
+        assert(dibs[idx] != DIB_RAW_FREE);
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        h->debug.rem_count++;
+        h->debug.last_rem_idx = idx;
+#endif
+
+        left = idx;
+        /* Find the stop bucket ("right"). It is either free or has DIB == 0. */
+        for (right = next_idx(h, left); ; right = next_idx(h, right)) {
+                raw_dib = dibs[right];
+                if (IN_SET(raw_dib, 0, DIB_RAW_FREE))
+                        break;
+
+                /* The buckets are not supposed to be all occupied and with DIB > 0.
+                 * That would mean we could make everyone better off by shifting them
+                 * backward. This scenario is impossible. */
+                assert(left != right);
+        }
+
+        if (h->type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED) {
+                OrderedHashmap *lh = (OrderedHashmap*) h;
+                struct ordered_hashmap_entry *le = ordered_bucket_at(lh, idx);
+
+                if (le->iterate_next != IDX_NIL)
+                        ordered_bucket_at(lh, le->iterate_next)->iterate_previous = le->iterate_previous;
+                else
+                        lh->iterate_list_tail = le->iterate_previous;
+
+                if (le->iterate_previous != IDX_NIL)
+                        ordered_bucket_at(lh, le->iterate_previous)->iterate_next = le->iterate_next;
+                else
+                        lh->iterate_list_head = le->iterate_next;
+        }
+
+        /* Now shift all buckets in the interval (left, right) one step backwards */
+        for (prev = left, left = next_idx(h, left); left != right;
+             prev = left, left = next_idx(h, left)) {
+                dib = bucket_calculate_dib(h, left, dibs[left]);
+                assert(dib != 0);
+                bucket_move_entry(h, NULL, left, prev);
+                bucket_set_dib(h, prev, dib - 1);
+        }
+
+        bucket_mark_free(h, prev);
+        n_entries_dec(h);
+        base_set_dirty(h);
+}
+#define remove_entry(h, idx) base_remove_entry(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx)
+
+static unsigned hashmap_iterate_in_insertion_order(OrderedHashmap *h, Iterator *i) {
+        struct ordered_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+        assert(i);
+
+        if (i->idx == IDX_NIL)
+                goto at_end;
+
+        if (i->idx == IDX_FIRST && h->iterate_list_head == IDX_NIL)
+                goto at_end;
+
+        if (i->idx == IDX_FIRST) {
+                idx = h->iterate_list_head;
+                e = ordered_bucket_at(h, idx);
+        } else {
+                idx = i->idx;
+                e = ordered_bucket_at(h, idx);
+                /*
+                 * We allow removing the current entry while iterating, but removal may cause
+                 * a backward shift. The next entry may thus move one bucket to the left.
+                 * To detect when it happens, we remember the key pointer of the entry we were
+                 * going to iterate next. If it does not match, there was a backward shift.
+                 */
+                if (e->p.b.key != i->next_key) {
+                        idx = prev_idx(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx);
+                        e = ordered_bucket_at(h, idx);
+                }
+                assert(e->p.b.key == i->next_key);
+        }
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        i->prev_idx = idx;
+#endif
+
+        if (e->iterate_next != IDX_NIL) {
+                struct ordered_hashmap_entry *n;
+                i->idx = e->iterate_next;
+                n = ordered_bucket_at(h, i->idx);
+                i->next_key = n->p.b.key;
+        } else
+                i->idx = IDX_NIL;
+
+        return idx;
+
+at_end:
+        i->idx = IDX_NIL;
+        return IDX_NIL;
+}
+
+static unsigned hashmap_iterate_in_internal_order(HashmapBase *h, Iterator *i) {
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+        assert(i);
+
+        if (i->idx == IDX_NIL)
+                goto at_end;
+
+        if (i->idx == IDX_FIRST) {
+                /* fast forward to the first occupied bucket */
+                if (h->has_indirect) {
+                        i->idx = skip_free_buckets(h, h->indirect.idx_lowest_entry);
+                        h->indirect.idx_lowest_entry = i->idx;
+                } else
+                        i->idx = skip_free_buckets(h, 0);
+
+                if (i->idx == IDX_NIL)
+                        goto at_end;
+        } else {
+                struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+
+                assert(i->idx > 0);
+
+                e = bucket_at(h, i->idx);
+                /*
+                 * We allow removing the current entry while iterating, but removal may cause
+                 * a backward shift. The next entry may thus move one bucket to the left.
+                 * To detect when it happens, we remember the key pointer of the entry we were
+                 * going to iterate next. If it does not match, there was a backward shift.
+                 */
+                if (e->key != i->next_key)
+                        e = bucket_at(h, --i->idx);
+
+                assert(e->key == i->next_key);
+        }
+
+        idx = i->idx;
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        i->prev_idx = idx;
+#endif
+
+        i->idx = skip_free_buckets(h, i->idx + 1);
+        if (i->idx != IDX_NIL)
+                i->next_key = bucket_at(h, i->idx)->key;
+        else
+                i->idx = IDX_NIL;
+
+        return idx;
+
+at_end:
+        i->idx = IDX_NIL;
+        return IDX_NIL;
+}
+
+static unsigned hashmap_iterate_entry(HashmapBase *h, Iterator *i) {
+        if (!h) {
+                i->idx = IDX_NIL;
+                return IDX_NIL;
+        }
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        if (i->idx == IDX_FIRST) {
+                i->put_count = h->debug.put_count;
+                i->rem_count = h->debug.rem_count;
+        } else {
+                /* While iterating, must not add any new entries */
+                assert(i->put_count == h->debug.put_count);
+                /* ... or remove entries other than the current one */
+                assert(i->rem_count == h->debug.rem_count ||
+                       (i->rem_count == h->debug.rem_count - 1 &&
+                        i->prev_idx == h->debug.last_rem_idx));
+                /* Reset our removals counter */
+                i->rem_count = h->debug.rem_count;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return h->type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED ? hashmap_iterate_in_insertion_order((OrderedHashmap*) h, i)
+                                               : hashmap_iterate_in_internal_order(h, i);
+}
+
+bool _hashmap_iterate(HashmapBase *h, Iterator *i, void **value, const void **key) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        void *data;
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        idx = hashmap_iterate_entry(h, i);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL) {
+                if (value)
+                        *value = NULL;
+                if (key)
+                        *key = NULL;
+
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+        data = entry_value(h, e);
+        if (value)
+                *value = data;
+        if (key)
+                *key = e->key;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+#define HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, h, i) \
+        for ((i) = ITERATOR_FIRST, (idx) = hashmap_iterate_entry((h), &(i)); \
+             (idx != IDX_NIL); \
+             (idx) = hashmap_iterate_entry((h), &(i)))
+
+IteratedCache* _hashmap_iterated_cache_new(HashmapBase *h) {
+        IteratedCache *cache;
+
+        assert(h);
+        assert(!h->cached);
+
+        if (h->cached)
+                return NULL;
+
+        cache = new0(IteratedCache, 1);
+        if (!cache)
+                return NULL;
+
+        cache->hashmap = h;
+        h->cached = true;
+
+        return cache;
+}
+
+static void reset_direct_storage(HashmapBase *h) {
+        const struct hashmap_type_info *hi = &hashmap_type_info[h->type];
+        void *p;
+
+        assert(!h->has_indirect);
+
+        p = mempset(h->direct.storage, 0, hi->entry_size * hi->n_direct_buckets);
+        memset(p, DIB_RAW_INIT, sizeof(dib_raw_t) * hi->n_direct_buckets);
+}
+
+static void shared_hash_key_initialize(void) {
+        random_bytes(shared_hash_key, sizeof(shared_hash_key));
+}
+
+static struct HashmapBase* hashmap_base_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, enum HashmapType type  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        HashmapBase *h;
+        const struct hashmap_type_info *hi = &hashmap_type_info[type];
+
+        bool use_pool = mempool_enabled && mempool_enabled();
+
+        h = use_pool ? mempool_alloc0_tile(hi->mempool) : malloc0(hi->head_size);
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        h->type = type;
+        h->from_pool = use_pool;
+        h->hash_ops = hash_ops ?: &trivial_hash_ops;
+
+        if (type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED) {
+                OrderedHashmap *lh = (OrderedHashmap*)h;
+                lh->iterate_list_head = lh->iterate_list_tail = IDX_NIL;
+        }
+
+        reset_direct_storage(h);
+
+        static pthread_once_t once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+        assert_se(pthread_once(&once, shared_hash_key_initialize) == 0);
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        h->debug.func = func;
+        h->debug.file = file;
+        h->debug.line = line;
+        assert_se(pthread_mutex_lock(&hashmap_debug_list_mutex) == 0);
+        LIST_PREPEND(debug_list, hashmap_debug_list, &h->debug);
+        assert_se(pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashmap_debug_list_mutex) == 0);
+#endif
+
+        return h;
+}
+
+Hashmap *_hashmap_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return (Hashmap*)        hashmap_base_new(hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+OrderedHashmap *_ordered_hashmap_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return (OrderedHashmap*) hashmap_base_new(hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+Set *_set_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return (Set*)            hashmap_base_new(hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_SET  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+static int hashmap_base_ensure_allocated(HashmapBase **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops,
+                                         enum HashmapType type  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        HashmapBase *q;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        if (*h)
+                return 0;
+
+        q = hashmap_base_new(hash_ops, type  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (!q)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *h = q;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int _hashmap_ensure_allocated(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return hashmap_base_ensure_allocated((HashmapBase**)h, hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+int _ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(OrderedHashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return hashmap_base_ensure_allocated((HashmapBase**)h, hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+int _set_ensure_allocated(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return hashmap_base_ensure_allocated((HashmapBase**)s, hash_ops, HASHMAP_TYPE_SET  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+
+int _hashmap_ensure_put(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key, void *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return hashmap_put(*h, key, value);
+}
+
+int _ordered_hashmap_ensure_put(OrderedHashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key, void *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ordered_hashmap_put(*h, key, value);
+}
+
+static void hashmap_free_no_clear(HashmapBase *h) {
+        assert(!h->has_indirect);
+        assert(h->n_direct_entries == 0);
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        assert_se(pthread_mutex_lock(&hashmap_debug_list_mutex) == 0);
+        LIST_REMOVE(debug_list, hashmap_debug_list, &h->debug);
+        assert_se(pthread_mutex_unlock(&hashmap_debug_list_mutex) == 0);
+#endif
+
+        if (h->from_pool) {
+                /* Ensure that the object didn't get migrated between threads. */
+                assert_se(is_main_thread());
+                mempool_free_tile(hashmap_type_info[h->type].mempool, h);
+        } else
+                free(h);
+}
+
+HashmapBase* _hashmap_free(HashmapBase *h, free_func_t default_free_key, free_func_t default_free_value) {
+        if (h) {
+                _hashmap_clear(h, default_free_key, default_free_value);
+                hashmap_free_no_clear(h);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+void _hashmap_clear(HashmapBase *h, free_func_t default_free_key, free_func_t default_free_value) {
+        free_func_t free_key, free_value;
+        if (!h)
+                return;
+
+        free_key = h->hash_ops->free_key ?: default_free_key;
+        free_value = h->hash_ops->free_value ?: default_free_value;
+
+        if (free_key || free_value) {
+
+                /* If destructor calls are defined, let's destroy things defensively: let's take the item out of the
+                 * hash table, and only then call the destructor functions. If these destructors then try to unregister
+                 * themselves from our hash table a second time, the entry is already gone. */
+
+                while (_hashmap_size(h) > 0) {
+                        void *k = NULL;
+                        void *v;
+
+                        v = _hashmap_first_key_and_value(h, true, &k);
+
+                        if (free_key)
+                                free_key(k);
+
+                        if (free_value)
+                                free_value(v);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (h->has_indirect) {
+                free(h->indirect.storage);
+                h->has_indirect = false;
+        }
+
+        h->n_direct_entries = 0;
+        reset_direct_storage(h);
+
+        if (h->type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED) {
+                OrderedHashmap *lh = (OrderedHashmap*) h;
+                lh->iterate_list_head = lh->iterate_list_tail = IDX_NIL;
+        }
+
+        base_set_dirty(h);
+}
+
+static int resize_buckets(HashmapBase *h, unsigned entries_add);
+
+/*
+ * Finds an empty bucket to put an entry into, starting the scan at 'idx'.
+ * Performs Robin Hood swaps as it goes. The entry to put must be placed
+ * by the caller into swap slot IDX_PUT.
+ * If used for in-place resizing, may leave a displaced entry in swap slot
+ * IDX_PUT. Caller must rehash it next.
+ * Returns: true if it left a displaced entry to rehash next in IDX_PUT,
+ *          false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool hashmap_put_robin_hood(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx,
+                                   struct swap_entries *swap) {
+        dib_raw_t raw_dib, *dibs;
+        unsigned dib, distance;
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        h->debug.put_count++;
+#endif
+
+        dibs = dib_raw_ptr(h);
+
+        for (distance = 0; ; distance++) {
+                raw_dib = dibs[idx];
+                if (IN_SET(raw_dib, DIB_RAW_FREE, DIB_RAW_REHASH)) {
+                        if (raw_dib == DIB_RAW_REHASH)
+                                bucket_move_entry(h, swap, idx, IDX_TMP);
+
+                        if (h->has_indirect && h->indirect.idx_lowest_entry > idx)
+                                h->indirect.idx_lowest_entry = idx;
+
+                        bucket_set_dib(h, idx, distance);
+                        bucket_move_entry(h, swap, IDX_PUT, idx);
+                        if (raw_dib == DIB_RAW_REHASH) {
+                                bucket_move_entry(h, swap, IDX_TMP, IDX_PUT);
+                                return true;
+                        }
+
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                dib = bucket_calculate_dib(h, idx, raw_dib);
+
+                if (dib < distance) {
+                        /* Found a wealthier entry. Go Robin Hood! */
+                        bucket_set_dib(h, idx, distance);
+
+                        /* swap the entries */
+                        bucket_move_entry(h, swap, idx, IDX_TMP);
+                        bucket_move_entry(h, swap, IDX_PUT, idx);
+                        bucket_move_entry(h, swap, IDX_TMP, IDX_PUT);
+
+                        distance = dib;
+                }
+
+                idx = next_idx(h, idx);
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Puts an entry into a hashmap, boldly - no check whether key already exists.
+ * The caller must place the entry (only its key and value, not link indexes)
+ * in swap slot IDX_PUT.
+ * Caller must ensure: the key does not exist yet in the hashmap.
+ *                     that resize is not needed if !may_resize.
+ * Returns: 1 if entry was put successfully.
+ *          -ENOMEM if may_resize==true and resize failed with -ENOMEM.
+ *          Cannot return -ENOMEM if !may_resize.
+ */
+static int hashmap_base_put_boldly(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx,
+                                   struct swap_entries *swap, bool may_resize) {
+        struct ordered_hashmap_entry *new_entry;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(idx < n_buckets(h));
+
+        new_entry = bucket_at_swap(swap, IDX_PUT);
+
+        if (may_resize) {
+                r = resize_buckets(h, 1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        idx = bucket_hash(h, new_entry->p.b.key);
+        }
+        assert(n_entries(h) < n_buckets(h));
+
+        if (h->type == HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED) {
+                OrderedHashmap *lh = (OrderedHashmap*) h;
+
+                new_entry->iterate_next = IDX_NIL;
+                new_entry->iterate_previous = lh->iterate_list_tail;
+
+                if (lh->iterate_list_tail != IDX_NIL) {
+                        struct ordered_hashmap_entry *old_tail;
+
+                        old_tail = ordered_bucket_at(lh, lh->iterate_list_tail);
+                        assert(old_tail->iterate_next == IDX_NIL);
+                        old_tail->iterate_next = IDX_PUT;
+                }
+
+                lh->iterate_list_tail = IDX_PUT;
+                if (lh->iterate_list_head == IDX_NIL)
+                        lh->iterate_list_head = IDX_PUT;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(hashmap_put_robin_hood(h, idx, swap) == false);
+
+        n_entries_inc(h);
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        h->debug.max_entries = MAX(h->debug.max_entries, n_entries(h));
+#endif
+
+        base_set_dirty(h);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+#define hashmap_put_boldly(h, idx, swap, may_resize) \
+        hashmap_base_put_boldly(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx, swap, may_resize)
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 if resize is not needed.
+ *         1 if successfully resized.
+ *         -ENOMEM on allocation failure.
+ */
+static int resize_buckets(HashmapBase *h, unsigned entries_add) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        void *new_storage;
+        dib_raw_t *old_dibs, *new_dibs;
+        const struct hashmap_type_info *hi;
+        unsigned idx, optimal_idx;
+        unsigned old_n_buckets, new_n_buckets, n_rehashed, new_n_entries;
+        uint8_t new_shift;
+        bool rehash_next;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        hi = &hashmap_type_info[h->type];
+        new_n_entries = n_entries(h) + entries_add;
+
+        /* overflow? */
+        if (_unlikely_(new_n_entries < entries_add))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* For direct storage we allow 100% load, because it's tiny. */
+        if (!h->has_indirect && new_n_entries <= hi->n_direct_buckets)
+                return 0;
+
+        /*
+         * Load factor = n/m = 1 - (1/INV_KEEP_FREE).
+         * From it follows: m = n + n/(INV_KEEP_FREE - 1)
+         */
+        new_n_buckets = new_n_entries + new_n_entries / (INV_KEEP_FREE - 1);
+        /* overflow? */
+        if (_unlikely_(new_n_buckets < new_n_entries))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (_unlikely_(new_n_buckets > UINT_MAX / (hi->entry_size + sizeof(dib_raw_t))))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        old_n_buckets = n_buckets(h);
+
+        if (_likely_(new_n_buckets <= old_n_buckets))
+                return 0;
+
+        new_shift = log2u_round_up(MAX(
+                        new_n_buckets * (hi->entry_size + sizeof(dib_raw_t)),
+                        2 * sizeof(struct direct_storage)));
+
+        /* Realloc storage (buckets and DIB array). */
+        new_storage = realloc(h->has_indirect ? h->indirect.storage : NULL,
+                              1U << new_shift);
+        if (!new_storage)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Must upgrade direct to indirect storage. */
+        if (!h->has_indirect) {
+                memcpy(new_storage, h->direct.storage,
+                       old_n_buckets * (hi->entry_size + sizeof(dib_raw_t)));
+                h->indirect.n_entries = h->n_direct_entries;
+                h->indirect.idx_lowest_entry = 0;
+                h->n_direct_entries = 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Get a new hash key. If we've just upgraded to indirect storage,
+         * allow reusing a previously generated key. It's still a different key
+         * from the shared one that we used for direct storage. */
+        get_hash_key(h->indirect.hash_key, !h->has_indirect);
+
+        h->has_indirect = true;
+        h->indirect.storage = new_storage;
+        h->indirect.n_buckets = (1U << new_shift) /
+                                (hi->entry_size + sizeof(dib_raw_t));
+
+        old_dibs = (dib_raw_t*)((uint8_t*) new_storage + hi->entry_size * old_n_buckets);
+        new_dibs = dib_raw_ptr(h);
+
+        /*
+         * Move the DIB array to the new place, replacing valid DIB values with
+         * DIB_RAW_REHASH to indicate all of the used buckets need rehashing.
+         * Note: Overlap is not possible, because we have at least doubled the
+         * number of buckets and dib_raw_t is smaller than any entry type.
+         */
+        for (idx = 0; idx < old_n_buckets; idx++) {
+                assert(old_dibs[idx] != DIB_RAW_REHASH);
+                new_dibs[idx] = old_dibs[idx] == DIB_RAW_FREE ? DIB_RAW_FREE
+                                                              : DIB_RAW_REHASH;
+        }
+
+        /* Zero the area of newly added entries (including the old DIB area) */
+        memzero(bucket_at(h, old_n_buckets),
+               (n_buckets(h) - old_n_buckets) * hi->entry_size);
+
+        /* The upper half of the new DIB array needs initialization */
+        memset(&new_dibs[old_n_buckets], DIB_RAW_INIT,
+               (n_buckets(h) - old_n_buckets) * sizeof(dib_raw_t));
+
+        /* Rehash entries that need it */
+        n_rehashed = 0;
+        for (idx = 0; idx < old_n_buckets; idx++) {
+                if (new_dibs[idx] != DIB_RAW_REHASH)
+                        continue;
+
+                optimal_idx = bucket_hash(h, bucket_at(h, idx)->key);
+
+                /*
+                 * Not much to do if by luck the entry hashes to its current
+                 * location. Just set its DIB.
+                 */
+                if (optimal_idx == idx) {
+                        new_dibs[idx] = 0;
+                        n_rehashed++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                new_dibs[idx] = DIB_RAW_FREE;
+                bucket_move_entry(h, &swap, idx, IDX_PUT);
+                /* bucket_move_entry does not clear the source */
+                memzero(bucket_at(h, idx), hi->entry_size);
+
+                do {
+                        /*
+                         * Find the new bucket for the current entry. This may make
+                         * another entry homeless and load it into IDX_PUT.
+                         */
+                        rehash_next = hashmap_put_robin_hood(h, optimal_idx, &swap);
+                        n_rehashed++;
+
+                        /* Did the current entry displace another one? */
+                        if (rehash_next)
+                                optimal_idx = bucket_hash(h, bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p.b.key);
+                } while (rehash_next);
+        }
+
+        assert_se(n_rehashed == n_entries(h));
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds an entry with a matching key
+ * Returns: index of the found entry, or IDX_NIL if not found.
+ */
+static unsigned base_bucket_scan(HashmapBase *h, unsigned idx, const void *key) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned dib, distance;
+        dib_raw_t *dibs = dib_raw_ptr(h);
+
+        assert(idx < n_buckets(h));
+
+        for (distance = 0; ; distance++) {
+                if (dibs[idx] == DIB_RAW_FREE)
+                        return IDX_NIL;
+
+                dib = bucket_calculate_dib(h, idx, dibs[idx]);
+
+                if (dib < distance)
+                        return IDX_NIL;
+                if (dib == distance) {
+                        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+                        if (h->hash_ops->compare(e->key, key) == 0)
+                                return idx;
+                }
+
+                idx = next_idx(h, idx);
+        }
+}
+#define bucket_scan(h, idx, key) base_bucket_scan(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx, key)
+
+int hashmap_put(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx != IDX_NIL) {
+                e = plain_bucket_at(h, idx);
+                if (e->value == value)
+                        return 0;
+                return -EEXIST;
+        }
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p;
+        e->b.key = key;
+        e->value = value;
+        return hashmap_put_boldly(h, hash, &swap, true);
+}
+
+int set_put(Set *s, const void *key) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(s, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(s, hash, key);
+        if (idx != IDX_NIL)
+                return 0;
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p.b;
+        e->key = key;
+        return hashmap_put_boldly(s, hash, &swap, true);
+}
+
+int _set_ensure_put(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _set_ensure_allocated(s, hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return set_put(*s, key);
+}
+
+int _set_ensure_consume(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, void *key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _set_ensure_put(s, hash_ops, key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                if (hash_ops && hash_ops->free_key)
+                        hash_ops->free_key(key);
+                else
+                        free(key);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int hashmap_replace(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx != IDX_NIL) {
+                e = plain_bucket_at(h, idx);
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+                /* Although the key is equal, the key pointer may have changed,
+                 * and this would break our assumption for iterating. So count
+                 * this operation as incompatible with iteration. */
+                if (e->b.key != key) {
+                        h->b.debug.put_count++;
+                        h->b.debug.rem_count++;
+                        h->b.debug.last_rem_idx = idx;
+                }
+#endif
+                e->b.key = key;
+                e->value = value;
+                hashmap_set_dirty(h);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p;
+        e->b.key = key;
+        e->value = value;
+        return hashmap_put_boldly(h, hash, &swap, true);
+}
+
+int hashmap_update(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        e = plain_bucket_at(h, idx);
+        e->value = value;
+        hashmap_set_dirty(h);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_get(HashmapBase *h, const void *key) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+        return entry_value(h, e);
+}
+
+void* hashmap_get2(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void **key2) {
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = plain_bucket_at(h, idx);
+        if (key2)
+                *key2 = (void*) e->b.key;
+
+        return e->value;
+}
+
+bool _hashmap_contains(HashmapBase *h, const void *key) {
+        unsigned hash;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return false;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        return bucket_scan(h, hash, key) != IDX_NIL;
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_remove(HashmapBase *h, const void *key) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+        void *data;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+        data = entry_value(h, e);
+        remove_entry(h, idx);
+
+        return data;
+}
+
+void* hashmap_remove2(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void **rkey) {
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+        void *data;
+
+        if (!h) {
+                if (rkey)
+                        *rkey = NULL;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL) {
+                if (rkey)
+                        *rkey = NULL;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        e = plain_bucket_at(h, idx);
+        data = e->value;
+        if (rkey)
+                *rkey = (void*) e->b.key;
+
+        remove_entry(h, idx);
+
+        return data;
+}
+
+int hashmap_remove_and_put(Hashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned old_hash, new_hash, idx;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        old_hash = bucket_hash(h, old_key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, old_hash, old_key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        new_hash = bucket_hash(h, new_key);
+        if (bucket_scan(h, new_hash, new_key) != IDX_NIL)
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        remove_entry(h, idx);
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p;
+        e->b.key = new_key;
+        e->value = value;
+        assert_se(hashmap_put_boldly(h, new_hash, &swap, false) == 1);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int set_remove_and_put(Set *s, const void *old_key, const void *new_key) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned old_hash, new_hash, idx;
+
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        old_hash = bucket_hash(s, old_key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(s, old_hash, old_key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        new_hash = bucket_hash(s, new_key);
+        if (bucket_scan(s, new_hash, new_key) != IDX_NIL)
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        remove_entry(s, idx);
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p.b;
+        e->key = new_key;
+        assert_se(hashmap_put_boldly(s, new_hash, &swap, false) == 1);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int hashmap_remove_and_replace(Hashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct plain_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned old_hash, new_hash, idx_old, idx_new;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        old_hash = bucket_hash(h, old_key);
+        idx_old = bucket_scan(h, old_hash, old_key);
+        if (idx_old == IDX_NIL)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        old_key = bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx_old)->key;
+
+        new_hash = bucket_hash(h, new_key);
+        idx_new = bucket_scan(h, new_hash, new_key);
+        if (idx_new != IDX_NIL)
+                if (idx_old != idx_new) {
+                        remove_entry(h, idx_new);
+                        /* Compensate for a possible backward shift. */
+                        if (old_key != bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx_old)->key)
+                                idx_old = prev_idx(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx_old);
+                        assert(old_key == bucket_at(HASHMAP_BASE(h), idx_old)->key);
+                }
+
+        remove_entry(h, idx_old);
+
+        e = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p;
+        e->b.key = new_key;
+        e->value = value;
+        assert_se(hashmap_put_boldly(h, new_hash, &swap, false) == 1);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_remove_value(HashmapBase *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+        if (entry_value(h, e) != value)
+                return NULL;
+
+        remove_entry(h, idx);
+
+        return value;
+}
+
+static unsigned find_first_entry(HashmapBase *h) {
+        Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST;
+
+        if (!h || !n_entries(h))
+                return IDX_NIL;
+
+        return hashmap_iterate_entry(h, &i);
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HashmapBase *h, bool remove, void **ret_key) {
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+        void *key, *data;
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        idx = find_first_entry(h);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL) {
+                if (ret_key)
+                        *ret_key = NULL;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        e = bucket_at(h, idx);
+        key = (void*) e->key;
+        data = entry_value(h, e);
+
+        if (remove)
+                remove_entry(h, idx);
+
+        if (ret_key)
+                *ret_key = key;
+
+        return data;
+}
+
+unsigned _hashmap_size(HashmapBase *h) {
+        if (!h)
+                return 0;
+
+        return n_entries(h);
+}
+
+unsigned _hashmap_buckets(HashmapBase *h) {
+        if (!h)
+                return 0;
+
+        return n_buckets(h);
+}
+
+int _hashmap_merge(Hashmap *h, Hashmap *other) {
+        Iterator i;
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, HASHMAP_BASE(other), i) {
+                struct plain_hashmap_entry *pe = plain_bucket_at(other, idx);
+                int r;
+
+                r = hashmap_put(h, pe->b.key, pe->value);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int set_merge(Set *s, Set *other) {
+        Iterator i;
+        unsigned idx;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, HASHMAP_BASE(other), i) {
+                struct set_entry *se = set_bucket_at(other, idx);
+                int r;
+
+                r = set_put(s, se->b.key);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int _hashmap_reserve(HashmapBase *h, unsigned entries_add) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        r = resize_buckets(h, entries_add);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The same as hashmap_merge(), but every new item from other is moved to h.
+ * Keys already in h are skipped and stay in other.
+ * Returns: 0 on success.
+ *          -ENOMEM on alloc failure, in which case no move has been done.
+ */
+int _hashmap_move(HashmapBase *h, HashmapBase *other) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e, *n;
+        Iterator i;
+        unsigned idx;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        if (!other)
+                return 0;
+
+        assert(other->type == h->type);
+
+        /*
+         * This reserves buckets for the worst case, where none of other's
+         * entries are yet present in h. This is preferable to risking
+         * an allocation failure in the middle of the moving and having to
+         * rollback or return a partial result.
+         */
+        r = resize_buckets(h, n_entries(other));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, other, i) {
+                unsigned h_hash;
+
+                e = bucket_at(other, idx);
+                h_hash = bucket_hash(h, e->key);
+                if (bucket_scan(h, h_hash, e->key) != IDX_NIL)
+                        continue;
+
+                n = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p.b;
+                n->key = e->key;
+                if (h->type != HASHMAP_TYPE_SET)
+                        ((struct plain_hashmap_entry*) n)->value =
+                                ((struct plain_hashmap_entry*) e)->value;
+                assert_se(hashmap_put_boldly(h, h_hash, &swap, false) == 1);
+
+                remove_entry(other, idx);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int _hashmap_move_one(HashmapBase *h, HashmapBase *other, const void *key) {
+        struct swap_entries swap;
+        unsigned h_hash, other_hash, idx;
+        struct hashmap_base_entry *e, *n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        h_hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        if (bucket_scan(h, h_hash, key) != IDX_NIL)
+                return -EEXIST;
+
+        if (!other)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        assert(other->type == h->type);
+
+        other_hash = bucket_hash(other, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(other, other_hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        e = bucket_at(other, idx);
+
+        n = &bucket_at_swap(&swap, IDX_PUT)->p.b;
+        n->key = e->key;
+        if (h->type != HASHMAP_TYPE_SET)
+                ((struct plain_hashmap_entry*) n)->value =
+                        ((struct plain_hashmap_entry*) e)->value;
+        r = hashmap_put_boldly(h, h_hash, &swap, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        remove_entry(other, idx);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+HashmapBase* _hashmap_copy(HashmapBase *h  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        HashmapBase *copy;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(h);
+
+        copy = hashmap_base_new(h->hash_ops, h->type  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (!copy)
+                return NULL;
+
+        switch (h->type) {
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_PLAIN:
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_ORDERED:
+                r = hashmap_merge((Hashmap*)copy, (Hashmap*)h);
+                break;
+        case HASHMAP_TYPE_SET:
+                r = set_merge((Set*)copy, (Set*)h);
+                break;
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return _hashmap_free(copy, NULL, NULL);
+
+        return copy;
+}
+
+char** _hashmap_get_strv(HashmapBase *h) {
+        char **sv;
+        Iterator i;
+        unsigned idx, n;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return new0(char*, 1);
+
+        sv = new(char*, n_entries(h)+1);
+        if (!sv)
+                return NULL;
+
+        n = 0;
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, h, i)
+                sv[n++] = entry_value(h, bucket_at(h, idx));
+        sv[n] = NULL;
+
+        return sv;
+}
+
+void* ordered_hashmap_next(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        struct ordered_hashmap_entry *e;
+        unsigned hash, idx;
+
+        if (!h)
+                return NULL;
+
+        hash = bucket_hash(h, key);
+        idx = bucket_scan(h, hash, key);
+        if (idx == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = ordered_bucket_at(h, idx);
+        if (e->iterate_next == IDX_NIL)
+                return NULL;
+        return ordered_bucket_at(h, e->iterate_next)->p.value;
+}
+
+int set_consume(Set *s, void *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(value);
+
+        r = set_put(s, value);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                free(value);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int _hashmap_put_strdup_full(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const char *k, const char *v  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *kdup = NULL, *vdup = NULL;
+
+        kdup = strdup(k);
+        if (!kdup)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (v) {
+                vdup = strdup(v);
+                if (!vdup)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        r = hashmap_put(*h, kdup, vdup);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (r == -EEXIST && streq_ptr(v, hashmap_get(*h, kdup)))
+                        return 0;
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        /* 0 with non-null vdup would mean vdup is already in the hashmap, which cannot be */
+        assert(vdup == NULL || r > 0);
+        if (r > 0)
+                kdup = vdup = NULL;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int _set_put_strndup_full(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const char *p, size_t n  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        char *c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(p);
+
+        r = _set_ensure_allocated(s, hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (n == SIZE_MAX) {
+                if (set_contains(*s, (char*) p))
+                        return 0;
+
+                c = strdup(p);
+        } else
+                c = strndup(p, n);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return set_consume(*s, c);
+}
+
+int _set_put_strdupv_full(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, char **l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int n = 0, r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                r = _set_put_strndup_full(s, hash_ops, *i, SIZE_MAX  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                n += r;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+int set_put_strsplit(Set *s, const char *v, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags) {
+        const char *p = ASSERT_PTR(v);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *word;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, separators, flags);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = set_consume(s, word);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+/* expand the cachemem if needed, return true if newly (re)activated. */
+static int cachemem_maintain(CacheMem *mem, size_t size) {
+        assert(mem);
+
+        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(mem->ptr, size)) {
+                if (size > 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (!mem->active) {
+                mem->active = true;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int iterated_cache_get(IteratedCache *cache, const void ***res_keys, const void ***res_values, unsigned *res_n_entries) {
+        bool sync_keys = false, sync_values = false;
+        size_t size;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(cache);
+        assert(cache->hashmap);
+
+        size = n_entries(cache->hashmap);
+
+        if (res_keys) {
+                r = cachemem_maintain(&cache->keys, size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                sync_keys = r;
+        } else
+                cache->keys.active = false;
+
+        if (res_values) {
+                r = cachemem_maintain(&cache->values, size);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                sync_values = r;
+        } else
+                cache->values.active = false;
+
+        if (cache->hashmap->dirty) {
+                if (cache->keys.active)
+                        sync_keys = true;
+                if (cache->values.active)
+                        sync_values = true;
+
+                cache->hashmap->dirty = false;
+        }
+
+        if (sync_keys || sync_values) {
+                unsigned i, idx;
+                Iterator iter;
+
+                i = 0;
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH_IDX(idx, cache->hashmap, iter) {
+                        struct hashmap_base_entry *e;
+
+                        e = bucket_at(cache->hashmap, idx);
+
+                        if (sync_keys)
+                                cache->keys.ptr[i] = e->key;
+                        if (sync_values)
+                                cache->values.ptr[i] = entry_value(cache->hashmap, e);
+                        i++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (res_keys)
+                *res_keys = cache->keys.ptr;
+        if (res_values)
+                *res_values = cache->values.ptr;
+        if (res_n_entries)
+                *res_n_entries = size;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+IteratedCache* iterated_cache_free(IteratedCache *cache) {
+        if (cache) {
+                free(cache->keys.ptr);
+                free(cache->values.ptr);
+        }
+
+        return mfree(cache);
+}
+
+int set_strjoin(Set *s, const char *separator, bool wrap_with_separator, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *str = NULL;
+        size_t separator_len, len = 0;
+        const char *value;
+        bool first;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (set_isempty(s)) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        separator_len = strlen_ptr(separator);
+
+        if (separator_len == 0)
+                wrap_with_separator = false;
+
+        first = !wrap_with_separator;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(value, s) {
+                size_t l = strlen_ptr(value);
+
+                if (l == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(str, len + l + (first ? 0 : separator_len) + (wrap_with_separator ? separator_len : 0) + 1))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (separator_len > 0 && !first) {
+                        memcpy(str + len, separator, separator_len);
+                        len += separator_len;
+                }
+
+                memcpy(str + len, value, l);
+                len += l;
+                first = false;
+        }
+
+        if (wrap_with_separator) {
+                memcpy(str + len, separator, separator_len);
+                len += separator_len;
+        }
+
+        str[len] = '\0';
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(str);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool set_equal(Set *a, Set *b) {
+        void *p;
+
+        /* Checks whether each entry of 'a' is also in 'b' and vice versa, i.e. the two sets contain the same
+         * entries */
+
+        if (a == b)
+                return true;
+
+        if (set_isempty(a) && set_isempty(b))
+                return true;
+
+        if (set_size(a) != set_size(b)) /* Cheap check that hopefully catches a lot of inequality cases
+                                         * already */
+                return false;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(p, a)
+                if (!set_contains(b, p))
+                        return false;
+
+        /* If we have the same hashops, then we don't need to check things backwards given we compared the
+         * size and that all of a is in b. */
+        if (a->b.hash_ops == b->b.hash_ops)
+                return true;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(p, b)
+                if (!set_contains(a, p))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static bool set_fnmatch_one(Set *patterns, const char *needle) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(needle);
+
+        /* Any failure of fnmatch() is treated as equivalent to FNM_NOMATCH, i.e. as non-matching pattern */
+
+        SET_FOREACH(p, patterns)
+                if (fnmatch(p, needle, 0) == 0)
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool set_fnmatch(Set *include_patterns, Set *exclude_patterns, const char *needle) {
+        assert(needle);
+
+        if (set_fnmatch_one(exclude_patterns, needle))
+                return false;
+
+        if (set_isempty(include_patterns))
+                return true;
+
+        return set_fnmatch_one(include_patterns, needle);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hashmap.h b/src/basic/hashmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91b3fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hashmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "hash-funcs.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+/*
+ * A hash table implementation. As a minor optimization a NULL hashmap object
+ * will be treated as empty hashmap for all read operations. That way it is not
+ * necessary to instantiate an object for each Hashmap use.
+ *
+ * If ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP is defined (by configuring with -Ddebug-extra=hashmap),
+ * the implementation will:
+ * - store extra data for debugging and statistics (see tools/gdb-sd_dump_hashmaps.py)
+ * - perform extra checks for invalid use of iterators
+ */
+
+#define HASH_KEY_SIZE 16
+
+typedef void* (*hashmap_destroy_t)(void *p);
+
+/* The base type for all hashmap and set types. Many functions in the implementation take (HashmapBase*)
+ * parameters and are run-time polymorphic, though the API is not meant to be polymorphic (do not call
+ * underscore-prefixed functions directly). */
+typedef struct HashmapBase HashmapBase;
+
+/* Specific hashmap/set types */
+typedef struct Hashmap Hashmap;               /* Maps keys to values */
+typedef struct OrderedHashmap OrderedHashmap; /* Like Hashmap, but also remembers entry insertion order */
+typedef struct Set Set;                       /* Stores just keys */
+
+typedef struct IteratedCache IteratedCache;   /* Caches the iterated order of one of the above */
+
+/* Ideally the Iterator would be an opaque struct, but it is instantiated
+ * by hashmap users, so the definition has to be here. Do not use its fields
+ * directly. */
+typedef struct {
+        unsigned idx;         /* index of an entry to be iterated next */
+        const void *next_key; /* expected value of that entry's key pointer */
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+        unsigned put_count;   /* hashmap's put_count recorded at start of iteration */
+        unsigned rem_count;   /* hashmap's rem_count in previous iteration */
+        unsigned prev_idx;    /* idx in previous iteration */
+#endif
+} Iterator;
+
+#define _IDX_ITERATOR_FIRST (UINT_MAX - 1)
+#define ITERATOR_FIRST ((Iterator) { .idx = _IDX_ITERATOR_FIRST, .next_key = NULL })
+#define ITERATOR_IS_FIRST(i) ((i).idx == _IDX_ITERATOR_FIRST)
+
+/* Macros for type checking */
+#define PTR_COMPATIBLE_WITH_HASHMAP_BASE(h) \
+        (__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), HashmapBase*) || \
+         __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), Hashmap*) || \
+         __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), OrderedHashmap*) || \
+         __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), Set*))
+
+#define PTR_COMPATIBLE_WITH_PLAIN_HASHMAP(h) \
+        (__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), Hashmap*) || \
+         __builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(h), OrderedHashmap*)) \
+
+#define HASHMAP_BASE(h) \
+        __builtin_choose_expr(PTR_COMPATIBLE_WITH_HASHMAP_BASE(h), \
+                (HashmapBase*)(h), \
+                (void)0)
+
+#define PLAIN_HASHMAP(h) \
+        __builtin_choose_expr(PTR_COMPATIBLE_WITH_PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), \
+                (Hashmap*)(h), \
+                (void)0)
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS , const char *func, const char *file, int line
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS   , __func__, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS   , func, file, line
+#else
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS
+# define HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS
+#endif
+
+Hashmap* _hashmap_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+OrderedHashmap* _ordered_hashmap_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define hashmap_new(ops) _hashmap_new(ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define ordered_hashmap_new(ops) _ordered_hashmap_new(ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+#define hashmap_free_and_replace(a, b)          \
+        free_and_replace_full(a, b, hashmap_free)
+
+HashmapBase* _hashmap_free(HashmapBase *h, free_func_t default_free_key, free_func_t default_free_value);
+static inline Hashmap* hashmap_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, NULL);
+}
+static inline OrderedHashmap* ordered_hashmap_free(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline Hashmap* hashmap_free_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, free);
+}
+static inline OrderedHashmap* ordered_hashmap_free_free(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, free);
+}
+
+static inline Hashmap* hashmap_free_free_key(Hashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, NULL);
+}
+static inline OrderedHashmap* ordered_hashmap_free_free_key(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline Hashmap* hashmap_free_free_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, free);
+}
+static inline OrderedHashmap* ordered_hashmap_free_free_free(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return (void*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, free);
+}
+
+IteratedCache* iterated_cache_free(IteratedCache *cache);
+int iterated_cache_get(IteratedCache *cache, const void ***res_keys, const void ***res_values, unsigned *res_n_entries);
+
+HashmapBase* _hashmap_copy(HashmapBase *h  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define hashmap_copy(h) ((Hashmap*) _hashmap_copy(HASHMAP_BASE(h)  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS))
+#define ordered_hashmap_copy(h) ((OrderedHashmap*) _hashmap_copy(HASHMAP_BASE(h)  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS))
+
+int _hashmap_ensure_allocated(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+int _hashmap_ensure_put(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key, void *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+int _ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(OrderedHashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+
+#define hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, ops) _hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define hashmap_ensure_put(s, ops, key, value) _hashmap_ensure_put(s, ops, key, value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, ops) _ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int _ordered_hashmap_ensure_put(OrderedHashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key, void *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define ordered_hashmap_ensure_put(s, ops, key, value) _ordered_hashmap_ensure_put(s, ops, key, value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+IteratedCache* _hashmap_iterated_cache_new(HashmapBase *h);
+static inline IteratedCache* hashmap_iterated_cache_new(Hashmap *h) {
+        return (IteratedCache*) _hashmap_iterated_cache_new(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+static inline IteratedCache* ordered_hashmap_iterated_cache_new(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return (IteratedCache*) _hashmap_iterated_cache_new(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+
+int hashmap_put(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value);
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_put(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_put(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, value);
+}
+
+int _hashmap_put_strdup_full(Hashmap **h, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const char *k, const char *v  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define hashmap_put_strdup_full(h, hash_ops, k, v) _hashmap_put_strdup_full(h, hash_ops, k, v  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define hashmap_put_strdup(h, k, v) hashmap_put_strdup_full(h, &string_hash_ops_free_free, k, v)
+
+int hashmap_update(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value);
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_update(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_update(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, value);
+}
+
+int hashmap_replace(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value);
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_replace(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_replace(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, value);
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_get(HashmapBase *h, const void *key);
+static inline void *hashmap_get(Hashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_get(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_get(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_get(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+
+void* hashmap_get2(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void **rkey);
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_get2(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void **rkey) {
+        return hashmap_get2(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, rkey);
+}
+
+bool _hashmap_contains(HashmapBase *h, const void *key);
+static inline bool hashmap_contains(Hashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_contains(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+static inline bool ordered_hashmap_contains(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_contains(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_remove(HashmapBase *h, const void *key);
+static inline void *hashmap_remove(Hashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_remove(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_remove(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_remove(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key);
+}
+
+void* hashmap_remove2(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void **rkey);
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_remove2(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void **rkey) {
+        return hashmap_remove2(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, rkey);
+}
+
+void* _hashmap_remove_value(HashmapBase *h, const void *key, void *value);
+static inline void *hashmap_remove_value(Hashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        return _hashmap_remove_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), key, value);
+}
+
+static inline void* ordered_hashmap_remove_value(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_remove_value(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), key, value);
+}
+
+int hashmap_remove_and_put(Hashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value);
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_remove_and_put(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_remove_and_put(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), old_key, new_key, value);
+}
+
+int hashmap_remove_and_replace(Hashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value);
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_remove_and_replace(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *old_key, const void *new_key, void *value) {
+        return hashmap_remove_and_replace(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), old_key, new_key, value);
+}
+
+/* Since merging data from an OrderedHashmap into a Hashmap or vice-versa
+ * should just work, allow this by having looser type-checking here. */
+int _hashmap_merge(Hashmap *h, Hashmap *other);
+#define hashmap_merge(h, other) _hashmap_merge(PLAIN_HASHMAP(h), PLAIN_HASHMAP(other))
+#define ordered_hashmap_merge(h, other) hashmap_merge(h, other)
+
+int _hashmap_reserve(HashmapBase *h, unsigned entries_add);
+static inline int hashmap_reserve(Hashmap *h, unsigned entries_add) {
+        return _hashmap_reserve(HASHMAP_BASE(h), entries_add);
+}
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_reserve(OrderedHashmap *h, unsigned entries_add) {
+        return _hashmap_reserve(HASHMAP_BASE(h), entries_add);
+}
+
+int _hashmap_move(HashmapBase *h, HashmapBase *other);
+/* Unlike hashmap_merge, hashmap_move does not allow mixing the types. */
+static inline int hashmap_move(Hashmap *h, Hashmap *other) {
+        return _hashmap_move(HASHMAP_BASE(h), HASHMAP_BASE(other));
+}
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_move(OrderedHashmap *h, OrderedHashmap *other) {
+        return _hashmap_move(HASHMAP_BASE(h), HASHMAP_BASE(other));
+}
+
+int _hashmap_move_one(HashmapBase *h, HashmapBase *other, const void *key);
+static inline int hashmap_move_one(Hashmap *h, Hashmap *other, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_move_one(HASHMAP_BASE(h), HASHMAP_BASE(other), key);
+}
+static inline int ordered_hashmap_move_one(OrderedHashmap *h, OrderedHashmap *other, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_move_one(HASHMAP_BASE(h), HASHMAP_BASE(other), key);
+}
+
+unsigned _hashmap_size(HashmapBase *h) _pure_;
+static inline unsigned hashmap_size(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_size(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+static inline unsigned ordered_hashmap_size(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_size(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+
+static inline bool hashmap_isempty(Hashmap *h) {
+        return hashmap_size(h) == 0;
+}
+static inline bool ordered_hashmap_isempty(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_size(h) == 0;
+}
+
+unsigned _hashmap_buckets(HashmapBase *h) _pure_;
+static inline unsigned hashmap_buckets(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_buckets(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+static inline unsigned ordered_hashmap_buckets(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_buckets(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+
+bool _hashmap_iterate(HashmapBase *h, Iterator *i, void **value, const void **key);
+static inline bool hashmap_iterate(Hashmap *h, Iterator *i, void **value, const void **key) {
+        return _hashmap_iterate(HASHMAP_BASE(h), i, value, key);
+}
+static inline bool ordered_hashmap_iterate(OrderedHashmap *h, Iterator *i, void **value, const void **key) {
+        return _hashmap_iterate(HASHMAP_BASE(h), i, value, key);
+}
+
+void _hashmap_clear(HashmapBase *h, free_func_t default_free_key, free_func_t default_free_value);
+static inline void hashmap_clear(Hashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, NULL);
+}
+static inline void ordered_hashmap_clear(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void hashmap_clear_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, free);
+}
+static inline void ordered_hashmap_clear_free(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), NULL, free);
+}
+
+static inline void hashmap_clear_free_key(Hashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, NULL);
+}
+static inline void ordered_hashmap_clear_free_key(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void hashmap_clear_free_free(Hashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, free);
+}
+static inline void ordered_hashmap_clear_free_free(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(h), free, free);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note about all *_first*() functions
+ *
+ * For plain Hashmaps and Sets the order of entries is undefined.
+ * The functions find whatever entry is first in the implementation
+ * internal order.
+ *
+ * Only for OrderedHashmaps the order is well defined and finding
+ * the first entry is O(1).
+ */
+
+void *_hashmap_first_key_and_value(HashmapBase *h, bool remove, void **ret_key);
+static inline void *hashmap_steal_first_key_and_value(Hashmap *h, void **ret) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true, ret);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_steal_first_key_and_value(OrderedHashmap *h, void **ret) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true, ret);
+}
+static inline void *hashmap_first_key_and_value(Hashmap *h, void **ret) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false, ret);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_first_key_and_value(OrderedHashmap *h, void **ret) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false, ret);
+}
+
+static inline void *hashmap_steal_first(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true, NULL);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_steal_first(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true, NULL);
+}
+static inline void *hashmap_first(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false, NULL);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_first(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void *_hashmap_first_key(HashmapBase *h, bool remove) {
+        void *key = NULL;
+
+        (void) _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(h), remove, &key);
+        return key;
+}
+static inline void *hashmap_steal_first_key(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_steal_first_key(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key(HASHMAP_BASE(h), true);
+}
+static inline void *hashmap_first_key(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false);
+}
+static inline void *ordered_hashmap_first_key(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key(HASHMAP_BASE(h), false);
+}
+
+#define hashmap_clear_with_destructor(h, f)                     \
+        ({                                                      \
+                Hashmap *_h = (h);                              \
+                void *_item;                                    \
+                while ((_item = hashmap_steal_first(_h)))       \
+                        f(_item);                               \
+                _h;                                             \
+        })
+#define hashmap_free_with_destructor(h, f)                      \
+        hashmap_free(hashmap_clear_with_destructor(h, f))
+#define ordered_hashmap_clear_with_destructor(h, f)                     \
+        ({                                                              \
+                OrderedHashmap *_h = (h);                               \
+                void *_item;                                            \
+                while ((_item = ordered_hashmap_steal_first(_h)))       \
+                        f(_item);                                       \
+                _h;                                                     \
+        })
+#define ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(h, f)                      \
+        ordered_hashmap_free(ordered_hashmap_clear_with_destructor(h, f))
+
+/* no hashmap_next */
+void* ordered_hashmap_next(OrderedHashmap *h, const void *key);
+
+char** _hashmap_get_strv(HashmapBase *h);
+static inline char** hashmap_get_strv(Hashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_get_strv(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+static inline char** ordered_hashmap_get_strv(OrderedHashmap *h) {
+        return _hashmap_get_strv(HASHMAP_BASE(h));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hashmaps are iterated in unpredictable order.
+ * OrderedHashmaps are an exception to this. They are iterated in the order
+ * the entries were inserted.
+ * It is safe to remove the current entry.
+ */
+#define _HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; hashmap_iterate((h), &i, (void**)&(e), NULL); )
+#define HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h) \
+        _HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define _ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; ordered_hashmap_iterate((h), &i, (void**)&(e), NULL); )
+#define ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h) \
+        _ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(e, h, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define _HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; hashmap_iterate((h), &i, (void**)&(e), (const void**) &(k)); )
+#define HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h) \
+        _HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define _ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; ordered_hashmap_iterate((h), &i, (void**)&(e), (const void**) &(k)); )
+#define ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h) \
+        _ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(e, k, h, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Hashmap*, hashmap_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Hashmap*, hashmap_free_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Hashmap*, hashmap_free_free_key);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Hashmap*, hashmap_free_free_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedHashmap*, ordered_hashmap_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedHashmap*, ordered_hashmap_free_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedHashmap*, ordered_hashmap_free_free_key);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedHashmap*, ordered_hashmap_free_free_free);
+
+#define _cleanup_hashmap_free_ _cleanup_(hashmap_freep)
+#define _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ _cleanup_(hashmap_free_freep)
+#define _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_free_ _cleanup_(hashmap_free_free_freep)
+#define _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_ _cleanup_(ordered_hashmap_freep)
+#define _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_free_ _cleanup_(ordered_hashmap_free_freep)
+#define _cleanup_ordered_hashmap_free_free_free_ _cleanup_(ordered_hashmap_free_free_freep)
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(IteratedCache*, iterated_cache_free);
+
+#define _cleanup_iterated_cache_free_ _cleanup_(iterated_cache_freep)
diff --git a/src/basic/hexdecoct.c b/src/basic/hexdecoct.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ff8eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hexdecoct.c
@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+char octchar(int x) {
+        return '0' + (x & 7);
+}
+
+int unoctchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char decchar(int x) {
+        return '0' + (x % 10);
+}
+
+int undecchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char hexchar(int x) {
+        static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+        return table[x & 15];
+}
+
+int unhexchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                return c - 'a' + 10;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                return c - 'A' + 10;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        const uint8_t *x;
+        char *r, *z;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+
+        z = r = new(char, l * 2 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x && x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int unhex_next(const char **p, size_t *l) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(l);
+
+        /* Find the next non-whitespace character, and decode it. We
+         * greedily skip all preceding and all following whitespace. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (*l == 0)
+                        return -EPIPE;
+
+                if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, **p))
+                        break;
+
+                /* Skip leading whitespace */
+                (*p)++, (*l)--;
+        }
+
+        r = unhexchar(**p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                (*p)++, (*l)--;
+
+                if (*l == 0 || !strchr(WHITESPACE, **p))
+                        break;
+
+                /* Skip following whitespace */
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unhexmem_full(const char *p, size_t l, bool secure, void **ret, size_t *ret_len) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+        size_t buf_size;
+        const char *x;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+
+        if (l == SIZE_MAX)
+                l = strlen(p);
+
+        /* Note that the calculation of memory size is an upper boundary, as we ignore whitespace while decoding */
+        buf_size = (l + 1) / 2 + 1;
+        buf = malloc(buf_size);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p, z = buf;;) {
+                int a, b;
+
+                a = unhex_next(&x, &l);
+                if (a == -EPIPE) /* End of string */
+                        break;
+                if (a < 0) {
+                        r = a;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                b = unhex_next(&x, &l);
+                if (b < 0) {
+                        r = b;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        if (ret_len)
+                *ret_len = (size_t) (z - buf);
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+
+        return 0;
+
+on_failure:
+        if (secure)
+                explicit_bzero_safe(buf, buf_size);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-6
+ * Notice that base32hex differs from base32 in the alphabet it uses.
+ * The distinction is that the base32hex representation preserves the
+ * order of the underlying data when compared as bytestrings, this is
+ * useful when representing NSEC3 hashes, as one can then verify the
+ * order of hashes directly from their representation. */
+char base32hexchar(int x) {
+        static const char table[32] = "0123456789"
+                                      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV";
+
+        return table[x & 31];
+}
+
+int unbase32hexchar(char c) {
+        unsigned offset;
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        offset = '9' - '0' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'V')
+                return c - 'A' + offset;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding) {
+        char *r, *z;
+        const uint8_t *x;
+        size_t len;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+
+        if (padding)
+                /* five input bytes makes eight output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
+                len = 8 * (l + 4) / 5;
+        else {
+                /* same, but round down as there is no padding */
+                len = 8 * l / 5;
+
+                switch (l % 5) {
+                case 4:
+                        len += 7;
+                        break;
+                case 3:
+                        len += 5;
+                        break;
+                case 2:
+                        len += 4;
+                        break;
+                case 1:
+                        len += 2;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 5) * 5; x += 5) {
+                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ
+                 * x[3] == QQQQQQQQ; x[4] == WWWWWWWW */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);  /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3 | x[4] >> 5);  /* 000QQWWW */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[4] & 31));                  /* 000WWWWW */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 5) {
+        case 4:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);   /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3);              /* 000QQ000 */
+                if (padding)
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+
+        case 3:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4); /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1);            /* 000ZZZZ0 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case 2:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4);             /* 000Y0000 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case 1:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);       /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2); /* 000XXX00 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *_len) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
+        int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        const char *x;
+        size_t len;
+        unsigned pad = 0;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+        assert(mem);
+        assert(_len);
+
+        if (l == SIZE_MAX)
+                l = strlen(p);
+
+        /* padding ensures any base32hex input has input divisible by 8 */
+        if (padding && l % 8 != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (padding) {
+                /* strip the padding */
+                while (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=' && pad < 7) {
+                        pad++;
+                        l--;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* a group of eight input bytes needs five output bytes, in case of
+         * padding we need to add some extra bytes */
+        len = (l / 8) * 5;
+
+        switch (l % 8) {
+        case 7:
+                len += 4;
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                len += 3;
+                break;
+        case 4:
+                len += 2;
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                len += 1;
+                break;
+        case 0:
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p; x < p + (l / 8) * 8; x += 8) {
+                /* a == 000XXXXX; b == 000YYYYY; c == 000ZZZZZ; d == 000WWWWW
+                 * e == 000SSSSS; f == 000QQQQQ; g == 000VVVVV; h == 000RRRRR */
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
+                if (f < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
+                if (g < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                h = unbase32hexchar(x[7]);
+                if (h < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) g << 5 | (uint8_t) h;                         /* VVVRRRRR */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 8) {
+        case 7:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
+                if (f < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
+                if (g < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* g == 000VV000 */
+                if (g & 7)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
+
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* e == 000SSSS0 */
+                if (e & 1)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+
+                break;
+        case 4:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* d == 000W0000 */
+                if (d & 15)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* b == 000YYY00 */
+                if (b & 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2; /* XXXXXYYY */
+
+                break;
+        case 0:
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        *mem = TAKE_PTR(r);
+        *_len = len;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-4 */
+char base64char(int x) {
+        static const char table[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                                      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                                      "0123456789+/";
+        return table[x & 63];
+}
+
+/* This is almost base64char(), but not entirely, as it uses the "url and filename safe" alphabet,
+ * since we don't want "/" appear in interface names (since interfaces appear in sysfs as filenames).
+ * See section #5 of RFC 4648. */
+char urlsafe_base64char(int x) {
+        static const char table[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                                      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                                      "0123456789-_";
+        return table[x & 63];
+}
+
+int unbase64char(char c) {
+        unsigned offset;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+                return c - 'A';
+
+        offset = 'Z' - 'A' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+                return c - 'a' + offset;
+
+        offset += 'z' - 'a' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0' + offset;
+
+        offset += '9' - '0' + 1;
+
+        if (c == '+')
+                return offset;
+
+        offset++;
+
+        if (c == '/')
+                return offset;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static void maybe_line_break(char **x, char *start, size_t line_break) {
+        size_t n;
+
+        assert(x);
+        assert(*x);
+        assert(start);
+        assert(*x >= start);
+
+        if (line_break == SIZE_MAX)
+                return;
+
+        n = *x - start;
+
+        if (n % (line_break + 1) == line_break)
+                *((*x)++) = '\n';
+}
+
+ssize_t base64mem_full(
+                const void *p,
+                size_t l,
+                size_t line_break,
+                char **out) {
+
+        const uint8_t *x;
+        char *r, *z;
+        size_t m;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+        assert(out);
+        assert(line_break > 0);
+
+        /* three input bytes makes four output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
+        m = 4 * (l + 2) / 3 + 1;
+
+        if (line_break != SIZE_MAX)
+                m += m / line_break;
+
+        z = r = malloc(m);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p; x && x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 3) * 3; x += 3) {
+                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                    /* 00XXXXXX */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4);  /* 00XXYYYY */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2 | x[2] >> 6); /* 00YYYYZZ */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[2] & 63);                    /* 00ZZZZZZ */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 3) {
+        case 2:
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                   /* 00XXXXXX */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4); /* 00XXYYYY */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2);            /* 00YYYY00 */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+        case 1:
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);        /* 00XXXXXX */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4);  /* 00XX0000 */
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = '=';
+                maybe_line_break(&z, r, line_break);
+                *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        *out = r;
+        assert(z >= r); /* Let static analyzers know that the answer is non-negative. */
+        return z - r;
+}
+
+static ssize_t base64_append_width(
+                char **prefix,
+                size_t plen,
+                char sep,
+                size_t indent,
+                const void *p,
+                size_t l,
+                size_t width) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL;
+        char *t, *s;
+        size_t lines;
+        ssize_t len;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(*prefix || plen == 0);
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+
+        len = base64mem(p, l, &x);
+        if (len < 0)
+                return len;
+        if (len == 0)
+                return plen;
+
+        lines = DIV_ROUND_UP(len, width);
+
+        if (plen >= SSIZE_MAX - 1 - 1 ||
+            lines > (SSIZE_MAX - plen - 1 - 1) / (indent + width + 1))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        t = realloc(*prefix, plen + 1 + 1 + (indent + width + 1) * lines);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        s = t + plen;
+        for (size_t line = 0; line < lines; line++) {
+                size_t act = MIN(width, (size_t) len);
+
+                if (line > 0)
+                        sep = '\n';
+
+                if (s > t) {
+                        *s++ = sep;
+                        if (sep == '\n')
+                                s = mempset(s, ' ', indent);
+                }
+
+                s = mempcpy(s, x + width * line, act);
+                len -= act;
+        }
+        assert(len == 0);
+
+        *s = '\0';
+        *prefix = t;
+        return s - t;
+}
+
+ssize_t base64_append(
+                char **prefix,
+                size_t plen,
+                const void *p,
+                size_t l,
+                size_t indent,
+                size_t width) {
+
+        if (plen > width / 2 || plen + indent > width)
+                /* leave indent on the left, keep last column free */
+                return base64_append_width(prefix, plen, '\n', indent, p, l, width - indent);
+        else
+                /* leave plen on the left, keep last column free */
+                return base64_append_width(prefix, plen, ' ', plen + 1, p, l, width - plen - 1);
+}
+
+static int unbase64_next(const char **p, size_t *l) {
+        int ret;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(l);
+
+        /* Find the next non-whitespace character, and decode it. If we find padding, we return it as INT_MAX. We
+         * greedily skip all preceding and all following whitespace. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (*l == 0)
+                        return -EPIPE;
+
+                if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, **p))
+                        break;
+
+                /* Skip leading whitespace */
+                (*p)++, (*l)--;
+        }
+
+        if (**p == '=')
+                ret = INT_MAX; /* return padding as INT_MAX */
+        else {
+                ret = unbase64char(**p);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        return ret;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                (*p)++, (*l)--;
+
+                if (*l == 0)
+                        break;
+                if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, **p))
+                        break;
+
+                /* Skip following whitespace */
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int unbase64mem_full(const char *p, size_t l, bool secure, void **ret, size_t *ret_size) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+        const char *x;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        size_t len;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p || l == 0);
+
+        if (l == SIZE_MAX)
+                l = strlen(p);
+
+        /* A group of four input bytes needs three output bytes, in case of padding we need to add two or three extra
+         * bytes. Note that this calculation is an upper boundary, as we ignore whitespace while decoding */
+        len = (l / 4) * 3 + (l % 4 != 0 ? (l % 4) - 1 : 0);
+
+        buf = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p, z = buf;;) {
+                int a, b, c, d; /* a == 00XXXXXX; b == 00YYYYYY; c == 00ZZZZZZ; d == 00WWWWWW */
+
+                a = unbase64_next(&x, &l);
+                if (a == -EPIPE) /* End of string */
+                        break;
+                if (a < 0) {
+                        r = a;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+                if (a == INT_MAX) { /* Padding is not allowed at the beginning of a 4ch block */
+                        r = -EINVAL;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                b = unbase64_next(&x, &l);
+                if (b < 0) {
+                        r = b;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+                if (b == INT_MAX) { /* Padding is not allowed at the second character of a 4ch block either */
+                        r = -EINVAL;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                c = unbase64_next(&x, &l);
+                if (c < 0) {
+                        r = c;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                d = unbase64_next(&x, &l);
+                if (d < 0) {
+                        r = d;
+                        goto on_failure;
+                }
+
+                if (c == INT_MAX) { /* Padding at the third character */
+
+                        if (d != INT_MAX) { /* If the third character is padding, the fourth must be too */
+                                r = -EINVAL;
+                                goto on_failure;
+                        }
+
+                        /* b == 00YY0000 */
+                        if (b & 15) {
+                                r = -EINVAL;
+                                goto on_failure;
+                        }
+
+                        if (l > 0) { /* Trailing rubbish? */
+                                r = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+                                goto on_failure;
+                        }
+
+                        *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) (b >> 4); /* XXXXXXYY */
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (d == INT_MAX) {
+                        /* c == 00ZZZZ00 */
+                        if (c & 3) {
+                                r = -EINVAL;
+                                goto on_failure;
+                        }
+
+                        if (l > 0) { /* Trailing rubbish? */
+                                r = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+                                goto on_failure;
+                        }
+
+                        *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
+                        *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) c << 6 | (uint8_t) d;      /* ZZWWWWWW */
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        if (ret_size)
+                *ret_size = (size_t) (z - buf);
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+
+        return 0;
+
+on_failure:
+        if (secure)
+                explicit_bzero_safe(buf, len);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
+        const uint8_t *b = p;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+
+        assert(b || s == 0);
+
+        if (!f)
+                f = stdout;
+
+        while (s > 0) {
+                size_t i;
+
+                fprintf(f, "%04x  ", n);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+                        if (i >= s)
+                                fputs("   ", f);
+                        else
+                                fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
+
+                        if (i == 7)
+                                fputc(' ', f);
+                }
+
+                fputc(' ', f);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+                        if (i >= s)
+                                fputc(' ', f);
+                        else
+                                fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
+                }
+
+                fputc('\n', f);
+
+                if (s < 16)
+                        break;
+
+                n += 16;
+                b += 16;
+                s -= 16;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hexdecoct.h b/src/basic/hexdecoct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..319b21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hexdecoct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+char octchar(int x) _const_;
+int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char decchar(int x) _const_;
+int undecchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char hexchar(int x) _const_;
+int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
+int unhexmem_full(const char *p, size_t l, bool secure, void **mem, size_t *len);
+static inline int unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len) {
+        return unhexmem_full(p, l, false, mem, len);
+}
+
+char base32hexchar(int x) _const_;
+int unbase32hexchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char base64char(int x) _const_;
+char urlsafe_base64char(int x) _const_;
+int unbase64char(char c) _const_;
+
+char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding);
+int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *len);
+
+ssize_t base64mem_full(const void *p, size_t l, size_t line_break, char **ret);
+static inline ssize_t base64mem(const void *p, size_t l, char **ret) {
+        return base64mem_full(p, l, SIZE_MAX, ret);
+}
+
+ssize_t base64_append(
+                char **prefix,
+                size_t plen,
+                const void *p,
+                size_t l,
+                size_t margin,
+                size_t width);
+int unbase64mem_full(const char *p, size_t l, bool secure, void **mem, size_t *len);
+static inline int unbase64mem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len) {
+        return unbase64mem_full(p, l, false, mem, len);
+}
+
+void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s);
diff --git a/src/basic/hmac.c b/src/basic/hmac.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5f66d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hmac.c
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hmac.h"
+#include "sha256.h"
+
+#define HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE 64
+#define INNER_PADDING_BYTE 0x36
+#define OUTER_PADDING_BYTE 0x5c
+
+void hmac_sha256(const void *key,
+                 size_t key_size,
+                 const void *input,
+                 size_t input_size,
+                 uint8_t res[static SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE]) {
+
+        uint8_t inner_padding[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE] = { };
+        uint8_t outer_padding[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE] = { };
+        uint8_t replacement_key[SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE];
+        struct sha256_ctx hash;
+
+        assert(key);
+        assert(key_size > 0);
+        assert(res);
+
+        /* Implement algorithm as described by FIPS 198. */
+
+        /* The key needs to be block size length or less, hash it if it's longer. */
+        if (key_size > HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+                sha256_direct(key, key_size, replacement_key);
+                key = replacement_key;
+                key_size = SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE;
+        }
+
+        /* First, copy the key into the padding arrays. If it's shorter than
+         * the block size, the arrays are already initialized to 0. */
+        memcpy(inner_padding, key, key_size);
+        memcpy(outer_padding, key, key_size);
+
+        /* Then, XOR the provided key and any padding leftovers with the fixed
+         * padding bytes as defined in FIPS 198. */
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
+                inner_padding[i] ^= INNER_PADDING_BYTE;
+                outer_padding[i] ^= OUTER_PADDING_BYTE;
+        }
+
+        /* First pass: hash the inner padding array and the input. */
+        sha256_init_ctx(&hash);
+        sha256_process_bytes(inner_padding, HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE, &hash);
+        sha256_process_bytes(input, input_size, &hash);
+        sha256_finish_ctx(&hash, res);
+
+        /* Second pass: hash the outer padding array and the result of the first pass. */
+        sha256_init_ctx(&hash);
+        sha256_process_bytes(outer_padding, HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE, &hash);
+        sha256_process_bytes(res, SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE, &hash);
+        sha256_finish_ctx(&hash, res);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hmac.h b/src/basic/hmac.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e58c183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hmac.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "sha256.h"
+
+/* Unoptimized implementation based on FIPS 198. 'res' has to be allocated by
+ * the caller. Prefer external OpenSSL functions, and use this only when
+ * linking to OpenSSL is not desirable (eg: libsystemd.so). */
+void hmac_sha256(const void *key, size_t key_size, const void *input, size_t input_size, uint8_t res[static SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE]);
diff --git a/src/basic/hostname-util.c b/src/basic/hostname-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b710f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hostname-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+char* get_default_hostname(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        const char *e = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_DEFAULT_HOSTNAME");
+        if (e) {
+                if (hostname_is_valid(e, 0))
+                        return strdup(e);
+                log_debug("Invalid hostname in $SYSTEMD_DEFAULT_HOSTNAME, ignoring: %s", e);
+        }
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *f = NULL;
+        r = parse_os_release(NULL, "DEFAULT_HOSTNAME", &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse os-release, ignoring: %m");
+        else if (f) {
+                if (hostname_is_valid(f, 0))
+                        return TAKE_PTR(f);
+                log_debug("Invalid hostname in os-release, ignoring: %s", f);
+        }
+
+        return strdup(FALLBACK_HOSTNAME);
+}
+
+int gethostname_full(GetHostnameFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL, *fallback = NULL;
+        struct utsname u;
+        const char *s;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
+
+        s = u.nodename;
+        if (isempty(s) || streq(s, "(none)") ||
+            (!FLAGS_SET(flags, GET_HOSTNAME_ALLOW_LOCALHOST) && is_localhost(s)) ||
+            (FLAGS_SET(flags, GET_HOSTNAME_SHORT) && s[0] == '.')) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, GET_HOSTNAME_FALLBACK_DEFAULT))
+                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                s = fallback = get_default_hostname();
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, GET_HOSTNAME_SHORT) && s[0] == '.')
+                        return -ENXIO;
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, GET_HOSTNAME_SHORT))
+                buf = strndup(s, strcspn(s, "."));
+        else
+                buf = strdup(s);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(buf);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool valid_ldh_char(char c) {
+        /* "LDH" → "Letters, digits, hyphens", as per RFC 5890, Section 2.3.1 */
+
+        return ascii_isalpha(c) ||
+                ascii_isdigit(c) ||
+                c == '-';
+}
+
+bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s, ValidHostnameFlags flags) {
+        unsigned n_dots = 0;
+        const char *p;
+        bool dot, hyphen;
+
+        /* Check if s looks like a valid hostname or FQDN. This does not do full DNS validation, but only
+         * checks if the name is composed of allowed characters and the length is not above the maximum
+         * allowed by Linux (c.f. dns_name_is_valid()). A trailing dot is allowed if
+         * VALID_HOSTNAME_TRAILING_DOT flag is set and at least two components are present in the name. Note
+         * that due to the restricted charset and length this call is substantially more conservative than
+         * dns_name_is_valid(). Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with leading dots, and hostnames
+         * with multiple dots in a sequence. Doesn't allow hyphens at the beginning or end of label. */
+
+        if (isempty(s))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(s, ".host")) /* Used by the container logic to denote the "root container" */
+                return FLAGS_SET(flags, VALID_HOSTNAME_DOT_HOST);
+
+        for (p = s, dot = hyphen = true; *p; p++)
+                if (*p == '.') {
+                        if (dot || hyphen)
+                                return false;
+
+                        dot = true;
+                        hyphen = false;
+                        n_dots++;
+
+                } else if (*p == '-') {
+                        if (dot)
+                                return false;
+
+                        dot = false;
+                        hyphen = true;
+
+                } else {
+                        if (!valid_ldh_char(*p))
+                                return false;
+
+                        dot = false;
+                        hyphen = false;
+                }
+
+        if (dot && (n_dots < 2 || !FLAGS_SET(flags, VALID_HOSTNAME_TRAILING_DOT)))
+                return false;
+        if (hyphen)
+                return false;
+
+        if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX) /* Note that HOST_NAME_MAX is 64 on Linux, but DNS allows domain names up to
+                                  * 255 characters */
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
+        char *p, *d;
+        bool dot, hyphen;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        for (p = s, d = s, dot = hyphen = true; *p && d - s < HOST_NAME_MAX; p++)
+                if (*p == '.') {
+                        if (dot || hyphen)
+                                continue;
+
+                        *(d++) = '.';
+                        dot = true;
+                        hyphen = false;
+
+                } else if (*p == '-') {
+                        if (dot)
+                                continue;
+
+                        *(d++) = '-';
+                        dot = false;
+                        hyphen = true;
+
+                } else if (valid_ldh_char(*p)) {
+                        *(d++) = *p;
+                        dot = false;
+                        hyphen = false;
+                }
+
+        if (d > s && IN_SET(d[-1], '-', '.'))
+                /* The dot can occur at most once, but we might have multiple
+                 * hyphens, hence the loop */
+                d--;
+        *d = 0;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
+        assert(hostname);
+
+        /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
+         * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of localdomain */
+
+        return STRCASE_IN_SET(
+                        hostname,
+                        "localhost",
+                        "localhost.",
+                        "localhost.localdomain",
+                        "localhost.localdomain.") ||
+                endswith_no_case(hostname, ".localhost") ||
+                endswith_no_case(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
+                endswith_no_case(hostname, ".localhost.localdomain") ||
+                endswith_no_case(hostname, ".localhost.localdomain.");
+}
+
+int get_pretty_hostname(char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = parse_env_file(NULL, "/etc/machine-info", "PRETTY_HOSTNAME", &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(n))
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(n);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hostname-util.h b/src/basic/hostname-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00b852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hostname-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+typedef enum GetHostnameFlags {
+        GET_HOSTNAME_ALLOW_LOCALHOST  = 1 << 0, /* accepts "localhost" or friends. */
+        GET_HOSTNAME_FALLBACK_DEFAULT = 1 << 1, /* use default hostname if no hostname is set. */
+        GET_HOSTNAME_SHORT            = 1 << 2, /* kills the FQDN part if present. */
+} GetHostnameFlags;
+
+int gethostname_full(GetHostnameFlags flags, char **ret);
+static inline int gethostname_strict(char **ret) {
+        return gethostname_full(0, ret);
+}
+
+static inline char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
+        char *s;
+
+        if (gethostname_full(GET_HOSTNAME_ALLOW_LOCALHOST | GET_HOSTNAME_FALLBACK_DEFAULT, &s) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+static inline char* gethostname_short_malloc(void) {
+        char *s;
+
+        if (gethostname_full(GET_HOSTNAME_ALLOW_LOCALHOST | GET_HOSTNAME_FALLBACK_DEFAULT | GET_HOSTNAME_SHORT, &s) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+char* get_default_hostname(void);
+
+bool valid_ldh_char(char c) _const_;
+
+typedef enum ValidHostnameFlags {
+        VALID_HOSTNAME_TRAILING_DOT = 1 << 0,   /* Accept trailing dot on multi-label names */
+        VALID_HOSTNAME_DOT_HOST     = 1 << 1,   /* Accept ".host" as valid hostname */
+} ValidHostnameFlags;
+
+bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s, ValidHostnameFlags flags) _pure_;
+char* hostname_cleanup(char *s);
+
+bool is_localhost(const char *hostname);
+
+static inline bool is_gateway_hostname(const char *hostname) {
+        /* This tries to identify the valid syntaxes for the our synthetic "gateway" host. */
+        return STRCASE_IN_SET(hostname, "_gateway", "_gateway.");
+}
+
+static inline bool is_outbound_hostname(const char *hostname) {
+        /* This tries to identify the valid syntaxes for the our synthetic "outbound" host. */
+        return STRCASE_IN_SET(hostname, "_outbound", "_outbound.");
+}
+
+int get_pretty_hostname(char **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/in-addr-util.c b/src/basic/in-addr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05c729d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/in-addr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "in-addr-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+bool in4_addr_is_null(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return a->s_addr == 0;
+}
+
+bool in6_addr_is_null(const struct in6_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(a);
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_null(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                return in4_addr_is_null(&u->in);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return in6_addr_is_null(&u->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_is_link_local(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return (be32toh(a->s_addr) & UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000)) == (UINT32_C(169) << 24 | UINT32_C(254) << 16);
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_is_link_local_dynamic(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        if (!in4_addr_is_link_local(a))
+                return false;
+
+        /* 169.254.0.0/24 and 169.254.255.0/24 must not be used for the dynamic IPv4LL assignment.
+         * See RFC 3927 Section 2.1:
+         * The IPv4 prefix 169.254/16 is registered with the IANA for this purpose. The first 256 and last
+         * 256 addresses in the 169.254/16 prefix are reserved for future use and MUST NOT be selected by a
+         * host using this dynamic configuration mechanism. */
+        return !IN_SET(be32toh(a->s_addr) & 0x0000FF00U, 0x0000U, 0xFF00U);
+}
+
+bool in6_addr_is_link_local(const struct in6_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(a);
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_link_local(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                return in4_addr_is_link_local(&u->in);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return in6_addr_is_link_local(&u->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+bool in6_addr_is_link_local_all_nodes(const struct in6_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        /* ff02::1 */
+        return be32toh(a->s6_addr32[0]) == UINT32_C(0xff020000) &&
+                a->s6_addr32[1] == 0 &&
+                a->s6_addr32[2] == 0 &&
+                be32toh(a->s6_addr32[3]) == UINT32_C(0x00000001);
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_multicast(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                return IN_MULTICAST(be32toh(u->in.s_addr));
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&u->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_is_local_multicast(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return (be32toh(a->s_addr) & UINT32_C(0xffffff00)) == UINT32_C(0xe0000000);
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_is_localhost(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        /* All of 127.x.x.x is localhost. */
+        return (be32toh(a->s_addr) & UINT32_C(0xFF000000)) == UINT32_C(127) << 24;
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_is_non_local(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        /* Whether the address is not null and not localhost.
+         *
+         * As such, it is suitable to configure as DNS/NTP server from DHCP. */
+        return !in4_addr_is_null(a) &&
+               !in4_addr_is_localhost(a);
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_localhost(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                return in4_addr_is_localhost(&u->in);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&u->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_localhost_one(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                /* 127.0.0.1 */
+                return be32toh(u->in.s_addr) == UINT32_C(0x7F000001);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&u->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+bool in6_addr_is_ipv4_mapped_address(const struct in6_addr *a) {
+        return a->s6_addr32[0] == 0 &&
+                a->s6_addr32[1] == 0 &&
+                a->s6_addr32[2] == htobe32(UINT32_C(0x0000ffff));
+}
+
+bool in4_addr_equal(const struct in_addr *a, const struct in_addr *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        return a->s_addr == b->s_addr;
+}
+
+bool in6_addr_equal(const struct in6_addr *a, const struct in6_addr *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        return IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(a, b);
+}
+
+int in_addr_equal(int family, const union in_addr_union *a, const union in_addr_union *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                return in4_addr_equal(&a->in, &b->in);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6)
+                return in6_addr_equal(&a->in6, &b->in6);
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_intersect(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *a,
+                unsigned aprefixlen,
+                const union in_addr_union *b,
+                unsigned bprefixlen) {
+
+        unsigned m;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        /* Checks whether there are any addresses that are in both networks */
+
+        m = MIN(aprefixlen, bprefixlen);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+                uint32_t x, nm;
+
+                x = be32toh(a->in.s_addr ^ b->in.s_addr);
+                nm = m == 0 ? 0 : 0xFFFFFFFFUL << (32 - m);
+
+                return (x & nm) == 0;
+        }
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
+                unsigned i;
+
+                if (m > 128)
+                        m = 128;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                        uint8_t x, nm;
+
+                        x = a->in6.s6_addr[i] ^ b->in6.s6_addr[i];
+
+                        if (m < 8)
+                                nm = 0xFF << (8 - m);
+                        else
+                                nm = 0xFF;
+
+                        if ((x & nm) != 0)
+                                return 0;
+
+                        if (m > 8)
+                                m -= 8;
+                        else
+                                m = 0;
+                }
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_next(int family, union in_addr_union *u, unsigned prefixlen) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        /* Increases the network part of an address by one. Returns 0 if that succeeds, or -ERANGE if
+         * this overflows. */
+
+        return in_addr_prefix_nth(family, u, prefixlen, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculates the nth prefix of size prefixlen starting from the address denoted by u.
+ *
+ * On success 0 will be returned and the calculated prefix will be available in
+ * u. In case the calculation cannot be performed (invalid prefix length,
+ * overflows would occur) -ERANGE is returned. If the address family given isn't
+ * supported -EAFNOSUPPORT will be returned.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   - in_addr_prefix_nth(AF_INET, 192.168.0.0, 24, 2), returns 0, writes 192.168.2.0 to u
+ *   - in_addr_prefix_nth(AF_INET, 192.168.0.0, 24, 0), returns 0, no data written
+ *   - in_addr_prefix_nth(AF_INET, 255.255.255.0, 24, 1), returns -ERANGE, no data written
+ *   - in_addr_prefix_nth(AF_INET, 255.255.255.0, 0, 1), returns -ERANGE, no data written
+ *   - in_addr_prefix_nth(AF_INET6, 2001:db8, 64, 0xff00) returns 0, writes 2001:0db8:0000:ff00:: to u
+ */
+int in_addr_prefix_nth(int family, union in_addr_union *u, unsigned prefixlen, uint64_t nth) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (prefixlen <= 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+                uint32_t c, n, t;
+
+                if (prefixlen > 32)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                c = be32toh(u->in.s_addr);
+
+                t = nth << (32 - prefixlen);
+
+                /* Check for wrap */
+                if (c > UINT32_MAX - t)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                n = c + t;
+
+                n &= UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF) << (32 - prefixlen);
+                u->in.s_addr = htobe32(n);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
+                bool overflow = false;
+
+                if (prefixlen > 128)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                for (unsigned i = 16; i > 0; i--) {
+                        unsigned t, j = i - 1, p = j * 8;
+
+                        if (p >= prefixlen) {
+                                u->in6.s6_addr[j] = 0;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (prefixlen - p < 8) {
+                                u->in6.s6_addr[j] &= 0xff << (8 - (prefixlen - p));
+                                t = u->in6.s6_addr[j] + ((nth & 0xff) << (8 - (prefixlen - p)));
+                                nth >>= prefixlen - p;
+                        } else {
+                                t = u->in6.s6_addr[j] + (nth & 0xff) + overflow;
+                                nth >>= 8;
+                        }
+
+                        overflow = t > UINT8_MAX;
+                        u->in6.s6_addr[j] = (uint8_t) (t & 0xff);
+                }
+
+                if (overflow || nth != 0)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int in_addr_random_prefix(
+                int family,
+                union in_addr_union *u,
+                unsigned prefixlen_fixed_part,
+                unsigned prefixlen) {
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        /* Random network part of an address by one. */
+
+        if (prefixlen <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (family == AF_INET) {
+                uint32_t c, n;
+
+                if (prefixlen_fixed_part > 32)
+                        prefixlen_fixed_part = 32;
+                if (prefixlen > 32)
+                        prefixlen = 32;
+                if (prefixlen_fixed_part >= prefixlen)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = be32toh(u->in.s_addr);
+                c &= ((UINT32_C(1) << prefixlen_fixed_part) - 1) << (32 - prefixlen_fixed_part);
+
+                random_bytes(&n, sizeof(n));
+                n &= ((UINT32_C(1) << (prefixlen - prefixlen_fixed_part)) - 1) << (32 - prefixlen);
+
+                u->in.s_addr = htobe32(n | c);
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
+                struct in6_addr n;
+                unsigned i, j;
+
+                if (prefixlen_fixed_part > 128)
+                        prefixlen_fixed_part = 128;
+                if (prefixlen > 128)
+                        prefixlen = 128;
+                if (prefixlen_fixed_part >= prefixlen)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                random_bytes(&n, sizeof(n));
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                        uint8_t mask_fixed_part = 0, mask = 0;
+
+                        if (i < (prefixlen_fixed_part + 7) / 8) {
+                                if (i < prefixlen_fixed_part / 8)
+                                        mask_fixed_part = 0xffu;
+                                else {
+                                        j = prefixlen_fixed_part % 8;
+                                        mask_fixed_part = ((UINT8_C(1) << (j + 1)) - 1) << (8 - j);
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (i < (prefixlen + 7) / 8) {
+                                if (i < prefixlen / 8)
+                                        mask = 0xffu ^ mask_fixed_part;
+                                else {
+                                        j = prefixlen % 8;
+                                        mask = (((UINT8_C(1) << (j + 1)) - 1) << (8 - j)) ^ mask_fixed_part;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        u->in6.s6_addr[i] &= mask_fixed_part;
+                        u->in6.s6_addr[i] |= n.s6_addr[i] & mask;
+                }
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_range(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *in,
+                unsigned prefixlen,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_start,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_end) {
+
+        union in_addr_union start, end;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(in);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        if (ret_start) {
+                start = *in;
+                r = in_addr_prefix_nth(family, &start, prefixlen, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_end) {
+                end = *in;
+                r = in_addr_prefix_nth(family, &end, prefixlen, 1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_start)
+                *ret_start = start;
+        if (ret_end)
+                *ret_end = end;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL;
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (family == AF_INET)
+                l = INET_ADDRSTRLEN;
+        else if (family == AF_INET6)
+                l = INET6_ADDRSTRLEN;
+        else
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        x = new(char, l);
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (!typesafe_inet_ntop(family, u, x, l))
+                return errno_or_else(EINVAL);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(x);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_to_string(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *u,
+                unsigned prefixlen,
+                char *buf,
+                size_t buf_len) {
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(buf);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (!typesafe_inet_ntop(family, u, buf, buf_len))
+                return errno_or_else(ENOSPC);
+
+        size_t l = strlen(buf);
+        if (!snprintf_ok(buf + l, buf_len - l, "/%u", prefixlen))
+                return -ENOSPC;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_port_ifindex_name_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, uint16_t port, int ifindex, const char *server_name, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ip_str = NULL, *x = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6));
+        assert(u);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Much like in_addr_to_string(), but optionally appends the zone interface index to the address, to properly
+         * handle IPv6 link-local addresses. */
+
+        r = in_addr_to_string(family, u, &ip_str);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
+                r = in_addr_is_link_local(family, u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        ifindex = 0;
+        } else
+                ifindex = 0; /* For IPv4 address, ifindex is always ignored. */
+
+        if (port == 0 && ifindex == 0 && isempty(server_name)) {
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(ip_str);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        const char *separator = isempty(server_name) ? "" : "#";
+        server_name = strempty(server_name);
+
+        if (port > 0) {
+                if (family == AF_INET6) {
+                        if (ifindex > 0)
+                                r = asprintf(&x, "[%s]:%"PRIu16"%%%i%s%s", ip_str, port, ifindex, separator, server_name);
+                        else
+                                r = asprintf(&x, "[%s]:%"PRIu16"%s%s", ip_str, port, separator, server_name);
+                } else
+                        r = asprintf(&x, "%s:%"PRIu16"%s%s", ip_str, port, separator, server_name);
+        } else {
+                if (ifindex > 0)
+                        r = asprintf(&x, "%s%%%i%s%s", ip_str, ifindex, separator, server_name);
+                else {
+                        x = strjoin(ip_str, separator, server_name);
+                        r = x ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(x);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_from_string(int family, const char *s, union in_addr_union *ret) {
+        union in_addr_union buffer;
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (inet_pton(family, s, ret ?: &buffer) <= 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EINVAL);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_from_string_auto(const char *s, int *ret_family, union in_addr_union *ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = in_addr_from_string(AF_INET, s, ret);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                if (ret_family)
+                        *ret_family = AF_INET;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = in_addr_from_string(AF_INET6, s, ret);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                if (ret_family)
+                        *ret_family = AF_INET6;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+unsigned char in4_addr_netmask_to_prefixlen(const struct in_addr *addr) {
+        assert(addr);
+
+        return 32U - u32ctz(be32toh(addr->s_addr));
+}
+
+/* Calculate an IPv4 netmask from prefix length, for example /8 -> 255.0.0.0. */
+struct in_addr* in4_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(prefixlen <= 32);
+
+        /* Shifting beyond 32 is not defined, handle this specially. */
+        if (prefixlen == 0)
+                addr->s_addr = 0;
+        else
+                addr->s_addr = htobe32((0xffffffff << (32 - prefixlen)) & 0xffffffff);
+
+        return addr;
+}
+
+/* Calculate an IPv6 netmask from prefix length, for example /16 -> ffff::. */
+struct in6_addr* in6_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(struct in6_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(prefixlen <= 128);
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                uint8_t mask;
+
+                if (prefixlen >= 8) {
+                        mask = 0xFF;
+                        prefixlen -= 8;
+                } else if (prefixlen > 0) {
+                        mask = 0xFF << (8 - prefixlen);
+                        prefixlen = 0;
+                } else {
+                        assert(prefixlen == 0);
+                        mask = 0;
+                }
+
+                addr->s6_addr[i] = mask;
+        }
+
+        return addr;
+}
+
+/* Calculate an IPv4 or IPv6 netmask from prefix length, for example /8 -> 255.0.0.0 or /16 -> ffff::. */
+int in_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(int family, union in_addr_union *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        assert(addr);
+
+        switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+                in4_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(&addr->in, prefixlen);
+                return 0;
+        case AF_INET6:
+                in6_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(&addr->in6, prefixlen);
+                return 0;
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int in4_addr_default_prefixlen(const struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char *prefixlen) {
+        uint8_t msb_octet = *(uint8_t*) addr;
+
+        /* addr may not be aligned, so make sure we only access it byte-wise */
+
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(prefixlen);
+
+        if (msb_octet < 128)
+                /* class A, leading bits: 0 */
+                *prefixlen = 8;
+        else if (msb_octet < 192)
+                /* class B, leading bits 10 */
+                *prefixlen = 16;
+        else if (msb_octet < 224)
+                /* class C, leading bits 110 */
+                *prefixlen = 24;
+        else
+                /* class D or E, no default prefixlen */
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in4_addr_default_subnet_mask(const struct in_addr *addr, struct in_addr *mask) {
+        unsigned char prefixlen;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(mask);
+
+        r = in4_addr_default_prefixlen(addr, &prefixlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        in4_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(mask, prefixlen);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in4_addr_mask(struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        struct in_addr mask;
+
+        assert(addr);
+
+        if (!in4_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(&mask, prefixlen))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        addr->s_addr &= mask.s_addr;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in6_addr_mask(struct in6_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                uint8_t mask;
+
+                if (prefixlen >= 8) {
+                        mask = 0xFF;
+                        prefixlen -= 8;
+                } else if (prefixlen > 0) {
+                        mask = 0xFF << (8 - prefixlen);
+                        prefixlen = 0;
+                } else {
+                        assert(prefixlen == 0);
+                        mask = 0;
+                }
+
+                addr->s6_addr[i] &= mask;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_mask(int family, union in_addr_union *addr, unsigned char prefixlen) {
+        assert(addr);
+
+        switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+                return in4_addr_mask(&addr->in, prefixlen);
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return in6_addr_mask(&addr->in6, prefixlen);
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int in4_addr_prefix_covers(
+                const struct in_addr *prefix,
+                unsigned char prefixlen,
+                const struct in_addr *address) {
+
+        struct in_addr masked_prefix, masked_address;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(address);
+
+        masked_prefix = *prefix;
+        r = in4_addr_mask(&masked_prefix, prefixlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        masked_address = *address;
+        r = in4_addr_mask(&masked_address, prefixlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return in4_addr_equal(&masked_prefix, &masked_address);
+}
+
+int in6_addr_prefix_covers(
+                const struct in6_addr *prefix,
+                unsigned char prefixlen,
+                const struct in6_addr *address) {
+
+        struct in6_addr masked_prefix, masked_address;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(address);
+
+        masked_prefix = *prefix;
+        r = in6_addr_mask(&masked_prefix, prefixlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        masked_address = *address;
+        r = in6_addr_mask(&masked_address, prefixlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return in6_addr_equal(&masked_prefix, &masked_address);
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_covers(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *prefix,
+                unsigned char prefixlen,
+                const union in_addr_union *address) {
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(address);
+
+        switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+                return in4_addr_prefix_covers(&prefix->in, prefixlen, &address->in);
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return in6_addr_prefix_covers(&prefix->in6, prefixlen, &address->in6);
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int in_addr_parse_prefixlen(int family, const char *p, unsigned char *ret) {
+        uint8_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        r = safe_atou8(p, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (u > FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(family) * 8)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_from_string(
+                const char *p,
+                int family,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_prefix,
+                unsigned char *ret_prefixlen) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *str = NULL;
+        union in_addr_union buffer;
+        const char *e, *l;
+        unsigned char k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        e = strchr(p, '/');
+        if (e) {
+                str = strndup(p, e - p);
+                if (!str)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l = str;
+        } else
+                l = p;
+
+        r = in_addr_from_string(family, l, &buffer);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (e) {
+                r = in_addr_parse_prefixlen(family, e+1, &k);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else
+                k = FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(family) * 8;
+
+        if (ret_prefix)
+                *ret_prefix = buffer;
+        if (ret_prefixlen)
+                *ret_prefixlen = k;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int in_addr_prefix_from_string_auto_internal(
+                const char *p,
+                InAddrPrefixLenMode mode,
+                int *ret_family,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_prefix,
+                unsigned char *ret_prefixlen) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *str = NULL;
+        union in_addr_union buffer;
+        const char *e, *l;
+        unsigned char k;
+        int family, r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        e = strchr(p, '/');
+        if (e) {
+                str = strndup(p, e - p);
+                if (!str)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l = str;
+        } else
+                l = p;
+
+        r = in_addr_from_string_auto(l, &family, &buffer);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (e) {
+                r = in_addr_parse_prefixlen(family, e+1, &k);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else
+                switch (mode) {
+                case PREFIXLEN_FULL:
+                        k = FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(family) * 8;
+                        break;
+                case PREFIXLEN_REFUSE:
+                        return -ENOANO; /* To distinguish this error from others. */
+                case PREFIXLEN_LEGACY:
+                        if (family == AF_INET) {
+                                r = in4_addr_default_prefixlen(&buffer.in, &k);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        } else
+                                k = 0;
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+        if (ret_family)
+                *ret_family = family;
+        if (ret_prefix)
+                *ret_prefix = buffer;
+        if (ret_prefixlen)
+                *ret_prefixlen = k;
+
+        return 0;
+
+}
+
+static void in_addr_data_hash_func(const struct in_addr_data *a, struct siphash *state) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(state);
+
+        siphash24_compress(&a->family, sizeof(a->family), state);
+        siphash24_compress(&a->address, FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(a->family), state);
+}
+
+static int in_addr_data_compare_func(const struct in_addr_data *x, const struct in_addr_data *y) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(x);
+        assert(y);
+
+        r = CMP(x->family, y->family);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return memcmp(&x->address, &y->address, FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(x->family));
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(in_addr_data_hash_ops, struct in_addr_data, in_addr_data_hash_func, in_addr_data_compare_func);
+
+void in6_addr_hash_func(const struct in6_addr *addr, struct siphash *state) {
+        assert(addr);
+        assert(state);
+
+        siphash24_compress(addr, sizeof(*addr), state);
+}
+
+int in6_addr_compare_func(const struct in6_addr *a, const struct in6_addr *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        return memcmp(a, b, sizeof(*a));
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS(in6_addr_hash_ops, struct in6_addr, in6_addr_hash_func, in6_addr_compare_func);
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_KEY_DESTRUCTOR(
+        in6_addr_hash_ops_free,
+        struct in6_addr,
+        in6_addr_hash_func,
+        in6_addr_compare_func,
+        free);
diff --git a/src/basic/in-addr-util.h b/src/basic/in-addr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19fa35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/in-addr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "hash-funcs.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+union in_addr_union {
+        struct in_addr in;
+        struct in6_addr in6;
+        uint8_t bytes[CONST_MAX(sizeof(struct in_addr), sizeof(struct in6_addr))];
+};
+
+struct in_addr_data {
+        int family;
+        union in_addr_union address;
+};
+
+bool in4_addr_is_null(const struct in_addr *a);
+static inline bool in4_addr_is_set(const struct in_addr *a) {
+        return !in4_addr_is_null(a);
+}
+bool in6_addr_is_null(const struct in6_addr *a);
+static inline bool in6_addr_is_set(const struct in6_addr *a) {
+        return !in6_addr_is_null(a);
+}
+int in_addr_is_null(int family, const union in_addr_union *u);
+static inline bool in_addr_is_set(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
+        return in_addr_is_null(family, u) == 0;
+}
+static inline int in_addr_data_is_null(const struct in_addr_data *a) {
+        assert(a);
+        return in_addr_is_null(a->family, &a->address);
+}
+static inline bool in_addr_data_is_set(const struct in_addr_data *a) {
+        return in_addr_data_is_null(a);
+}
+
+int in_addr_is_multicast(int family, const union in_addr_union *u);
+
+bool in4_addr_is_link_local(const struct in_addr *a);
+bool in4_addr_is_link_local_dynamic(const struct in_addr *a);
+bool in6_addr_is_link_local(const struct in6_addr *a);
+int in_addr_is_link_local(int family, const union in_addr_union *u);
+bool in6_addr_is_link_local_all_nodes(const struct in6_addr *a);
+
+bool in4_addr_is_localhost(const struct in_addr *a);
+int in_addr_is_localhost(int family, const union in_addr_union *u);
+int in_addr_is_localhost_one(int family, const union in_addr_union *u);
+
+bool in4_addr_is_local_multicast(const struct in_addr *a);
+bool in4_addr_is_non_local(const struct in_addr *a);
+bool in6_addr_is_ipv4_mapped_address(const struct in6_addr *a);
+
+bool in4_addr_equal(const struct in_addr *a, const struct in_addr *b);
+bool in6_addr_equal(const struct in6_addr *a, const struct in6_addr *b);
+int in_addr_equal(int family, const union in_addr_union *a, const union in_addr_union *b);
+int in_addr_prefix_intersect(int family, const union in_addr_union *a, unsigned aprefixlen, const union in_addr_union *b, unsigned bprefixlen);
+int in_addr_prefix_next(int family, union in_addr_union *u, unsigned prefixlen);
+int in_addr_prefix_nth(int family, union in_addr_union *u, unsigned prefixlen, uint64_t nth);
+int in_addr_random_prefix(int family, union in_addr_union *u, unsigned prefixlen_fixed_part, unsigned prefixlen);
+int in_addr_prefix_range(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *in,
+                unsigned prefixlen,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_start,
+                union in_addr_union *ret_end);
+
+int in_addr_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, char **ret);
+static inline int in6_addr_to_string(const struct in6_addr *u, char **ret) {
+        return in_addr_to_string(AF_INET6, (const union in_addr_union*) u, ret);
+}
+
+static inline const char* typesafe_inet_ntop(int family, const union in_addr_union *a, char *buf, size_t len) {
+        return inet_ntop(family, a, buf, len);
+}
+static inline const char* typesafe_inet_ntop4(const struct in_addr *a, char *buf, size_t len) {
+        return inet_ntop(AF_INET, a, buf, len);
+}
+static inline const char* typesafe_inet_ntop6(const struct in6_addr *a, char *buf, size_t len) {
+        return inet_ntop(AF_INET6, a, buf, len);
+}
+
+/* Note: the lifetime of the compound literal is the immediately surrounding block,
+ * see C11 §6.5.2.5, and
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34880638/compound-literal-lifetime-and-if-blocks */
+#define IN_ADDR_MAX CONST_MAX(INET_ADDRSTRLEN, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)
+#define IN_ADDR_TO_STRING(family, addr) typesafe_inet_ntop(family, addr, (char[IN_ADDR_MAX]){}, IN_ADDR_MAX)
+#define IN4_ADDR_TO_STRING(addr) typesafe_inet_ntop4(addr, (char[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]){}, INET_ADDRSTRLEN)
+#define IN6_ADDR_TO_STRING(addr) typesafe_inet_ntop6(addr, (char[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]){}, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN)
+
+int in_addr_prefix_to_string(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *u,
+                unsigned prefixlen,
+                char *buf,
+                size_t buf_len);
+
+static inline const char* _in_addr_prefix_to_string(
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *u,
+                unsigned prefixlen,
+                char *buf,
+                size_t buf_len) {
+        /* We assume that this is called with an appropriately sized buffer and can never fail. */
+        assert_se(in_addr_prefix_to_string(family, u, prefixlen, buf, buf_len) == 0);
+        return buf;
+}
+static inline const char* _in4_addr_prefix_to_string(const struct in_addr *a, unsigned prefixlen, char *buf, size_t buf_len) {
+        return _in_addr_prefix_to_string(AF_INET, (const union in_addr_union *) a, prefixlen, buf, buf_len);
+}
+static inline const char* _in6_addr_prefix_to_string(const struct in6_addr *a, unsigned prefixlen, char *buf, size_t buf_len) {
+        return _in_addr_prefix_to_string(AF_INET6, (const union in_addr_union *) a, prefixlen, buf, buf_len);
+}
+
+#define PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX (1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned))
+#define IN_ADDR_PREFIX_TO_STRING(family, addr, prefixlen) \
+        _in_addr_prefix_to_string(family, addr, prefixlen, (char[IN_ADDR_MAX + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX]){}, IN_ADDR_MAX + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX)
+#define IN4_ADDR_PREFIX_TO_STRING(addr, prefixlen) \
+        _in4_addr_prefix_to_string(addr, prefixlen, (char[INET_ADDRSTRLEN + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX]){}, INET_ADDRSTRLEN + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX)
+#define IN6_ADDR_PREFIX_TO_STRING(addr, prefixlen) \
+        _in6_addr_prefix_to_string(addr, prefixlen, (char[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX]){}, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + PREFIX_SUFFIX_MAX)
+
+int in_addr_port_ifindex_name_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, uint16_t port, int ifindex, const char *server_name, char **ret);
+static inline int in_addr_ifindex_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, int ifindex, char **ret) {
+        return in_addr_port_ifindex_name_to_string(family, u, 0, ifindex, NULL, ret);
+}
+static inline int in_addr_port_to_string(int family, const union in_addr_union *u, uint16_t port, char **ret) {
+        return in_addr_port_ifindex_name_to_string(family, u, port, 0, NULL, ret);
+}
+int in_addr_from_string(int family, const char *s, union in_addr_union *ret);
+int in_addr_from_string_auto(const char *s, int *ret_family, union in_addr_union *ret);
+
+unsigned char in4_addr_netmask_to_prefixlen(const struct in_addr *addr);
+struct in_addr* in4_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+struct in6_addr* in6_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(struct in6_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+int in_addr_prefixlen_to_netmask(int family, union in_addr_union *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+int in4_addr_default_prefixlen(const struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char *prefixlen);
+int in4_addr_default_subnet_mask(const struct in_addr *addr, struct in_addr *mask);
+int in4_addr_mask(struct in_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+int in6_addr_mask(struct in6_addr *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+int in_addr_mask(int family, union in_addr_union *addr, unsigned char prefixlen);
+int in4_addr_prefix_covers(const struct in_addr *prefix, unsigned char prefixlen, const struct in_addr *address);
+int in6_addr_prefix_covers(const struct in6_addr *prefix, unsigned char prefixlen, const struct in6_addr *address);
+int in_addr_prefix_covers(int family, const union in_addr_union *prefix, unsigned char prefixlen, const union in_addr_union *address);
+int in_addr_parse_prefixlen(int family, const char *p, unsigned char *ret);
+int in_addr_prefix_from_string(const char *p, int family, union in_addr_union *ret_prefix, unsigned char *ret_prefixlen);
+
+typedef enum InAddrPrefixLenMode {
+        PREFIXLEN_FULL,   /* Default to prefixlen of address size, 32 for IPv4 or 128 for IPv6, if not specified. */
+        PREFIXLEN_REFUSE, /* Fail with -ENOANO if prefixlen is not specified. */
+        PREFIXLEN_LEGACY, /* Default to legacy default prefixlen calculation from address if not specified. */
+} InAddrPrefixLenMode;
+
+int in_addr_prefix_from_string_auto_internal(const char *p, InAddrPrefixLenMode mode, int *ret_family, union in_addr_union *ret_prefix, unsigned char *ret_prefixlen);
+static inline int in_addr_prefix_from_string_auto(const char *p, int *ret_family, union in_addr_union *ret_prefix, unsigned char *ret_prefixlen) {
+        return in_addr_prefix_from_string_auto_internal(p, PREFIXLEN_FULL, ret_family, ret_prefix, ret_prefixlen);
+}
+
+static inline size_t FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(int family) {
+        assert(IN_SET(family, AF_INET, AF_INET6));
+        return family == AF_INET6 ? 16 : 4;
+}
+
+#define FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE_SAFE(f)                                     \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _f = (f);                                           \
+                _f == AF_INET ? sizeof(struct in_addr) :                \
+                _f == AF_INET6 ? sizeof(struct in6_addr) : 0;           \
+        })
+
+/* Workaround for clang, explicitly specify the maximum-size element here.
+ * See also oss-fuzz#11344. */
+#define IN_ADDR_NULL ((union in_addr_union) { .in6 = {} })
+
+void in6_addr_hash_func(const struct in6_addr *addr, struct siphash *state);
+int in6_addr_compare_func(const struct in6_addr *a, const struct in6_addr *b);
+
+extern const struct hash_ops in_addr_data_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops in6_addr_hash_ops;
+extern const struct hash_ops in6_addr_hash_ops_free;
+
+#define IPV4_ADDRESS_FMT_STR     "%u.%u.%u.%u"
+#define IPV4_ADDRESS_FMT_VAL(address)              \
+        be32toh((address).s_addr) >> 24,           \
+        (be32toh((address).s_addr) >> 16) & 0xFFu, \
+        (be32toh((address).s_addr) >> 8) & 0xFFu,  \
+        be32toh((address).s_addr) & 0xFFu
diff --git a/src/basic/inotify-util.c b/src/basic/inotify-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6da974d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/inotify-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "inotify-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+
+int inotify_add_watch_fd(int fd, int what, uint32_t mask) {
+        int wd, r;
+
+        /* This is like inotify_add_watch(), except that the file to watch is not referenced by a path, but by an fd */
+        wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(what), mask);
+        if (wd < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* Didn't work with ENOENT? If so, then either /proc/ isn't mounted, or the fd is bad */
+                r = proc_mounted();
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOSYS;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        return -EBADF;
+
+                return -ENOENT; /* OK, no clue, let's propagate the original error */
+        }
+
+        return wd;
+}
+
+int inotify_add_watch_and_warn(int fd, const char *pathname, uint32_t mask) {
+        int wd;
+
+        wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, pathname, mask);
+        if (wd < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOSPC)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to add a watch for %s: inotify watch limit reached", pathname);
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to add a watch for %s: %m", pathname);
+        }
+
+        return wd;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/inotify-util.h b/src/basic/inotify-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61951ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/inotify-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+
+#define INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX (offsetof(struct inotify_event, name) + NAME_MAX + 1)
+
+#define _FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz, log_level, start, end)    \
+        for (struct inotify_event                                       \
+                     *start = &((buffer).ev),                           \
+                     *end = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) start + (sz)), \
+                     *e = start;                                        \
+             (size_t) ((uint8_t*) end - (uint8_t*) e) >= sizeof(struct inotify_event) && \
+             ((size_t) ((uint8_t*) end - (uint8_t*) e) >= sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len || \
+              (log_full(log_level, "Received invalid inotify event, ignoring."), false)); \
+             e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len))
+
+#define _FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT_FULL(e, buffer, sz, log_level)           \
+        _FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz, log_level, UNIQ_T(start, UNIQ), UNIQ_T(end, UNIQ))
+
+#define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz)                    \
+        _FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT_FULL(e, buffer, sz, LOG_DEBUG)
+
+#define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT_WARN(e, buffer, sz)               \
+        _FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT_FULL(e, buffer, sz, LOG_WARNING)
+
+union inotify_event_buffer {
+        struct inotify_event ev;
+        uint8_t raw[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX];
+};
+
+int inotify_add_watch_fd(int fd, int what, uint32_t mask);
+int inotify_add_watch_and_warn(int fd, const char *pathname, uint32_t mask);
diff --git a/src/basic/io-util.c b/src/basic/io-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb9e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/io-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int flush_fd(int fd) {
+        int count = 0;
+
+        /* Read from the specified file descriptor, until POLLIN is not set anymore, throwing away everything
+         * read. Note that some file descriptors (notable IP sockets) will trigger POLLIN even when no data can be read
+         * (due to IP packet checksum mismatches), hence this function is only safe to be non-blocking if the fd used
+         * was set to non-blocking too. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char buf[LINE_MAX];
+                ssize_t l;
+                int r;
+
+                r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, 0);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r == -EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return count;
+
+                l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+                if (l < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (errno == EAGAIN)
+                                return count;
+
+                        return -errno;
+                } else if (l == 0)
+                        return count;
+
+                count += (int) l;
+        }
+}
+
+ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+        uint8_t *p = ASSERT_PTR(buf);
+        ssize_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* If called with nbytes == 0, let's call read() at least once, to validate the operation */
+
+        if (nbytes > (size_t) SSIZE_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        do {
+                ssize_t k;
+
+                k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
+
+                                /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
+                                 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
+                                 * via read() */
+
+                                (void) fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
+                }
+
+                if (k == 0)
+                        return n;
+
+                assert((size_t) k <= nbytes);
+
+                p += k;
+                nbytes -= k;
+                n += k;
+        } while (nbytes > 0);
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return (int) n;
+        if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+        const uint8_t *p = ASSERT_PTR(buf);
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (_unlikely_(nbytes > (size_t) SSIZE_MAX))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        do {
+                ssize_t k;
+
+                k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
+                                /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
+                                 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
+                                 * via write() */
+
+                                (void) fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                if (_unlikely_(nbytes > 0 && k == 0)) /* Can't really happen */
+                        return -EIO;
+
+                assert((size_t) k <= nbytes);
+
+                p += k;
+                nbytes -= k;
+        } while (nbytes > 0);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int pipe_eof(int fd) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, 0);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return !!(r & POLLHUP);
+}
+
+int ppoll_usec(struct pollfd *fds, size_t nfds, usec_t timeout) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fds || nfds == 0);
+
+        if (nfds == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = ppoll(fds, nfds, timeout == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : TIMESPEC_STORE(timeout), NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0, n = r; i < nfds && n > 0; i++) {
+                if (fds[i].revents == 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (fds[i].revents & POLLNVAL)
+                        return -EBADF;
+                n--;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t timeout) {
+        struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                .fd = fd,
+                .events = event,
+        };
+        int r;
+
+        r = ppoll_usec(&pollfd, 1, timeout);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return pollfd.revents;
+}
+
+static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        while (sz > 0) {
+                if (*p != 0)
+                        break;
+
+                n++;
+                p++;
+                sz--;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
+        const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
+        ssize_t l;
+
+        q = w = p;
+        e = q + sz;
+        while (q < e) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                n = nul_length(q, e - q);
+
+                /* If there are more than the specified run length of
+                 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
+                 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
+                if ((n > run_length) ||
+                    (n > 0 && q == p) ||
+                    (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
+                        if (q > w) {
+                                l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+                                if (l < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+                                if (l != q -w)
+                                        return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                        if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        q += n;
+                        w = q;
+                } else if (n > 0)
+                        q += n;
+                else
+                        q++;
+        }
+
+        if (q > w) {
+                l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+                if (l < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (l != q - w)
+                        return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
+}
+
+char* set_iovec_string_field(struct iovec *iovec, size_t *n_iovec, const char *field, const char *value) {
+        char *x;
+
+        x = strjoin(field, value);
+        if (x)
+                iovec[(*n_iovec)++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(x);
+        return x;
+}
+
+char* set_iovec_string_field_free(struct iovec *iovec, size_t *n_iovec, const char *field, char *value) {
+        char *x;
+
+        x = set_iovec_string_field(iovec, n_iovec, field, value);
+        free(value);
+        return x;
+}
+
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_new(void) {
+        return malloc0(sizeof(struct iovec_wrapper));
+}
+
+void iovw_free_contents(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, bool free_vectors) {
+        if (free_vectors)
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < iovw->count; i++)
+                        free(iovw->iovec[i].iov_base);
+
+        iovw->iovec = mfree(iovw->iovec);
+        iovw->count = 0;
+}
+
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_free_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw) {
+        iovw_free_contents(iovw, true);
+
+        return mfree(iovw);
+}
+
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw) {
+        iovw_free_contents(iovw, false);
+
+        return mfree(iovw);
+}
+
+int iovw_put(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, void *data, size_t len) {
+        if (iovw->count >= IOV_MAX)
+                return -E2BIG;
+
+        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(iovw->iovec, iovw->count + 1))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        iovw->iovec[iovw->count++] = IOVEC_MAKE(data, len);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int iovw_put_string_field(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, const char *field, const char *value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        x = strjoin(field, value);
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = iovw_put(iovw, x, strlen(x));
+        if (r >= 0)
+                TAKE_PTR(x);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int iovw_put_string_field_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, const char *field, char *value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ _unused_ char *free_ptr = value;
+
+        return iovw_put_string_field(iovw, field, value);
+}
+
+void iovw_rebase(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, char *old, char *new) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < iovw->count; i++)
+                iovw->iovec[i].iov_base = (char *)iovw->iovec[i].iov_base - old + new;
+}
+
+size_t iovw_size(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < iovw->count; i++)
+                n += iovw->iovec[i].iov_len;
+
+        return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/io-util.h b/src/basic/io-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3afb134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/io-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int flush_fd(int fd);
+
+ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
+int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
+int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
+
+int pipe_eof(int fd);
+
+int ppoll_usec(struct pollfd *fds, size_t nfds, usec_t timeout);
+int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t timeout);
+
+ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length);
+
+static inline size_t IOVEC_TOTAL_SIZE(const struct iovec *i, size_t n) {
+        size_t r = 0;
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < n; j++)
+                r += i[j].iov_len;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static inline bool IOVEC_INCREMENT(struct iovec *i, size_t n, size_t k) {
+        /* Returns true if there is nothing else to send (bytes written cover all of the iovec),
+         * false if there's still work to do. */
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+                size_t sub;
+
+                if (i[j].iov_len == 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (k == 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                sub = MIN(i[j].iov_len, k);
+                i[j].iov_len -= sub;
+                i[j].iov_base = (uint8_t*) i[j].iov_base + sub;
+                k -= sub;
+        }
+
+        assert(k == 0); /* Anything else would mean that we wrote more bytes than available,
+                         * or the kernel reported writing more bytes than sent. */
+        return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool FILE_SIZE_VALID(uint64_t l) {
+        /* ftruncate() and friends take an unsigned file size, but actually cannot deal with file sizes larger than
+         * 2^63 since the kernel internally handles it as signed value. This call allows checking for this early. */
+
+        return (l >> 63) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool FILE_SIZE_VALID_OR_INFINITY(uint64_t l) {
+
+        /* Same as above, but allows one extra value: -1 as indication for infinity. */
+
+        if (l == UINT64_MAX)
+                return true;
+
+        return FILE_SIZE_VALID(l);
+
+}
+
+#define IOVEC_INIT(base, len) { .iov_base = (base), .iov_len = (len) }
+#define IOVEC_MAKE(base, len) (struct iovec) IOVEC_INIT(base, len)
+#define IOVEC_INIT_STRING(string) IOVEC_INIT((char*) string, strlen(string))
+#define IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(string) (struct iovec) IOVEC_INIT_STRING(string)
+
+char* set_iovec_string_field(struct iovec *iovec, size_t *n_iovec, const char *field, const char *value);
+char* set_iovec_string_field_free(struct iovec *iovec, size_t *n_iovec, const char *field, char *value);
+
+struct iovec_wrapper {
+        struct iovec *iovec;
+        size_t count;
+};
+
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_new(void);
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw);
+struct iovec_wrapper *iovw_free_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw);
+void iovw_free_contents(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, bool free_vectors);
+
+int iovw_put(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, void *data, size_t len);
+static inline int iovw_consume(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, void *data, size_t len) {
+        /* Move data into iovw or free on error */
+        int r = iovw_put(iovw, data, len);
+        if (r < 0)
+                free(data);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int iovw_put_string_field(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, const char *field, const char *value);
+int iovw_put_string_field_free(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, const char *field, char *value);
+void iovw_rebase(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw, char *old, char *new);
+size_t iovw_size(struct iovec_wrapper *iovw);
diff --git a/src/basic/ioprio-util.c b/src/basic/ioprio-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b63650b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ioprio-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "ioprio-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+
+int ioprio_parse_priority(const char *s, int *ret) {
+        int i, r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = safe_atoi(s, &i);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!ioprio_priority_is_valid(i))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = i;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, IOPRIO_N_CLASSES);
diff --git a/src/basic/ioprio-util.h b/src/basic/ioprio-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8c9b7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ioprio-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_ioprio.h"
+
+int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);
+
+static inline bool ioprio_class_is_valid(int i) {
+        return IN_SET(i, IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE, IOPRIO_CLASS_RT, IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE);
+}
+
+static inline bool ioprio_priority_is_valid(int i) {
+        return i >= 0 && i < IOPRIO_BE_NR;
+}
+
+int ioprio_parse_priority(const char *s, int *ret);
+
+/* IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE with any prio value is another way to say IOPRIO_CLASS_BE with level 4. Encode that in a
+ * proper macro. */
+#define IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO ioprio_prio_value(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 4)
+
+static inline int ioprio_normalize(int v) {
+        /* Converts IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE to what it actually means */
+        return ioprio_prio_class(v) == IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE ? IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO : v;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/limits-util.c b/src/basic/limits-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35cb066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/limits-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "limits-util.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "procfs-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *root = NULL, *value = NULL;
+        uint64_t mem, lim;
+        size_t ps;
+        long sc;
+        int r;
+
+        /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of
+         * memory.
+         *
+         * In order to support containers nicely that have a configured memory limit we'll take the minimum of the
+         * physically reported amount of memory and the limit configured for the root cgroup, if there is any. */
+
+        sc = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+        assert(sc > 0);
+
+        ps = page_size();
+        mem = (uint64_t) sc * (uint64_t) ps;
+
+        r = cg_get_root_path(&root);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine root cgroup, ignoring cgroup memory limit: %m");
+                return mem;
+        }
+
+        r = cg_all_unified();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine root unified mode, ignoring cgroup memory limit: %m");
+                return mem;
+        }
+        if (r > 0) {
+                r = cg_get_attribute("memory", root, "memory.max", &value);
+                if (r == -ENOENT) /* Field does not exist on the system's top-level cgroup, hence don't
+                                   * complain. (Note that it might exist on our own root though, if we live
+                                   * in a cgroup namespace, hence check anyway instead of not even
+                                   * trying.) */
+                        return mem;
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read memory.max cgroup attribute, ignoring cgroup memory limit: %m");
+                        return mem;
+                }
+
+                if (streq(value, "max"))
+                        return mem;
+        } else {
+                r = cg_get_attribute("memory", root, "memory.limit_in_bytes", &value);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read memory.limit_in_bytes cgroup attribute, ignoring cgroup memory limit: %m");
+                        return mem;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = safe_atou64(value, &lim);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse cgroup memory limit '%s', ignoring: %m", value);
+                return mem;
+        }
+        if (lim == UINT64_MAX)
+                return mem;
+
+        /* Make sure the limit is a multiple of our own page size */
+        lim /= ps;
+        lim *= ps;
+
+        return MIN(mem, lim);
+}
+
+uint64_t physical_memory_scale(uint64_t v, uint64_t max) {
+        uint64_t p, m, ps;
+
+        /* Shortcut two special cases */
+        if (v == 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (v == max)
+                return physical_memory();
+
+        assert(max > 0);
+
+        /* Returns the physical memory size, multiplied by v divided by max. Returns UINT64_MAX on overflow. On success
+         * the result is a multiple of the page size (rounds down). */
+
+        ps = page_size();
+        assert(ps > 0);
+
+        p = physical_memory() / ps;
+        assert(p > 0);
+
+        if (v > UINT64_MAX / p)
+                return UINT64_MAX;
+
+        m = p * v;
+        m /= max;
+
+        if (m > UINT64_MAX / ps)
+                return UINT64_MAX;
+
+        return m * ps;
+}
+
+uint64_t system_tasks_max(void) {
+        uint64_t a = TASKS_MAX, b = TASKS_MAX, c = TASKS_MAX;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *root = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Determine the maximum number of tasks that may run on this system. We check three sources to
+         * determine this limit:
+         *
+         * a) kernel.threads-max sysctl: the maximum number of tasks (threads) the kernel allows.
+         *
+         *    This puts a direct limit on the number of concurrent tasks.
+         *
+         * b) kernel.pid_max sysctl: the maximum PID value.
+         *
+         *    This limits the numeric range PIDs can take, and thus indirectly also limits the number of
+         *    concurrent threads. It's primarily a compatibility concept: some crappy old code used a signed
+         *    16bit type for PIDs, hence the kernel provides a way to ensure the PIDs never go beyond
+         *    INT16_MAX by default.
+         *
+         *    Also note the weird definition: PIDs assigned will be kept below this value, which means
+         *    the number of tasks that can be created is one lower, as PID 0 is not a valid process ID.
+         *
+         * c) pids.max on the root cgroup: the kernel's configured maximum number of tasks.
+         *
+         * and then pick the smallest of the three.
+         *
+         * By default pid_max is set to much lower values than threads-max, hence the limit people come into
+         * contact with first, as it's the lowest boundary they need to bump when they want higher number of
+         * processes.
+         */
+
+        r = procfs_get_threads_max(&a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read kernel.threads-max, ignoring: %m");
+
+        r = procfs_get_pid_max(&b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read kernel.pid_max, ignoring: %m");
+        else if (b > 0)
+                /* Subtract one from pid_max, since PID 0 is not a valid PID */
+                b--;
+
+        r = cg_get_root_path(&root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine cgroup root path, ignoring: %m");
+        else {
+                /* We'll have the "pids.max" attribute on the our root cgroup only if we are in a
+                 * CLONE_NEWCGROUP namespace. On the top-level namespace this attribute is missing, hence
+                 * suppress any message about that */
+                r = cg_get_attribute_as_uint64("pids", root, "pids.max", &c);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENODATA)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read pids.max attribute of root cgroup, ignoring: %m");
+        }
+
+        return MIN3(a, b, c);
+}
+
+uint64_t system_tasks_max_scale(uint64_t v, uint64_t max) {
+        uint64_t t, m;
+
+        /* Shortcut two special cases */
+        if (v == 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (v == max)
+                return system_tasks_max();
+
+        assert(max > 0);
+
+        /* Multiply the system's task value by the fraction v/max. Hence, if max==100 this calculates percentages
+         * relative to the system's maximum number of tasks. Returns UINT64_MAX on overflow. */
+
+        t = system_tasks_max();
+        assert(t > 0);
+
+        if (v > UINT64_MAX / t) /* overflow? */
+                return UINT64_MAX;
+
+        m = t * v;
+        return m / max;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/limits-util.h b/src/basic/limits-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d267fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/limits-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+uint64_t physical_memory(void);
+uint64_t physical_memory_scale(uint64_t v, uint64_t max);
+
+uint64_t system_tasks_max(void);
+uint64_t system_tasks_max_scale(uint64_t v, uint64_t max);
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/README b/src/basic/linux/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..790b4fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/README
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+The files in this directory are copied from current kernel master
+(b06ed1e7a2fa9b636f368a9e97c3c8877623f8b2) or WireGuard master
+(8416093498ac2c754536dad4757c5d86c9ba8809), and the following
+modifications are applied:
+- btrfs.h: drop '__user' attributes
+- if.h: drop '#include <linux/compiler.h>' and '__user' attributes
+- stddef.h: drop '#include <linux/compiler_types.h>'
+- guard linux/fs.h include to avoid conflict with glibc 2.36
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/batman_adv.h b/src/basic/linux/batman_adv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35dc016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/batman_adv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
+/* Copyright (C) B.A.T.M.A.N. contributors:
+ *
+ * Matthias Schiffer
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_BATMAN_ADV_H_
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_BATMAN_ADV_H_
+
+#define BATADV_NL_NAME "batadv"
+
+#define BATADV_NL_MCAST_GROUP_CONFIG	"config"
+#define BATADV_NL_MCAST_GROUP_TPMETER	"tpmeter"
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_tt_client_flags - TT client specific flags
+ *
+ * Bits from 0 to 7 are called _remote flags_ because they are sent on the wire.
+ * Bits from 8 to 15 are called _local flags_ because they are used for local
+ * computations only.
+ *
+ * Bits from 4 to 7 - a subset of remote flags - are ensured to be in sync with
+ * the other nodes in the network. To achieve this goal these flags are included
+ * in the TT CRC computation.
+ */
+enum batadv_tt_client_flags {
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_DEL: the client has to be deleted from the table
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_DEL     = (1 << 0),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_ROAM: the client roamed to/from another node and
+	 * the new update telling its new real location has not been
+	 * received/sent yet
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_ROAM    = (1 << 1),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_WIFI: this client is connected through a wifi
+	 * interface. This information is used by the "AP Isolation" feature
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_WIFI    = (1 << 4),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_ISOLA: this client is considered "isolated". This
+	 * information is used by the Extended Isolation feature
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_ISOLA	 = (1 << 5),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_NOPURGE: this client should never be removed from
+	 * the table
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_NOPURGE = (1 << 8),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_NEW: this client has been added to the local table
+	 * but has not been announced yet
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_NEW     = (1 << 9),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_PENDING: this client is marked for removal but it
+	 * is kept in the table for one more originator interval for consistency
+	 * purposes
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_PENDING = (1 << 10),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TT_CLIENT_TEMP: this global client has been detected to be
+	 * part of the network but no node has already announced it
+	 */
+	BATADV_TT_CLIENT_TEMP	 = (1 << 11),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_mcast_flags_priv - Private, own multicast flags
+ *
+ * These are internal, multicast related flags. Currently they describe certain
+ * multicast related attributes of the segment this originator bridges into the
+ * mesh.
+ *
+ * Those attributes are used to determine the public multicast flags this
+ * originator is going to announce via TT.
+ *
+ * For netlink, if BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_BRIDGED is unset then all querier
+ * related flags are undefined.
+ */
+enum batadv_mcast_flags_priv {
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_BRIDGED: There is a bridge on top of the mesh
+	 * interface.
+	 */
+	BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_BRIDGED			= (1 << 0),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV4_EXISTS: Whether an IGMP querier
+	 * exists in the mesh
+	 */
+	BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV4_EXISTS		= (1 << 1),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV6_EXISTS: Whether an MLD querier
+	 * exists in the mesh
+	 */
+	BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV6_EXISTS		= (1 << 2),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV4_SHADOWING: If an IGMP querier
+	 * exists, whether it is potentially shadowing multicast listeners
+	 * (i.e. querier is behind our own bridge segment)
+	 */
+	BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV4_SHADOWING	= (1 << 3),
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV6_SHADOWING: If an MLD querier
+	 * exists, whether it is potentially shadowing multicast listeners
+	 * (i.e. querier is behind our own bridge segment)
+	 */
+	BATADV_MCAST_FLAGS_QUERIER_IPV6_SHADOWING	= (1 << 4),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_gw_modes - gateway mode of node
+ */
+enum batadv_gw_modes {
+	/** @BATADV_GW_MODE_OFF: gw mode disabled */
+	BATADV_GW_MODE_OFF,
+
+	/** @BATADV_GW_MODE_CLIENT: send DHCP requests to gw servers */
+	BATADV_GW_MODE_CLIENT,
+
+	/** @BATADV_GW_MODE_SERVER: announce itself as gateway server */
+	BATADV_GW_MODE_SERVER,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_nl_attrs - batman-adv netlink attributes
+ */
+enum batadv_nl_attrs {
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_UNSPEC: unspecified attribute to catch errors
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_VERSION: batman-adv version string
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_VERSION,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ALGO_NAME: name of routing algorithm
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ALGO_NAME,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MESH_IFINDEX: index of the batman-adv interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MESH_IFINDEX,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MESH_IFNAME: name of the batman-adv interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MESH_IFNAME,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MESH_ADDRESS: mac address of the batman-adv interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MESH_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_HARD_IFINDEX: index of the non-batman-adv interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_HARD_IFINDEX,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_HARD_IFNAME: name of the non-batman-adv interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_HARD_IFNAME,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_HARD_ADDRESS: mac address of the non-batman-adv
+	 * interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_HARD_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ORIG_ADDRESS: originator mac address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ORIG_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_RESULT: result of run (see
+	 * batadv_tp_meter_status)
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_RESULT,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_TEST_TIME: time (msec) the run took
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_TEST_TIME,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_BYTES: amount of acked bytes during run
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_BYTES,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_COOKIE: session cookie to match tp_meter session
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TPMETER_COOKIE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_PAD,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ACTIVE: Flag indicating if the hard interface is active
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ACTIVE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_ADDRESS: Client MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_TTVN: Translation table version
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_TTVN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_LAST_TTVN: Previous translation table version
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_LAST_TTVN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_CRC32: CRC32 over translation table
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_CRC32,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_VID: VLAN ID
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_VID,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TT_FLAGS: Translation table client flags
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TT_FLAGS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_FLAG_BEST: Flags indicating entry is the best
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_FLAG_BEST,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_LAST_SEEN_MSECS: Time in milliseconds since last seen
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_LAST_SEEN_MSECS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_NEIGH_ADDRESS: Neighbour MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_NEIGH_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_TQ: TQ to neighbour
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_TQ,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_THROUGHPUT: Estimated throughput to Neighbour
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_THROUGHPUT,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BANDWIDTH_UP: Reported uplink bandwidth
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BANDWIDTH_UP,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BANDWIDTH_DOWN: Reported downlink bandwidth
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BANDWIDTH_DOWN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ROUTER: Gateway router MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ROUTER,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BLA_OWN: Flag indicating own originator
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BLA_OWN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BLA_ADDRESS: Bridge loop avoidance claim MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BLA_ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BLA_VID: BLA VLAN ID
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BLA_VID,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BLA_BACKBONE: BLA gateway originator MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BLA_BACKBONE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BLA_CRC: BLA CRC
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BLA_CRC,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_IP4ADDRESS: Client IPv4 address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_IP4ADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_HWADDRESS: Client MAC address
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_HWADDRESS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_VID: VLAN ID
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_DAT_CACHE_VID,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MCAST_FLAGS: Per originator multicast flags
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MCAST_FLAGS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MCAST_FLAGS_PRIV: Private, own multicast flags
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MCAST_FLAGS_PRIV,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_VLANID: VLAN id on top of soft interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_VLANID,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_AGGREGATED_OGMS_ENABLED: whether the batman protocol
+	 *  messages of the mesh interface shall be aggregated or not.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_AGGREGATED_OGMS_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_AP_ISOLATION_ENABLED: whether the data traffic going
+	 *  from a wireless client to another wireless client will be silently
+	 *  dropped.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_AP_ISOLATION_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ISOLATION_MARK: the isolation mark which is used to
+	 *  classify clients as "isolated" by the Extended Isolation feature.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ISOLATION_MARK,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ISOLATION_MASK: the isolation (bit)mask which is used to
+	 *  classify clients as "isolated" by the Extended Isolation feature.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ISOLATION_MASK,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BONDING_ENABLED: whether the data traffic going through
+	 *  the mesh will be sent using multiple interfaces at the same time.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BONDING_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_BRIDGE_LOOP_AVOIDANCE_ENABLED: whether the bridge loop
+	 *  avoidance feature is enabled. This feature detects and avoids loops
+	 *  between the mesh and devices bridged with the soft interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_BRIDGE_LOOP_AVOIDANCE_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_DISTRIBUTED_ARP_TABLE_ENABLED: whether the distributed
+	 *  arp table feature is enabled. This feature uses a distributed hash
+	 *  table to answer ARP requests without flooding the request through
+	 *  the whole mesh.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_DISTRIBUTED_ARP_TABLE_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_FRAGMENTATION_ENABLED: whether the data traffic going
+	 *  through the mesh will be fragmented or silently discarded if the
+	 *  packet size exceeds the outgoing interface MTU.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_FRAGMENTATION_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_DOWN: defines the download bandwidth which
+	 *  is propagated by this node if %BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_MODE was set
+	 *  to 'server'.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_DOWN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_UP: defines the upload bandwidth which
+	 *  is propagated by this node if %BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_MODE was set
+	 *  to 'server'.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_GW_BANDWIDTH_UP,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_GW_MODE: defines the state of the gateway features.
+	 * Possible values are specified in enum batadv_gw_modes
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_GW_MODE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_GW_SEL_CLASS: defines the selection criteria this node
+	 *  will use to choose a gateway if gw_mode was set to 'client'.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_GW_SEL_CLASS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_HOP_PENALTY: defines the penalty which will be applied
+	 *  to an originator message's tq-field on every hop and/or per
+	 *  hard interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_HOP_PENALTY,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_LOG_LEVEL: bitmask with to define which debug messages
+	 *  should be send to the debug log/trace ring buffer
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_LOG_LEVEL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MULTICAST_FORCEFLOOD_ENABLED: whether multicast
+	 *  optimizations should be replaced by simple broadcast-like flooding
+	 *  of multicast packets. If set to non-zero then all nodes in the mesh
+	 *  are going to use classic flooding for any multicast packet with no
+	 *  optimizations.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MULTICAST_FORCEFLOOD_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_NETWORK_CODING_ENABLED: whether Network Coding (using
+	 *  some magic to send fewer wifi packets but still the same content) is
+	 *  enabled or not.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_NETWORK_CODING_ENABLED,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ORIG_INTERVAL: defines the interval in milliseconds in
+	 *  which batman sends its protocol messages.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ORIG_INTERVAL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_ELP_INTERVAL: defines the interval in milliseconds in
+	 *  which batman emits probing packets for neighbor sensing (ELP).
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_ELP_INTERVAL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_THROUGHPUT_OVERRIDE: defines the throughput value to be
+	 *  used by B.A.T.M.A.N. V when estimating the link throughput using
+	 *  this interface. If the value is set to 0 then batman-adv will try to
+	 *  estimate the throughput by itself.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_THROUGHPUT_OVERRIDE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MULTICAST_FANOUT: defines the maximum number of packet
+	 * copies that may be generated for a multicast-to-unicast conversion.
+	 * Once this limit is exceeded distribution will fall back to broadcast.
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MULTICAST_FANOUT,
+
+	/* add attributes above here, update the policy in netlink.c */
+
+	/**
+	 * @__BATADV_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+	 */
+	__BATADV_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+
+	/**
+	 * @NUM_BATADV_ATTR: total number of batadv_nl_attrs available
+	 */
+	NUM_BATADV_ATTR = __BATADV_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number currently defined
+	 */
+	BATADV_ATTR_MAX = __BATADV_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_nl_commands - supported batman-adv netlink commands
+ */
+enum batadv_nl_commands {
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_UNSPEC: unspecified command to catch errors
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_UNSPEC,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH: Get attributes from softif/mesh
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH_INFO: Alias for @BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH_INFO = BATADV_CMD_GET_MESH,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_TP_METER: Start a tp meter session
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_TP_METER,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_TP_METER_CANCEL: Cancel a tp meter session
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_TP_METER_CANCEL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_ROUTING_ALGOS: Query the list of routing algorithms.
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_ROUTING_ALGOS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIF: Get attributes from a hardif of the
+	 *  current softif
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIF,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIFS: Alias for @BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIF
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIFS = BATADV_CMD_GET_HARDIF,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_TRANSTABLE_LOCAL: Query list of local translations
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_TRANSTABLE_LOCAL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_TRANSTABLE_GLOBAL: Query list of global translations
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_TRANSTABLE_GLOBAL,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_ORIGINATORS: Query list of originators
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_ORIGINATORS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_NEIGHBORS: Query list of neighbours
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_NEIGHBORS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_GATEWAYS: Query list of gateways
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_GATEWAYS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_BLA_CLAIM: Query list of bridge loop avoidance claims
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_BLA_CLAIM,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_BLA_BACKBONE: Query list of bridge loop avoidance
+	 * backbones
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_BLA_BACKBONE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_DAT_CACHE: Query list of DAT cache entries
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_DAT_CACHE,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_MCAST_FLAGS: Query list of multicast flags
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_MCAST_FLAGS,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_SET_MESH: Set attributes for softif/mesh
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_SET_MESH,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_SET_HARDIF: Set attributes for hardif of the
+	 *  current softif
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_SET_HARDIF,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_GET_VLAN: Get attributes from a VLAN of the
+	 *  current softif
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_GET_VLAN,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_SET_VLAN: Set attributes for VLAN of the
+	 *  current softif
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_SET_VLAN,
+
+	/* add new commands above here */
+
+	/**
+	 * @__BATADV_CMD_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+	 */
+	__BATADV_CMD_AFTER_LAST,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_CMD_MAX: highest used command number
+	 */
+	BATADV_CMD_MAX = __BATADV_CMD_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_tp_meter_reason - reason of a tp meter test run stop
+ */
+enum batadv_tp_meter_reason {
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_COMPLETE: sender finished tp run
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_COMPLETE		= 3,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_CANCEL: sender was stopped during run
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_CANCEL			= 4,
+
+	/* error status >= 128 */
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_DST_UNREACHABLE: receiver could not be reached or
+	 * didn't answer
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_DST_UNREACHABLE	= 128,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_RESEND_LIMIT: (unused) sender retry reached limit
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_RESEND_LIMIT		= 129,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_ALREADY_ONGOING: test to or from the same node
+	 * already ongoing
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_ALREADY_ONGOING	= 130,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_MEMORY_ERROR: test was stopped due to low memory
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_MEMORY_ERROR		= 131,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_CANT_SEND: failed to send via outgoing interface
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_CANT_SEND		= 132,
+
+	/**
+	 * @BATADV_TP_REASON_TOO_MANY: too many ongoing sessions
+	 */
+	BATADV_TP_REASON_TOO_MANY		= 133,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum batadv_ifla_attrs - batman-adv ifla nested attributes
+ */
+enum batadv_ifla_attrs {
+	/**
+	 * @IFLA_BATADV_UNSPEC: unspecified attribute which is not parsed by
+	 *  rtnetlink
+	 */
+	IFLA_BATADV_UNSPEC,
+
+	/**
+	 * @IFLA_BATADV_ALGO_NAME: routing algorithm (name) which should be
+	 *  used by the newly registered batadv net_device.
+	 */
+	IFLA_BATADV_ALGO_NAME,
+
+	/* add attributes above here, update the policy in soft-interface.c */
+
+	/**
+	 * @__IFLA_BATADV_MAX: internal use
+	 */
+	__IFLA_BATADV_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BATADV_MAX (__IFLA_BATADV_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_BATMAN_ADV_H_ */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/btrfs.h b/src/basic/linux/btrfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74ed908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/btrfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1173 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Oracle.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
+ * License v2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+ * License along with this program; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 021110-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_BTRFS_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_BTRFS_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/ioctl.h>
+#if WANT_LINUX_FS_H
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#endif
+
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC 0x94
+#define BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX 255
+#define BTRFS_LABEL_SIZE 256
+
+/* this should be 4k */
+#define BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX 4087
+struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args {
+	__s64 fd;
+	char name[BTRFS_PATH_NAME_MAX + 1];
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_DEVICE_PATH_NAME_MAX	1024
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_NAME_MAX 		4039
+
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+/* Deprecated since 5.7 */
+# define BTRFS_SUBVOL_CREATE_ASYNC	(1ULL << 0)
+#endif
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY		(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_QGROUP_INHERIT	(1ULL << 2)
+
+#define BTRFS_DEVICE_SPEC_BY_ID		(1ULL << 3)
+
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID	(1ULL << 4)
+
+#define BTRFS_VOL_ARG_V2_FLAGS_SUPPORTED		\
+			(BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY |		\
+			BTRFS_SUBVOL_QGROUP_INHERIT |	\
+			BTRFS_DEVICE_SPEC_BY_ID |	\
+			BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID)
+
+#define BTRFS_FSID_SIZE 16
+#define BTRFS_UUID_SIZE 16
+#define BTRFS_UUID_UNPARSED_SIZE	37
+
+/*
+ * flags definition for qgroup limits
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_qgroup_limit.flags
+ * struct btrfs_qgroup_limit_item.flags
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_MAX_RFER	(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_MAX_EXCL	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_RSV_RFER	(1ULL << 2)
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_RSV_EXCL	(1ULL << 3)
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_RFER_CMPR	(1ULL << 4)
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_EXCL_CMPR	(1ULL << 5)
+
+struct btrfs_qgroup_limit {
+	__u64	flags;
+	__u64	max_rfer;
+	__u64	max_excl;
+	__u64	rsv_rfer;
+	__u64	rsv_excl;
+};
+
+/*
+ * flags definition for qgroup inheritance
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit.flags
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_INHERIT_SET_LIMITS	(1ULL << 0)
+
+struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit {
+	__u64	flags;
+	__u64	num_qgroups;
+	__u64	num_ref_copies;
+	__u64	num_excl_copies;
+	struct btrfs_qgroup_limit lim;
+	__u64	qgroups[];
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_limit_args {
+	__u64	qgroupid;
+	struct btrfs_qgroup_limit lim;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Arguments for specification of subvolumes or devices, supporting by-name or
+ * by-id and flags
+ *
+ * The set of supported flags depends on the ioctl
+ *
+ * BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY is also provided/consumed by the following ioctls:
+ * - BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS
+ * - BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SETFLAGS
+ */
+
+/* Supported flags for BTRFS_IOC_RM_DEV_V2 */
+#define BTRFS_DEVICE_REMOVE_ARGS_MASK					\
+	(BTRFS_DEVICE_SPEC_BY_ID)
+
+/* Supported flags for BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE_V2 and BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE_V2 */
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_CREATE_ARGS_MASK					\
+	 (BTRFS_SUBVOL_RDONLY |						\
+	 BTRFS_SUBVOL_QGROUP_INHERIT)
+
+/* Supported flags for BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY_V2 */
+#define BTRFS_SUBVOL_DELETE_ARGS_MASK					\
+	(BTRFS_SUBVOL_SPEC_BY_ID)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 {
+	__s64 fd;
+	__u64 transid;
+	__u64 flags;
+	union {
+		struct {
+			__u64 size;
+			struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit *qgroup_inherit;
+		};
+		__u64 unused[4];
+	};
+	union {
+		char name[BTRFS_SUBVOL_NAME_MAX + 1];
+		__u64 devid;
+		__u64 subvolid;
+	};
+};
+
+/*
+ * structure to report errors and progress to userspace, either as a
+ * result of a finished scrub, a canceled scrub or a progress inquiry
+ */
+struct btrfs_scrub_progress {
+	__u64 data_extents_scrubbed;	/* # of data extents scrubbed */
+	__u64 tree_extents_scrubbed;	/* # of tree extents scrubbed */
+	__u64 data_bytes_scrubbed;	/* # of data bytes scrubbed */
+	__u64 tree_bytes_scrubbed;	/* # of tree bytes scrubbed */
+	__u64 read_errors;		/* # of read errors encountered (EIO) */
+	__u64 csum_errors;		/* # of failed csum checks */
+	__u64 verify_errors;		/* # of occurrences, where the metadata
+					 * of a tree block did not match the
+					 * expected values, like generation or
+					 * logical */
+	__u64 no_csum;			/* # of 4k data block for which no csum
+					 * is present, probably the result of
+					 * data written with nodatasum */
+	__u64 csum_discards;		/* # of csum for which no data was found
+					 * in the extent tree. */
+	__u64 super_errors;		/* # of bad super blocks encountered */
+	__u64 malloc_errors;		/* # of internal kmalloc errors. These
+					 * will likely cause an incomplete
+					 * scrub */
+	__u64 uncorrectable_errors;	/* # of errors where either no intact
+					 * copy was found or the writeback
+					 * failed */
+	__u64 corrected_errors;		/* # of errors corrected */
+	__u64 last_physical;		/* last physical address scrubbed. In
+					 * case a scrub was aborted, this can
+					 * be used to restart the scrub */
+	__u64 unverified_errors;	/* # of occurrences where a read for a
+					 * full (64k) bio failed, but the re-
+					 * check succeeded for each 4k piece.
+					 * Intermittent error. */
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_SCRUB_READONLY	1
+struct btrfs_ioctl_scrub_args {
+	__u64 devid;				/* in */
+	__u64 start;				/* in */
+	__u64 end;				/* in */
+	__u64 flags;				/* in */
+	struct btrfs_scrub_progress progress;	/* out */
+	/* pad to 1k */
+	__u64 unused[(1024-32-sizeof(struct btrfs_scrub_progress))/8];
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_CONT_READING_FROM_SRCDEV_MODE_ALWAYS	0
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_CONT_READING_FROM_SRCDEV_MODE_AVOID	1
+struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_start_params {
+	__u64 srcdevid;	/* in, if 0, use srcdev_name instead */
+	__u64 cont_reading_from_srcdev_mode;	/* in, see #define
+						 * above */
+	__u8 srcdev_name[BTRFS_DEVICE_PATH_NAME_MAX + 1];	/* in */
+	__u8 tgtdev_name[BTRFS_DEVICE_PATH_NAME_MAX + 1];	/* in */
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_STATE_NEVER_STARTED	0
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_STATE_STARTED		1
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_STATE_FINISHED		2
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_STATE_CANCELED		3
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_STATE_SUSPENDED		4
+struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_status_params {
+	__u64 replace_state;	/* out, see #define above */
+	__u64 progress_1000;	/* out, 0 <= x <= 1000 */
+	__u64 time_started;	/* out, seconds since 1-Jan-1970 */
+	__u64 time_stopped;	/* out, seconds since 1-Jan-1970 */
+	__u64 num_write_errors;	/* out */
+	__u64 num_uncorrectable_read_errors;	/* out */
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_CMD_START			0
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_CMD_STATUS			1
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_CMD_CANCEL			2
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_RESULT_NO_ERROR			0
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_RESULT_NOT_STARTED		1
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_RESULT_ALREADY_STARTED		2
+#define BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_RESULT_SCRUB_INPROGRESS		3
+struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_args {
+	__u64 cmd;	/* in */
+	__u64 result;	/* out */
+
+	union {
+		struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_start_params start;
+		struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_status_params status;
+	};	/* in/out */
+
+	__u64 spare[64];
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_info_args {
+	__u64 devid;				/* in/out */
+	__u8 uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];		/* in/out */
+	__u64 bytes_used;			/* out */
+	__u64 total_bytes;			/* out */
+	__u64 unused[379];			/* pad to 4k */
+	__u8 path[BTRFS_DEVICE_PATH_NAME_MAX];	/* out */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Retrieve information about the filesystem
+ */
+
+/* Request information about checksum type and size */
+#define BTRFS_FS_INFO_FLAG_CSUM_INFO			(1 << 0)
+
+/* Request information about filesystem generation */
+#define BTRFS_FS_INFO_FLAG_GENERATION			(1 << 1)
+/* Request information about filesystem metadata UUID */
+#define BTRFS_FS_INFO_FLAG_METADATA_UUID		(1 << 2)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_fs_info_args {
+	__u64 max_id;				/* out */
+	__u64 num_devices;			/* out */
+	__u8 fsid[BTRFS_FSID_SIZE];		/* out */
+	__u32 nodesize;				/* out */
+	__u32 sectorsize;			/* out */
+	__u32 clone_alignment;			/* out */
+	/* See BTRFS_FS_INFO_FLAG_* */
+	__u16 csum_type;			/* out */
+	__u16 csum_size;			/* out */
+	__u64 flags;				/* in/out */
+	__u64 generation;			/* out */
+	__u8 metadata_uuid[BTRFS_FSID_SIZE];	/* out */
+	__u8 reserved[944];			/* pad to 1k */
+};
+
+/*
+ * feature flags
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_ioctl_feature_flags
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_COMPAT_RO_FREE_SPACE_TREE		(1ULL << 0)
+/*
+ * Older kernels (< 4.9) on big-endian systems produced broken free space tree
+ * bitmaps, and btrfs-progs also used to corrupt the free space tree (versions
+ * < 4.7.3).  If this bit is clear, then the free space tree cannot be trusted.
+ * btrfs-progs can also intentionally clear this bit to ask the kernel to
+ * rebuild the free space tree, however this might not work on older kernels
+ * that do not know about this bit. If not sure, clear the cache manually on
+ * first mount when booting older kernel versions.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_COMPAT_RO_FREE_SPACE_TREE_VALID	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_COMPAT_RO_VERITY			(1ULL << 2)
+
+/*
+ * Put all block group items into a dedicated block group tree, greatly
+ * reducing mount time for large filesystem due to better locality.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_COMPAT_RO_BLOCK_GROUP_TREE	(1ULL << 3)
+
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MIXED_BACKREF	(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_DEFAULT_SUBVOL	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_MIXED_GROUPS	(1ULL << 2)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_COMPRESS_LZO	(1ULL << 3)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_COMPRESS_ZSTD	(1ULL << 4)
+
+/*
+ * older kernels tried to do bigger metadata blocks, but the
+ * code was pretty buggy.  Lets not let them try anymore.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_BIG_METADATA	(1ULL << 5)
+
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENDED_IREF	(1ULL << 6)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RAID56		(1ULL << 7)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_SKINNY_METADATA	(1ULL << 8)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_NO_HOLES		(1ULL << 9)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_METADATA_UUID	(1ULL << 10)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RAID1C34		(1ULL << 11)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ZONED		(1ULL << 12)
+#define BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENT_TREE_V2	(1ULL << 13)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_feature_flags {
+	__u64 compat_flags;
+	__u64 compat_ro_flags;
+	__u64 incompat_flags;
+};
+
+/* balance control ioctl modes */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_CTL_PAUSE		1
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_CTL_CANCEL	2
+
+/*
+ * this is packed, because it should be exactly the same as its disk
+ * byte order counterpart (struct btrfs_disk_balance_args)
+ */
+struct btrfs_balance_args {
+	__u64 profiles;
+
+	/*
+	 * usage filter
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE with a single value means '0..N'
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE_RANGE - range syntax, min..max
+	 */
+	union {
+		__u64 usage;
+		struct {
+			__u32 usage_min;
+			__u32 usage_max;
+		};
+	};
+	__u64 devid;
+	__u64 pstart;
+	__u64 pend;
+	__u64 vstart;
+	__u64 vend;
+
+	__u64 target;
+
+	__u64 flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT with value 'limit'
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT_RANGE - the extend version can use minimum
+	 * and maximum
+	 */
+	union {
+		__u64 limit;		/* limit number of processed chunks */
+		struct {
+			__u32 limit_min;
+			__u32 limit_max;
+		};
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * Process chunks that cross stripes_min..stripes_max devices,
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_STRIPES_RANGE
+	 */
+	__u32 stripes_min;
+	__u32 stripes_max;
+
+	__u64 unused[6];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/* report balance progress to userspace */
+struct btrfs_balance_progress {
+	__u64 expected;		/* estimated # of chunks that will be
+				 * relocated to fulfill the request */
+	__u64 considered;	/* # of chunks we have considered so far */
+	__u64 completed;	/* # of chunks relocated so far */
+};
+
+/*
+ * flags definition for balance
+ *
+ * Restriper's general type filter
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * btrfs_ioctl_balance_args.flags
+ * btrfs_balance_control.flags (internal)
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_DATA		(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_SYSTEM		(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_METADATA		(1ULL << 2)
+
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_TYPE_MASK		(BTRFS_BALANCE_DATA |	    \
+					 BTRFS_BALANCE_SYSTEM |	    \
+					 BTRFS_BALANCE_METADATA)
+
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_FORCE		(1ULL << 3)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_RESUME		(1ULL << 4)
+
+/*
+ * flags definitions for per-type balance args
+ *
+ * Balance filters
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_balance_args
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_PROFILES	(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_DEVID	(1ULL << 2)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_DRANGE	(1ULL << 3)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_VRANGE	(1ULL << 4)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT	(1ULL << 5)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT_RANGE	(1ULL << 6)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_STRIPES_RANGE (1ULL << 7)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE_RANGE	(1ULL << 10)
+
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_MASK			\
+	(BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_PROFILES |		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE |		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_DEVID | 		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_DRANGE |		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_VRANGE |		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT |		\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT_RANGE |	\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_STRIPES_RANGE |	\
+	 BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE_RANGE)
+
+/*
+ * Profile changing flags.  When SOFT is set we won't relocate chunk if
+ * it already has the target profile (even though it may be
+ * half-filled).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_CONVERT	(1ULL << 8)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_SOFT		(1ULL << 9)
+
+
+/*
+ * flags definition for balance state
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_ioctl_balance_args.state
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_STATE_RUNNING	(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_STATE_PAUSE_REQ	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_STATE_CANCEL_REQ	(1ULL << 2)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_balance_args {
+	__u64 flags;				/* in/out */
+	__u64 state;				/* out */
+
+	struct btrfs_balance_args data;		/* in/out */
+	struct btrfs_balance_args meta;		/* in/out */
+	struct btrfs_balance_args sys;		/* in/out */
+
+	struct btrfs_balance_progress stat;	/* out */
+
+	__u64 unused[72];			/* pad to 1k */
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_PATH_MAX 4080
+struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_args {
+	__u64 treeid;
+	__u64 objectid;
+	char name[BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_PATH_MAX];
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_USER_PATH_MAX (4080 - BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX - 1)
+struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_user_args {
+	/* in, inode number containing the subvolume of 'subvolid' */
+	__u64 dirid;
+	/* in */
+	__u64 treeid;
+	/* out, name of the subvolume of 'treeid' */
+	char name[BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX + 1];
+	/*
+	 * out, constructed path from the directory with which the ioctl is
+	 * called to dirid
+	 */
+	char path[BTRFS_INO_LOOKUP_USER_PATH_MAX];
+};
+
+/* Search criteria for the btrfs SEARCH ioctl family. */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_search_key {
+	/*
+	 * The tree we're searching in. 1 is the tree of tree roots, 2 is the
+	 * extent tree, etc...
+	 *
+	 * A special tree_id value of 0 will cause a search in the subvolume
+	 * tree that the inode which is passed to the ioctl is part of.
+	 */
+	__u64 tree_id;		/* in */
+
+	/*
+	 * When doing a tree search, we're actually taking a slice from a
+	 * linear search space of 136-bit keys.
+	 *
+	 * A full 136-bit tree key is composed as:
+	 *   (objectid << 72) + (type << 64) + offset
+	 *
+	 * The individual min and max values for objectid, type and offset
+	 * define the min_key and max_key values for the search range. All
+	 * metadata items with a key in the interval [min_key, max_key] will be
+	 * returned.
+	 *
+	 * Additionally, we can filter the items returned on transaction id of
+	 * the metadata block they're stored in by specifying a transid range.
+	 * Be aware that this transaction id only denotes when the metadata
+	 * page that currently contains the item got written the last time as
+	 * result of a COW operation.  The number does not have any meaning
+	 * related to the transaction in which an individual item that is being
+	 * returned was created or changed.
+	 */
+	__u64 min_objectid;	/* in */
+	__u64 max_objectid;	/* in */
+	__u64 min_offset;	/* in */
+	__u64 max_offset;	/* in */
+	__u64 min_transid;	/* in */
+	__u64 max_transid;	/* in */
+	__u32 min_type;		/* in */
+	__u32 max_type;		/* in */
+
+	/*
+	 * input: The maximum amount of results desired.
+	 * output: The actual amount of items returned, restricted by any of:
+	 *  - reaching the upper bound of the search range
+	 *  - reaching the input nr_items amount of items
+	 *  - completely filling the supplied memory buffer
+	 */
+	__u32 nr_items;		/* in/out */
+
+	/* align to 64 bits */
+	__u32 unused;
+
+	/* some extra for later */
+	__u64 unused1;
+	__u64 unused2;
+	__u64 unused3;
+	__u64 unused4;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_search_header {
+	__u64 transid;
+	__u64 objectid;
+	__u64 offset;
+	__u32 type;
+	__u32 len;
+} __attribute__ ((__may_alias__));
+
+#define BTRFS_SEARCH_ARGS_BUFSIZE (4096 - sizeof(struct btrfs_ioctl_search_key))
+/*
+ * the buf is an array of search headers where
+ * each header is followed by the actual item
+ * the type field is expanded to 32 bits for alignment
+ */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_search_args {
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_search_key key;
+	char buf[BTRFS_SEARCH_ARGS_BUFSIZE];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Extended version of TREE_SEARCH ioctl that can return more than 4k of bytes.
+ * The allocated size of the buffer is set in buf_size.
+ */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_search_args_v2 {
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_search_key key; /* in/out - search parameters */
+	__u64 buf_size;		   /* in - size of buffer
+					    * out - on EOVERFLOW: needed size
+					    *       to store item */
+	__u64 buf[];                       /* out - found items */
+};
+
+/* With a @src_length of zero, the range from @src_offset->EOF is cloned! */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_clone_range_args {
+	__s64 src_fd;
+	__u64 src_offset, src_length;
+	__u64 dest_offset;
+};
+
+/*
+ * flags definition for the defrag range ioctl
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_ioctl_defrag_range_args.flags
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DEFRAG_RANGE_COMPRESS 1
+#define BTRFS_DEFRAG_RANGE_START_IO 2
+struct btrfs_ioctl_defrag_range_args {
+	/* start of the defrag operation */
+	__u64 start;
+
+	/* number of bytes to defrag, use (u64)-1 to say all */
+	__u64 len;
+
+	/*
+	 * flags for the operation, which can include turning
+	 * on compression for this one defrag
+	 */
+	__u64 flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * any extent bigger than this will be considered
+	 * already defragged.  Use 0 to take the kernel default
+	 * Use 1 to say every single extent must be rewritten
+	 */
+	__u32 extent_thresh;
+
+	/*
+	 * which compression method to use if turning on compression
+	 * for this defrag operation.  If unspecified, zlib will
+	 * be used
+	 */
+	__u32 compress_type;
+
+	/* spare for later */
+	__u32 unused[4];
+};
+
+
+#define BTRFS_SAME_DATA_DIFFERS	1
+/* For extent-same ioctl */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_same_extent_info {
+	__s64 fd;		/* in - destination file */
+	__u64 logical_offset;	/* in - start of extent in destination */
+	__u64 bytes_deduped;	/* out - total # of bytes we were able
+				 * to dedupe from this file */
+	/* status of this dedupe operation:
+	 * 0 if dedup succeeds
+	 * < 0 for error
+	 * == BTRFS_SAME_DATA_DIFFERS if data differs
+	 */
+	__s32 status;		/* out - see above description */
+	__u32 reserved;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_same_args {
+	__u64 logical_offset;	/* in - start of extent in source */
+	__u64 length;		/* in - length of extent */
+	__u16 dest_count;	/* in - total elements in info array */
+	__u16 reserved1;
+	__u32 reserved2;
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_same_extent_info info[];
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_space_info {
+	__u64 flags;
+	__u64 total_bytes;
+	__u64 used_bytes;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_space_args {
+	__u64 space_slots;
+	__u64 total_spaces;
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_space_info spaces[];
+};
+
+struct btrfs_data_container {
+	__u32	bytes_left;	/* out -- bytes not needed to deliver output */
+	__u32	bytes_missing;	/* out -- additional bytes needed for result */
+	__u32	elem_cnt;	/* out */
+	__u32	elem_missed;	/* out */
+	__u64	val[];		/* out */
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_path_args {
+	__u64				inum;		/* in */
+	__u64				size;		/* in */
+	__u64				reserved[4];
+	/* struct btrfs_data_container	*fspath;	   out */
+	__u64				fspath;		/* out */
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_logical_ino_args {
+	__u64				logical;	/* in */
+	__u64				size;		/* in */
+	__u64				reserved[3];	/* must be 0 for now */
+	__u64				flags;		/* in, v2 only */
+	/* struct btrfs_data_container	*inodes;	out   */
+	__u64				inodes;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Return every ref to the extent, not just those containing logical block.
+ * Requires logical == extent bytenr.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_LOGICAL_INO_ARGS_IGNORE_OFFSET	(1ULL << 0)
+
+enum btrfs_dev_stat_values {
+	/* disk I/O failure stats */
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_WRITE_ERRS, /* EIO or EREMOTEIO from lower layers */
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_READ_ERRS, /* EIO or EREMOTEIO from lower layers */
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_FLUSH_ERRS, /* EIO or EREMOTEIO from lower layers */
+
+	/* stats for indirect indications for I/O failures */
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_CORRUPTION_ERRS, /* checksum error, bytenr error or
+					 * contents is illegal: this is an
+					 * indication that the block was damaged
+					 * during read or write, or written to
+					 * wrong location or read from wrong
+					 * location */
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_GENERATION_ERRS, /* an indication that blocks have not
+					 * been written */
+
+	BTRFS_DEV_STAT_VALUES_MAX
+};
+
+/* Reset statistics after reading; needs SYS_ADMIN capability */
+#define	BTRFS_DEV_STATS_RESET		(1ULL << 0)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_get_dev_stats {
+	__u64 devid;				/* in */
+	__u64 nr_items;				/* in/out */
+	__u64 flags;				/* in/out */
+
+	/* out values: */
+	__u64 values[BTRFS_DEV_STAT_VALUES_MAX];
+
+	/*
+	 * This pads the struct to 1032 bytes. It was originally meant to pad to
+	 * 1024 bytes, but when adding the flags field, the padding calculation
+	 * was not adjusted.
+	 */
+	__u64 unused[128 - 2 - BTRFS_DEV_STAT_VALUES_MAX];
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_QUOTA_CTL_ENABLE	1
+#define BTRFS_QUOTA_CTL_DISABLE	2
+#define BTRFS_QUOTA_CTL_RESCAN__NOTUSED	3
+struct btrfs_ioctl_quota_ctl_args {
+	__u64 cmd;
+	__u64 status;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_quota_rescan_args {
+	__u64	flags;
+	__u64   progress;
+	__u64   reserved[6];
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign_args {
+	__u64 assign;
+	__u64 src;
+	__u64 dst;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_create_args {
+	__u64 create;
+	__u64 qgroupid;
+};
+struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec {
+	__u64 sec;
+	__u32 nsec;
+};
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_received_subvol_args {
+	char	uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];	/* in */
+	__u64	stransid;		/* in */
+	__u64	rtransid;		/* out */
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec stime; /* in */
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec rtime; /* out */
+	__u64	flags;			/* in */
+	__u64	reserved[16];		/* in */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Caller doesn't want file data in the send stream, even if the
+ * search of clone sources doesn't find an extent. UPDATE_EXTENT
+ * commands will be sent instead of WRITE commands.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_NO_FILE_DATA		0x1
+
+/*
+ * Do not add the leading stream header. Used when multiple snapshots
+ * are sent back to back.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_OMIT_STREAM_HEADER	0x2
+
+/*
+ * Omit the command at the end of the stream that indicated the end
+ * of the stream. This option is used when multiple snapshots are
+ * sent back to back.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_OMIT_END_CMD		0x4
+
+/*
+ * Read the protocol version in the structure
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_VERSION			0x8
+
+/*
+ * Send compressed data using the ENCODED_WRITE command instead of decompressing
+ * the data and sending it with the WRITE command. This requires protocol
+ * version >= 2.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_COMPRESSED		0x10
+
+#define BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_MASK \
+	(BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_NO_FILE_DATA | \
+	 BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_OMIT_STREAM_HEADER | \
+	 BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_OMIT_END_CMD | \
+	 BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_VERSION | \
+	 BTRFS_SEND_FLAG_COMPRESSED)
+
+struct btrfs_ioctl_send_args {
+	__s64 send_fd;			/* in */
+	__u64 clone_sources_count;	/* in */
+	__u64 *clone_sources;	/* in */
+	__u64 parent_root;		/* in */
+	__u64 flags;			/* in */
+	__u32 version;			/* in */
+	__u8  reserved[28];		/* in */
+};
+
+/*
+ * Information about a fs tree root.
+ *
+ * All items are filled by the ioctl
+ */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_info_args {
+	/* Id of this subvolume */
+	__u64 treeid;
+
+	/* Name of this subvolume, used to get the real name at mount point */
+	char name[BTRFS_VOL_NAME_MAX + 1];
+
+	/*
+	 * Id of the subvolume which contains this subvolume.
+	 * Zero for top-level subvolume or a deleted subvolume.
+	 */
+	__u64 parent_id;
+
+	/*
+	 * Inode number of the directory which contains this subvolume.
+	 * Zero for top-level subvolume or a deleted subvolume
+	 */
+	__u64 dirid;
+
+	/* Latest transaction id of this subvolume */
+	__u64 generation;
+
+	/* Flags of this subvolume */
+	__u64 flags;
+
+	/* UUID of this subvolume */
+	__u8 uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+
+	/*
+	 * UUID of the subvolume of which this subvolume is a snapshot.
+	 * All zero for a non-snapshot subvolume.
+	 */
+	__u8 parent_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+
+	/*
+	 * UUID of the subvolume from which this subvolume was received.
+	 * All zero for non-received subvolume.
+	 */
+	__u8 received_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+
+	/* Transaction id indicating when change/create/send/receive happened */
+	__u64 ctransid;
+	__u64 otransid;
+	__u64 stransid;
+	__u64 rtransid;
+	/* Time corresponding to c/o/s/rtransid */
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec ctime;
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec otime;
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec stime;
+	struct btrfs_ioctl_timespec rtime;
+
+	/* Must be zero */
+	__u64 reserved[8];
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_MAX_ROOTREF_BUFFER_NUM 255
+struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args {
+		/* in/out, minimum id of rootref's treeid to be searched */
+		__u64 min_treeid;
+
+		/* out */
+		struct {
+			__u64 treeid;
+			__u64 dirid;
+		} rootref[BTRFS_MAX_ROOTREF_BUFFER_NUM];
+
+		/* out, number of found items */
+		__u8 num_items;
+		__u8 align[7];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Data and metadata for an encoded read or write.
+ *
+ * Encoded I/O bypasses any encoding automatically done by the filesystem (e.g.,
+ * compression). This can be used to read the compressed contents of a file or
+ * write pre-compressed data directly to a file.
+ *
+ * BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_READ and BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_WRITE are essentially
+ * preadv/pwritev with additional metadata about how the data is encoded and the
+ * size of the unencoded data.
+ *
+ * BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_READ fills the given iovecs with the encoded data, fills
+ * the metadata fields, and returns the size of the encoded data. It reads one
+ * extent per call. It can also read data which is not encoded.
+ *
+ * BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_WRITE uses the metadata fields, writes the encoded data
+ * from the iovecs, and returns the size of the encoded data. Note that the
+ * encoded data is not validated when it is written; if it is not valid (e.g.,
+ * it cannot be decompressed), then a subsequent read may return an error.
+ *
+ * Since the filesystem page cache contains decoded data, encoded I/O bypasses
+ * the page cache. Encoded I/O requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
+ */
+struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args {
+	/* Input parameters for both reads and writes. */
+
+	/*
+	 * iovecs containing encoded data.
+	 *
+	 * For reads, if the size of the encoded data is larger than the sum of
+	 * iov[n].iov_len for 0 <= n < iovcnt, then the ioctl fails with
+	 * ENOBUFS.
+	 *
+	 * For writes, the size of the encoded data is the sum of iov[n].iov_len
+	 * for 0 <= n < iovcnt. This must be less than 128 KiB (this limit may
+	 * increase in the future). This must also be less than or equal to
+	 * unencoded_len.
+	 */
+	const struct iovec *iov;
+	/* Number of iovecs. */
+	unsigned long iovcnt;
+	/*
+	 * Offset in file.
+	 *
+	 * For writes, must be aligned to the sector size of the filesystem.
+	 */
+	__s64 offset;
+	/* Currently must be zero. */
+	__u64 flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * For reads, the following members are output parameters that will
+	 * contain the returned metadata for the encoded data.
+	 * For writes, the following members must be set to the metadata for the
+	 * encoded data.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Length of the data in the file.
+	 *
+	 * Must be less than or equal to unencoded_len - unencoded_offset. For
+	 * writes, must be aligned to the sector size of the filesystem unless
+	 * the data ends at or beyond the current end of the file.
+	 */
+	__u64 len;
+	/*
+	 * Length of the unencoded (i.e., decrypted and decompressed) data.
+	 *
+	 * For writes, must be no more than 128 KiB (this limit may increase in
+	 * the future). If the unencoded data is actually longer than
+	 * unencoded_len, then it is truncated; if it is shorter, then it is
+	 * extended with zeroes.
+	 */
+	__u64 unencoded_len;
+	/*
+	 * Offset from the first byte of the unencoded data to the first byte of
+	 * logical data in the file.
+	 *
+	 * Must be less than unencoded_len.
+	 */
+	__u64 unencoded_offset;
+	/*
+	 * BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_* type.
+	 *
+	 * For writes, must not be BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_NONE.
+	 */
+	__u32 compression;
+	/* Currently always BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_ENCRYPTION_NONE. */
+	__u32 encryption;
+	/*
+	 * Reserved for future expansion.
+	 *
+	 * For reads, always returned as zero. Users should check for non-zero
+	 * bytes. If there are any, then the kernel has a newer version of this
+	 * structure with additional information that the user definition is
+	 * missing.
+	 *
+	 * For writes, must be zeroed.
+	 */
+	__u8 reserved[64];
+};
+
+/* Data is not compressed. */
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_NONE 0
+/* Data is compressed as a single zlib stream. */
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZLIB 1
+/*
+ * Data is compressed as a single zstd frame with the windowLog compression
+ * parameter set to no more than 17.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_ZSTD 2
+/*
+ * Data is compressed sector by sector (using the sector size indicated by the
+ * name of the constant) with LZO1X and wrapped in the format documented in
+ * fs/btrfs/lzo.c. For writes, the compression sector size must match the
+ * filesystem sector size.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_4K 3
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_8K 4
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_16K 5
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_32K 6
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_LZO_64K 7
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_COMPRESSION_TYPES 8
+
+/* Data is not encrypted. */
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_ENCRYPTION_NONE 0
+#define BTRFS_ENCODED_IO_ENCRYPTION_TYPES 1
+
+/* Error codes as returned by the kernel */
+enum btrfs_err_code {
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID1_MIN_NOT_MET = 1,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID10_MIN_NOT_MET,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID5_MIN_NOT_MET,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID6_MIN_NOT_MET,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_TGT_REPLACE,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_MISSING_NOT_FOUND,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_ONLY_WRITABLE,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_EXCL_RUN_IN_PROGRESS,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID1C3_MIN_NOT_MET,
+	BTRFS_ERROR_DEV_RAID1C4_MIN_NOT_MET,
+};
+
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 1, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEFRAG _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 2, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_RESIZE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 3, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SCAN_DEV _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 4, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_FORGET_DEV _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 5, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+/* trans start and trans end are dangerous, and only for
+ * use by applications that know how to avoid the
+ * resulting deadlocks
+ */
+#define BTRFS_IOC_TRANS_START  _IO(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 6)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_TRANS_END    _IO(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 7)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SYNC         _IO(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 8)
+
+#define BTRFS_IOC_CLONE        _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 9, int)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_ADD_DEV _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 10, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_RM_DEV _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 11, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_BALANCE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 12, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+
+#define BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 13, \
+				  struct btrfs_ioctl_clone_range_args)
+
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 14, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 15, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEFRAG_RANGE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 16, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_defrag_range_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_TREE_SEARCH _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 17, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_search_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_TREE_SEARCH_V2 _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 17, \
+					   struct btrfs_ioctl_search_args_v2)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 18, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEFAULT_SUBVOL _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 19, __u64)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SPACE_INFO _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 20, \
+				    struct btrfs_ioctl_space_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_START_SYNC _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 24, __u64)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_WAIT_SYNC  _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 22, __u64)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_CREATE_V2 _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 23, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_CREATE_V2 _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 24, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_GETFLAGS _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 25, __u64)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SETFLAGS _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 26, __u64)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SCRUB _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 27, \
+			      struct btrfs_ioctl_scrub_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SCRUB_CANCEL _IO(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 28)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SCRUB_PROGRESS _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 29, \
+				       struct btrfs_ioctl_scrub_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEV_INFO _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 30, \
+				 struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_info_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_FS_INFO _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 31, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_fs_info_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_BALANCE_V2 _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 32, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_balance_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_BALANCE_CTL _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 33, int)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_BALANCE_PROGRESS _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 34, \
+					struct btrfs_ioctl_balance_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_INO_PATHS _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 35, \
+					struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_path_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_LOGICAL_INO _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 36, \
+					struct btrfs_ioctl_logical_ino_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SET_RECEIVED_SUBVOL _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 37, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_received_subvol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SEND _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 38, struct btrfs_ioctl_send_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEVICES_READY _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 39, \
+				     struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QUOTA_CTL _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 40, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_quota_ctl_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QGROUP_ASSIGN _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 41, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QGROUP_CREATE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 42, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_create_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QGROUP_LIMIT _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 43, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_limit_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QUOTA_RESCAN _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 44, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_quota_rescan_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QUOTA_RESCAN_STATUS _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 45, \
+			       struct btrfs_ioctl_quota_rescan_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_QUOTA_RESCAN_WAIT _IO(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 46)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_FSLABEL 	FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SET_FSLABEL	FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_DEV_STATS _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 52, \
+				      struct btrfs_ioctl_get_dev_stats)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_DEV_REPLACE _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 53, \
+				    struct btrfs_ioctl_dev_replace_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_FILE_EXTENT_SAME _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 54, \
+					 struct btrfs_ioctl_same_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_FEATURES _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 57, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_feature_flags)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SET_FEATURES _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 57, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_feature_flags[2])
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUPPORTED_FEATURES _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 57, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_feature_flags[3])
+#define BTRFS_IOC_RM_DEV_V2 _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 58, \
+				   struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_LOGICAL_INO_V2 _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 59, \
+					struct btrfs_ioctl_logical_ino_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_INFO _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 60, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_info_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_GET_SUBVOL_ROOTREF _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 61, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_INO_LOOKUP_USER _IOWR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 62, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_ino_lookup_user_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_SNAP_DESTROY_V2 _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 63, \
+				struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_READ _IOR(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 64, \
+				    struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args)
+#define BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_WRITE _IOW(BTRFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 64, \
+				     struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_BTRFS_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/btrfs_tree.h b/src/basic/linux/btrfs_tree.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab38d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/btrfs_tree.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1260 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _BTRFS_CTREE_H_
+#define _BTRFS_CTREE_H_
+
+#include <linux/btrfs.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+#else
+#include <stddef.h>
+#endif
+
+/* ASCII for _BHRfS_M, no terminating nul */
+#define BTRFS_MAGIC 0x4D5F53665248425FULL
+
+#define BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL 8
+
+/*
+ * We can actually store much bigger names, but lets not confuse the rest of
+ * linux.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_NAME_LEN 255
+
+/*
+ * Theoretical limit is larger, but we keep this down to a sane value. That
+ * should limit greatly the possibility of collisions on inode ref items.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_LINK_MAX 65535U
+
+/*
+ * This header contains the structure definitions and constants used
+ * by file system objects that can be retrieved using
+ * the BTRFS_IOC_SEARCH_TREE ioctl.  That means basically anything that
+ * is needed to describe a leaf node's key or item contents.
+ */
+
+/* holds pointers to all of the tree roots */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_TREE_OBJECTID 1ULL
+
+/* stores information about which extents are in use, and reference counts */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_TREE_OBJECTID 2ULL
+
+/*
+ * chunk tree stores translations from logical -> physical block numbering
+ * the super block points to the chunk tree
+ */
+#define BTRFS_CHUNK_TREE_OBJECTID 3ULL
+
+/*
+ * stores information about which areas of a given device are in use.
+ * one per device.  The tree of tree roots points to the device tree
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DEV_TREE_OBJECTID 4ULL
+
+/* one per subvolume, storing files and directories */
+#define BTRFS_FS_TREE_OBJECTID 5ULL
+
+/* directory objectid inside the root tree */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_TREE_DIR_OBJECTID 6ULL
+
+/* holds checksums of all the data extents */
+#define BTRFS_CSUM_TREE_OBJECTID 7ULL
+
+/* holds quota configuration and tracking */
+#define BTRFS_QUOTA_TREE_OBJECTID 8ULL
+
+/* for storing items that use the BTRFS_UUID_KEY* types */
+#define BTRFS_UUID_TREE_OBJECTID 9ULL
+
+/* tracks free space in block groups. */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_TREE_OBJECTID 10ULL
+
+/* Holds the block group items for extent tree v2. */
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_TREE_OBJECTID 11ULL
+
+/* device stats in the device tree */
+#define BTRFS_DEV_STATS_OBJECTID 0ULL
+
+/* for storing balance parameters in the root tree */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_OBJECTID -4ULL
+
+/* orphan objectid for tracking unlinked/truncated files */
+#define BTRFS_ORPHAN_OBJECTID -5ULL
+
+/* does write ahead logging to speed up fsyncs */
+#define BTRFS_TREE_LOG_OBJECTID -6ULL
+#define BTRFS_TREE_LOG_FIXUP_OBJECTID -7ULL
+
+/* for space balancing */
+#define BTRFS_TREE_RELOC_OBJECTID -8ULL
+#define BTRFS_DATA_RELOC_TREE_OBJECTID -9ULL
+
+/*
+ * extent checksums all have this objectid
+ * this allows them to share the logging tree
+ * for fsyncs
+ */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_CSUM_OBJECTID -10ULL
+
+/* For storing free space cache */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_OBJECTID -11ULL
+
+/*
+ * The inode number assigned to the special inode for storing
+ * free ino cache
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_INO_OBJECTID -12ULL
+
+/* dummy objectid represents multiple objectids */
+#define BTRFS_MULTIPLE_OBJECTIDS -255ULL
+
+/*
+ * All files have objectids in this range.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FIRST_FREE_OBJECTID 256ULL
+#define BTRFS_LAST_FREE_OBJECTID -256ULL
+#define BTRFS_FIRST_CHUNK_TREE_OBJECTID 256ULL
+
+
+/*
+ * the device items go into the chunk tree.  The key is in the form
+ * [ 1 BTRFS_DEV_ITEM_KEY device_id ]
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DEV_ITEMS_OBJECTID 1ULL
+
+#define BTRFS_BTREE_INODE_OBJECTID 1
+
+#define BTRFS_EMPTY_SUBVOL_DIR_OBJECTID 2
+
+#define BTRFS_DEV_REPLACE_DEVID 0ULL
+
+/*
+ * inode items have the data typically returned from stat and store other
+ * info about object characteristics.  There is one for every file and dir in
+ * the FS
+ */
+#define BTRFS_INODE_ITEM_KEY		1
+#define BTRFS_INODE_REF_KEY		12
+#define BTRFS_INODE_EXTREF_KEY		13
+#define BTRFS_XATTR_ITEM_KEY		24
+
+/*
+ * fs verity items are stored under two different key types on disk.
+ * The descriptor items:
+ * [ inode objectid, BTRFS_VERITY_DESC_ITEM_KEY, offset ]
+ *
+ * At offset 0, we store a btrfs_verity_descriptor_item which tracks the size
+ * of the descriptor item and some extra data for encryption.
+ * Starting at offset 1, these hold the generic fs verity descriptor.  The
+ * latter are opaque to btrfs, we just read and write them as a blob for the
+ * higher level verity code.  The most common descriptor size is 256 bytes.
+ *
+ * The merkle tree items:
+ * [ inode objectid, BTRFS_VERITY_MERKLE_ITEM_KEY, offset ]
+ *
+ * These also start at offset 0, and correspond to the merkle tree bytes.  When
+ * fsverity asks for page 0 of the merkle tree, we pull up one page starting at
+ * offset 0 for this key type.  These are also opaque to btrfs, we're blindly
+ * storing whatever fsverity sends down.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_VERITY_DESC_ITEM_KEY	36
+#define BTRFS_VERITY_MERKLE_ITEM_KEY	37
+
+#define BTRFS_ORPHAN_ITEM_KEY		48
+/* reserve 2-15 close to the inode for later flexibility */
+
+/*
+ * dir items are the name -> inode pointers in a directory.  There is one
+ * for every name in a directory.  BTRFS_DIR_LOG_ITEM_KEY is no longer used
+ * but it's still defined here for documentation purposes and to help avoid
+ * having its numerical value reused in the future.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DIR_LOG_ITEM_KEY  60
+#define BTRFS_DIR_LOG_INDEX_KEY 72
+#define BTRFS_DIR_ITEM_KEY	84
+#define BTRFS_DIR_INDEX_KEY	96
+/*
+ * extent data is for file data
+ */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_KEY	108
+
+/*
+ * extent csums are stored in a separate tree and hold csums for
+ * an entire extent on disk.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_CSUM_KEY	128
+
+/*
+ * root items point to tree roots.  They are typically in the root
+ * tree used by the super block to find all the other trees
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_ITEM_KEY	132
+
+/*
+ * root backrefs tie subvols and snapshots to the directory entries that
+ * reference them
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_BACKREF_KEY	144
+
+/*
+ * root refs make a fast index for listing all of the snapshots and
+ * subvolumes referenced by a given root.  They point directly to the
+ * directory item in the root that references the subvol
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_REF_KEY	156
+
+/*
+ * extent items are in the extent map tree.  These record which blocks
+ * are used, and how many references there are to each block
+ */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY	168
+
+/*
+ * The same as the BTRFS_EXTENT_ITEM_KEY, except it's metadata we already know
+ * the length, so we save the level in key->offset instead of the length.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_METADATA_ITEM_KEY	169
+
+#define BTRFS_TREE_BLOCK_REF_KEY	176
+
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_DATA_REF_KEY	178
+
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_REF_V0_KEY		180
+
+#define BTRFS_SHARED_BLOCK_REF_KEY	182
+
+#define BTRFS_SHARED_DATA_REF_KEY	184
+
+/*
+ * block groups give us hints into the extent allocation trees.  Which
+ * blocks are free etc etc
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_ITEM_KEY 192
+
+/*
+ * Every block group is represented in the free space tree by a free space info
+ * item, which stores some accounting information. It is keyed on
+ * (block_group_start, FREE_SPACE_INFO, block_group_length).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_INFO_KEY 198
+
+/*
+ * A free space extent tracks an extent of space that is free in a block group.
+ * It is keyed on (start, FREE_SPACE_EXTENT, length).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_EXTENT_KEY 199
+
+/*
+ * When a block group becomes very fragmented, we convert it to use bitmaps
+ * instead of extents. A free space bitmap is keyed on
+ * (start, FREE_SPACE_BITMAP, length); the corresponding item is a bitmap with
+ * (length / sectorsize) bits.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_BITMAP_KEY 200
+
+#define BTRFS_DEV_EXTENT_KEY	204
+#define BTRFS_DEV_ITEM_KEY	216
+#define BTRFS_CHUNK_ITEM_KEY	228
+
+/*
+ * Records the overall state of the qgroups.
+ * There's only one instance of this key present,
+ * (0, BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_KEY, 0)
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_KEY         240
+/*
+ * Records the currently used space of the qgroup.
+ * One key per qgroup, (0, BTRFS_QGROUP_INFO_KEY, qgroupid).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_INFO_KEY           242
+/*
+ * Contains the user configured limits for the qgroup.
+ * One key per qgroup, (0, BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_KEY, qgroupid).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LIMIT_KEY          244
+/*
+ * Records the child-parent relationship of qgroups. For
+ * each relation, 2 keys are present:
+ * (childid, BTRFS_QGROUP_RELATION_KEY, parentid)
+ * (parentid, BTRFS_QGROUP_RELATION_KEY, childid)
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_RELATION_KEY       246
+
+/*
+ * Obsolete name, see BTRFS_TEMPORARY_ITEM_KEY.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_BALANCE_ITEM_KEY	248
+
+/*
+ * The key type for tree items that are stored persistently, but do not need to
+ * exist for extended period of time. The items can exist in any tree.
+ *
+ * [subtype, BTRFS_TEMPORARY_ITEM_KEY, data]
+ *
+ * Existing items:
+ *
+ * - balance status item
+ *   (BTRFS_BALANCE_OBJECTID, BTRFS_TEMPORARY_ITEM_KEY, 0)
+ */
+#define BTRFS_TEMPORARY_ITEM_KEY	248
+
+/*
+ * Obsolete name, see BTRFS_PERSISTENT_ITEM_KEY
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DEV_STATS_KEY		249
+
+/*
+ * The key type for tree items that are stored persistently and usually exist
+ * for a long period, eg. filesystem lifetime. The item kinds can be status
+ * information, stats or preference values. The item can exist in any tree.
+ *
+ * [subtype, BTRFS_PERSISTENT_ITEM_KEY, data]
+ *
+ * Existing items:
+ *
+ * - device statistics, store IO stats in the device tree, one key for all
+ *   stats
+ *   (BTRFS_DEV_STATS_OBJECTID, BTRFS_DEV_STATS_KEY, 0)
+ */
+#define BTRFS_PERSISTENT_ITEM_KEY	249
+
+/*
+ * Persistently stores the device replace state in the device tree.
+ * The key is built like this: (0, BTRFS_DEV_REPLACE_KEY, 0).
+ */
+#define BTRFS_DEV_REPLACE_KEY	250
+
+/*
+ * Stores items that allow to quickly map UUIDs to something else.
+ * These items are part of the filesystem UUID tree.
+ * The key is built like this:
+ * (UUID_upper_64_bits, BTRFS_UUID_KEY*, UUID_lower_64_bits).
+ */
+#if BTRFS_UUID_SIZE != 16
+#error "UUID items require BTRFS_UUID_SIZE == 16!"
+#endif
+#define BTRFS_UUID_KEY_SUBVOL	251	/* for UUIDs assigned to subvols */
+#define BTRFS_UUID_KEY_RECEIVED_SUBVOL	252	/* for UUIDs assigned to
+						 * received subvols */
+
+/*
+ * string items are for debugging.  They just store a short string of
+ * data in the FS
+ */
+#define BTRFS_STRING_ITEM_KEY	253
+
+/* Maximum metadata block size (nodesize) */
+#define BTRFS_MAX_METADATA_BLOCKSIZE			65536
+
+/* 32 bytes in various csum fields */
+#define BTRFS_CSUM_SIZE 32
+
+/* csum types */
+enum btrfs_csum_type {
+	BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_CRC32	= 0,
+	BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_XXHASH	= 1,
+	BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_SHA256	= 2,
+	BTRFS_CSUM_TYPE_BLAKE2	= 3,
+};
+
+/*
+ * flags definitions for directory entry item type
+ *
+ * Used by:
+ * struct btrfs_dir_item.type
+ *
+ * Values 0..7 must match common file type values in fs_types.h.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_FT_UNKNOWN	0
+#define BTRFS_FT_REG_FILE	1
+#define BTRFS_FT_DIR		2
+#define BTRFS_FT_CHRDEV		3
+#define BTRFS_FT_BLKDEV		4
+#define BTRFS_FT_FIFO		5
+#define BTRFS_FT_SOCK		6
+#define BTRFS_FT_SYMLINK	7
+#define BTRFS_FT_XATTR		8
+#define BTRFS_FT_MAX		9
+/* Directory contains encrypted data */
+#define BTRFS_FT_ENCRYPTED	0x80
+
+static inline __u8 btrfs_dir_flags_to_ftype(__u8 flags)
+{
+	return flags & ~BTRFS_FT_ENCRYPTED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inode flags
+ */
+#define BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM		(1U << 0)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW		(1U << 1)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_READONLY		(1U << 2)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS		(1U << 3)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC		(1U << 4)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_SYNC		(1U << 5)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_IMMUTABLE		(1U << 6)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_APPEND		(1U << 7)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_NODUMP		(1U << 8)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_NOATIME		(1U << 9)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_DIRSYNC		(1U << 10)
+#define BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS		(1U << 11)
+
+#define BTRFS_INODE_ROOT_ITEM_INIT	(1U << 31)
+
+#define BTRFS_INODE_FLAG_MASK						\
+	(BTRFS_INODE_NODATASUM |					\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_NODATACOW |					\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_READONLY |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_NOCOMPRESS |					\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_PREALLOC |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_SYNC |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_IMMUTABLE |					\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_APPEND |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_NODUMP |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_NOATIME |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_DIRSYNC |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_COMPRESS |						\
+	 BTRFS_INODE_ROOT_ITEM_INIT)
+
+#define BTRFS_INODE_RO_VERITY		(1U << 0)
+
+#define BTRFS_INODE_RO_FLAG_MASK	(BTRFS_INODE_RO_VERITY)
+
+/*
+ * The key defines the order in the tree, and so it also defines (optimal)
+ * block layout.
+ *
+ * objectid corresponds to the inode number.
+ *
+ * type tells us things about the object, and is a kind of stream selector.
+ * so for a given inode, keys with type of 1 might refer to the inode data,
+ * type of 2 may point to file data in the btree and type == 3 may point to
+ * extents.
+ *
+ * offset is the starting byte offset for this key in the stream.
+ *
+ * btrfs_disk_key is in disk byte order.  struct btrfs_key is always
+ * in cpu native order.  Otherwise they are identical and their sizes
+ * should be the same (ie both packed)
+ */
+struct btrfs_disk_key {
+	__le64 objectid;
+	__u8 type;
+	__le64 offset;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_key {
+	__u64 objectid;
+	__u8 type;
+	__u64 offset;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * Every tree block (leaf or node) starts with this header.
+ */
+struct btrfs_header {
+	/* These first four must match the super block */
+	__u8 csum[BTRFS_CSUM_SIZE];
+	/* FS specific uuid */
+	__u8 fsid[BTRFS_FSID_SIZE];
+	/* Which block this node is supposed to live in */
+	__le64 bytenr;
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	/* Allowed to be different from the super from here on down */
+	__u8 chunk_tree_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 owner;
+	__le32 nritems;
+	__u8 level;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * This is a very generous portion of the super block, giving us room to
+ * translate 14 chunks with 3 stripes each.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SYSTEM_CHUNK_ARRAY_SIZE 2048
+
+/*
+ * Just in case we somehow lose the roots and are not able to mount, we store
+ * an array of the roots from previous transactions in the super.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_NUM_BACKUP_ROOTS 4
+struct btrfs_root_backup {
+	__le64 tree_root;
+	__le64 tree_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 chunk_root;
+	__le64 chunk_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 extent_root;
+	__le64 extent_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 fs_root;
+	__le64 fs_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 dev_root;
+	__le64 dev_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 csum_root;
+	__le64 csum_root_gen;
+
+	__le64 total_bytes;
+	__le64 bytes_used;
+	__le64 num_devices;
+	/* future */
+	__le64 unused_64[4];
+
+	__u8 tree_root_level;
+	__u8 chunk_root_level;
+	__u8 extent_root_level;
+	__u8 fs_root_level;
+	__u8 dev_root_level;
+	__u8 csum_root_level;
+	/* future and to align */
+	__u8 unused_8[10];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * A leaf is full of items. offset and size tell us where to find the item in
+ * the leaf (relative to the start of the data area)
+ */
+struct btrfs_item {
+	struct btrfs_disk_key key;
+	__le32 offset;
+	__le32 size;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * Leaves have an item area and a data area:
+ * [item0, item1....itemN] [free space] [dataN...data1, data0]
+ *
+ * The data is separate from the items to get the keys closer together during
+ * searches.
+ */
+struct btrfs_leaf {
+	struct btrfs_header header;
+	struct btrfs_item items[];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * All non-leaf blocks are nodes, they hold only keys and pointers to other
+ * blocks.
+ */
+struct btrfs_key_ptr {
+	struct btrfs_disk_key key;
+	__le64 blockptr;
+	__le64 generation;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_node {
+	struct btrfs_header header;
+	struct btrfs_key_ptr ptrs[];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_dev_item {
+	/* the internal btrfs device id */
+	__le64 devid;
+
+	/* size of the device */
+	__le64 total_bytes;
+
+	/* bytes used */
+	__le64 bytes_used;
+
+	/* optimal io alignment for this device */
+	__le32 io_align;
+
+	/* optimal io width for this device */
+	__le32 io_width;
+
+	/* minimal io size for this device */
+	__le32 sector_size;
+
+	/* type and info about this device */
+	__le64 type;
+
+	/* expected generation for this device */
+	__le64 generation;
+
+	/*
+	 * starting byte of this partition on the device,
+	 * to allow for stripe alignment in the future
+	 */
+	__le64 start_offset;
+
+	/* grouping information for allocation decisions */
+	__le32 dev_group;
+
+	/* seek speed 0-100 where 100 is fastest */
+	__u8 seek_speed;
+
+	/* bandwidth 0-100 where 100 is fastest */
+	__u8 bandwidth;
+
+	/* btrfs generated uuid for this device */
+	__u8 uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+
+	/* uuid of FS who owns this device */
+	__u8 fsid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_stripe {
+	__le64 devid;
+	__le64 offset;
+	__u8 dev_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_chunk {
+	/* size of this chunk in bytes */
+	__le64 length;
+
+	/* objectid of the root referencing this chunk */
+	__le64 owner;
+
+	__le64 stripe_len;
+	__le64 type;
+
+	/* optimal io alignment for this chunk */
+	__le32 io_align;
+
+	/* optimal io width for this chunk */
+	__le32 io_width;
+
+	/* minimal io size for this chunk */
+	__le32 sector_size;
+
+	/* 2^16 stripes is quite a lot, a second limit is the size of a single
+	 * item in the btree
+	 */
+	__le16 num_stripes;
+
+	/* sub stripes only matter for raid10 */
+	__le16 sub_stripes;
+	struct btrfs_stripe stripe;
+	/* additional stripes go here */
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * The super block basically lists the main trees of the FS.
+ */
+struct btrfs_super_block {
+	/* The first 4 fields must match struct btrfs_header */
+	__u8 csum[BTRFS_CSUM_SIZE];
+	/* FS specific UUID, visible to user */
+	__u8 fsid[BTRFS_FSID_SIZE];
+	/* This block number */
+	__le64 bytenr;
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	/* Allowed to be different from the btrfs_header from here own down */
+	__le64 magic;
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 root;
+	__le64 chunk_root;
+	__le64 log_root;
+
+	/*
+	 * This member has never been utilized since the very beginning, thus
+	 * it's always 0 regardless of kernel version.  We always use
+	 * generation + 1 to read log tree root.  So here we mark it deprecated.
+	 */
+	__le64 __unused_log_root_transid;
+	__le64 total_bytes;
+	__le64 bytes_used;
+	__le64 root_dir_objectid;
+	__le64 num_devices;
+	__le32 sectorsize;
+	__le32 nodesize;
+	__le32 __unused_leafsize;
+	__le32 stripesize;
+	__le32 sys_chunk_array_size;
+	__le64 chunk_root_generation;
+	__le64 compat_flags;
+	__le64 compat_ro_flags;
+	__le64 incompat_flags;
+	__le16 csum_type;
+	__u8 root_level;
+	__u8 chunk_root_level;
+	__u8 log_root_level;
+	struct btrfs_dev_item dev_item;
+
+	char label[BTRFS_LABEL_SIZE];
+
+	__le64 cache_generation;
+	__le64 uuid_tree_generation;
+
+	/* The UUID written into btree blocks */
+	__u8 metadata_uuid[BTRFS_FSID_SIZE];
+
+	__u64 nr_global_roots;
+
+	/* Future expansion */
+	__le64 reserved[27];
+	__u8 sys_chunk_array[BTRFS_SYSTEM_CHUNK_ARRAY_SIZE];
+	struct btrfs_root_backup super_roots[BTRFS_NUM_BACKUP_ROOTS];
+
+	/* Padded to 4096 bytes */
+	__u8 padding[565];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_EXTENT	1
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_BITMAP	2
+
+struct btrfs_free_space_entry {
+	__le64 offset;
+	__le64 bytes;
+	__u8 type;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_free_space_header {
+	struct btrfs_disk_key location;
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 num_entries;
+	__le64 num_bitmaps;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#define BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_WRITTEN	(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_RELOC		(1ULL << 1)
+
+/* Super block flags */
+/* Errors detected */
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_ERROR		(1ULL << 2)
+
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_SEEDING	(1ULL << 32)
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_METADUMP	(1ULL << 33)
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_METADUMP_V2	(1ULL << 34)
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_CHANGING_FSID	(1ULL << 35)
+#define BTRFS_SUPER_FLAG_CHANGING_FSID_V2 (1ULL << 36)
+
+
+/*
+ * items in the extent btree are used to record the objectid of the
+ * owner of the block and the number of references
+ */
+
+struct btrfs_extent_item {
+	__le64 refs;
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 flags;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_extent_item_v0 {
+	__le32 refs;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_FLAG_DATA		(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_FLAG_TREE_BLOCK	(1ULL << 1)
+
+/* following flags only apply to tree blocks */
+
+/* use full backrefs for extent pointers in the block */
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_FLAG_FULL_BACKREF	(1ULL << 8)
+
+#define BTRFS_BACKREF_REV_MAX		256
+#define BTRFS_BACKREF_REV_SHIFT		56
+#define BTRFS_BACKREF_REV_MASK		(((u64)BTRFS_BACKREF_REV_MAX - 1) << \
+					 BTRFS_BACKREF_REV_SHIFT)
+
+#define BTRFS_OLD_BACKREF_REV		0
+#define BTRFS_MIXED_BACKREF_REV		1
+
+/*
+ * this flag is only used internally by scrub and may be changed at any time
+ * it is only declared here to avoid collisions
+ */
+#define BTRFS_EXTENT_FLAG_SUPER		(1ULL << 48)
+
+struct btrfs_tree_block_info {
+	struct btrfs_disk_key key;
+	__u8 level;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_extent_data_ref {
+	__le64 root;
+	__le64 objectid;
+	__le64 offset;
+	__le32 count;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_shared_data_ref {
+	__le32 count;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_extent_inline_ref {
+	__u8 type;
+	__le64 offset;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/* dev extents record free space on individual devices.  The owner
+ * field points back to the chunk allocation mapping tree that allocated
+ * the extent.  The chunk tree uuid field is a way to double check the owner
+ */
+struct btrfs_dev_extent {
+	__le64 chunk_tree;
+	__le64 chunk_objectid;
+	__le64 chunk_offset;
+	__le64 length;
+	__u8 chunk_tree_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_inode_ref {
+	__le64 index;
+	__le16 name_len;
+	/* name goes here */
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_inode_extref {
+	__le64 parent_objectid;
+	__le64 index;
+	__le16 name_len;
+	__u8   name[];
+	/* name goes here */
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_timespec {
+	__le64 sec;
+	__le32 nsec;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_inode_item {
+	/* nfs style generation number */
+	__le64 generation;
+	/* transid that last touched this inode */
+	__le64 transid;
+	__le64 size;
+	__le64 nbytes;
+	__le64 block_group;
+	__le32 nlink;
+	__le32 uid;
+	__le32 gid;
+	__le32 mode;
+	__le64 rdev;
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	/* modification sequence number for NFS */
+	__le64 sequence;
+
+	/*
+	 * a little future expansion, for more than this we can
+	 * just grow the inode item and version it
+	 */
+	__le64 reserved[4];
+	struct btrfs_timespec atime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec ctime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec mtime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec otime;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_dir_log_item {
+	__le64 end;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_dir_item {
+	struct btrfs_disk_key location;
+	__le64 transid;
+	__le16 data_len;
+	__le16 name_len;
+	__u8 type;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_SUBVOL_RDONLY	(1ULL << 0)
+
+/*
+ * Internal in-memory flag that a subvolume has been marked for deletion but
+ * still visible as a directory
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ROOT_SUBVOL_DEAD		(1ULL << 48)
+
+struct btrfs_root_item {
+	struct btrfs_inode_item inode;
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 root_dirid;
+	__le64 bytenr;
+	__le64 byte_limit;
+	__le64 bytes_used;
+	__le64 last_snapshot;
+	__le64 flags;
+	__le32 refs;
+	struct btrfs_disk_key drop_progress;
+	__u8 drop_level;
+	__u8 level;
+
+	/*
+	 * The following fields appear after subvol_uuids+subvol_times
+	 * were introduced.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * This generation number is used to test if the new fields are valid
+	 * and up to date while reading the root item. Every time the root item
+	 * is written out, the "generation" field is copied into this field. If
+	 * anyone ever mounted the fs with an older kernel, we will have
+	 * mismatching generation values here and thus must invalidate the
+	 * new fields. See btrfs_update_root and btrfs_find_last_root for
+	 * details.
+	 * the offset of generation_v2 is also used as the start for the memset
+	 * when invalidating the fields.
+	 */
+	__le64 generation_v2;
+	__u8 uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+	__u8 parent_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+	__u8 received_uuid[BTRFS_UUID_SIZE];
+	__le64 ctransid; /* updated when an inode changes */
+	__le64 otransid; /* trans when created */
+	__le64 stransid; /* trans when sent. non-zero for received subvol */
+	__le64 rtransid; /* trans when received. non-zero for received subvol */
+	struct btrfs_timespec ctime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec otime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec stime;
+	struct btrfs_timespec rtime;
+	__le64 reserved[8]; /* for future */
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * Btrfs root item used to be smaller than current size.  The old format ends
+ * at where member generation_v2 is.
+ */
+static inline __u32 btrfs_legacy_root_item_size(void)
+{
+	return offsetof(struct btrfs_root_item, generation_v2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * this is used for both forward and backward root refs
+ */
+struct btrfs_root_ref {
+	__le64 dirid;
+	__le64 sequence;
+	__le16 name_len;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_disk_balance_args {
+	/*
+	 * profiles to operate on, single is denoted by
+	 * BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE
+	 */
+	__le64 profiles;
+
+	/*
+	 * usage filter
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE with a single value means '0..N'
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_USAGE_RANGE - range syntax, min..max
+	 */
+	union {
+		__le64 usage;
+		struct {
+			__le32 usage_min;
+			__le32 usage_max;
+		};
+	};
+
+	/* devid filter */
+	__le64 devid;
+
+	/* devid subset filter [pstart..pend) */
+	__le64 pstart;
+	__le64 pend;
+
+	/* btrfs virtual address space subset filter [vstart..vend) */
+	__le64 vstart;
+	__le64 vend;
+
+	/*
+	 * profile to convert to, single is denoted by
+	 * BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE
+	 */
+	__le64 target;
+
+	/* BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_* */
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT with value 'limit'
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_LIMIT_RANGE - the extend version can use minimum
+	 * and maximum
+	 */
+	union {
+		__le64 limit;
+		struct {
+			__le32 limit_min;
+			__le32 limit_max;
+		};
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * Process chunks that cross stripes_min..stripes_max devices,
+	 * BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_STRIPES_RANGE
+	 */
+	__le32 stripes_min;
+	__le32 stripes_max;
+
+	__le64 unused[6];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/*
+ * store balance parameters to disk so that balance can be properly
+ * resumed after crash or unmount
+ */
+struct btrfs_balance_item {
+	/* BTRFS_BALANCE_* */
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	struct btrfs_disk_balance_args data;
+	struct btrfs_disk_balance_args meta;
+	struct btrfs_disk_balance_args sys;
+
+	__le64 unused[4];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+enum {
+	BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_INLINE   = 0,
+	BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_REG      = 1,
+	BTRFS_FILE_EXTENT_PREALLOC = 2,
+	BTRFS_NR_FILE_EXTENT_TYPES = 3,
+};
+
+struct btrfs_file_extent_item {
+	/*
+	 * transaction id that created this extent
+	 */
+	__le64 generation;
+	/*
+	 * max number of bytes to hold this extent in ram
+	 * when we split a compressed extent we can't know how big
+	 * each of the resulting pieces will be.  So, this is
+	 * an upper limit on the size of the extent in ram instead of
+	 * an exact limit.
+	 */
+	__le64 ram_bytes;
+
+	/*
+	 * 32 bits for the various ways we might encode the data,
+	 * including compression and encryption.  If any of these
+	 * are set to something a given disk format doesn't understand
+	 * it is treated like an incompat flag for reading and writing,
+	 * but not for stat.
+	 */
+	__u8 compression;
+	__u8 encryption;
+	__le16 other_encoding; /* spare for later use */
+
+	/* are we inline data or a real extent? */
+	__u8 type;
+
+	/*
+	 * disk space consumed by the extent, checksum blocks are included
+	 * in these numbers
+	 *
+	 * At this offset in the structure, the inline extent data start.
+	 */
+	__le64 disk_bytenr;
+	__le64 disk_num_bytes;
+	/*
+	 * the logical offset in file blocks (no csums)
+	 * this extent record is for.  This allows a file extent to point
+	 * into the middle of an existing extent on disk, sharing it
+	 * between two snapshots (useful if some bytes in the middle of the
+	 * extent have changed
+	 */
+	__le64 offset;
+	/*
+	 * the logical number of file blocks (no csums included).  This
+	 * always reflects the size uncompressed and without encoding.
+	 */
+	__le64 num_bytes;
+
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_csum_item {
+	__u8 csum;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_dev_stats_item {
+	/*
+	 * grow this item struct at the end for future enhancements and keep
+	 * the existing values unchanged
+	 */
+	__le64 values[BTRFS_DEV_STAT_VALUES_MAX];
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#define BTRFS_DEV_REPLACE_ITEM_CONT_READING_FROM_SRCDEV_MODE_ALWAYS	0
+#define BTRFS_DEV_REPLACE_ITEM_CONT_READING_FROM_SRCDEV_MODE_AVOID	1
+
+struct btrfs_dev_replace_item {
+	/*
+	 * grow this item struct at the end for future enhancements and keep
+	 * the existing values unchanged
+	 */
+	__le64 src_devid;
+	__le64 cursor_left;
+	__le64 cursor_right;
+	__le64 cont_reading_from_srcdev_mode;
+
+	__le64 replace_state;
+	__le64 time_started;
+	__le64 time_stopped;
+	__le64 num_write_errors;
+	__le64 num_uncorrectable_read_errors;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+/* different types of block groups (and chunks) */
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DATA		(1ULL << 0)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_SYSTEM	(1ULL << 1)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_METADATA	(1ULL << 2)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0		(1ULL << 3)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1		(1ULL << 4)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP		(1ULL << 5)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10	(1ULL << 6)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5         (1ULL << 7)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6         (1ULL << 8)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C3       (1ULL << 9)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C4       (1ULL << 10)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RESERVED	(BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE | \
+					 BTRFS_SPACE_INFO_GLOBAL_RSV)
+
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_TYPE_MASK	(BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DATA |    \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_SYSTEM |  \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_METADATA)
+
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK	(BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C3 | \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C4 | \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP |     \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10)
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID56_MASK	(BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)
+
+#define BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1_MASK	(BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 |   \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C3 | \
+					 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1C4)
+
+/*
+ * We need a bit for restriper to be able to tell when chunks of type
+ * SINGLE are available.  This "extended" profile format is used in
+ * fs_info->avail_*_alloc_bits (in-memory) and balance item fields
+ * (on-disk).  The corresponding on-disk bit in chunk.type is reserved
+ * to avoid remappings between two formats in future.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE	(1ULL << 48)
+
+/*
+ * A fake block group type that is used to communicate global block reserve
+ * size to userspace via the SPACE_INFO ioctl.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_SPACE_INFO_GLOBAL_RSV	(1ULL << 49)
+
+#define BTRFS_EXTENDED_PROFILE_MASK	(BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK | \
+					 BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE)
+
+static inline __u64 chunk_to_extended(__u64 flags)
+{
+	if ((flags & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK) == 0)
+		flags |= BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE;
+
+	return flags;
+}
+static inline __u64 extended_to_chunk(__u64 flags)
+{
+	return flags & ~BTRFS_AVAIL_ALLOC_BIT_SINGLE;
+}
+
+struct btrfs_block_group_item {
+	__le64 used;
+	__le64 chunk_objectid;
+	__le64 flags;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_free_space_info {
+	__le32 extent_count;
+	__le32 flags;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#define BTRFS_FREE_SPACE_USING_BITMAPS (1ULL << 0)
+
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_LEVEL_SHIFT		48
+static inline __u16 btrfs_qgroup_level(__u64 qgroupid)
+{
+	return (__u16)(qgroupid >> BTRFS_QGROUP_LEVEL_SHIFT);
+}
+
+/*
+ * is subvolume quota turned on?
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_ON		(1ULL << 0)
+/*
+ * RESCAN is set during the initialization phase
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_RESCAN		(1ULL << 1)
+/*
+ * Some qgroup entries are known to be out of date,
+ * either because the configuration has changed in a way that
+ * makes a rescan necessary, or because the fs has been mounted
+ * with a non-qgroup-aware version.
+ * Turning qouta off and on again makes it inconsistent, too.
+ */
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_INCONSISTENT	(1ULL << 2)
+
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAGS_MASK	(BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_ON |		\
+					 BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_RESCAN |	\
+					 BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_FLAG_INCONSISTENT)
+
+#define BTRFS_QGROUP_STATUS_VERSION        1
+
+struct btrfs_qgroup_status_item {
+	__le64 version;
+	/*
+	 * the generation is updated during every commit. As older
+	 * versions of btrfs are not aware of qgroups, it will be
+	 * possible to detect inconsistencies by checking the
+	 * generation on mount time
+	 */
+	__le64 generation;
+
+	/* flag definitions see above */
+	__le64 flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * only used during scanning to record the progress
+	 * of the scan. It contains a logical address
+	 */
+	__le64 rescan;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_qgroup_info_item {
+	__le64 generation;
+	__le64 rfer;
+	__le64 rfer_cmpr;
+	__le64 excl;
+	__le64 excl_cmpr;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_qgroup_limit_item {
+	/*
+	 * only updated when any of the other values change
+	 */
+	__le64 flags;
+	__le64 max_rfer;
+	__le64 max_excl;
+	__le64 rsv_rfer;
+	__le64 rsv_excl;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+struct btrfs_verity_descriptor_item {
+	/* Size of the verity descriptor in bytes */
+	__le64 size;
+	/*
+	 * When we implement support for fscrypt, we will need to encrypt the
+	 * Merkle tree for encrypted verity files. These 128 bits are for the
+	 * eventual storage of an fscrypt initialization vector.
+	 */
+	__le64 reserved[2];
+	__u8 encryption;
+} __attribute__ ((__packed__));
+
+#endif /* _BTRFS_CTREE_H_ */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/can/netlink.h b/src/basic/linux/can/netlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02ec32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/can/netlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * linux/can/netlink.h
+ *
+ * Definitions for the CAN netlink interface
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2009 Wolfgang Grandegger <wg@grandegger.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the version 2 of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_CAN_NETLINK_H
+#define _UAPI_CAN_NETLINK_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/*
+ * CAN bit-timing parameters
+ *
+ * For further information, please read chapter "8 BIT TIMING
+ * REQUIREMENTS" of the "Bosch CAN Specification version 2.0"
+ * at http://www.semiconductors.bosch.de/pdf/can2spec.pdf.
+ */
+struct can_bittiming {
+	__u32 bitrate;		/* Bit-rate in bits/second */
+	__u32 sample_point;	/* Sample point in one-tenth of a percent */
+	__u32 tq;		/* Time quanta (TQ) in nanoseconds */
+	__u32 prop_seg;		/* Propagation segment in TQs */
+	__u32 phase_seg1;	/* Phase buffer segment 1 in TQs */
+	__u32 phase_seg2;	/* Phase buffer segment 2 in TQs */
+	__u32 sjw;		/* Synchronisation jump width in TQs */
+	__u32 brp;		/* Bit-rate prescaler */
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN hardware-dependent bit-timing constant
+ *
+ * Used for calculating and checking bit-timing parameters
+ */
+struct can_bittiming_const {
+	char name[16];		/* Name of the CAN controller hardware */
+	__u32 tseg1_min;	/* Time segment 1 = prop_seg + phase_seg1 */
+	__u32 tseg1_max;
+	__u32 tseg2_min;	/* Time segment 2 = phase_seg2 */
+	__u32 tseg2_max;
+	__u32 sjw_max;		/* Synchronisation jump width */
+	__u32 brp_min;		/* Bit-rate prescaler */
+	__u32 brp_max;
+	__u32 brp_inc;
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN clock parameters
+ */
+struct can_clock {
+	__u32 freq;		/* CAN system clock frequency in Hz */
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN operational and error states
+ */
+enum can_state {
+	CAN_STATE_ERROR_ACTIVE = 0,	/* RX/TX error count < 96 */
+	CAN_STATE_ERROR_WARNING,	/* RX/TX error count < 128 */
+	CAN_STATE_ERROR_PASSIVE,	/* RX/TX error count < 256 */
+	CAN_STATE_BUS_OFF,		/* RX/TX error count >= 256 */
+	CAN_STATE_STOPPED,		/* Device is stopped */
+	CAN_STATE_SLEEPING,		/* Device is sleeping */
+	CAN_STATE_MAX
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN bus error counters
+ */
+struct can_berr_counter {
+	__u16 txerr;
+	__u16 rxerr;
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN controller mode
+ */
+struct can_ctrlmode {
+	__u32 mask;
+	__u32 flags;
+};
+
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_LOOPBACK		0x01	/* Loopback mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_LISTENONLY		0x02	/* Listen-only mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_3_SAMPLES		0x04	/* Triple sampling mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_ONE_SHOT		0x08	/* One-Shot mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_BERR_REPORTING	0x10	/* Bus-error reporting */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_FD			0x20	/* CAN FD mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_PRESUME_ACK	0x40	/* Ignore missing CAN ACKs */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_FD_NON_ISO		0x80	/* CAN FD in non-ISO mode */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_CC_LEN8_DLC	0x100	/* Classic CAN DLC option */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_TDC_AUTO		0x200	/* CAN transiver automatically calculates TDCV */
+#define CAN_CTRLMODE_TDC_MANUAL		0x400	/* TDCV is manually set up by user */
+
+/*
+ * CAN device statistics
+ */
+struct can_device_stats {
+	__u32 bus_error;	/* Bus errors */
+	__u32 error_warning;	/* Changes to error warning state */
+	__u32 error_passive;	/* Changes to error passive state */
+	__u32 bus_off;		/* Changes to bus off state */
+	__u32 arbitration_lost; /* Arbitration lost errors */
+	__u32 restarts;		/* CAN controller re-starts */
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN netlink interface
+ */
+enum {
+	IFLA_CAN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_CAN_BITTIMING,
+	IFLA_CAN_BITTIMING_CONST,
+	IFLA_CAN_CLOCK,
+	IFLA_CAN_STATE,
+	IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE,
+	IFLA_CAN_RESTART_MS,
+	IFLA_CAN_RESTART,
+	IFLA_CAN_BERR_COUNTER,
+	IFLA_CAN_DATA_BITTIMING,
+	IFLA_CAN_DATA_BITTIMING_CONST,
+	IFLA_CAN_TERMINATION,
+	IFLA_CAN_TERMINATION_CONST,
+	IFLA_CAN_BITRATE_CONST,
+	IFLA_CAN_DATA_BITRATE_CONST,
+	IFLA_CAN_BITRATE_MAX,
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC,
+	IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE_EXT,
+
+	/* add new constants above here */
+	__IFLA_CAN_MAX,
+	IFLA_CAN_MAX = __IFLA_CAN_MAX - 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * CAN FD Transmitter Delay Compensation (TDC)
+ *
+ * Please refer to struct can_tdc_const and can_tdc in
+ * include/linux/can/bittiming.h for further details.
+ */
+enum {
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCV_MIN,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCV_MAX,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCO_MIN,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCO_MAX,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCF_MIN,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCF_MAX,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCV,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCO,	/* u32 */
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_TDCF,	/* u32 */
+
+	/* add new constants above here */
+	__IFLA_CAN_TDC,
+	IFLA_CAN_TDC_MAX = __IFLA_CAN_TDC - 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE_EXT nest: controller mode extended parameters
+ */
+enum {
+	IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE_SUPPORTED,	/* u32 */
+
+	/* add new constants above here */
+	__IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE,
+	IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE_MAX = __IFLA_CAN_CTRLMODE - 1
+};
+
+/* u16 termination range: 1..65535 Ohms */
+#define CAN_TERMINATION_DISABLED 0
+
+#endif /* !_UAPI_CAN_NETLINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/can/vxcan.h b/src/basic/linux/can/vxcan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa9d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/can/vxcan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_CAN_VXCAN_H
+#define _UAPI_CAN_VXCAN_H
+
+enum {
+	VXCAN_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	VXCAN_INFO_PEER,
+
+	__VXCAN_INFO_MAX
+#define VXCAN_INFO_MAX	(__VXCAN_INFO_MAX - 1)
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/cfm_bridge.h b/src/basic/linux/cfm_bridge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c1cbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/cfm_bridge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_CFM_BRIDGE_H_
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_CFM_BRIDGE_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+
+#define ETHER_HEADER_LENGTH		(6+6+4+2)
+#define CFM_MAID_LENGTH			48
+#define CFM_CCM_PDU_LENGTH		75
+#define CFM_PORT_STATUS_TLV_LENGTH	4
+#define CFM_IF_STATUS_TLV_LENGTH	4
+#define CFM_IF_STATUS_TLV_TYPE		4
+#define CFM_PORT_STATUS_TLV_TYPE	2
+#define CFM_ENDE_TLV_TYPE		0
+#define CFM_CCM_MAX_FRAME_LENGTH	(ETHER_HEADER_LENGTH+\
+					 CFM_CCM_PDU_LENGTH+\
+					 CFM_PORT_STATUS_TLV_LENGTH+\
+					 CFM_IF_STATUS_TLV_LENGTH)
+#define CFM_FRAME_PRIO			7
+#define CFM_CCM_TLV_OFFSET		70
+#define CFM_CCM_PDU_MAID_OFFSET		10
+#define CFM_CCM_PDU_MEPID_OFFSET	8
+#define CFM_CCM_PDU_SEQNR_OFFSET	4
+#define CFM_CCM_PDU_TLV_OFFSET		74
+#define CFM_CCM_ITU_RESERVED_SIZE	16
+
+struct br_cfm_common_hdr {
+	__u8 mdlevel_version;
+	__u8 opcode;
+	__u8 flags;
+	__u8 tlv_offset;
+};
+
+enum br_cfm_opcodes {
+	BR_CFM_OPCODE_CCM = 0x1,
+};
+
+/* MEP domain */
+enum br_cfm_domain {
+	BR_CFM_PORT,
+	BR_CFM_VLAN,
+};
+
+/* MEP direction */
+enum br_cfm_mep_direction {
+	BR_CFM_MEP_DIRECTION_DOWN,
+	BR_CFM_MEP_DIRECTION_UP,
+};
+
+/* CCM interval supported. */
+enum br_cfm_ccm_interval {
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_NONE,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_3_3_MS,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_10_MS,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_100_MS,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_1_SEC,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_10_SEC,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_1_MIN,
+	BR_CFM_CCM_INTERVAL_10_MIN,
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/fib_rules.h b/src/basic/linux/fib_rules.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..232df14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/fib_rules.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __LINUX_FIB_RULES_H
+#define __LINUX_FIB_RULES_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+
+/* rule is permanent, and cannot be deleted */
+#define FIB_RULE_PERMANENT	0x00000001
+#define FIB_RULE_INVERT		0x00000002
+#define FIB_RULE_UNRESOLVED	0x00000004
+#define FIB_RULE_IIF_DETACHED	0x00000008
+#define FIB_RULE_DEV_DETACHED	FIB_RULE_IIF_DETACHED
+#define FIB_RULE_OIF_DETACHED	0x00000010
+
+/* try to find source address in routing lookups */
+#define FIB_RULE_FIND_SADDR	0x00010000
+
+struct fib_rule_hdr {
+	__u8		family;
+	__u8		dst_len;
+	__u8		src_len;
+	__u8		tos;
+
+	__u8		table;
+	__u8		res1;   /* reserved */
+	__u8		res2;	/* reserved */
+	__u8		action;
+
+	__u32		flags;
+};
+
+struct fib_rule_uid_range {
+	__u32		start;
+	__u32		end;
+};
+
+struct fib_rule_port_range {
+	__u16		start;
+	__u16		end;
+};
+
+enum {
+	FRA_UNSPEC,
+	FRA_DST,	/* destination address */
+	FRA_SRC,	/* source address */
+	FRA_IIFNAME,	/* interface name */
+#define FRA_IFNAME	FRA_IIFNAME
+	FRA_GOTO,	/* target to jump to (FR_ACT_GOTO) */
+	FRA_UNUSED2,
+	FRA_PRIORITY,	/* priority/preference */
+	FRA_UNUSED3,
+	FRA_UNUSED4,
+	FRA_UNUSED5,
+	FRA_FWMARK,	/* mark */
+	FRA_FLOW,	/* flow/class id */
+	FRA_TUN_ID,
+	FRA_SUPPRESS_IFGROUP,
+	FRA_SUPPRESS_PREFIXLEN,
+	FRA_TABLE,	/* Extended table id */
+	FRA_FWMASK,	/* mask for netfilter mark */
+	FRA_OIFNAME,
+	FRA_PAD,
+	FRA_L3MDEV,	/* iif or oif is l3mdev goto its table */
+	FRA_UID_RANGE,	/* UID range */
+	FRA_PROTOCOL,   /* Originator of the rule */
+	FRA_IP_PROTO,	/* ip proto */
+	FRA_SPORT_RANGE, /* sport */
+	FRA_DPORT_RANGE, /* dport */
+	__FRA_MAX
+};
+
+#define FRA_MAX (__FRA_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	FR_ACT_UNSPEC,
+	FR_ACT_TO_TBL,		/* Pass to fixed table */
+	FR_ACT_GOTO,		/* Jump to another rule */
+	FR_ACT_NOP,		/* No operation */
+	FR_ACT_RES3,
+	FR_ACT_RES4,
+	FR_ACT_BLACKHOLE,	/* Drop without notification */
+	FR_ACT_UNREACHABLE,	/* Drop with ENETUNREACH */
+	FR_ACT_PROHIBIT,	/* Drop with EACCES */
+	__FR_ACT_MAX,
+};
+
+#define FR_ACT_MAX (__FR_ACT_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/fou.h b/src/basic/linux/fou.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87c2c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/fou.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/* fou.h - FOU Interface */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_FOU_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_FOU_H
+
+/* NETLINK_GENERIC related info
+ */
+#define FOU_GENL_NAME		"fou"
+#define FOU_GENL_VERSION	0x1
+
+enum {
+	FOU_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	FOU_ATTR_PORT,				/* u16 */
+	FOU_ATTR_AF,				/* u8 */
+	FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO,			/* u8 */
+	FOU_ATTR_TYPE,				/* u8 */
+	FOU_ATTR_REMCSUM_NOPARTIAL,		/* flag */
+	FOU_ATTR_LOCAL_V4,			/* u32 */
+	FOU_ATTR_LOCAL_V6,			/* in6_addr */
+	FOU_ATTR_PEER_V4,			/* u32 */
+	FOU_ATTR_PEER_V6,			/* in6_addr */
+	FOU_ATTR_PEER_PORT,			/* u16 */
+	FOU_ATTR_IFINDEX,			/* s32 */
+
+	__FOU_ATTR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define FOU_ATTR_MAX		(__FOU_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	FOU_CMD_UNSPEC,
+	FOU_CMD_ADD,
+	FOU_CMD_DEL,
+	FOU_CMD_GET,
+
+	__FOU_CMD_MAX,
+};
+
+enum {
+	FOU_ENCAP_UNSPEC,
+	FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT,
+	FOU_ENCAP_GUE,
+};
+
+#define FOU_CMD_MAX	(__FOU_CMD_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_FOU_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/genetlink.h b/src/basic/linux/genetlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddba3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/genetlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_GENERIC_NETLINK_H
+#define _UAPI__LINUX_GENERIC_NETLINK_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+
+#define GENL_NAMSIZ	16	/* length of family name */
+
+#define GENL_MIN_ID	NLMSG_MIN_TYPE
+#define GENL_MAX_ID	1023
+
+struct genlmsghdr {
+	__u8	cmd;
+	__u8	version;
+	__u16	reserved;
+};
+
+#define GENL_HDRLEN	NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct genlmsghdr))
+
+#define GENL_ADMIN_PERM		0x01
+#define GENL_CMD_CAP_DO		0x02
+#define GENL_CMD_CAP_DUMP	0x04
+#define GENL_CMD_CAP_HASPOL	0x08
+#define GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM	0x10
+
+/*
+ * List of reserved static generic netlink identifiers:
+ */
+#define GENL_ID_CTRL		NLMSG_MIN_TYPE
+#define GENL_ID_VFS_DQUOT	(NLMSG_MIN_TYPE + 1)
+#define GENL_ID_PMCRAID		(NLMSG_MIN_TYPE + 2)
+/* must be last reserved + 1 */
+#define GENL_START_ALLOC	(NLMSG_MIN_TYPE + 3)
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ * Controller
+ **************************************************************************/
+
+enum {
+	CTRL_CMD_UNSPEC,
+	CTRL_CMD_NEWFAMILY,
+	CTRL_CMD_DELFAMILY,
+	CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY,
+	CTRL_CMD_NEWOPS,
+	CTRL_CMD_DELOPS,
+	CTRL_CMD_GETOPS,
+	CTRL_CMD_NEWMCAST_GRP,
+	CTRL_CMD_DELMCAST_GRP,
+	CTRL_CMD_GETMCAST_GRP, /* unused */
+	CTRL_CMD_GETPOLICY,
+	__CTRL_CMD_MAX,
+};
+
+#define CTRL_CMD_MAX (__CTRL_CMD_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	CTRL_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_ID,
+	CTRL_ATTR_FAMILY_NAME,
+	CTRL_ATTR_VERSION,
+	CTRL_ATTR_HDRSIZE,
+	CTRL_ATTR_MAXATTR,
+	CTRL_ATTR_OPS,
+	CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GROUPS,
+	CTRL_ATTR_POLICY,
+	CTRL_ATTR_OP_POLICY,
+	CTRL_ATTR_OP,
+	__CTRL_ATTR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define CTRL_ATTR_MAX (__CTRL_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	CTRL_ATTR_OP_UNSPEC,
+	CTRL_ATTR_OP_ID,
+	CTRL_ATTR_OP_FLAGS,
+	__CTRL_ATTR_OP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define CTRL_ATTR_OP_MAX (__CTRL_ATTR_OP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_UNSPEC,
+	CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_NAME,
+	CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_ID,
+	__CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_MAX (__CTRL_ATTR_MCAST_GRP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_UNSPEC,
+	CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DO,
+	CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DUMP,
+
+	__CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DUMP_MAX,
+	CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DUMP_MAX = __CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DUMP_MAX - 1
+};
+
+#define CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_MAX (__CTRL_ATTR_POLICY_DUMP_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI__LINUX_GENERIC_NETLINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h b/src/basic/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b06341a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/hdlc/ioctl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __HDLC_IOCTL_H__
+#define __HDLC_IOCTL_H__
+
+
+#define GENERIC_HDLC_VERSION 4	/* For synchronization with sethdlc utility */
+
+#define CLOCK_DEFAULT   0	/* Default setting */
+#define CLOCK_EXT	1	/* External TX and RX clock - DTE */
+#define CLOCK_INT	2	/* Internal TX and RX clock - DCE */
+#define CLOCK_TXINT	3	/* Internal TX and external RX clock */
+#define CLOCK_TXFROMRX	4	/* TX clock derived from external RX clock */
+
+
+#define ENCODING_DEFAULT	0 /* Default setting */
+#define ENCODING_NRZ		1
+#define ENCODING_NRZI		2
+#define ENCODING_FM_MARK	3
+#define ENCODING_FM_SPACE	4
+#define ENCODING_MANCHESTER	5
+
+
+#define PARITY_DEFAULT		0 /* Default setting */
+#define PARITY_NONE		1 /* No parity */
+#define PARITY_CRC16_PR0	2 /* CRC16, initial value 0x0000 */
+#define PARITY_CRC16_PR1	3 /* CRC16, initial value 0xFFFF */
+#define PARITY_CRC16_PR0_CCITT	4 /* CRC16, initial 0x0000, ITU-T version */
+#define PARITY_CRC16_PR1_CCITT	5 /* CRC16, initial 0xFFFF, ITU-T version */
+#define PARITY_CRC32_PR0_CCITT	6 /* CRC32, initial value 0x00000000 */
+#define PARITY_CRC32_PR1_CCITT	7 /* CRC32, initial value 0xFFFFFFFF */
+
+#define LMI_DEFAULT		0 /* Default setting */
+#define LMI_NONE		1 /* No LMI, all PVCs are static */
+#define LMI_ANSI		2 /* ANSI Annex D */
+#define LMI_CCITT		3 /* ITU-T Annex A */
+#define LMI_CISCO		4 /* The "original" LMI, aka Gang of Four */
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned int clock_rate; /* bits per second */
+	unsigned int clock_type; /* internal, external, TX-internal etc. */
+	unsigned short loopback;
+} sync_serial_settings;          /* V.35, V.24, X.21 */
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned int clock_rate; /* bits per second */
+	unsigned int clock_type; /* internal, external, TX-internal etc. */
+	unsigned short loopback;
+	unsigned int slot_map;
+} te1_settings;                  /* T1, E1 */
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned short encoding;
+	unsigned short parity;
+} raw_hdlc_proto;
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned int t391;
+	unsigned int t392;
+	unsigned int n391;
+	unsigned int n392;
+	unsigned int n393;
+	unsigned short lmi;
+	unsigned short dce; /* 1 for DCE (network side) operation */
+} fr_proto;
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned int dlci;
+} fr_proto_pvc;          /* for creating/deleting FR PVCs */
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned int dlci;
+	char master[IFNAMSIZ];	/* Name of master FRAD device */
+}fr_proto_pvc_info;		/* for returning PVC information only */
+
+typedef struct {
+    unsigned int interval;
+    unsigned int timeout;
+} cisco_proto;
+
+typedef struct {
+	unsigned short dce; /* 1 for DCE (network side) operation */
+	unsigned int modulo; /* modulo (8 = basic / 128 = extended) */
+	unsigned int window; /* frame window size */
+	unsigned int t1; /* timeout t1 */
+	unsigned int t2; /* timeout t2 */
+	unsigned int n2; /* frame retry counter */
+} x25_hdlc_proto;
+
+/* PPP doesn't need any info now - supply length = 0 to ioctl */
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+#endif /* __HDLC_IOCTL_H__ */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if.h b/src/basic/linux/if.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79f5c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if.h
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
+ *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
+ *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
+ *
+ *		Global definitions for the INET interface module.
+ *
+ * Version:	@(#)if.h	1.0.2	04/18/93
+ *
+ * Authors:	Original taken from Berkeley UNIX 4.3, (c) UCB 1982-1988
+ *		Ross Biro
+ *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
+ *
+ *		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *		modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *		as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *		2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_IF_H
+#define _LINUX_IF_H
+
+#include <linux/libc-compat.h>          /* for compatibility with glibc */
+#include <linux/types.h>		/* for "__kernel_caddr_t" et al	*/
+#include <linux/socket.h>		/* for "struct sockaddr" et al	*/
+
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#include <sys/socket.h>			/* for struct sockaddr.		*/
+#endif
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ
+#define	IFNAMSIZ	16
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ */
+#define	IFALIASZ	256
+#define	ALTIFNAMSIZ	128
+#include <linux/hdlc/ioctl.h>
+
+/* For glibc compatibility. An empty enum does not compile. */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO != 0 || \
+    __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS != 0
+/**
+ * enum net_device_flags - &struct net_device flags
+ *
+ * These are the &struct net_device flags, they can be set by drivers, the
+ * kernel and some can be triggered by userspace. Userspace can query and
+ * set these flags using userspace utilities but there is also a sysfs
+ * entry available for all dev flags which can be queried and set. These flags
+ * are shared for all types of net_devices. The sysfs entries are available
+ * via /sys/class/net/<dev>/flags. Flags which can be toggled through sysfs
+ * are annotated below, note that only a few flags can be toggled and some
+ * other flags are always preserved from the original net_device flags
+ * even if you try to set them via sysfs. Flags which are always preserved
+ * are kept under the flag grouping @IFF_VOLATILE. Flags which are volatile
+ * are annotated below as such.
+ *
+ * You should have a pretty good reason to be extending these flags.
+ *
+ * @IFF_UP: interface is up. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_BROADCAST: broadcast address valid. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_DEBUG: turn on debugging. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_LOOPBACK: is a loopback net. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_POINTOPOINT: interface is has p-p link. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_NOTRAILERS: avoid use of trailers. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ *	Volatile.
+ * @IFF_RUNNING: interface RFC2863 OPER_UP. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_NOARP: no ARP protocol. Can be toggled through sysfs. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_PROMISC: receive all packets. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_ALLMULTI: receive all multicast packets. Can be toggled through
+ *	sysfs.
+ * @IFF_MASTER: master of a load balancer. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_SLAVE: slave of a load balancer. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_MULTICAST: Supports multicast. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_PORTSEL: can set media type. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_AUTOMEDIA: auto media select active. Can be toggled through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_DYNAMIC: dialup device with changing addresses. Can be toggled
+ *	through sysfs.
+ * @IFF_LOWER_UP: driver signals L1 up. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_DORMANT: driver signals dormant. Volatile.
+ * @IFF_ECHO: echo sent packets. Volatile.
+ */
+enum net_device_flags {
+/* for compatibility with glibc net/if.h */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS
+	IFF_UP				= 1<<0,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_BROADCAST			= 1<<1,  /* volatile */
+	IFF_DEBUG			= 1<<2,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_LOOPBACK			= 1<<3,  /* volatile */
+	IFF_POINTOPOINT			= 1<<4,  /* volatile */
+	IFF_NOTRAILERS			= 1<<5,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_RUNNING			= 1<<6,  /* volatile */
+	IFF_NOARP			= 1<<7,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_PROMISC			= 1<<8,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_ALLMULTI			= 1<<9,  /* sysfs */
+	IFF_MASTER			= 1<<10, /* volatile */
+	IFF_SLAVE			= 1<<11, /* volatile */
+	IFF_MULTICAST			= 1<<12, /* sysfs */
+	IFF_PORTSEL			= 1<<13, /* sysfs */
+	IFF_AUTOMEDIA			= 1<<14, /* sysfs */
+	IFF_DYNAMIC			= 1<<15, /* sysfs */
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO
+	IFF_LOWER_UP			= 1<<16, /* volatile */
+	IFF_DORMANT			= 1<<17, /* volatile */
+	IFF_ECHO			= 1<<18, /* volatile */
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO */
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO != 0 || __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS != 0 */
+
+/* for compatibility with glibc net/if.h */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS
+#define IFF_UP				IFF_UP
+#define IFF_BROADCAST			IFF_BROADCAST
+#define IFF_DEBUG			IFF_DEBUG
+#define IFF_LOOPBACK			IFF_LOOPBACK
+#define IFF_POINTOPOINT			IFF_POINTOPOINT
+#define IFF_NOTRAILERS			IFF_NOTRAILERS
+#define IFF_RUNNING			IFF_RUNNING
+#define IFF_NOARP			IFF_NOARP
+#define IFF_PROMISC			IFF_PROMISC
+#define IFF_ALLMULTI			IFF_ALLMULTI
+#define IFF_MASTER			IFF_MASTER
+#define IFF_SLAVE			IFF_SLAVE
+#define IFF_MULTICAST			IFF_MULTICAST
+#define IFF_PORTSEL			IFF_PORTSEL
+#define IFF_AUTOMEDIA			IFF_AUTOMEDIA
+#define IFF_DYNAMIC			IFF_DYNAMIC
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS */
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO
+#define IFF_LOWER_UP			IFF_LOWER_UP
+#define IFF_DORMANT			IFF_DORMANT
+#define IFF_ECHO			IFF_ECHO
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO */
+
+#define IFF_VOLATILE	(IFF_LOOPBACK|IFF_POINTOPOINT|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_ECHO|\
+		IFF_MASTER|IFF_SLAVE|IFF_RUNNING|IFF_LOWER_UP|IFF_DORMANT)
+
+#define IF_GET_IFACE	0x0001		/* for querying only */
+#define IF_GET_PROTO	0x0002
+
+/* For definitions see hdlc.h */
+#define IF_IFACE_V35	0x1000		/* V.35 serial interface	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_V24	0x1001		/* V.24 serial interface	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_X21	0x1002		/* X.21 serial interface	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_T1	0x1003		/* T1 telco serial interface	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_E1	0x1004		/* E1 telco serial interface	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_SYNC_SERIAL 0x1005	/* can't be set by software	*/
+#define IF_IFACE_X21D   0x1006          /* X.21 Dual Clocking (FarSite) */
+
+/* For definitions see hdlc.h */
+#define IF_PROTO_HDLC	0x2000		/* raw HDLC protocol		*/
+#define IF_PROTO_PPP	0x2001		/* PPP protocol			*/
+#define IF_PROTO_CISCO	0x2002		/* Cisco HDLC protocol		*/
+#define IF_PROTO_FR	0x2003		/* Frame Relay protocol		*/
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_ADD_PVC 0x2004	/*    Create FR PVC		*/
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_DEL_PVC 0x2005	/*    Delete FR PVC		*/
+#define IF_PROTO_X25	0x2006		/* X.25				*/
+#define IF_PROTO_HDLC_ETH 0x2007	/* raw HDLC, Ethernet emulation	*/
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_ADD_ETH_PVC 0x2008	/*  Create FR Ethernet-bridged PVC */
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_DEL_ETH_PVC 0x2009	/*  Delete FR Ethernet-bridged PVC */
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_PVC	0x200A		/* for reading PVC status	*/
+#define IF_PROTO_FR_ETH_PVC 0x200B
+#define IF_PROTO_RAW    0x200C          /* RAW Socket                   */
+
+/* RFC 2863 operational status */
+enum {
+	IF_OPER_UNKNOWN,
+	IF_OPER_NOTPRESENT,
+	IF_OPER_DOWN,
+	IF_OPER_LOWERLAYERDOWN,
+	IF_OPER_TESTING,
+	IF_OPER_DORMANT,
+	IF_OPER_UP,
+};
+
+/* link modes */
+enum {
+	IF_LINK_MODE_DEFAULT,
+	IF_LINK_MODE_DORMANT,	/* limit upward transition to dormant */
+	IF_LINK_MODE_TESTING,	/* limit upward transition to testing */
+};
+
+/*
+ *	Device mapping structure. I'd just gone off and designed a 
+ *	beautiful scheme using only loadable modules with arguments
+ *	for driver options and along come the PCMCIA people 8)
+ *
+ *	Ah well. The get() side of this is good for WDSETUP, and it'll
+ *	be handy for debugging things. The set side is fine for now and
+ *	being very small might be worth keeping for clean configuration.
+ */
+
+/* for compatibility with glibc net/if.h */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP
+struct ifmap {
+	unsigned long mem_start;
+	unsigned long mem_end;
+	unsigned short base_addr; 
+	unsigned char irq;
+	unsigned char dma;
+	unsigned char port;
+	/* 3 bytes spare */
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP */
+
+struct if_settings {
+	unsigned int type;	/* Type of physical device or protocol */
+	unsigned int size;	/* Size of the data allocated by the caller */
+	union {
+		/* {atm/eth/dsl}_settings anyone ? */
+		raw_hdlc_proto		*raw_hdlc;
+		cisco_proto		*cisco;
+		fr_proto		*fr;
+		fr_proto_pvc		*fr_pvc;
+		fr_proto_pvc_info	*fr_pvc_info;
+		x25_hdlc_proto		*x25;
+
+		/* interface settings */
+		sync_serial_settings	*sync;
+		te1_settings		*te1;
+	} ifs_ifsu;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Interface request structure used for socket
+ * ioctl's.  All interface ioctl's must have parameter
+ * definitions which begin with ifr_name.  The
+ * remainder may be interface specific.
+ */
+
+/* for compatibility with glibc net/if.h */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ
+struct ifreq {
+#define IFHWADDRLEN	6
+	union
+	{
+		char	ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];		/* if name, e.g. "en0" */
+	} ifr_ifrn;
+	
+	union {
+		struct	sockaddr ifru_addr;
+		struct	sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
+		struct	sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
+		struct	sockaddr ifru_netmask;
+		struct  sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
+		short	ifru_flags;
+		int	ifru_ivalue;
+		int	ifru_mtu;
+		struct  ifmap ifru_map;
+		char	ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];	/* Just fits the size */
+		char	ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
+		void *	ifru_data;
+		struct	if_settings ifru_settings;
+	} ifr_ifru;
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ */
+
+#define ifr_name	ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name	/* interface name 	*/
+#define ifr_hwaddr	ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr	/* MAC address 		*/
+#define	ifr_addr	ifr_ifru.ifru_addr	/* address		*/
+#define	ifr_dstaddr	ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr	/* other end of p-p lnk	*/
+#define	ifr_broadaddr	ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr	/* broadcast address	*/
+#define	ifr_netmask	ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask	/* interface net mask	*/
+#define	ifr_flags	ifr_ifru.ifru_flags	/* flags		*/
+#define	ifr_metric	ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue	/* metric		*/
+#define	ifr_mtu		ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu	/* mtu			*/
+#define ifr_map		ifr_ifru.ifru_map	/* device map		*/
+#define ifr_slave	ifr_ifru.ifru_slave	/* slave device		*/
+#define	ifr_data	ifr_ifru.ifru_data	/* for use by interface	*/
+#define ifr_ifindex	ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue	/* interface index	*/
+#define ifr_bandwidth	ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue    /* link bandwidth	*/
+#define ifr_qlen	ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue	/* Queue length 	*/
+#define ifr_newname	ifr_ifru.ifru_newname	/* New name		*/
+#define ifr_settings	ifr_ifru.ifru_settings	/* Device/proto settings*/
+
+/*
+ * Structure used in SIOCGIFCONF request.
+ * Used to retrieve interface configuration
+ * for machine (useful for programs which
+ * must know all networks accessible).
+ */
+
+/* for compatibility with glibc net/if.h */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF
+struct ifconf  {
+	int	ifc_len;			/* size of buffer	*/
+	union {
+		char *ifcu_buf;
+		struct ifreq *ifcu_req;
+	} ifc_ifcu;
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF */
+
+#define	ifc_buf	ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf		/* buffer address	*/
+#define	ifc_req	ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req		/* array of structures	*/
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_IF_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_addr.h b/src/basic/linux/if_addr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c392dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_addr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __LINUX_IF_ADDR_H
+#define __LINUX_IF_ADDR_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+
+struct ifaddrmsg {
+	__u8		ifa_family;
+	__u8		ifa_prefixlen;	/* The prefix length		*/
+	__u8		ifa_flags;	/* Flags			*/
+	__u8		ifa_scope;	/* Address scope		*/
+	__u32		ifa_index;	/* Link index			*/
+};
+
+/*
+ * Important comment:
+ * IFA_ADDRESS is prefix address, rather than local interface address.
+ * It makes no difference for normally configured broadcast interfaces,
+ * but for point-to-point IFA_ADDRESS is DESTINATION address,
+ * local address is supplied in IFA_LOCAL attribute.
+ *
+ * IFA_FLAGS is a u32 attribute that extends the u8 field ifa_flags.
+ * If present, the value from struct ifaddrmsg will be ignored.
+ */
+enum {
+	IFA_UNSPEC,
+	IFA_ADDRESS,
+	IFA_LOCAL,
+	IFA_LABEL,
+	IFA_BROADCAST,
+	IFA_ANYCAST,
+	IFA_CACHEINFO,
+	IFA_MULTICAST,
+	IFA_FLAGS,
+	IFA_RT_PRIORITY,	/* u32, priority/metric for prefix route */
+	IFA_TARGET_NETNSID,
+	IFA_PROTO,		/* u8, address protocol */
+	__IFA_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFA_MAX (__IFA_MAX - 1)
+
+/* ifa_flags */
+#define IFA_F_SECONDARY		0x01
+#define IFA_F_TEMPORARY		IFA_F_SECONDARY
+
+#define	IFA_F_NODAD		0x02
+#define IFA_F_OPTIMISTIC	0x04
+#define IFA_F_DADFAILED		0x08
+#define	IFA_F_HOMEADDRESS	0x10
+#define IFA_F_DEPRECATED	0x20
+#define IFA_F_TENTATIVE		0x40
+#define IFA_F_PERMANENT		0x80
+#define IFA_F_MANAGETEMPADDR	0x100
+#define IFA_F_NOPREFIXROUTE	0x200
+#define IFA_F_MCAUTOJOIN	0x400
+#define IFA_F_STABLE_PRIVACY	0x800
+
+struct ifa_cacheinfo {
+	__u32	ifa_prefered;
+	__u32	ifa_valid;
+	__u32	cstamp; /* created timestamp, hundredths of seconds */
+	__u32	tstamp; /* updated timestamp, hundredths of seconds */
+};
+
+/* backwards compatibility for userspace */
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#define IFA_RTA(r)  ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(r)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ifaddrmsg))))
+#define IFA_PAYLOAD(n) NLMSG_PAYLOAD(n,sizeof(struct ifaddrmsg))
+#endif
+
+/* ifa_proto */
+#define IFAPROT_UNSPEC		0
+#define IFAPROT_KERNEL_LO	1	/* loopback */
+#define IFAPROT_KERNEL_RA	2	/* set by kernel from router announcement */
+#define IFAPROT_KERNEL_LL	3	/* link-local set by kernel */
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_bonding.h b/src/basic/linux/if_bonding.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d174914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_bonding.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * Bond several ethernet interfaces into a Cisco, running 'Etherchannel'.
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions are (c) Copyright 1995 Simon "Guru Aleph-Null" Janes
+ * NCM: Network and Communications Management, Inc.
+ *
+ * BUT, I'm the one who modified it for ethernet, so:
+ * (c) Copyright 1999, Thomas Davis, tadavis@lbl.gov
+ *
+ *	This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
+ *	of the GNU Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
+ *
+ * 2003/03/18 - Amir Noam <amir.noam at intel dot com>
+ *	- Added support for getting slave's speed and duplex via ethtool.
+ *	  Needed for 802.3ad and other future modes.
+ *
+ * 2003/03/18 - Tsippy Mendelson <tsippy.mendelson at intel dot com> and
+ *		Shmulik Hen <shmulik.hen at intel dot com>
+ *	- Enable support of modes that need to use the unique mac address of
+ *	  each slave.
+ *
+ * 2003/03/18 - Tsippy Mendelson <tsippy.mendelson at intel dot com> and
+ *		Amir Noam <amir.noam at intel dot com>
+ *	- Moved driver's private data types to bonding.h
+ *
+ * 2003/03/18 - Amir Noam <amir.noam at intel dot com>,
+ *		Tsippy Mendelson <tsippy.mendelson at intel dot com> and
+ *		Shmulik Hen <shmulik.hen at intel dot com>
+ *	- Added support for IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation mode.
+ *
+ * 2003/05/01 - Amir Noam <amir.noam at intel dot com>
+ *	- Added ABI version control to restore compatibility between
+ *	  new/old ifenslave and new/old bonding.
+ *
+ * 2003/12/01 - Shmulik Hen <shmulik.hen at intel dot com>
+ *	- Code cleanup and style changes
+ *
+ * 2005/05/05 - Jason Gabler <jygabler at lbl dot gov>
+ *      - added definitions for various XOR hashing policies
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_IF_BONDING_H
+#define _LINUX_IF_BONDING_H
+
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+
+/* userland - kernel ABI version (2003/05/08) */
+#define BOND_ABI_VERSION 2
+
+/*
+ * We can remove these ioctl definitions in 2.5.  People should use the
+ * SIOC*** versions of them instead
+ */
+#define BOND_ENSLAVE_OLD		(SIOCDEVPRIVATE)
+#define BOND_RELEASE_OLD		(SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 1)
+#define BOND_SETHWADDR_OLD		(SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 2)
+#define BOND_SLAVE_INFO_QUERY_OLD	(SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 11)
+#define BOND_INFO_QUERY_OLD		(SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 12)
+#define BOND_CHANGE_ACTIVE_OLD		(SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 13)
+
+#define BOND_CHECK_MII_STATUS	(SIOCGMIIPHY)
+
+#define BOND_MODE_ROUNDROBIN	0
+#define BOND_MODE_ACTIVEBACKUP	1
+#define BOND_MODE_XOR		2
+#define BOND_MODE_BROADCAST	3
+#define BOND_MODE_8023AD        4
+#define BOND_MODE_TLB           5
+#define BOND_MODE_ALB		6 /* TLB + RLB (receive load balancing) */
+
+/* each slave's link has 4 states */
+#define BOND_LINK_UP    0           /* link is up and running */
+#define BOND_LINK_FAIL  1           /* link has just gone down */
+#define BOND_LINK_DOWN  2           /* link has been down for too long time */
+#define BOND_LINK_BACK  3           /* link is going back */
+
+/* each slave has several states */
+#define BOND_STATE_ACTIVE       0   /* link is active */
+#define BOND_STATE_BACKUP       1   /* link is backup */
+
+#define BOND_DEFAULT_MAX_BONDS  1   /* Default maximum number of devices to support */
+
+#define BOND_DEFAULT_TX_QUEUES 16   /* Default number of tx queues per device */
+
+#define BOND_DEFAULT_RESEND_IGMP	1 /* Default number of IGMP membership reports */
+
+/* hashing types */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_LAYER2		0 /* layer 2 (MAC only), default */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_LAYER34	1 /* layer 3+4 (IP ^ (TCP || UDP)) */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_LAYER23	2 /* layer 2+3 (IP ^ MAC) */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_ENCAP23	3 /* encapsulated layer 2+3 */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_ENCAP34	4 /* encapsulated layer 3+4 */
+#define BOND_XMIT_POLICY_VLAN_SRCMAC	5 /* vlan + source MAC */
+
+/* 802.3ad port state definitions (43.4.2.2 in the 802.3ad standard) */
+#define LACP_STATE_LACP_ACTIVITY   0x1
+#define LACP_STATE_LACP_TIMEOUT    0x2
+#define LACP_STATE_AGGREGATION     0x4
+#define LACP_STATE_SYNCHRONIZATION 0x8
+#define LACP_STATE_COLLECTING      0x10
+#define LACP_STATE_DISTRIBUTING    0x20
+#define LACP_STATE_DEFAULTED       0x40
+#define LACP_STATE_EXPIRED         0x80
+
+typedef struct ifbond {
+	__s32 bond_mode;
+	__s32 num_slaves;
+	__s32 miimon;
+} ifbond;
+
+typedef struct ifslave {
+	__s32 slave_id; /* Used as an IN param to the BOND_SLAVE_INFO_QUERY ioctl */
+	char slave_name[IFNAMSIZ];
+	__s8 link;
+	__s8 state;
+	__u32  link_failure_count;
+} ifslave;
+
+struct ad_info {
+	__u16 aggregator_id;
+	__u16 ports;
+	__u16 actor_key;
+	__u16 partner_key;
+	__u8 partner_system[ETH_ALEN];
+};
+
+/* Embedded inside LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_BOND */
+enum {
+	BOND_XSTATS_UNSPEC,
+	BOND_XSTATS_3AD,
+	__BOND_XSTATS_MAX
+};
+#define BOND_XSTATS_MAX (__BOND_XSTATS_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Embedded inside BOND_XSTATS_3AD */
+enum {
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_LACPDU_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_LACPDU_TX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_LACPDU_UNKNOWN_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_LACPDU_ILLEGAL_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_MARKER_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_MARKER_TX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_MARKER_RESP_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_MARKER_RESP_TX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_MARKER_UNKNOWN_RX,
+	BOND_3AD_STAT_PAD,
+	__BOND_3AD_STAT_MAX
+};
+#define BOND_3AD_STAT_MAX (__BOND_3AD_STAT_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_IF_BONDING_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_bridge.h b/src/basic/linux/if_bridge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9de241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_bridge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ *	Linux ethernet bridge
+ *
+ *	Authors:
+ *	Lennert Buytenhek		<buytenh@gnu.org>
+ *
+ *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *	2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IF_BRIDGE_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IF_BRIDGE_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+
+#define SYSFS_BRIDGE_ATTR	"bridge"
+#define SYSFS_BRIDGE_FDB	"brforward"
+#define SYSFS_BRIDGE_PORT_SUBDIR "brif"
+#define SYSFS_BRIDGE_PORT_ATTR	"brport"
+#define SYSFS_BRIDGE_PORT_LINK	"bridge"
+
+#define BRCTL_VERSION 1
+
+#define BRCTL_GET_VERSION 0
+#define BRCTL_GET_BRIDGES 1
+#define BRCTL_ADD_BRIDGE 2
+#define BRCTL_DEL_BRIDGE 3
+#define BRCTL_ADD_IF 4
+#define BRCTL_DEL_IF 5
+#define BRCTL_GET_BRIDGE_INFO 6
+#define BRCTL_GET_PORT_LIST 7
+#define BRCTL_SET_BRIDGE_FORWARD_DELAY 8
+#define BRCTL_SET_BRIDGE_HELLO_TIME 9
+#define BRCTL_SET_BRIDGE_MAX_AGE 10
+#define BRCTL_SET_AGEING_TIME 11
+#define BRCTL_SET_GC_INTERVAL 12
+#define BRCTL_GET_PORT_INFO 13
+#define BRCTL_SET_BRIDGE_STP_STATE 14
+#define BRCTL_SET_BRIDGE_PRIORITY 15
+#define BRCTL_SET_PORT_PRIORITY 16
+#define BRCTL_SET_PATH_COST 17
+#define BRCTL_GET_FDB_ENTRIES 18
+
+#define BR_STATE_DISABLED 0
+#define BR_STATE_LISTENING 1
+#define BR_STATE_LEARNING 2
+#define BR_STATE_FORWARDING 3
+#define BR_STATE_BLOCKING 4
+
+struct __bridge_info {
+	__u64 designated_root;
+	__u64 bridge_id;
+	__u32 root_path_cost;
+	__u32 max_age;
+	__u32 hello_time;
+	__u32 forward_delay;
+	__u32 bridge_max_age;
+	__u32 bridge_hello_time;
+	__u32 bridge_forward_delay;
+	__u8 topology_change;
+	__u8 topology_change_detected;
+	__u8 root_port;
+	__u8 stp_enabled;
+	__u32 ageing_time;
+	__u32 gc_interval;
+	__u32 hello_timer_value;
+	__u32 tcn_timer_value;
+	__u32 topology_change_timer_value;
+	__u32 gc_timer_value;
+};
+
+struct __port_info {
+	__u64 designated_root;
+	__u64 designated_bridge;
+	__u16 port_id;
+	__u16 designated_port;
+	__u32 path_cost;
+	__u32 designated_cost;
+	__u8 state;
+	__u8 top_change_ack;
+	__u8 config_pending;
+	__u8 unused0;
+	__u32 message_age_timer_value;
+	__u32 forward_delay_timer_value;
+	__u32 hold_timer_value;
+};
+
+struct __fdb_entry {
+	__u8 mac_addr[ETH_ALEN];
+	__u8 port_no;
+	__u8 is_local;
+	__u32 ageing_timer_value;
+	__u8 port_hi;
+	__u8 pad0;
+	__u16 unused;
+};
+
+/* Bridge Flags */
+#define BRIDGE_FLAGS_MASTER	1	/* Bridge command to/from master */
+#define BRIDGE_FLAGS_SELF	2	/* Bridge command to/from lowerdev */
+
+#define BRIDGE_MODE_VEB		0	/* Default loopback mode */
+#define BRIDGE_MODE_VEPA	1	/* 802.1Qbg defined VEPA mode */
+#define BRIDGE_MODE_UNDEF	0xFFFF  /* mode undefined */
+
+/* Bridge management nested attributes
+ * [IFLA_AF_SPEC] = {
+ *     [IFLA_BRIDGE_FLAGS]
+ *     [IFLA_BRIDGE_MODE]
+ *     [IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO]
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MODE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MAX - 1)
+
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_MASTER	(1<<0)	/* Operate on Bridge device as well */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_PVID	(1<<1)	/* VLAN is PVID, ingress untagged */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_UNTAGGED	(1<<2)	/* VLAN egresses untagged */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_RANGE_BEGIN	(1<<3) /* VLAN is start of vlan range */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_RANGE_END	(1<<4) /* VLAN is end of vlan range */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_BRENTRY	(1<<5) /* Global bridge VLAN entry */
+#define BRIDGE_VLAN_INFO_ONLY_OPTS	(1<<6) /* Skip create/delete/flags */
+
+struct bridge_vlan_info {
+	__u16 flags;
+	__u16 vid;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_VID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_FLAGS,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_VLAN_TUNNEL_MAX - 1)
+
+struct bridge_vlan_xstats {
+	__u64 rx_bytes;
+	__u64 rx_packets;
+	__u64 tx_bytes;
+	__u64 tx_packets;
+	__u16 vid;
+	__u16 flags;
+	__u32 pad2;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_P_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_S_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_PRIO,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INSTANCE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE_STATE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_STATE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE_ROLE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_PORT_ROLE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_STATE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_STATE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_ROLE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_RING_ROLE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_MAX_MISS,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_PERIOD,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_MONITOR,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_TEST_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_P_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_S_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_PRIO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_RING_STATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_RING_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_TEST_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_TEST_MAX_MISS,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_TEST_MONITOR,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_I_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_IN_STATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_IN_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_IN_TEST_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_IN_TEST_MAX_MISS,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_INFO_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_IN_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_STATE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_STATE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_RING_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_IN_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_ROLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_I_IFINDEX,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_IN_ROLE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_IN_ID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_MAX_MISS,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_PERIOD,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MRP_START_IN_TEST_MAX - 1)
+
+struct br_mrp_instance {
+	__u32 ring_id;
+	__u32 p_ifindex;
+	__u32 s_ifindex;
+	__u16 prio;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_ring_state {
+	__u32 ring_id;
+	__u32 ring_state;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_ring_role {
+	__u32 ring_id;
+	__u32 ring_role;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_start_test {
+	__u32 ring_id;
+	__u32 interval;
+	__u32 max_miss;
+	__u32 period;
+	__u32 monitor;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_in_state {
+	__u32 in_state;
+	__u16 in_id;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_in_role {
+	__u32 ring_id;
+	__u32 in_role;
+	__u32 i_ifindex;
+	__u16 in_id;
+};
+
+struct br_mrp_start_in_test {
+	__u32 interval;
+	__u32 max_miss;
+	__u32 period;
+	__u16 in_id;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_ADD,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_REMOVE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_INFO,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_INFO,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_DOMAIN,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_DIRECTION,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_IFINDEX,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CREATE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE_INSTANCE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_DELETE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_UNICAST_MAC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_MDLEVEL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_MEPID,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_CONFIG_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_ENABLE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_EXP_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_EXP_MAID,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CONFIG_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEPID,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_MEP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_RDI,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_RDI_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_DMAC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_SEQ_NO_UPDATE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_PERIOD,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_IF_TLV,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_IF_TLV_VALUE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_PORT_TLV,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_PORT_TLV_VALUE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_CCM_TX_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_OPCODE_UNEXP_SEEN,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_VERSION_UNEXP_SEEN,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_RX_LEVEL_LOW_SEEN,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_MEP_STATUS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_INSTANCE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_PEER_MEPID,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_CCM_DEFECT,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_RDI,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_PORT_TLV_VALUE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_IF_TLV_VALUE,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_SEEN,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_TLV_SEEN,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_SEQ_UNEXP_SEEN,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_CFM_CC_PEER_STATUS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_MSTI,
+	IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_STATE,
+	__IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_MAX (__IFLA_BRIDGE_MST_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+struct bridge_stp_xstats {
+	__u64 transition_blk;
+	__u64 transition_fwd;
+	__u64 rx_bpdu;
+	__u64 tx_bpdu;
+	__u64 rx_tcn;
+	__u64 tx_tcn;
+};
+
+/* Bridge vlan RTM header */
+struct br_vlan_msg {
+	__u8 family;
+	__u8 reserved1;
+	__u16 reserved2;
+	__u32 ifindex;
+};
+
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_FLAGS,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_MAX,
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* flags used in BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMP_FLAGS attribute to affect dumps */
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMPF_STATS	(1 << 0) /* Include stats in the dump */
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_DUMPF_GLOBAL	(1 << 1) /* Dump global vlan options only */
+
+/* Bridge vlan RTM attributes
+ * [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY] = {
+ *     [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_INFO]
+ *     ...
+ * }
+ * [BRIDGE_VLANDB_GLOBAL_OPTIONS] = {
+ *     [BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_ID]
+ *     ...
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GLOBAL_OPTIONS,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_MAX,
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_INFO,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_RANGE,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_STATE,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_TUNNEL_INFO,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_STATS,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_MCAST_ROUTER,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+/* [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY] = {
+ *     [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_TUNNEL_INFO] = {
+ *         [BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_ID]
+ *         ...
+ *     }
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_ID,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_CMD,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_MAX,
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_TINFO_MAX - 1)
+
+/* [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY] = {
+ *     [BRIDGE_VLANDB_ENTRY_STATS] = {
+ *         [BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_RX_BYTES]
+ *         ...
+ *     }
+ *     ...
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_RX_BYTES,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_RX_PACKETS,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_TX_BYTES,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_TX_PACKETS,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_PAD,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_MAX,
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_ID,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_RANGE,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_SNOOPING,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_IGMP_VERSION,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_MLD_VERSION,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_LAST_MEMBER_CNT,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_STARTUP_QUERY_CNT,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_LAST_MEMBER_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_PAD,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_MEMBERSHIP_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_QUERIER_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_QUERY_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_QUERY_RESPONSE_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_STARTUP_QUERY_INTVL,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_QUERIER,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_ROUTER_PORTS,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MCAST_QUERIER_STATE,
+	BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MSTI,
+	__BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MAX
+};
+#define BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MAX (__BRIDGE_VLANDB_GOPTS_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Bridge multicast database attributes
+ * [MDBA_MDB] = {
+ *     [MDBA_MDB_ENTRY] = {
+ *         [MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_INFO] {
+ *		struct br_mdb_entry
+ *		[MDBA_MDB_EATTR attributes]
+ *         }
+ *     }
+ * }
+ * [MDBA_ROUTER] = {
+ *    [MDBA_ROUTER_PORT] = {
+ *        u32 ifindex
+ *        [MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR attributes]
+ *    }
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	MDBA_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB,
+	MDBA_ROUTER,
+	__MDBA_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBA_MAX (__MDBA_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	MDBA_MDB_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB_ENTRY,
+	__MDBA_MDB_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBA_MDB_MAX (__MDBA_MDB_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_INFO,
+	__MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_MAX (__MDBA_MDB_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+/* per mdb entry additional attributes */
+enum {
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_TIMER,
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_SRC_LIST,
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_GROUP_MODE,
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_SOURCE,
+	MDBA_MDB_EATTR_RTPROT,
+	__MDBA_MDB_EATTR_MAX
+};
+#define MDBA_MDB_EATTR_MAX (__MDBA_MDB_EATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* per mdb entry source */
+enum {
+	MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_ENTRY,
+	__MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_MAX
+};
+#define MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_MAX (__MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_MAX - 1)
+
+/* per mdb entry per source attributes
+ * these are embedded in MDBA_MDB_SRCLIST_ENTRY
+ */
+enum {
+	MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_ADDRESS,
+	MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_TIMER,
+	__MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_MAX
+};
+#define MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_MAX (__MDBA_MDB_SRCATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* multicast router types */
+enum {
+	MDB_RTR_TYPE_DISABLED,
+	MDB_RTR_TYPE_TEMP_QUERY,
+	MDB_RTR_TYPE_PERM,
+	MDB_RTR_TYPE_TEMP
+};
+
+enum {
+	MDBA_ROUTER_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PORT,
+	__MDBA_ROUTER_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBA_ROUTER_MAX (__MDBA_ROUTER_MAX - 1)
+
+/* router port attributes */
+enum {
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_TIMER,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_TYPE,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_INET_TIMER,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_INET6_TIMER,
+	MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_VID,
+	__MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_MAX
+};
+#define MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_MAX (__MDBA_ROUTER_PATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+struct br_port_msg {
+	__u8  family;
+	__u32 ifindex;
+};
+
+struct br_mdb_entry {
+	__u32 ifindex;
+#define MDB_TEMPORARY 0
+#define MDB_PERMANENT 1
+	__u8 state;
+#define MDB_FLAGS_OFFLOAD	(1 << 0)
+#define MDB_FLAGS_FAST_LEAVE	(1 << 1)
+#define MDB_FLAGS_STAR_EXCL	(1 << 2)
+#define MDB_FLAGS_BLOCKED	(1 << 3)
+	__u8 flags;
+	__u16 vid;
+	struct {
+		union {
+			__be32	ip4;
+			struct in6_addr ip6;
+			unsigned char mac_addr[ETH_ALEN];
+		} u;
+		__be16		proto;
+	} addr;
+};
+
+enum {
+	MDBA_SET_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	MDBA_SET_ENTRY,
+	MDBA_SET_ENTRY_ATTRS,
+	__MDBA_SET_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBA_SET_ENTRY_MAX (__MDBA_SET_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+/* [MDBA_SET_ENTRY_ATTRS] = {
+ *    [MDBE_ATTR_xxx]
+ *    ...
+ * }
+ */
+enum {
+	MDBE_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MDBE_ATTR_SOURCE,
+	MDBE_ATTR_SRC_LIST,
+	MDBE_ATTR_GROUP_MODE,
+	MDBE_ATTR_RTPROT,
+	__MDBE_ATTR_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBE_ATTR_MAX (__MDBE_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* per mdb entry source */
+enum {
+	MDBE_SRC_LIST_UNSPEC,
+	MDBE_SRC_LIST_ENTRY,
+	__MDBE_SRC_LIST_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBE_SRC_LIST_MAX (__MDBE_SRC_LIST_MAX - 1)
+
+/* per mdb entry per source attributes
+ * these are embedded in MDBE_SRC_LIST_ENTRY
+ */
+enum {
+	MDBE_SRCATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MDBE_SRCATTR_ADDRESS,
+	__MDBE_SRCATTR_MAX,
+};
+#define MDBE_SRCATTR_MAX (__MDBE_SRCATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Embedded inside LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_BRIDGE */
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_XSTATS_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_XSTATS_VLAN,
+	BRIDGE_XSTATS_MCAST,
+	BRIDGE_XSTATS_PAD,
+	BRIDGE_XSTATS_STP,
+	__BRIDGE_XSTATS_MAX
+};
+#define BRIDGE_XSTATS_MAX (__BRIDGE_XSTATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	BR_MCAST_DIR_RX,
+	BR_MCAST_DIR_TX,
+	BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE
+};
+
+/* IGMP/MLD statistics */
+struct br_mcast_stats {
+	__u64 igmp_v1queries[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_v2queries[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_v3queries[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_leaves[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_v1reports[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_v2reports[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_v3reports[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 igmp_parse_errors;
+
+	__u64 mld_v1queries[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mld_v2queries[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mld_leaves[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mld_v1reports[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mld_v2reports[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mld_parse_errors;
+
+	__u64 mcast_bytes[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+	__u64 mcast_packets[BR_MCAST_DIR_SIZE];
+};
+
+/* bridge boolean options
+ * BR_BOOLOPT_NO_LL_LEARN - disable learning from link-local packets
+ * BR_BOOLOPT_MCAST_VLAN_SNOOPING - control vlan multicast snooping
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: if adding a new option do not forget to handle
+ *            it in br_boolopt_toggle/get and bridge sysfs
+ */
+enum br_boolopt_id {
+	BR_BOOLOPT_NO_LL_LEARN,
+	BR_BOOLOPT_MCAST_VLAN_SNOOPING,
+	BR_BOOLOPT_MST_ENABLE,
+	BR_BOOLOPT_MAX
+};
+
+/* struct br_boolopt_multi - change multiple bridge boolean options
+ *
+ * @optval: new option values (bit per option)
+ * @optmask: options to change (bit per option)
+ */
+struct br_boolopt_multi {
+	__u32 optval;
+	__u32 optmask;
+};
+
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IP_ADDRESS,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IP_PORT,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IP_OTHER_TIMER,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_PAD,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IPV6_ADDRESS,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IPV6_PORT,
+	BRIDGE_QUERIER_IPV6_OTHER_TIMER,
+	__BRIDGE_QUERIER_MAX
+};
+#define BRIDGE_QUERIER_MAX (__BRIDGE_QUERIER_MAX - 1)
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IF_BRIDGE_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_ether.h b/src/basic/linux/if_ether.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69e0457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_ether.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
+ *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
+ *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
+ *
+ *		Global definitions for the Ethernet IEEE 802.3 interface.
+ *
+ * Version:	@(#)if_ether.h	1.0.1a	02/08/94
+ *
+ * Author:	Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
+ *		Donald Becker, <becker@super.org>
+ *		Alan Cox, <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
+ *		Steve Whitehouse, <gw7rrm@eeshack3.swan.ac.uk>
+ *
+ *		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *		modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *		as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *		2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IF_ETHER_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IF_ETHER_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/*
+ *	IEEE 802.3 Ethernet magic constants.  The frame sizes omit the preamble
+ *	and FCS/CRC (frame check sequence).
+ */
+
+#define ETH_ALEN	6		/* Octets in one ethernet addr	 */
+#define ETH_TLEN	2		/* Octets in ethernet type field */
+#define ETH_HLEN	14		/* Total octets in header.	 */
+#define ETH_ZLEN	60		/* Min. octets in frame sans FCS */
+#define ETH_DATA_LEN	1500		/* Max. octets in payload	 */
+#define ETH_FRAME_LEN	1514		/* Max. octets in frame sans FCS */
+#define ETH_FCS_LEN	4		/* Octets in the FCS		 */
+
+#define ETH_MIN_MTU	68		/* Min IPv4 MTU per RFC791	*/
+#define ETH_MAX_MTU	0xFFFFU		/* 65535, same as IP_MAX_MTU	*/
+
+/*
+ *	These are the defined Ethernet Protocol ID's.
+ */
+
+#define ETH_P_LOOP	0x0060		/* Ethernet Loopback packet	*/
+#define ETH_P_PUP	0x0200		/* Xerox PUP packet		*/
+#define ETH_P_PUPAT	0x0201		/* Xerox PUP Addr Trans packet	*/
+#define ETH_P_TSN	0x22F0		/* TSN (IEEE 1722) packet	*/
+#define ETH_P_ERSPAN2	0x22EB		/* ERSPAN version 2 (type III)	*/
+#define ETH_P_IP	0x0800		/* Internet Protocol packet	*/
+#define ETH_P_X25	0x0805		/* CCITT X.25			*/
+#define ETH_P_ARP	0x0806		/* Address Resolution packet	*/
+#define	ETH_P_BPQ	0x08FF		/* G8BPQ AX.25 Ethernet Packet	[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_IEEEPUP	0x0a00		/* Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP packet */
+#define ETH_P_IEEEPUPAT	0x0a01		/* Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP Addr Trans packet */
+#define ETH_P_BATMAN	0x4305		/* B.A.T.M.A.N.-Advanced packet [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_DEC       0x6000          /* DEC Assigned proto           */
+#define ETH_P_DNA_DL    0x6001          /* DEC DNA Dump/Load            */
+#define ETH_P_DNA_RC    0x6002          /* DEC DNA Remote Console       */
+#define ETH_P_DNA_RT    0x6003          /* DEC DNA Routing              */
+#define ETH_P_LAT       0x6004          /* DEC LAT                      */
+#define ETH_P_DIAG      0x6005          /* DEC Diagnostics              */
+#define ETH_P_CUST      0x6006          /* DEC Customer use             */
+#define ETH_P_SCA       0x6007          /* DEC Systems Comms Arch       */
+#define ETH_P_TEB	0x6558		/* Trans Ether Bridging		*/
+#define ETH_P_RARP      0x8035		/* Reverse Addr Res packet	*/
+#define ETH_P_ATALK	0x809B		/* Appletalk DDP		*/
+#define ETH_P_AARP	0x80F3		/* Appletalk AARP		*/
+#define ETH_P_8021Q	0x8100          /* 802.1Q VLAN Extended Header  */
+#define ETH_P_ERSPAN	0x88BE		/* ERSPAN type II		*/
+#define ETH_P_IPX	0x8137		/* IPX over DIX			*/
+#define ETH_P_IPV6	0x86DD		/* IPv6 over bluebook		*/
+#define ETH_P_PAUSE	0x8808		/* IEEE Pause frames. See 802.3 31B */
+#define ETH_P_SLOW	0x8809		/* Slow Protocol. See 802.3ad 43B */
+#define ETH_P_WCCP	0x883E		/* Web-cache coordination protocol
+					 * defined in draft-wilson-wrec-wccp-v2-00.txt */
+#define ETH_P_MPLS_UC	0x8847		/* MPLS Unicast traffic		*/
+#define ETH_P_MPLS_MC	0x8848		/* MPLS Multicast traffic	*/
+#define ETH_P_ATMMPOA	0x884c		/* MultiProtocol Over ATM	*/
+#define ETH_P_PPP_DISC	0x8863		/* PPPoE discovery messages     */
+#define ETH_P_PPP_SES	0x8864		/* PPPoE session messages	*/
+#define ETH_P_LINK_CTL	0x886c		/* HPNA, wlan link local tunnel */
+#define ETH_P_ATMFATE	0x8884		/* Frame-based ATM Transport
+					 * over Ethernet
+					 */
+#define ETH_P_PAE	0x888E		/* Port Access Entity (IEEE 802.1X) */
+#define ETH_P_PROFINET	0x8892		/* PROFINET			*/
+#define ETH_P_REALTEK	0x8899          /* Multiple proprietary protocols */
+#define ETH_P_AOE	0x88A2		/* ATA over Ethernet		*/
+#define ETH_P_ETHERCAT	0x88A4		/* EtherCAT			*/
+#define ETH_P_8021AD	0x88A8          /* 802.1ad Service VLAN		*/
+#define ETH_P_802_EX1	0x88B5		/* 802.1 Local Experimental 1.  */
+#define ETH_P_PREAUTH	0x88C7		/* 802.11 Preauthentication */
+#define ETH_P_TIPC	0x88CA		/* TIPC 			*/
+#define ETH_P_LLDP	0x88CC		/* Link Layer Discovery Protocol */
+#define ETH_P_MRP	0x88E3		/* Media Redundancy Protocol	*/
+#define ETH_P_MACSEC	0x88E5		/* 802.1ae MACsec */
+#define ETH_P_8021AH	0x88E7          /* 802.1ah Backbone Service Tag */
+#define ETH_P_MVRP	0x88F5          /* 802.1Q MVRP                  */
+#define ETH_P_1588	0x88F7		/* IEEE 1588 Timesync */
+#define ETH_P_NCSI	0x88F8		/* NCSI protocol		*/
+#define ETH_P_PRP	0x88FB		/* IEC 62439-3 PRP/HSRv0	*/
+#define ETH_P_CFM	0x8902		/* Connectivity Fault Management */
+#define ETH_P_FCOE	0x8906		/* Fibre Channel over Ethernet  */
+#define ETH_P_IBOE	0x8915		/* Infiniband over Ethernet	*/
+#define ETH_P_TDLS	0x890D          /* TDLS */
+#define ETH_P_FIP	0x8914		/* FCoE Initialization Protocol */
+#define ETH_P_80221	0x8917		/* IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Protocol */
+#define ETH_P_HSR	0x892F		/* IEC 62439-3 HSRv1	*/
+#define ETH_P_NSH	0x894F		/* Network Service Header */
+#define ETH_P_LOOPBACK	0x9000		/* Ethernet loopback packet, per IEEE 802.3 */
+#define ETH_P_QINQ1	0x9100		/* deprecated QinQ VLAN [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_QINQ2	0x9200		/* deprecated QinQ VLAN [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_QINQ3	0x9300		/* deprecated QinQ VLAN [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_EDSA	0xDADA		/* Ethertype DSA [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_DSA_8021Q	0xDADB		/* Fake VLAN Header for DSA [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_DSA_A5PSW	0xE001		/* A5PSW Tag Value [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+#define ETH_P_IFE	0xED3E		/* ForCES inter-FE LFB type */
+#define ETH_P_AF_IUCV   0xFBFB		/* IBM af_iucv [ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID ] */
+
+#define ETH_P_802_3_MIN	0x0600		/* If the value in the ethernet type is more than this value
+					 * then the frame is Ethernet II. Else it is 802.3 */
+
+/*
+ *	Non DIX types. Won't clash for 1500 types.
+ */
+
+#define ETH_P_802_3	0x0001		/* Dummy type for 802.3 frames  */
+#define ETH_P_AX25	0x0002		/* Dummy protocol id for AX.25  */
+#define ETH_P_ALL	0x0003		/* Every packet (be careful!!!) */
+#define ETH_P_802_2	0x0004		/* 802.2 frames 		*/
+#define ETH_P_SNAP	0x0005		/* Internal only		*/
+#define ETH_P_DDCMP     0x0006          /* DEC DDCMP: Internal only     */
+#define ETH_P_WAN_PPP   0x0007          /* Dummy type for WAN PPP frames*/
+#define ETH_P_PPP_MP    0x0008          /* Dummy type for PPP MP frames */
+#define ETH_P_LOCALTALK 0x0009		/* Localtalk pseudo type 	*/
+#define ETH_P_CAN	0x000C		/* CAN: Controller Area Network */
+#define ETH_P_CANFD	0x000D		/* CANFD: CAN flexible data rate*/
+#define ETH_P_CANXL	0x000E		/* CANXL: eXtended frame Length */
+#define ETH_P_PPPTALK	0x0010		/* Dummy type for Atalk over PPP*/
+#define ETH_P_TR_802_2	0x0011		/* 802.2 frames 		*/
+#define ETH_P_MOBITEX	0x0015		/* Mobitex (kaz@cafe.net)	*/
+#define ETH_P_CONTROL	0x0016		/* Card specific control frames */
+#define ETH_P_IRDA	0x0017		/* Linux-IrDA			*/
+#define ETH_P_ECONET	0x0018		/* Acorn Econet			*/
+#define ETH_P_HDLC	0x0019		/* HDLC frames			*/
+#define ETH_P_ARCNET	0x001A		/* 1A for ArcNet :-)            */
+#define ETH_P_DSA	0x001B		/* Distributed Switch Arch.	*/
+#define ETH_P_TRAILER	0x001C		/* Trailer switch tagging	*/
+#define ETH_P_PHONET	0x00F5		/* Nokia Phonet frames          */
+#define ETH_P_IEEE802154 0x00F6		/* IEEE802.15.4 frame		*/
+#define ETH_P_CAIF	0x00F7		/* ST-Ericsson CAIF protocol	*/
+#define ETH_P_XDSA	0x00F8		/* Multiplexed DSA protocol	*/
+#define ETH_P_MAP	0x00F9		/* Qualcomm multiplexing and
+					 * aggregation protocol
+					 */
+#define ETH_P_MCTP	0x00FA		/* Management component transport
+					 * protocol packets
+					 */
+
+/*
+ *	This is an Ethernet frame header.
+ */
+
+/* allow libcs like musl to deactivate this, glibc does not implement this. */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_ETHHDR
+#define __UAPI_DEF_ETHHDR		1
+#endif
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_ETHHDR
+struct ethhdr {
+	unsigned char	h_dest[ETH_ALEN];	/* destination eth addr	*/
+	unsigned char	h_source[ETH_ALEN];	/* source ether addr	*/
+	__be16		h_proto;		/* packet type ID field	*/
+} __attribute__((packed));
+#endif
+
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IF_ETHER_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_link.h b/src/basic/linux/if_link.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1021a7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_link.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1392 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IF_LINK_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IF_LINK_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+
+/* This struct should be in sync with struct rtnl_link_stats64 */
+struct rtnl_link_stats {
+	__u32	rx_packets;
+	__u32	tx_packets;
+	__u32	rx_bytes;
+	__u32	tx_bytes;
+	__u32	rx_errors;
+	__u32	tx_errors;
+	__u32	rx_dropped;
+	__u32	tx_dropped;
+	__u32	multicast;
+	__u32	collisions;
+	/* detailed rx_errors: */
+	__u32	rx_length_errors;
+	__u32	rx_over_errors;
+	__u32	rx_crc_errors;
+	__u32	rx_frame_errors;
+	__u32	rx_fifo_errors;
+	__u32	rx_missed_errors;
+
+	/* detailed tx_errors */
+	__u32	tx_aborted_errors;
+	__u32	tx_carrier_errors;
+	__u32	tx_fifo_errors;
+	__u32	tx_heartbeat_errors;
+	__u32	tx_window_errors;
+
+	/* for cslip etc */
+	__u32	rx_compressed;
+	__u32	tx_compressed;
+
+	__u32	rx_nohandler;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct rtnl_link_stats64 - The main device statistics structure.
+ *
+ * @rx_packets: Number of good packets received by the interface.
+ *   For hardware interfaces counts all good packets received from the device
+ *   by the host, including packets which host had to drop at various stages
+ *   of processing (even in the driver).
+ *
+ * @tx_packets: Number of packets successfully transmitted.
+ *   For hardware interfaces counts packets which host was able to successfully
+ *   hand over to the device, which does not necessarily mean that packets
+ *   had been successfully transmitted out of the device, only that device
+ *   acknowledged it copied them out of host memory.
+ *
+ * @rx_bytes: Number of good received bytes, corresponding to @rx_packets.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices should count the length of Ethernet Frames
+ *   excluding the FCS.
+ *
+ * @tx_bytes: Number of good transmitted bytes, corresponding to @tx_packets.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices should count the length of Ethernet Frames
+ *   excluding the FCS.
+ *
+ * @rx_errors: Total number of bad packets received on this network device.
+ *   This counter must include events counted by @rx_length_errors,
+ *   @rx_crc_errors, @rx_frame_errors and other errors not otherwise
+ *   counted.
+ *
+ * @tx_errors: Total number of transmit problems.
+ *   This counter must include events counter by @tx_aborted_errors,
+ *   @tx_carrier_errors, @tx_fifo_errors, @tx_heartbeat_errors,
+ *   @tx_window_errors and other errors not otherwise counted.
+ *
+ * @rx_dropped: Number of packets received but not processed,
+ *   e.g. due to lack of resources or unsupported protocol.
+ *   For hardware interfaces this counter may include packets discarded
+ *   due to L2 address filtering but should not include packets dropped
+ *   by the device due to buffer exhaustion which are counted separately in
+ *   @rx_missed_errors (since procfs folds those two counters together).
+ *
+ * @tx_dropped: Number of packets dropped on their way to transmission,
+ *   e.g. due to lack of resources.
+ *
+ * @multicast: Multicast packets received.
+ *   For hardware interfaces this statistic is commonly calculated
+ *   at the device level (unlike @rx_packets) and therefore may include
+ *   packets which did not reach the host.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter may be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.21 aMulticastFramesReceivedOK
+ *
+ * @collisions: Number of collisions during packet transmissions.
+ *
+ * @rx_length_errors: Number of packets dropped due to invalid length.
+ *   Part of aggregate "frame" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter should be equivalent to a sum
+ *   of the following attributes:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.23 aInRangeLengthErrors
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.24 aOutOfRangeLengthField
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.25 aFrameTooLongErrors
+ *
+ * @rx_over_errors: Receiver FIFO overflow event counter.
+ *
+ *   Historically the count of overflow events. Such events may be
+ *   reported in the receive descriptors or via interrupts, and may
+ *   not correspond one-to-one with dropped packets.
+ *
+ *   The recommended interpretation for high speed interfaces is -
+ *   number of packets dropped because they did not fit into buffers
+ *   provided by the host, e.g. packets larger than MTU or next buffer
+ *   in the ring was not available for a scatter transfer.
+ *
+ *   Part of aggregate "frame" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   This statistics was historically used interchangeably with
+ *   @rx_fifo_errors.
+ *
+ *   This statistic corresponds to hardware events and is not commonly used
+ *   on software devices.
+ *
+ * @rx_crc_errors: Number of packets received with a CRC error.
+ *   Part of aggregate "frame" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter must be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.6 aFrameCheckSequenceErrors
+ *
+ * @rx_frame_errors: Receiver frame alignment errors.
+ *   Part of aggregate "frame" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter should be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.7 aAlignmentErrors
+ *
+ * @rx_fifo_errors: Receiver FIFO error counter.
+ *
+ *   Historically the count of overflow events. Those events may be
+ *   reported in the receive descriptors or via interrupts, and may
+ *   not correspond one-to-one with dropped packets.
+ *
+ *   This statistics was used interchangeably with @rx_over_errors.
+ *   Not recommended for use in drivers for high speed interfaces.
+ *
+ *   This statistic is used on software devices, e.g. to count software
+ *   packet queue overflow (can) or sequencing errors (GRE).
+ *
+ * @rx_missed_errors: Count of packets missed by the host.
+ *   Folded into the "drop" counter in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   Counts number of packets dropped by the device due to lack
+ *   of buffer space. This usually indicates that the host interface
+ *   is slower than the network interface, or host is not keeping up
+ *   with the receive packet rate.
+ *
+ *   This statistic corresponds to hardware events and is not used
+ *   on software devices.
+ *
+ * @tx_aborted_errors:
+ *   Part of aggregate "carrier" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices capable of half-duplex operation this counter
+ *   must be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.11 aFramesAbortedDueToXSColls
+ *
+ *   High speed interfaces may use this counter as a general device
+ *   discard counter.
+ *
+ * @tx_carrier_errors: Number of frame transmission errors due to loss
+ *   of carrier during transmission.
+ *   Part of aggregate "carrier" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter must be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.13 aCarrierSenseErrors
+ *
+ * @tx_fifo_errors: Number of frame transmission errors due to device
+ *   FIFO underrun / underflow. This condition occurs when the device
+ *   begins transmission of a frame but is unable to deliver the
+ *   entire frame to the transmitter in time for transmission.
+ *   Part of aggregate "carrier" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ * @tx_heartbeat_errors: Number of Heartbeat / SQE Test errors for
+ *   old half-duplex Ethernet.
+ *   Part of aggregate "carrier" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices possibly equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.2.1.4 aSQETestErrors
+ *
+ * @tx_window_errors: Number of frame transmission errors due
+ *   to late collisions (for Ethernet - after the first 64B of transmission).
+ *   Part of aggregate "carrier" errors in `/proc/net/dev`.
+ *
+ *   For IEEE 802.3 devices this counter must be equivalent to:
+ *
+ *    - 30.3.1.1.10 aLateCollisions
+ *
+ * @rx_compressed: Number of correctly received compressed packets.
+ *   This counters is only meaningful for interfaces which support
+ *   packet compression (e.g. CSLIP, PPP).
+ *
+ * @tx_compressed: Number of transmitted compressed packets.
+ *   This counters is only meaningful for interfaces which support
+ *   packet compression (e.g. CSLIP, PPP).
+ *
+ * @rx_nohandler: Number of packets received on the interface
+ *   but dropped by the networking stack because the device is
+ *   not designated to receive packets (e.g. backup link in a bond).
+ *
+ * @rx_otherhost_dropped: Number of packets dropped due to mismatch
+ *   in destination MAC address.
+ */
+struct rtnl_link_stats64 {
+	__u64	rx_packets;
+	__u64	tx_packets;
+	__u64	rx_bytes;
+	__u64	tx_bytes;
+	__u64	rx_errors;
+	__u64	tx_errors;
+	__u64	rx_dropped;
+	__u64	tx_dropped;
+	__u64	multicast;
+	__u64	collisions;
+
+	/* detailed rx_errors: */
+	__u64	rx_length_errors;
+	__u64	rx_over_errors;
+	__u64	rx_crc_errors;
+	__u64	rx_frame_errors;
+	__u64	rx_fifo_errors;
+	__u64	rx_missed_errors;
+
+	/* detailed tx_errors */
+	__u64	tx_aborted_errors;
+	__u64	tx_carrier_errors;
+	__u64	tx_fifo_errors;
+	__u64	tx_heartbeat_errors;
+	__u64	tx_window_errors;
+
+	/* for cslip etc */
+	__u64	rx_compressed;
+	__u64	tx_compressed;
+	__u64	rx_nohandler;
+
+	__u64	rx_otherhost_dropped;
+};
+
+/* Subset of link stats useful for in-HW collection. Meaning of the fields is as
+ * for struct rtnl_link_stats64.
+ */
+struct rtnl_hw_stats64 {
+	__u64	rx_packets;
+	__u64	tx_packets;
+	__u64	rx_bytes;
+	__u64	tx_bytes;
+	__u64	rx_errors;
+	__u64	tx_errors;
+	__u64	rx_dropped;
+	__u64	tx_dropped;
+	__u64	multicast;
+};
+
+/* The struct should be in sync with struct ifmap */
+struct rtnl_link_ifmap {
+	__u64	mem_start;
+	__u64	mem_end;
+	__u64	base_addr;
+	__u16	irq;
+	__u8	dma;
+	__u8	port;
+};
+
+/*
+ * IFLA_AF_SPEC
+ *   Contains nested attributes for address family specific attributes.
+ *   Each address family may create a attribute with the address family
+ *   number as type and create its own attribute structure in it.
+ *
+ *   Example:
+ *   [IFLA_AF_SPEC] = {
+ *       [AF_INET] = {
+ *           [IFLA_INET_CONF] = ...,
+ *       },
+ *       [AF_INET6] = {
+ *           [IFLA_INET6_FLAGS] = ...,
+ *           [IFLA_INET6_CONF] = ...,
+ *       }
+ *   }
+ */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_ADDRESS,
+	IFLA_BROADCAST,
+	IFLA_IFNAME,
+	IFLA_MTU,
+	IFLA_LINK,
+	IFLA_QDISC,
+	IFLA_STATS,
+	IFLA_COST,
+#define IFLA_COST IFLA_COST
+	IFLA_PRIORITY,
+#define IFLA_PRIORITY IFLA_PRIORITY
+	IFLA_MASTER,
+#define IFLA_MASTER IFLA_MASTER
+	IFLA_WIRELESS,		/* Wireless Extension event - see wireless.h */
+#define IFLA_WIRELESS IFLA_WIRELESS
+	IFLA_PROTINFO,		/* Protocol specific information for a link */
+#define IFLA_PROTINFO IFLA_PROTINFO
+	IFLA_TXQLEN,
+#define IFLA_TXQLEN IFLA_TXQLEN
+	IFLA_MAP,
+#define IFLA_MAP IFLA_MAP
+	IFLA_WEIGHT,
+#define IFLA_WEIGHT IFLA_WEIGHT
+	IFLA_OPERSTATE,
+	IFLA_LINKMODE,
+	IFLA_LINKINFO,
+#define IFLA_LINKINFO IFLA_LINKINFO
+	IFLA_NET_NS_PID,
+	IFLA_IFALIAS,
+	IFLA_NUM_VF,		/* Number of VFs if device is SR-IOV PF */
+	IFLA_VFINFO_LIST,
+	IFLA_STATS64,
+	IFLA_VF_PORTS,
+	IFLA_PORT_SELF,
+	IFLA_AF_SPEC,
+	IFLA_GROUP,		/* Group the device belongs to */
+	IFLA_NET_NS_FD,
+	IFLA_EXT_MASK,		/* Extended info mask, VFs, etc */
+	IFLA_PROMISCUITY,	/* Promiscuity count: > 0 means acts PROMISC */
+#define IFLA_PROMISCUITY IFLA_PROMISCUITY
+	IFLA_NUM_TX_QUEUES,
+	IFLA_NUM_RX_QUEUES,
+	IFLA_CARRIER,
+	IFLA_PHYS_PORT_ID,
+	IFLA_CARRIER_CHANGES,
+	IFLA_PHYS_SWITCH_ID,
+	IFLA_LINK_NETNSID,
+	IFLA_PHYS_PORT_NAME,
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN,
+	IFLA_GSO_MAX_SEGS,
+	IFLA_GSO_MAX_SIZE,
+	IFLA_PAD,
+	IFLA_XDP,
+	IFLA_EVENT,
+	IFLA_NEW_NETNSID,
+	IFLA_IF_NETNSID,
+	IFLA_TARGET_NETNSID = IFLA_IF_NETNSID, /* new alias */
+	IFLA_CARRIER_UP_COUNT,
+	IFLA_CARRIER_DOWN_COUNT,
+	IFLA_NEW_IFINDEX,
+	IFLA_MIN_MTU,
+	IFLA_MAX_MTU,
+	IFLA_PROP_LIST,
+	IFLA_ALT_IFNAME, /* Alternative ifname */
+	IFLA_PERM_ADDRESS,
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON,
+
+	/* device (sysfs) name as parent, used instead
+	 * of IFLA_LINK where there's no parent netdev
+	 */
+	IFLA_PARENT_DEV_NAME,
+	IFLA_PARENT_DEV_BUS_NAME,
+	IFLA_GRO_MAX_SIZE,
+	IFLA_TSO_MAX_SIZE,
+	IFLA_TSO_MAX_SEGS,
+	IFLA_ALLMULTI,		/* Allmulti count: > 0 means acts ALLMULTI */
+
+	IFLA_DEVLINK_PORT,
+
+	__IFLA_MAX
+};
+
+
+#define IFLA_MAX (__IFLA_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_MASK,	/* u32, mask for reason bits */
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_VALUE,   /* u32, reason bit value */
+
+	__IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_CNT,
+	IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_MAX = __IFLA_PROTO_DOWN_REASON_CNT - 1
+};
+
+/* backwards compatibility for userspace */
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#define IFLA_RTA(r)  ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(r)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg))))
+#define IFLA_PAYLOAD(n) NLMSG_PAYLOAD(n,sizeof(struct ifinfomsg))
+#endif
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_INET_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_INET_CONF,
+	__IFLA_INET_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_INET_MAX (__IFLA_INET_MAX - 1)
+
+/* ifi_flags.
+
+   IFF_* flags.
+
+   The only change is:
+   IFF_LOOPBACK, IFF_BROADCAST and IFF_POINTOPOINT are
+   more not changeable by user. They describe link media
+   characteristics and set by device driver.
+
+   Comments:
+   - Combination IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_POINTOPOINT is invalid
+   - If neither of these three flags are set;
+     the interface is NBMA.
+
+   - IFF_MULTICAST does not mean anything special:
+   multicasts can be used on all not-NBMA links.
+   IFF_MULTICAST means that this media uses special encapsulation
+   for multicast frames. Apparently, all IFF_POINTOPOINT and
+   IFF_BROADCAST devices are able to use multicasts too.
+ */
+
+/* IFLA_LINK.
+   For usual devices it is equal ifi_index.
+   If it is a "virtual interface" (f.e. tunnel), ifi_link
+   can point to real physical interface (f.e. for bandwidth calculations),
+   or maybe 0, what means, that real media is unknown (usual
+   for IPIP tunnels, when route to endpoint is allowed to change)
+ */
+
+/* Subtype attributes for IFLA_PROTINFO */
+enum {
+	IFLA_INET6_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_INET6_FLAGS,	/* link flags			*/
+	IFLA_INET6_CONF,	/* sysctl parameters		*/
+	IFLA_INET6_STATS,	/* statistics			*/
+	IFLA_INET6_MCAST,	/* MC things. What of them?	*/
+	IFLA_INET6_CACHEINFO,	/* time values and max reasm size */
+	IFLA_INET6_ICMP6STATS,	/* statistics (icmpv6)		*/
+	IFLA_INET6_TOKEN,	/* device token			*/
+	IFLA_INET6_ADDR_GEN_MODE, /* implicit address generator mode */
+	IFLA_INET6_RA_MTU,	/* mtu carried in the RA message */
+	__IFLA_INET6_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_INET6_MAX	(__IFLA_INET6_MAX - 1)
+
+enum in6_addr_gen_mode {
+	IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_EUI64,
+	IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_NONE,
+	IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_STABLE_PRIVACY,
+	IN6_ADDR_GEN_MODE_RANDOM,
+};
+
+/* Bridge section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BR_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BR_FORWARD_DELAY,
+	IFLA_BR_HELLO_TIME,
+	IFLA_BR_MAX_AGE,
+	IFLA_BR_AGEING_TIME,
+	IFLA_BR_STP_STATE,
+	IFLA_BR_PRIORITY,
+	IFLA_BR_VLAN_FILTERING,
+	IFLA_BR_VLAN_PROTOCOL,
+	IFLA_BR_GROUP_FWD_MASK,
+	IFLA_BR_ROOT_ID,
+	IFLA_BR_BRIDGE_ID,
+	IFLA_BR_ROOT_PORT,
+	IFLA_BR_ROOT_PATH_COST,
+	IFLA_BR_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE,
+	IFLA_BR_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_DETECTED,
+	IFLA_BR_HELLO_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BR_TCN_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BR_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BR_GC_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BR_GROUP_ADDR,
+	IFLA_BR_FDB_FLUSH,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_ROUTER,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_SNOOPING,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERIER,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_HASH_ELASTICITY,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_HASH_MAX,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_LAST_MEMBER_CNT,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_STARTUP_QUERY_CNT,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_LAST_MEMBER_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_MEMBERSHIP_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERIER_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERY_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERY_RESPONSE_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_STARTUP_QUERY_INTVL,
+	IFLA_BR_NF_CALL_IPTABLES,
+	IFLA_BR_NF_CALL_IP6TABLES,
+	IFLA_BR_NF_CALL_ARPTABLES,
+	IFLA_BR_VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID,
+	IFLA_BR_PAD,
+	IFLA_BR_VLAN_STATS_ENABLED,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_STATS_ENABLED,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_IGMP_VERSION,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_MLD_VERSION,
+	IFLA_BR_VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT,
+	IFLA_BR_MULTI_BOOLOPT,
+	IFLA_BR_MCAST_QUERIER_STATE,
+	__IFLA_BR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BR_MAX	(__IFLA_BR_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_bridge_id {
+	__u8	prio[2];
+	__u8	addr[6]; /* ETH_ALEN */
+};
+
+enum {
+	BRIDGE_MODE_UNSPEC,
+	BRIDGE_MODE_HAIRPIN,
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BRPORT_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_STATE,	/* Spanning tree state     */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_PRIORITY,	/* "             priority  */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_COST,	/* "             cost      */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MODE,	/* mode (hairpin)          */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_GUARD,	/* bpdu guard              */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_PROTECT,	/* root port protection    */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_FAST_LEAVE,	/* multicast fast leave    */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_LEARNING,	/* mac learning */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_UNICAST_FLOOD, /* flood unicast traffic */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_PROXYARP,	/* proxy ARP */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_LEARNING_SYNC, /* mac learning sync from device */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_PROXYARP_WIFI, /* proxy ARP for Wi-Fi */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_ROOT_ID,	/* designated root */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_BRIDGE_ID,	/* designated bridge */
+	IFLA_BRPORT_DESIGNATED_PORT,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_DESIGNATED_COST,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_ID,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_NO,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_ACK,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_CONFIG_PENDING,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MESSAGE_AGE_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_FORWARD_DELAY_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_HOLD_TIMER,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_FLUSH,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MULTICAST_ROUTER,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_PAD,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MCAST_FLOOD,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MCAST_TO_UCAST,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_VLAN_TUNNEL,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_BCAST_FLOOD,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_GROUP_FWD_MASK,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_NEIGH_SUPPRESS,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_ISOLATED,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_BACKUP_PORT,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MRP_RING_OPEN,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MRP_IN_OPEN,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MCAST_EHT_HOSTS_LIMIT,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MCAST_EHT_HOSTS_CNT,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_LOCKED,
+	IFLA_BRPORT_MAB,
+	__IFLA_BRPORT_MAX
+};
+#define IFLA_BRPORT_MAX (__IFLA_BRPORT_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_cacheinfo {
+	__u32	max_reasm_len;
+	__u32	tstamp;		/* ipv6InterfaceTable updated timestamp */
+	__u32	reachable_time;
+	__u32	retrans_time;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_INFO_KIND,
+	IFLA_INFO_DATA,
+	IFLA_INFO_XSTATS,
+	IFLA_INFO_SLAVE_KIND,
+	IFLA_INFO_SLAVE_DATA,
+	__IFLA_INFO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_INFO_MAX	(__IFLA_INFO_MAX - 1)
+
+/* VLAN section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VLAN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VLAN_ID,
+	IFLA_VLAN_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_VLAN_EGRESS_QOS,
+	IFLA_VLAN_INGRESS_QOS,
+	IFLA_VLAN_PROTOCOL,
+	__IFLA_VLAN_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VLAN_MAX	(__IFLA_VLAN_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_vlan_flags {
+	__u32	flags;
+	__u32	mask;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VLAN_QOS_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VLAN_QOS_MAPPING,
+	__IFLA_VLAN_QOS_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VLAN_QOS_MAX	(__IFLA_VLAN_QOS_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_vlan_qos_mapping {
+	__u32 from;
+	__u32 to;
+};
+
+/* MACVLAN section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_MACADDR_MODE,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_MACADDR,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_MACADDR_DATA,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_MACADDR_COUNT,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_BC_QUEUE_LEN,
+	IFLA_MACVLAN_BC_QUEUE_LEN_USED,
+	__IFLA_MACVLAN_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_MACVLAN_MAX (__IFLA_MACVLAN_MAX - 1)
+
+enum macvlan_mode {
+	MACVLAN_MODE_PRIVATE = 1, /* don't talk to other macvlans */
+	MACVLAN_MODE_VEPA    = 2, /* talk to other ports through ext bridge */
+	MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE  = 4, /* talk to bridge ports directly */
+	MACVLAN_MODE_PASSTHRU = 8,/* take over the underlying device */
+	MACVLAN_MODE_SOURCE  = 16,/* use source MAC address list to assign */
+};
+
+enum macvlan_macaddr_mode {
+	MACVLAN_MACADDR_ADD,
+	MACVLAN_MACADDR_DEL,
+	MACVLAN_MACADDR_FLUSH,
+	MACVLAN_MACADDR_SET,
+};
+
+#define MACVLAN_FLAG_NOPROMISC	1
+#define MACVLAN_FLAG_NODST	2 /* skip dst macvlan if matching src macvlan */
+
+/* VRF section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_VRF_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VRF_TABLE,
+	__IFLA_VRF_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VRF_MAX (__IFLA_VRF_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VRF_PORT_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VRF_PORT_TABLE,
+	__IFLA_VRF_PORT_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VRF_PORT_MAX (__IFLA_VRF_PORT_MAX - 1)
+
+/* MACSEC section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_MACSEC_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_SCI,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_PORT,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_ICV_LEN,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_CIPHER_SUITE,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_WINDOW,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_ENCODING_SA,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_ENCRYPT,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_PROTECT,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_INC_SCI,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_ES,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_SCB,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_REPLAY_PROTECT,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_VALIDATION,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_PAD,
+	IFLA_MACSEC_OFFLOAD,
+	__IFLA_MACSEC_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_MACSEC_MAX (__IFLA_MACSEC_MAX - 1)
+
+/* XFRM section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_XFRM_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_XFRM_LINK,
+	IFLA_XFRM_IF_ID,
+	IFLA_XFRM_COLLECT_METADATA,
+	__IFLA_XFRM_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_XFRM_MAX (__IFLA_XFRM_MAX - 1)
+
+enum macsec_validation_type {
+	MACSEC_VALIDATE_DISABLED = 0,
+	MACSEC_VALIDATE_CHECK = 1,
+	MACSEC_VALIDATE_STRICT = 2,
+	__MACSEC_VALIDATE_END,
+	MACSEC_VALIDATE_MAX = __MACSEC_VALIDATE_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_offload {
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_OFF = 0,
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_PHY = 1,
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_MAC = 2,
+	__MACSEC_OFFLOAD_END,
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_MAX = __MACSEC_OFFLOAD_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* IPVLAN section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_IPVLAN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_IPVLAN_MODE,
+	IFLA_IPVLAN_FLAGS,
+	__IFLA_IPVLAN_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_IPVLAN_MAX (__IFLA_IPVLAN_MAX - 1)
+
+enum ipvlan_mode {
+	IPVLAN_MODE_L2 = 0,
+	IPVLAN_MODE_L3,
+	IPVLAN_MODE_L3S,
+	IPVLAN_MODE_MAX
+};
+
+#define IPVLAN_F_PRIVATE	0x01
+#define IPVLAN_F_VEPA		0x02
+
+/* Tunnel RTM header */
+struct tunnel_msg {
+	__u8 family;
+	__u8 flags;
+	__u16 reserved2;
+	__u32 ifindex;
+};
+
+/* VXLAN section */
+
+/* include statistics in the dump */
+#define TUNNEL_MSG_FLAG_STATS	0x01
+
+#define TUNNEL_MSG_VALID_USER_FLAGS TUNNEL_MSG_FLAG_STATS
+
+/* Embedded inside VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS */
+enum {
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_UNSPEC,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_RX_BYTES,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_RX_PKTS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_RX_DROPS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_RX_ERRORS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_TX_BYTES,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_TX_PKTS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_TX_DROPS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_TX_ERRORS,
+	VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_PAD,
+	__VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_MAX
+};
+#define VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_MAX (__VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_START,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_END,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_GROUP,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_GROUP6,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_STATS,
+	__VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_MAX
+};
+#define VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_MAX	(__VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_UNSPEC,
+	VXLAN_VNIFILTER_ENTRY,
+	__VXLAN_VNIFILTER_MAX
+};
+#define VXLAN_VNIFILTER_MAX	(__VXLAN_VNIFILTER_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VXLAN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_ID,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_GROUP,	/* group or remote address */
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LINK,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LOCAL,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_TTL,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_TOS,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LEARNING,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_AGEING,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LIMIT,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_PORT_RANGE,	/* source port */
+	IFLA_VXLAN_PROXY,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_RSC,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_L2MISS,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_L3MISS,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_PORT,	/* destination port */
+	IFLA_VXLAN_GROUP6,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LOCAL6,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_UDP_CSUM,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_TX,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_RX,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_REMCSUM_TX,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_REMCSUM_RX,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_GBP,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_REMCSUM_NOPARTIAL,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_COLLECT_METADATA,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_LABEL,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_GPE,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_TTL_INHERIT,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_DF,
+	IFLA_VXLAN_VNIFILTER, /* only applicable with COLLECT_METADATA mode */
+	__IFLA_VXLAN_MAX
+};
+#define IFLA_VXLAN_MAX	(__IFLA_VXLAN_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_vxlan_port_range {
+	__be16	low;
+	__be16	high;
+};
+
+enum ifla_vxlan_df {
+	VXLAN_DF_UNSET = 0,
+	VXLAN_DF_SET,
+	VXLAN_DF_INHERIT,
+	__VXLAN_DF_END,
+	VXLAN_DF_MAX = __VXLAN_DF_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* GENEVE section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_GENEVE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_ID,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_REMOTE,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_TTL,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_TOS,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_PORT,	/* destination port */
+	IFLA_GENEVE_COLLECT_METADATA,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_REMOTE6,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_UDP_CSUM,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_TX,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_RX,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_LABEL,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_TTL_INHERIT,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_DF,
+	IFLA_GENEVE_INNER_PROTO_INHERIT,
+	__IFLA_GENEVE_MAX
+};
+#define IFLA_GENEVE_MAX	(__IFLA_GENEVE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum ifla_geneve_df {
+	GENEVE_DF_UNSET = 0,
+	GENEVE_DF_SET,
+	GENEVE_DF_INHERIT,
+	__GENEVE_DF_END,
+	GENEVE_DF_MAX = __GENEVE_DF_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* Bareudp section  */
+enum {
+	IFLA_BAREUDP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BAREUDP_PORT,
+	IFLA_BAREUDP_ETHERTYPE,
+	IFLA_BAREUDP_SRCPORT_MIN,
+	IFLA_BAREUDP_MULTIPROTO_MODE,
+	__IFLA_BAREUDP_MAX
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BAREUDP_MAX (__IFLA_BAREUDP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* PPP section */
+enum {
+	IFLA_PPP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_PPP_DEV_FD,
+	__IFLA_PPP_MAX
+};
+#define IFLA_PPP_MAX (__IFLA_PPP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* GTP section */
+
+enum ifla_gtp_role {
+	GTP_ROLE_GGSN = 0,
+	GTP_ROLE_SGSN,
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_GTP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_GTP_FD0,
+	IFLA_GTP_FD1,
+	IFLA_GTP_PDP_HASHSIZE,
+	IFLA_GTP_ROLE,
+	IFLA_GTP_CREATE_SOCKETS,
+	IFLA_GTP_RESTART_COUNT,
+	__IFLA_GTP_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_GTP_MAX (__IFLA_GTP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Bonding section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BOND_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BOND_MODE,
+	IFLA_BOND_ACTIVE_SLAVE,
+	IFLA_BOND_MIIMON,
+	IFLA_BOND_UPDELAY,
+	IFLA_BOND_DOWNDELAY,
+	IFLA_BOND_USE_CARRIER,
+	IFLA_BOND_ARP_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BOND_ARP_IP_TARGET,
+	IFLA_BOND_ARP_VALIDATE,
+	IFLA_BOND_ARP_ALL_TARGETS,
+	IFLA_BOND_PRIMARY,
+	IFLA_BOND_PRIMARY_RESELECT,
+	IFLA_BOND_FAIL_OVER_MAC,
+	IFLA_BOND_XMIT_HASH_POLICY,
+	IFLA_BOND_RESEND_IGMP,
+	IFLA_BOND_NUM_PEER_NOTIF,
+	IFLA_BOND_ALL_SLAVES_ACTIVE,
+	IFLA_BOND_MIN_LINKS,
+	IFLA_BOND_LP_INTERVAL,
+	IFLA_BOND_PACKETS_PER_SLAVE,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_LACP_RATE,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_SELECT,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_ACTOR_SYS_PRIO,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_USER_PORT_KEY,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_ACTOR_SYSTEM,
+	IFLA_BOND_TLB_DYNAMIC_LB,
+	IFLA_BOND_PEER_NOTIF_DELAY,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_LACP_ACTIVE,
+	IFLA_BOND_MISSED_MAX,
+	IFLA_BOND_NS_IP6_TARGET,
+	__IFLA_BOND_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BOND_MAX	(__IFLA_BOND_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_AGGREGATOR,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_NUM_PORTS,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_ACTOR_KEY,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_PARTNER_KEY,
+	IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_PARTNER_MAC,
+	__IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_MAX	(__IFLA_BOND_AD_INFO_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_STATE,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_MII_STATUS,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_LINK_FAILURE_COUNT,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_PERM_HWADDR,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_QUEUE_ID,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_AD_AGGREGATOR_ID,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_AD_ACTOR_OPER_PORT_STATE,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_AD_PARTNER_OPER_PORT_STATE,
+	IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_PRIO,
+	__IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_MAX	(__IFLA_BOND_SLAVE_MAX - 1)
+
+/* SR-IOV virtual function management section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VF_INFO,
+	__IFLA_VF_INFO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VF_INFO_MAX (__IFLA_VF_INFO_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VF_MAC,		/* Hardware queue specific attributes */
+	IFLA_VF_VLAN,		/* VLAN ID and QoS */
+	IFLA_VF_TX_RATE,	/* Max TX Bandwidth Allocation */
+	IFLA_VF_SPOOFCHK,	/* Spoof Checking on/off switch */
+	IFLA_VF_LINK_STATE,	/* link state enable/disable/auto switch */
+	IFLA_VF_RATE,		/* Min and Max TX Bandwidth Allocation */
+	IFLA_VF_RSS_QUERY_EN,	/* RSS Redirection Table and Hash Key query
+				 * on/off switch
+				 */
+	IFLA_VF_STATS,		/* network device statistics */
+	IFLA_VF_TRUST,		/* Trust VF */
+	IFLA_VF_IB_NODE_GUID,	/* VF Infiniband node GUID */
+	IFLA_VF_IB_PORT_GUID,	/* VF Infiniband port GUID */
+	IFLA_VF_VLAN_LIST,	/* nested list of vlans, option for QinQ */
+	IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,	/* VF broadcast */
+	__IFLA_VF_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VF_MAX (__IFLA_VF_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_vf_mac {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u8 mac[32]; /* MAX_ADDR_LEN */
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
+	__u8 broadcast[32];
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_vlan {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 vlan; /* 0 - 4095, 0 disables VLAN filter */
+	__u32 qos;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_VLAN_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VF_VLAN_INFO,	/* VLAN ID, QoS and VLAN protocol */
+	__IFLA_VF_VLAN_INFO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VF_VLAN_INFO_MAX (__IFLA_VF_VLAN_INFO_MAX - 1)
+#define MAX_VLAN_LIST_LEN 1
+
+struct ifla_vf_vlan_info {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 vlan; /* 0 - 4095, 0 disables VLAN filter */
+	__u32 qos;
+	__be16 vlan_proto; /* VLAN protocol either 802.1Q or 802.1ad */
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_tx_rate {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 rate; /* Max TX bandwidth in Mbps, 0 disables throttling */
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_rate {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 min_tx_rate; /* Min Bandwidth in Mbps */
+	__u32 max_tx_rate; /* Max Bandwidth in Mbps */
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_spoofchk {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 setting;
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_guid {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u64 guid;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_LINK_STATE_AUTO,	/* link state of the uplink */
+	IFLA_VF_LINK_STATE_ENABLE,	/* link always up */
+	IFLA_VF_LINK_STATE_DISABLE,	/* link always down */
+	__IFLA_VF_LINK_STATE_MAX,
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_link_state {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 link_state;
+};
+
+struct ifla_vf_rss_query_en {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 setting;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_RX_PACKETS,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_TX_PACKETS,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_RX_BYTES,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_TX_BYTES,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_BROADCAST,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_MULTICAST,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_PAD,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_RX_DROPPED,
+	IFLA_VF_STATS_TX_DROPPED,
+	__IFLA_VF_STATS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VF_STATS_MAX (__IFLA_VF_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_vf_trust {
+	__u32 vf;
+	__u32 setting;
+};
+
+/* VF ports management section
+ *
+ *	Nested layout of set/get msg is:
+ *
+ *		[IFLA_NUM_VF]
+ *		[IFLA_VF_PORTS]
+ *			[IFLA_VF_PORT]
+ *				[IFLA_PORT_*], ...
+ *			[IFLA_VF_PORT]
+ *				[IFLA_PORT_*], ...
+ *			...
+ *		[IFLA_PORT_SELF]
+ *			[IFLA_PORT_*], ...
+ */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VF_PORT_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VF_PORT,			/* nest */
+	__IFLA_VF_PORT_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VF_PORT_MAX (__IFLA_VF_PORT_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_PORT_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_PORT_VF,			/* __u32 */
+	IFLA_PORT_PROFILE,		/* string */
+	IFLA_PORT_VSI_TYPE,		/* 802.1Qbg (pre-)standard VDP */
+	IFLA_PORT_INSTANCE_UUID,	/* binary UUID */
+	IFLA_PORT_HOST_UUID,		/* binary UUID */
+	IFLA_PORT_REQUEST,		/* __u8 */
+	IFLA_PORT_RESPONSE,		/* __u16, output only */
+	__IFLA_PORT_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_PORT_MAX (__IFLA_PORT_MAX - 1)
+
+#define PORT_PROFILE_MAX	40
+#define PORT_UUID_MAX		16
+#define PORT_SELF_VF		-1
+
+enum {
+	PORT_REQUEST_PREASSOCIATE = 0,
+	PORT_REQUEST_PREASSOCIATE_RR,
+	PORT_REQUEST_ASSOCIATE,
+	PORT_REQUEST_DISASSOCIATE,
+};
+
+enum {
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_SUCCESS = 0,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_INVALID_FORMAT,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_UNUSED_VTID,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_VTID_VIOLATION,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_VTID_VERSION_VIOALTION,
+	PORT_VDP_RESPONSE_OUT_OF_SYNC,
+	/* 0x08-0xFF reserved for future VDP use */
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_SUCCESS = 0x100,
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_INPROGRESS,
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_INVALID,
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_BADSTATE,
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES,
+	PORT_PROFILE_RESPONSE_ERROR,
+};
+
+struct ifla_port_vsi {
+	__u8 vsi_mgr_id;
+	__u8 vsi_type_id[3];
+	__u8 vsi_type_version;
+	__u8 pad[3];
+};
+
+
+/* IPoIB section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_IPOIB_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_IPOIB_PKEY,
+	IFLA_IPOIB_MODE,
+	IFLA_IPOIB_UMCAST,
+	__IFLA_IPOIB_MAX
+};
+
+enum {
+	IPOIB_MODE_DATAGRAM  = 0, /* using unreliable datagram QPs */
+	IPOIB_MODE_CONNECTED = 1, /* using connected QPs */
+};
+
+#define IFLA_IPOIB_MAX (__IFLA_IPOIB_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* HSR/PRP section, both uses same interface */
+
+/* Different redundancy protocols for hsr device */
+enum {
+	HSR_PROTOCOL_HSR,
+	HSR_PROTOCOL_PRP,
+	HSR_PROTOCOL_MAX,
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_HSR_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_HSR_SLAVE1,
+	IFLA_HSR_SLAVE2,
+	IFLA_HSR_MULTICAST_SPEC,	/* Last byte of supervision addr */
+	IFLA_HSR_SUPERVISION_ADDR,	/* Supervision frame multicast addr */
+	IFLA_HSR_SEQ_NR,
+	IFLA_HSR_VERSION,		/* HSR version */
+	IFLA_HSR_PROTOCOL,		/* Indicate different protocol than
+					 * HSR. For example PRP.
+					 */
+	__IFLA_HSR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_HSR_MAX (__IFLA_HSR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* STATS section */
+
+struct if_stats_msg {
+	__u8  family;
+	__u8  pad1;
+	__u16 pad2;
+	__u32 ifindex;
+	__u32 filter_mask;
+};
+
+/* A stats attribute can be netdev specific or a global stat.
+ * For netdev stats, lets use the prefix IFLA_STATS_LINK_*
+ */
+enum {
+	IFLA_STATS_UNSPEC, /* also used as 64bit pad attribute */
+	IFLA_STATS_LINK_64,
+	IFLA_STATS_LINK_XSTATS,
+	IFLA_STATS_LINK_XSTATS_SLAVE,
+	IFLA_STATS_LINK_OFFLOAD_XSTATS,
+	IFLA_STATS_AF_SPEC,
+	__IFLA_STATS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_STATS_MAX (__IFLA_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+#define IFLA_STATS_FILTER_BIT(ATTR)	(1 << (ATTR - 1))
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_STATS_GETSET_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_STATS_GET_FILTERS, /* Nest of IFLA_STATS_LINK_xxx, each a u32 with
+				 * a filter mask for the corresponding group.
+				 */
+	IFLA_STATS_SET_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_L3_STATS, /* 0 or 1 as u8 */
+	__IFLA_STATS_GETSET_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_STATS_GETSET_MAX (__IFLA_STATS_GETSET_MAX - 1)
+
+/* These are embedded into IFLA_STATS_LINK_XSTATS:
+ * [IFLA_STATS_LINK_XSTATS]
+ * -> [LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_xxx]
+ *    -> [rtnl link type specific attributes]
+ */
+enum {
+	LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_UNSPEC,
+	LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_BRIDGE,
+	LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_BOND,
+	__LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_MAX
+};
+#define LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_MAX (__LINK_XSTATS_TYPE_MAX - 1)
+
+/* These are stats embedded into IFLA_STATS_LINK_OFFLOAD_XSTATS */
+enum {
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_CPU_HIT, /* struct rtnl_link_stats64 */
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO,	/* HW stats info. A nest */
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_L3_STATS,	/* struct rtnl_hw_stats64 */
+	__IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_MAX
+};
+#define IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_MAX (__IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_REQUEST,		/* u8 */
+	IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_USED,		/* u8 */
+	__IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_MAX \
+	(__IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_HW_S_INFO_MAX - 1)
+
+/* XDP section */
+
+#define XDP_FLAGS_UPDATE_IF_NOEXIST	(1U << 0)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE		(1U << 1)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_DRV_MODE		(1U << 2)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_HW_MODE		(1U << 3)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_REPLACE		(1U << 4)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_MODES			(XDP_FLAGS_SKB_MODE | \
+					 XDP_FLAGS_DRV_MODE | \
+					 XDP_FLAGS_HW_MODE)
+#define XDP_FLAGS_MASK			(XDP_FLAGS_UPDATE_IF_NOEXIST | \
+					 XDP_FLAGS_MODES | XDP_FLAGS_REPLACE)
+
+/* These are stored into IFLA_XDP_ATTACHED on dump. */
+enum {
+	XDP_ATTACHED_NONE = 0,
+	XDP_ATTACHED_DRV,
+	XDP_ATTACHED_SKB,
+	XDP_ATTACHED_HW,
+	XDP_ATTACHED_MULTI,
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_XDP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_XDP_FD,
+	IFLA_XDP_ATTACHED,
+	IFLA_XDP_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_XDP_PROG_ID,
+	IFLA_XDP_DRV_PROG_ID,
+	IFLA_XDP_SKB_PROG_ID,
+	IFLA_XDP_HW_PROG_ID,
+	IFLA_XDP_EXPECTED_FD,
+	__IFLA_XDP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_XDP_MAX (__IFLA_XDP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_EVENT_NONE,
+	IFLA_EVENT_REBOOT,		/* internal reset / reboot */
+	IFLA_EVENT_FEATURES,		/* change in offload features */
+	IFLA_EVENT_BONDING_FAILOVER,	/* change in active slave */
+	IFLA_EVENT_NOTIFY_PEERS,	/* re-sent grat. arp/ndisc */
+	IFLA_EVENT_IGMP_RESEND,		/* re-sent IGMP JOIN */
+	IFLA_EVENT_BONDING_OPTIONS,	/* change in bonding options */
+};
+
+/* tun section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_TUN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_TUN_OWNER,
+	IFLA_TUN_GROUP,
+	IFLA_TUN_TYPE,
+	IFLA_TUN_PI,
+	IFLA_TUN_VNET_HDR,
+	IFLA_TUN_PERSIST,
+	IFLA_TUN_MULTI_QUEUE,
+	IFLA_TUN_NUM_QUEUES,
+	IFLA_TUN_NUM_DISABLED_QUEUES,
+	__IFLA_TUN_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_TUN_MAX (__IFLA_TUN_MAX - 1)
+
+/* rmnet section */
+
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_INGRESS_DEAGGREGATION         (1U << 0)
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_INGRESS_MAP_COMMANDS          (1U << 1)
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_INGRESS_MAP_CKSUMV4           (1U << 2)
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_EGRESS_MAP_CKSUMV4            (1U << 3)
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_INGRESS_MAP_CKSUMV5           (1U << 4)
+#define RMNET_FLAGS_EGRESS_MAP_CKSUMV5            (1U << 5)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_RMNET_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_RMNET_MUX_ID,
+	IFLA_RMNET_FLAGS,
+	__IFLA_RMNET_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_RMNET_MAX	(__IFLA_RMNET_MAX - 1)
+
+struct ifla_rmnet_flags {
+	__u32	flags;
+	__u32	mask;
+};
+
+/* MCTP section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_MCTP_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_MCTP_NET,
+	__IFLA_MCTP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_MCTP_MAX (__IFLA_MCTP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* DSA section */
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_DSA_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_DSA_MASTER,
+	__IFLA_DSA_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_DSA_MAX	(__IFLA_DSA_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IF_LINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_macsec.h b/src/basic/linux/if_macsec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5b6d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_macsec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * include/uapi/linux/if_macsec.h - MACsec device
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2015 Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_MACSEC_H
+#define _UAPI_MACSEC_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#define MACSEC_GENL_NAME "macsec"
+#define MACSEC_GENL_VERSION 1
+
+#define MACSEC_MAX_KEY_LEN 128
+
+#define MACSEC_KEYID_LEN 16
+
+#define MACSEC_SALT_LEN 12
+
+/* cipher IDs as per IEEE802.1AE-2018 (Table 14-1) */
+#define MACSEC_CIPHER_ID_GCM_AES_128 0x0080C20001000001ULL
+#define MACSEC_CIPHER_ID_GCM_AES_256 0x0080C20001000002ULL
+#define MACSEC_CIPHER_ID_GCM_AES_XPN_128 0x0080C20001000003ULL
+#define MACSEC_CIPHER_ID_GCM_AES_XPN_256 0x0080C20001000004ULL
+
+/* deprecated cipher ID for GCM-AES-128 */
+#define MACSEC_DEFAULT_CIPHER_ID     0x0080020001000001ULL
+#define MACSEC_DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALT    MACSEC_CIPHER_ID_GCM_AES_128
+
+#define MACSEC_MIN_ICV_LEN 8
+#define MACSEC_MAX_ICV_LEN 32
+/* upper limit for ICV length as recommended by IEEE802.1AE-2006 */
+#define MACSEC_STD_ICV_LEN 16
+
+enum macsec_attrs {
+	MACSEC_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_ATTR_IFINDEX,     /* u32, ifindex of the MACsec netdevice */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_RXSC_CONFIG, /* config, nested macsec_rxsc_attrs */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_SA_CONFIG,   /* config, nested macsec_sa_attrs */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_SECY,        /* dump, nested macsec_secy_attrs */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_TXSA_LIST,   /* dump, nested, macsec_sa_attrs for each TXSA */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_RXSC_LIST,   /* dump, nested, macsec_rxsc_attrs for each RXSC */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_TXSC_STATS,  /* dump, nested, macsec_txsc_stats_attr */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_SECY_STATS,  /* dump, nested, macsec_secy_stats_attr */
+	MACSEC_ATTR_OFFLOAD,     /* config, nested, macsec_offload_attrs */
+	__MACSEC_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_ATTR = __MACSEC_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_secy_attrs {
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_SCI,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_ENCODING_SA,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_WINDOW,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITE,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_ICV_LEN,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_PROTECT,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_REPLAY,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_OPER,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_VALIDATE,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_ENCRYPT,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_INC_SCI,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_ES,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_SCB,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_SECY_ATTR = __MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_SECY_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_rxsc_attrs {
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_SCI,     /* config/dump, u64 */
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_ACTIVE,  /* config/dump, u8 0..1 */
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_SA_LIST, /* dump, nested */
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_STATS,   /* dump, nested, macsec_rxsc_stats_attr */
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR = __MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_RXSC_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_sa_attrs {
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_AN,     /* config/dump, u8 0..3 */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_ACTIVE, /* config/dump, u8 0..1 */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_PN,     /* config/dump, u32/u64 (u64 if XPN) */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_KEY,    /* config, data */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_KEYID,  /* config/dump, 128-bit */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_STATS,  /* dump, nested, macsec_sa_stats_attr */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_PAD,
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_SSCI,   /* config/dump, u32 - XPN only */
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_SALT,   /* config, 96-bit - XPN only */
+	__MACSEC_SA_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_SA_ATTR = __MACSEC_SA_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_SA_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_SA_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_offload_attrs {
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_TYPE, /* config/dump, u8 0..2 */
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR = __MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_OFFLOAD_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+enum macsec_nl_commands {
+	MACSEC_CMD_GET_TXSC,
+	MACSEC_CMD_ADD_RXSC,
+	MACSEC_CMD_DEL_RXSC,
+	MACSEC_CMD_UPD_RXSC,
+	MACSEC_CMD_ADD_TXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_DEL_TXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_UPD_TXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_ADD_RXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_DEL_RXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_UPD_RXSA,
+	MACSEC_CMD_UPD_OFFLOAD,
+};
+
+/* u64 per-RXSC stats */
+enum macsec_rxsc_stats_attr {
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_OCTETS_VALIDATED,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_OCTETS_DECRYPTED,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_UNCHECKED,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_DELAYED,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_OK,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_INVALID,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_LATE,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NOT_VALID,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NOT_USING_SA,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_UNUSED_SA,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR = __MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_RXSC_STATS_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* u32 per-{RX,TX}SA stats */
+enum macsec_sa_stats_attr {
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_OK,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_INVALID,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NOT_VALID,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NOT_USING_SA,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_UNUSED_SA,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_PROTECTED,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_ENCRYPTED,
+	__MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR = __MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_SA_STATS_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* u64 per-TXSC stats */
+enum macsec_txsc_stats_attr {
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_PROTECTED,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_ENCRYPTED,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_OUT_OCTETS_PROTECTED,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_OUT_OCTETS_ENCRYPTED,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR = __MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_TXSC_STATS_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+/* u64 per-SecY stats */
+enum macsec_secy_stats_attr {
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_UNTAGGED,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_UNTAGGED,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_OUT_PKTS_TOO_LONG,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NO_TAG,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_BAD_TAG,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_UNKNOWN_SCI,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_NO_SCI,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_IN_PKTS_OVERRUN,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_PAD,
+	__MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	NUM_MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR = __MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_END,
+	MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_MAX = __MACSEC_SECY_STATS_ATTR_END - 1,
+};
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_MACSEC_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_tun.h b/src/basic/linux/if_tun.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..287cdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_tun.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ *  Universal TUN/TAP device driver.
+ *  Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI__IF_TUN_H
+#define _UAPI__IF_TUN_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
+
+/* Read queue size */
+#define TUN_READQ_SIZE	500
+/* TUN device type flags: deprecated. Use IFF_TUN/IFF_TAP instead. */
+#define TUN_TUN_DEV 	IFF_TUN
+#define TUN_TAP_DEV	IFF_TAP
+#define TUN_TYPE_MASK   0x000f
+
+/* Ioctl defines */
+#define TUNSETNOCSUM  _IOW('T', 200, int) 
+#define TUNSETDEBUG   _IOW('T', 201, int) 
+#define TUNSETIFF     _IOW('T', 202, int) 
+#define TUNSETPERSIST _IOW('T', 203, int) 
+#define TUNSETOWNER   _IOW('T', 204, int)
+#define TUNSETLINK    _IOW('T', 205, int)
+#define TUNSETGROUP   _IOW('T', 206, int)
+#define TUNGETFEATURES _IOR('T', 207, unsigned int)
+#define TUNSETOFFLOAD  _IOW('T', 208, unsigned int)
+#define TUNSETTXFILTER _IOW('T', 209, unsigned int)
+#define TUNGETIFF      _IOR('T', 210, unsigned int)
+#define TUNGETSNDBUF   _IOR('T', 211, int)
+#define TUNSETSNDBUF   _IOW('T', 212, int)
+#define TUNATTACHFILTER _IOW('T', 213, struct sock_fprog)
+#define TUNDETACHFILTER _IOW('T', 214, struct sock_fprog)
+#define TUNGETVNETHDRSZ _IOR('T', 215, int)
+#define TUNSETVNETHDRSZ _IOW('T', 216, int)
+#define TUNSETQUEUE  _IOW('T', 217, int)
+#define TUNSETIFINDEX	_IOW('T', 218, unsigned int)
+#define TUNGETFILTER _IOR('T', 219, struct sock_fprog)
+#define TUNSETVNETLE _IOW('T', 220, int)
+#define TUNGETVNETLE _IOR('T', 221, int)
+/* The TUNSETVNETBE and TUNGETVNETBE ioctls are for cross-endian support on
+ * little-endian hosts. Not all kernel configurations support them, but all
+ * configurations that support SET also support GET.
+ */
+#define TUNSETVNETBE _IOW('T', 222, int)
+#define TUNGETVNETBE _IOR('T', 223, int)
+#define TUNSETSTEERINGEBPF _IOR('T', 224, int)
+#define TUNSETFILTEREBPF _IOR('T', 225, int)
+#define TUNSETCARRIER _IOW('T', 226, int)
+#define TUNGETDEVNETNS _IO('T', 227)
+
+/* TUNSETIFF ifr flags */
+#define IFF_TUN		0x0001
+#define IFF_TAP		0x0002
+#define IFF_NAPI	0x0010
+#define IFF_NAPI_FRAGS	0x0020
+/* Used in TUNSETIFF to bring up tun/tap without carrier */
+#define IFF_NO_CARRIER	0x0040
+#define IFF_NO_PI	0x1000
+/* This flag has no real effect */
+#define IFF_ONE_QUEUE	0x2000
+#define IFF_VNET_HDR	0x4000
+#define IFF_TUN_EXCL	0x8000
+#define IFF_MULTI_QUEUE 0x0100
+#define IFF_ATTACH_QUEUE 0x0200
+#define IFF_DETACH_QUEUE 0x0400
+/* read-only flag */
+#define IFF_PERSIST	0x0800
+#define IFF_NOFILTER	0x1000
+
+/* Socket options */
+#define TUN_TX_TIMESTAMP 1
+
+/* Features for GSO (TUNSETOFFLOAD). */
+#define TUN_F_CSUM	0x01	/* You can hand me unchecksummed packets. */
+#define TUN_F_TSO4	0x02	/* I can handle TSO for IPv4 packets */
+#define TUN_F_TSO6	0x04	/* I can handle TSO for IPv6 packets */
+#define TUN_F_TSO_ECN	0x08	/* I can handle TSO with ECN bits. */
+#define TUN_F_UFO	0x10	/* I can handle UFO packets */
+#define TUN_F_USO4	0x20	/* I can handle USO for IPv4 packets */
+#define TUN_F_USO6	0x40	/* I can handle USO for IPv6 packets */
+
+/* Protocol info prepended to the packets (when IFF_NO_PI is not set) */
+#define TUN_PKT_STRIP	0x0001
+struct tun_pi {
+	__u16  flags;
+	__be16 proto;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Filter spec (used for SETXXFILTER ioctls)
+ * This stuff is applicable only to the TAP (Ethernet) devices.
+ * If the count is zero the filter is disabled and the driver accepts
+ * all packets (promisc mode).
+ * If the filter is enabled in order to accept broadcast packets
+ * broadcast addr must be explicitly included in the addr list.
+ */
+#define TUN_FLT_ALLMULTI 0x0001 /* Accept all multicast packets */
+struct tun_filter {
+	__u16  flags; /* TUN_FLT_ flags see above */
+	__u16  count; /* Number of addresses */
+	__u8   addr[][ETH_ALEN];
+};
+
+#endif /* _UAPI__IF_TUN_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/if_tunnel.h b/src/basic/linux/if_tunnel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1021196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/if_tunnel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_IF_TUNNEL_H_
+#define _UAPI_IF_TUNNEL_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+#include <asm/byteorder.h>
+
+
+#define SIOCGETTUNNEL   (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 0)
+#define SIOCADDTUNNEL   (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 1)
+#define SIOCDELTUNNEL   (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 2)
+#define SIOCCHGTUNNEL   (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 3)
+#define SIOCGETPRL      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 4)
+#define SIOCADDPRL      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 5)
+#define SIOCDELPRL      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 6)
+#define SIOCCHGPRL      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 7)
+#define SIOCGET6RD      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 8)
+#define SIOCADD6RD      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 9)
+#define SIOCDEL6RD      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 10)
+#define SIOCCHG6RD      (SIOCDEVPRIVATE + 11)
+
+#define GRE_CSUM	__cpu_to_be16(0x8000)
+#define GRE_ROUTING	__cpu_to_be16(0x4000)
+#define GRE_KEY		__cpu_to_be16(0x2000)
+#define GRE_SEQ		__cpu_to_be16(0x1000)
+#define GRE_STRICT	__cpu_to_be16(0x0800)
+#define GRE_REC		__cpu_to_be16(0x0700)
+#define GRE_ACK		__cpu_to_be16(0x0080)
+#define GRE_FLAGS	__cpu_to_be16(0x0078)
+#define GRE_VERSION	__cpu_to_be16(0x0007)
+
+#define GRE_IS_CSUM(f)		((f) & GRE_CSUM)
+#define GRE_IS_ROUTING(f)	((f) & GRE_ROUTING)
+#define GRE_IS_KEY(f)		((f) & GRE_KEY)
+#define GRE_IS_SEQ(f)		((f) & GRE_SEQ)
+#define GRE_IS_STRICT(f)	((f) & GRE_STRICT)
+#define GRE_IS_REC(f)		((f) & GRE_REC)
+#define GRE_IS_ACK(f)		((f) & GRE_ACK)
+
+#define GRE_VERSION_0		__cpu_to_be16(0x0000)
+#define GRE_VERSION_1		__cpu_to_be16(0x0001)
+#define GRE_PROTO_PPP		__cpu_to_be16(0x880b)
+#define GRE_PPTP_KEY_MASK	__cpu_to_be32(0xffff)
+
+struct ip_tunnel_parm {
+	char			name[IFNAMSIZ];
+	int			link;
+	__be16			i_flags;
+	__be16			o_flags;
+	__be32			i_key;
+	__be32			o_key;
+	struct iphdr		iph;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_IPTUN_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_LINK,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_LOCAL,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_REMOTE,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_TTL,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_TOS,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_ENCAP_LIMIT,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_FLOWINFO,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_PROTO,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_PMTUDISC,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_6RD_PREFIX,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_6RD_RELAY_PREFIX,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_6RD_PREFIXLEN,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_6RD_RELAY_PREFIXLEN,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_ENCAP_TYPE,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_ENCAP_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_ENCAP_SPORT,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_ENCAP_DPORT,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_COLLECT_METADATA,
+	IFLA_IPTUN_FWMARK,
+	__IFLA_IPTUN_MAX,
+};
+#define IFLA_IPTUN_MAX	(__IFLA_IPTUN_MAX - 1)
+
+enum tunnel_encap_types {
+	TUNNEL_ENCAP_NONE,
+	TUNNEL_ENCAP_FOU,
+	TUNNEL_ENCAP_GUE,
+	TUNNEL_ENCAP_MPLS,
+};
+
+#define TUNNEL_ENCAP_FLAG_CSUM		(1<<0)
+#define TUNNEL_ENCAP_FLAG_CSUM6		(1<<1)
+#define TUNNEL_ENCAP_FLAG_REMCSUM	(1<<2)
+
+/* SIT-mode i_flags */
+#define	SIT_ISATAP	0x0001
+
+struct ip_tunnel_prl {
+	__be32			addr;
+	__u16			flags;
+	__u16			__reserved;
+	__u32			datalen;
+	__u32			__reserved2;
+	/* data follows */
+};
+
+/* PRL flags */
+#define	PRL_DEFAULT		0x0001
+
+struct ip_tunnel_6rd {
+	struct in6_addr		prefix;
+	__be32			relay_prefix;
+	__u16			prefixlen;
+	__u16			relay_prefixlen;
+};
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_GRE_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_GRE_LINK,
+	IFLA_GRE_IFLAGS,
+	IFLA_GRE_OFLAGS,
+	IFLA_GRE_IKEY,
+	IFLA_GRE_OKEY,
+	IFLA_GRE_LOCAL,
+	IFLA_GRE_REMOTE,
+	IFLA_GRE_TTL,
+	IFLA_GRE_TOS,
+	IFLA_GRE_PMTUDISC,
+	IFLA_GRE_ENCAP_LIMIT,
+	IFLA_GRE_FLOWINFO,
+	IFLA_GRE_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_GRE_ENCAP_TYPE,
+	IFLA_GRE_ENCAP_FLAGS,
+	IFLA_GRE_ENCAP_SPORT,
+	IFLA_GRE_ENCAP_DPORT,
+	IFLA_GRE_COLLECT_METADATA,
+	IFLA_GRE_IGNORE_DF,
+	IFLA_GRE_FWMARK,
+	IFLA_GRE_ERSPAN_INDEX,
+	IFLA_GRE_ERSPAN_VER,
+	IFLA_GRE_ERSPAN_DIR,
+	IFLA_GRE_ERSPAN_HWID,
+	__IFLA_GRE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_GRE_MAX	(__IFLA_GRE_MAX - 1)
+
+/* VTI-mode i_flags */
+#define VTI_ISVTI ((__force __be16)0x0001)
+
+enum {
+	IFLA_VTI_UNSPEC,
+	IFLA_VTI_LINK,
+	IFLA_VTI_IKEY,
+	IFLA_VTI_OKEY,
+	IFLA_VTI_LOCAL,
+	IFLA_VTI_REMOTE,
+	IFLA_VTI_FWMARK,
+	__IFLA_VTI_MAX,
+};
+
+#define IFLA_VTI_MAX	(__IFLA_VTI_MAX - 1)
+
+#define TUNNEL_CSUM		__cpu_to_be16(0x01)
+#define TUNNEL_ROUTING		__cpu_to_be16(0x02)
+#define TUNNEL_KEY		__cpu_to_be16(0x04)
+#define TUNNEL_SEQ		__cpu_to_be16(0x08)
+#define TUNNEL_STRICT		__cpu_to_be16(0x10)
+#define TUNNEL_REC		__cpu_to_be16(0x20)
+#define TUNNEL_VERSION		__cpu_to_be16(0x40)
+#define TUNNEL_NO_KEY		__cpu_to_be16(0x80)
+#define TUNNEL_DONT_FRAGMENT    __cpu_to_be16(0x0100)
+#define TUNNEL_OAM		__cpu_to_be16(0x0200)
+#define TUNNEL_CRIT_OPT		__cpu_to_be16(0x0400)
+#define TUNNEL_GENEVE_OPT	__cpu_to_be16(0x0800)
+#define TUNNEL_VXLAN_OPT	__cpu_to_be16(0x1000)
+#define TUNNEL_NOCACHE		__cpu_to_be16(0x2000)
+#define TUNNEL_ERSPAN_OPT	__cpu_to_be16(0x4000)
+#define TUNNEL_GTP_OPT		__cpu_to_be16(0x8000)
+
+#define TUNNEL_OPTIONS_PRESENT \
+		(TUNNEL_GENEVE_OPT | TUNNEL_VXLAN_OPT | TUNNEL_ERSPAN_OPT | \
+		TUNNEL_GTP_OPT)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_IF_TUNNEL_H_ */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/in.h b/src/basic/linux/in.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07a4cb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/in.h
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
+ *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
+ *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
+ *
+ *		Definitions of the Internet Protocol.
+ *
+ * Version:	@(#)in.h	1.0.1	04/21/93
+ *
+ * Authors:	Original taken from the GNU Project <netinet/in.h> file.
+ *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
+ *
+ *		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *		modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *		as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *		2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IN_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IN_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+#include <linux/libc-compat.h>
+#include <linux/socket.h>
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN_IPPROTO
+/* Standard well-defined IP protocols.  */
+enum {
+  IPPROTO_IP = 0,		/* Dummy protocol for TCP		*/
+#define IPPROTO_IP		IPPROTO_IP
+  IPPROTO_ICMP = 1,		/* Internet Control Message Protocol	*/
+#define IPPROTO_ICMP		IPPROTO_ICMP
+  IPPROTO_IGMP = 2,		/* Internet Group Management Protocol	*/
+#define IPPROTO_IGMP		IPPROTO_IGMP
+  IPPROTO_IPIP = 4,		/* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94) */
+#define IPPROTO_IPIP		IPPROTO_IPIP
+  IPPROTO_TCP = 6,		/* Transmission Control Protocol	*/
+#define IPPROTO_TCP		IPPROTO_TCP
+  IPPROTO_EGP = 8,		/* Exterior Gateway Protocol		*/
+#define IPPROTO_EGP		IPPROTO_EGP
+  IPPROTO_PUP = 12,		/* PUP protocol				*/
+#define IPPROTO_PUP		IPPROTO_PUP
+  IPPROTO_UDP = 17,		/* User Datagram Protocol		*/
+#define IPPROTO_UDP		IPPROTO_UDP
+  IPPROTO_IDP = 22,		/* XNS IDP protocol			*/
+#define IPPROTO_IDP		IPPROTO_IDP
+  IPPROTO_TP = 29,		/* SO Transport Protocol Class 4	*/
+#define IPPROTO_TP		IPPROTO_TP
+  IPPROTO_DCCP = 33,		/* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol */
+#define IPPROTO_DCCP		IPPROTO_DCCP
+  IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41,		/* IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnelling		*/
+#define IPPROTO_IPV6		IPPROTO_IPV6
+  IPPROTO_RSVP = 46,		/* RSVP Protocol			*/
+#define IPPROTO_RSVP		IPPROTO_RSVP
+  IPPROTO_GRE = 47,		/* Cisco GRE tunnels (rfc 1701,1702)	*/
+#define IPPROTO_GRE		IPPROTO_GRE
+  IPPROTO_ESP = 50,		/* Encapsulation Security Payload protocol */
+#define IPPROTO_ESP		IPPROTO_ESP
+  IPPROTO_AH = 51,		/* Authentication Header protocol	*/
+#define IPPROTO_AH		IPPROTO_AH
+  IPPROTO_MTP = 92,		/* Multicast Transport Protocol		*/
+#define IPPROTO_MTP		IPPROTO_MTP
+  IPPROTO_BEETPH = 94,		/* IP option pseudo header for BEET	*/
+#define IPPROTO_BEETPH		IPPROTO_BEETPH
+  IPPROTO_ENCAP = 98,		/* Encapsulation Header			*/
+#define IPPROTO_ENCAP		IPPROTO_ENCAP
+  IPPROTO_PIM = 103,		/* Protocol Independent Multicast	*/
+#define IPPROTO_PIM		IPPROTO_PIM
+  IPPROTO_COMP = 108,		/* Compression Header Protocol		*/
+#define IPPROTO_COMP		IPPROTO_COMP
+  IPPROTO_L2TP = 115,		/* Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol		*/
+#define IPPROTO_L2TP		IPPROTO_L2TP
+  IPPROTO_SCTP = 132,		/* Stream Control Transport Protocol	*/
+#define IPPROTO_SCTP		IPPROTO_SCTP
+  IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 136,	/* UDP-Lite (RFC 3828)			*/
+#define IPPROTO_UDPLITE		IPPROTO_UDPLITE
+  IPPROTO_MPLS = 137,		/* MPLS in IP (RFC 4023)		*/
+#define IPPROTO_MPLS		IPPROTO_MPLS
+  IPPROTO_ETHERNET = 143,	/* Ethernet-within-IPv6 Encapsulation	*/
+#define IPPROTO_ETHERNET	IPPROTO_ETHERNET
+  IPPROTO_RAW = 255,		/* Raw IP packets			*/
+#define IPPROTO_RAW		IPPROTO_RAW
+  IPPROTO_MPTCP = 262,		/* Multipath TCP connection		*/
+#define IPPROTO_MPTCP		IPPROTO_MPTCP
+  IPPROTO_MAX
+};
+#endif
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN_ADDR
+/* Internet address. */
+struct in_addr {
+	__be32	s_addr;
+};
+#endif
+
+#define IP_TOS		1
+#define IP_TTL		2
+#define IP_HDRINCL	3
+#define IP_OPTIONS	4
+#define IP_ROUTER_ALERT	5
+#define IP_RECVOPTS	6
+#define IP_RETOPTS	7
+#define IP_PKTINFO	8
+#define IP_PKTOPTIONS	9
+#define IP_MTU_DISCOVER	10
+#define IP_RECVERR	11
+#define IP_RECVTTL	12
+#define	IP_RECVTOS	13
+#define IP_MTU		14
+#define IP_FREEBIND	15
+#define IP_IPSEC_POLICY	16
+#define IP_XFRM_POLICY	17
+#define IP_PASSSEC	18
+#define IP_TRANSPARENT	19
+
+/* BSD compatibility */
+#define IP_RECVRETOPTS	IP_RETOPTS
+
+/* TProxy original addresses */
+#define IP_ORIGDSTADDR       20
+#define IP_RECVORIGDSTADDR   IP_ORIGDSTADDR
+
+#define IP_MINTTL       21
+#define IP_NODEFRAG     22
+#define IP_CHECKSUM	23
+#define IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT	24
+#define IP_RECVFRAGSIZE	25
+#define IP_RECVERR_RFC4884	26
+
+/* IP_MTU_DISCOVER values */
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_DONT		0	/* Never send DF frames */
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_WANT		1	/* Use per route hints	*/
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_DO			2	/* Always DF		*/
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_PROBE		3       /* Ignore dst pmtu      */
+/* Always use interface mtu (ignores dst pmtu) but don't set DF flag.
+ * Also incoming ICMP frag_needed notifications will be ignored on
+ * this socket to prevent accepting spoofed ones.
+ */
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE		4
+/* weaker version of IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE, which allows packets to get
+ * fragmented if they exeed the interface mtu
+ */
+#define IP_PMTUDISC_OMIT		5
+
+#define IP_MULTICAST_IF			32
+#define IP_MULTICAST_TTL 		33
+#define IP_MULTICAST_LOOP 		34
+#define IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP		35
+#define IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP		36
+#define IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE		37
+#define IP_BLOCK_SOURCE			38
+#define IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP	39
+#define IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP	40
+#define IP_MSFILTER			41
+#define MCAST_JOIN_GROUP		42
+#define MCAST_BLOCK_SOURCE		43
+#define MCAST_UNBLOCK_SOURCE		44
+#define MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP		45
+#define MCAST_JOIN_SOURCE_GROUP		46
+#define MCAST_LEAVE_SOURCE_GROUP	47
+#define MCAST_MSFILTER			48
+#define IP_MULTICAST_ALL		49
+#define IP_UNICAST_IF			50
+
+#define MCAST_EXCLUDE	0
+#define MCAST_INCLUDE	1
+
+/* These need to appear somewhere around here */
+#define IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL        1
+#define IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP       1
+
+/* Request struct for multicast socket ops */
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IP_MREQ
+struct ip_mreq  {
+	struct in_addr imr_multiaddr;	/* IP multicast address of group */
+	struct in_addr imr_interface;	/* local IP address of interface */
+};
+
+struct ip_mreqn {
+	struct in_addr	imr_multiaddr;		/* IP multicast address of group */
+	struct in_addr	imr_address;		/* local IP address of interface */
+	int		imr_ifindex;		/* Interface index */
+};
+
+struct ip_mreq_source {
+	__be32		imr_multiaddr;
+	__be32		imr_interface;
+	__be32		imr_sourceaddr;
+};
+
+struct ip_msfilter {
+	__be32		imsf_multiaddr;
+	__be32		imsf_interface;
+	__u32		imsf_fmode;
+	__u32		imsf_numsrc;
+	union {
+		__be32		imsf_slist[1];
+		__DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(__be32, imsf_slist_flex);
+	};
+};
+
+#define IP_MSFILTER_SIZE(numsrc) \
+	(sizeof(struct ip_msfilter) - sizeof(__u32) \
+	+ (numsrc) * sizeof(__u32))
+
+struct group_req {
+	__u32				 gr_interface;	/* interface index */
+	struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gr_group;	/* group address */
+};
+
+struct group_source_req {
+	__u32				 gsr_interface;	/* interface index */
+	struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gsr_group;	/* group address */
+	struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gsr_source;	/* source address */
+};
+
+struct group_filter {
+	union {
+		struct {
+			__u32				 gf_interface_aux; /* interface index */
+			struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gf_group_aux;	   /* multicast address */
+			__u32				 gf_fmode_aux;	   /* filter mode */
+			__u32				 gf_numsrc_aux;	   /* number of sources */
+			struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gf_slist[1];	   /* interface index */
+		};
+		struct {
+			__u32				 gf_interface;	  /* interface index */
+			struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gf_group;	  /* multicast address */
+			__u32				 gf_fmode;	  /* filter mode */
+			__u32				 gf_numsrc;	  /* number of sources */
+			struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage gf_slist_flex[]; /* interface index */
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+#define GROUP_FILTER_SIZE(numsrc) \
+	(sizeof(struct group_filter) - sizeof(struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage) \
+	+ (numsrc) * sizeof(struct __kernel_sockaddr_storage))
+#endif
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN_PKTINFO
+struct in_pktinfo {
+	int		ipi_ifindex;
+	struct in_addr	ipi_spec_dst;
+	struct in_addr	ipi_addr;
+};
+#endif
+
+/* Structure describing an Internet (IP) socket address. */
+#if  __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN
+#define __SOCK_SIZE__	16		/* sizeof(struct sockaddr)	*/
+struct sockaddr_in {
+  __kernel_sa_family_t	sin_family;	/* Address family		*/
+  __be16		sin_port;	/* Port number			*/
+  struct in_addr	sin_addr;	/* Internet address		*/
+
+  /* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr'. */
+  unsigned char		__pad[__SOCK_SIZE__ - sizeof(short int) -
+			sizeof(unsigned short int) - sizeof(struct in_addr)];
+};
+#define sin_zero	__pad		/* for BSD UNIX comp. -FvK	*/
+#endif
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN_CLASS
+/*
+ * Definitions of the bits in an Internet address integer.
+ * On subnets, host and network parts are found according
+ * to the subnet mask, not these masks.
+ */
+#define	IN_CLASSA(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0x80000000) == 0)
+#define	IN_CLASSA_NET		0xff000000
+#define	IN_CLASSA_NSHIFT	24
+#define	IN_CLASSA_HOST		(0xffffffff & ~IN_CLASSA_NET)
+#define	IN_CLASSA_MAX		128
+
+#define	IN_CLASSB(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0xc0000000) == 0x80000000)
+#define	IN_CLASSB_NET		0xffff0000
+#define	IN_CLASSB_NSHIFT	16
+#define	IN_CLASSB_HOST		(0xffffffff & ~IN_CLASSB_NET)
+#define	IN_CLASSB_MAX		65536
+
+#define	IN_CLASSC(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0xe0000000) == 0xc0000000)
+#define	IN_CLASSC_NET		0xffffff00
+#define	IN_CLASSC_NSHIFT	8
+#define	IN_CLASSC_HOST		(0xffffffff & ~IN_CLASSC_NET)
+
+#define	IN_CLASSD(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0xf0000000) == 0xe0000000)
+#define	IN_MULTICAST(a)		IN_CLASSD(a)
+#define	IN_MULTICAST_NET	0xe0000000
+
+#define	IN_BADCLASS(a)		(((long int) (a) ) == (long int)0xffffffff)
+#define	IN_EXPERIMENTAL(a)	IN_BADCLASS((a))
+
+#define	IN_CLASSE(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0xf0000000) == 0xf0000000)
+#define	IN_CLASSE_NET		0xffffffff
+#define	IN_CLASSE_NSHIFT	0
+
+/* Address to accept any incoming messages. */
+#define	INADDR_ANY		((unsigned long int) 0x00000000)
+
+/* Address to send to all hosts. */
+#define	INADDR_BROADCAST	((unsigned long int) 0xffffffff)
+
+/* Address indicating an error return. */
+#define	INADDR_NONE		((unsigned long int) 0xffffffff)
+
+/* Dummy address for src of ICMP replies if no real address is set (RFC7600). */
+#define	INADDR_DUMMY		((unsigned long int) 0xc0000008)
+
+/* Network number for local host loopback. */
+#define	IN_LOOPBACKNET		127
+
+/* Address to loopback in software to local host.  */
+#define	INADDR_LOOPBACK		0x7f000001	/* 127.0.0.1   */
+#define	IN_LOOPBACK(a)		((((long int) (a)) & 0xff000000) == 0x7f000000)
+
+/* Defines for Multicast INADDR */
+#define INADDR_UNSPEC_GROUP		0xe0000000U	/* 224.0.0.0   */
+#define INADDR_ALLHOSTS_GROUP		0xe0000001U	/* 224.0.0.1   */
+#define INADDR_ALLRTRS_GROUP		0xe0000002U	/* 224.0.0.2 */
+#define INADDR_ALLSNOOPERS_GROUP	0xe000006aU	/* 224.0.0.106 */
+#define INADDR_MAX_LOCAL_GROUP		0xe00000ffU	/* 224.0.0.255 */
+#endif
+
+/* <asm/byteorder.h> contains the htonl type stuff.. */
+#include <asm/byteorder.h> 
+
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IN_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/in6.h b/src/basic/linux/in6.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4c53a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/in6.h
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ *	Types and definitions for AF_INET6 
+ *	Linux INET6 implementation 
+ *
+ *	Authors:
+ *	Pedro Roque		<roque@di.fc.ul.pt>	
+ *
+ *	Sources:
+ *	IPv6 Program Interfaces for BSD Systems
+ *      <draft-ietf-ipngwg-bsd-api-05.txt>
+ *
+ *	Advanced Sockets API for IPv6
+ *	<draft-stevens-advanced-api-00.txt>
+ *
+ *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *      modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *      as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *      2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IN6_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IN6_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/libc-compat.h>
+
+/*
+ *	IPv6 address structure
+ */
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR
+struct in6_addr {
+	union {
+		__u8		u6_addr8[16];
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT
+		__be16		u6_addr16[8];
+		__be32		u6_addr32[4];
+#endif
+	} in6_u;
+#define s6_addr			in6_u.u6_addr8
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT
+#define s6_addr16		in6_u.u6_addr16
+#define s6_addr32		in6_u.u6_addr32
+#endif
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR */
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6
+struct sockaddr_in6 {
+	unsigned short int	sin6_family;    /* AF_INET6 */
+	__be16			sin6_port;      /* Transport layer port # */
+	__be32			sin6_flowinfo;  /* IPv6 flow information */
+	struct in6_addr		sin6_addr;      /* IPv6 address */
+	__u32			sin6_scope_id;  /* scope id (new in RFC2553) */
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6 */
+
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_MREQ
+struct ipv6_mreq {
+	/* IPv6 multicast address of group */
+	struct in6_addr ipv6mr_multiaddr;
+
+	/* local IPv6 address of interface */
+	int		ipv6mr_ifindex;
+};
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IVP6_MREQ */
+
+#define ipv6mr_acaddr	ipv6mr_multiaddr
+
+struct in6_flowlabel_req {
+	struct in6_addr	flr_dst;
+	__be32	flr_label;
+	__u8	flr_action;
+	__u8	flr_share;
+	__u16	flr_flags;
+	__u16 	flr_expires;
+	__u16	flr_linger;
+	__u32	__flr_pad;
+	/* Options in format of IPV6_PKTOPTIONS */
+};
+
+#define IPV6_FL_A_GET	0
+#define IPV6_FL_A_PUT	1
+#define IPV6_FL_A_RENEW	2
+
+#define IPV6_FL_F_CREATE	1
+#define IPV6_FL_F_EXCL		2
+#define IPV6_FL_F_REFLECT	4
+#define IPV6_FL_F_REMOTE	8
+
+#define IPV6_FL_S_NONE		0
+#define IPV6_FL_S_EXCL		1
+#define IPV6_FL_S_PROCESS	2
+#define IPV6_FL_S_USER		3
+#define IPV6_FL_S_ANY		255
+
+
+/*
+ *	Bitmask constant declarations to help applications select out the 
+ *	flow label and priority fields.
+ *
+ *	Note that this are in host byte order while the flowinfo field of
+ *	sockaddr_in6 is in network byte order.
+ */
+
+#define IPV6_FLOWINFO_FLOWLABEL		0x000fffff
+#define IPV6_FLOWINFO_PRIORITY		0x0ff00000
+
+/* These definitions are obsolete */
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_UNCHARACTERIZED	0x0000
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_FILLER		0x0100
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_UNATTENDED	0x0200
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_RESERVED1		0x0300
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_BULK		0x0400
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_RESERVED2		0x0500
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_INTERACTIVE	0x0600
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_CONTROL		0x0700
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_8			0x0800
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_9			0x0900
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_10		0x0a00
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_11		0x0b00
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_12		0x0c00
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_13		0x0d00
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_14		0x0e00
+#define IPV6_PRIORITY_15		0x0f00
+
+/*
+ *	IPV6 extension headers
+ */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6
+#define IPPROTO_HOPOPTS		0	/* IPv6 hop-by-hop options	*/
+#define IPPROTO_ROUTING		43	/* IPv6 routing header		*/
+#define IPPROTO_FRAGMENT	44	/* IPv6 fragmentation header	*/
+#define IPPROTO_ICMPV6		58	/* ICMPv6			*/
+#define IPPROTO_NONE		59	/* IPv6 no next header		*/
+#define IPPROTO_DSTOPTS		60	/* IPv6 destination options	*/
+#define IPPROTO_MH		135	/* IPv6 mobility header		*/
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6 */
+
+/*
+ *	IPv6 TLV options.
+ */
+#define IPV6_TLV_PAD1		0
+#define IPV6_TLV_PADN		1
+#define IPV6_TLV_ROUTERALERT	5
+#define IPV6_TLV_CALIPSO	7	/* RFC 5570 */
+#define IPV6_TLV_IOAM		49	/* TEMPORARY IANA allocation for IOAM */
+#define IPV6_TLV_JUMBO		194
+#define IPV6_TLV_HAO		201	/* home address option */
+
+/*
+ *	IPV6 socket options
+ */
+#if __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_OPTIONS
+#define IPV6_ADDRFORM		1
+#define IPV6_2292PKTINFO	2
+#define IPV6_2292HOPOPTS	3
+#define IPV6_2292DSTOPTS	4
+#define IPV6_2292RTHDR		5
+#define IPV6_2292PKTOPTIONS	6
+#define IPV6_CHECKSUM		7
+#define IPV6_2292HOPLIMIT	8
+#define IPV6_NEXTHOP		9
+#define IPV6_AUTHHDR		10	/* obsolete */
+#define IPV6_FLOWINFO		11
+
+#define IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS	16
+#define IPV6_MULTICAST_IF	17
+#define IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS	18
+#define IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP	19
+#define IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP	20
+#define IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP	21
+#define IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT	22
+#define IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER	23
+#define IPV6_MTU		24
+#define IPV6_RECVERR		25
+#define IPV6_V6ONLY		26
+#define IPV6_JOIN_ANYCAST	27
+#define IPV6_LEAVE_ANYCAST	28
+#define IPV6_MULTICAST_ALL	29
+#define IPV6_ROUTER_ALERT_ISOLATE	30
+#define IPV6_RECVERR_RFC4884	31
+
+/* IPV6_MTU_DISCOVER values */
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_DONT		0
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_WANT		1
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_DO		2
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_PROBE		3
+/* same as IPV6_PMTUDISC_PROBE, provided for symetry with IPv4
+ * also see comments on IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE
+ */
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE		4
+/* weaker version of IPV6_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE, which allows packets to
+ * get fragmented if they exceed the interface mtu
+ */
+#define IPV6_PMTUDISC_OMIT		5
+
+/* Flowlabel */
+#define IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MGR	32
+#define IPV6_FLOWINFO_SEND	33
+
+#define IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY	34
+#define IPV6_XFRM_POLICY	35
+#define IPV6_HDRINCL		36
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Multicast:
+ * Following socket options are shared between IPv4 and IPv6.
+ *
+ * MCAST_JOIN_GROUP		42
+ * MCAST_BLOCK_SOURCE		43
+ * MCAST_UNBLOCK_SOURCE		44
+ * MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP		45
+ * MCAST_JOIN_SOURCE_GROUP	46
+ * MCAST_LEAVE_SOURCE_GROUP	47
+ * MCAST_MSFILTER		48
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Advanced API (RFC3542) (1)
+ *
+ * Note: IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS does not exist. see net/ipv6/datagram.c.
+ */
+
+#define IPV6_RECVPKTINFO	49
+#define IPV6_PKTINFO		50
+#define IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT	51
+#define IPV6_HOPLIMIT		52
+#define IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS	53
+#define IPV6_HOPOPTS		54
+#define IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS	55
+#define IPV6_RECVRTHDR		56
+#define IPV6_RTHDR		57
+#define IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS	58
+#define IPV6_DSTOPTS		59
+#define IPV6_RECVPATHMTU	60
+#define IPV6_PATHMTU		61
+#define IPV6_DONTFRAG		62
+#if 0	/* not yet */
+#define IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU	63
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Netfilter (1)
+ *
+ * Following socket options are used in ip6_tables;
+ * see include/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h.
+ *
+ * IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACE / IP6T_SO_GET_INFO		64
+ * IP6T_SO_SET_ADD_COUNTERS / IP6T_SO_GET_ENTRIES	65
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Advanced API (RFC3542) (2)
+ */
+#define IPV6_RECVTCLASS		66
+#define IPV6_TCLASS		67
+
+/*
+ * Netfilter (2)
+ *
+ * Following socket options are used in ip6_tables;
+ * see include/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h.
+ *
+ * IP6T_SO_GET_REVISION_MATCH	68
+ * IP6T_SO_GET_REVISION_TARGET	69
+ * IP6T_SO_ORIGINAL_DST		80
+ */
+
+#define IPV6_AUTOFLOWLABEL	70
+/* RFC5014: Source address selection */
+#define IPV6_ADDR_PREFERENCES	72
+
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_TMP		0x0001
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_PUBLIC		0x0002
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_PUBTMP_DEFAULT	0x0100
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_COA		0x0004
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_HOME		0x0400
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_CGA		0x0008
+#define IPV6_PREFER_SRC_NONCGA		0x0800
+
+/* RFC5082: Generalized Ttl Security Mechanism */
+#define IPV6_MINHOPCOUNT		73
+
+#define IPV6_ORIGDSTADDR        74
+#define IPV6_RECVORIGDSTADDR    IPV6_ORIGDSTADDR
+#define IPV6_TRANSPARENT        75
+#define IPV6_UNICAST_IF         76
+#define IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE	77
+#define IPV6_FREEBIND		78
+
+/*
+ * Multicast Routing:
+ * see include/uapi/linux/mroute6.h.
+ *
+ * MRT6_BASE			200
+ * ...
+ * MRT6_MAX
+ */
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IN6_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/ipv6_route.h b/src/basic/linux/ipv6_route.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..593800a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/ipv6_route.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ *	Linux INET6 implementation 
+ *
+ *	Authors:
+ *	Pedro Roque		<roque@di.fc.ul.pt>	
+ *
+ *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *      modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *      as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *      2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_IPV6_ROUTE_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_IPV6_ROUTE_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>			/* For struct in6_addr. */
+
+#define RTF_DEFAULT	0x00010000	/* default - learned via ND	*/
+#define RTF_ALLONLINK	0x00020000	/* (deprecated and will be removed)
+					   fallback, no routers on link */
+#define RTF_ADDRCONF	0x00040000	/* addrconf route - RA		*/
+#define RTF_PREFIX_RT	0x00080000	/* A prefix only route - RA	*/
+#define RTF_ANYCAST	0x00100000	/* Anycast			*/
+
+#define RTF_NONEXTHOP	0x00200000	/* route with no nexthop	*/
+#define RTF_EXPIRES	0x00400000
+
+#define RTF_ROUTEINFO	0x00800000	/* route information - RA	*/
+
+#define RTF_CACHE	0x01000000	/* read-only: can not be set by user */
+#define RTF_FLOW	0x02000000	/* flow significant route	*/
+#define RTF_POLICY	0x04000000	/* policy route			*/
+
+#define RTF_PREF(pref)	((pref) << 27)
+#define RTF_PREF_MASK	0x18000000
+
+#define RTF_PCPU	0x40000000	/* read-only: can not be set by user */
+#define RTF_LOCAL	0x80000000
+
+
+struct in6_rtmsg {
+	struct in6_addr		rtmsg_dst;
+	struct in6_addr		rtmsg_src;
+	struct in6_addr		rtmsg_gateway;
+	__u32			rtmsg_type;
+	__u16			rtmsg_dst_len;
+	__u16			rtmsg_src_len;
+	__u32			rtmsg_metric;
+	unsigned long		rtmsg_info;
+        __u32			rtmsg_flags;
+	int			rtmsg_ifindex;
+};
+
+#define RTMSG_NEWDEVICE		0x11
+#define RTMSG_DELDEVICE		0x12
+#define RTMSG_NEWROUTE		0x21
+#define RTMSG_DELROUTE		0x22
+
+#define IP6_RT_PRIO_USER	1024
+#define IP6_RT_PRIO_ADDRCONF	256
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_IPV6_ROUTE_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/l2tp.h b/src/basic/linux/l2tp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d81c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/l2tp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * L2TP-over-IP socket for L2TPv3.
+ *
+ * Author: James Chapman <jchapman@katalix.com>
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_L2TP_H_
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_L2TP_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/socket.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/in6.h>
+
+/**
+ * struct sockaddr_l2tpip - the sockaddr structure for L2TP-over-IP sockets
+ * @l2tp_family:  address family number AF_L2TPIP.
+ * @l2tp_addr:    protocol specific address information
+ * @l2tp_conn_id: connection id of tunnel
+ */
+#define __SOCK_SIZE__	16		/* sizeof(struct sockaddr)	*/
+struct sockaddr_l2tpip {
+	/* The first fields must match struct sockaddr_in */
+	__kernel_sa_family_t l2tp_family; /* AF_INET */
+	__be16		l2tp_unused;	/* INET port number (unused) */
+	struct in_addr	l2tp_addr;	/* Internet address */
+
+	__u32		l2tp_conn_id;	/* Connection ID of tunnel */
+
+	/* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr'. */
+	unsigned char	__pad[__SOCK_SIZE__ -
+			      sizeof(__kernel_sa_family_t) -
+			      sizeof(__be16) - sizeof(struct in_addr) -
+			      sizeof(__u32)];
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct sockaddr_l2tpip6 - the sockaddr structure for L2TP-over-IPv6 sockets
+ * @l2tp_family:  address family number AF_L2TPIP.
+ * @l2tp_addr:    protocol specific address information
+ * @l2tp_conn_id: connection id of tunnel
+ */
+struct sockaddr_l2tpip6 {
+	/* The first fields must match struct sockaddr_in6 */
+	__kernel_sa_family_t l2tp_family; /* AF_INET6 */
+	__be16		l2tp_unused;	/* INET port number (unused) */
+	__be32		l2tp_flowinfo;	/* IPv6 flow information */
+	struct in6_addr	l2tp_addr;	/* IPv6 address */
+	__u32		l2tp_scope_id;	/* scope id (new in RFC2553) */
+	__u32		l2tp_conn_id;	/* Connection ID of tunnel */
+};
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ *  NETLINK_GENERIC netlink family.
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * Commands.
+ * Valid TLVs of each command are:-
+ * TUNNEL_CREATE	- CONN_ID, pw_type, netns, ifname, ipinfo, udpinfo, udpcsum
+ * TUNNEL_DELETE	- CONN_ID
+ * TUNNEL_MODIFY	- CONN_ID, udpcsum
+ * TUNNEL_GETSTATS	- CONN_ID, (stats)
+ * TUNNEL_GET		- CONN_ID, (...)
+ * SESSION_CREATE	- SESSION_ID, PW_TYPE, cookie, peer_cookie, l2spec
+ * SESSION_DELETE	- SESSION_ID
+ * SESSION_MODIFY	- SESSION_ID
+ * SESSION_GET		- SESSION_ID, (...)
+ * SESSION_GETSTATS	- SESSION_ID, (stats)
+ *
+ */
+enum {
+	L2TP_CMD_NOOP,
+	L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_CREATE,
+	L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_DELETE,
+	L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_MODIFY,
+	L2TP_CMD_TUNNEL_GET,
+	L2TP_CMD_SESSION_CREATE,
+	L2TP_CMD_SESSION_DELETE,
+	L2TP_CMD_SESSION_MODIFY,
+	L2TP_CMD_SESSION_GET,
+	__L2TP_CMD_MAX,
+};
+
+#define L2TP_CMD_MAX			(__L2TP_CMD_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * ATTR types defined for L2TP
+ */
+enum {
+	L2TP_ATTR_NONE,			/* no data */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PW_TYPE,		/* u16, enum l2tp_pwtype */
+	L2TP_ATTR_ENCAP_TYPE,		/* u16, enum l2tp_encap_type */
+	L2TP_ATTR_OFFSET,		/* u16 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_DATA_SEQ,		/* u16 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_L2SPEC_TYPE,		/* u8, enum l2tp_l2spec_type */
+	L2TP_ATTR_L2SPEC_LEN,		/* u8 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PROTO_VERSION,	/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_IFNAME,		/* string */
+	L2TP_ATTR_CONN_ID,		/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PEER_CONN_ID,		/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_SESSION_ID,		/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PEER_SESSION_ID,	/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_UDP_CSUM,		/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_VLAN_ID,		/* u16 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_COOKIE,		/* 0, 4 or 8 bytes */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PEER_COOKIE,		/* 0, 4 or 8 bytes */
+	L2TP_ATTR_DEBUG,		/* u32, enum l2tp_debug_flags (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RECV_SEQ,		/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_SEND_SEQ,		/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_LNS_MODE,		/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_USING_IPSEC,		/* u8 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RECV_TIMEOUT,		/* msec */
+	L2TP_ATTR_FD,			/* int */
+	L2TP_ATTR_IP_SADDR,		/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_IP_DADDR,		/* u32 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_UDP_SPORT,		/* u16 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_UDP_DPORT,		/* u16 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_MTU,			/* u16 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_MRU,			/* u16 (not used) */
+	L2TP_ATTR_STATS,		/* nested */
+	L2TP_ATTR_IP6_SADDR,		/* struct in6_addr */
+	L2TP_ATTR_IP6_DADDR,		/* struct in6_addr */
+	L2TP_ATTR_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_TX,	/* flag */
+	L2TP_ATTR_UDP_ZERO_CSUM6_RX,	/* flag */
+	L2TP_ATTR_PAD,
+	__L2TP_ATTR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define L2TP_ATTR_MAX			(__L2TP_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Nested in L2TP_ATTR_STATS */
+enum {
+	L2TP_ATTR_STATS_NONE,		/* no data */
+	L2TP_ATTR_TX_PACKETS,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_TX_BYTES,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_TX_ERRORS,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_PACKETS,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_BYTES,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_SEQ_DISCARDS,	/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_OOS_PACKETS,	/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_ERRORS,		/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_STATS_PAD,
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_COOKIE_DISCARDS,	/* u64 */
+	L2TP_ATTR_RX_INVALID,		/* u64 */
+	__L2TP_ATTR_STATS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define L2TP_ATTR_STATS_MAX		(__L2TP_ATTR_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum l2tp_pwtype {
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_NONE = 0x0000,
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_ETH_VLAN = 0x0004,
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_ETH = 0x0005,
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_PPP = 0x0007,
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_PPP_AC = 0x0008,
+	L2TP_PWTYPE_IP = 0x000b,
+	__L2TP_PWTYPE_MAX
+};
+
+enum l2tp_l2spec_type {
+	L2TP_L2SPECTYPE_NONE,
+	L2TP_L2SPECTYPE_DEFAULT,
+};
+
+enum l2tp_encap_type {
+	L2TP_ENCAPTYPE_UDP,
+	L2TP_ENCAPTYPE_IP,
+};
+
+/* For L2TP_ATTR_DATA_SEQ. Unused. */
+enum l2tp_seqmode {
+	L2TP_SEQ_NONE = 0,
+	L2TP_SEQ_IP = 1,
+	L2TP_SEQ_ALL = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum l2tp_debug_flags - debug message categories for L2TP tunnels/sessions.
+ *
+ * Unused.
+ *
+ * @L2TP_MSG_DEBUG: verbose debug (if compiled in)
+ * @L2TP_MSG_CONTROL: userspace - kernel interface
+ * @L2TP_MSG_SEQ: sequence numbers
+ * @L2TP_MSG_DATA: data packets
+ */
+enum l2tp_debug_flags {
+	L2TP_MSG_DEBUG		= (1 << 0),
+	L2TP_MSG_CONTROL	= (1 << 1),
+	L2TP_MSG_SEQ		= (1 << 2),
+	L2TP_MSG_DATA		= (1 << 3),
+};
+
+/*
+ * NETLINK_GENERIC related info
+ */
+#define L2TP_GENL_NAME		"l2tp"
+#define L2TP_GENL_VERSION	0x1
+#define L2TP_GENL_MCGROUP       "l2tp"
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_L2TP_H_ */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/libc-compat.h b/src/basic/linux/libc-compat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8254c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/libc-compat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * Compatibility interface for userspace libc header coordination:
+ *
+ * Define compatibility macros that are used to control the inclusion or
+ * exclusion of UAPI structures and definitions in coordination with another
+ * userspace C library.
+ *
+ * This header is intended to solve the problem of UAPI definitions that
+ * conflict with userspace definitions. If a UAPI header has such conflicting
+ * definitions then the solution is as follows:
+ *
+ * * Synchronize the UAPI header and the libc headers so either one can be
+ *   used and such that the ABI is preserved. If this is not possible then
+ *   no simple compatibility interface exists (you need to write translating
+ *   wrappers and rename things) and you can't use this interface.
+ *
+ * Then follow this process:
+ *
+ * (a) Include libc-compat.h in the UAPI header.
+ *      e.g. #include <linux/libc-compat.h>
+ *     This include must be as early as possible.
+ *
+ * (b) In libc-compat.h add enough code to detect that the comflicting
+ *     userspace libc header has been included first.
+ *
+ * (c) If the userspace libc header has been included first define a set of
+ *     guard macros of the form __UAPI_DEF_FOO and set their values to 1, else
+ *     set their values to 0.
+ *
+ * (d) Back in the UAPI header with the conflicting definitions, guard the
+ *     definitions with:
+ *     #if __UAPI_DEF_FOO
+ *       ...
+ *     #endif
+ *
+ * This fixes the situation where the linux headers are included *after* the
+ * libc headers. To fix the problem with the inclusion in the other order the
+ * userspace libc headers must be fixed like this:
+ *
+ * * For all definitions that conflict with kernel definitions wrap those
+ *   defines in the following:
+ *   #if !__UAPI_DEF_FOO
+ *     ...
+ *   #endif
+ *
+ * This prevents the redefinition of a construct already defined by the kernel.
+ */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LIBC_COMPAT_H
+#define _UAPI_LIBC_COMPAT_H
+
+/* We have included glibc headers... */
+#if defined(__GLIBC__)
+
+/* Coordinate with glibc net/if.h header. */
+#if defined(_NET_IF_H) && defined(__USE_MISC)
+
+/* GLIBC headers included first so don't define anything
+ * that would already be defined. */
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF 0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP 0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ 0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ 0
+/* Everything up to IFF_DYNAMIC, matches net/if.h until glibc 2.23 */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS 0
+/* For the future if glibc adds IFF_LOWER_UP, IFF_DORMANT and IFF_ECHO */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO 1
+#endif /* __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO */
+
+#else /* _NET_IF_H */
+
+/* Linux headers included first, and we must define everything
+ * we need. The expectation is that glibc will check the
+ * __UAPI_DEF_* defines and adjust appropriately. */
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF 1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP 1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ 1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ 1
+/* Everything up to IFF_DYNAMIC, matches net/if.h until glibc 2.23 */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS 1
+/* For the future if glibc adds IFF_LOWER_UP, IFF_DORMANT and IFF_ECHO */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO 1
+
+#endif /* _NET_IF_H */
+
+/* Coordinate with glibc netinet/in.h header. */
+#if defined(_NETINET_IN_H)
+
+/* GLIBC headers included first so don't define anything
+ * that would already be defined. */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_ADDR		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_IPPROTO		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_PKTINFO		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP_MREQ		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_CLASS		0
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR		0
+/* The exception is the in6_addr macros which must be defined
+ * if the glibc code didn't define them. This guard matches
+ * the guard in glibc/inet/netinet/in.h which defines the
+ * additional in6_addr macros e.g. s6_addr16, and s6_addr32. */
+#if defined(__USE_MISC) || defined (__USE_GNU)
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT		0
+#else
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT		1
+#endif
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_MREQ		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_OPTIONS		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_PKTINFO		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP6_MTUINFO		0
+
+#else
+
+/* Linux headers included first, and we must define everything
+ * we need. The expectation is that glibc will check the
+ * __UAPI_DEF_* defines and adjust appropriately. */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_ADDR		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_IPPROTO		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_PKTINFO		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP_MREQ		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_CLASS		1
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR		1
+/* We unconditionally define the in6_addr macros and glibc must
+ * coordinate. */
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_MREQ		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_OPTIONS		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_PKTINFO		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP6_MTUINFO		1
+
+#endif /* _NETINET_IN_H */
+
+/* Coordinate with glibc netipx/ipx.h header. */
+#if defined(__NETIPX_IPX_H)
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IPX			0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEFINITION		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_INTERFACE_DEFINITION	0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_CONFIG_DATA		0
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEF		0
+
+#else /* defined(__NETIPX_IPX_H) */
+
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IPX			1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEFINITION		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_INTERFACE_DEFINITION	1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_CONFIG_DATA		1
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEF		1
+
+#endif /* defined(__NETIPX_IPX_H) */
+
+/* Definitions for xattr.h */
+#if defined(_SYS_XATTR_H)
+#define __UAPI_DEF_XATTR		0
+#else
+#define __UAPI_DEF_XATTR		1
+#endif
+
+/* If we did not see any headers from any supported C libraries,
+ * or we are being included in the kernel, then define everything
+ * that we need. Check for previous __UAPI_* definitions to give
+ * unsupported C libraries a way to opt out of any kernel definition. */
+#else /* !defined(__GLIBC__) */
+
+/* Definitions for if.h */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFCONF 1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFMAP 1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFNAMSIZ 1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ 1
+#endif
+/* Everything up to IFF_DYNAMIC, matches net/if.h until glibc 2.23 */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS 1
+#endif
+/* For the future if glibc adds IFF_LOWER_UP, IFF_DORMANT and IFF_ECHO */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IF_NET_DEVICE_FLAGS_LOWER_UP_DORMANT_ECHO 1
+#endif
+
+/* Definitions for in.h */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN_ADDR
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_ADDR		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN_IPPROTO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_IPPROTO		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN_PKTINFO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_PKTINFO		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IP_MREQ
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP_MREQ		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN_CLASS
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN_CLASS		1
+#endif
+
+/* Definitions for in6.h */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_ADDR_ALT		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IN6		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_MREQ
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_MREQ		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPPROTO_V6		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_OPTIONS
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPV6_OPTIONS		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IN6_PKTINFO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IN6_PKTINFO		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IP6_MTUINFO
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IP6_MTUINFO		1
+#endif
+
+/* Definitions for ipx.h */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IPX
+#define __UAPI_DEF_SOCKADDR_IPX			1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEFINITION
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEFINITION		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPX_INTERFACE_DEFINITION
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_INTERFACE_DEFINITION	1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPX_CONFIG_DATA
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_CONFIG_DATA		1
+#endif
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEF
+#define __UAPI_DEF_IPX_ROUTE_DEF		1
+#endif
+
+/* Definitions for xattr.h */
+#ifndef __UAPI_DEF_XATTR
+#define __UAPI_DEF_XATTR		1
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __GLIBC__ */
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LIBC_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/mrp_bridge.h b/src/basic/linux/mrp_bridge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4424d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/mrp_bridge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_MRP_BRIDGE_H_
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_MRP_BRIDGE_H_
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+
+#define MRP_MAX_FRAME_LENGTH		200
+#define MRP_DEFAULT_PRIO		0x8000
+#define MRP_DOMAIN_UUID_LENGTH		16
+#define MRP_VERSION			1
+#define MRP_FRAME_PRIO			7
+#define MRP_OUI_LENGTH			3
+#define MRP_MANUFACTURE_DATA_LENGTH	2
+
+enum br_mrp_ring_role_type {
+	BR_MRP_RING_ROLE_DISABLED,
+	BR_MRP_RING_ROLE_MRC,
+	BR_MRP_RING_ROLE_MRM,
+	BR_MRP_RING_ROLE_MRA,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_in_role_type {
+	BR_MRP_IN_ROLE_DISABLED,
+	BR_MRP_IN_ROLE_MIC,
+	BR_MRP_IN_ROLE_MIM,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_ring_state_type {
+	BR_MRP_RING_STATE_OPEN,
+	BR_MRP_RING_STATE_CLOSED,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_in_state_type {
+	BR_MRP_IN_STATE_OPEN,
+	BR_MRP_IN_STATE_CLOSED,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_port_state_type {
+	BR_MRP_PORT_STATE_DISABLED,
+	BR_MRP_PORT_STATE_BLOCKED,
+	BR_MRP_PORT_STATE_FORWARDING,
+	BR_MRP_PORT_STATE_NOT_CONNECTED,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_port_role_type {
+	BR_MRP_PORT_ROLE_PRIMARY,
+	BR_MRP_PORT_ROLE_SECONDARY,
+	BR_MRP_PORT_ROLE_INTER,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_tlv_header_type {
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_END = 0x0,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_COMMON = 0x1,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_RING_TEST = 0x2,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_RING_TOPO = 0x3,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_RING_LINK_DOWN = 0x4,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_RING_LINK_UP = 0x5,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_IN_TEST = 0x6,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_IN_TOPO = 0x7,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_IN_LINK_DOWN = 0x8,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_IN_LINK_UP = 0x9,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_IN_LINK_STATUS = 0xa,
+	BR_MRP_TLV_HEADER_OPTION = 0x7f,
+};
+
+enum br_mrp_sub_tlv_header_type {
+	BR_MRP_SUB_TLV_HEADER_TEST_MGR_NACK = 0x1,
+	BR_MRP_SUB_TLV_HEADER_TEST_PROPAGATE = 0x2,
+	BR_MRP_SUB_TLV_HEADER_TEST_AUTO_MGR = 0x3,
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/netdevice.h b/src/basic/linux/netdevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3770c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/netdevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
+ *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
+ *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
+ *
+ *		Definitions for the Interfaces handler.
+ *
+ * Version:	@(#)dev.h	1.0.10	08/12/93
+ *
+ * Authors:	Ross Biro
+ *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
+ *		Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
+ *		Donald J. Becker, <becker@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov>
+ *		Alan Cox, <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
+ *		Bjorn Ekwall. <bj0rn@blox.se>
+ *              Pekka Riikonen <priikone@poseidon.pspt.fi>
+ *
+ *		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *		modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *		as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ *		2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *		Moved to /usr/include/linux for NET3
+ */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_NETDEVICE_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_NETDEVICE_H
+
+#include <linux/if.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <linux/if_link.h>
+
+
+#define MAX_ADDR_LEN	32		/* Largest hardware address length */
+
+/* Initial net device group. All devices belong to group 0 by default. */
+#define INIT_NETDEV_GROUP	0
+
+
+/* interface name assignment types (sysfs name_assign_type attribute) */
+#define NET_NAME_UNKNOWN	0	/* unknown origin (not exposed to userspace) */
+#define NET_NAME_ENUM		1	/* enumerated by kernel */
+#define NET_NAME_PREDICTABLE	2	/* predictably named by the kernel */
+#define NET_NAME_USER		3	/* provided by user-space */
+#define NET_NAME_RENAMED	4	/* renamed by user-space */
+
+/* Media selection options. */
+enum {
+        IF_PORT_UNKNOWN = 0,
+        IF_PORT_10BASE2,
+        IF_PORT_10BASET,
+        IF_PORT_AUI,
+        IF_PORT_100BASET,
+        IF_PORT_100BASETX,
+        IF_PORT_100BASEFX
+};
+
+/* hardware address assignment types */
+#define NET_ADDR_PERM		0	/* address is permanent (default) */
+#define NET_ADDR_RANDOM		1	/* address is generated randomly */
+#define NET_ADDR_STOLEN		2	/* address is stolen from other device */
+#define NET_ADDR_SET		3	/* address is set using
+					 * dev_set_mac_address() */
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_NETDEVICE_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h b/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfa844d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1963 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _LINUX_NF_TABLES_H
+#define _LINUX_NF_TABLES_H
+
+#define NFT_NAME_MAXLEN		256
+#define NFT_TABLE_MAXNAMELEN	NFT_NAME_MAXLEN
+#define NFT_CHAIN_MAXNAMELEN	NFT_NAME_MAXLEN
+#define NFT_SET_MAXNAMELEN	NFT_NAME_MAXLEN
+#define NFT_OBJ_MAXNAMELEN	NFT_NAME_MAXLEN
+#define NFT_USERDATA_MAXLEN	256
+#define NFT_OSF_MAXGENRELEN	16
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_registers - nf_tables registers
+ *
+ * nf_tables used to have five registers: a verdict register and four data
+ * registers of size 16. The data registers have been changed to 16 registers
+ * of size 4. For compatibility reasons, the NFT_REG_[1-4] registers still
+ * map to areas of size 16, the 4 byte registers are addressed using
+ * NFT_REG32_00 - NFT_REG32_15.
+ */
+enum nft_registers {
+	NFT_REG_VERDICT,
+	NFT_REG_1,
+	NFT_REG_2,
+	NFT_REG_3,
+	NFT_REG_4,
+	__NFT_REG_MAX,
+
+	NFT_REG32_00	= 8,
+	NFT_REG32_01,
+	NFT_REG32_02,
+	NFT_REG32_03,
+	NFT_REG32_04,
+	NFT_REG32_05,
+	NFT_REG32_06,
+	NFT_REG32_07,
+	NFT_REG32_08,
+	NFT_REG32_09,
+	NFT_REG32_10,
+	NFT_REG32_11,
+	NFT_REG32_12,
+	NFT_REG32_13,
+	NFT_REG32_14,
+	NFT_REG32_15,
+};
+#define NFT_REG_MAX	(__NFT_REG_MAX - 1)
+
+#define NFT_REG_SIZE	16
+#define NFT_REG32_SIZE	4
+#define NFT_REG32_COUNT	(NFT_REG32_15 - NFT_REG32_00 + 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_verdicts - nf_tables internal verdicts
+ *
+ * @NFT_CONTINUE: continue evaluation of the current rule
+ * @NFT_BREAK: terminate evaluation of the current rule
+ * @NFT_JUMP: push the current chain on the jump stack and jump to a chain
+ * @NFT_GOTO: jump to a chain without pushing the current chain on the jump stack
+ * @NFT_RETURN: return to the topmost chain on the jump stack
+ *
+ * The nf_tables verdicts share their numeric space with the netfilter verdicts.
+ */
+enum nft_verdicts {
+	NFT_CONTINUE	= -1,
+	NFT_BREAK	= -2,
+	NFT_JUMP	= -3,
+	NFT_GOTO	= -4,
+	NFT_RETURN	= -5,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nf_tables_msg_types - nf_tables netlink message types
+ *
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWTABLE: create a new table (enum nft_table_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETTABLE: get a table (enum nft_table_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELTABLE: delete a table (enum nft_table_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWCHAIN: create a new chain (enum nft_chain_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETCHAIN: get a chain (enum nft_chain_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELCHAIN: delete a chain (enum nft_chain_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWRULE: create a new rule (enum nft_rule_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETRULE: get a rule (enum nft_rule_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELRULE: delete a rule (enum nft_rule_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWSET: create a new set (enum nft_set_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETSET: get a set (enum nft_set_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELSET: delete a set (enum nft_set_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM: create a new set element (enum nft_set_elem_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETSETELEM: get a set element (enum nft_set_elem_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELSETELEM: delete a set element (enum nft_set_elem_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWGEN: announce a new generation, only for events (enum nft_gen_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETGEN: get the rule-set generation (enum nft_gen_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_TRACE: trace event (enum nft_trace_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWOBJ: create a stateful object (enum nft_obj_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETOBJ: get a stateful object (enum nft_obj_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELOBJ: delete a stateful object (enum nft_obj_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETOBJ_RESET: get and reset a stateful object (enum nft_obj_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_NEWFLOWTABLE: add new flow table (enum nft_flowtable_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETFLOWTABLE: get flow table (enum nft_flowtable_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_DELFLOWTABLE: delete flow table (enum nft_flowtable_attributes)
+ * @NFT_MSG_GETRULE_RESET: get rules and reset stateful expressions (enum nft_obj_attributes)
+ */
+enum nf_tables_msg_types {
+	NFT_MSG_NEWTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_GETTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_DELTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWCHAIN,
+	NFT_MSG_GETCHAIN,
+	NFT_MSG_DELCHAIN,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWRULE,
+	NFT_MSG_GETRULE,
+	NFT_MSG_DELRULE,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWSET,
+	NFT_MSG_GETSET,
+	NFT_MSG_DELSET,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM,
+	NFT_MSG_GETSETELEM,
+	NFT_MSG_DELSETELEM,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWGEN,
+	NFT_MSG_GETGEN,
+	NFT_MSG_TRACE,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWOBJ,
+	NFT_MSG_GETOBJ,
+	NFT_MSG_DELOBJ,
+	NFT_MSG_GETOBJ_RESET,
+	NFT_MSG_NEWFLOWTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_GETFLOWTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_DELFLOWTABLE,
+	NFT_MSG_GETRULE_RESET,
+	NFT_MSG_MAX,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_list_attributes - nf_tables generic list netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_LIST_ELEM: list element (NLA_NESTED)
+ */
+enum nft_list_attributes {
+	NFTA_LIST_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_LIST_ELEM,
+	__NFTA_LIST_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_LIST_MAX		(__NFTA_LIST_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_hook_attributes - nf_tables netfilter hook netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_HOOK_HOOKNUM: netfilter hook number (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HOOK_PRIORITY: netfilter hook priority (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HOOK_DEV: netdevice name (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_HOOK_DEVS: list of netdevices (NLA_NESTED)
+ */
+enum nft_hook_attributes {
+	NFTA_HOOK_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_HOOK_HOOKNUM,
+	NFTA_HOOK_PRIORITY,
+	NFTA_HOOK_DEV,
+	NFTA_HOOK_DEVS,
+	__NFTA_HOOK_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_HOOK_MAX		(__NFTA_HOOK_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_table_flags - nf_tables table flags
+ *
+ * @NFT_TABLE_F_DORMANT: this table is not active
+ */
+enum nft_table_flags {
+	NFT_TABLE_F_DORMANT	= 0x1,
+	NFT_TABLE_F_OWNER	= 0x2,
+};
+#define NFT_TABLE_F_MASK	(NFT_TABLE_F_DORMANT | \
+				 NFT_TABLE_F_OWNER)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_table_attributes - nf_tables table netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_TABLE_NAME: name of the table (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_TABLE_FLAGS: bitmask of enum nft_table_flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TABLE_USE: number of chains in this table (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TABLE_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_TABLE_OWNER: owner of this table through netlink portID (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_table_attributes {
+	NFTA_TABLE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TABLE_NAME,
+	NFTA_TABLE_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_TABLE_USE,
+	NFTA_TABLE_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_TABLE_PAD,
+	NFTA_TABLE_USERDATA,
+	NFTA_TABLE_OWNER,
+	__NFTA_TABLE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TABLE_MAX		(__NFTA_TABLE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_chain_flags {
+	NFT_CHAIN_BASE		= (1 << 0),
+	NFT_CHAIN_HW_OFFLOAD	= (1 << 1),
+	NFT_CHAIN_BINDING	= (1 << 2),
+};
+#define NFT_CHAIN_FLAGS		(NFT_CHAIN_BASE		| \
+				 NFT_CHAIN_HW_OFFLOAD	| \
+				 NFT_CHAIN_BINDING)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_chain_attributes - nf_tables chain netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE: name of the table containing the chain (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_HANDLE: numeric handle of the chain (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_NAME: name of the chain (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_HOOK: hook specification for basechains (NLA_NESTED: nft_hook_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_POLICY: numeric policy of the chain (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_USE: number of references to this chain (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_TYPE: type name of the string (NLA_NUL_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_COUNTERS: counter specification of the chain (NLA_NESTED: nft_counter_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_FLAGS: chain flags
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_ID: uniquely identifies a chain in a transaction (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_CHAIN_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY)
+ */
+enum nft_chain_attributes {
+	NFTA_CHAIN_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_TABLE,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_NAME,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_HOOK,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_POLICY,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_USE,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_TYPE,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_COUNTERS,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_PAD,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_ID,
+	NFTA_CHAIN_USERDATA,
+	__NFTA_CHAIN_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_CHAIN_MAX		(__NFTA_CHAIN_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_rule_attributes - nf_tables rule netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_RULE_TABLE: name of the table containing the rule (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_CHAIN: name of the chain containing the rule (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_HANDLE: numeric handle of the rule (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_EXPRESSIONS: list of expressions (NLA_NESTED: nft_expr_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_COMPAT: compatibility specifications of the rule (NLA_NESTED: nft_rule_compat_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_POSITION: numeric handle of the previous rule (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY, NFT_USERDATA_MAXLEN)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_ID: uniquely identifies a rule in a transaction (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_POSITION_ID: transaction unique identifier of the previous rule (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_rule_attributes {
+	NFTA_RULE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_RULE_TABLE,
+	NFTA_RULE_CHAIN,
+	NFTA_RULE_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_RULE_EXPRESSIONS,
+	NFTA_RULE_COMPAT,
+	NFTA_RULE_POSITION,
+	NFTA_RULE_USERDATA,
+	NFTA_RULE_PAD,
+	NFTA_RULE_ID,
+	NFTA_RULE_POSITION_ID,
+	NFTA_RULE_CHAIN_ID,
+	__NFTA_RULE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_RULE_MAX		(__NFTA_RULE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_rule_compat_flags - nf_tables rule compat flags
+ *
+ * @NFT_RULE_COMPAT_F_INV: invert the check result
+ */
+enum nft_rule_compat_flags {
+	NFT_RULE_COMPAT_F_INV	= (1 << 1),
+	NFT_RULE_COMPAT_F_MASK	= NFT_RULE_COMPAT_F_INV,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_rule_compat_attributes - nf_tables rule compat attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_PROTO: numeric value of handled protocol (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_FLAGS: bitmask of enum nft_rule_compat_flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_rule_compat_attributes {
+	NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_PROTO,
+	NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_MAX	(__NFTA_RULE_COMPAT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_flags - nf_tables set flags
+ *
+ * @NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS: name allocation, automatic cleanup on unlink
+ * @NFT_SET_CONSTANT: set contents may not change while bound
+ * @NFT_SET_INTERVAL: set contains intervals
+ * @NFT_SET_MAP: set is used as a dictionary
+ * @NFT_SET_TIMEOUT: set uses timeouts
+ * @NFT_SET_EVAL: set can be updated from the evaluation path
+ * @NFT_SET_OBJECT: set contains stateful objects
+ * @NFT_SET_CONCAT: set contains a concatenation
+ * @NFT_SET_EXPR: set contains expressions
+ */
+enum nft_set_flags {
+	NFT_SET_ANONYMOUS		= 0x1,
+	NFT_SET_CONSTANT		= 0x2,
+	NFT_SET_INTERVAL		= 0x4,
+	NFT_SET_MAP			= 0x8,
+	NFT_SET_TIMEOUT			= 0x10,
+	NFT_SET_EVAL			= 0x20,
+	NFT_SET_OBJECT			= 0x40,
+	NFT_SET_CONCAT			= 0x80,
+	NFT_SET_EXPR			= 0x100,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_policies - set selection policy
+ *
+ * @NFT_SET_POL_PERFORMANCE: prefer high performance over low memory use
+ * @NFT_SET_POL_MEMORY: prefer low memory use over high performance
+ */
+enum nft_set_policies {
+	NFT_SET_POL_PERFORMANCE,
+	NFT_SET_POL_MEMORY,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_desc_attributes - set element description
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SET_DESC_SIZE: number of elements in set (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_DESC_CONCAT: description of field concatenation (NLA_NESTED)
+ */
+enum nft_set_desc_attributes {
+	NFTA_SET_DESC_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SET_DESC_SIZE,
+	NFTA_SET_DESC_CONCAT,
+	__NFTA_SET_DESC_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SET_DESC_MAX	(__NFTA_SET_DESC_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_field_attributes - attributes of concatenated fields
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SET_FIELD_LEN: length of single field, in bits (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_set_field_attributes {
+	NFTA_SET_FIELD_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SET_FIELD_LEN,
+	__NFTA_SET_FIELD_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SET_FIELD_MAX	(__NFTA_SET_FIELD_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_attributes - nf_tables set netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SET_TABLE: table name (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_SET_NAME: set name (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_SET_FLAGS: bitmask of enum nft_set_flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_KEY_TYPE: key data type, informational purpose only (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_KEY_LEN: key data length (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_DATA_TYPE: mapping data type (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_DATA_LEN: mapping data length (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_POLICY: selection policy (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_DESC: set description (NLA_NESTED)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ID: uniquely identifies a set in a transaction (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_TIMEOUT: default timeout value (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_SET_GC_INTERVAL: garbage collection interval (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_SET_OBJ_TYPE: stateful object type (NLA_U32: NFT_OBJECT_*)
+ * @NFTA_SET_HANDLE: set handle (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_SET_EXPR: set expression (NLA_NESTED: nft_expr_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_SET_EXPRESSIONS: list of expressions (NLA_NESTED: nft_list_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_set_attributes {
+	NFTA_SET_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SET_TABLE,
+	NFTA_SET_NAME,
+	NFTA_SET_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_SET_KEY_TYPE,
+	NFTA_SET_KEY_LEN,
+	NFTA_SET_DATA_TYPE,
+	NFTA_SET_DATA_LEN,
+	NFTA_SET_POLICY,
+	NFTA_SET_DESC,
+	NFTA_SET_ID,
+	NFTA_SET_TIMEOUT,
+	NFTA_SET_GC_INTERVAL,
+	NFTA_SET_USERDATA,
+	NFTA_SET_PAD,
+	NFTA_SET_OBJ_TYPE,
+	NFTA_SET_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_SET_EXPR,
+	NFTA_SET_EXPRESSIONS,
+	__NFTA_SET_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SET_MAX		(__NFTA_SET_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_elem_flags - nf_tables set element flags
+ *
+ * @NFT_SET_ELEM_INTERVAL_END: element ends the previous interval
+ * @NFT_SET_ELEM_CATCHALL: special catch-all element
+ */
+enum nft_set_elem_flags {
+	NFT_SET_ELEM_INTERVAL_END	= 0x1,
+	NFT_SET_ELEM_CATCHALL		= 0x2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_elem_attributes - nf_tables set element netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY: key value (NLA_NESTED: nft_data)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA: data value of mapping (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_FLAGS: bitmask of nft_set_elem_flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_TIMEOUT: timeout value (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION: expiration time (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPR: expression (NLA_NESTED: nft_expr_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_OBJREF: stateful object reference (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY_END: closing key value (NLA_NESTED: nft_data)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPRESSIONS: list of expressions (NLA_NESTED: nft_list_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_set_elem_attributes {
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_TIMEOUT,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPIRATION,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_USERDATA,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPR,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_PAD,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_OBJREF,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY_END,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_EXPRESSIONS,
+	__NFTA_SET_ELEM_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SET_ELEM_MAX	(__NFTA_SET_ELEM_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_set_elem_list_attributes - nf_tables set element list netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_TABLE: table of the set to be changed (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET: name of the set to be changed (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_ELEMENTS: list of set elements (NLA_NESTED: nft_set_elem_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET_ID: uniquely identifies a set in a transaction (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_set_elem_list_attributes {
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_TABLE,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_ELEMENTS,
+	NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET_ID,
+	__NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_MAX	(__NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_data_types - nf_tables data types
+ *
+ * @NFT_DATA_VALUE: generic data
+ * @NFT_DATA_VERDICT: netfilter verdict
+ *
+ * The type of data is usually determined by the kernel directly and is not
+ * explicitly specified by userspace. The only difference are sets, where
+ * userspace specifies the key and mapping data types.
+ *
+ * The values 0xffffff00-0xffffffff are reserved for internally used types.
+ * The remaining range can be freely used by userspace to encode types, all
+ * values are equivalent to NFT_DATA_VALUE.
+ */
+enum nft_data_types {
+	NFT_DATA_VALUE,
+	NFT_DATA_VERDICT	= 0xffffff00U,
+};
+
+#define NFT_DATA_RESERVED_MASK	0xffffff00U
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_data_attributes - nf_tables data netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_DATA_VALUE: generic data (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_DATA_VERDICT: nf_tables verdict (NLA_NESTED: nft_verdict_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_data_attributes {
+	NFTA_DATA_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_DATA_VALUE,
+	NFTA_DATA_VERDICT,
+	__NFTA_DATA_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_DATA_MAX		(__NFTA_DATA_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Maximum length of a value */
+#define NFT_DATA_VALUE_MAXLEN	64
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_verdict_attributes - nf_tables verdict netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_VERDICT_CODE: nf_tables verdict (NLA_U32: enum nft_verdicts)
+ * @NFTA_VERDICT_CHAIN: jump target chain name (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_VERDICT_CHAIN_ID: jump target chain ID (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_verdict_attributes {
+	NFTA_VERDICT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_VERDICT_CODE,
+	NFTA_VERDICT_CHAIN,
+	NFTA_VERDICT_CHAIN_ID,
+	__NFTA_VERDICT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_VERDICT_MAX	(__NFTA_VERDICT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_expr_attributes - nf_tables expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_EXPR_NAME: name of the expression type (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_EXPR_DATA: type specific data (NLA_NESTED)
+ */
+enum nft_expr_attributes {
+	NFTA_EXPR_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_EXPR_NAME,
+	NFTA_EXPR_DATA,
+	__NFTA_EXPR_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_EXPR_MAX		(__NFTA_EXPR_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_immediate_attributes - nf_tables immediate expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_IMMEDIATE_DREG: destination register to load data into (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_IMMEDIATE_DATA: data to load (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_immediate_attributes {
+	NFTA_IMMEDIATE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_IMMEDIATE_DREG,
+	NFTA_IMMEDIATE_DATA,
+	__NFTA_IMMEDIATE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_IMMEDIATE_MAX	(__NFTA_IMMEDIATE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_bitwise_ops - nf_tables bitwise operations
+ *
+ * @NFT_BITWISE_BOOL: mask-and-xor operation used to implement NOT, AND, OR and
+ *                    XOR boolean operations
+ * @NFT_BITWISE_LSHIFT: left-shift operation
+ * @NFT_BITWISE_RSHIFT: right-shift operation
+ */
+enum nft_bitwise_ops {
+	NFT_BITWISE_BOOL,
+	NFT_BITWISE_LSHIFT,
+	NFT_BITWISE_RSHIFT,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_bitwise_attributes - nf_tables bitwise expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_SREG: source register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_LEN: length of operands (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_MASK: mask value (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_XOR: xor value (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_OP: type of operation (NLA_U32: nft_bitwise_ops)
+ * @NFTA_BITWISE_DATA: argument for non-boolean operations
+ *                     (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ *
+ * The bitwise expression supports boolean and shift operations.  It implements
+ * the boolean operations by performing the following operation:
+ *
+ * dreg = (sreg & mask) ^ xor
+ *
+ * with these mask and xor values:
+ *
+ * 		mask	xor
+ * NOT:		1	1
+ * OR:		~x	x
+ * XOR:		1	x
+ * AND:		x	0
+ */
+enum nft_bitwise_attributes {
+	NFTA_BITWISE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_SREG,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_DREG,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_LEN,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_MASK,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_XOR,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_OP,
+	NFTA_BITWISE_DATA,
+	__NFTA_BITWISE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_BITWISE_MAX	(__NFTA_BITWISE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_byteorder_ops - nf_tables byteorder operators
+ *
+ * @NFT_BYTEORDER_NTOH: network to host operator
+ * @NFT_BYTEORDER_HTON: host to network operator
+ */
+enum nft_byteorder_ops {
+	NFT_BYTEORDER_NTOH,
+	NFT_BYTEORDER_HTON,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_byteorder_attributes - nf_tables byteorder expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_BYTEORDER_SREG: source register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_BYTEORDER_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_BYTEORDER_OP: operator (NLA_U32: enum nft_byteorder_ops)
+ * @NFTA_BYTEORDER_LEN: length of the data (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_BYTEORDER_SIZE: data size in bytes (NLA_U32: 2 or 4)
+ */
+enum nft_byteorder_attributes {
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_SREG,
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_DREG,
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_OP,
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_LEN,
+	NFTA_BYTEORDER_SIZE,
+	__NFTA_BYTEORDER_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_BYTEORDER_MAX	(__NFTA_BYTEORDER_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_cmp_ops - nf_tables relational operator
+ *
+ * @NFT_CMP_EQ: equal
+ * @NFT_CMP_NEQ: not equal
+ * @NFT_CMP_LT: less than
+ * @NFT_CMP_LTE: less than or equal to
+ * @NFT_CMP_GT: greater than
+ * @NFT_CMP_GTE: greater than or equal to
+ */
+enum nft_cmp_ops {
+	NFT_CMP_EQ,
+	NFT_CMP_NEQ,
+	NFT_CMP_LT,
+	NFT_CMP_LTE,
+	NFT_CMP_GT,
+	NFT_CMP_GTE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_cmp_attributes - nf_tables cmp expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_CMP_SREG: source register of data to compare (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_CMP_OP: cmp operation (NLA_U32: nft_cmp_ops)
+ * @NFTA_CMP_DATA: data to compare against (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_cmp_attributes {
+	NFTA_CMP_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CMP_SREG,
+	NFTA_CMP_OP,
+	NFTA_CMP_DATA,
+	__NFTA_CMP_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_CMP_MAX		(__NFTA_CMP_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_range_ops - nf_tables range operator
+ *
+ * @NFT_RANGE_EQ: equal
+ * @NFT_RANGE_NEQ: not equal
+ */
+enum nft_range_ops {
+	NFT_RANGE_EQ,
+	NFT_RANGE_NEQ,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_range_attributes - nf_tables range expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_RANGE_SREG: source register of data to compare (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_RANGE_OP: cmp operation (NLA_U32: nft_cmp_ops)
+ * @NFTA_RANGE_FROM_DATA: data range from (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_RANGE_TO_DATA: data range to (NLA_NESTED: nft_data_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_range_attributes {
+	NFTA_RANGE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_RANGE_SREG,
+	NFTA_RANGE_OP,
+	NFTA_RANGE_FROM_DATA,
+	NFTA_RANGE_TO_DATA,
+	__NFTA_RANGE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_RANGE_MAX		(__NFTA_RANGE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_lookup_flags {
+	NFT_LOOKUP_F_INV = (1 << 0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_lookup_attributes - nf_tables set lookup expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_LOOKUP_SET: name of the set where to look for (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_LOOKUP_SREG: source register of the data to look for (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_LOOKUP_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_LOOKUP_SET_ID: uniquely identifies a set in a transaction (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LOOKUP_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32: enum nft_lookup_flags)
+ */
+enum nft_lookup_attributes {
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_SET,
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_SREG,
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_DREG,
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_SET_ID,
+	NFTA_LOOKUP_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_LOOKUP_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_LOOKUP_MAX		(__NFTA_LOOKUP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_dynset_ops {
+	NFT_DYNSET_OP_ADD,
+	NFT_DYNSET_OP_UPDATE,
+	NFT_DYNSET_OP_DELETE,
+};
+
+enum nft_dynset_flags {
+	NFT_DYNSET_F_INV	= (1 << 0),
+	NFT_DYNSET_F_EXPR	= (1 << 1),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_dynset_attributes - dynset expression attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_SET_NAME: name of set the to add data to (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_SET_ID: uniquely identifier of the set in the transaction (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_OP: operation (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_SREG_KEY: source register of the key (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_SREG_DATA: source register of the data (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_TIMEOUT: timeout value for the new element (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_EXPR: expression (NLA_NESTED: nft_expr_attributes)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_DYNSET_EXPRESSIONS: list of expressions (NLA_NESTED: nft_list_attributes)
+ */
+enum nft_dynset_attributes {
+	NFTA_DYNSET_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_SET_NAME,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_SET_ID,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_OP,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_SREG_KEY,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_SREG_DATA,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_TIMEOUT,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_EXPR,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_PAD,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_DYNSET_EXPRESSIONS,
+	__NFTA_DYNSET_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_DYNSET_MAX		(__NFTA_DYNSET_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_payload_bases - nf_tables payload expression offset bases
+ *
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_LL_HEADER: link layer header
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_NETWORK_HEADER: network header
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_TRANSPORT_HEADER: transport header
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_INNER_HEADER: inner header / payload
+ */
+enum nft_payload_bases {
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_LL_HEADER,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_NETWORK_HEADER,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_TRANSPORT_HEADER,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_INNER_HEADER,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_TUN_HEADER,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_payload_csum_types - nf_tables payload expression checksum types
+ *
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_NONE: no checksumming
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_INET: internet checksum (RFC 791)
+ * @NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_SCTP: CRC-32c, for use in SCTP header (RFC 3309)
+ */
+enum nft_payload_csum_types {
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_NONE,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_INET,
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_CSUM_SCTP,
+};
+
+enum nft_payload_csum_flags {
+	NFT_PAYLOAD_L4CSUM_PSEUDOHDR = (1 << 0),
+};
+
+enum nft_inner_type {
+	NFT_INNER_UNSPEC	= 0,
+	NFT_INNER_VXLAN,
+	NFT_INNER_GENEVE,
+};
+
+enum nft_inner_flags {
+	NFT_INNER_HDRSIZE	= (1 << 0),
+	NFT_INNER_LL		= (1 << 1),
+	NFT_INNER_NH		= (1 << 2),
+	NFT_INNER_TH		= (1 << 3),
+};
+#define NFT_INNER_MASK		(NFT_INNER_HDRSIZE | NFT_INNER_LL | \
+				 NFT_INNER_NH | NFT_INNER_TH)
+
+enum nft_inner_attributes {
+	NFTA_INNER_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_INNER_NUM,
+	NFTA_INNER_TYPE,
+	NFTA_INNER_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_INNER_HDRSIZE,
+	NFTA_INNER_EXPR,
+	__NFTA_INNER_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_INNER_MAX	(__NFTA_INNER_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_payload_attributes - nf_tables payload expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_DREG: destination register to load data into (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_BASE: payload base (NLA_U32: nft_payload_bases)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_OFFSET: payload offset relative to base (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_LEN: payload length (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_SREG: source register to load data from (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_TYPE: checksum type (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_OFFSET: checksum offset relative to base (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_FLAGS: checksum flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_payload_attributes {
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_DREG,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_BASE,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_OFFSET,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_LEN,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_SREG,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_TYPE,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_OFFSET,
+	NFTA_PAYLOAD_CSUM_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_PAYLOAD_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_PAYLOAD_MAX	(__NFTA_PAYLOAD_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_exthdr_flags {
+	NFT_EXTHDR_F_PRESENT = (1 << 0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_exthdr_op - nf_tables match options
+ *
+ * @NFT_EXTHDR_OP_IPV6: match against ipv6 extension headers
+ * @NFT_EXTHDR_OP_TCP: match against tcp options
+ * @NFT_EXTHDR_OP_IPV4: match against ipv4 options
+ * @NFT_EXTHDR_OP_SCTP: match against sctp chunks
+ */
+enum nft_exthdr_op {
+	NFT_EXTHDR_OP_IPV6,
+	NFT_EXTHDR_OP_TCPOPT,
+	NFT_EXTHDR_OP_IPV4,
+	NFT_EXTHDR_OP_SCTP,
+	__NFT_EXTHDR_OP_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_EXTHDR_OP_MAX	(__NFT_EXTHDR_OP_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_exthdr_attributes - nf_tables extension header expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_TYPE: extension header type (NLA_U8)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_OFFSET: extension header offset (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_LEN: extension header length (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_FLAGS: extension header flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_OP: option match type (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_EXTHDR_SREG: option match type (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_exthdr_attributes {
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_DREG,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_TYPE,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_OFFSET,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_LEN,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_OP,
+	NFTA_EXTHDR_SREG,
+	__NFTA_EXTHDR_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_EXTHDR_MAX		(__NFTA_EXTHDR_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_meta_keys - nf_tables meta expression keys
+ *
+ * @NFT_META_LEN: packet length (skb->len)
+ * @NFT_META_PROTOCOL: packet ethertype protocol (skb->protocol), invalid in OUTPUT
+ * @NFT_META_PRIORITY: packet priority (skb->priority)
+ * @NFT_META_MARK: packet mark (skb->mark)
+ * @NFT_META_IIF: packet input interface index (dev->ifindex)
+ * @NFT_META_OIF: packet output interface index (dev->ifindex)
+ * @NFT_META_IIFNAME: packet input interface name (dev->name)
+ * @NFT_META_OIFNAME: packet output interface name (dev->name)
+ * @NFT_META_IIFTYPE: packet input interface type (dev->type)
+ * @NFT_META_OIFTYPE: packet output interface type (dev->type)
+ * @NFT_META_SKUID: originating socket UID (fsuid)
+ * @NFT_META_SKGID: originating socket GID (fsgid)
+ * @NFT_META_NFTRACE: packet nftrace bit
+ * @NFT_META_RTCLASSID: realm value of packet's route (skb->dst->tclassid)
+ * @NFT_META_SECMARK: packet secmark (skb->secmark)
+ * @NFT_META_NFPROTO: netfilter protocol
+ * @NFT_META_L4PROTO: layer 4 protocol number
+ * @NFT_META_BRI_IIFNAME: packet input bridge interface name
+ * @NFT_META_BRI_OIFNAME: packet output bridge interface name
+ * @NFT_META_PKTTYPE: packet type (skb->pkt_type), special handling for loopback
+ * @NFT_META_CPU: cpu id through smp_processor_id()
+ * @NFT_META_IIFGROUP: packet input interface group
+ * @NFT_META_OIFGROUP: packet output interface group
+ * @NFT_META_CGROUP: socket control group (skb->sk->sk_classid)
+ * @NFT_META_PRANDOM: a 32bit pseudo-random number
+ * @NFT_META_SECPATH: boolean, secpath_exists (!!skb->sp)
+ * @NFT_META_IIFKIND: packet input interface kind name (dev->rtnl_link_ops->kind)
+ * @NFT_META_OIFKIND: packet output interface kind name (dev->rtnl_link_ops->kind)
+ * @NFT_META_BRI_IIFPVID: packet input bridge port pvid
+ * @NFT_META_BRI_IIFVPROTO: packet input bridge vlan proto
+ * @NFT_META_TIME_NS: time since epoch (in nanoseconds)
+ * @NFT_META_TIME_DAY: day of week (from 0 = Sunday to 6 = Saturday)
+ * @NFT_META_TIME_HOUR: hour of day (in seconds)
+ * @NFT_META_SDIF: slave device interface index
+ * @NFT_META_SDIFNAME: slave device interface name
+ */
+enum nft_meta_keys {
+	NFT_META_LEN,
+	NFT_META_PROTOCOL,
+	NFT_META_PRIORITY,
+	NFT_META_MARK,
+	NFT_META_IIF,
+	NFT_META_OIF,
+	NFT_META_IIFNAME,
+	NFT_META_OIFNAME,
+	NFT_META_IFTYPE,
+#define NFT_META_IIFTYPE	NFT_META_IFTYPE
+	NFT_META_OIFTYPE,
+	NFT_META_SKUID,
+	NFT_META_SKGID,
+	NFT_META_NFTRACE,
+	NFT_META_RTCLASSID,
+	NFT_META_SECMARK,
+	NFT_META_NFPROTO,
+	NFT_META_L4PROTO,
+	NFT_META_BRI_IIFNAME,
+	NFT_META_BRI_OIFNAME,
+	NFT_META_PKTTYPE,
+	NFT_META_CPU,
+	NFT_META_IIFGROUP,
+	NFT_META_OIFGROUP,
+	NFT_META_CGROUP,
+	NFT_META_PRANDOM,
+	NFT_META_SECPATH,
+	NFT_META_IIFKIND,
+	NFT_META_OIFKIND,
+	NFT_META_BRI_IIFPVID,
+	NFT_META_BRI_IIFVPROTO,
+	NFT_META_TIME_NS,
+	NFT_META_TIME_DAY,
+	NFT_META_TIME_HOUR,
+	NFT_META_SDIF,
+	NFT_META_SDIFNAME,
+	__NFT_META_IIFTYPE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_rt_keys - nf_tables routing expression keys
+ *
+ * @NFT_RT_CLASSID: realm value of packet's route (skb->dst->tclassid)
+ * @NFT_RT_NEXTHOP4: routing nexthop for IPv4
+ * @NFT_RT_NEXTHOP6: routing nexthop for IPv6
+ * @NFT_RT_TCPMSS: fetch current path tcp mss
+ * @NFT_RT_XFRM: boolean, skb->dst->xfrm != NULL
+ */
+enum nft_rt_keys {
+	NFT_RT_CLASSID,
+	NFT_RT_NEXTHOP4,
+	NFT_RT_NEXTHOP6,
+	NFT_RT_TCPMSS,
+	NFT_RT_XFRM,
+	__NFT_RT_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_RT_MAX		(__NFT_RT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_hash_types - nf_tables hash expression types
+ *
+ * @NFT_HASH_JENKINS: Jenkins Hash
+ * @NFT_HASH_SYM: Symmetric Hash
+ */
+enum nft_hash_types {
+	NFT_HASH_JENKINS,
+	NFT_HASH_SYM,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_hash_attributes - nf_tables hash expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_HASH_SREG: source register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_LEN: source data length (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_MODULUS: modulus value (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_SEED: seed value (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_OFFSET: add this offset value to hash result (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_TYPE: hash operation (NLA_U32: nft_hash_types)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_SET_NAME: name of the map to lookup (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_HASH_SET_ID: id of the map (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_hash_attributes {
+	NFTA_HASH_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_HASH_SREG,
+	NFTA_HASH_DREG,
+	NFTA_HASH_LEN,
+	NFTA_HASH_MODULUS,
+	NFTA_HASH_SEED,
+	NFTA_HASH_OFFSET,
+	NFTA_HASH_TYPE,
+	NFTA_HASH_SET_NAME,	/* deprecated */
+	NFTA_HASH_SET_ID,	/* deprecated */
+	__NFTA_HASH_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_HASH_MAX	(__NFTA_HASH_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_meta_attributes - nf_tables meta expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_META_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_META_KEY: meta data item to load (NLA_U32: nft_meta_keys)
+ * @NFTA_META_SREG: source register (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_meta_attributes {
+	NFTA_META_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_META_DREG,
+	NFTA_META_KEY,
+	NFTA_META_SREG,
+	__NFTA_META_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_META_MAX		(__NFTA_META_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_rt_attributes - nf_tables routing expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_RT_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_RT_KEY: routing data item to load (NLA_U32: nft_rt_keys)
+ */
+enum nft_rt_attributes {
+	NFTA_RT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_RT_DREG,
+	NFTA_RT_KEY,
+	__NFTA_RT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_RT_MAX		(__NFTA_RT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_socket_attributes - nf_tables socket expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SOCKET_KEY: socket key to match
+ * @NFTA_SOCKET_DREG: destination register
+ * @NFTA_SOCKET_LEVEL: cgroups2 ancestor level (only for cgroupsv2)
+ */
+enum nft_socket_attributes {
+	NFTA_SOCKET_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SOCKET_KEY,
+	NFTA_SOCKET_DREG,
+	NFTA_SOCKET_LEVEL,
+	__NFTA_SOCKET_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_SOCKET_MAX		(__NFTA_SOCKET_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * enum nft_socket_keys - nf_tables socket expression keys
+ *
+ * @NFT_SOCKET_TRANSPARENT: Value of the IP(V6)_TRANSPARENT socket option
+ * @NFT_SOCKET_MARK: Value of the socket mark
+ * @NFT_SOCKET_WILDCARD: Whether the socket is zero-bound (e.g. 0.0.0.0 or ::0)
+ * @NFT_SOCKET_CGROUPV2: Match on cgroups version 2
+ */
+enum nft_socket_keys {
+	NFT_SOCKET_TRANSPARENT,
+	NFT_SOCKET_MARK,
+	NFT_SOCKET_WILDCARD,
+	NFT_SOCKET_CGROUPV2,
+	__NFT_SOCKET_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_SOCKET_MAX	(__NFT_SOCKET_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_ct_keys - nf_tables ct expression keys
+ *
+ * @NFT_CT_STATE: conntrack state (bitmask of enum ip_conntrack_info)
+ * @NFT_CT_DIRECTION: conntrack direction (enum ip_conntrack_dir)
+ * @NFT_CT_STATUS: conntrack status (bitmask of enum ip_conntrack_status)
+ * @NFT_CT_MARK: conntrack mark value
+ * @NFT_CT_SECMARK: conntrack secmark value
+ * @NFT_CT_EXPIRATION: relative conntrack expiration time in ms
+ * @NFT_CT_HELPER: connection tracking helper assigned to conntrack
+ * @NFT_CT_L3PROTOCOL: conntrack layer 3 protocol
+ * @NFT_CT_SRC: conntrack layer 3 protocol source (IPv4/IPv6 address, deprecated)
+ * @NFT_CT_DST: conntrack layer 3 protocol destination (IPv4/IPv6 address, deprecated)
+ * @NFT_CT_PROTOCOL: conntrack layer 4 protocol
+ * @NFT_CT_PROTO_SRC: conntrack layer 4 protocol source
+ * @NFT_CT_PROTO_DST: conntrack layer 4 protocol destination
+ * @NFT_CT_LABELS: conntrack labels
+ * @NFT_CT_PKTS: conntrack packets
+ * @NFT_CT_BYTES: conntrack bytes
+ * @NFT_CT_AVGPKT: conntrack average bytes per packet
+ * @NFT_CT_ZONE: conntrack zone
+ * @NFT_CT_EVENTMASK: ctnetlink events to be generated for this conntrack
+ * @NFT_CT_SRC_IP: conntrack layer 3 protocol source (IPv4 address)
+ * @NFT_CT_DST_IP: conntrack layer 3 protocol destination (IPv4 address)
+ * @NFT_CT_SRC_IP6: conntrack layer 3 protocol source (IPv6 address)
+ * @NFT_CT_DST_IP6: conntrack layer 3 protocol destination (IPv6 address)
+ * @NFT_CT_ID: conntrack id
+ */
+enum nft_ct_keys {
+	NFT_CT_STATE,
+	NFT_CT_DIRECTION,
+	NFT_CT_STATUS,
+	NFT_CT_MARK,
+	NFT_CT_SECMARK,
+	NFT_CT_EXPIRATION,
+	NFT_CT_HELPER,
+	NFT_CT_L3PROTOCOL,
+	NFT_CT_SRC,
+	NFT_CT_DST,
+	NFT_CT_PROTOCOL,
+	NFT_CT_PROTO_SRC,
+	NFT_CT_PROTO_DST,
+	NFT_CT_LABELS,
+	NFT_CT_PKTS,
+	NFT_CT_BYTES,
+	NFT_CT_AVGPKT,
+	NFT_CT_ZONE,
+	NFT_CT_EVENTMASK,
+	NFT_CT_SRC_IP,
+	NFT_CT_DST_IP,
+	NFT_CT_SRC_IP6,
+	NFT_CT_DST_IP6,
+	NFT_CT_ID,
+	__NFT_CT_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_CT_MAX		(__NFT_CT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_ct_attributes - nf_tables ct expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_CT_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_CT_KEY: conntrack data item to load (NLA_U32: nft_ct_keys)
+ * @NFTA_CT_DIRECTION: direction in case of directional keys (NLA_U8)
+ * @NFTA_CT_SREG: source register (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_ct_attributes {
+	NFTA_CT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CT_DREG,
+	NFTA_CT_KEY,
+	NFTA_CT_DIRECTION,
+	NFTA_CT_SREG,
+	__NFTA_CT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_CT_MAX		(__NFTA_CT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_flow_attributes - ct offload expression attributes
+ * @NFTA_FLOW_TABLE_NAME: flow table name (NLA_STRING)
+ */
+enum nft_offload_attributes {
+	NFTA_FLOW_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_FLOW_TABLE_NAME,
+	__NFTA_FLOW_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_FLOW_MAX		(__NFTA_FLOW_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_limit_type {
+	NFT_LIMIT_PKTS,
+	NFT_LIMIT_PKT_BYTES
+};
+
+enum nft_limit_flags {
+	NFT_LIMIT_F_INV	= (1 << 0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_limit_attributes - nf_tables limit expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_LIMIT_RATE: refill rate (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_LIMIT_UNIT: refill unit (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_LIMIT_BURST: burst (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LIMIT_TYPE: type of limit (NLA_U32: enum nft_limit_type)
+ * @NFTA_LIMIT_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32: enum nft_limit_flags)
+ */
+enum nft_limit_attributes {
+	NFTA_LIMIT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_RATE,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_UNIT,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_BURST,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_TYPE,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_LIMIT_PAD,
+	__NFTA_LIMIT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_LIMIT_MAX		(__NFTA_LIMIT_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_connlimit_flags {
+	NFT_CONNLIMIT_F_INV	= (1 << 0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_connlimit_attributes - nf_tables connlimit expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_CONNLIMIT_COUNT: number of connections (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_CONNLIMIT_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32: enum nft_connlimit_flags)
+ */
+enum nft_connlimit_attributes {
+	NFTA_CONNLIMIT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CONNLIMIT_COUNT,
+	NFTA_CONNLIMIT_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_CONNLIMIT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_CONNLIMIT_MAX	(__NFTA_CONNLIMIT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_counter_attributes - nf_tables counter expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_COUNTER_BYTES: number of bytes (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_COUNTER_PACKETS: number of packets (NLA_U64)
+ */
+enum nft_counter_attributes {
+	NFTA_COUNTER_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_COUNTER_BYTES,
+	NFTA_COUNTER_PACKETS,
+	NFTA_COUNTER_PAD,
+	__NFTA_COUNTER_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_COUNTER_MAX	(__NFTA_COUNTER_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_last_attributes - nf_tables last expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_LAST_SET: last update has been set, zero means never updated (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LAST_MSECS: milliseconds since last update (NLA_U64)
+ */
+enum nft_last_attributes {
+	NFTA_LAST_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_LAST_SET,
+	NFTA_LAST_MSECS,
+	NFTA_LAST_PAD,
+	__NFTA_LAST_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_LAST_MAX	(__NFTA_LAST_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_log_attributes - nf_tables log expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_LOG_GROUP: netlink group to send messages to (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LOG_PREFIX: prefix to prepend to log messages (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_LOG_SNAPLEN: length of payload to include in netlink message (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LOG_QTHRESHOLD: queue threshold (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LOG_LEVEL: log level (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_LOG_FLAGS: logging flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_log_attributes {
+	NFTA_LOG_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_LOG_GROUP,
+	NFTA_LOG_PREFIX,
+	NFTA_LOG_SNAPLEN,
+	NFTA_LOG_QTHRESHOLD,
+	NFTA_LOG_LEVEL,
+	NFTA_LOG_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_LOG_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_LOG_MAX		(__NFTA_LOG_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_log_level - nf_tables log levels
+ *
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_EMERG: system is unusable
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_ALERT: action must be taken immediately
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_CRIT: critical conditions
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_ERR: error conditions
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_WARNING: warning conditions
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_NOTICE: normal but significant condition
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_INFO: informational
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG: debug-level messages
+ * @NFT_LOGLEVEL_AUDIT: enabling audit logging
+ */
+enum nft_log_level {
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_EMERG,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_ALERT,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_CRIT,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_ERR,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_WARNING,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_NOTICE,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_INFO,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG,
+	NFT_LOGLEVEL_AUDIT,
+	__NFT_LOGLEVEL_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_LOGLEVEL_MAX	(__NFT_LOGLEVEL_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_queue_attributes - nf_tables queue expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_QUEUE_NUM: netlink queue to send messages to (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_QUEUE_TOTAL: number of queues to load balance packets on (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_QUEUE_FLAGS: various flags (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_QUEUE_SREG_QNUM: source register of queue number (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ */
+enum nft_queue_attributes {
+	NFTA_QUEUE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_QUEUE_NUM,
+	NFTA_QUEUE_TOTAL,
+	NFTA_QUEUE_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_QUEUE_SREG_QNUM,
+	__NFTA_QUEUE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_QUEUE_MAX		(__NFTA_QUEUE_MAX - 1)
+
+#define NFT_QUEUE_FLAG_BYPASS		0x01 /* for compatibility with v2 */
+#define NFT_QUEUE_FLAG_CPU_FANOUT	0x02 /* use current CPU (no hashing) */
+#define NFT_QUEUE_FLAG_MASK		0x03
+
+enum nft_quota_flags {
+	NFT_QUOTA_F_INV		= (1 << 0),
+	NFT_QUOTA_F_DEPLETED	= (1 << 1),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_quota_attributes - nf_tables quota expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_QUOTA_BYTES: quota in bytes (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_QUOTA_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_QUOTA_CONSUMED: quota already consumed in bytes (NLA_U64)
+ */
+enum nft_quota_attributes {
+	NFTA_QUOTA_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_QUOTA_BYTES,
+	NFTA_QUOTA_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_QUOTA_PAD,
+	NFTA_QUOTA_CONSUMED,
+	__NFTA_QUOTA_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_QUOTA_MAX		(__NFTA_QUOTA_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_secmark_attributes - nf_tables secmark object netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SECMARK_CTX: security context (NLA_STRING)
+ */
+enum nft_secmark_attributes {
+	NFTA_SECMARK_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SECMARK_CTX,
+	__NFTA_SECMARK_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_SECMARK_MAX	(__NFTA_SECMARK_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Max security context length */
+#define NFT_SECMARK_CTX_MAXLEN		256
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_reject_types - nf_tables reject expression reject types
+ *
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMP_UNREACH: reject using ICMP unreachable
+ * @NFT_REJECT_TCP_RST: reject using TCP RST
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_UNREACH: abstracted ICMP unreachable for bridge and inet
+ */
+enum nft_reject_types {
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMP_UNREACH,
+	NFT_REJECT_TCP_RST,
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_UNREACH,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_reject_code - Generic reject codes for IPv4/IPv6
+ *
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_NO_ROUTE: no route to host / network unreachable
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_PORT_UNREACH: port unreachable
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_HOST_UNREACH: host unreachable
+ * @NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_ADMIN_PROHIBITED: administratively prohibited
+ *
+ * These codes are mapped to real ICMP and ICMPv6 codes.
+ */
+enum nft_reject_inet_code {
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_NO_ROUTE	= 0,
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_PORT_UNREACH,
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_HOST_UNREACH,
+	NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_ADMIN_PROHIBITED,
+	__NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_MAX	(__NFT_REJECT_ICMPX_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_reject_attributes - nf_tables reject expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_REJECT_TYPE: packet type to use (NLA_U32: nft_reject_types)
+ * @NFTA_REJECT_ICMP_CODE: ICMP code to use (NLA_U8)
+ */
+enum nft_reject_attributes {
+	NFTA_REJECT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_REJECT_TYPE,
+	NFTA_REJECT_ICMP_CODE,
+	__NFTA_REJECT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_REJECT_MAX		(__NFTA_REJECT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_nat_types - nf_tables nat expression NAT types
+ *
+ * @NFT_NAT_SNAT: source NAT
+ * @NFT_NAT_DNAT: destination NAT
+ */
+enum nft_nat_types {
+	NFT_NAT_SNAT,
+	NFT_NAT_DNAT,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_nat_attributes - nf_tables nat expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_NAT_TYPE: NAT type (NLA_U32: nft_nat_types)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_FAMILY: NAT family (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_REG_ADDR_MIN: source register of address range start (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_REG_ADDR_MAX: source register of address range end (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_REG_PROTO_MIN: source register of proto range start (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_REG_PROTO_MAX: source register of proto range end (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_NAT_FLAGS: NAT flags (see NF_NAT_RANGE_* in linux/netfilter/nf_nat.h) (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_nat_attributes {
+	NFTA_NAT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_NAT_TYPE,
+	NFTA_NAT_FAMILY,
+	NFTA_NAT_REG_ADDR_MIN,
+	NFTA_NAT_REG_ADDR_MAX,
+	NFTA_NAT_REG_PROTO_MIN,
+	NFTA_NAT_REG_PROTO_MAX,
+	NFTA_NAT_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_NAT_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_NAT_MAX		(__NFTA_NAT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_tproxy_attributes - nf_tables tproxy expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * NFTA_TPROXY_FAMILY: Target address family (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * NFTA_TPROXY_REG_ADDR: Target address register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * NFTA_TPROXY_REG_PORT: Target port register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ */
+enum nft_tproxy_attributes {
+	NFTA_TPROXY_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TPROXY_FAMILY,
+	NFTA_TPROXY_REG_ADDR,
+	NFTA_TPROXY_REG_PORT,
+	__NFTA_TPROXY_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TPROXY_MAX		(__NFTA_TPROXY_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_masq_attributes - nf_tables masquerade expression attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_MASQ_FLAGS: NAT flags (see NF_NAT_RANGE_* in linux/netfilter/nf_nat.h) (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_MASQ_REG_PROTO_MIN: source register of proto range start (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_MASQ_REG_PROTO_MAX: source register of proto range end (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ */
+enum nft_masq_attributes {
+	NFTA_MASQ_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_MASQ_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_MASQ_REG_PROTO_MIN,
+	NFTA_MASQ_REG_PROTO_MAX,
+	__NFTA_MASQ_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_MASQ_MAX		(__NFTA_MASQ_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_redir_attributes - nf_tables redirect expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_REDIR_REG_PROTO_MIN: source register of proto range start (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_REDIR_REG_PROTO_MAX: source register of proto range end (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_REDIR_FLAGS: NAT flags (see NF_NAT_RANGE_* in linux/netfilter/nf_nat.h) (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_redir_attributes {
+	NFTA_REDIR_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_REDIR_REG_PROTO_MIN,
+	NFTA_REDIR_REG_PROTO_MAX,
+	NFTA_REDIR_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_REDIR_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_REDIR_MAX		(__NFTA_REDIR_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_dup_attributes - nf_tables dup expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_DUP_SREG_ADDR: source register of address (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_DUP_SREG_DEV: source register of output interface (NLA_U32: nft_register)
+ */
+enum nft_dup_attributes {
+	NFTA_DUP_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_DUP_SREG_ADDR,
+	NFTA_DUP_SREG_DEV,
+	__NFTA_DUP_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_DUP_MAX		(__NFTA_DUP_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_fwd_attributes - nf_tables fwd expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_FWD_SREG_DEV: source register of output interface (NLA_U32: nft_register)
+ * @NFTA_FWD_SREG_ADDR: source register of destination address (NLA_U32: nft_register)
+ * @NFTA_FWD_NFPROTO: layer 3 family of source register address (NLA_U32: enum nfproto)
+ */
+enum nft_fwd_attributes {
+	NFTA_FWD_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_FWD_SREG_DEV,
+	NFTA_FWD_SREG_ADDR,
+	NFTA_FWD_NFPROTO,
+	__NFTA_FWD_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_FWD_MAX	(__NFTA_FWD_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_objref_attributes - nf_tables stateful object expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_OBJREF_IMM_TYPE: object type for immediate reference (NLA_U32: nft_register)
+ * @NFTA_OBJREF_IMM_NAME: object name for immediate reference (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_OBJREF_SET_SREG: source register of the data to look for (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_OBJREF_SET_NAME: name of the set where to look for (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_OBJREF_SET_ID: id of the set where to look for in this transaction (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_objref_attributes {
+	NFTA_OBJREF_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_OBJREF_IMM_TYPE,
+	NFTA_OBJREF_IMM_NAME,
+	NFTA_OBJREF_SET_SREG,
+	NFTA_OBJREF_SET_NAME,
+	NFTA_OBJREF_SET_ID,
+	__NFTA_OBJREF_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_OBJREF_MAX	(__NFTA_OBJREF_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_gen_attributes - nf_tables ruleset generation attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_GEN_ID: Ruleset generation ID (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_gen_attributes {
+	NFTA_GEN_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_GEN_ID,
+	NFTA_GEN_PROC_PID,
+	NFTA_GEN_PROC_NAME,
+	__NFTA_GEN_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_GEN_MAX		(__NFTA_GEN_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * enum nft_fib_attributes - nf_tables fib expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_FIB_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FIB_RESULT: desired result (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FIB_FLAGS: flowi fields to initialize when querying the FIB (NLA_U32)
+ *
+ * The FIB expression performs a route lookup according
+ * to the packet data.
+ */
+enum nft_fib_attributes {
+	NFTA_FIB_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_FIB_DREG,
+	NFTA_FIB_RESULT,
+	NFTA_FIB_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_FIB_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_FIB_MAX (__NFTA_FIB_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_fib_result {
+	NFT_FIB_RESULT_UNSPEC,
+	NFT_FIB_RESULT_OIF,
+	NFT_FIB_RESULT_OIFNAME,
+	NFT_FIB_RESULT_ADDRTYPE,
+	__NFT_FIB_RESULT_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_FIB_RESULT_MAX	(__NFT_FIB_RESULT_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_fib_flags {
+	NFTA_FIB_F_SADDR	= 1 << 0,	/* look up src */
+	NFTA_FIB_F_DADDR	= 1 << 1,	/* look up dst */
+	NFTA_FIB_F_MARK		= 1 << 2,	/* use skb->mark */
+	NFTA_FIB_F_IIF		= 1 << 3,	/* restrict to iif */
+	NFTA_FIB_F_OIF		= 1 << 4,	/* restrict to oif */
+	NFTA_FIB_F_PRESENT	= 1 << 5,	/* check existence only */
+};
+
+enum nft_ct_helper_attributes {
+	NFTA_CT_HELPER_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CT_HELPER_NAME,
+	NFTA_CT_HELPER_L3PROTO,
+	NFTA_CT_HELPER_L4PROTO,
+	__NFTA_CT_HELPER_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_CT_HELPER_MAX	(__NFTA_CT_HELPER_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_ct_timeout_timeout_attributes {
+	NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_L3PROTO,
+	NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_L4PROTO,
+	NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_DATA,
+	__NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_MAX	(__NFTA_CT_TIMEOUT_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_ct_expectation_attributes {
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_L3PROTO,
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_L4PROTO,
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_DPORT,
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_TIMEOUT,
+	NFTA_CT_EXPECT_SIZE,
+	__NFTA_CT_EXPECT_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_CT_EXPECT_MAX	(__NFTA_CT_EXPECT_MAX - 1)
+
+#define NFT_OBJECT_UNSPEC	0
+#define NFT_OBJECT_COUNTER	1
+#define NFT_OBJECT_QUOTA	2
+#define NFT_OBJECT_CT_HELPER	3
+#define NFT_OBJECT_LIMIT	4
+#define NFT_OBJECT_CONNLIMIT	5
+#define NFT_OBJECT_TUNNEL	6
+#define NFT_OBJECT_CT_TIMEOUT	7
+#define NFT_OBJECT_SECMARK	8
+#define NFT_OBJECT_CT_EXPECT	9
+#define NFT_OBJECT_SYNPROXY	10
+#define __NFT_OBJECT_MAX	11
+#define NFT_OBJECT_MAX		(__NFT_OBJECT_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_object_attributes - nf_tables stateful object netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_TABLE: name of the table containing the expression (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_NAME: name of this expression type (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_TYPE: stateful object type (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_DATA: stateful object data (NLA_NESTED)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_USE: number of references to this expression (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_HANDLE: object handle (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_OBJ_USERDATA: user data (NLA_BINARY)
+ */
+enum nft_object_attributes {
+	NFTA_OBJ_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_OBJ_TABLE,
+	NFTA_OBJ_NAME,
+	NFTA_OBJ_TYPE,
+	NFTA_OBJ_DATA,
+	NFTA_OBJ_USE,
+	NFTA_OBJ_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_OBJ_PAD,
+	NFTA_OBJ_USERDATA,
+	__NFTA_OBJ_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_OBJ_MAX		(__NFTA_OBJ_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_flowtable_flags - nf_tables flowtable flags
+ *
+ * @NFT_FLOWTABLE_HW_OFFLOAD: flowtable hardware offload is enabled
+ * @NFT_FLOWTABLE_COUNTER: enable flow counters
+ */
+enum nft_flowtable_flags {
+	NFT_FLOWTABLE_HW_OFFLOAD	= 0x1,
+	NFT_FLOWTABLE_COUNTER		= 0x2,
+	NFT_FLOWTABLE_MASK		= (NFT_FLOWTABLE_HW_OFFLOAD |
+					   NFT_FLOWTABLE_COUNTER)
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_flowtable_attributes - nf_tables flow table netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_TABLE: name of the table containing the expression (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_NAME: name of this flow table (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK: netfilter hook configuration(NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_USE: number of references to this flow table (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HANDLE: object handle (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_flowtable_attributes {
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_TABLE,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_NAME,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_USE,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_PAD,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_FLOWTABLE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_FLOWTABLE_MAX	(__NFTA_FLOWTABLE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_flowtable_hook_attributes - nf_tables flow table hook netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_NUM: netfilter hook number (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_PRIORITY: netfilter hook priority (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_DEVS: input devices this flow table is bound to (NLA_NESTED)
+ */
+enum nft_flowtable_hook_attributes {
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_NUM,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_PRIORITY,
+	NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_DEVS,
+	__NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_MAX	(__NFTA_FLOWTABLE_HOOK_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_osf_attributes - nftables osf expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_OSF_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32: nft_registers)
+ * @NFTA_OSF_TTL: Value of the TTL osf option (NLA_U8)
+ * @NFTA_OSF_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_osf_attributes {
+	NFTA_OSF_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_OSF_DREG,
+	NFTA_OSF_TTL,
+	NFTA_OSF_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_OSF_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_OSF_MAX (__NFTA_OSF_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_osf_flags {
+	NFT_OSF_F_VERSION = (1 << 0),
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_synproxy_attributes - nf_tables synproxy expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_SYNPROXY_MSS: mss value sent to the backend (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_SYNPROXY_WSCALE: wscale value sent to the backend (NLA_U8)
+ * @NFTA_SYNPROXY_FLAGS: flags (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_synproxy_attributes {
+	NFTA_SYNPROXY_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_SYNPROXY_MSS,
+	NFTA_SYNPROXY_WSCALE,
+	NFTA_SYNPROXY_FLAGS,
+	__NFTA_SYNPROXY_MAX,
+};
+#define NFTA_SYNPROXY_MAX (__NFTA_SYNPROXY_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_device_attributes - nf_tables device netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_DEVICE_NAME: name of this device (NLA_STRING)
+ */
+enum nft_devices_attributes {
+	NFTA_DEVICE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_DEVICE_NAME,
+	__NFTA_DEVICE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_DEVICE_MAX		(__NFTA_DEVICE_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * enum nft_xfrm_attributes - nf_tables xfrm expr netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_XFRM_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_XFRM_KEY: enum nft_xfrm_keys (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_XFRM_DIR: direction (NLA_U8)
+ * @NFTA_XFRM_SPNUM: index in secpath array (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_xfrm_attributes {
+	NFTA_XFRM_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_XFRM_DREG,
+	NFTA_XFRM_KEY,
+	NFTA_XFRM_DIR,
+	NFTA_XFRM_SPNUM,
+	__NFTA_XFRM_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_XFRM_MAX (__NFTA_XFRM_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_xfrm_keys {
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_UNSPEC,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_DADDR_IP4,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_DADDR_IP6,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_SADDR_IP4,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_SADDR_IP6,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_REQID,
+	NFT_XFRM_KEY_SPI,
+	__NFT_XFRM_KEY_MAX,
+};
+#define NFT_XFRM_KEY_MAX (__NFT_XFRM_KEY_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_trace_attributes - nf_tables trace netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_TABLE: name of the table (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_CHAIN: name of the chain (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_RULE_HANDLE: numeric handle of the rule (NLA_U64)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_TYPE: type of the event (NLA_U32: nft_trace_types)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_VERDICT: verdict returned by hook (NLA_NESTED: nft_verdicts)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_ID: pseudo-id, same for each skb traced (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_LL_HEADER: linklayer header (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_NETWORK_HEADER: network header (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_TRANSPORT_HEADER: transport header (NLA_BINARY)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_IIF: indev ifindex (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_IIFTYPE: netdev->type of indev (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_OIF: outdev ifindex (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_OIFTYPE: netdev->type of outdev (NLA_U16)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_MARK: nfmark (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_NFPROTO: nf protocol processed (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_TRACE_POLICY: policy that decided fate of packet (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_trace_attributes {
+	NFTA_TRACE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TRACE_TABLE,
+	NFTA_TRACE_CHAIN,
+	NFTA_TRACE_RULE_HANDLE,
+	NFTA_TRACE_TYPE,
+	NFTA_TRACE_VERDICT,
+	NFTA_TRACE_ID,
+	NFTA_TRACE_LL_HEADER,
+	NFTA_TRACE_NETWORK_HEADER,
+	NFTA_TRACE_TRANSPORT_HEADER,
+	NFTA_TRACE_IIF,
+	NFTA_TRACE_IIFTYPE,
+	NFTA_TRACE_OIF,
+	NFTA_TRACE_OIFTYPE,
+	NFTA_TRACE_MARK,
+	NFTA_TRACE_NFPROTO,
+	NFTA_TRACE_POLICY,
+	NFTA_TRACE_PAD,
+	__NFTA_TRACE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TRACE_MAX (__NFTA_TRACE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_trace_types {
+	NFT_TRACETYPE_UNSPEC,
+	NFT_TRACETYPE_POLICY,
+	NFT_TRACETYPE_RETURN,
+	NFT_TRACETYPE_RULE,
+	__NFT_TRACETYPE_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_TRACETYPE_MAX (__NFT_TRACETYPE_MAX - 1)
+
+/**
+ * enum nft_ng_attributes - nf_tables number generator expression netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFTA_NG_DREG: destination register (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_NG_MODULUS: maximum counter value (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_NG_TYPE: operation type (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_NG_OFFSET: offset to be added to the counter (NLA_U32)
+ * @NFTA_NG_SET_NAME: name of the map to lookup (NLA_STRING)
+ * @NFTA_NG_SET_ID: id of the map (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nft_ng_attributes {
+	NFTA_NG_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_NG_DREG,
+	NFTA_NG_MODULUS,
+	NFTA_NG_TYPE,
+	NFTA_NG_OFFSET,
+	NFTA_NG_SET_NAME,	/* deprecated */
+	NFTA_NG_SET_ID,		/* deprecated */
+	__NFTA_NG_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_NG_MAX	(__NFTA_NG_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_ng_types {
+	NFT_NG_INCREMENTAL,
+	NFT_NG_RANDOM,
+	__NFT_NG_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_NG_MAX	(__NFT_NG_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_key_ip_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_SRC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_DST,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_ip6_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_SRC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_DST,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_FLOWLABEL,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_opts_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_VXLAN,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_ERSPAN,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_GENEVE,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_opts_vxlan_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_VXLAN_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_VXLAN_GBP,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_VXLAN_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_VXLAN_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_VXLAN_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_opts_erspan_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_VERSION,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_V1_INDEX,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_V2_HWID,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_V2_DIR,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ERSPAN_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_opts_geneve_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_CLASS,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_TYPE,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_DATA,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_GENEVE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_flags {
+	NFT_TUNNEL_F_ZERO_CSUM_TX	= (1 << 0),
+	NFT_TUNNEL_F_DONT_FRAGMENT	= (1 << 1),
+	NFT_TUNNEL_F_SEQ_NUMBER		= (1 << 2),
+};
+#define NFT_TUNNEL_F_MASK	(NFT_TUNNEL_F_ZERO_CSUM_TX | \
+				 NFT_TUNNEL_F_DONT_FRAGMENT | \
+				 NFT_TUNNEL_F_SEQ_NUMBER)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_key_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_ID,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_IP6,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_FLAGS,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_TOS,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_TTL,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_SPORT,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_DPORT,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_OPTS,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_keys {
+	NFT_TUNNEL_PATH,
+	NFT_TUNNEL_ID,
+	__NFT_TUNNEL_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_TUNNEL_MAX	(__NFT_TUNNEL_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_mode {
+	NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_NONE,
+	NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_RX,
+	NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_TX,
+	__NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_MAX
+};
+#define NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_MAX	(__NFT_TUNNEL_MODE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum nft_tunnel_attributes {
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_UNSPEC,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_KEY,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_DREG,
+	NFTA_TUNNEL_MODE,
+	__NFTA_TUNNEL_MAX
+};
+#define NFTA_TUNNEL_MAX	(__NFTA_TUNNEL_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NF_TABLES_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h b/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cd58cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_NFNETLINK_H
+#define _UAPI_NFNETLINK_H
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink_compat.h>
+
+enum nfnetlink_groups {
+	NFNLGRP_NONE,
+#define NFNLGRP_NONE			NFNLGRP_NONE
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_NEW,
+#define NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_NEW		NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_NEW
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_UPDATE,
+#define NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_UPDATE	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_UPDATE
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_DESTROY,
+#define NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_DESTROY	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_DESTROY
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_NEW,
+#define	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_NEW	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_NEW
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_UPDATE,
+#define NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_UPDATE	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_UPDATE
+	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_DESTROY,
+#define NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_DESTROY	NFNLGRP_CONNTRACK_EXP_DESTROY
+	NFNLGRP_NFTABLES,
+#define NFNLGRP_NFTABLES                NFNLGRP_NFTABLES
+	NFNLGRP_ACCT_QUOTA,
+#define NFNLGRP_ACCT_QUOTA		NFNLGRP_ACCT_QUOTA
+	NFNLGRP_NFTRACE,
+#define NFNLGRP_NFTRACE			NFNLGRP_NFTRACE
+	__NFNLGRP_MAX,
+};
+#define NFNLGRP_MAX	(__NFNLGRP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* General form of address family dependent message.
+ */
+struct nfgenmsg {
+	__u8  nfgen_family;		/* AF_xxx */
+	__u8  version;		/* nfnetlink version */
+	__be16    res_id;		/* resource id */
+};
+
+#define NFNETLINK_V0	0
+
+/* netfilter netlink message types are split in two pieces:
+ * 8 bit subsystem, 8bit operation.
+ */
+
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_ID(x)	((x & 0xff00) >> 8)
+#define NFNL_MSG_TYPE(x)	(x & 0x00ff)
+
+/* No enum here, otherwise __stringify() trick of MODULE_ALIAS_NFNL_SUBSYS()
+ * won't work anymore */
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_NONE 		0
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK		1
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK_EXP	2
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_QUEUE		3
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_ULOG		4
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_OSF			5
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_IPSET		6
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_ACCT		7
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_CTNETLINK_TIMEOUT	8
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_CTHELPER		9
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES		10
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_NFT_COMPAT		11
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_HOOK		12
+#define NFNL_SUBSYS_COUNT		13
+
+/* Reserved control nfnetlink messages */
+#define NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN		NLMSG_MIN_TYPE
+#define NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END		NLMSG_MIN_TYPE+1
+
+/**
+ * enum nfnl_batch_attributes - nfnetlink batch netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NFNL_BATCH_GENID: generation ID for this changeset (NLA_U32)
+ */
+enum nfnl_batch_attributes {
+        NFNL_BATCH_UNSPEC,
+        NFNL_BATCH_GENID,
+        __NFNL_BATCH_MAX
+};
+#define NFNL_BATCH_MAX			(__NFNL_BATCH_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI_NFNETLINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/netlink.h b/src/basic/linux/netlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2ae82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/netlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_NETLINK_H
+#define _UAPI__LINUX_NETLINK_H
+
+#include <linux/const.h>
+#include <linux/socket.h> /* for __kernel_sa_family_t */
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#define NETLINK_ROUTE		0	/* Routing/device hook				*/
+#define NETLINK_UNUSED		1	/* Unused number				*/
+#define NETLINK_USERSOCK	2	/* Reserved for user mode socket protocols 	*/
+#define NETLINK_FIREWALL	3	/* Unused number, formerly ip_queue		*/
+#define NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG	4	/* socket monitoring				*/
+#define NETLINK_NFLOG		5	/* netfilter/iptables ULOG */
+#define NETLINK_XFRM		6	/* ipsec */
+#define NETLINK_SELINUX		7	/* SELinux event notifications */
+#define NETLINK_ISCSI		8	/* Open-iSCSI */
+#define NETLINK_AUDIT		9	/* auditing */
+#define NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP	10	
+#define NETLINK_CONNECTOR	11
+#define NETLINK_NETFILTER	12	/* netfilter subsystem */
+#define NETLINK_IP6_FW		13
+#define NETLINK_DNRTMSG		14	/* DECnet routing messages (obsolete) */
+#define NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT	15	/* Kernel messages to userspace */
+#define NETLINK_GENERIC		16
+/* leave room for NETLINK_DM (DM Events) */
+#define NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT	18	/* SCSI Transports */
+#define NETLINK_ECRYPTFS	19
+#define NETLINK_RDMA		20
+#define NETLINK_CRYPTO		21	/* Crypto layer */
+#define NETLINK_SMC		22	/* SMC monitoring */
+
+#define NETLINK_INET_DIAG	NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
+
+#define MAX_LINKS 32		
+
+struct sockaddr_nl {
+	__kernel_sa_family_t	nl_family;	/* AF_NETLINK	*/
+	unsigned short	nl_pad;		/* zero		*/
+	__u32		nl_pid;		/* port ID	*/
+       	__u32		nl_groups;	/* multicast groups mask */
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nlmsghdr - fixed format metadata header of Netlink messages
+ * @nlmsg_len:   Length of message including header
+ * @nlmsg_type:  Message content type
+ * @nlmsg_flags: Additional flags
+ * @nlmsg_seq:   Sequence number
+ * @nlmsg_pid:   Sending process port ID
+ */
+struct nlmsghdr {
+	__u32		nlmsg_len;
+	__u16		nlmsg_type;
+	__u16		nlmsg_flags;
+	__u32		nlmsg_seq;
+	__u32		nlmsg_pid;
+};
+
+/* Flags values */
+
+#define NLM_F_REQUEST		0x01	/* It is request message. 	*/
+#define NLM_F_MULTI		0x02	/* Multipart message, terminated by NLMSG_DONE */
+#define NLM_F_ACK		0x04	/* Reply with ack, with zero or error code */
+#define NLM_F_ECHO		0x08	/* Receive resulting notifications */
+#define NLM_F_DUMP_INTR		0x10	/* Dump was inconsistent due to sequence change */
+#define NLM_F_DUMP_FILTERED	0x20	/* Dump was filtered as requested */
+
+/* Modifiers to GET request */
+#define NLM_F_ROOT	0x100	/* specify tree	root	*/
+#define NLM_F_MATCH	0x200	/* return all matching	*/
+#define NLM_F_ATOMIC	0x400	/* atomic GET		*/
+#define NLM_F_DUMP	(NLM_F_ROOT|NLM_F_MATCH)
+
+/* Modifiers to NEW request */
+#define NLM_F_REPLACE	0x100	/* Override existing		*/
+#define NLM_F_EXCL	0x200	/* Do not touch, if it exists	*/
+#define NLM_F_CREATE	0x400	/* Create, if it does not exist	*/
+#define NLM_F_APPEND	0x800	/* Add to end of list		*/
+
+/* Modifiers to DELETE request */
+#define NLM_F_NONREC	0x100	/* Do not delete recursively	*/
+#define NLM_F_BULK	0x200	/* Delete multiple objects	*/
+
+/* Flags for ACK message */
+#define NLM_F_CAPPED	0x100	/* request was capped */
+#define NLM_F_ACK_TLVS	0x200	/* extended ACK TVLs were included */
+
+/*
+   4.4BSD ADD		NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_EXCL
+   4.4BSD CHANGE	NLM_F_REPLACE
+
+   True CHANGE		NLM_F_CREATE|NLM_F_REPLACE
+   Append		NLM_F_CREATE
+   Check		NLM_F_EXCL
+ */
+
+#define NLMSG_ALIGNTO	4U
+#define NLMSG_ALIGN(len) ( ((len)+NLMSG_ALIGNTO-1) & ~(NLMSG_ALIGNTO-1) )
+#define NLMSG_HDRLEN	 ((int) NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlmsghdr)))
+#define NLMSG_LENGTH(len) ((len) + NLMSG_HDRLEN)
+#define NLMSG_SPACE(len) NLMSG_ALIGN(NLMSG_LENGTH(len))
+#define NLMSG_DATA(nlh)  ((void *)(((char *)nlh) + NLMSG_HDRLEN))
+#define NLMSG_NEXT(nlh,len)	 ((len) -= NLMSG_ALIGN((nlh)->nlmsg_len), \
+				  (struct nlmsghdr *)(((char *)(nlh)) + \
+				  NLMSG_ALIGN((nlh)->nlmsg_len)))
+#define NLMSG_OK(nlh,len) ((len) >= (int)sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) && \
+			   (nlh)->nlmsg_len >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) && \
+			   (nlh)->nlmsg_len <= (len))
+#define NLMSG_PAYLOAD(nlh,len) ((nlh)->nlmsg_len - NLMSG_SPACE((len)))
+
+#define NLMSG_NOOP		0x1	/* Nothing.		*/
+#define NLMSG_ERROR		0x2	/* Error		*/
+#define NLMSG_DONE		0x3	/* End of a dump	*/
+#define NLMSG_OVERRUN		0x4	/* Data lost		*/
+
+#define NLMSG_MIN_TYPE		0x10	/* < 0x10: reserved control messages */
+
+struct nlmsgerr {
+	int		error;
+	struct nlmsghdr msg;
+	/*
+	 * followed by the message contents unless NETLINK_CAP_ACK was set
+	 * or the ACK indicates success (error == 0)
+	 * message length is aligned with NLMSG_ALIGN()
+	 */
+	/*
+	 * followed by TLVs defined in enum nlmsgerr_attrs
+	 * if NETLINK_EXT_ACK was set
+	 */
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nlmsgerr_attrs - nlmsgerr attributes
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_UNUSED: unused
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_MSG: error message string (string)
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_OFFS: offset of the invalid attribute in the original
+ *	 message, counting from the beginning of the header (u32)
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_COOKIE: arbitrary subsystem specific cookie to
+ *	be used - in the success case - to identify a created
+ *	object or operation or similar (binary)
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_POLICY: policy for a rejected attribute
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_MISS_TYPE: type of a missing required attribute,
+ *	%NLMSGERR_ATTR_MISS_NEST will not be present if the attribute was
+ *	missing at the message level
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_MISS_NEST: offset of the nest where attribute was missing
+ * @__NLMSGERR_ATTR_MAX: number of attributes
+ * @NLMSGERR_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nlmsgerr_attrs {
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_UNUSED,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_MSG,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_OFFS,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_COOKIE,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_POLICY,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_MISS_TYPE,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_MISS_NEST,
+
+	__NLMSGERR_ATTR_MAX,
+	NLMSGERR_ATTR_MAX = __NLMSGERR_ATTR_MAX - 1
+};
+
+#define NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP		1
+#define NETLINK_DROP_MEMBERSHIP		2
+#define NETLINK_PKTINFO			3
+#define NETLINK_BROADCAST_ERROR		4
+#define NETLINK_NO_ENOBUFS		5
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+#define NETLINK_RX_RING			6
+#define NETLINK_TX_RING			7
+#endif
+#define NETLINK_LISTEN_ALL_NSID		8
+#define NETLINK_LIST_MEMBERSHIPS	9
+#define NETLINK_CAP_ACK			10
+#define NETLINK_EXT_ACK			11
+#define NETLINK_GET_STRICT_CHK		12
+
+struct nl_pktinfo {
+	__u32	group;
+};
+
+struct nl_mmap_req {
+	unsigned int	nm_block_size;
+	unsigned int	nm_block_nr;
+	unsigned int	nm_frame_size;
+	unsigned int	nm_frame_nr;
+};
+
+struct nl_mmap_hdr {
+	unsigned int	nm_status;
+	unsigned int	nm_len;
+	__u32		nm_group;
+	/* credentials */
+	__u32		nm_pid;
+	__u32		nm_uid;
+	__u32		nm_gid;
+};
+
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+enum nl_mmap_status {
+	NL_MMAP_STATUS_UNUSED,
+	NL_MMAP_STATUS_RESERVED,
+	NL_MMAP_STATUS_VALID,
+	NL_MMAP_STATUS_COPY,
+	NL_MMAP_STATUS_SKIP,
+};
+
+#define NL_MMAP_MSG_ALIGNMENT		NLMSG_ALIGNTO
+#define NL_MMAP_MSG_ALIGN(sz)		__ALIGN_KERNEL(sz, NL_MMAP_MSG_ALIGNMENT)
+#define NL_MMAP_HDRLEN			NL_MMAP_MSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nl_mmap_hdr))
+#endif
+
+#define NET_MAJOR 36		/* Major 36 is reserved for networking 						*/
+
+enum {
+	NETLINK_UNCONNECTED = 0,
+	NETLINK_CONNECTED,
+};
+
+/*
+ *  <------- NLA_HDRLEN ------> <-- NLA_ALIGN(payload)-->
+ * +---------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
+ * |        Header       | Pad |     Payload       | Pad |
+ * |   (struct nlattr)   | ing |                   | ing |
+ * +---------------------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - -+
+ *  <-------------- nlattr->nla_len -------------->
+ */
+
+struct nlattr {
+	__u16           nla_len;
+	__u16           nla_type;
+};
+
+/*
+ * nla_type (16 bits)
+ * +---+---+-------------------------------+
+ * | N | O | Attribute Type                |
+ * +---+---+-------------------------------+
+ * N := Carries nested attributes
+ * O := Payload stored in network byte order
+ *
+ * Note: The N and O flag are mutually exclusive.
+ */
+#define NLA_F_NESTED		(1 << 15)
+#define NLA_F_NET_BYTEORDER	(1 << 14)
+#define NLA_TYPE_MASK		~(NLA_F_NESTED | NLA_F_NET_BYTEORDER)
+
+#define NLA_ALIGNTO		4
+#define NLA_ALIGN(len)		(((len) + NLA_ALIGNTO - 1) & ~(NLA_ALIGNTO - 1))
+#define NLA_HDRLEN		((int) NLA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nlattr)))
+
+/* Generic 32 bitflags attribute content sent to the kernel.
+ *
+ * The value is a bitmap that defines the values being set
+ * The selector is a bitmask that defines which value is legit
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *  value = 0x0, and selector = 0x1
+ *  implies we are selecting bit 1 and we want to set its value to 0.
+ *
+ *  value = 0x2, and selector = 0x2
+ *  implies we are selecting bit 2 and we want to set its value to 1.
+ *
+ */
+struct nla_bitfield32 {
+	__u32 value;
+	__u32 selector;
+};
+
+/*
+ * policy descriptions - it's specific to each family how this is used
+ * Normally, it should be retrieved via a dump inside another attribute
+ * specifying where it applies.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * enum netlink_attribute_type - type of an attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_INVALID: unused
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_FLAG: flag attribute (present/not present)
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_U8: 8-bit unsigned attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_U16: 16-bit unsigned attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_U32: 32-bit unsigned attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_U64: 64-bit unsigned attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_S8: 8-bit signed attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_S16: 16-bit signed attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_S32: 32-bit signed attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_S64: 64-bit signed attribute
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_BINARY: binary data, min/max length may be specified
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_STRING: string, min/max length may be specified
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_NUL_STRING: NUL-terminated string,
+ *	min/max length may be specified
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_NESTED: nested, i.e. the content of this attribute
+ *	consists of sub-attributes. The nested policy and maxtype
+ *	inside may be specified.
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_NESTED_ARRAY: nested array, i.e. the content of this
+ *	attribute contains sub-attributes whose type is irrelevant
+ *	(just used to separate the array entries) and each such array
+ *	entry has attributes again, the policy for those inner ones
+ *	and the corresponding maxtype may be specified.
+ * @NL_ATTR_TYPE_BITFIELD32: &struct nla_bitfield32 attribute
+ */
+enum netlink_attribute_type {
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_INVALID,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_FLAG,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_U8,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_U16,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_U32,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_U64,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_S8,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_S16,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_S32,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_S64,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_BINARY,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_STRING,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_NUL_STRING,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_NESTED,
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_NESTED_ARRAY,
+
+	NL_ATTR_TYPE_BITFIELD32,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum netlink_policy_type_attr - policy type attributes
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_UNSPEC: unused
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_TYPE: type of the attribute,
+ *	&enum netlink_attribute_type (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_VALUE_S: minimum value for signed
+ *	integers (S64)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_VALUE_S: maximum value for signed
+ *	integers (S64)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_VALUE_U: minimum value for unsigned
+ *	integers (U64)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_VALUE_U: maximum value for unsigned
+ *	integers (U64)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_LENGTH: minimum length for binary
+ *	attributes, no minimum if not given (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH: maximum length for binary
+ *	attributes, no maximum if not given (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_POLICY_IDX: sub policy for nested and
+ *	nested array types (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_POLICY_MAXTYPE: maximum sub policy
+ *	attribute for nested and nested array types, this can
+ *	in theory be < the size of the policy pointed to by
+ *	the index, if limited inside the nesting (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_BITFIELD32_MASK: valid mask for the
+ *	bitfield32 type (U32)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MASK: mask of valid bits for unsigned integers (U64)
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_PAD: pad attribute for 64-bit alignment
+ *
+ * @__NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX: number of attributes
+ * @NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum netlink_policy_type_attr {
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_TYPE,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_VALUE_S,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_VALUE_S,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_VALUE_U,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_VALUE_U,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MIN_LENGTH,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX_LENGTH,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_POLICY_IDX,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_POLICY_MAXTYPE,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_BITFIELD32_MASK,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_PAD,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MASK,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX,
+	NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX = __NL_POLICY_TYPE_ATTR_MAX - 1
+};
+
+#endif /* _UAPI__LINUX_NETLINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/nexthop.h b/src/basic/linux/nexthop.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ffa8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/nexthop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_NEXTHOP_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_NEXTHOP_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+struct nhmsg {
+	unsigned char	nh_family;
+	unsigned char	nh_scope;     /* return only */
+	unsigned char	nh_protocol;  /* Routing protocol that installed nh */
+	unsigned char	resvd;
+	unsigned int	nh_flags;     /* RTNH_F flags */
+};
+
+/* entry in a nexthop group */
+struct nexthop_grp {
+	__u32	id;	  /* nexthop id - must exist */
+	__u8	weight;   /* weight of this nexthop */
+	__u8	resvd1;
+	__u16	resvd2;
+};
+
+enum {
+	NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE_MPATH,  /* hash-threshold nexthop group
+				  * default type if not specified
+				  */
+	NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE_RES,    /* resilient nexthop group */
+	__NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE_MAX (__NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	NHA_UNSPEC,
+	NHA_ID,		/* u32; id for nexthop. id == 0 means auto-assign */
+
+	NHA_GROUP,	/* array of nexthop_grp */
+	NHA_GROUP_TYPE,	/* u16 one of NEXTHOP_GRP_TYPE */
+	/* if NHA_GROUP attribute is added, no other attributes can be set */
+
+	NHA_BLACKHOLE,	/* flag; nexthop used to blackhole packets */
+	/* if NHA_BLACKHOLE is added, OIF, GATEWAY, ENCAP can not be set */
+
+	NHA_OIF,	/* u32; nexthop device */
+	NHA_GATEWAY,	/* be32 (IPv4) or in6_addr (IPv6) gw address */
+	NHA_ENCAP_TYPE, /* u16; lwt encap type */
+	NHA_ENCAP,	/* lwt encap data */
+
+	/* NHA_OIF can be appended to dump request to return only
+	 * nexthops using given device
+	 */
+	NHA_GROUPS,	/* flag; only return nexthop groups in dump */
+	NHA_MASTER,	/* u32;  only return nexthops with given master dev */
+
+	NHA_FDB,	/* flag; nexthop belongs to a bridge fdb */
+	/* if NHA_FDB is added, OIF, BLACKHOLE, ENCAP cannot be set */
+
+	/* nested; resilient nexthop group attributes */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP,
+	/* nested; nexthop bucket attributes */
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET,
+
+	__NHA_MAX,
+};
+
+#define NHA_MAX	(__NHA_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_UNSPEC,
+	/* Pad attribute for 64-bit alignment. */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_PAD = NHA_RES_GROUP_UNSPEC,
+
+	/* u16; number of nexthop buckets in a resilient nexthop group */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_BUCKETS,
+	/* clock_t as u32; nexthop bucket idle timer (per-group) */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_IDLE_TIMER,
+	/* clock_t as u32; nexthop unbalanced timer */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_UNBALANCED_TIMER,
+	/* clock_t as u64; nexthop unbalanced time */
+	NHA_RES_GROUP_UNBALANCED_TIME,
+
+	__NHA_RES_GROUP_MAX,
+};
+
+#define NHA_RES_GROUP_MAX	(__NHA_RES_GROUP_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET_UNSPEC,
+	/* Pad attribute for 64-bit alignment. */
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET_PAD = NHA_RES_BUCKET_UNSPEC,
+
+	/* u16; nexthop bucket index */
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET_INDEX,
+	/* clock_t as u64; nexthop bucket idle time */
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET_IDLE_TIME,
+	/* u32; nexthop id assigned to the nexthop bucket */
+	NHA_RES_BUCKET_NH_ID,
+
+	__NHA_RES_BUCKET_MAX,
+};
+
+#define NHA_RES_BUCKET_MAX	(__NHA_RES_BUCKET_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/nl80211.h b/src/basic/linux/nl80211.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c14a91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/nl80211.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7726 @@
+#ifndef __LINUX_NL80211_H
+#define __LINUX_NL80211_H
+/*
+ * 802.11 netlink interface public header
+ *
+ * Copyright 2006-2010 Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
+ * Copyright 2008 Michael Wu <flamingice@sourmilk.net>
+ * Copyright 2008 Luis Carlos Cobo <luisca@cozybit.com>
+ * Copyright 2008 Michael Buesch <m@bues.ch>
+ * Copyright 2008, 2009 Luis R. Rodriguez <lrodriguez@atheros.com>
+ * Copyright 2008 Jouni Malinen <jouni.malinen@atheros.com>
+ * Copyright 2008 Colin McCabe <colin@cozybit.com>
+ * Copyright 2015-2017	Intel Deutschland GmbH
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This header file defines the userspace API to the wireless stack. Please
+ * be careful not to break things - i.e. don't move anything around or so
+ * unless you can demonstrate that it breaks neither API nor ABI.
+ *
+ * Additions to the API should be accompanied by actual implementations in
+ * an upstream driver, so that example implementations exist in case there
+ * are ever concerns about the precise semantics of the API or changes are
+ * needed, and to ensure that code for dead (no longer implemented) API
+ * can actually be identified and removed.
+ * Nonetheless, semantics should also be documented carefully in this file.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#define NL80211_GENL_NAME "nl80211"
+
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_CONFIG		"config"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_SCAN		"scan"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_REG		"regulatory"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_MLME		"mlme"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_VENDOR		"vendor"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_NAN		"nan"
+#define NL80211_MULTICAST_GROUP_TESTMODE	"testmode"
+
+#define NL80211_EDMG_BW_CONFIG_MIN	4
+#define NL80211_EDMG_BW_CONFIG_MAX	15
+#define NL80211_EDMG_CHANNELS_MIN	1
+#define NL80211_EDMG_CHANNELS_MAX	0x3c /* 0b00111100 */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Station handling
+ *
+ * Stations are added per interface, but a special case exists with VLAN
+ * interfaces. When a station is bound to an AP interface, it may be moved
+ * into a VLAN identified by a VLAN interface index (%NL80211_ATTR_STA_VLAN).
+ * The station is still assumed to belong to the AP interface it was added
+ * to.
+ *
+ * Station handling varies per interface type and depending on the driver's
+ * capabilities.
+ *
+ * For drivers supporting TDLS with external setup (WIPHY_FLAG_SUPPORTS_TDLS
+ * and WIPHY_FLAG_TDLS_EXTERNAL_SETUP), the station lifetime is as follows:
+ *  - a setup station entry is added, not yet authorized, without any rate
+ *    or capability information, this just exists to avoid race conditions
+ *  - when the TDLS setup is done, a single NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION is valid
+ *    to add rate and capability information to the station and at the same
+ *    time mark it authorized.
+ *  - %NL80211_TDLS_ENABLE_LINK is then used
+ *  - after this, the only valid operation is to remove it by tearing down
+ *    the TDLS link (%NL80211_TDLS_DISABLE_LINK)
+ *
+ * TODO: need more info for other interface types
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Frame transmission/registration support
+ *
+ * Frame transmission and registration support exists to allow userspace
+ * management entities such as wpa_supplicant react to management frames
+ * that are not being handled by the kernel. This includes, for example,
+ * certain classes of action frames that cannot be handled in the kernel
+ * for various reasons.
+ *
+ * Frame registration is done on a per-interface basis and registrations
+ * cannot be removed other than by closing the socket. It is possible to
+ * specify a registration filter to register, for example, only for a
+ * certain type of action frame. In particular with action frames, those
+ * that userspace registers for will not be returned as unhandled by the
+ * driver, so that the registered application has to take responsibility
+ * for doing that.
+ *
+ * The type of frame that can be registered for is also dependent on the
+ * driver and interface type. The frame types are advertised in wiphy
+ * attributes so applications know what to expect.
+ *
+ * NOTE: When an interface changes type while registrations are active,
+ *       these registrations are ignored until the interface type is
+ *       changed again. This means that changing the interface type can
+ *       lead to a situation that couldn't otherwise be produced, but
+ *       any such registrations will be dormant in the sense that they
+ *       will not be serviced, i.e. they will not receive any frames.
+ *
+ * Frame transmission allows userspace to send for example the required
+ * responses to action frames. It is subject to some sanity checking,
+ * but many frames can be transmitted. When a frame was transmitted, its
+ * status is indicated to the sending socket.
+ *
+ * For more technical details, see the corresponding command descriptions
+ * below.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Virtual interface / concurrency capabilities
+ *
+ * Some devices are able to operate with virtual MACs, they can have
+ * more than one virtual interface. The capability handling for this
+ * is a bit complex though, as there may be a number of restrictions
+ * on the types of concurrency that are supported.
+ *
+ * To start with, each device supports the interface types listed in
+ * the %NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_IFTYPES attribute, but by listing the
+ * types there no concurrency is implied.
+ *
+ * Once concurrency is desired, more attributes must be observed:
+ * To start with, since some interface types are purely managed in
+ * software, like the AP-VLAN type in mac80211 for example, there's
+ * an additional list of these, they can be added at any time and
+ * are only restricted by some semantic restrictions (e.g. AP-VLAN
+ * cannot be added without a corresponding AP interface). This list
+ * is exported in the %NL80211_ATTR_SOFTWARE_IFTYPES attribute.
+ *
+ * Further, the list of supported combinations is exported. This is
+ * in the %NL80211_ATTR_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS attribute. Basically,
+ * it exports a list of "groups", and at any point in time the
+ * interfaces that are currently active must fall into any one of
+ * the advertised groups. Within each group, there are restrictions
+ * on the number of interfaces of different types that are supported
+ * and also the number of different channels, along with potentially
+ * some other restrictions. See &enum nl80211_if_combination_attrs.
+ *
+ * All together, these attributes define the concurrency of virtual
+ * interfaces that a given device supports.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: packet coalesce support
+ *
+ * In most cases, host that receives IPv4 and IPv6 multicast/broadcast
+ * packets does not do anything with these packets. Therefore the
+ * reception of these unwanted packets causes unnecessary processing
+ * and power consumption.
+ *
+ * Packet coalesce feature helps to reduce number of received interrupts
+ * to host by buffering these packets in firmware/hardware for some
+ * predefined time. Received interrupt will be generated when one of the
+ * following events occur.
+ * a) Expiration of hardware timer whose expiration time is set to maximum
+ * coalescing delay of matching coalesce rule.
+ * b) Coalescing buffer in hardware reaches it's limit.
+ * c) Packet doesn't match any of the configured coalesce rules.
+ *
+ * User needs to configure following parameters for creating a coalesce
+ * rule.
+ * a) Maximum coalescing delay
+ * b) List of packet patterns which needs to be matched
+ * c) Condition for coalescence. pattern 'match' or 'no match'
+ * Multiple such rules can be created.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: WPA/WPA2 EAPOL handshake offload
+ *
+ * By setting @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_PSK flag drivers
+ * can indicate they support offloading EAPOL handshakes for WPA/WPA2
+ * preshared key authentication in station mode. In %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT
+ * the preshared key should be specified using %NL80211_ATTR_PMK. Drivers
+ * supporting this offload may reject the %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT when no
+ * preshared key material is provided, for example when that driver does
+ * not support setting the temporal keys through %NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY.
+ *
+ * Similarly @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_1X flag can be
+ * set by drivers indicating offload support of the PTK/GTK EAPOL
+ * handshakes during 802.1X authentication in station mode. In order to
+ * use the offload the %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT should have
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_WANT_1X_4WAY_HS attribute flag. Drivers supporting this
+ * offload may reject the %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT when the attribute flag is
+ * not present.
+ *
+ * By setting @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_AP_PSK flag drivers
+ * can indicate they support offloading EAPOL handshakes for WPA/WPA2
+ * preshared key authentication in AP mode. In %NL80211_CMD_START_AP
+ * the preshared key should be specified using %NL80211_ATTR_PMK. Drivers
+ * supporting this offload may reject the %NL80211_CMD_START_AP when no
+ * preshared key material is provided, for example when that driver does
+ * not support setting the temporal keys through %NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY.
+ *
+ * For 802.1X the PMK or PMK-R0 are set by providing %NL80211_ATTR_PMK
+ * using %NL80211_CMD_SET_PMK. For offloaded FT support also
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_PMKR0_NAME must be provided.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: FILS shared key authentication offload
+ *
+ * FILS shared key authentication offload can be advertized by drivers by
+ * setting @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_SK_OFFLOAD flag. The drivers that support
+ * FILS shared key authentication offload should be able to construct the
+ * authentication and association frames for FILS shared key authentication and
+ * eventually do a key derivation as per IEEE 802.11ai. The below additional
+ * parameters should be given to driver in %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT and/or in
+ * %NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_CONNECT_PARAMS.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_USERNAME - used to construct keyname_nai
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_REALM - used to construct keyname_nai
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_NEXT_SEQ_NUM - used to construct erp message
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_RRK - used to generate the rIK and rMSK
+ * rIK should be used to generate an authentication tag on the ERP message and
+ * rMSK should be used to derive a PMKSA.
+ * rIK, rMSK should be generated and keyname_nai, sequence number should be used
+ * as specified in IETF RFC 6696.
+ *
+ * When FILS shared key authentication is completed, driver needs to provide the
+ * below additional parameters to userspace, which can be either after setting
+ * up a connection or after roaming.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_KEK - used for key renewal
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_NEXT_SEQ_NUM - used in further EAP-RP exchanges
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_PMKID - used to identify the PMKSA used/generated
+ *	%Nl80211_ATTR_PMK - used to update PMKSA cache in userspace
+ * The PMKSA can be maintained in userspace persistently so that it can be used
+ * later after reboots or wifi turn off/on also.
+ *
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID is the cache identifier advertized by a FILS
+ * capable AP supporting PMK caching. It specifies the scope within which the
+ * PMKSAs are cached in an ESS. %NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA and
+ * %NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMKSA are enhanced to allow support for PMKSA caching based
+ * on FILS cache identifier. Additionally %NL80211_ATTR_PMK is used with
+ * %NL80211_SET_PMKSA to specify the PMK corresponding to a PMKSA for driver to
+ * use in a FILS shared key connection with PMKSA caching.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: SAE authentication offload
+ *
+ * By setting @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD flag drivers can indicate they
+ * support offloading SAE authentication for WPA3-Personal networks in station
+ * mode. Similarly @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD_AP flag can be set by
+ * drivers indicating the offload support in AP mode.
+ *
+ * The password for SAE should be specified using %NL80211_ATTR_SAE_PASSWORD in
+ * %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT and %NL80211_CMD_START_AP for station and AP mode
+ * respectively.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: VLAN offload support for setting group keys and binding STAs to VLANs
+ *
+ * By setting @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_VLAN_OFFLOAD flag drivers can indicate they
+ * support offloading VLAN functionality in a manner where the driver exposes a
+ * single netdev that uses VLAN tagged frames and separate VLAN-specific netdevs
+ * can then be added using RTM_NEWLINK/IFLA_VLAN_ID similarly to the Ethernet
+ * case. Frames received from stations that are not assigned to any VLAN are
+ * delivered on the main netdev and frames to such stations can be sent through
+ * that main netdev.
+ *
+ * %NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY (for group keys), %NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION, and
+ * %NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION will optionally specify vlan_id using
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_VLAN_ID.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: TID configuration
+ *
+ * TID config support can be checked in the %NL80211_ATTR_TID_CONFIG
+ * attribute given in wiphy capabilities.
+ *
+ * The necessary configuration parameters are mentioned in
+ * &enum nl80211_tid_config_attr and it will be passed to the
+ * %NL80211_CMD_SET_TID_CONFIG command in %NL80211_ATTR_TID_CONFIG.
+ *
+ * If the configuration needs to be applied for specific peer then the MAC
+ * address of the peer needs to be passed in %NL80211_ATTR_MAC, otherwise the
+ * configuration will be applied for all the connected peers in the vif except
+ * any peers that have peer specific configuration for the TID by default; if
+ * the %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_OVERRIDE flag is set, peer specific values
+ * will be overwritten.
+ *
+ * All this configuration is valid only for STA's current connection
+ * i.e. the configuration will be reset to default when the STA connects back
+ * after disconnection/roaming, and this configuration will be cleared when
+ * the interface goes down.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: FILS shared key crypto offload
+ *
+ * This feature is applicable to drivers running in AP mode.
+ *
+ * FILS shared key crypto offload can be advertised by drivers by setting
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_CRYPTO_OFFLOAD flag. The drivers that support
+ * FILS shared key crypto offload should be able to encrypt and decrypt
+ * association frames for FILS shared key authentication as per IEEE 802.11ai.
+ * With this capability, for FILS key derivation, drivers depend on userspace.
+ *
+ * After FILS key derivation, userspace shares the FILS AAD details with the
+ * driver and the driver stores the same to use in decryption of association
+ * request and in encryption of association response. The below parameters
+ * should be given to the driver in %NL80211_CMD_SET_FILS_AAD.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC - STA MAC address, used for storing FILS AAD per STA
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_KEK - Used for encryption or decryption
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_NONCES - Used for encryption or decryption
+ *			(STA Nonce 16 bytes followed by AP Nonce 16 bytes)
+ *
+ * Once the association is done, the driver cleans the FILS AAD data.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Multi-Link Operation
+ *
+ * In Multi-Link Operation, a connection between to MLDs utilizes multiple
+ * links. To use this in nl80211, various commands and responses now need
+ * to or will include the new %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINKS attribute.
+ * Additionally, various commands that need to operate on a specific link
+ * now need to be given the %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID attribute, e.g. to
+ * use %NL80211_CMD_START_AP or similar functions.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_commands - supported nl80211 commands
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNSPEC: unspecified command to catch errors
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY: request information about a wiphy or dump request
+ *	to get a list of all present wiphys.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_WIPHY: set wiphy parameters, needs %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY or
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX; can be used to set %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TXQ_PARAMS, %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET (and the attributes determining the
+ *	channel width; this is used for setting monitor mode channel),
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_SHORT, %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_LONG,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FRAG_THRESHOLD, and/or
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RTS_THRESHOLD.  However, for setting the channel,
+ *	see %NL80211_CMD_SET_CHANNEL instead, the support here is for backward
+ *	compatibility only.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_WIPHY: Newly created wiphy, response to get request
+ *	or rename notification. Has attributes %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_WIPHY: Wiphy deleted. Has attributes
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE: Request an interface's configuration;
+ *	either a dump request for all interfaces or a specific get with a
+ *	single %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is supported.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_INTERFACE: Set type of a virtual interface, requires
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX and %NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_INTERFACE: Newly created virtual interface or response
+ *	to %NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE. Has %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY and %NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE attributes. Can also
+ *	be sent from userspace to request creation of a new virtual interface,
+ *	then requires attributes %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY, %NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_INTERFACE: Virtual interface was deleted, has attributes
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY. Can also be sent from
+ *	userspace to request deletion of a virtual interface, then requires
+ *	attribute %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX. If multiple BSSID advertisements are
+ *	enabled using %NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_CONFIG, %NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_ELEMS,
+ *	and if this command is used for the transmitting interface, then all
+ *	the non-transmitting interfaces are deleted as well.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_KEY: Get sequence counter information for a key specified
+ *	by %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX and/or %NL80211_ATTR_MAC. %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *	represents peer's MLD address for MLO pairwise key. For MLO group key,
+ *	the link is identified by %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_KEY: Set key attributes %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT_MGMT, or %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_THRESHOLD.
+ *	For MLO connection, the link to set default key is identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY: add a key with given %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DATA,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX, %NL80211_ATTR_MAC, %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_CIPHER,
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_SEQ attributes. %NL80211_ATTR_MAC represents
+ *	peer's MLD address for MLO pairwise key. The link to add MLO
+ *	group key is identified by %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_KEY: delete a key identified by %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX
+ *	or %NL80211_ATTR_MAC. %NL80211_ATTR_MAC represents peer's MLD address
+ *	for MLO pairwise key. The link to delete group key is identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_BEACON: (not used)
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON: change the beacon on an access point interface
+ *	using the %NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_HEAD and %NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_TAIL
+ *	attributes. For drivers that generate the beacon and probe responses
+ *	internally, the following attributes must be provided: %NL80211_ATTR_IE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IE_PROBE_RESP and %NL80211_ATTR_IE_ASSOC_RESP.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_START_AP: Start AP operation on an AP interface, parameters
+ *	are like for %NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON, and additionally parameters that
+ *	do not change are used, these include %NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_INTERVAL,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_DTIM_PERIOD, %NL80211_ATTR_SSID,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_HIDDEN_SSID, %NL80211_ATTR_CIPHERS_PAIRWISE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_GROUP, %NL80211_ATTR_WPA_VERSIONS,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES, %NL80211_ATTR_PRIVACY,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE, %NL80211_ATTR_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_ACL_POLICY and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ADDRS.
+ *	The channel to use can be set on the interface or be given using the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET, and the
+ *	attributes determining channel width.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_BEACON: old alias for %NL80211_CMD_START_AP
+ * @NL80211_CMD_STOP_AP: Stop AP operation on the given interface
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_BEACON: old alias for %NL80211_CMD_STOP_AP
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_STATION: Get station attributes for station identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC on the interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION: Set station attributes for station identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC on the interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION: Add a station with given attributes to the
+ *	interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_STATION: Remove a station identified by %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *	or, if no MAC address given, all stations, on the interface identified
+ *	by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX. %NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE can optionally be used to specify which type
+ *	of disconnection indication should be sent to the station
+ *	(Deauthentication or Disassociation frame and reason code for that
+ *	frame).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_MPATH: Get mesh path attributes for mesh path to
+ * 	destination %NL80211_ATTR_MAC on the interface identified by
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MPATH:  Set mesh path attributes for mesh path to
+ * 	destination %NL80211_ATTR_MAC on the interface identified by
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_MPATH: Create a new mesh path for the destination given by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC via %NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_NEXT_HOP.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_MPATH: Delete a mesh path to the destination given by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_PATH: Add a mesh path with given attributes to the
+ *	interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_PATH: Remove a mesh path identified by %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *	or, if no MAC address given, all mesh paths, on the interface identified
+ *	by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_BSS: Set BSS attributes for BSS identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_REG: ask the wireless core to send us its currently set
+ *	regulatory domain. If %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY is specified and the device
+ *	has a private regulatory domain, it will be returned. Otherwise, the
+ *	global regdomain will be returned.
+ *	A device will have a private regulatory domain if it uses the
+ *	regulatory_hint() API. Even when a private regdomain is used the channel
+ *	information will still be mended according to further hints from
+ *	the regulatory core to help with compliance. A dump version of this API
+ *	is now available which will returns the global regdomain as well as
+ *	all private regdomains of present wiphys (for those that have it).
+ *	If a wiphy is self-managed (%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_SELF_MANAGED_REG), then
+ *	its private regdomain is the only valid one for it. The regulatory
+ *	core is not used to help with compliance in this case.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_REG: Set current regulatory domain. CRDA sends this command
+ *	after being queried by the kernel. CRDA replies by sending a regulatory
+ *	domain structure which consists of %NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA set to our
+ *	current alpha2 if it found a match. It also provides
+ * 	NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_FLAGS, and a set of regulatory rules. Each
+ * 	regulatory rule is a nested set of attributes  given by
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_FREQ_[START|END] and
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_MAX_BW with an attached power rule given by
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_POWER_MAX_ANT_GAIN and
+ * 	%NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_POWER_MAX_EIRP.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REQ_SET_REG: ask the wireless core to set the regulatory domain
+ * 	to the specified ISO/IEC 3166-1 alpha2 country code. The core will
+ * 	store this as a valid request and then query userspace for it.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_MESH_CONFIG: Get mesh networking properties for the
+ *	interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MESH_CONFIG: Set mesh networking properties for the
+ *      interface identified by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE: Set extra IEs for management frames. The
+ *	interface is identified with %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX and the management
+ *	frame subtype with %NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE. The extra IE data to be
+ *	added to the end of the specified management frame is specified with
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IE. If the command succeeds, the requested data will be
+ *	added to all specified management frames generated by
+ *	kernel/firmware/driver.
+ *	Note: This command has been removed and it is only reserved at this
+ *	point to avoid re-using existing command number. The functionality this
+ *	command was planned for has been provided with cleaner design with the
+ *	option to specify additional IEs in NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN,
+ *	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE, NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE,
+ *	NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE, and NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_SCAN: get scan results
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN: trigger a new scan with the given parameters
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_TX_NO_CCK_RATE is used to decide whether to send the
+ *	probe requests at CCK rate or not. %NL80211_ATTR_BSSID can be used to
+ *	specify a BSSID to scan for; if not included, the wildcard BSSID will
+ *	be used.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_SCAN_RESULTS: scan notification (as a reply to
+ *	NL80211_CMD_GET_SCAN and on the "scan" multicast group)
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SCAN_ABORTED: scan was aborted, for unspecified reasons,
+ *	partial scan results may be available
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_START_SCHED_SCAN: start a scheduled scan at certain
+ *	intervals and certain number of cycles, as specified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS. If %NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS is
+ *	not specified and only %NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_INTERVAL is specified,
+ *	scheduled scan will run in an infinite loop with the specified interval.
+ *	These attributes are mutually exculsive,
+ *	i.e. NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_INTERVAL must not be passed if
+ *	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS is defined.
+ *	If for some reason scheduled scan is aborted by the driver, all scan
+ *	plans are canceled (including scan plans that did not start yet).
+ *	Like with normal scans, if SSIDs (%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS)
+ *	are passed, they are used in the probe requests.  For
+ *	broadcast, a broadcast SSID must be passed (ie. an empty
+ *	string).  If no SSID is passed, no probe requests are sent and
+ *	a passive scan is performed.  %NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES,
+ *	if passed, define which channels should be scanned; if not
+ *	passed, all channels allowed for the current regulatory domain
+ *	are used.  Extra IEs can also be passed from the userspace by
+ *	using the %NL80211_ATTR_IE attribute.  The first cycle of the
+ *	scheduled scan can be delayed by %NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_DELAY
+ *	is supplied. If the device supports multiple concurrent scheduled
+ *	scans, it will allow such when the caller provides the flag attribute
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MULTI to indicate user-space support for it.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_STOP_SCHED_SCAN: stop a scheduled scan. Returns -ENOENT if
+ *	scheduled scan is not running. The caller may assume that as soon
+ *	as the call returns, it is safe to start a new scheduled scan again.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SCHED_SCAN_RESULTS: indicates that there are scheduled scan
+ *	results available.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SCHED_SCAN_STOPPED: indicates that the scheduled scan has
+ *	stopped.  The driver may issue this event at any time during a
+ *	scheduled scan.  One reason for stopping the scan is if the hardware
+ *	does not support starting an association or a normal scan while running
+ *	a scheduled scan.  This event is also sent when the
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_STOP_SCHED_SCAN command is received or when the interface
+ *	is brought down while a scheduled scan was running.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_SURVEY: get survey resuls, e.g. channel occupation
+ *      or noise level
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_SURVEY_RESULTS: survey data notification (as a reply to
+ *	NL80211_CMD_GET_SURVEY and on the "scan" multicast group)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA: Add a PMKSA cache entry using %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *	(for the BSSID), %NL80211_ATTR_PMKID, and optionally %NL80211_ATTR_PMK
+ *	(PMK is used for PTKSA derivation in case of FILS shared key offload) or
+ *	using %NL80211_ATTR_SSID, %NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_PMKID, and %NL80211_ATTR_PMK in case of FILS
+ *	authentication where %NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID is the identifier
+ *	advertized by a FILS capable AP identifying the scope of PMKSA in an
+ *	ESS.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMKSA: Delete a PMKSA cache entry, using %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *	(for the BSSID) and %NL80211_ATTR_PMKID or using %NL80211_ATTR_SSID,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID, and %NL80211_ATTR_PMKID in case of FILS
+ *	authentication.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_FLUSH_PMKSA: Flush all PMKSA cache entries.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE: indicates to userspace the regulatory domain
+ * 	has been changed and provides details of the request information
+ * 	that caused the change such as who initiated the regulatory request
+ * 	(%NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR), the wiphy_idx
+ * 	(%NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA2) on which the request was made from if
+ * 	the initiator was %NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_COUNTRY_IE or
+ * 	%NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_DRIVER, the type of regulatory domain
+ * 	set (%NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE), if the type of regulatory domain is
+ * 	%NL80211_REG_TYPE_COUNTRY the alpha2 to which we have moved on
+ * 	to (%NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA2).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT: indicates to userspace that an AP beacon
+ * 	has been found while world roaming thus enabling active scan or
+ * 	any mode of operation that initiates TX (beacons) on a channel
+ * 	where we would not have been able to do either before. As an example
+ * 	if you are world roaming (regulatory domain set to world or if your
+ * 	driver is using a custom world roaming regulatory domain) and while
+ * 	doing a passive scan on the 5 GHz band you find an AP there (if not
+ * 	on a DFS channel) you will now be able to actively scan for that AP
+ * 	or use AP mode on your card on that same channel. Note that this will
+ * 	never be used for channels 1-11 on the 2 GHz band as they are always
+ * 	enabled world wide. This beacon hint is only sent if your device had
+ * 	either disabled active scanning or beaconing on a channel. We send to
+ * 	userspace the wiphy on which we removed a restriction from
+ * 	(%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY) and the channel on which this occurred
+ * 	before (%NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_BEFORE) and after (%NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_AFTER)
+ * 	the beacon hint was processed.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE: authentication request and notification.
+ *	This command is used both as a command (request to authenticate) and
+ *	as an event on the "mlme" multicast group indicating completion of the
+ *	authentication process.
+ *	When used as a command, %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is used to identify the
+ *	interface. %NL80211_ATTR_MAC is used to specify PeerSTAAddress (and
+ *	BSSID in case of station mode). %NL80211_ATTR_SSID is used to specify
+ *	the SSID (mainly for association, but is included in authentication
+ *	request, too, to help BSS selection. %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ +
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET is used to specify the frequence of the
+ *	channel in MHz. %NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE is used to specify the
+ *	authentication type. %NL80211_ATTR_IE is used to define IEs
+ *	(VendorSpecificInfo, but also including RSN IE and FT IEs) to be added
+ *	to the frame.
+ *	When used as an event, this reports reception of an Authentication
+ *	frame in station and IBSS modes when the local MLME processed the
+ *	frame, i.e., it was for the local STA and was received in correct
+ *	state. This is similar to MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm primitive in the
+ *	MLME SAP interface (kernel providing MLME, userspace SME). The
+ *	included %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME attribute contains the management frame
+ *	(including both the header and frame body, but not FCS). This event is
+ *	also used to indicate if the authentication attempt timed out. In that
+ *	case the %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME attribute is replaced with a
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT flag (and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC to indicate which
+ *	pending authentication timed out).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE: association request and notification; like
+ *	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE but for Association and Reassociation
+ *	(similar to MLME-ASSOCIATE.request, MLME-REASSOCIATE.request,
+ *	MLME-ASSOCIATE.confirm or MLME-REASSOCIATE.confirm primitives). The
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_PREV_BSSID attribute is used to specify whether the
+ *	request is for the initial association to an ESS (that attribute not
+ *	included) or for reassociation within the ESS (that attribute is
+ *	included).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE: deauthentication request and notification; like
+ *	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE but for Deauthentication frames (similar to
+ *	MLME-DEAUTHENTICATION.request and MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication
+ *	primitives).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE: disassociation request and notification; like
+ *	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE but for Disassociation frames (similar to
+ *	MLME-DISASSOCIATE.request and MLME-DISASSOCIATE.indication primitives).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE: notification of a locally detected Michael
+ *	MIC (part of TKIP) failure; sent on the "mlme" multicast group; the
+ *	event includes %NL80211_ATTR_MAC to describe the source MAC address of
+ *	the frame with invalid MIC, %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_TYPE to show the key
+ *	type, %NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX to indicate the key identifier, and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_KEY_SEQ to indicate the TSC value of the frame; this
+ *	event matches with MLME-MICHAELMICFAILURE.indication() primitive
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS: Join a new IBSS -- given at least an SSID and a
+ *	FREQ attribute (for the initial frequency if no peer can be found)
+ *	and optionally a MAC (as BSSID) and FREQ_FIXED attribute if those
+ *	should be fixed rather than automatically determined. Can only be
+ *	executed on a network interface that is UP, and fixed BSSID/FREQ
+ *	may be rejected. Another optional parameter is the beacon interval,
+ *	given in the %NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_INTERVAL attribute, which if not
+ *	given defaults to 100 TU (102.4ms).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_IBSS: Leave the IBSS -- no special arguments, the IBSS is
+ *	determined by the network interface.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TESTMODE: testmode command, takes a wiphy (or ifindex) attribute
+ *	to identify the device, and the TESTDATA blob attribute to pass through
+ *	to the driver.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CONNECT: connection request and notification; this command
+ *	requests to connect to a specified network but without separating
+ *	auth and assoc steps. For this, you need to specify the SSID in a
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SSID attribute, and can optionally specify the association
+ *	IEs in %NL80211_ATTR_IE, %NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_USE_MFP, %NL80211_ATTR_MAC, %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET, %NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_ENCRYPT,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211, %NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT, and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_HINT.
+ *	If included, %NL80211_ATTR_MAC and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ are
+ *	restrictions on BSS selection, i.e., they effectively prevent roaming
+ *	within the ESS. %NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_HINT
+ *	can be included to provide a recommendation of the initial BSS while
+ *	allowing the driver to roam to other BSSes within the ESS and also to
+ *	ignore this recommendation if the indicated BSS is not ideal. Only one
+ *	set of BSSID,frequency parameters is used (i.e., either the enforcing
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC,%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ or the less strict
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT and %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_HINT).
+ *	Driver shall not modify the IEs specified through %NL80211_ATTR_IE if
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC is included. However, if %NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT is
+ *	included, these IEs through %NL80211_ATTR_IE are specified by the user
+ *	space based on the best possible BSS selected. Thus, if the driver ends
+ *	up selecting a different BSS, it can modify these IEs accordingly (e.g.
+ *	userspace asks the driver to perform PMKSA caching with BSS1 and the
+ *	driver ends up selecting BSS2 with different PMKSA cache entry; RSNIE
+ *	has to get updated with the apt PMKID).
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_PREV_BSSID can be used to request a reassociation within
+ *	the ESS in case the device is already associated and an association with
+ *	a different BSS is desired.
+ *	Background scan period can optionally be
+ *	specified in %NL80211_ATTR_BG_SCAN_PERIOD,
+ *	if not specified default background scan configuration
+ *	in driver is used and if period value is 0, bg scan will be disabled.
+ *	This attribute is ignored if driver does not support roam scan.
+ *	It is also sent as an event, with the BSSID and response IEs when the
+ *	connection is established or failed to be established. This can be
+ *	determined by the %NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE attribute (0 = success,
+ *	non-zero = failure). If %NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT is included in the
+ *	event, the connection attempt failed due to not being able to initiate
+ *	authentication/association or not receiving a response from the AP.
+ *	Non-zero %NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE value is indicated in that case as
+ *	well to remain backwards compatible.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ROAM: Notification indicating the card/driver roamed by itself.
+ *	When a security association was established on an 802.1X network using
+ *	fast transition, this event should be followed by an
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_PORT_AUTHORIZED event.
+ *	Following a %NL80211_CMD_ROAM event userspace can issue
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_GET_SCAN in order to obtain the scan information for the
+ *	new BSS the card/driver roamed to.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DISCONNECT: drop a given connection; also used to notify
+ *	userspace that a connection was dropped by the AP or due to other
+ *	reasons, for this the %NL80211_ATTR_DISCONNECTED_BY_AP and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE attributes are used.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_WIPHY_NETNS: Set a wiphy's netns. Note that all devices
+ *	associated with this wiphy must be down and will follow.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL: Request to remain awake on the specified
+ *	channel for the specified amount of time. This can be used to do
+ *	off-channel operations like transmit a Public Action frame and wait for
+ *	a response while being associated to an AP on another channel.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is used to specify which interface (and thus
+ *	radio) is used. %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ is used to specify the
+ *	frequency for the operation.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_DURATION is used to specify the duration in milliseconds
+ *	to remain on the channel. This command is also used as an event to
+ *	notify when the requested duration starts (it may take a while for the
+ *	driver to schedule this time due to other concurrent needs for the
+ *	radio).
+ *	When called, this operation returns a cookie (%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE)
+ *	that will be included with any events pertaining to this request;
+ *	the cookie is also used to cancel the request.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CANCEL_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL: This command can be used to cancel a
+ *	pending remain-on-channel duration if the desired operation has been
+ *	completed prior to expiration of the originally requested duration.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY or %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is used to specify the
+ *	radio. The %NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE attribute must be given as well to
+ *	uniquely identify the request.
+ *	This command is also used as an event to notify when a requested
+ *	remain-on-channel duration has expired.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_TX_BITRATE_MASK: Set the mask of rates to be used in TX
+ *	rate selection. %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is used to specify the interface
+ *	and @NL80211_ATTR_TX_RATES the set of allowed rates.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME: Register for receiving certain mgmt frames
+ *	(via @NL80211_CMD_FRAME) for processing in userspace. This command
+ *	requires an interface index, a frame type attribute (optional for
+ *	backward compatibility reasons, if not given assumes action frames)
+ *	and a match attribute containing the first few bytes of the frame
+ *	that should match, e.g. a single byte for only a category match or
+ *	four bytes for vendor frames including the OUI. The registration
+ *	cannot be dropped, but is removed automatically when the netlink
+ *	socket is closed. Multiple registrations can be made.
+ *	The %NL80211_ATTR_RECEIVE_MULTICAST flag attribute can be given if
+ *	%NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MULTICAST_REGISTRATIONS is available, in which
+ *	case the registration can also be modified to include/exclude the
+ *	flag, rather than requiring unregistration to change it.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_ACTION: Alias for @NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME for
+ *	backward compatibility
+ * @NL80211_CMD_FRAME: Management frame TX request and RX notification. This
+ *	command is used both as a request to transmit a management frame and
+ *	as an event indicating reception of a frame that was not processed in
+ *	kernel code, but is for us (i.e., which may need to be processed in a
+ *	user space application). %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME is used to specify the
+ *	frame contents (including header). %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ is used
+ *	to indicate on which channel the frame is to be transmitted or was
+ *	received. If this channel is not the current channel (remain-on-channel
+ *	or the operational channel) the device will switch to the given channel
+ *	and transmit the frame, optionally waiting for a response for the time
+ *	specified using %NL80211_ATTR_DURATION. When called, this operation
+ *	returns a cookie (%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE) that will be included with the
+ *	TX status event pertaining to the TX request.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_TX_NO_CCK_RATE is used to decide whether to send the
+ *	management frames at CCK rate or not in 2GHz band.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CSA_C_OFFSETS_TX is an array of offsets to CSA
+ *	counters which will be updated to the current value. This attribute
+ *	is used during CSA period.
+ *	For TX on an MLD, the frequency can be omitted and the link ID be
+ *	specified, or if transmitting to a known peer MLD (with MLD addresses
+ *	in the frame) both can be omitted and the link will be selected by
+ *	lower layers.
+ *	For RX notification, %NL80211_ATTR_RX_HW_TIMESTAMP may be included to
+ *	indicate the frame RX timestamp and %NL80211_ATTR_TX_HW_TIMESTAMP may
+ *	be included to indicate the ack TX timestamp.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_FRAME_WAIT_CANCEL: When an off-channel TX was requested, this
+ *	command may be used with the corresponding cookie to cancel the wait
+ *	time if it is known that it is no longer necessary.  This command is
+ *	also sent as an event whenever the driver has completed the off-channel
+ *	wait time.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ACTION: Alias for @NL80211_CMD_FRAME for backward compatibility.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS: Report TX status of a management frame
+ *	transmitted with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME. %NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE identifies
+ *	the TX command and %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME includes the contents of the
+ *	frame. %NL80211_ATTR_ACK flag is included if the recipient acknowledged
+ *	the frame. %NL80211_ATTR_TX_HW_TIMESTAMP may be included to indicate the
+ *	tx timestamp and %NL80211_ATTR_RX_HW_TIMESTAMP may be included to
+ *	indicate the ack RX timestamp.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ACTION_TX_STATUS: Alias for @NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS for
+ *	backward compatibility.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_POWER_SAVE: Set powersave, using %NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_POWER_SAVE: Get powersave status in %NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_CQM: Connection quality monitor configuration. This command
+ *	is used to configure connection quality monitoring notification trigger
+ *	levels.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM: Connection quality monitor notification. This
+ *	command is used as an event to indicate the that a trigger level was
+ *	reached.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_CHANNEL: Set the channel (using %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ
+ *	and the attributes determining channel width) the given interface
+ *	(identifed by %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX) shall operate on.
+ *	In case multiple channels are supported by the device, the mechanism
+ *	with which it switches channels is implementation-defined.
+ *	When a monitor interface is given, it can only switch channel while
+ *	no other interfaces are operating to avoid disturbing the operation
+ *	of any other interfaces, and other interfaces will again take
+ *	precedence when they are used.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_WDS_PEER: Set the MAC address of the peer on a WDS interface
+ *	(no longer supported).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MULTICAST_TO_UNICAST: Configure if this AP should perform
+ *	multicast to unicast conversion. When enabled, all multicast packets
+ *	with ethertype ARP, IPv4 or IPv6 (possibly within an 802.1Q header)
+ *	will be sent out to each station once with the destination (multicast)
+ *	MAC address replaced by the station's MAC address. Note that this may
+ *	break certain expectations of the receiver, e.g. the ability to drop
+ *	unicast IP packets encapsulated in multicast L2 frames, or the ability
+ *	to not send destination unreachable messages in such cases.
+ *	This can only be toggled per BSS. Configure this on an interface of
+ *	type %NL80211_IFTYPE_AP. It applies to all its VLAN interfaces
+ *	(%NL80211_IFTYPE_AP_VLAN), except for those in 4addr (WDS) mode.
+ *	If %NL80211_ATTR_MULTICAST_TO_UNICAST_ENABLED is not present with this
+ *	command, the feature is disabled.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_JOIN_MESH: Join a mesh. The mesh ID must be given, and initial
+ *	mesh config parameters may be given.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_MESH: Leave the mesh network -- no special arguments, the
+ *	network is determined by the network interface.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DEAUTHENTICATE: Unprotected deauthentication frame
+ *	notification. This event is used to indicate that an unprotected
+ *	deauthentication frame was dropped when MFP is in use.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DISASSOCIATE: Unprotected disassociation frame
+ *	notification. This event is used to indicate that an unprotected
+ *	disassociation frame was dropped when MFP is in use.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NEW_PEER_CANDIDATE: Notification on the reception of a
+ *      beacon or probe response from a compatible mesh peer.  This is only
+ *      sent while no station information (sta_info) exists for the new peer
+ *      candidate and when @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AUTH,
+ *      @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AMPE, or
+ *      @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_MPM is set.  On reception of this
+ *      notification, userspace may decide to create a new station
+ *      (@NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION).  To stop this notification from
+ *      reoccurring, the userspace authentication daemon may want to create the
+ *      new station with the AUTHENTICATED flag unset and maybe change it later
+ *      depending on the authentication result.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_WOWLAN: get Wake-on-Wireless-LAN (WoWLAN) settings.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_WOWLAN: set Wake-on-Wireless-LAN (WoWLAN) settings.
+ *	Since wireless is more complex than wired ethernet, it supports
+ *	various triggers. These triggers can be configured through this
+ *	command with the %NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS attribute. For
+ *	more background information, see
+ *	https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/WoWLAN.
+ *	The @NL80211_CMD_SET_WOWLAN command can also be used as a notification
+ *	from the driver reporting the wakeup reason. In this case, the
+ *	@NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS attribute will contain the reason
+ *	for the wakeup, if it was caused by wireless. If it is not present
+ *	in the wakeup notification, the wireless device didn't cause the
+ *	wakeup but reports that it was woken up.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_REKEY_OFFLOAD: This command is used give the driver
+ *	the necessary information for supporting GTK rekey offload. This
+ *	feature is typically used during WoWLAN. The configuration data
+ *	is contained in %NL80211_ATTR_REKEY_DATA (which is nested and
+ *	contains the data in sub-attributes). After rekeying happened,
+ *	this command may also be sent by the driver as an MLME event to
+ *	inform userspace of the new replay counter.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PMKSA_CANDIDATE: This is used as an event to inform userspace
+ *	of PMKSA caching dandidates.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TDLS_OPER: Perform a high-level TDLS command (e.g. link setup).
+ *	In addition, this can be used as an event to request userspace to take
+ *	actions on TDLS links (set up a new link or tear down an existing one).
+ *	In such events, %NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_OPERATION indicates the requested
+ *	operation, %NL80211_ATTR_MAC contains the peer MAC address, and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE the reason code to be used (only with
+ *	%NL80211_TDLS_TEARDOWN).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TDLS_MGMT: Send a TDLS management frame. The
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_ACTION attribute determines the type of frame to be
+ *	sent. Public Action codes (802.11-2012 8.1.5.1) will be sent as
+ *	802.11 management frames, while TDLS action codes (802.11-2012
+ *	8.5.13.1) will be encapsulated and sent as data frames. The currently
+ *	supported Public Action code is %WLAN_PUB_ACTION_TDLS_DISCOVER_RES
+ *	and the currently supported TDLS actions codes are given in
+ *	&enum ieee80211_tdls_actioncode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_FRAME: Used by an application controlling an AP
+ *	(or GO) interface (i.e. hostapd) to ask for unexpected frames to
+ *	implement sending deauth to stations that send unexpected class 3
+ *	frames. Also used as the event sent by the kernel when such a frame
+ *	is received.
+ *	For the event, the %NL80211_ATTR_MAC attribute carries the TA and
+ *	other attributes like the interface index are present.
+ *	If used as the command it must have an interface index and you can
+ *	only unsubscribe from the event by closing the socket. Subscription
+ *	is also for %NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_4ADDR_FRAME events.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_4ADDR_FRAME: Sent as an event indicating that the
+ *	associated station identified by %NL80211_ATTR_MAC sent a 4addr frame
+ *	and wasn't already in a 4-addr VLAN. The event will be sent similarly
+ *	to the %NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_FRAME event, to the same listener.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PROBE_CLIENT: Probe an associated station on an AP interface
+ *	by sending a null data frame to it and reporting when the frame is
+ *	acknowleged. This is used to allow timing out inactive clients. Uses
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC. The command returns a
+ *	direct reply with an %NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE that is later used to match
+ *	up the event with the request. The event includes the same data and
+ *	has %NL80211_ATTR_ACK set if the frame was ACKed.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_BEACONS: Register this socket to receive beacons from
+ *	other BSSes when any interfaces are in AP mode. This helps implement
+ *	OLBC handling in hostapd. Beacons are reported in %NL80211_CMD_FRAME
+ *	messages. Note that per PHY only one application may register.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_NOACK_MAP: sets a bitmap for the individual TIDs whether
+ *      No Acknowledgement Policy should be applied.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CH_SWITCH_NOTIFY: An AP or GO may decide to switch channels
+ *	independently of the userspace SME, send this event indicating
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX is now on %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ and the
+ *	attributes determining channel width.  This indication may also be
+ *	sent when a remotely-initiated switch (e.g., when a STA receives a CSA
+ *	from the remote AP) is completed;
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CH_SWITCH_STARTED_NOTIFY: Notify that a channel switch
+ *	has been started on an interface, regardless of the initiator
+ *	(ie. whether it was requested from a remote device or
+ *	initiated on our own).  It indicates that
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX will be on %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ
+ *	after %NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_COUNT TBTT's.  The userspace may
+ *	decide to react to this indication by requesting other
+ *	interfaces to change channel as well.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_START_P2P_DEVICE: Start the given P2P Device, identified by
+ *	its %NL80211_ATTR_WDEV identifier. It must have been created with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_NEW_INTERFACE previously. After it has been started, the
+ *	P2P Device can be used for P2P operations, e.g. remain-on-channel and
+ *	public action frame TX.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_STOP_P2P_DEVICE: Stop the given P2P Device, identified by
+ *	its %NL80211_ATTR_WDEV identifier.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CONN_FAILED: connection request to an AP failed; used to
+ *	notify userspace that AP has rejected the connection request from a
+ *	station, due to particular reason. %NL80211_ATTR_CONN_FAILED_REASON
+ *	is used for this.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MCAST_RATE: Change the rate used to send multicast frames
+ *	for IBSS or MESH vif.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_MAC_ACL: sets ACL for MAC address based access control.
+ *	This is to be used with the drivers advertising the support of MAC
+ *	address based access control. List of MAC addresses is passed in
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ADDRS and ACL policy is passed in
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_ACL_POLICY. Driver will enable ACL with this list, if it
+ *	is not already done. The new list will replace any existing list. Driver
+ *	will clear its ACL when the list of MAC addresses passed is empty. This
+ *	command is used in AP/P2P GO mode. Driver has to make sure to clear its
+ *	ACL list during %NL80211_CMD_STOP_AP.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_RADAR_DETECT: Start a Channel availability check (CAC). Once
+ *	a radar is detected or the channel availability scan (CAC) has finished
+ *	or was aborted, or a radar was detected, usermode will be notified with
+ *	this event. This command is also used to notify userspace about radars
+ *	while operating on this channel.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_EVENT is used to inform about the type of the
+ *	event.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_PROTOCOL_FEATURES: Get global nl80211 protocol features,
+ *	i.e. features for the nl80211 protocol rather than device features.
+ *	Returns the features in the %NL80211_ATTR_PROTOCOL_FEATURES bitmap.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_FT_IES: Pass down the most up-to-date Fast Transition
+ *	Information Element to the WLAN driver
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_FT_EVENT: Send a Fast transition event from the WLAN driver
+ *	to the supplicant. This will carry the target AP's MAC address along
+ *	with the relevant Information Elements. This event is used to report
+ *	received FT IEs (MDIE, FTIE, RSN IE, TIE, RICIE).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_START: Indicates user-space will start running
+ *	a critical protocol that needs more reliability in the connection to
+ *	complete.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_STOP: Indicates the connection reliability can
+ *	return back to normal.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_COALESCE: Get currently supported coalesce rules.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_COALESCE: Configure coalesce rules or clear existing rules.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CHANNEL_SWITCH: Perform a channel switch by announcing the
+ *	new channel information (Channel Switch Announcement - CSA)
+ *	in the beacon for some time (as defined in the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_COUNT parameter) and then change to the
+ *	new channel. Userspace provides the new channel information (using
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ and the attributes determining channel
+ *	width). %NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_BLOCK_TX may be supplied to inform
+ *	other station that transmission must be blocked until the channel
+ *	switch is complete.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_VENDOR: Vendor-specified command/event. The command is specified
+ *	by the %NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_ID attribute and a sub-command in
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_SUBCMD. Parameter(s) can be transported in
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_DATA.
+ *	For feature advertisement, the %NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_DATA attribute is
+ *	used in the wiphy data as a nested attribute containing descriptions
+ *	(&struct nl80211_vendor_cmd_info) of the supported vendor commands.
+ *	This may also be sent as an event with the same attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_QOS_MAP: Set Interworking QoS mapping for IP DSCP values.
+ *	The QoS mapping information is included in %NL80211_ATTR_QOS_MAP. If
+ *	that attribute is not included, QoS mapping is disabled. Since this
+ *	QoS mapping is relevant for IP packets, it is only valid during an
+ *	association. This is cleared on disassociation and AP restart.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ADD_TX_TS: Ask the kernel to add a traffic stream for the given
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_TSID and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC with %NL80211_ATTR_USER_PRIO
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_ADMITTED_TIME parameters.
+ *	Note that the action frame handshake with the AP shall be handled by
+ *	userspace via the normal management RX/TX framework, this only sets
+ *	up the TX TS in the driver/device.
+ *	If the admitted time attribute is not added then the request just checks
+ *	if a subsequent setup could be successful, the intent is to use this to
+ *	avoid setting up a session with the AP when local restrictions would
+ *	make that impossible. However, the subsequent "real" setup may still
+ *	fail even if the check was successful.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_TX_TS: Remove an existing TS with the %NL80211_ATTR_TSID
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC parameters. It isn't necessary to call this
+ *	before removing a station entry entirely, or before disassociating
+ *	or similar, cleanup will happen in the driver/device in this case.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_MPP: Get mesh path attributes for mesh proxy path to
+ *	destination %NL80211_ATTR_MAC on the interface identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_JOIN_OCB: Join the OCB network. The center frequency and
+ *	bandwidth of a channel must be given.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_OCB: Leave the OCB network -- no special arguments, the
+ *	network is determined by the network interface.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TDLS_CHANNEL_SWITCH: Start channel-switching with a TDLS peer,
+ *	identified by the %NL80211_ATTR_MAC parameter. A target channel is
+ *	provided via %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ and other attributes determining
+ *	channel width/type. The target operating class is given via
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_OPER_CLASS.
+ *	The driver is responsible for continually initiating channel-switching
+ *	operations and returning to the base channel for communication with the
+ *	AP.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_TDLS_CANCEL_CHANNEL_SWITCH: Stop channel-switching with a TDLS
+ *	peer given by %NL80211_ATTR_MAC. Both peers must be on the base channel
+ *	when this command completes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_WIPHY_REG_CHANGE: Similar to %NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE, but used
+ *	as an event to indicate changes for devices with wiphy-specific regdom
+ *	management.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ABORT_SCAN: Stop an ongoing scan. Returns -ENOENT if a scan is
+ *	not running. The driver indicates the status of the scan through
+ *	cfg80211_scan_done().
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_START_NAN: Start NAN operation, identified by its
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WDEV interface. This interface must have been
+ *	previously created with %NL80211_CMD_NEW_INTERFACE. After it
+ *	has been started, the NAN interface will create or join a
+ *	cluster. This command must have a valid
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MASTER_PREF attribute and optional
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_BANDS attributes.  If %NL80211_ATTR_BANDS is
+ *	omitted or set to 0, it means don't-care and the device will
+ *	decide what to use.  After this command NAN functions can be
+ *	added.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_STOP_NAN: Stop the NAN operation, identified by
+ *	its %NL80211_ATTR_WDEV interface.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ADD_NAN_FUNCTION: Add a NAN function. The function is defined
+ *	with %NL80211_ATTR_NAN_FUNC nested attribute. When called, this
+ *	operation returns the strictly positive and unique instance id
+ *	(%NL80211_ATTR_NAN_FUNC_INST_ID) and a cookie (%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE)
+ *	of the function upon success.
+ *	Since instance ID's can be re-used, this cookie is the right
+ *	way to identify the function. This will avoid races when a termination
+ *	event is handled by the user space after it has already added a new
+ *	function that got the same instance id from the kernel as the one
+ *	which just terminated.
+ *	This cookie may be used in NAN events even before the command
+ *	returns, so userspace shouldn't process NAN events until it processes
+ *	the response to this command.
+ *	Look at %NL80211_ATTR_SOCKET_OWNER as well.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_NAN_FUNCTION: Delete a NAN function by cookie.
+ *	This command is also used as a notification sent when a NAN function is
+ *	terminated. This will contain a %NL80211_ATTR_NAN_FUNC_INST_ID
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE attributes.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CHANGE_NAN_CONFIG: Change current NAN
+ *	configuration. NAN must be operational (%NL80211_CMD_START_NAN
+ *	was executed).  It must contain at least one of the following
+ *	attributes: %NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MASTER_PREF,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_BANDS.  If %NL80211_ATTR_BANDS is omitted, the
+ *	current configuration is not changed.  If it is present but
+ *	set to zero, the configuration is changed to don't-care
+ *	(i.e. the device can decide what to do).
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NAN_FUNC_MATCH: Notification sent when a match is reported.
+ *	This will contain a %NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MATCH nested attribute and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_CONNECT_PARAMS: Update one or more connect parameters
+ *	for subsequent roaming cases if the driver or firmware uses internal
+ *	BSS selection. This command can be issued only while connected and it
+ *	does not result in a change for the current association. Currently,
+ *	only the %NL80211_ATTR_IE data is used and updated with this command.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_PMK: For offloaded 4-Way handshake, set the PMK or PMK-R0
+ *	for the given authenticator address (specified with %NL80211_ATTR_MAC).
+ *	When %NL80211_ATTR_PMKR0_NAME is set, %NL80211_ATTR_PMK specifies the
+ *	PMK-R0, otherwise it specifies the PMK.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMK: For offloaded 4-Way handshake, delete the previously
+ *	configured PMK for the authenticator address identified by
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PORT_AUTHORIZED: An event that indicates an 802.1X FT roam was
+ *	completed successfully. Drivers that support 4 way handshake offload
+ *	should send this event after indicating 802.1X FT assocation with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_ROAM. If the 4 way handshake failed %NL80211_CMD_DISCONNECT
+ *	should be indicated instead.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME: Control Port (e.g. PAE) frame TX request
+ *	and RX notification.  This command is used both as a request to transmit
+ *	a control port frame and as a notification that a control port frame
+ *	has been received. %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME is used to specify the
+ *	frame contents.  The frame is the raw EAPoL data, without ethernet or
+ *	802.11 headers.
+ *	For an MLD transmitter, the %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID may be given and
+ *	its effect will depend on the destination: If the destination is known
+ *	to be an MLD, this will be used as a hint to select the link to transmit
+ *	the frame on. If the destination is not an MLD, this will select both
+ *	the link to transmit on and the source address will be set to the link
+ *	address of that link.
+ *	When used as an event indication %NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_ENCRYPT and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC are added
+ *	indicating the protocol type of the received frame; whether the frame
+ *	was received unencrypted and the MAC address of the peer respectively.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_RELOAD_REGDB: Request that the regdb firmware file is reloaded.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_EXTERNAL_AUTH: This interface is exclusively defined for host
+ *	drivers that do not define separate commands for authentication and
+ *	association, but rely on user space for the authentication to happen.
+ *	This interface acts both as the event request (driver to user space)
+ *	to trigger the authentication and command response (userspace to
+ *	driver) to indicate the authentication status.
+ *
+ *	User space uses the %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT command to the host driver to
+ *	trigger a connection. The host driver selects a BSS and further uses
+ *	this interface to offload only the authentication part to the user
+ *	space. Authentication frames are passed between the driver and user
+ *	space through the %NL80211_CMD_FRAME interface. Host driver proceeds
+ *	further with the association after getting successful authentication
+ *	status. User space indicates the authentication status through
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE attribute in %NL80211_CMD_EXTERNAL_AUTH
+ *	command interface.
+ *
+ *	Host driver reports this status on an authentication failure to the
+ *	user space through the connect result as the user space would have
+ *	initiated the connection through the connect request.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_STA_OPMODE_CHANGED: An event that notify station's
+ *	ht opmode or vht opmode changes using any of %NL80211_ATTR_SMPS_MODE,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CHANNEL_WIDTH,%NL80211_ATTR_NSS attributes with its
+ *	address(specified in %NL80211_ATTR_MAC).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_GET_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS: Retrieve FTM responder statistics, in
+ *	the %NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_START: start a (set of) peer measurement(s)
+ *	with the given parameters, which are encapsulated in the nested
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_PEER_MEASUREMENTS attribute. Optionally, MAC address
+ *	randomization may be enabled and configured by specifying the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MAC and %NL80211_ATTR_MAC_MASK attributes.
+ *	If a timeout is requested, use the %NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT attribute.
+ *	A u64 cookie for further %NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE use is returned in
+ *	the netlink extended ack message.
+ *
+ *	To cancel a measurement, close the socket that requested it.
+ *
+ *	Measurement results are reported to the socket that requested the
+ *	measurement using @NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_RESULT when they
+ *	become available, so applications must ensure a large enough socket
+ *	buffer size.
+ *
+ *	Depending on driver support it may or may not be possible to start
+ *	multiple concurrent measurements.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_RESULT: This command number is used for the
+ *	result notification from the driver to the requesting socket.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_COMPLETE: Notification only, indicating that
+ *	the measurement completed, using the measurement cookie
+ *	(%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_RADAR: Notify the kernel that a radar signal was
+ *	detected and reported by a neighboring device on the channel
+ *	indicated by %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ and other attributes
+ *	determining the width and type.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_OWE_INFO: This interface allows the host driver to
+ *	offload OWE processing to user space. This intends to support
+ *	OWE AKM by the host drivers that implement SME but rely
+ *	on the user space for the cryptographic/DH IE processing in AP mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_PROBE_MESH_LINK: The requirement for mesh link metric
+ *	refreshing, is that from one mesh point we be able to send some data
+ *	frames to other mesh points which are not currently selected as a
+ *	primary traffic path, but which are only 1 hop away. The absence of
+ *	the primary path to the chosen node makes it necessary to apply some
+ *	form of marking on a chosen packet stream so that the packets can be
+ *	properly steered to the selected node for testing, and not by the
+ *	regular mesh path lookup. Further, the packets must be of type data
+ *	so that the rate control (often embedded in firmware) is used for
+ *	rate selection.
+ *
+ *	Here attribute %NL80211_ATTR_MAC is used to specify connected mesh
+ *	peer MAC address and %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME is used to specify the frame
+ *	content. The frame is ethernet data.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_TID_CONFIG: Data frame TID specific configuration
+ *	is passed using %NL80211_ATTR_TID_CONFIG attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_BEACON: Unprotected or incorrectly protected Beacon
+ *	frame. This event is used to indicate that a received Beacon frame was
+ *	dropped because it did not include a valid MME MIC while beacon
+ *	protection was enabled (BIGTK configured in station mode).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME_TX_STATUS: Report TX status of a control
+ *	port frame transmitted with %NL80211_CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME.
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE identifies the TX command and %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME
+ *	includes the contents of the frame. %NL80211_ATTR_ACK flag is included
+ *	if the recipient acknowledged the frame.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_SAR_SPECS: SAR power limitation configuration is
+ *	passed using %NL80211_ATTR_SAR_SPEC. %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY is used to
+ *	specify the wiphy index to be applied to.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_OBSS_COLOR_COLLISION: This notification is sent out whenever
+ *	mac80211/drv detects a bss color collision.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_REQUEST: This command is used to indicate that
+ *	userspace wants to change the BSS color.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_STARTED: Notify userland, that a color change has
+ *	started
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_ABORTED: Notify userland, that the color change has
+ *	been aborted
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_COMPLETED: Notify userland that the color change
+ *	has completed
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_SET_FILS_AAD: Set FILS AAD data to the driver using -
+ *	&NL80211_ATTR_MAC - for STA MAC address
+ *	&NL80211_ATTR_FILS_KEK - for KEK
+ *	&NL80211_ATTR_FILS_NONCES - for FILS Nonces
+ *		(STA Nonce 16 bytes followed by AP Nonce 16 bytes)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ASSOC_COMEBACK: notification about an association
+ *      temporal rejection with comeback. The event includes %NL80211_ATTR_MAC
+ *      to describe the BSSID address of the AP and %NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT to
+ *      specify the timeout value.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ADD_LINK: Add a new link to an interface. The
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID attribute is used for the new link.
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REMOVE_LINK: Remove a link from an interface. This may come
+ *	without %NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID as an easy way to remove all links
+ *	in preparation for e.g. roaming to a regular (non-MLO) AP.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_ADD_LINK_STA: Add a link to an MLD station
+ * @NL80211_CMD_MODIFY_LINK_STA: Modify a link of an MLD station
+ * @NL80211_CMD_REMOVE_LINK_STA: Remove a link of an MLD station
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CMD_MAX: highest used command number
+ * @__NL80211_CMD_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_commands {
+/* don't change the order or add anything between, this is ABI! */
+	NL80211_CMD_UNSPEC,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY,		/* can dump */
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_WIPHY,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_WIPHY,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_WIPHY,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE,	/* can dump */
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_INTERFACE,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_INTERFACE,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_INTERFACE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_KEY,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_KEY,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_KEY,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_BEACON,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON,
+	NL80211_CMD_START_AP,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_BEACON = NL80211_CMD_START_AP,
+	NL80211_CMD_STOP_AP,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_BEACON = NL80211_CMD_STOP_AP,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_STATION,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_STATION,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_MPATH,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MPATH,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_MPATH,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_MPATH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_BSS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_REG,
+	NL80211_CMD_REQ_SET_REG,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_MESH_CONFIG,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MESH_CONFIG,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE /* reserved; not used */,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_REG,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_SCAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_SCAN_RESULTS,
+	NL80211_CMD_SCAN_ABORTED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE,
+	NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE,
+	NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS,
+	NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_IBSS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_TESTMODE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CONNECT,
+	NL80211_CMD_ROAM,
+	NL80211_CMD_DISCONNECT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_WIPHY_NETNS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_SURVEY,
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_SURVEY_RESULTS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMKSA,
+	NL80211_CMD_FLUSH_PMKSA,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL,
+	NL80211_CMD_CANCEL_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_TX_BITRATE_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME,
+	NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_ACTION = NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME,
+	NL80211_CMD_FRAME,
+	NL80211_CMD_ACTION = NL80211_CMD_FRAME,
+	NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS,
+	NL80211_CMD_ACTION_TX_STATUS = NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_POWER_SAVE,
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_POWER_SAVE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_CQM,
+	NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_CHANNEL,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_WDS_PEER,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_FRAME_WAIT_CANCEL,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_JOIN_MESH,
+	NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_MESH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DEAUTHENTICATE,
+	NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DISASSOCIATE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_NEW_PEER_CANDIDATE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_WOWLAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_WOWLAN,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_START_SCHED_SCAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_STOP_SCHED_SCAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_SCHED_SCAN_RESULTS,
+	NL80211_CMD_SCHED_SCAN_STOPPED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_REKEY_OFFLOAD,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_PMKSA_CANDIDATE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_TDLS_OPER,
+	NL80211_CMD_TDLS_MGMT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_FRAME,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_PROBE_CLIENT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_BEACONS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UNEXPECTED_4ADDR_FRAME,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_NOACK_MAP,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CH_SWITCH_NOTIFY,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_START_P2P_DEVICE,
+	NL80211_CMD_STOP_P2P_DEVICE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CONN_FAILED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MCAST_RATE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MAC_ACL,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_RADAR_DETECT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_PROTOCOL_FEATURES,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_FT_IES,
+	NL80211_CMD_FT_EVENT,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_START,
+	NL80211_CMD_CRIT_PROTOCOL_STOP,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_COALESCE,
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_COALESCE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CHANNEL_SWITCH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_VENDOR,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_QOS_MAP,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_ADD_TX_TS,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_TX_TS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_MPP,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_JOIN_OCB,
+	NL80211_CMD_LEAVE_OCB,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CH_SWITCH_STARTED_NOTIFY,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_TDLS_CHANNEL_SWITCH,
+	NL80211_CMD_TDLS_CANCEL_CHANNEL_SWITCH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_WIPHY_REG_CHANGE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_ABORT_SCAN,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_START_NAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_STOP_NAN,
+	NL80211_CMD_ADD_NAN_FUNCTION,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_NAN_FUNCTION,
+	NL80211_CMD_CHANGE_NAN_CONFIG,
+	NL80211_CMD_NAN_MATCH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_MULTICAST_TO_UNICAST,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_CONNECT_PARAMS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_PMK,
+	NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMK,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_PORT_AUTHORIZED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_RELOAD_REGDB,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_EXTERNAL_AUTH,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_STA_OPMODE_CHANGED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_GET_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_START,
+	NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_RESULT,
+	NL80211_CMD_PEER_MEASUREMENT_COMPLETE,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_RADAR,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UPDATE_OWE_INFO,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_PROBE_MESH_LINK,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_TID_CONFIG,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_BEACON,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME_TX_STATUS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_SAR_SPECS,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_OBSS_COLOR_COLLISION,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_REQUEST,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_STARTED,
+	NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_ABORTED,
+	NL80211_CMD_COLOR_CHANGE_COMPLETED,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_SET_FILS_AAD,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_ASSOC_COMEBACK,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_ADD_LINK,
+	NL80211_CMD_REMOVE_LINK,
+
+	NL80211_CMD_ADD_LINK_STA,
+	NL80211_CMD_MODIFY_LINK_STA,
+	NL80211_CMD_REMOVE_LINK_STA,
+
+	/* add new commands above here */
+
+	/* used to define NL80211_CMD_MAX below */
+	__NL80211_CMD_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_CMD_MAX = __NL80211_CMD_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Allow user space programs to use #ifdef on new commands by defining them
+ * here
+ */
+#define NL80211_CMD_SET_BSS NL80211_CMD_SET_BSS
+#define NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE
+#define NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE
+#define NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE
+#define NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE
+#define NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE
+#define NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE
+#define NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT
+
+#define NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS
+
+/* source-level API compatibility */
+#define NL80211_CMD_GET_MESH_PARAMS NL80211_CMD_GET_MESH_CONFIG
+#define NL80211_CMD_SET_MESH_PARAMS NL80211_CMD_SET_MESH_CONFIG
+#define NL80211_MESH_SETUP_VENDOR_PATH_SEL_IE NL80211_MESH_SETUP_IE
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_attrs - nl80211 netlink attributes
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_UNSPEC: unspecified attribute to catch errors
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY: index of wiphy to operate on, cf.
+ *	/sys/class/ieee80211/<phyname>/index
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME: wiphy name (used for renaming)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TXQ_PARAMS: a nested array of TX queue parameters
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ: frequency of the selected channel in MHz,
+ *	defines the channel together with the (deprecated)
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_CHANNEL_TYPE attribute or the attributes
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CHANNEL_WIDTH and if needed %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ2
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CHANNEL_WIDTH: u32 attribute containing one of the values
+ *	of &enum nl80211_chan_width, describing the channel width. See the
+ *	documentation of the enum for more information.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1: Center frequency of the first part of the
+ *	channel, used for anything but 20 MHz bandwidth. In S1G this is the
+ *	operating channel center frequency.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ2: Center frequency of the second part of the
+ *	channel, used only for 80+80 MHz bandwidth
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_CHANNEL_TYPE: included with NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ
+ *	if HT20 or HT40 are to be used (i.e., HT disabled if not included):
+ *	NL80211_CHAN_NO_HT = HT not allowed (i.e., same as not including
+ *		this attribute)
+ *	NL80211_CHAN_HT20 = HT20 only
+ *	NL80211_CHAN_HT40MINUS = secondary channel is below the primary channel
+ *	NL80211_CHAN_HT40PLUS = secondary channel is above the primary channel
+ *	This attribute is now deprecated.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_SHORT: TX retry limit for frames whose length is
+ *	less than or equal to the RTS threshold; allowed range: 1..255;
+ *	dot11ShortRetryLimit; u8
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_LONG: TX retry limit for frames whose length is
+ *	greater than the RTS threshold; allowed range: 1..255;
+ *	dot11ShortLongLimit; u8
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FRAG_THRESHOLD: fragmentation threshold, i.e., maximum
+ *	length in octets for frames; allowed range: 256..8000, disable
+ *	fragmentation with (u32)-1; dot11FragmentationThreshold; u32
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RTS_THRESHOLD: RTS threshold (TX frames with length
+ *	larger than or equal to this use RTS/CTS handshake); allowed range:
+ *	0..65536, disable with (u32)-1; dot11RTSThreshold; u32
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_COVERAGE_CLASS: Coverage Class as defined by IEEE 802.11
+ *	section 7.3.2.9; dot11CoverageClass; u8
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX: network interface index of the device to operate on
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME: network interface name
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE: type of virtual interface, see &enum nl80211_iftype
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WDEV: wireless device identifier, used for pseudo-devices
+ *	that don't have a netdev (u64)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAC: MAC address (various uses)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DATA: (temporal) key data; for TKIP this consists of
+ *	16 bytes encryption key followed by 8 bytes each for TX and RX MIC
+ *	keys
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX: key ID (u8, 0-3)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_CIPHER: key cipher suite (u32, as defined by IEEE 802.11
+ *	section 7.3.2.25.1, e.g. 0x000FAC04)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_SEQ: transmit key sequence number (IV/PN) for TKIP and
+ *	CCMP keys, each six bytes in little endian
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT: Flag attribute indicating the key is default key
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT_MGMT: Flag attribute indicating the key is the
+ *	default management key
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES_PAIRWISE: For crypto settings for connect or
+ *	other commands, indicates which pairwise cipher suites are used
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITE_GROUP: For crypto settings for connect or
+ *	other commands, indicates which group cipher suite is used
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_INTERVAL: beacon interval in TU
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DTIM_PERIOD: DTIM period for beaconing
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_HEAD: portion of the beacon before the TIM IE
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_TAIL: portion of the beacon after the TIM IE
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_AID: Association ID for the station (u16)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_FLAGS: flags, nested element with NLA_FLAG attributes of
+ *	&enum nl80211_sta_flags (deprecated, use %NL80211_ATTR_STA_FLAGS2)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_LISTEN_INTERVAL: listen interval as defined by
+ *	IEEE 802.11 7.3.1.6 (u16).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_RATES: supported rates, array of supported
+ *	rates as defined by IEEE 802.11 7.3.2.2 but without the length
+ *	restriction (at most %NL80211_MAX_SUPP_RATES).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_VLAN: interface index of VLAN interface to move station
+ *	to, or the AP interface the station was originally added to.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_INFO: information about a station, part of station info
+ *	given for %NL80211_CMD_GET_STATION, nested attribute containing
+ *	info as possible, see &enum nl80211_sta_info.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_BANDS: Information about an operating bands,
+ *	consisting of a nested array.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MESH_ID: mesh id (1-32 bytes).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_PLINK_ACTION: action to perform on the mesh peer link
+ *	(see &enum nl80211_plink_action).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_NEXT_HOP: MAC address of the next hop for a mesh path.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_INFO: information about a mesh_path, part of mesh path
+ * 	info given for %NL80211_CMD_GET_MPATH, nested attribute described at
+ *	&enum nl80211_mpath_info.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MNTR_FLAGS: flags, nested element with NLA_FLAG attributes of
+ *      &enum nl80211_mntr_flags.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA2: an ISO-3166-alpha2 country code for which the
+ * 	current regulatory domain should be set to or is already set to.
+ * 	For example, 'CR', for Costa Rica. This attribute is used by the kernel
+ * 	to query the CRDA to retrieve one regulatory domain. This attribute can
+ * 	also be used by userspace to query the kernel for the currently set
+ * 	regulatory domain. We chose an alpha2 as that is also used by the
+ * 	IEEE-802.11 country information element to identify a country.
+ * 	Users can also simply ask the wireless core to set regulatory domain
+ * 	to a specific alpha2.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULES: a nested array of regulatory domain regulatory
+ *	rules.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_CTS_PROT: whether CTS protection is enabled (u8, 0 or 1)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SHORT_PREAMBLE: whether short preamble is enabled
+ *	(u8, 0 or 1)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SHORT_SLOT_TIME: whether short slot time enabled
+ *	(u8, 0 or 1)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_BASIC_RATES: basic rates, array of basic
+ *	rates in format defined by IEEE 802.11 7.3.2.2 but without the length
+ *	restriction (at most %NL80211_MAX_SUPP_RATES).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY: HT Capability information element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_IFTYPES: nested attribute containing all
+ *	supported interface types, each a flag attribute with the number
+ *	of the interface mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE: Management frame subtype for
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IE: Information element(s) data (used, e.g., with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_SET_MGMT_EXTRA_IE).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCAN_SSIDS: number of SSIDs you can scan with
+ *	a single scan request, a wiphy attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCHED_SCAN_SSIDS: number of SSIDs you can
+ *	scan with a single scheduled scan request, a wiphy attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_IE_LEN: maximum length of information elements
+ *	that can be added to a scan request
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCHED_SCAN_IE_LEN: maximum length of information
+ *	elements that can be added to a scheduled scan request
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_MATCH_SETS: maximum number of sets that can be
+ *	used with @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH, a wiphy attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES: nested attribute with frequencies (in MHz)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS: nested attribute with SSIDs, leave out for passive
+ *	scanning and include a zero-length SSID (wildcard) for wildcard scan
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS: scan result BSS
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR: indicates who requested the regulatory domain
+ * 	currently in effect. This could be any of the %NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_*
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE: indicates the type of the regulatory domain currently
+ * 	set. This can be one of the nl80211_reg_type (%NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_*)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS: wiphy attribute that specifies
+ *	an array of command numbers (i.e. a mapping index to command number)
+ *	that the driver for the given wiphy supports.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FRAME: frame data (binary attribute), including frame header
+ *	and body, but not FCS; used, e.g., with NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE and
+ *	NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE events
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SSID: SSID (binary attribute, 0..32 octets)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE: AuthenticationType, see &enum nl80211_auth_type,
+ *	represented as a u32
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE: ReasonCode for %NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE and
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE, u16
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_TYPE: Key Type, see &enum nl80211_key_type, represented as
+ *	a u32
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_BEFORE: A channel which has suffered a regulatory change
+ * 	due to considerations from a beacon hint. This attribute reflects
+ * 	the state of the channel _before_ the beacon hint processing. This
+ * 	attributes consists of a nested attribute containing
+ * 	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_*
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_AFTER: A channel which has suffered a regulatory change
+ * 	due to considerations from a beacon hint. This attribute reflects
+ * 	the state of the channel _after_ the beacon hint processing. This
+ * 	attributes consists of a nested attribute containing
+ * 	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_*
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES: a set of u32 values indicating the supported
+ *	cipher suites
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_FIXED: a flag indicating the IBSS should not try to look
+ *	for other networks on different channels
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT: a flag indicating than an operation timed out; this
+ *	is used, e.g., with %NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE event
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_USE_MFP: Whether management frame protection (IEEE 802.11w) is
+ *	used for the association (&enum nl80211_mfp, represented as a u32);
+ *	this attribute can be used with %NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE and
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_CONNECT requests. %NL80211_MFP_OPTIONAL is not allowed for
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE since user space SME is expected and hence, it
+ *	must have decided whether to use management frame protection or not.
+ *	Setting %NL80211_MFP_OPTIONAL with a %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT request will
+ *	let the driver (or the firmware) decide whether to use MFP or not.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_FLAGS2: Attribute containing a
+ *	&struct nl80211_sta_flag_update.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT: A flag indicating whether user space controls
+ *	IEEE 802.1X port, i.e., sets/clears %NL80211_STA_FLAG_AUTHORIZED, in
+ *	station mode. If the flag is included in %NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE
+ *	request, the driver will assume that the port is unauthorized until
+ *	authorized by user space. Otherwise, port is marked authorized by
+ *	default in station mode.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE: A 16-bit value indicating the
+ *	ethertype that will be used for key negotiation. It can be
+ *	specified with the associate and connect commands. If it is not
+ *	specified, the value defaults to 0x888E (PAE, 802.1X). This
+ *	attribute is also used as a flag in the wiphy information to
+ *	indicate that protocols other than PAE are supported.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_ENCRYPT: When included along with
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE, indicates that the custom
+ *	ethertype frames used for key negotiation must not be encrypted.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211: A flag indicating whether control
+ *	port frames (e.g. of type given in %NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE)
+ *	will be sent directly to the network interface or sent via the NL80211
+ *	socket.  If this attribute is missing, then legacy behavior of sending
+ *	control port frames directly to the network interface is used.  If the
+ *	flag is included, then control port frames are sent over NL80211 instead
+ *	using %CMD_CONTROL_PORT_FRAME.  If control port routing over NL80211 is
+ *	to be used then userspace must also use the %NL80211_ATTR_SOCKET_OWNER
+ *	flag. When used with %NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_PREAUTH, pre-auth
+ *	frames are not forwared over the control port.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TESTDATA: Testmode data blob, passed through to the driver.
+ *	We recommend using nested, driver-specific attributes within this.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DISCONNECTED_BY_AP: A flag indicating that the DISCONNECT
+ *	event was due to the AP disconnecting the station, and not due to
+ *	a local disconnect request.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE: StatusCode for the %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT
+ *	event (u16)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PRIVACY: Flag attribute, used with connect(), indicating
+ *	that protected APs should be used. This is also used with NEW_BEACON to
+ *	indicate that the BSS is to use protection.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CIPHERS_PAIRWISE: Used with CONNECT, ASSOCIATE, and NEW_BEACON
+ *	to indicate which unicast key ciphers will be used with the connection
+ *	(an array of u32).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_GROUP: Used with CONNECT, ASSOCIATE, and NEW_BEACON to
+ *	indicate which group key cipher will be used with the connection (a
+ *	u32).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WPA_VERSIONS: Used with CONNECT, ASSOCIATE, and NEW_BEACON to
+ *	indicate which WPA version(s) the AP we want to associate with is using
+ *	(a u32 with flags from &enum nl80211_wpa_versions).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES: Used with CONNECT, ASSOCIATE, and NEW_BEACON to
+ *	indicate which key management algorithm(s) to use (an array of u32).
+ *	This attribute is also sent in response to @NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY,
+ *	indicating the supported AKM suites, intended for specific drivers which
+ *	implement SME and have constraints on which AKMs are supported and also
+ *	the cases where an AKM support is offloaded to the driver/firmware.
+ *	If there is no such notification from the driver, user space should
+ *	assume the driver supports all the AKM suites.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REQ_IE: (Re)association request information elements as
+ *	sent out by the card, for ROAM and successful CONNECT events.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RESP_IE: (Re)association response information elements as
+ *	sent by peer, for ROAM and successful CONNECT events.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PREV_BSSID: previous BSSID, to be used in ASSOCIATE and CONNECT
+ *	commands to specify a request to reassociate within an ESS, i.e., to use
+ *	Reassociate Request frame (with the value of this attribute in the
+ *	Current AP address field) instead of Association Request frame which is
+ *	used for the initial association to an ESS.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY: key information in a nested attribute with
+ *	%NL80211_KEY_* sub-attributes
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEYS: array of keys for static WEP keys for connect()
+ *	and join_ibss(), key information is in a nested attribute each
+ *	with %NL80211_KEY_* sub-attributes
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PID: Process ID of a network namespace.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_GENERATION: Used to indicate consistent snapshots for
+ *	dumps. This number increases whenever the object list being
+ *	dumped changes, and as such userspace can verify that it has
+ *	obtained a complete and consistent snapshot by verifying that
+ *	all dump messages contain the same generation number. If it
+ *	changed then the list changed and the dump should be repeated
+ *	completely from scratch.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_4ADDR: Use 4-address frames on a virtual interface
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SURVEY_INFO: survey information about a channel, part of
+ *      the survey response for %NL80211_CMD_GET_SURVEY, nested attribute
+ *      containing info as possible, see &enum survey_info.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMKID: PMK material for PMKSA caching.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_PMKIDS: maximum number of PMKIDs a firmware can
+ *	cache, a wiphy attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DURATION: Duration of an operation in milliseconds, u32.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL_DURATION: Device attribute that
+ *	specifies the maximum duration that can be requested with the
+ *	remain-on-channel operation, in milliseconds, u32.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE: Generic 64-bit cookie to identify objects.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TX_RATES: Nested set of attributes
+ *	(enum nl80211_tx_rate_attributes) describing TX rates per band. The
+ *	enum nl80211_band value is used as the index (nla_type() of the nested
+ *	data. If a band is not included, it will be configured to allow all
+ *	rates based on negotiated supported rates information. This attribute
+ *	is used with %NL80211_CMD_SET_TX_BITRATE_MASK and with starting AP,
+ *	and joining mesh networks (not IBSS yet). In the later case, it must
+ *	specify just a single bitrate, which is to be used for the beacon.
+ *	The driver must also specify support for this with the extended
+ *	features NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_LEGACY,
+ *	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HT,
+ *	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_VHT and
+ *	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HE.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_MATCH: A binary attribute which typically must contain
+ *	at least one byte, currently used with @NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_TYPE: A u16 indicating the frame type/subtype for the
+ *	@NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME command.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TX_FRAME_TYPES: wiphy capability attribute, which is a
+ *	nested attribute of %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_TYPE attributes, containing
+ *	information about which frame types can be transmitted with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_FRAME.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RX_FRAME_TYPES: wiphy capability attribute, which is a
+ *	nested attribute of %NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_TYPE attributes, containing
+ *	information about which frame types can be registered for RX.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_ACK: Flag attribute indicating that the frame was
+ *	acknowledged by the recipient.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE: powersave state, using &enum nl80211_ps_state values.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM: connection quality monitor configuration in a
+ *	nested attribute with %NL80211_ATTR_CQM_* sub-attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_LOCAL_STATE_CHANGE: Flag attribute to indicate that a command
+ *	is requesting a local authentication/association state change without
+ *	invoking actual management frame exchange. This can be used with
+ *	NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE, NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE,
+ *	NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AP_ISOLATE: (AP mode) Do not forward traffic between stations
+ *	connected to this BSS.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_SETTING: Transmit power setting type. See
+ *      &enum nl80211_tx_power_setting for possible values.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_LEVEL: Transmit power level in signed mBm units.
+ *      This is used in association with @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_SETTING
+ *      for non-automatic settings.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_IBSS_RSN: The device supports IBSS RSN, which mostly
+ *	means support for per-station GTKs.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_TX: Bitmap of allowed antennas for transmitting.
+ *	This can be used to mask out antennas which are not attached or should
+ *	not be used for transmitting. If an antenna is not selected in this
+ *	bitmap the hardware is not allowed to transmit on this antenna.
+ *
+ *	Each bit represents one antenna, starting with antenna 1 at the first
+ *	bit. Depending on which antennas are selected in the bitmap, 802.11n
+ *	drivers can derive which chainmasks to use (if all antennas belonging to
+ *	a particular chain are disabled this chain should be disabled) and if
+ *	a chain has diversity antennas wether diversity should be used or not.
+ *	HT capabilities (STBC, TX Beamforming, Antenna selection) can be
+ *	derived from the available chains after applying the antenna mask.
+ *	Non-802.11n drivers can derive wether to use diversity or not.
+ *	Drivers may reject configurations or RX/TX mask combinations they cannot
+ *	support by returning -EINVAL.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_RX: Bitmap of allowed antennas for receiving.
+ *	This can be used to mask out antennas which are not attached or should
+ *	not be used for receiving. If an antenna is not selected in this bitmap
+ *	the hardware should not be configured to receive on this antenna.
+ *	For a more detailed description see @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_TX.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_AVAIL_TX: Bitmap of antennas which are available
+ *	for configuration as TX antennas via the above parameters.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_AVAIL_RX: Bitmap of antennas which are available
+ *	for configuration as RX antennas via the above parameters.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MCAST_RATE: Multicast tx rate (in 100 kbps) for IBSS
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_OFFCHANNEL_TX_OK: For management frame TX, the frame may be
+ *	transmitted on another channel when the channel given doesn't match
+ *	the current channel. If the current channel doesn't match and this
+ *	flag isn't set, the frame will be rejected. This is also used as an
+ *	nl80211 capability flag.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_HT_OPMODE: HT operation mode (u16)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES: A nested attribute containing flags
+ *	attributes, specifying what a key should be set as default as.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_key_default_types.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MESH_SETUP: Optional mesh setup parameters.  These cannot be
+ *	changed once the mesh is active.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MESH_CONFIG: Mesh configuration parameters, a nested attribute
+ *	containing attributes from &enum nl80211_meshconf_params.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_MESH_AUTH: Currently, this means the underlying driver
+ *	allows auth frames in a mesh to be passed to userspace for processing via
+ *	the @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AUTH flag.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_PLINK_STATE: The state of a mesh peer link as defined in
+ *	&enum nl80211_plink_state. Used when userspace is driving the peer link
+ *	management state machine.  @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AMPE or
+ *	@NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_MPM must be enabled.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS_SUPPORTED: indicates, as part of the wiphy
+ *	capabilities, the supported WoWLAN triggers
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS: used by %NL80211_CMD_SET_WOWLAN to
+ *	indicate which WoW triggers should be enabled. This is also
+ *	used by %NL80211_CMD_GET_WOWLAN to get the currently enabled WoWLAN
+ *	triggers.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_INTERVAL: Interval between scheduled scan
+ *	cycles, in msecs.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH: Nested attribute with one or more
+ *	sets of attributes to match during scheduled scans.  Only BSSs
+ *	that match any of the sets will be reported.  These are
+ *	pass-thru filter rules.
+ *	For a match to succeed, the BSS must match all attributes of a
+ *	set.  Since not every hardware supports matching all types of
+ *	attributes, there is no guarantee that the reported BSSs are
+ *	fully complying with the match sets and userspace needs to be
+ *	able to ignore them by itself.
+ *	Thus, the implementation is somewhat hardware-dependent, but
+ *	this is only an optimization and the userspace application
+ *	needs to handle all the non-filtered results anyway.
+ *	If the match attributes don't make sense when combined with
+ *	the values passed in @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS (eg. if an SSID
+ *	is included in the probe request, but the match attributes
+ *	will never let it go through), -EINVAL may be returned.
+ *	If omitted, no filtering is done.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS: Nested attribute listing the supported
+ *	interface combinations. In each nested item, it contains attributes
+ *	defined in &enum nl80211_if_combination_attrs.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SOFTWARE_IFTYPES: Nested attribute (just like
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_IFTYPES) containing the interface types that
+ *	are managed in software: interfaces of these types aren't subject to
+ *	any restrictions in their number or combinations.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REKEY_DATA: nested attribute containing the information
+ *	necessary for GTK rekeying in the device, see &enum nl80211_rekey_data.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SUPP_RATES: rates per to be advertised as supported in scan,
+ *	nested array attribute containing an entry for each band, with the entry
+ *	being a list of supported rates as defined by IEEE 802.11 7.3.2.2 but
+ *	without the length restriction (at most %NL80211_MAX_SUPP_RATES).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HIDDEN_SSID: indicates whether SSID is to be hidden from Beacon
+ *	and Probe Response (when response to wildcard Probe Request); see
+ *	&enum nl80211_hidden_ssid, represented as a u32
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IE_PROBE_RESP: Information element(s) for Probe Response frame.
+ *	This is used with %NL80211_CMD_NEW_BEACON and %NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON to
+ *	provide extra IEs (e.g., WPS/P2P IE) into Probe Response frames when the
+ *	driver (or firmware) replies to Probe Request frames.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IE_ASSOC_RESP: Information element(s) for (Re)Association
+ *	Response frames. This is used with %NL80211_CMD_NEW_BEACON and
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON to provide extra IEs (e.g., WPS/P2P IE) into
+ *	(Re)Association Response frames when the driver (or firmware) replies to
+ *	(Re)Association Request frames.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_WME: Nested attribute containing the wme configuration
+ *	of the station, see &enum nl80211_sta_wme_attr.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_AP_UAPSD: the device supports uapsd when working
+ *	as AP.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_ROAM_SUPPORT: Indicates whether the firmware is capable of
+ *	roaming to another AP in the same ESS if the signal lever is low.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMKSA_CANDIDATE: Nested attribute containing the PMKSA caching
+ *	candidate information, see &enum nl80211_pmksa_candidate_attr.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TX_NO_CCK_RATE: Indicates whether to use CCK rate or not
+ *	for management frames transmission. In order to avoid p2p probe/action
+ *	frames are being transmitted at CCK rate in 2GHz band, the user space
+ *	applications use this attribute.
+ *	This attribute is used with %NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN and
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_FRAME commands.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_ACTION: Low level TDLS action code (e.g. link setup
+ *	request, link setup confirm, link teardown, etc.). Values are
+ *	described in the TDLS (802.11z) specification.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_DIALOG_TOKEN: Non-zero token for uniquely identifying a
+ *	TDLS conversation between two devices.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_OPERATION: High level TDLS operation; see
+ *	&enum nl80211_tdls_operation, represented as a u8.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_SUPPORT: A flag indicating the device can operate
+ *	as a TDLS peer sta.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_EXTERNAL_SETUP: The TDLS discovery/setup and teardown
+ *	procedures should be performed by sending TDLS packets via
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_TDLS_MGMT. Otherwise %NL80211_CMD_TDLS_OPER should be
+ *	used for asking the driver to perform a TDLS operation.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DEVICE_AP_SME: This u32 attribute may be listed for devices
+ *	that have AP support to indicate that they have the AP SME integrated
+ *	with support for the features listed in this attribute, see
+ *	&enum nl80211_ap_sme_features.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DONT_WAIT_FOR_ACK: Used with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME, this tells
+ *	the driver to not wait for an acknowledgement. Note that due to this,
+ *	it will also not give a status callback nor return a cookie. This is
+ *	mostly useful for probe responses to save airtime.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS: This u32 attribute contains flags from
+ *	&enum nl80211_feature_flags and is advertised in wiphy information.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD: Indicates that the HW responds to probe
+ *	requests while operating in AP-mode.
+ *	This attribute holds a bitmap of the supported protocols for
+ *	offloading (see &enum nl80211_probe_resp_offload_support_attr).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP: Probe Response template data. Contains the entire
+ *	probe-response frame. The DA field in the 802.11 header is zero-ed out,
+ *	to be filled by the FW.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_HT: Force HT capable interfaces to disable
+ *      this feature during association. This is a flag attribute.
+ *	Currently only supported in mac80211 drivers.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_VHT: Force VHT capable interfaces to disable
+ *      this feature during association. This is a flag attribute.
+ *	Currently only supported in mac80211 drivers.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_HE: Force HE capable interfaces to disable
+ *      this feature during association. This is a flag attribute.
+ *	Currently only supported in mac80211 drivers.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY_MASK: Specify which bits of the
+ *      ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY to which attention should be paid.
+ *      Currently, only mac80211 NICs support this feature.
+ *      The values that may be configured are:
+ *       MCS rates, MAX-AMSDU, HT-20-40 and HT_CAP_SGI_40
+ *       AMPDU density and AMPDU factor.
+ *      All values are treated as suggestions and may be ignored
+ *      by the driver as required.  The actual values may be seen in
+ *      the station debugfs ht_caps file.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DFS_REGION: region for regulatory rules which this country
+ *    abides to when initiating radiation on DFS channels. A country maps
+ *    to one DFS region.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_NOACK_MAP: This u16 bitmap contains the No Ack Policy of
+ *      up to 16 TIDs.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT: timeout value in seconds, this can be
+ *	used by the drivers which has MLME in firmware and does not have support
+ *	to report per station tx/rx activity to free up the station entry from
+ *	the list. This needs to be used when the driver advertises the
+ *	capability to timeout the stations.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RX_SIGNAL_DBM: signal strength in dBm (as a 32-bit int);
+ *	this attribute is (depending on the driver capabilities) added to
+ *	received frames indicated with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BG_SCAN_PERIOD: Background scan period in seconds
+ *      or 0 to disable background scan.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_USER_REG_HINT_TYPE: type of regulatory hint passed from
+ *	userspace. If unset it is assumed the hint comes directly from
+ *	a user. If set code could specify exactly what type of source
+ *	was used to provide the hint. For the different types of
+ *	allowed user regulatory hints see nl80211_user_reg_hint_type.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONN_FAILED_REASON: The reason for which AP has rejected
+ *	the connection request from a station. nl80211_connect_failed_reason
+ *	enum has different reasons of connection failure.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_DATA: Fields and elements in Authentication frames.
+ *	This contains the authentication frame body (non-IE and IE data),
+ *	excluding the Authentication algorithm number, i.e., starting at the
+ *	Authentication transaction sequence number field. It is used with
+ *	authentication algorithms that need special fields to be added into
+ *	the frames (SAE and FILS). Currently, only the SAE cases use the
+ *	initial two fields (Authentication transaction sequence number and
+ *	Status code). However, those fields are included in the attribute data
+ *	for all authentication algorithms to keep the attribute definition
+ *	consistent.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VHT_CAPABILITY: VHT Capability information element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FLAGS: scan request control flags (u32)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_P2P_CTWINDOW: P2P GO Client Traffic Window (u8), used with
+ *	the START_AP and SET_BSS commands
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_P2P_OPPPS: P2P GO opportunistic PS (u8), used with the
+ *	START_AP and SET_BSS commands. This can have the values 0 or 1;
+ *	if not given in START_AP 0 is assumed, if not given in SET_BSS
+ *	no change is made.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_LOCAL_MESH_POWER_MODE: local mesh STA link-specific power mode
+ *	defined in &enum nl80211_mesh_power_mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_ACL_POLICY: ACL policy, see &enum nl80211_acl_policy,
+ *	carried in a u32 attribute
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ADDRS: Array of nested MAC addresses, used for
+ *	MAC ACL.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ACL_MAX: u32 attribute to advertise the maximum
+ *	number of MAC addresses that a device can support for MAC
+ *	ACL.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_EVENT: Type of radar event for notification to userspace,
+ *	contains a value of enum nl80211_radar_event (u32).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA: 802.11 extended capabilities that the kernel driver
+ *	has and handles. The format is the same as the IE contents. See
+ *	802.11-2012 8.4.2.29 for more information.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA_MASK: Extended capabilities that the kernel driver
+ *	has set in the %NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA value, for multibit fields.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_CAPABILITY: Station capabilities (u16) are advertised to
+ *	the driver, e.g., to enable TDLS power save (PU-APSD).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_EXT_CAPABILITY: Station extended capabilities are
+ *	advertised to the driver, e.g., to enable TDLS off channel operations
+ *	and PU-APSD.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PROTOCOL_FEATURES: global nl80211 feature flags, see
+ *	&enum nl80211_protocol_features, the attribute is a u32.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SPLIT_WIPHY_DUMP: flag attribute, userspace supports
+ *	receiving the data for a single wiphy split across multiple
+ *	messages, given with wiphy dump message
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MDID: Mobility Domain Identifier
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IE_RIC: Resource Information Container Information
+ *	Element
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CRIT_PROT_ID: critical protocol identifier requiring increased
+ *	reliability, see &enum nl80211_crit_proto_id (u16).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_CRIT_PROT_DURATION: duration in milliseconds in which
+ *      the connection should have increased reliability (u16).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PEER_AID: Association ID for the peer TDLS station (u16).
+ *	This is similar to @NL80211_ATTR_STA_AID but with a difference of being
+ *	allowed to be used with the first @NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION command to
+ *	update a TDLS peer STA entry.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE: Coalesce rule information.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_COUNT: u32 attribute specifying the number of TBTT's
+ *	until the channel switch event.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_BLOCK_TX: flag attribute specifying that transmission
+ *	must be blocked on the current channel (before the channel switch
+ *	operation). Also included in the channel switch started event if quiet
+ *	was requested by the AP.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CSA_IES: Nested set of attributes containing the IE information
+ *	for the time while performing a channel switch.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_BEACON: An array of offsets (u16) to the channel
+ *	switch or color change counters in the beacons tail (%NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_TAIL).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_PRESP: An array of offsets (u16) to the channel
+ *	switch or color change counters in the probe response (%NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RXMGMT_FLAGS: flags for nl80211_send_mgmt(), u32.
+ *	As specified in the &enum nl80211_rxmgmt_flags.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_CHANNELS: array of supported channels.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_OPER_CLASSES: array of supported
+ *      operating classes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HANDLE_DFS: A flag indicating whether user space
+ *	controls DFS operation in IBSS mode. If the flag is included in
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS request, the driver will allow use of DFS
+ *	channels and reports radar events to userspace. Userspace is required
+ *	to react to radar events, e.g. initiate a channel switch or leave the
+ *	IBSS network.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_5_MHZ: A flag indicating that the device supports
+ *	5 MHz channel bandwidth.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_10_MHZ: A flag indicating that the device supports
+ *	10 MHz channel bandwidth.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_OPMODE_NOTIF: Operating mode field from Operating Mode
+ *	Notification Element based on association request when used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION or %NL80211_CMD_SET_STATION (only when
+ *	%NL80211_FEATURE_FULL_AP_CLIENT_STATE is supported, or with TDLS);
+ *	u8 attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_ID: The vendor ID, either a 24-bit OUI or, if
+ *	%NL80211_VENDOR_ID_IS_LINUX is set, a special Linux ID (not used yet)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_SUBCMD: vendor sub-command
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_DATA: data for the vendor command, if any; this
+ *	attribute is also used for vendor command feature advertisement
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_EVENTS: used for event list advertising in the wiphy
+ *	info, containing a nested array of possible events
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_QOS_MAP: IP DSCP mapping for Interworking QoS mapping. This
+ *	data is in the format defined for the payload of the QoS Map Set element
+ *	in IEEE Std 802.11-2012, 8.4.2.97.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT: MAC address recommendation as initial BSS
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_HINT: frequency of the recommended initial BSS
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_AP_ASSOC_STA: Device attribute that indicates how many
+ *	associated stations are supported in AP mode (including P2P GO); u32.
+ *	Since drivers may not have a fixed limit on the maximum number (e.g.,
+ *	other concurrent operations may affect this), drivers are allowed to
+ *	advertise values that cannot always be met. In such cases, an attempt
+ *	to add a new station entry with @NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION may fail.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CSA_C_OFFSETS_TX: An array of csa counter offsets (u16) which
+ *	should be updated when the frame is transmitted.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_CSA_COUNTERS: U8 attribute used to advertise the maximum
+ *	supported number of csa counters.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_PEER_CAPABILITY: flags for TDLS peer capabilities, u32.
+ *	As specified in the &enum nl80211_tdls_peer_capability.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SOCKET_OWNER: Flag attribute, if set during interface
+ *	creation then the new interface will be owned by the netlink socket
+ *	that created it and will be destroyed when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during scheduled scan start then the new scan req will be
+ *	owned by the netlink socket that created it and the scheduled scan will
+ *	be stopped when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during configuration of regulatory indoor operation then the
+ *	regulatory indoor configuration would be owned by the netlink socket
+ *	that configured the indoor setting, and the indoor operation would be
+ *	cleared when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during NAN interface creation, the interface will be destroyed
+ *	if the socket is closed just like any other interface. Moreover, NAN
+ *	notifications will be sent in unicast to that socket. Without this
+ *	attribute, the notifications will be sent to the %NL80211_MCGRP_NAN
+ *	multicast group.
+ *	If set during %NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE or %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT the
+ *	station will deauthenticate when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during %NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS the IBSS will be automatically
+ *	torn down when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during %NL80211_CMD_JOIN_MESH the mesh setup will be
+ *	automatically torn down when the socket is closed.
+ *	If set during %NL80211_CMD_START_AP the AP will be automatically
+ *	disabled when the socket is closed.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_INITIATOR: flag attribute indicating the current end is
+ *	the TDLS link initiator.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_USE_RRM: flag for indicating whether the current connection
+ *	shall support Radio Resource Measurements (11k). This attribute can be
+ *	used with %NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE and %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT requests.
+ *	User space applications are expected to use this flag only if the
+ *	underlying device supports these minimal RRM features:
+ *		%NL80211_FEATURE_DS_PARAM_SET_IE_IN_PROBES,
+ *		%NL80211_FEATURE_QUIET,
+ *	Or, if global RRM is supported, see:
+ *		%NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_RRM
+ *	If this flag is used, driver must add the Power Capabilities IE to the
+ *	association request. In addition, it must also set the RRM capability
+ *	flag in the association request's Capability Info field.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_DYN_ACK: flag attribute used to enable ACK timeout
+ *	estimation algorithm (dynack). In order to activate dynack
+ *	%NL80211_FEATURE_ACKTO_ESTIMATION feature flag must be set by lower
+ *	drivers to indicate dynack capability. Dynack is automatically disabled
+ *	setting valid value for coverage class.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TSID: a TSID value (u8 attribute)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_USER_PRIO: user priority value (u8 attribute)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_ADMITTED_TIME: admitted time in units of 32 microseconds
+ *	(per second) (u16 attribute)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SMPS_MODE: SMPS mode to use (ap mode). see
+ *	&enum nl80211_smps_mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_OPER_CLASS: operating class
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAC_MASK: MAC address mask
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_SELF_MANAGED_REG: flag attribute indicating this device
+ *	is self-managing its regulatory information and any regulatory domain
+ *	obtained from it is coming from the device's wiphy and not the global
+ *	cfg80211 regdomain.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EXT_FEATURES: extended feature flags contained in a byte
+ *	array. The feature flags are identified by their bit index (see &enum
+ *	nl80211_ext_feature_index). The bit index is ordered starting at the
+ *	least-significant bit of the first byte in the array, ie. bit index 0
+ *	is located at bit 0 of byte 0. bit index 25 would be located at bit 1
+ *	of byte 3 (u8 array).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SURVEY_RADIO_STATS: Request overall radio statistics to be
+ *	returned along with other survey data. If set, @NL80211_CMD_GET_SURVEY
+ *	may return a survey entry without a channel indicating global radio
+ *	statistics (only some values are valid and make sense.)
+ *	For devices that don't return such an entry even then, the information
+ *	should be contained in the result as the sum of the respective counters
+ *	over all channels.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_DELAY: delay before the first cycle of a
+ *	scheduled scan is started.  Or the delay before a WoWLAN
+ *	net-detect scan is started, counting from the moment the
+ *	system is suspended.  This value is a u32, in seconds.
+
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_INDOOR: flag attribute, if set indicates that the device
+ *      is operating in an indoor environment.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS: maximum number of scan plans for
+ *	scheduled scan supported by the device (u32), a wiphy attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_PLAN_INTERVAL: maximum interval (in seconds) for
+ *	a scan plan (u32), a wiphy attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_PLAN_ITERATIONS: maximum number of iterations in
+ *	a scan plan (u32), a wiphy attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS: a list of scan plans for scheduled scan.
+ *	Each scan plan defines the number of scan iterations and the interval
+ *	between scans. The last scan plan will always run infinitely,
+ *	thus it must not specify the number of iterations, only the interval
+ *	between scans. The scan plans are executed sequentially.
+ *	Each scan plan is a nested attribute of &enum nl80211_sched_scan_plan.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PBSS: flag attribute. If set it means operate
+ *	in a PBSS. Specified in %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT to request
+ *	connecting to a PCP, and in %NL80211_CMD_START_AP to start
+ *	a PCP instead of AP. Relevant for DMG networks only.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SELECT: nested attribute for driver supporting the
+ *	BSS selection feature. When used with %NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY it contains
+ *	attributes according &enum nl80211_bss_select_attr to indicate what
+ *	BSS selection behaviours are supported. When used with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT
+ *	it contains the behaviour-specific attribute containing the parameters for
+ *	BSS selection to be done by driver and/or firmware.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORT_P2P_PS: whether P2P PS mechanism supported
+ *	or not. u8, one of the values of &enum nl80211_sta_p2p_ps_status
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE_EXT_CAPA: Nested attribute of the following attributes:
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE, %NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA_MASK, to specify the extended capabilities and
+ *	other interface-type specific capabilities per interface type. For MLO,
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_EML_CAPABILITY and %NL80211_ATTR_MLD_CAPA_AND_OPS are
+ *	present.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_GROUP_DATA: array of 24 bytes that defines a MU-MIMO
+ *	groupID for monitor mode.
+ *	The first 8 bytes are a mask that defines the membership in each
+ *	group (there are 64 groups, group 0 and 63 are reserved),
+ *	each bit represents a group and set to 1 for being a member in
+ *	that group and 0 for not being a member.
+ *	The remaining 16 bytes define the position in each group: 2 bits for
+ *	each group.
+ *	(smaller group numbers represented on most significant bits and bigger
+ *	group numbers on least significant bits.)
+ *	This attribute is used only if all interfaces are in monitor mode.
+ *	Set this attribute in order to monitor packets using the given MU-MIMO
+ *	groupID data.
+ *	to turn off that feature set all the bits of the groupID to zero.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_FOLLOW_MAC_ADDR: mac address for the sniffer to follow
+ *	when using MU-MIMO air sniffer.
+ *	to turn that feature off set an invalid mac address
+ *	(e.g. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_START_TIME_TSF: The time at which the scan was actually
+ *	started (u64). The time is the TSF of the BSS the interface that
+ *	requested the scan is connected to (if available, otherwise this
+ *	attribute must not be included).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_START_TIME_TSF_BSSID: The BSS according to which
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_START_TIME_TSF is set.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION: measurement duration in TUs (u16). If
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION_MANDATORY is not set, this is the
+ *	maximum measurement duration allowed. This attribute is used with
+ *	measurement requests. It can also be used with %NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN
+ *	if the scan is used for beacon report radio measurement.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION_MANDATORY: flag attribute that indicates
+ *	that the duration specified with %NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION is
+ *	mandatory. If this flag is not set, the duration is the maximum duration
+ *	and the actual measurement duration may be shorter.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MESH_PEER_AID: Association ID for the mesh peer (u16). This is
+ *	used to pull the stored data for mesh peer in power save state.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MASTER_PREF: the master preference to be used by
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_START_NAN and optionally with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_CHANGE_NAN_CONFIG. Its type is u8 and it can't be 0.
+ *	Also, values 1 and 255 are reserved for certification purposes and
+ *	should not be used during a normal device operation.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BANDS: operating bands configuration.  This is a u32
+ *	bitmask of BIT(NL80211_BAND_*) as described in %enum
+ *	nl80211_band.  For instance, for NL80211_BAND_2GHZ, bit 0
+ *	would be set.  This attribute is used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_START_NAN and %NL80211_CMD_CHANGE_NAN_CONFIG, and
+ *	it is optional.  If no bands are set, it means don't-care and
+ *	the device will decide what to use.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_NAN_FUNC: a function that can be added to NAN. See
+ *	&enum nl80211_nan_func_attributes for description of this nested
+ *	attribute.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MATCH: used to report a match. This is a nested attribute.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_nan_match_attributes.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_KEK: KEK for FILS (Re)Association Request/Response frame
+ *	protection.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_NONCES: Nonces (part of AAD) for FILS (Re)Association
+ *	Request/Response frame protection. This attribute contains the 16 octet
+ *	STA Nonce followed by 16 octets of AP Nonce.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MULTICAST_TO_UNICAST_ENABLED: Indicates whether or not multicast
+ *	packets should be send out as unicast to all stations (flag attribute).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_BSSID: The BSSID of the AP. Note that %NL80211_ATTR_MAC is also
+ *	used in various commands/events for specifying the BSSID.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI: Relative RSSI threshold by which
+ *	other BSSs has to be better or slightly worse than the current
+ *	connected BSS so that they get reported to user space.
+ *	This will give an opportunity to userspace to consider connecting to
+ *	other matching BSSs which have better or slightly worse RSSI than
+ *	the current connected BSS by using an offloaded operation to avoid
+ *	unnecessary wakeups.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RSSI_ADJUST: When present the RSSI level for BSSs in
+ *	the specified band is to be adjusted before doing
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI based comparison to figure out
+ *	better BSSs. The attribute value is a packed structure
+ *	value as specified by &struct nl80211_bss_select_rssi_adjust.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT_REASON: The reason for which an operation timed out.
+ *	u32 attribute with an &enum nl80211_timeout_reason value. This is used,
+ *	e.g., with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT event.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_USERNAME: EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP)
+ *	username part of NAI used to refer keys rRK and rIK. This is used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_REALM: EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) realm part
+ *	of NAI specifying the domain name of the ER server. This is used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_NEXT_SEQ_NUM: Unsigned 16-bit ERP next sequence number
+ *	to use in ERP messages. This is used in generating the FILS wrapped data
+ *	for FILS authentication and is used with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_RRK: ERP re-authentication Root Key (rRK) for the
+ *	NAI specified by %NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_USERNAME and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_REALM. This is used for generating rIK and rMSK
+ *	from successful FILS authentication and is used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID: A 2-octet identifier advertized by a FILS AP
+ *	identifying the scope of PMKSAs. This is used with
+ *	@NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA and @NL80211_CMD_DEL_PMKSA.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMK: attribute for passing PMK key material. Used with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA for the PMKSA identified by %NL80211_ATTR_PMKID.
+ *	For %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT and %NL80211_CMD_START_AP it is used to provide
+ *	PSK for offloading 4-way handshake for WPA/WPA2-PSK networks. For 802.1X
+ *	authentication it is used with %NL80211_CMD_SET_PMK. For offloaded FT
+ *	support this attribute specifies the PMK-R0 if NL80211_ATTR_PMKR0_NAME
+ *	is included as well.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MULTI: flag attribute which user-space shall use to
+ *	indicate that it supports multiple active scheduled scan requests.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MAX_REQS: indicates maximum number of scheduled
+ *	scan request that may be active for the device (u32).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WANT_1X_4WAY_HS: flag attribute which user-space can include
+ *	in %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT to indicate that for 802.1X authentication it
+ *	wants to use the supported offload of the 4-way handshake.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMKR0_NAME: PMK-R0 Name for offloaded FT.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PORT_AUTHORIZED: (reserved)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EXTERNAL_AUTH_ACTION: Identify the requested external
+ *     authentication operation (u32 attribute with an
+ *     &enum nl80211_external_auth_action value). This is used with the
+ *     %NL80211_CMD_EXTERNAL_AUTH request event.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EXTERNAL_AUTH_SUPPORT: Flag attribute indicating that the user
+ *	space supports external authentication. This attribute shall be used
+ *	with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT and %NL80211_CMD_START_AP request. The driver
+ *	may offload authentication processing to user space if this capability
+ *	is indicated in the respective requests from the user space. (This flag
+ *	attribute deprecated for %NL80211_CMD_START_AP, use
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_AP_SETTINGS_FLAGS)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_NSS: Station's New/updated  RX_NSS value notified using this
+ *	u8 attribute. This is used with %NL80211_CMD_STA_OPMODE_CHANGED.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_STATS: TXQ statistics (nested attribute, see &enum
+ *      nl80211_txq_stats)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_LIMIT: Total packet limit for the TXQ queues for this phy.
+ *      The smaller of this and the memory limit is enforced.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_MEMORY_LIMIT: Total memory limit (in bytes) for the
+ *      TXQ queues for this phy. The smaller of this and the packet limit is
+ *      enforced.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_QUANTUM: TXQ scheduler quantum (bytes). Number of bytes
+ *      a flow is assigned on each round of the DRR scheduler.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HE_CAPABILITY: HE Capability information element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION). Can be set
+ *	only if %NL80211_STA_FLAG_WME is set.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER: nested attribute which user-space can include
+ *	in %NL80211_CMD_START_AP or %NL80211_CMD_SET_BEACON for fine timing
+ *	measurement (FTM) responder functionality and containing parameters as
+ *	possible, see &enum nl80211_ftm_responder_attr
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS: Nested attribute with FTM responder
+ *	statistics, see &enum nl80211_ftm_responder_stats.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT: Timeout for the given operation in milliseconds (u32),
+ *	if the attribute is not given no timeout is requested. Note that 0 is an
+ *	invalid value.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PEER_MEASUREMENTS: peer measurements request (and result)
+ *	data, uses nested attributes specified in
+ *	&enum nl80211_peer_measurement_attrs.
+ *	This is also used for capability advertisement in the wiphy information,
+ *	with the appropriate sub-attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AIRTIME_WEIGHT: Station's weight when scheduled by the airtime
+ *	scheduler.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_TX_POWER_SETTING: Transmit power setting type (u8) for
+ *	station associated with the AP. See &enum nl80211_tx_power_setting for
+ *	possible values.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_STA_TX_POWER: Transmit power level (s16) in dBm units. This
+ *	allows to set Tx power for a station. If this attribute is not included,
+ *	the default per-interface tx power setting will be overriding. Driver
+ *	should be picking up the lowest tx power, either tx power per-interface
+ *	or per-station.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SAE_PASSWORD: attribute for passing SAE password material. It
+ *	is used with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT to provide password for offloading
+ *	SAE authentication for WPA3-Personal networks.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TWT_RESPONDER: Enable target wait time responder support.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HE_OBSS_PD: nested attribute for OBSS Packet Detection
+ *	functionality.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_EDMG_CHANNELS: bitmap that indicates the 2.16 GHz
+ *	channel(s) that are allowed to be used for EDMG transmissions.
+ *	Defined by IEEE P802.11ay/D4.0 section 9.4.2.251. (u8 attribute)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_EDMG_BW_CONFIG: Channel BW Configuration subfield encodes
+ *	the allowed channel bandwidth configurations. (u8 attribute)
+ *	Defined by IEEE P802.11ay/D4.0 section 9.4.2.251, Table 13.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_VLAN_ID: VLAN ID (1..4094) for the station and VLAN group key
+ *	(u16).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HE_BSS_COLOR: nested attribute for BSS Color Settings.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE_AKM_SUITES: nested array attribute, with each entry
+ *	using attributes from &enum nl80211_iftype_akm_attributes. This
+ *	attribute is sent in a response to %NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY indicating
+ *	supported AKM suites capability per interface. AKMs advertised in
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES are default capabilities if AKM suites not
+ *	advertised for a specific interface type.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TID_CONFIG: TID specific configuration in a
+ *	nested attribute with &enum nl80211_tid_config_attr sub-attributes;
+ *	on output (in wiphy attributes) it contains only the feature sub-
+ *	attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_PREAUTH: disable preauth frame rx on control
+ *	port in order to forward/receive them as ordinary data frames.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMK_LIFETIME: Maximum lifetime for PMKSA in seconds (u32,
+ *	dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold; 0 is not a valid value).
+ *	An optional parameter configured through %NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA.
+ *	Drivers that trigger roaming need to know the lifetime of the
+ *	configured PMKSA for triggering the full vs. PMKSA caching based
+ *	authentication. This timeout helps authentication methods like SAE,
+ *	where PMK gets updated only by going through a full (new SAE)
+ *	authentication instead of getting updated during an association for EAP
+ *	authentication. No new full authentication within the PMK expiry shall
+ *	result in a disassociation at the end of the lifetime.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_PMK_REAUTH_THRESHOLD: Reauthentication threshold time, in
+ *	terms of percentage of %NL80211_ATTR_PMK_LIFETIME
+ *	(u8, dot11RSNAConfigPMKReauthThreshold, 1..100). This is an optional
+ *	parameter configured through %NL80211_CMD_SET_PMKSA. Requests the
+ *	driver to trigger a full authentication roam (without PMKSA caching)
+ *	after the reauthentication threshold time, but before the PMK lifetime
+ *	has expired.
+ *
+ *	Authentication methods like SAE need to be able to generate a new PMKSA
+ *	entry without having to force a disconnection after the PMK timeout. If
+ *	no roaming occurs between the reauth threshold and PMK expiration,
+ *	disassociation is still forced.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RECEIVE_MULTICAST: multicast flag for the
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_REGISTER_FRAME command, see the description there.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET: offset of the associated
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ in positive KHz. Only valid when supplied with
+ *	an %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1_OFFSET: Center frequency offset in KHz for the
+ *	first channel segment specified in %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ: nested attribute with KHz frequencies
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_HE_6GHZ_CAPABILITY: HE 6 GHz Band Capability element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FILS_DISCOVERY: Optional parameter to configure FILS
+ *	discovery. It is a nested attribute, see
+ *	&enum nl80211_fils_discovery_attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP: Optional parameter to configure
+ *	unsolicited broadcast probe response. It is a nested attribute, see
+ *	&enum nl80211_unsol_bcast_probe_resp_attributes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_S1G_CAPABILITY: S1G Capability information element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_S1G_CAPABILITY_MASK: S1G Capability Information element
+ *	override mask. Used with NL80211_ATTR_S1G_CAPABILITY in
+ *	NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE or NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SAE_PWE: Indicates the mechanism(s) allowed for SAE PWE
+ *	derivation in WPA3-Personal networks which are using SAE authentication.
+ *	This is a u8 attribute that encapsulates one of the values from
+ *	&enum nl80211_sae_pwe_mechanism.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_SAR_SPEC: SAR power limitation specification when
+ *	used with %NL80211_CMD_SET_SAR_SPECS. The message contains fields
+ *	of %nl80211_sar_attrs which specifies the sar type and related
+ *	sar specs. Sar specs contains array of %nl80211_sar_specs_attrs.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RECONNECT_REQUESTED: flag attribute, used with deauth and
+ *	disassoc events to indicate that an immediate reconnect to the AP
+ *	is desired.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_OBSS_COLOR_BITMAP: bitmap of the u64 BSS colors for the
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_OBSS_COLOR_COLLISION event.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_COUNT: u8 attribute specifying the number of TBTT's
+ *	until the color switch event.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_COLOR: u8 attribute specifying the color that we are
+ *	switching to
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_ELEMS: Nested set of attributes containing the IE
+ *	information for the time while performing a color switch.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_CONFIG: Nested attribute for multiple BSSID
+ *	advertisements (MBSSID) parameters in AP mode.
+ *	Kernel uses this attribute to indicate the driver's support for MBSSID
+ *	and enhanced multi-BSSID advertisements (EMA AP) to the userspace.
+ *	Userspace should use this attribute to configure per interface MBSSID
+ *	parameters.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_mbssid_config_attributes for details.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_ELEMS: Nested parameter to pass multiple BSSID elements.
+ *	Mandatory parameter for the transmitting interface to enable MBSSID.
+ *	Optional for the non-transmitting interfaces.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_BACKGROUND: Configure dedicated offchannel chain
+ *	available for radar/CAC detection on some hw. This chain can't be used
+ *	to transmit or receive frames and it is bounded to a running wdev.
+ *	Background radar/CAC detection allows to avoid the CAC downtime
+ *	switching on a different channel during CAC detection on the selected
+ *	radar channel.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_AP_SETTINGS_FLAGS: u32 attribute contains ap settings flags,
+ *	enumerated in &enum nl80211_ap_settings_flags. This attribute shall be
+ *	used with %NL80211_CMD_START_AP request.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EHT_CAPABILITY: EHT Capability information element (from
+ *	association request when used with NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION). Can be set
+ *	only if %NL80211_STA_FLAG_WME is set.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID: A (u8) link ID for use with MLO, to be used with
+ *	various commands that need a link ID to operate.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINKS: A nested array of links, each containing some
+ *	per-link information and a link ID.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MLD_ADDR: An MLD address, used with various commands such as
+ *	authenticate/associate.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MLO_SUPPORT: Flag attribute to indicate user space supports MLO
+ *	connection. Used with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT. If this attribute is not
+ *	included in NL80211_CMD_CONNECT drivers must not perform MLO connection.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_AKM_SUITES: U16 attribute. Indicates maximum number of
+ *	AKM suites allowed for %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT, %NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE and
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_START_AP in %NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY response. If this
+ *	attribute is not present userspace shall consider maximum number of AKM
+ *	suites allowed as %NL80211_MAX_NR_AKM_SUITES which is the legacy maximum
+ *	number prior to the introduction of this attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_EML_CAPABILITY: EML Capability information (u16)
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MLD_CAPA_AND_OPS: MLD Capabilities and Operations (u16)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TX_HW_TIMESTAMP: Hardware timestamp for TX operation in
+ *	nanoseconds (u64). This is the device clock timestamp so it will
+ *	probably reset when the device is stopped or the firmware is reset.
+ *	When used with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS, indicates the frame TX
+ *	timestamp. When used with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME RX notification, indicates
+ *	the ack TX timestamp.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_RX_HW_TIMESTAMP: Hardware timestamp for RX operation in
+ *	nanoseconds (u64). This is the device clock timestamp so it will
+ *	probably reset when the device is stopped or the firmware is reset.
+ *	When used with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS, indicates the ack RX
+ *	timestamp. When used with %NL80211_CMD_FRAME RX notification, indicates
+ *	the incoming frame RX timestamp.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_TD_BITMAP: Transition Disable bitmap, for subsequent
+ *	(re)associations.
+ * @NUM_NL80211_ATTR: total number of nl80211_attrs available
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_attrs {
+/* don't change the order or add anything between, this is ABI! */
+	NL80211_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAC,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DATA,
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_CIPHER,
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_SEQ,
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_ATTR_DTIM_PERIOD,
+	NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_HEAD,
+	NL80211_ATTR_BEACON_TAIL,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_AID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_FLAGS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_LISTEN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_RATES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_VLAN,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_INFO,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_BANDS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MNTR_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MESH_ID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_PLINK_ACTION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_NEXT_HOP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_INFO,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_CTS_PROT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SHORT_PREAMBLE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SHORT_SLOT_TIME,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_IFTYPES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA2,
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MESH_CONFIG,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_BASIC_RATES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TXQ_PARAMS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_CHANNEL_TYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT_MGMT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_IE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCAN_SSIDS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_GENERATION, /* replaces old SCAN_GENERATION */
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR,
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FRAME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SSID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_TYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_IE_LEN,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_BEFORE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_AFTER,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_FIXED,
+
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_SHORT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RETRY_LONG,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FRAG_THRESHOLD,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_RTS_THRESHOLD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_USE_MFP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_FLAGS2,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TESTDATA,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PRIVACY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DISCONNECTED_BY_AP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES_PAIRWISE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITE_GROUP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WPA_VERSIONS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_REQ_IE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_RESP_IE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PREV_BSSID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEYS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_4ADDR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SURVEY_INFO,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMKID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_PMKIDS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DURATION,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_COVERAGE_CLASS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TX_RATES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_MATCH,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_ACK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_LOCAL_STATE_CHANGE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_AP_ISOLATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_SETTING,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TX_POWER_LEVEL,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TX_FRAME_TYPES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_RX_FRAME_TYPES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FRAME_TYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_ETHERTYPE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_ENCRYPT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_IBSS_RSN,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_TX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_RX,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MCAST_RATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_OFFCHANNEL_TX_OK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_HT_OPMODE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL_DURATION,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MESH_SETUP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_AVAIL_TX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_ANTENNA_AVAIL_RX,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_MESH_AUTH,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_PLINK_STATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS_SUPPORTED,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_INTERVAL,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SOFTWARE_IFTYPES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_REKEY_DATA,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCHED_SCAN_SSIDS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCHED_SCAN_IE_LEN,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SUPP_RATES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HIDDEN_SSID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_IE_PROBE_RESP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_IE_ASSOC_RESP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_WME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_AP_UAPSD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_ROAM_SUPPORT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_MATCH_SETS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMKSA_CANDIDATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TX_NO_CCK_RATE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_ACTION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_DIALOG_TOKEN,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_OPERATION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_SUPPORT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_EXTERNAL_SETUP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DEVICE_AP_SME,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DONT_WAIT_FOR_ACK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DFS_REGION,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_HT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_NOACK_MAP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RX_SIGNAL_DBM,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BG_SCAN_PERIOD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WDEV,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_USER_REG_HINT_TYPE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONN_FAILED_REASON,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_DATA,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_VHT_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CHANNEL_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ2,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_P2P_CTWINDOW,
+	NL80211_ATTR_P2P_OPPPS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_LOCAL_MESH_POWER_MODE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_ACL_POLICY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ADDRS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAC_ACL_MAX,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_EVENT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA,
+	NL80211_ATTR_EXT_CAPA_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_CAPABILITY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_EXT_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PROTOCOL_FEATURES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SPLIT_WIPHY_DUMP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_VHT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_VHT_CAPABILITY_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MDID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_IE_RIC,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CRIT_PROT_ID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_CRIT_PROT_DURATION,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PEER_AID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_COUNT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CH_SWITCH_BLOCK_TX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CSA_IES,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_BEACON,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_PRESP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RXMGMT_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_CHANNELS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORTED_OPER_CLASSES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HANDLE_DFS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_5_MHZ,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SUPPORT_10_MHZ,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_OPMODE_NOTIF,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_ID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_SUBCMD,
+	NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_DATA,
+	NL80211_ATTR_VENDOR_EVENTS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_QOS_MAP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAC_HINT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_HINT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_AP_ASSOC_STA,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_PEER_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SOCKET_OWNER,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CSA_C_OFFSETS_TX,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_CSA_COUNTERS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_INITIATOR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_USE_RRM,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_DYN_ACK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TSID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_USER_PRIO,
+	NL80211_ATTR_ADMITTED_TIME,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SMPS_MODE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_OPER_CLASS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAC_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_SELF_MANAGED_REG,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_EXT_FEATURES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SURVEY_RADIO_STATS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_NETNS_FD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_DELAY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_INDOOR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_PLAN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_SCAN_PLAN_ITERATIONS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_PLANS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PBSS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SELECT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_SUPPORT_P2P_PS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PAD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE_EXT_CAPA,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_GROUP_DATA,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_FOLLOW_MAC_ADDR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_START_TIME_TSF,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_START_TIME_TSF_BSSID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MEASUREMENT_DURATION_MANDATORY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MESH_PEER_AID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MASTER_PREF,
+	NL80211_ATTR_BANDS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_NAN_FUNC,
+	NL80211_ATTR_NAN_MATCH,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_KEK,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_NONCES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MULTICAST_TO_UNICAST_ENABLED,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_BSSID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RSSI_ADJUST,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT_REASON,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_USERNAME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_REALM,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_NEXT_SEQ_NUM,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_ERP_RRK,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_CACHE_ID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MULTI,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MAX_REQS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WANT_1X_4WAY_HS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMKR0_NAME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_PORT_AUTHORIZED,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_EXTERNAL_AUTH_ACTION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_EXTERNAL_AUTH_SUPPORT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_NSS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_ACK_SIGNAL,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_STATS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_LIMIT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_MEMORY_LIMIT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TXQ_QUANTUM,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HE_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TIMEOUT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PEER_MEASUREMENTS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_AIRTIME_WEIGHT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_TX_POWER_SETTING,
+	NL80211_ATTR_STA_TX_POWER,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SAE_PASSWORD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TWT_RESPONDER,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HE_OBSS_PD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_EDMG_CHANNELS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_EDMG_BW_CONFIG,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_VLAN_ID,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HE_BSS_COLOR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE_AKM_SUITES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TID_CONFIG,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_CONTROL_PORT_NO_PREAUTH,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMK_LIFETIME,
+	NL80211_ATTR_PMK_REAUTH_THRESHOLD,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RECEIVE_MULTICAST,
+	NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_HE_6GHZ_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FILS_DISCOVERY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_S1G_CAPABILITY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_S1G_CAPABILITY_MASK,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SAE_PWE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RECONNECT_REQUESTED,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_SAR_SPEC,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_HE,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_OBSS_COLOR_BITMAP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_COUNT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_COLOR,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COLOR_CHANGE_ELEMS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_CONFIG,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MBSSID_ELEMS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_BACKGROUND,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_AP_SETTINGS_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_EHT_CAPABILITY,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DISABLE_EHT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINKS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MLO_LINK_ID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MLD_ADDR,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MLO_SUPPORT,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_AKM_SUITES,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_EML_CAPABILITY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MLD_CAPA_AND_OPS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_TX_HW_TIMESTAMP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_RX_HW_TIMESTAMP,
+	NL80211_ATTR_TD_BITMAP,
+
+	/* add attributes here, update the policy in nl80211.c */
+
+	__NL80211_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NUM_NL80211_ATTR = __NL80211_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/* source-level API compatibility */
+#define NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_GENERATION NL80211_ATTR_GENERATION
+#define	NL80211_ATTR_MESH_PARAMS NL80211_ATTR_MESH_CONFIG
+#define NL80211_ATTR_IFACE_SOCKET_OWNER NL80211_ATTR_SOCKET_OWNER
+#define NL80211_ATTR_SAE_DATA NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_DATA
+#define NL80211_ATTR_CSA_C_OFF_BEACON NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_BEACON
+#define NL80211_ATTR_CSA_C_OFF_PRESP NL80211_ATTR_CNTDWN_OFFS_PRESP
+
+/*
+ * Allow user space programs to use #ifdef on new attributes by defining them
+ * here
+ */
+#define NL80211_CMD_CONNECT NL80211_CMD_CONNECT
+#define NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY NL80211_ATTR_HT_CAPABILITY
+#define NL80211_ATTR_BSS_BASIC_RATES NL80211_ATTR_BSS_BASIC_RATES
+#define NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TXQ_PARAMS NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_TXQ_PARAMS
+#define NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ
+#define NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_CHANNEL_TYPE NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_CHANNEL_TYPE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE NL80211_ATTR_MGMT_SUBTYPE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_IE NL80211_ATTR_IE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR
+#define NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_FRAME NL80211_ATTR_FRAME
+#define NL80211_ATTR_SSID NL80211_ATTR_SSID
+#define NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE NL80211_ATTR_AUTH_TYPE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES_PAIRWISE NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITES_PAIRWISE
+#define NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITE_GROUP NL80211_ATTR_CIPHER_SUITE_GROUP
+#define NL80211_ATTR_WPA_VERSIONS NL80211_ATTR_WPA_VERSIONS
+#define NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES NL80211_ATTR_AKM_SUITES
+#define NL80211_ATTR_KEY NL80211_ATTR_KEY
+#define NL80211_ATTR_KEYS NL80211_ATTR_KEYS
+#define NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS NL80211_ATTR_FEATURE_FLAGS
+
+#define NL80211_WIPHY_NAME_MAXLEN		64
+
+#define NL80211_MAX_SUPP_RATES			32
+#define NL80211_MAX_SUPP_HT_RATES		77
+#define NL80211_MAX_SUPP_REG_RULES		128
+#define NL80211_TKIP_DATA_OFFSET_ENCR_KEY	0
+#define NL80211_TKIP_DATA_OFFSET_TX_MIC_KEY	16
+#define NL80211_TKIP_DATA_OFFSET_RX_MIC_KEY	24
+#define NL80211_HT_CAPABILITY_LEN		26
+#define NL80211_VHT_CAPABILITY_LEN		12
+#define NL80211_HE_MIN_CAPABILITY_LEN           16
+#define NL80211_HE_MAX_CAPABILITY_LEN           54
+#define NL80211_MAX_NR_CIPHER_SUITES		5
+
+/*
+ * NL80211_MAX_NR_AKM_SUITES is obsolete when %NL80211_ATTR_MAX_NUM_AKM_SUITES
+ * present in %NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY response.
+ */
+#define NL80211_MAX_NR_AKM_SUITES		2
+#define NL80211_EHT_MIN_CAPABILITY_LEN          13
+#define NL80211_EHT_MAX_CAPABILITY_LEN          51
+
+#define NL80211_MIN_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL_TIME	10
+
+/* default RSSI threshold for scan results if none specified. */
+#define NL80211_SCAN_RSSI_THOLD_OFF		-300
+
+#define NL80211_CQM_TXE_MAX_INTVL		1800
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_iftype - (virtual) interface types
+ *
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_UNSPECIFIED: unspecified type, driver decides
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_ADHOC: independent BSS member
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_STATION: managed BSS member
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_AP: access point
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_AP_VLAN: VLAN interface for access points; VLAN interfaces
+ *	are a bit special in that they must always be tied to a pre-existing
+ *	AP type interface.
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_WDS: wireless distribution interface
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_MONITOR: monitor interface receiving all frames
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_MESH_POINT: mesh point
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_CLIENT: P2P client
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_GO: P2P group owner
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_DEVICE: P2P device interface type, this is not a netdev
+ *	and therefore can't be created in the normal ways, use the
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_START_P2P_DEVICE and %NL80211_CMD_STOP_P2P_DEVICE
+ *	commands to create and destroy one
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_OCB: Outside Context of a BSS
+ *	This mode corresponds to the MIB variable dot11OCBActivated=true
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_NAN: NAN device interface type (not a netdev)
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_MAX: highest interface type number currently defined
+ * @NUM_NL80211_IFTYPES: number of defined interface types
+ *
+ * These values are used with the %NL80211_ATTR_IFTYPE
+ * to set the type of an interface.
+ *
+ */
+enum nl80211_iftype {
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_ADHOC,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_STATION,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_AP,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_AP_VLAN,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_WDS,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_MONITOR,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_MESH_POINT,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_CLIENT,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_GO,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_P2P_DEVICE,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_OCB,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_NAN,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_IFTYPES,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_MAX = NUM_NL80211_IFTYPES - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sta_flags - station flags
+ *
+ * Station flags. When a station is added to an AP interface, it is
+ * assumed to be already associated (and hence authenticated.)
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_STA_FLAG_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_AUTHORIZED: station is authorized (802.1X)
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_SHORT_PREAMBLE: station is capable of receiving frames
+ *	with short barker preamble
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_WME: station is WME/QoS capable
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_MFP: station uses management frame protection
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_AUTHENTICATED: station is authenticated
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_TDLS_PEER: station is a TDLS peer -- this flag should
+ *	only be used in managed mode (even in the flags mask). Note that the
+ *	flag can't be changed, it is only valid while adding a station, and
+ *	attempts to change it will silently be ignored (rather than rejected
+ *	as errors.)
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_ASSOCIATED: station is associated; used with drivers
+ *	that support %NL80211_FEATURE_FULL_AP_CLIENT_STATE to transition a
+ *	previously added station into associated state
+ * @NL80211_STA_FLAG_MAX: highest station flag number currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_STA_FLAG_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_sta_flags {
+	__NL80211_STA_FLAG_INVALID,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_AUTHORIZED,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_SHORT_PREAMBLE,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_WME,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_MFP,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_AUTHENTICATED,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_TDLS_PEER,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_ASSOCIATED,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_STA_FLAG_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_STA_FLAG_MAX = __NL80211_STA_FLAG_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sta_p2p_ps_status - station support of P2P PS
+ *
+ * @NL80211_P2P_PS_UNSUPPORTED: station doesn't support P2P PS mechanism
+ * @@NL80211_P2P_PS_SUPPORTED: station supports P2P PS mechanism
+ * @NUM_NL80211_P2P_PS_STATUS: number of values
+ */
+enum nl80211_sta_p2p_ps_status {
+	NL80211_P2P_PS_UNSUPPORTED = 0,
+	NL80211_P2P_PS_SUPPORTED,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_P2P_PS_STATUS,
+};
+
+#define NL80211_STA_FLAG_MAX_OLD_API	NL80211_STA_FLAG_TDLS_PEER
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_sta_flag_update - station flags mask/set
+ * @mask: mask of station flags to set
+ * @set: which values to set them to
+ *
+ * Both mask and set contain bits as per &enum nl80211_sta_flags.
+ */
+struct nl80211_sta_flag_update {
+	__u32 mask;
+	__u32 set;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_he_gi - HE guard interval
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_0_8: 0.8 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_1_6: 1.6 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_3_2: 3.2 usec
+ */
+enum nl80211_he_gi {
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_0_8,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_1_6,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI_3_2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_he_ltf - HE long training field
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_1xLTF: 3.2 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_2xLTF: 6.4 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_4xLTF: 12.8 usec
+ */
+enum nl80211_he_ltf {
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_1XLTF,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_2XLTF,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_4XLTF,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_he_ru_alloc - HE RU allocation values
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_26: 26-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_52: 52-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_106: 106-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_242: 242-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_484: 484-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_996: 996-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_2x996: 2x996-tone RU allocation
+ */
+enum nl80211_he_ru_alloc {
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_26,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_52,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_106,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_242,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_484,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_996,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC_2x996,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_eht_gi - EHT guard interval
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_0_8: 0.8 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_1_6: 1.6 usec
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_3_2: 3.2 usec
+ */
+enum nl80211_eht_gi {
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_0_8,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_1_6,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI_3_2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_eht_ru_alloc - EHT RU allocation values
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_26: 26-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_52: 52-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_52P26: 52+26-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_106: 106-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_106P26: 106+26 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_242: 242-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_484: 484-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_484P242: 484+242 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996: 996-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996P484: 996+484 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996P484P242: 996+484+242 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_2x996: 2x996-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_2x996P484: 2x996+484 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_3x996: 3x996-tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_3x996P484: 3x996+484 tone RU allocation
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_4x996: 4x996-tone RU allocation
+ */
+enum nl80211_eht_ru_alloc {
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_26,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_52,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_52P26,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_106,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_106P26,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_242,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_484,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_484P242,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996P484,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_996P484P242,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_2x996,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_2x996P484,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_3x996,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_3x996P484,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC_4x996,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_rate_info - bitrate information
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_STA_INFO_TXRATE
+ * when getting information about the bitrate of a station.
+ * There are 2 attributes for bitrate, a legacy one that represents
+ * a 16-bit value, and new one that represents a 32-bit value.
+ * If the rate value fits into 16 bit, both attributes are reported
+ * with the same value. If the rate is too high to fit into 16 bits
+ * (>6.5535Gbps) only 32-bit attribute is included.
+ * User space tools encouraged to use the 32-bit attribute and fall
+ * back to the 16-bit one for compatibility with older kernels.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_RATE_INFO_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_BITRATE: total bitrate (u16, 100kbit/s)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_MCS: mcs index for 802.11n (u8)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_40_MHZ_WIDTH: 40 MHz dualchannel bitrate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_SHORT_GI: 400ns guard interval
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_BITRATE32: total bitrate (u32, 100kbit/s)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_MAX: highest rate_info number currently defined
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_VHT_MCS: MCS index for VHT (u8)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_VHT_NSS: number of streams in VHT (u8)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_80_MHZ_WIDTH: 80 MHz VHT rate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_80P80_MHZ_WIDTH: unused - 80+80 is treated the
+ *	same as 160 for purposes of the bitrates
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_160_MHZ_WIDTH: 160 MHz VHT rate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_10_MHZ_WIDTH: 10 MHz width - note that this is
+ *	a legacy rate and will be reported as the actual bitrate, i.e.
+ *	half the base (20 MHz) rate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_5_MHZ_WIDTH: 5 MHz width - note that this is
+ *	a legacy rate and will be reported as the actual bitrate, i.e.
+ *	a quarter of the base (20 MHz) rate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_MCS: HE MCS index (u8, 0-11)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_NSS: HE NSS value (u8, 1-8)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI: HE guard interval identifier
+ *	(u8, see &enum nl80211_he_gi)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_DCM: HE DCM value (u8, 0/1)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_RU_ALLOC: HE RU allocation, if not present then
+ *	non-OFDMA was used (u8, see &enum nl80211_he_ru_alloc)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_320_MHZ_WIDTH: 320 MHz bitrate
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_MCS: EHT MCS index (u8, 0-15)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_NSS: EHT NSS value (u8, 1-8)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI: EHT guard interval identifier
+ *	(u8, see &enum nl80211_eht_gi)
+ * @NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC: EHT RU allocation, if not present then
+ *	non-OFDMA was used (u8, see &enum nl80211_eht_ru_alloc)
+ * @__NL80211_RATE_INFO_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_rate_info {
+	__NL80211_RATE_INFO_INVALID,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_BITRATE,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_MCS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_40_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_SHORT_GI,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_BITRATE32,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_VHT_MCS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_VHT_NSS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_80_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_80P80_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_160_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_10_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_5_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_MCS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_NSS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_GI,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_DCM,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_HE_RU_ALLOC,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_320_MHZ_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_MCS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_NSS,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_GI,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_EHT_RU_ALLOC,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_RATE_INFO_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_RATE_INFO_MAX = __NL80211_RATE_INFO_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sta_bss_param - BSS information collected by STA
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_STA_INFO_BSS_PARAM
+ * when getting information about the bitrate of a station.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_CTS_PROT: whether CTS protection is enabled (flag)
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_SHORT_PREAMBLE:  whether short preamble is enabled
+ *	(flag)
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_SHORT_SLOT_TIME:  whether short slot time is enabled
+ *	(flag)
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_DTIM_PERIOD: DTIM period for beaconing (u8)
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_BEACON_INTERVAL: Beacon interval (u16)
+ * @NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_MAX: highest sta_bss_param number currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_sta_bss_param {
+	__NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_INVALID,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_CTS_PROT,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_SHORT_PREAMBLE,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_SHORT_SLOT_TIME,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_DTIM_PERIOD,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_BEACON_INTERVAL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_MAX = __NL80211_STA_BSS_PARAM_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sta_info - station information
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_ATTR_STA_INFO
+ * when getting information about a station.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_STA_INFO_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_INACTIVE_TIME: time since last activity (u32, msecs)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BYTES: total received bytes (MPDU length)
+ *	(u32, from this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BYTES: total transmitted bytes (MPDU length)
+ *	(u32, to this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BYTES64: total received bytes (MPDU length)
+ *	(u64, from this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BYTES64: total transmitted bytes (MPDU length)
+ *	(u64, to this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_SIGNAL: signal strength of last received PPDU (u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BITRATE: current unicast tx rate, nested attribute
+ * 	containing info as possible, see &enum nl80211_rate_info
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_PACKETS: total received packet (MSDUs and MMPDUs)
+ *	(u32, from this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_PACKETS: total transmitted packets (MSDUs and MMPDUs)
+ *	(u32, to this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_RETRIES: total retries (MPDUs) (u32, to this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_FAILED: total failed packets (MPDUs)
+ *	(u32, to this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_SIGNAL_AVG: signal strength average (u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_LLID: the station's mesh LLID
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_PLID: the station's mesh PLID
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_PLINK_STATE: peer link state for the station
+ *	(see %enum nl80211_plink_state)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BITRATE: last unicast data frame rx rate, nested
+ *	attribute, like NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BITRATE.
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_BSS_PARAM: current station's view of BSS, nested attribute
+ *     containing info as possible, see &enum nl80211_sta_bss_param
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TIME: time since the station is last connected
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_STA_FLAGS: Contains a struct nl80211_sta_flag_update.
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_LOSS: count of times beacon loss was detected (u32)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_T_OFFSET: timing offset with respect to this STA (s64)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_LOCAL_PM: local mesh STA link-specific power mode
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_PEER_PM: peer mesh STA link-specific power mode
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_NONPEER_PM: neighbor mesh STA power save mode towards
+ *	non-peer STA
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_CHAIN_SIGNAL: per-chain signal strength of last PPDU
+ *	Contains a nested array of signal strength attributes (u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_CHAIN_SIGNAL_AVG: per-chain signal strength average
+ *	Same format as NL80211_STA_INFO_CHAIN_SIGNAL.
+ * @NL80211_STA_EXPECTED_THROUGHPUT: expected throughput considering also the
+ *	802.11 header (u32, kbps)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_DROP_MISC: RX packets dropped for unspecified reasons
+ *	(u64)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_RX: number of beacons received from this peer (u64)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_SIGNAL_AVG: signal strength average
+ *	for beacons only (u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TID_STATS: per-TID statistics (see &enum nl80211_tid_stats)
+ *	This is a nested attribute where each the inner attribute number is the
+ *	TID+1 and the special TID 16 (i.e. value 17) is used for non-QoS frames;
+ *	each one of those is again nested with &enum nl80211_tid_stats
+ *	attributes carrying the actual values.
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_DURATION: aggregate PPDU duration for all frames
+ *	received from the station (u64, usec)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_ACK_SIGNAL: signal strength of the last ACK frame(u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_ACK_SIGNAL_AVG: avg signal strength of ACK frames (s8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_MPDUS: total number of received packets (MPDUs)
+ *	(u32, from this station)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_FCS_ERROR_COUNT: total number of packets (MPDUs) received
+ *	with an FCS error (u32, from this station). This count may not include
+ *	some packets with an FCS error due to TA corruption. Hence this counter
+ *	might not be fully accurate.
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TO_GATE: set to true if STA has a path to a
+ *	mesh gate (u8, 0 or 1)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_DURATION: aggregate PPDU duration for all frames
+ *	sent to the station (u64, usec)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_AIRTIME_WEIGHT: current airtime weight for station (u16)
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_AIRTIME_LINK_METRIC: airtime link metric for mesh station
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_ASSOC_AT_BOOTTIME: Timestamp (CLOCK_BOOTTIME, nanoseconds)
+ *	of STA's association
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TO_AS: set to true if STA has a path to a
+ *	authentication server (u8, 0 or 1)
+ * @__NL80211_STA_INFO_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_STA_INFO_MAX: highest possible station info attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_sta_info {
+	__NL80211_STA_INFO_INVALID,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_INACTIVE_TIME,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BYTES,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BYTES,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_LLID,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_PLID,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_PLINK_STATE,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_SIGNAL,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BITRATE,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_PACKETS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_PACKETS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_FAILED,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_SIGNAL_AVG,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BITRATE,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_BSS_PARAM,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TIME,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_STA_FLAGS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_LOSS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_T_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_LOCAL_PM,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_PEER_PM,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_NONPEER_PM,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_BYTES64,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_BYTES64,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_CHAIN_SIGNAL,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_CHAIN_SIGNAL_AVG,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_EXPECTED_THROUGHPUT,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_DROP_MISC,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_RX,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_BEACON_SIGNAL_AVG,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TID_STATS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_DURATION,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_PAD,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_ACK_SIGNAL,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_ACK_SIGNAL_AVG,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_RX_MPDUS,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_FCS_ERROR_COUNT,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TO_GATE,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_TX_DURATION,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_AIRTIME_WEIGHT,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_AIRTIME_LINK_METRIC,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_ASSOC_AT_BOOTTIME,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_CONNECTED_TO_AS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_STA_INFO_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_STA_INFO_MAX = __NL80211_STA_INFO_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/* we renamed this - stay compatible */
+#define NL80211_STA_INFO_DATA_ACK_SIGNAL_AVG NL80211_STA_INFO_ACK_SIGNAL_AVG
+
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tid_stats - per TID statistics attributes
+ * @__NL80211_TID_STATS_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_RX_MSDU: number of MSDUs received (u64)
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU: number of MSDUs transmitted (or
+ *	attempted to transmit; u64)
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU_RETRIES: number of retries for
+ *	transmitted MSDUs (not counting the first attempt; u64)
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU_FAILED: number of failed transmitted
+ *	MSDUs (u64)
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_TXQ_STATS: TXQ stats (nested attribute)
+ * @NUM_NL80211_TID_STATS: number of attributes here
+ * @NL80211_TID_STATS_MAX: highest numbered attribute here
+ */
+enum nl80211_tid_stats {
+	__NL80211_TID_STATS_INVALID,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_RX_MSDU,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_TX_MSDU_FAILED,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_PAD,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_TXQ_STATS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_TID_STATS,
+	NL80211_TID_STATS_MAX = NUM_NL80211_TID_STATS - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_txq_stats - per TXQ statistics attributes
+ * @__NL80211_TXQ_STATS_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NUM_NL80211_TXQ_STATS: number of attributes here
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_BACKLOG_BYTES: number of bytes currently backlogged
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_BACKLOG_PACKETS: number of packets currently
+ *      backlogged
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_FLOWS: total number of new flows seen
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_DROPS: total number of packet drops
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_ECN_MARKS: total number of packet ECN marks
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_OVERLIMIT: number of drops due to queue space overflow
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_OVERMEMORY: number of drops due to memory limit overflow
+ *      (only for per-phy stats)
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_COLLISIONS: number of hash collisions
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_TX_BYTES: total number of bytes dequeued from TXQ
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_TX_PACKETS: total number of packets dequeued from TXQ
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_MAX_FLOWS: number of flow buckets for PHY
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_STATS_MAX: highest numbered attribute here
+ */
+enum nl80211_txq_stats {
+	__NL80211_TXQ_STATS_INVALID,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_BACKLOG_BYTES,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_BACKLOG_PACKETS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_FLOWS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_DROPS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_ECN_MARKS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_OVERLIMIT,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_OVERMEMORY,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_COLLISIONS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_TX_BYTES,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_TX_PACKETS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_MAX_FLOWS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_TXQ_STATS,
+	NL80211_TXQ_STATS_MAX = NUM_NL80211_TXQ_STATS - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mpath_flags - nl80211 mesh path flags
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_ACTIVE: the mesh path is active
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_RESOLVING: the mesh path discovery process is running
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_SN_VALID: the mesh path contains a valid SN
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_FIXED: the mesh path has been manually set
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_RESOLVED: the mesh path discovery process succeeded
+ */
+enum nl80211_mpath_flags {
+	NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_ACTIVE =	1<<0,
+	NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_RESOLVING =	1<<1,
+	NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_SN_VALID =	1<<2,
+	NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_FIXED =	1<<3,
+	NL80211_MPATH_FLAG_RESOLVED =	1<<4,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mpath_info - mesh path information
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_ATTR_MPATH_INFO when getting
+ * information about a mesh path.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MPATH_INFO_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_FRAME_QLEN: number of queued frames for this destination
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_SN: destination sequence number
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_METRIC: metric (cost) of this mesh path
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_EXPTIME: expiration time for the path, in msec from now
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_FLAGS: mesh path flags, enumerated in
+ * 	&enum nl80211_mpath_flags;
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT: total path discovery timeout, in msec
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_DISCOVERY_RETRIES: mesh path discovery retries
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_HOP_COUNT: hop count to destination
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_PATH_CHANGE: total number of path changes to destination
+ * @NL80211_MPATH_INFO_MAX: highest mesh path information attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_MPATH_INFO_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_mpath_info {
+	__NL80211_MPATH_INFO_INVALID,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_FRAME_QLEN,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_SN,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_METRIC,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_EXPTIME,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_FLAGS,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_DISCOVERY_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_HOP_COUNT,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_PATH_CHANGE,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_MPATH_INFO_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_MPATH_INFO_MAX = __NL80211_MPATH_INFO_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_band_iftype_attr - Interface type data attributes
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_IFTYPES: nested attribute containing a flag attribute
+ *     for each interface type that supports the band data
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_MAC: HE MAC capabilities as in HE
+ *     capabilities IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_PHY: HE PHY capabilities as in HE
+ *     capabilities IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_MCS_SET: HE supported NSS/MCS as in HE
+ *     capabilities IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_PPE: HE PPE thresholds information as
+ *     defined in HE capabilities IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_6GHZ_CAPA: HE 6GHz band capabilities (__le16),
+ *	given for all 6 GHz band channels
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_VENDOR_ELEMS: vendor element capabilities that are
+ *	advertised on this band/for this iftype (binary)
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_MAC: EHT MAC capabilities as in EHT
+ *	capabilities element
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_PHY: EHT PHY capabilities as in EHT
+ *	capabilities element
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_MCS_SET: EHT supported NSS/MCS as in EHT
+ *	capabilities element
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_PPE: EHT PPE thresholds information as
+ *	defined in EHT capabilities element
+ * @__NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ * @NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_MAX: highest band attribute currently defined
+ */
+enum nl80211_band_iftype_attr {
+	__NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_IFTYPES,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_MAC,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_PHY,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_MCS_SET,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_CAP_PPE,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_HE_6GHZ_CAPA,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_VENDOR_ELEMS,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_MAC,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_PHY,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_MCS_SET,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_EHT_CAP_PPE,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_BAND_IFTYPE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_band_attr - band attributes
+ * @__NL80211_BAND_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_FREQS: supported frequencies in this band,
+ *	an array of nested frequency attributes
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_RATES: supported bitrates in this band,
+ *	an array of nested bitrate attributes
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_MCS_SET: 16-byte attribute containing the MCS set as
+ *	defined in 802.11n
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_CAPA: HT capabilities, as in the HT information IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_AMPDU_FACTOR: A-MPDU factor, as in 11n
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_AMPDU_DENSITY: A-MPDU density, as in 11n
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_VHT_MCS_SET: 32-byte attribute containing the MCS set as
+ *	defined in 802.11ac
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_VHT_CAPA: VHT capabilities, as in the HT information IE
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_IFTYPE_DATA: nested array attribute, with each entry using
+ *	attributes from &enum nl80211_band_iftype_attr
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_EDMG_CHANNELS: bitmap that indicates the 2.16 GHz
+ *	channel(s) that are allowed to be used for EDMG transmissions.
+ *	Defined by IEEE P802.11ay/D4.0 section 9.4.2.251.
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_EDMG_BW_CONFIG: Channel BW Configuration subfield encodes
+ *	the allowed channel bandwidth configurations.
+ *	Defined by IEEE P802.11ay/D4.0 section 9.4.2.251, Table 13.
+ * @NL80211_BAND_ATTR_MAX: highest band attribute currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_BAND_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_band_attr {
+	__NL80211_BAND_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_FREQS,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_RATES,
+
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_MCS_SET,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_CAPA,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_AMPDU_FACTOR,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_AMPDU_DENSITY,
+
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_VHT_MCS_SET,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_VHT_CAPA,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_IFTYPE_DATA,
+
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_EDMG_CHANNELS,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_EDMG_BW_CONFIG,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_BAND_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_BAND_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_BAND_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+#define NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_CAPA NL80211_BAND_ATTR_HT_CAPA
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_wmm_rule - regulatory wmm rule
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_WMMR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_WMMR_CW_MIN: Minimum contention window slot.
+ * @NL80211_WMMR_CW_MAX: Maximum contention window slot.
+ * @NL80211_WMMR_AIFSN: Arbitration Inter Frame Space.
+ * @NL80211_WMMR_TXOP: Maximum allowed tx operation time.
+ * @nl80211_WMMR_MAX: highest possible wmm rule.
+ * @__NL80211_WMMR_LAST: Internal use.
+ */
+enum nl80211_wmm_rule {
+	__NL80211_WMMR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_WMMR_CW_MIN,
+	NL80211_WMMR_CW_MAX,
+	NL80211_WMMR_AIFSN,
+	NL80211_WMMR_TXOP,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_WMMR_LAST,
+	NL80211_WMMR_MAX = __NL80211_WMMR_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_frequency_attr - frequency attributes
+ * @__NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_FREQ: Frequency in MHz
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DISABLED: Channel is disabled in current
+ *	regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR: no mechanisms that initiate radiation
+ * 	are permitted on this channel, this includes sending probe
+ * 	requests, or modes of operation that require beaconing.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_RADAR: Radar detection is mandatory
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX_TX_POWER: Maximum transmission power in mBm
+ *	(100 * dBm).
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_STATE: current state for DFS
+ *	(enum nl80211_dfs_state)
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_TIME: time in miliseconds for how long
+ *	this channel is in this DFS state.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HT40_MINUS: HT40- isn't possible with this
+ *	channel as the control channel
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HT40_PLUS: HT40+ isn't possible with this
+ *	channel as the control channel
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_80MHZ: any 80 MHz channel using this channel
+ *	as the primary or any of the secondary channels isn't possible,
+ *	this includes 80+80 channels
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_160MHZ: any 160 MHz (but not 80+80) channel
+ *	using this channel as the primary or any of the secondary channels
+ *	isn't possible
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_CAC_TIME: DFS CAC time in milliseconds.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_INDOOR_ONLY: Only indoor use is permitted on this
+ *	channel. A channel that has the INDOOR_ONLY attribute can only be
+ *	used when there is a clear assessment that the device is operating in
+ *	an indoor surroundings, i.e., it is connected to AC power (and not
+ *	through portable DC inverters) or is under the control of a master
+ *	that is acting as an AP and is connected to AC power.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_IR_CONCURRENT: IR operation is allowed on this
+ *	channel if it's connected concurrently to a BSS on the same channel on
+ *	the 2 GHz band or to a channel in the same UNII band (on the 5 GHz
+ *	band), and IEEE80211_CHAN_RADAR is not set. Instantiating a GO or TDLS
+ *	off-channel on a channel that has the IR_CONCURRENT attribute set can be
+ *	done when there is a clear assessment that the device is operating under
+ *	the guidance of an authorized master, i.e., setting up a GO or TDLS
+ *	off-channel while the device is also connected to an AP with DFS and
+ *	radar detection on the UNII band (it is up to user-space, i.e.,
+ *	wpa_supplicant to perform the required verifications). Using this
+ *	attribute for IR is disallowed for master interfaces (IBSS, AP).
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_20MHZ: 20 MHz operation is not allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_10MHZ: 10 MHz operation is not allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_WMM: this channel has wmm limitations.
+ *	This is a nested attribute that contains the wmm limitation per AC.
+ *	(see &enum nl80211_wmm_rule)
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HE: HE operation is not allowed on this channel
+ *	in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_OFFSET: frequency offset in KHz
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_1MHZ: 1 MHz operation is allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_2MHZ: 2 MHz operation is allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_4MHZ: 4 MHz operation is allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_8MHZ: 8 MHz operation is allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_16MHZ: 16 MHz operation is allowed
+ *	on this channel in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_320MHZ: any 320 MHz channel using this channel
+ *	as the primary or any of the secondary channels isn't possible
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_EHT: EHT operation is not allowed on this channel
+ *	in current regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX: highest frequency attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ *
+ * See https://apps.fcc.gov/eas/comments/GetPublishedDocument.html?id=327&tn=528122
+ * for more information on the FCC description of the relaxations allowed
+ * by NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_INDOOR_ONLY and
+ * NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_IR_CONCURRENT.
+ */
+enum nl80211_frequency_attr {
+	__NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_FREQ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DISABLED,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR,
+	__NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IBSS,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_RADAR,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX_TX_POWER,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_STATE,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_TIME,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HT40_MINUS,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HT40_PLUS,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_80MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_160MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_DFS_CAC_TIME,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_INDOOR_ONLY,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_IR_CONCURRENT,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_20MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_10MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_WMM,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_HE,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_1MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_2MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_4MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_8MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_16MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_320MHZ,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_EHT,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+#define NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX_TX_POWER NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX_TX_POWER
+#define NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_PASSIVE_SCAN	NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IBSS		NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR		NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_GO_CONCURRENT \
+					NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_IR_CONCURRENT
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bitrate_attr - bitrate attributes
+ * @__NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_RATE: Bitrate in units of 100 kbps
+ * @NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_2GHZ_SHORTPREAMBLE: Short preamble supported
+ *	in 2.4 GHz band.
+ * @NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_MAX: highest bitrate attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_bitrate_attr {
+	__NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_RATE,
+	NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_2GHZ_SHORTPREAMBLE,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_BITRATE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_initiator - Indicates the initiator of a reg domain request
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_CORE: Core queried CRDA for a dynamic world
+ * 	regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_USER: User asked the wireless core to set the
+ * 	regulatory domain.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_DRIVER: a wireless drivers has hinted to the
+ * 	wireless core it thinks its knows the regulatory domain we should be in.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_COUNTRY_IE: the wireless core has received an
+ * 	802.11 country information element with regulatory information it
+ * 	thinks we should consider. cfg80211 only processes the country
+ *	code from the IE, and relies on the regulatory domain information
+ *	structure passed by userspace (CRDA) from our wireless-regdb.
+ *	If a channel is enabled but the country code indicates it should
+ *	be disabled we disable the channel and re-enable it upon disassociation.
+ */
+enum nl80211_reg_initiator {
+	NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_CORE,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_USER,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_DRIVER,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_COUNTRY_IE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_reg_type - specifies the type of regulatory domain
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_COUNTRY: the regulatory domain set is one that pertains
+ *	to a specific country. When this is set you can count on the
+ *	ISO / IEC 3166 alpha2 country code being valid.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_WORLD: the regulatory set domain is the world regulatory
+ * 	domain.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_CUSTOM_WORLD: the regulatory domain set is a custom
+ * 	driver specific world regulatory domain. These do not apply system-wide
+ * 	and are only applicable to the individual devices which have requested
+ * 	them to be applied.
+ * @NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_INTERSECTION: the regulatory domain set is the product
+ *	of an intersection between two regulatory domains -- the previously
+ *	set regulatory domain on the system and the last accepted regulatory
+ *	domain request to be processed.
+ */
+enum nl80211_reg_type {
+	NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_COUNTRY,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_WORLD,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_CUSTOM_WORLD,
+	NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_INTERSECTION,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_reg_rule_attr - regulatory rule attributes
+ * @__NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_FLAGS: a set of flags which specify additional
+ * 	considerations for a given frequency range. These are the
+ * 	&enum nl80211_reg_rule_flags.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_START: starting frequencry for the regulatory
+ * 	rule in KHz. This is not a center of frequency but an actual regulatory
+ * 	band edge.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_END: ending frequency for the regulatory rule
+ * 	in KHz. This is not a center a frequency but an actual regulatory
+ * 	band edge.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_MAX_BW: maximum allowed bandwidth for this
+ *	frequency range, in KHz.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_POWER_RULE_MAX_ANT_GAIN: the maximum allowed antenna gain
+ * 	for a given frequency range. The value is in mBi (100 * dBi).
+ * 	If you don't have one then don't send this.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_POWER_RULE_MAX_EIRP: the maximum allowed EIRP for
+ * 	a given frequency range. The value is in mBm (100 * dBm).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_DFS_CAC_TIME: DFS CAC time in milliseconds.
+ *	If not present or 0 default CAC time will be used.
+ * @NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_MAX: highest regulatory rule attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_reg_rule_attr {
+	__NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_REG_RULE_FLAGS,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_START,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_END,
+	NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_RANGE_MAX_BW,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_POWER_RULE_MAX_ANT_GAIN,
+	NL80211_ATTR_POWER_RULE_MAX_EIRP,
+
+	NL80211_ATTR_DFS_CAC_TIME,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_REG_RULE_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sched_scan_match_attr - scheduled scan match attributes
+ * @__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_SSID: SSID to be used for matching,
+ *	only report BSS with matching SSID.
+ *	(This cannot be used together with BSSID.)
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RSSI: RSSI threshold (in dBm) for reporting a
+ *	BSS in scan results. Filtering is turned off if not specified. Note that
+ *	if this attribute is in a match set of its own, then it is treated as
+ *	the default value for all matchsets with an SSID, rather than being a
+ *	matchset of its own without an RSSI filter. This is due to problems with
+ *	how this API was implemented in the past. Also, due to the same problem,
+ *	the only way to create a matchset with only an RSSI filter (with this
+ *	attribute) is if there's only a single matchset with the RSSI attribute.
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RELATIVE_RSSI: Flag indicating whether
+ *	%NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RSSI to be used as absolute RSSI or
+ *	relative to current bss's RSSI.
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RSSI_ADJUST: When present the RSSI level for
+ *	BSS-es in the specified band is to be adjusted before doing
+ *	RSSI-based BSS selection. The attribute value is a packed structure
+ *	value as specified by &struct nl80211_bss_select_rssi_adjust.
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_BSSID: BSSID to be used for matching
+ *	(this cannot be used together with SSID).
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_PER_BAND_RSSI: Nested attribute that carries the
+ *	band specific minimum rssi thresholds for the bands defined in
+ *	enum nl80211_band. The minimum rssi threshold value(s32) specific to a
+ *	band shall be encapsulated in attribute with type value equals to one
+ *	of the NL80211_BAND_* defined in enum nl80211_band. For example, the
+ *	minimum rssi threshold value for 2.4GHZ band shall be encapsulated
+ *	within an attribute of type NL80211_BAND_2GHZ. And one or more of such
+ *	attributes will be nested within this attribute.
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_MAX: highest scheduled scan filter
+ *	attribute number currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_sched_scan_match_attr {
+	__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_SSID,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RSSI,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RELATIVE_RSSI,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_RSSI_ADJUST,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_BSSID,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_PER_BAND_RSSI,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_MAX =
+		__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/* only for backward compatibility */
+#define NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_SSID NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_MATCH_ATTR_SSID
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_reg_rule_flags - regulatory rule flags
+ *
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_OFDM: OFDM modulation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_CCK: CCK modulation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_INDOOR: indoor operation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_OUTDOOR: outdoor operation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_DFS: DFS support is required to be used
+ * @NL80211_RRF_PTP_ONLY: this is only for Point To Point links
+ * @NL80211_RRF_PTMP_ONLY: this is only for Point To Multi Point links
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_IR: no mechanisms that initiate radiation are allowed,
+ * 	this includes probe requests or modes of operation that require
+ * 	beaconing.
+ * @NL80211_RRF_AUTO_BW: maximum available bandwidth should be calculated
+ *	base on contiguous rules and wider channels will be allowed to cross
+ *	multiple contiguous/overlapping frequency ranges.
+ * @NL80211_RRF_IR_CONCURRENT: See %NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_IR_CONCURRENT
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40MINUS: channels can't be used in HT40- operation
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40PLUS: channels can't be used in HT40+ operation
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_80MHZ: 80MHz operation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_160MHZ: 160MHz operation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_HE: HE operation not allowed
+ * @NL80211_RRF_NO_320MHZ: 320MHz operation not allowed
+ */
+enum nl80211_reg_rule_flags {
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_OFDM		= 1<<0,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_CCK		= 1<<1,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_INDOOR		= 1<<2,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_OUTDOOR		= 1<<3,
+	NL80211_RRF_DFS			= 1<<4,
+	NL80211_RRF_PTP_ONLY		= 1<<5,
+	NL80211_RRF_PTMP_ONLY		= 1<<6,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_IR		= 1<<7,
+	__NL80211_RRF_NO_IBSS		= 1<<8,
+	NL80211_RRF_AUTO_BW		= 1<<11,
+	NL80211_RRF_IR_CONCURRENT	= 1<<12,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40MINUS	= 1<<13,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40PLUS		= 1<<14,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_80MHZ		= 1<<15,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_160MHZ		= 1<<16,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_HE		= 1<<17,
+	NL80211_RRF_NO_320MHZ		= 1<<18,
+};
+
+#define NL80211_RRF_PASSIVE_SCAN	NL80211_RRF_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_RRF_NO_IBSS		NL80211_RRF_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_RRF_NO_IR		NL80211_RRF_NO_IR
+#define NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40		(NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40MINUS |\
+					 NL80211_RRF_NO_HT40PLUS)
+#define NL80211_RRF_GO_CONCURRENT	NL80211_RRF_IR_CONCURRENT
+
+/* For backport compatibility with older userspace */
+#define NL80211_RRF_NO_IR_ALL		(NL80211_RRF_NO_IR | __NL80211_RRF_NO_IBSS)
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_dfs_regions - regulatory DFS regions
+ *
+ * @NL80211_DFS_UNSET: Country has no DFS master region specified
+ * @NL80211_DFS_FCC: Country follows DFS master rules from FCC
+ * @NL80211_DFS_ETSI: Country follows DFS master rules from ETSI
+ * @NL80211_DFS_JP: Country follows DFS master rules from JP/MKK/Telec
+ */
+enum nl80211_dfs_regions {
+	NL80211_DFS_UNSET	= 0,
+	NL80211_DFS_FCC		= 1,
+	NL80211_DFS_ETSI	= 2,
+	NL80211_DFS_JP		= 3,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_user_reg_hint_type - type of user regulatory hint
+ *
+ * @NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_USER: a user sent the hint. This is always
+ *	assumed if the attribute is not set.
+ * @NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_CELL_BASE: the hint comes from a cellular
+ *	base station. Device drivers that have been tested to work
+ *	properly to support this type of hint can enable these hints
+ *	by setting the NL80211_FEATURE_CELL_BASE_REG_HINTS feature
+ *	capability on the struct wiphy. The wireless core will
+ *	ignore all cell base station hints until at least one device
+ *	present has been registered with the wireless core that
+ *	has listed NL80211_FEATURE_CELL_BASE_REG_HINTS as a
+ *	supported feature.
+ * @NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_INDOOR: a user sent an hint indicating that the
+ *	platform is operating in an indoor environment.
+ */
+enum nl80211_user_reg_hint_type {
+	NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_USER	= 0,
+	NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_CELL_BASE = 1,
+	NL80211_USER_REG_HINT_INDOOR    = 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_survey_info - survey information
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_ATTR_SURVEY_INFO
+ * when getting information about a survey.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_FREQUENCY: center frequency of channel
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_NOISE: noise level of channel (u8, dBm)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_IN_USE: channel is currently being used
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME: amount of time (in ms) that the radio
+ *	was turned on (on channel or globally)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_BUSY: amount of the time the primary
+ *	channel was sensed busy (either due to activity or energy detect)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_EXT_BUSY: amount of time the extension
+ *	channel was sensed busy
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_RX: amount of time the radio spent
+ *	receiving data (on channel or globally)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_TX: amount of time the radio spent
+ *	transmitting data (on channel or globally)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_SCAN: time the radio spent for scan
+ *	(on this channel or globally)
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_BSS_RX: amount of time the radio spent
+ *	receiving frames destined to the local BSS
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_MAX: highest survey info attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_FREQUENCY_OFFSET: center frequency offset in KHz
+ * @__NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_survey_info {
+	__NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_INVALID,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_FREQUENCY,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_NOISE,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_IN_USE,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_BUSY,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_EXT_BUSY,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_RX,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_TX,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_SCAN,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_PAD,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_BSS_RX,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_FREQUENCY_OFFSET,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_MAX = __NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/* keep old names for compatibility */
+#define NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_CHANNEL_TIME		NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME
+#define NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_CHANNEL_TIME_BUSY		NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_BUSY
+#define NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_CHANNEL_TIME_EXT_BUSY	NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_EXT_BUSY
+#define NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_CHANNEL_TIME_RX		NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_RX
+#define NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_CHANNEL_TIME_TX		NL80211_SURVEY_INFO_TIME_TX
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mntr_flags - monitor configuration flags
+ *
+ * Monitor configuration flags.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_INVALID: reserved
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_FCSFAIL: pass frames with bad FCS
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_PLCPFAIL: pass frames with bad PLCP
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_CONTROL: pass control frames
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_OTHER_BSS: disable BSSID filtering
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_COOK_FRAMES: report frames after processing.
+ *	overrides all other flags.
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_ACTIVE: use the configured MAC address
+ *	and ACK incoming unicast packets.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ * @NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_MAX: highest possible monitor flag
+ */
+enum nl80211_mntr_flags {
+	__NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_INVALID,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_FCSFAIL,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_PLCPFAIL,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_CONTROL,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_OTHER_BSS,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_COOK_FRAMES,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_ACTIVE,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_MAX = __NL80211_MNTR_FLAG_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mesh_power_mode - mesh power save modes
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_POWER_UNKNOWN: The mesh power mode of the mesh STA is
+ *	not known or has not been set yet.
+ * @NL80211_MESH_POWER_ACTIVE: Active mesh power mode. The mesh STA is
+ *	in Awake state all the time.
+ * @NL80211_MESH_POWER_LIGHT_SLEEP: Light sleep mode. The mesh STA will
+ *	alternate between Active and Doze states, but will wake up for
+ *	neighbor's beacons.
+ * @NL80211_MESH_POWER_DEEP_SLEEP: Deep sleep mode. The mesh STA will
+ *	alternate between Active and Doze states, but may not wake up
+ *	for neighbor's beacons.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MESH_POWER_AFTER_LAST - internal use
+ * @NL80211_MESH_POWER_MAX - highest possible power save level
+ */
+
+enum nl80211_mesh_power_mode {
+	NL80211_MESH_POWER_UNKNOWN,
+	NL80211_MESH_POWER_ACTIVE,
+	NL80211_MESH_POWER_LIGHT_SLEEP,
+	NL80211_MESH_POWER_DEEP_SLEEP,
+
+	__NL80211_MESH_POWER_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_MESH_POWER_MAX = __NL80211_MESH_POWER_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_meshconf_params - mesh configuration parameters
+ *
+ * Mesh configuration parameters. These can be changed while the mesh is
+ * active.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MESHCONF_INVALID: internal use
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_RETRY_TIMEOUT: specifies the initial retry timeout in
+ *	millisecond units, used by the Peer Link Open message
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_CONFIRM_TIMEOUT: specifies the initial confirm timeout, in
+ *	millisecond units, used by the peer link management to close a peer link
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HOLDING_TIMEOUT: specifies the holding timeout, in
+ *	millisecond units
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_MAX_PEER_LINKS: maximum number of peer links allowed
+ *	on this mesh interface
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_MAX_RETRIES: specifies the maximum number of peer link
+ *	open retries that can be sent to establish a new peer link instance in a
+ *	mesh
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_TTL: specifies the value of TTL field set at a source mesh
+ *	point.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_AUTO_OPEN_PLINKS: whether we should automatically open
+ *	peer links when we detect compatible mesh peers. Disabled if
+ *	@NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_MPM or @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AMPE are
+ *	set.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_MAX_PREQ_RETRIES: the number of action frames
+ *	containing a PREQ that an MP can send to a particular destination (path
+ *	target)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_PATH_REFRESH_TIME: how frequently to refresh mesh paths
+ *	(in milliseconds)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_MIN_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT: minimum length of time to wait
+ *	until giving up on a path discovery (in milliseconds)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ACTIVE_PATH_TIMEOUT: The time (in TUs) for which mesh
+ *	points receiving a PREQ shall consider the forwarding information from
+ *	the root to be valid. (TU = time unit)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PREQ_MIN_INTERVAL: The minimum interval of time (in
+ *	TUs) during which an MP can send only one action frame containing a PREQ
+ *	reference element
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_NET_DIAM_TRVS_TIME: The interval of time (in TUs)
+ *	that it takes for an HWMP information element to propagate across the
+ *	mesh
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ROOTMODE: whether root mode is enabled or not
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_ELEMENT_TTL: specifies the value of TTL field set at a
+ *	source mesh point for path selection elements.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_RANN_INTERVAL:  The interval of time (in TUs) between
+ *	root announcements are transmitted.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_GATE_ANNOUNCEMENTS: Advertise that this mesh station has
+ *	access to a broader network beyond the MBSS.  This is done via Root
+ *	Announcement frames.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PERR_MIN_INTERVAL: The minimum interval of time (in
+ *	TUs) during which a mesh STA can send only one Action frame containing a
+ *	PERR element.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_FORWARDING: set Mesh STA as forwarding or non-forwarding
+ *	or forwarding entity (default is TRUE - forwarding entity)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_RSSI_THRESHOLD: RSSI threshold in dBm. This specifies the
+ *	threshold for average signal strength of candidate station to establish
+ *	a peer link.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_SYNC_OFFSET_MAX_NEIGHBOR: maximum number of neighbors
+ *	to synchronize to for 11s default synchronization method
+ *	(see 11C.12.2.2)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HT_OPMODE: set mesh HT protection mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_ATTR_MAX: highest possible mesh configuration attribute
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PATH_TO_ROOT_TIMEOUT: The time (in TUs) for
+ *	which mesh STAs receiving a proactive PREQ shall consider the forwarding
+ *	information to the root mesh STA to be valid.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ROOT_INTERVAL: The interval of time (in TUs) between
+ *	proactive PREQs are transmitted.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_CONFIRMATION_INTERVAL: The minimum interval of time
+ *	(in TUs) during which a mesh STA can send only one Action frame
+ *	containing a PREQ element for root path confirmation.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_POWER_MODE: Default mesh power mode for new peer links.
+ *	type &enum nl80211_mesh_power_mode (u32)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_AWAKE_WINDOW: awake window duration (in TUs)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_PLINK_TIMEOUT: If no tx activity is seen from a STA we've
+ *	established peering with for longer than this time (in seconds), then
+ *	remove it from the STA's list of peers. You may set this to 0 to disable
+ *	the removal of the STA. Default is 30 minutes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_CONNECTED_TO_GATE: If set to true then this mesh STA
+ *	will advertise that it is connected to a gate in the mesh formation
+ *	field.  If left unset then the mesh formation field will only
+ *	advertise such if there is an active root mesh path.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_NOLEARN: Try to avoid multi-hop path discovery (e.g.
+ *      PREQ/PREP for HWMP) if the destination is a direct neighbor. Note that
+ *      this might not be the optimal decision as a multi-hop route might be
+ *      better. So if using this setting you will likely also want to disable
+ *      dot11MeshForwarding and use another mesh routing protocol on top.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESHCONF_CONNECTED_TO_AS: If set to true then this mesh STA
+ *	will advertise that it is connected to a authentication server
+ *	in the mesh formation field.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MESHCONF_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_meshconf_params {
+	__NL80211_MESHCONF_INVALID,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_RETRY_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_CONFIRM_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HOLDING_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_MAX_PEER_LINKS,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_MAX_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_TTL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_AUTO_OPEN_PLINKS,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_MAX_PREQ_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_PATH_REFRESH_TIME,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_MIN_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ACTIVE_PATH_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PREQ_MIN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_NET_DIAM_TRVS_TIME,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ROOTMODE,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_ELEMENT_TTL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_RANN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_GATE_ANNOUNCEMENTS,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PERR_MIN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_FORWARDING,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_RSSI_THRESHOLD,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_SYNC_OFFSET_MAX_NEIGHBOR,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HT_OPMODE,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_PATH_TO_ROOT_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_ROOT_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_HWMP_CONFIRMATION_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_POWER_MODE,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_AWAKE_WINDOW,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_PLINK_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_CONNECTED_TO_GATE,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_NOLEARN,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_CONNECTED_TO_AS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_MESHCONF_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_MESHCONF_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_MESHCONF_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mesh_setup_params - mesh setup parameters
+ *
+ * Mesh setup parameters.  These are used to start/join a mesh and cannot be
+ * changed while the mesh is active.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MESH_SETUP_INVALID: Internal use
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_PATH_SEL: Enable this option to use a
+ *	vendor specific path selection algorithm or disable it to use the
+ *	default HWMP.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_METRIC: Enable this option to use a
+ *	vendor specific path metric or disable it to use the default Airtime
+ *	metric.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_IE: Information elements for this mesh, for instance, a
+ *	robust security network ie, or a vendor specific information element
+ *	that vendors will use to identify the path selection methods and
+ *	metrics in use.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AUTH: Enable this option if an authentication
+ *	daemon will be authenticating mesh candidates.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AMPE: Enable this option if an authentication
+ *	daemon will be securing peer link frames.  AMPE is a secured version of
+ *	Mesh Peering Management (MPM) and is implemented with the assistance of
+ *	a userspace daemon.  When this flag is set, the kernel will send peer
+ *	management frames to a userspace daemon that will implement AMPE
+ *	functionality (security capabilities selection, key confirmation, and
+ *	key management).  When the flag is unset (default), the kernel can
+ *	autonomously complete (unsecured) mesh peering without the need of a
+ *	userspace daemon.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_SYNC: Enable this option to use a
+ *	vendor specific synchronization method or disable it to use the default
+ *	neighbor offset synchronization
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_MPM: Enable this option if userspace will
+ *	implement an MPM which handles peer allocation and state.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_AUTH_PROTOCOL: Inform the kernel of the authentication
+ *	method (u8, as defined in IEEE 8.4.2.100.6, e.g. 0x1 for SAE).
+ *	Default is no authentication method required.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ATTR_MAX: highest possible mesh setup attribute number
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: Internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_mesh_setup_params {
+	__NL80211_MESH_SETUP_INVALID,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_PATH_SEL,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_METRIC,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_IE,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AUTH,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_AMPE,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ENABLE_VENDOR_SYNC,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_USERSPACE_MPM,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_AUTH_PROTOCOL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_MESH_SETUP_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_txq_attr - TX queue parameter attributes
+ * @__NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_INVALID: Attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC: AC identifier (NL80211_AC_*)
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_TXOP: Maximum burst time in units of 32 usecs, 0 meaning
+ *	disabled
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMIN: Minimum contention window [a value of the form
+ *	2^n-1 in the range 1..32767]
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMAX: Maximum contention window [a value of the form
+ *	2^n-1 in the range 1..32767]
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AIFS: Arbitration interframe space [0..255]
+ * @__NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_MAX: Maximum TXQ attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_txq_attr {
+	__NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_TXOP,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMIN,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMAX,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AIFS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+enum nl80211_ac {
+	NL80211_AC_VO,
+	NL80211_AC_VI,
+	NL80211_AC_BE,
+	NL80211_AC_BK,
+	NL80211_NUM_ACS
+};
+
+/* backward compat */
+#define NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_QUEUE	NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC
+#define NL80211_TXQ_Q_VO	NL80211_AC_VO
+#define NL80211_TXQ_Q_VI	NL80211_AC_VI
+#define NL80211_TXQ_Q_BE	NL80211_AC_BE
+#define NL80211_TXQ_Q_BK	NL80211_AC_BK
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_channel_type - channel type
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_NO_HT: 20 MHz, non-HT channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_HT20: 20 MHz HT channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_HT40MINUS: HT40 channel, secondary channel
+ *	below the control channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_HT40PLUS: HT40 channel, secondary channel
+ *	above the control channel
+ */
+enum nl80211_channel_type {
+	NL80211_CHAN_NO_HT,
+	NL80211_CHAN_HT20,
+	NL80211_CHAN_HT40MINUS,
+	NL80211_CHAN_HT40PLUS
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_key_mode - Key mode
+ *
+ * @NL80211_KEY_RX_TX: (Default)
+ *	Key can be used for Rx and Tx immediately
+ *
+ * The following modes can only be selected for unicast keys and when the
+ * driver supports @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_EXT_KEY_ID:
+ *
+ * @NL80211_KEY_NO_TX: Only allowed in combination with @NL80211_CMD_NEW_KEY:
+ *	Unicast key can only be used for Rx, Tx not allowed, yet
+ * @NL80211_KEY_SET_TX: Only allowed in combination with @NL80211_CMD_SET_KEY:
+ *	The unicast key identified by idx and mac is cleared for Tx and becomes
+ *	the preferred Tx key for the station.
+ */
+enum nl80211_key_mode {
+	NL80211_KEY_RX_TX,
+	NL80211_KEY_NO_TX,
+	NL80211_KEY_SET_TX
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_chan_width - channel width definitions
+ *
+ * These values are used with the %NL80211_ATTR_CHANNEL_WIDTH
+ * attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_20_NOHT: 20 MHz, non-HT channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_20: 20 MHz HT channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_40: 40 MHz channel, the %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	attribute must be provided as well
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_80: 80 MHz channel, the %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	attribute must be provided as well
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_80P80: 80+80 MHz channel, the %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	and %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ2 attributes must be provided as well
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_160: 160 MHz channel, the %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	attribute must be provided as well
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_5: 5 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_10: 10 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_1: 1 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_2: 2 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_4: 4 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_8: 8 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_16: 16 MHz OFDM channel
+ * @NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_320: 320 MHz channel, the %NL80211_ATTR_CENTER_FREQ1
+ *	attribute must be provided as well
+ */
+enum nl80211_chan_width {
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_20_NOHT,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_20,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_40,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_80,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_80P80,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_160,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_5,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_10,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_1,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_2,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_4,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_8,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_16,
+	NL80211_CHAN_WIDTH_320,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bss_scan_width - control channel width for a BSS
+ *
+ * These values are used with the %NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH attribute.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_20: control channel is 20 MHz wide or compatible
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_10: control channel is 10 MHz wide
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_5: control channel is 5 MHz wide
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_1: control channel is 1 MHz wide
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_2: control channel is 2 MHz wide
+ */
+enum nl80211_bss_scan_width {
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_20,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_10,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_5,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_1,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH_2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bss - netlink attributes for a BSS
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_BSS_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_BSS_BSSID: BSSID of the BSS (6 octets)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_FREQUENCY: frequency in MHz (u32)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_TSF: TSF of the received probe response/beacon (u64)
+ *	(if @NL80211_BSS_PRESP_DATA is present then this is known to be
+ *	from a probe response, otherwise it may be from the same beacon
+ *	that the NL80211_BSS_BEACON_TSF will be from)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_BEACON_INTERVAL: beacon interval of the (I)BSS (u16)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CAPABILITY: capability field (CPU order, u16)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_INFORMATION_ELEMENTS: binary attribute containing the
+ *	raw information elements from the probe response/beacon (bin);
+ *	if the %NL80211_BSS_BEACON_IES attribute is present and the data is
+ *	different then the IEs here are from a Probe Response frame; otherwise
+ *	they are from a Beacon frame.
+ *	However, if the driver does not indicate the source of the IEs, these
+ *	IEs may be from either frame subtype.
+ *	If present, the @NL80211_BSS_PRESP_DATA attribute indicates that the
+ *	data here is known to be from a probe response, without any heuristics.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SIGNAL_MBM: signal strength of probe response/beacon
+ *	in mBm (100 * dBm) (s32)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SIGNAL_UNSPEC: signal strength of the probe response/beacon
+ *	in unspecified units, scaled to 0..100 (u8)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_STATUS: status, if this BSS is "used"
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SEEN_MS_AGO: age of this BSS entry in ms
+ * @NL80211_BSS_BEACON_IES: binary attribute containing the raw information
+ *	elements from a Beacon frame (bin); not present if no Beacon frame has
+ *	yet been received
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH: channel width of the control channel
+ *	(u32, enum nl80211_bss_scan_width)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_BEACON_TSF: TSF of the last received beacon (u64)
+ *	(not present if no beacon frame has been received yet)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_PRESP_DATA: the data in @NL80211_BSS_INFORMATION_ELEMENTS and
+ *	@NL80211_BSS_TSF is known to be from a probe response (flag attribute)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_LAST_SEEN_BOOTTIME: CLOCK_BOOTTIME timestamp when this entry
+ *	was last updated by a received frame. The value is expected to be
+ *	accurate to about 10ms. (u64, nanoseconds)
+ * @NL80211_BSS_PAD: attribute used for padding for 64-bit alignment
+ * @NL80211_BSS_PARENT_TSF: the time at the start of reception of the first
+ *	octet of the timestamp field of the last beacon/probe received for
+ *	this BSS. The time is the TSF of the BSS specified by
+ *	@NL80211_BSS_PARENT_BSSID. (u64).
+ * @NL80211_BSS_PARENT_BSSID: the BSS according to which @NL80211_BSS_PARENT_TSF
+ *	is set.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_CHAIN_SIGNAL: per-chain signal strength of last BSS update.
+ *	Contains a nested array of signal strength attributes (u8, dBm),
+ *	using the nesting index as the antenna number.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_FREQUENCY_OFFSET: frequency offset in KHz
+ * @NL80211_BSS_MLO_LINK_ID: MLO link ID of the BSS (u8).
+ * @NL80211_BSS_MLD_ADDR: MLD address of this BSS if connected to it.
+ * @__NL80211_BSS_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_BSS_MAX: highest BSS attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_bss {
+	__NL80211_BSS_INVALID,
+	NL80211_BSS_BSSID,
+	NL80211_BSS_FREQUENCY,
+	NL80211_BSS_TSF,
+	NL80211_BSS_BEACON_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_BSS_CAPABILITY,
+	NL80211_BSS_INFORMATION_ELEMENTS,
+	NL80211_BSS_SIGNAL_MBM,
+	NL80211_BSS_SIGNAL_UNSPEC,
+	NL80211_BSS_STATUS,
+	NL80211_BSS_SEEN_MS_AGO,
+	NL80211_BSS_BEACON_IES,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAN_WIDTH,
+	NL80211_BSS_BEACON_TSF,
+	NL80211_BSS_PRESP_DATA,
+	NL80211_BSS_LAST_SEEN_BOOTTIME,
+	NL80211_BSS_PAD,
+	NL80211_BSS_PARENT_TSF,
+	NL80211_BSS_PARENT_BSSID,
+	NL80211_BSS_CHAIN_SIGNAL,
+	NL80211_BSS_FREQUENCY_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_BSS_MLO_LINK_ID,
+	NL80211_BSS_MLD_ADDR,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_BSS_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_BSS_MAX = __NL80211_BSS_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bss_status - BSS "status"
+ * @NL80211_BSS_STATUS_AUTHENTICATED: Authenticated with this BSS.
+ *	Note that this is no longer used since cfg80211 no longer
+ *	keeps track of whether or not authentication was done with
+ *	a given BSS.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_STATUS_ASSOCIATED: Associated with this BSS.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_STATUS_IBSS_JOINED: Joined to this IBSS.
+ *
+ * The BSS status is a BSS attribute in scan dumps, which
+ * indicates the status the interface has wrt. this BSS.
+ */
+enum nl80211_bss_status {
+	NL80211_BSS_STATUS_AUTHENTICATED,
+	NL80211_BSS_STATUS_ASSOCIATED,
+	NL80211_BSS_STATUS_IBSS_JOINED,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_auth_type - AuthenticationType
+ *
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_OPEN_SYSTEM: Open System authentication
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_SHARED_KEY: Shared Key authentication (WEP only)
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FT: Fast BSS Transition (IEEE 802.11r)
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_NETWORK_EAP: Network EAP (some Cisco APs and mainly LEAP)
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_SAE: Simultaneous authentication of equals
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_SK: Fast Initial Link Setup shared key
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_SK_PFS: Fast Initial Link Setup shared key with PFS
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_PK: Fast Initial Link Setup public key
+ * @__NL80211_AUTHTYPE_NUM: internal
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_MAX: maximum valid auth algorithm
+ * @NL80211_AUTHTYPE_AUTOMATIC: determine automatically (if necessary by
+ *	trying multiple times); this is invalid in netlink -- leave out
+ *	the attribute for this on CONNECT commands.
+ */
+enum nl80211_auth_type {
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_OPEN_SYSTEM,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_SHARED_KEY,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FT,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_NETWORK_EAP,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_SAE,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_SK,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_SK_PFS,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_FILS_PK,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_AUTHTYPE_NUM,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_MAX = __NL80211_AUTHTYPE_NUM - 1,
+	NL80211_AUTHTYPE_AUTOMATIC
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_key_type - Key Type
+ * @NL80211_KEYTYPE_GROUP: Group (broadcast/multicast) key
+ * @NL80211_KEYTYPE_PAIRWISE: Pairwise (unicast/individual) key
+ * @NL80211_KEYTYPE_PEERKEY: PeerKey (DLS)
+ * @NUM_NL80211_KEYTYPES: number of defined key types
+ */
+enum nl80211_key_type {
+	NL80211_KEYTYPE_GROUP,
+	NL80211_KEYTYPE_PAIRWISE,
+	NL80211_KEYTYPE_PEERKEY,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_KEYTYPES
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mfp - Management frame protection state
+ * @NL80211_MFP_NO: Management frame protection not used
+ * @NL80211_MFP_REQUIRED: Management frame protection required
+ * @NL80211_MFP_OPTIONAL: Management frame protection is optional
+ */
+enum nl80211_mfp {
+	NL80211_MFP_NO,
+	NL80211_MFP_REQUIRED,
+	NL80211_MFP_OPTIONAL,
+};
+
+enum nl80211_wpa_versions {
+	NL80211_WPA_VERSION_1 = 1 << 0,
+	NL80211_WPA_VERSION_2 = 1 << 1,
+	NL80211_WPA_VERSION_3 = 1 << 2,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_key_default_types - key default types
+ * @__NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_UNICAST: key should be used as default
+ *	unicast key
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_MULTICAST: key should be used as default
+ *	multicast key
+ * @NUM_NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES: number of default types
+ */
+enum nl80211_key_default_types {
+	__NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_INVALID,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_UNICAST,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPE_MULTICAST,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_key_attributes - key attributes
+ * @__NL80211_KEY_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DATA: (temporal) key data; for TKIP this consists of
+ *	16 bytes encryption key followed by 8 bytes each for TX and RX MIC
+ *	keys
+ * @NL80211_KEY_IDX: key ID (u8, 0-3)
+ * @NL80211_KEY_CIPHER: key cipher suite (u32, as defined by IEEE 802.11
+ *	section 7.3.2.25.1, e.g. 0x000FAC04)
+ * @NL80211_KEY_SEQ: transmit key sequence number (IV/PN) for TKIP and
+ *	CCMP keys, each six bytes in little endian
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT: flag indicating default key
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_MGMT: flag indicating default management key
+ * @NL80211_KEY_TYPE: the key type from enum nl80211_key_type, if not
+ *	specified the default depends on whether a MAC address was
+ *	given with the command using the key or not (u32)
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES: A nested attribute containing flags
+ *	attributes, specifying what a key should be set as default as.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_key_default_types.
+ * @NL80211_KEY_MODE: the mode from enum nl80211_key_mode.
+ *	Defaults to @NL80211_KEY_RX_TX.
+ * @NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_BEACON: flag indicating default Beacon frame key
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_KEY_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_KEY_MAX: highest key attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_key_attributes {
+	__NL80211_KEY_INVALID,
+	NL80211_KEY_DATA,
+	NL80211_KEY_IDX,
+	NL80211_KEY_CIPHER,
+	NL80211_KEY_SEQ,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_MGMT,
+	NL80211_KEY_TYPE,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_TYPES,
+	NL80211_KEY_MODE,
+	NL80211_KEY_DEFAULT_BEACON,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_KEY_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_KEY_MAX = __NL80211_KEY_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tx_rate_attributes - TX rate set attributes
+ * @__NL80211_TXRATE_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_LEGACY: Legacy (non-MCS) rates allowed for TX rate selection
+ *	in an array of rates as defined in IEEE 802.11 7.3.2.2 (u8 values with
+ *	1 = 500 kbps) but without the IE length restriction (at most
+ *	%NL80211_MAX_SUPP_RATES in a single array).
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_HT: HT (MCS) rates allowed for TX rate selection
+ *	in an array of MCS numbers.
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_VHT: VHT rates allowed for TX rate selection,
+ *	see &struct nl80211_txrate_vht
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_GI: configure GI, see &enum nl80211_txrate_gi
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_HE: HE rates allowed for TX rate selection,
+ *	see &struct nl80211_txrate_he
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_HE_GI: configure HE GI, 0.8us, 1.6us and 3.2us.
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_HE_LTF: configure HE LTF, 1XLTF, 2XLTF and 4XLTF.
+ * @__NL80211_TXRATE_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_TXRATE_MAX: highest TX rate attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_tx_rate_attributes {
+	__NL80211_TXRATE_INVALID,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_LEGACY,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_HT,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_VHT,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_GI,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_HE,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_HE_GI,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_HE_LTF,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_TXRATE_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_MAX = __NL80211_TXRATE_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+#define NL80211_TXRATE_MCS NL80211_TXRATE_HT
+#define NL80211_VHT_NSS_MAX		8
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_txrate_vht - VHT MCS/NSS txrate bitmap
+ * @mcs: MCS bitmap table for each NSS (array index 0 for 1 stream, etc.)
+ */
+struct nl80211_txrate_vht {
+	__u16 mcs[NL80211_VHT_NSS_MAX];
+};
+
+#define NL80211_HE_NSS_MAX		8
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_txrate_he - HE MCS/NSS txrate bitmap
+ * @mcs: MCS bitmap table for each NSS (array index 0 for 1 stream, etc.)
+ */
+struct nl80211_txrate_he {
+	__u16 mcs[NL80211_HE_NSS_MAX];
+};
+
+enum nl80211_txrate_gi {
+	NL80211_TXRATE_DEFAULT_GI,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_FORCE_SGI,
+	NL80211_TXRATE_FORCE_LGI,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_band - Frequency band
+ * @NL80211_BAND_2GHZ: 2.4 GHz ISM band
+ * @NL80211_BAND_5GHZ: around 5 GHz band (4.9 - 5.7 GHz)
+ * @NL80211_BAND_60GHZ: around 60 GHz band (58.32 - 69.12 GHz)
+ * @NL80211_BAND_6GHZ: around 6 GHz band (5.9 - 7.2 GHz)
+ * @NL80211_BAND_S1GHZ: around 900MHz, supported by S1G PHYs
+ * @NL80211_BAND_LC: light communication band (placeholder)
+ * @NUM_NL80211_BANDS: number of bands, avoid using this in userspace
+ *	since newer kernel versions may support more bands
+ */
+enum nl80211_band {
+	NL80211_BAND_2GHZ,
+	NL80211_BAND_5GHZ,
+	NL80211_BAND_60GHZ,
+	NL80211_BAND_6GHZ,
+	NL80211_BAND_S1GHZ,
+	NL80211_BAND_LC,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_BANDS,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_ps_state - powersave state
+ * @NL80211_PS_DISABLED: powersave is disabled
+ * @NL80211_PS_ENABLED: powersave is enabled
+ */
+enum nl80211_ps_state {
+	NL80211_PS_DISABLED,
+	NL80211_PS_ENABLED,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_attr_cqm - connection quality monitor attributes
+ * @__NL80211_ATTR_CQM_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THOLD: RSSI threshold in dBm. This value specifies
+ *	the threshold for the RSSI level at which an event will be sent. Zero
+ *	to disable.  Alternatively, if %NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CQM_RSSI_LIST is
+ *	set, multiple values can be supplied as a low-to-high sorted array of
+ *	threshold values in dBm.  Events will be sent when the RSSI value
+ *	crosses any of the thresholds.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_HYST: RSSI hysteresis in dBm. This value specifies
+ *	the minimum amount the RSSI level must change after an event before a
+ *	new event may be issued (to reduce effects of RSSI oscillation).
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT: RSSI threshold event
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_PKT_LOSS_EVENT: a u32 value indicating that this many
+ *	consecutive packets were not acknowledged by the peer
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_RATE: TX error rate in %. Minimum % of TX failures
+ *	during the given %NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_INTVL before an
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM with reported %NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_RATE and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_PKTS is generated.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_PKTS: number of attempted packets in a given
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_INTVL before %NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_RATE is
+ *	checked.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_INTVL: interval in seconds. Specifies the periodic
+ *	interval in which %NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_PKTS and
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_RATE must be satisfied before generating an
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM. Set to 0 to turn off TX error reporting.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_BEACON_LOSS_EVENT: flag attribute that's set in a beacon
+ *	loss event
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_LEVEL: the RSSI value in dBm that triggered the
+ *	RSSI threshold event.
+ * @__NL80211_ATTR_CQM_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_CQM_MAX: highest key attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_attr_cqm {
+	__NL80211_ATTR_CQM_INVALID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THOLD,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_HYST,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_PKT_LOSS_EVENT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_RATE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_PKTS,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_TXE_INTVL,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_BEACON_LOSS_EVENT,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_LEVEL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_ATTR_CQM_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_ATTR_CQM_MAX = __NL80211_ATTR_CQM_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_cqm_rssi_threshold_event - RSSI threshold event
+ * @NL80211_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT_LOW: The RSSI level is lower than the
+ *      configured threshold
+ * @NL80211_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT_HIGH: The RSSI is higher than the
+ *      configured threshold
+ * @NL80211_CQM_RSSI_BEACON_LOSS_EVENT: (reserved, never sent)
+ */
+enum nl80211_cqm_rssi_threshold_event {
+	NL80211_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT_LOW,
+	NL80211_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT_HIGH,
+	NL80211_CQM_RSSI_BEACON_LOSS_EVENT,
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tx_power_setting - TX power adjustment
+ * @NL80211_TX_POWER_AUTOMATIC: automatically determine transmit power
+ * @NL80211_TX_POWER_LIMITED: limit TX power by the mBm parameter
+ * @NL80211_TX_POWER_FIXED: fix TX power to the mBm parameter
+ */
+enum nl80211_tx_power_setting {
+	NL80211_TX_POWER_AUTOMATIC,
+	NL80211_TX_POWER_LIMITED,
+	NL80211_TX_POWER_FIXED,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tid_config - TID config state
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ENABLE: Enable config for the TID
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_DISABLE: Disable config for the TID
+ */
+enum nl80211_tid_config {
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ENABLE,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_DISABLE,
+};
+
+/* enum nl80211_tx_rate_setting - TX rate configuration type
+ * @NL80211_TX_RATE_AUTOMATIC: automatically determine TX rate
+ * @NL80211_TX_RATE_LIMITED: limit the TX rate by the TX rate parameter
+ * @NL80211_TX_RATE_FIXED: fix TX rate to the TX rate parameter
+ */
+enum nl80211_tx_rate_setting {
+	NL80211_TX_RATE_AUTOMATIC,
+	NL80211_TX_RATE_LIMITED,
+	NL80211_TX_RATE_FIXED,
+};
+
+/* enum nl80211_tid_config_attr - TID specific configuration.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_PAD: pad attribute for 64-bit values
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_VIF_SUPP: a bitmap (u64) of attributes supported
+ *	for per-vif configuration; doesn't list the ones that are generic
+ *	(%NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS, %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_OVERRIDE).
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_PEER_SUPP: same as the previous per-vif one, but
+ *	per peer instead.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_OVERRIDE: flag attribue, if set indicates
+ *	that the new configuration overrides all previous peer
+ *	configurations, otherwise previous peer specific configurations
+ *	should be left untouched.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS: a bitmask value of TIDs (bit 0 to 7)
+ *	Its type is u16.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_NOACK: Configure ack policy for the TID.
+ *	specified in %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TID. see %enum nl80211_tid_config.
+ *	Its type is u8.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RETRY_SHORT: Number of retries used with data frame
+ *	transmission, user-space sets this configuration in
+ *	&NL80211_CMD_SET_TID_CONFIG. It is u8 type, min value is 1 and
+ *	the max value is advertised by the driver in this attribute on
+ *	output in wiphy capabilities.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RETRY_LONG: Number of retries used with data frame
+ *	transmission, user-space sets this configuration in
+ *	&NL80211_CMD_SET_TID_CONFIG. Its type is u8, min value is 1 and
+ *	the max value is advertised by the driver in this attribute on
+ *	output in wiphy capabilities.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AMPDU_CTRL: Enable/Disable MPDU aggregation
+ *	for the TIDs specified in %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS.
+ *	Its type is u8, using the values from &nl80211_tid_config.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RTSCTS_CTRL: Enable/Disable RTS_CTS for the TIDs
+ *	specified in %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS. It is u8 type, using
+ *	the values from &nl80211_tid_config.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AMSDU_CTRL: Enable/Disable MSDU aggregation
+ *	for the TIDs specified in %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS.
+ *	Its type is u8, using the values from &nl80211_tid_config.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_RATE_TYPE: This attribute will be useful
+ *	to notfiy the driver that what type of txrate should be used
+ *	for the TIDs specified in %NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS. using
+ *	the values form &nl80211_tx_rate_setting.
+ * @NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_RATE: Data frame TX rate mask should be applied
+ *	with the parameters passed through %NL80211_ATTR_TX_RATES.
+ *	configuration is applied to the data frame for the tid to that connected
+ *	station.
+ */
+enum nl80211_tid_config_attr {
+	__NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_PAD,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_VIF_SUPP,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_PEER_SUPP,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_OVERRIDE,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TIDS,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_NOACK,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RETRY_SHORT,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RETRY_LONG,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AMPDU_CTRL,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_RTSCTS_CTRL,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AMSDU_CTRL,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_RATE_TYPE,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_RATE,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_TID_CONFIG_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_packet_pattern_attr - packet pattern attribute
+ * @__NL80211_PKTPAT_INVALID: invalid number for nested attribute
+ * @NL80211_PKTPAT_PATTERN: the pattern, values where the mask has
+ *	a zero bit are ignored
+ * @NL80211_PKTPAT_MASK: pattern mask, must be long enough to have
+ *	a bit for each byte in the pattern. The lowest-order bit corresponds
+ *	to the first byte of the pattern, but the bytes of the pattern are
+ *	in a little-endian-like format, i.e. the 9th byte of the pattern
+ *	corresponds to the lowest-order bit in the second byte of the mask.
+ *	For example: The match 00:xx:00:00:xx:00:00:00:00:xx:xx:xx (where
+ *	xx indicates "don't care") would be represented by a pattern of
+ *	twelve zero bytes, and a mask of "0xed,0x01".
+ *	Note that the pattern matching is done as though frames were not
+ *	802.11 frames but 802.3 frames, i.e. the frame is fully unpacked
+ *	first (including SNAP header unpacking) and then matched.
+ * @NL80211_PKTPAT_OFFSET: packet offset, pattern is matched after
+ *	these fixed number of bytes of received packet
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PKTPAT: number of attributes
+ * @MAX_NL80211_PKTPAT: max attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_packet_pattern_attr {
+	__NL80211_PKTPAT_INVALID,
+	NL80211_PKTPAT_MASK,
+	NL80211_PKTPAT_PATTERN,
+	NL80211_PKTPAT_OFFSET,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_PKTPAT,
+	MAX_NL80211_PKTPAT = NUM_NL80211_PKTPAT - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_pattern_support - packet pattern support information
+ * @max_patterns: maximum number of patterns supported
+ * @min_pattern_len: minimum length of each pattern
+ * @max_pattern_len: maximum length of each pattern
+ * @max_pkt_offset: maximum Rx packet offset
+ *
+ * This struct is carried in %NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_PKT_PATTERN when
+ * that is part of %NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS_SUPPORTED or in
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_PKT_PATTERN when that is part of
+ * %NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE in the capability information given
+ * by the kernel to userspace.
+ */
+struct nl80211_pattern_support {
+	__u32 max_patterns;
+	__u32 min_pattern_len;
+	__u32 max_pattern_len;
+	__u32 max_pkt_offset;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+/* only for backward compatibility */
+#define __NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT_INVALID __NL80211_PKTPAT_INVALID
+#define NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT_MASK NL80211_PKTPAT_MASK
+#define NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT_PATTERN NL80211_PKTPAT_PATTERN
+#define NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT_OFFSET NL80211_PKTPAT_OFFSET
+#define NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT NUM_NL80211_PKTPAT
+#define MAX_NL80211_WOWLAN_PKTPAT MAX_NL80211_PKTPAT
+#define nl80211_wowlan_pattern_support nl80211_pattern_support
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_wowlan_triggers - WoWLAN trigger definitions
+ * @__NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_INVALID: invalid number for nested attributes
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_ANY: wake up on any activity, do not really put
+ *	the chip into a special state -- works best with chips that have
+ *	support for low-power operation already (flag)
+ *	Note that this mode is incompatible with all of the others, if
+ *	any others are even supported by the device.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_DISCONNECT: wake up on disconnect, the way disconnect
+ *	is detected is implementation-specific (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_MAGIC_PKT: wake up on magic packet (6x 0xff, followed
+ *	by 16 repetitions of MAC addr, anywhere in payload) (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_PKT_PATTERN: wake up on the specified packet patterns
+ *	which are passed in an array of nested attributes, each nested attribute
+ *	defining a with attributes from &struct nl80211_wowlan_trig_pkt_pattern.
+ *	Each pattern defines a wakeup packet. Packet offset is associated with
+ *	each pattern which is used while matching the pattern. The matching is
+ *	done on the MSDU, i.e. as though the packet was an 802.3 packet, so the
+ *	pattern matching is done after the packet is converted to the MSDU.
+ *
+ *	In %NL80211_ATTR_WOWLAN_TRIGGERS_SUPPORTED, it is a binary attribute
+ *	carrying a &struct nl80211_pattern_support.
+ *
+ *	When reporting wakeup. it is a u32 attribute containing the 0-based
+ *	index of the pattern that caused the wakeup, in the patterns passed
+ *	to the kernel when configuring.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_GTK_REKEY_SUPPORTED: Not a real trigger, and cannot be
+ *	used when setting, used only to indicate that GTK rekeying is supported
+ *	by the device (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_GTK_REKEY_FAILURE: wake up on GTK rekey failure (if
+ *	done by the device) (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_EAP_IDENT_REQUEST: wake up on EAP Identity Request
+ *	packet (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_4WAY_HANDSHAKE: wake up on 4-way handshake (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_RFKILL_RELEASE: wake up when rfkill is released
+ *	(on devices that have rfkill in the device) (flag)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211: For wakeup reporting only, contains
+ *	the 802.11 packet that caused the wakeup, e.g. a deauth frame. The frame
+ *	may be truncated, the @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211_LEN
+ *	attribute contains the original length.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211_LEN: Original length of the 802.11
+ *	packet, may be bigger than the @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211
+ *	attribute if the packet was truncated somewhere.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023: For wakeup reporting only, contains the
+ *	802.11 packet that caused the wakeup, e.g. a magic packet. The frame may
+ *	be truncated, the @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023_LEN attribute
+ *	contains the original length.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023_LEN: Original length of the 802.3
+ *	packet, may be bigger than the @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023
+ *	attribute if the packet was truncated somewhere.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_TCP_CONNECTION: TCP connection wake, see DOC section
+ *	"TCP connection wakeup" for more details. This is a nested attribute
+ *	containing the exact information for establishing and keeping alive
+ *	the TCP connection.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_TCP_WAKEUP_MATCH: For wakeup reporting only, the
+ *	wakeup packet was received on the TCP connection
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_TCP_CONNLOST: For wakeup reporting only, the
+ *	TCP connection was lost or failed to be established
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_TCP_NOMORETOKENS: For wakeup reporting only,
+ *	the TCP connection ran out of tokens to use for data to send to the
+ *	service
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_NET_DETECT: wake up when a configured network
+ *	is detected.  This is a nested attribute that contains the
+ *	same attributes used with @NL80211_CMD_START_SCHED_SCAN.  It
+ *	specifies how the scan is performed (e.g. the interval, the
+ *	channels to scan and the initial delay) as well as the scan
+ *	results that will trigger a wake (i.e. the matchsets).  This
+ *	attribute is also sent in a response to
+ *	@NL80211_CMD_GET_WIPHY, indicating the number of match sets
+ *	supported by the driver (u32).
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_NET_DETECT_RESULTS: nested attribute
+ *	containing an array with information about what triggered the
+ *	wake up.  If no elements are present in the array, it means
+ *	that the information is not available.  If more than one
+ *	element is present, it means that more than one match
+ *	occurred.
+ *	Each element in the array is a nested attribute that contains
+ *	one optional %NL80211_ATTR_SSID attribute and one optional
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES attribute.  At least one of
+ *	these attributes must be present.  If
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES contains more than one
+ *	frequency, it means that the match occurred in more than one
+ *	channel.
+ * @NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG: number of wake on wireless triggers
+ * @MAX_NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG: highest wowlan trigger attribute number
+ *
+ * These nested attributes are used to configure the wakeup triggers and
+ * to report the wakeup reason(s).
+ */
+enum nl80211_wowlan_triggers {
+	__NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_INVALID,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_ANY,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_DISCONNECT,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_MAGIC_PKT,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_PKT_PATTERN,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_GTK_REKEY_SUPPORTED,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_GTK_REKEY_FAILURE,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_EAP_IDENT_REQUEST,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_4WAY_HANDSHAKE,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_RFKILL_RELEASE,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_80211_LEN,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_PKT_8023_LEN,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_TCP_CONNECTION,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_TCP_MATCH,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_TCP_CONNLOST,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_WAKEUP_TCP_NOMORETOKENS,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_NET_DETECT,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG_NET_DETECT_RESULTS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG,
+	MAX_NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG = NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TRIG - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * DOC: TCP connection wakeup
+ *
+ * Some devices can establish a TCP connection in order to be woken up by a
+ * packet coming in from outside their network segment, or behind NAT. If
+ * configured, the device will establish a TCP connection to the given
+ * service, and periodically send data to that service. The first data
+ * packet is usually transmitted after SYN/ACK, also ACKing the SYN/ACK.
+ * The data packets can optionally include a (little endian) sequence
+ * number (in the TCP payload!) that is generated by the device, and, also
+ * optionally, a token from a list of tokens. This serves as a keep-alive
+ * with the service, and for NATed connections, etc.
+ *
+ * During this keep-alive period, the server doesn't send any data to the
+ * client. When receiving data, it is compared against the wakeup pattern
+ * (and mask) and if it matches, the host is woken up. Similarly, if the
+ * connection breaks or cannot be established to start with, the host is
+ * also woken up.
+ *
+ * Developer's note: ARP offload is required for this, otherwise TCP
+ * response packets might not go through correctly.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_seq - WoWLAN TCP data sequence
+ * @start: starting value
+ * @offset: offset of sequence number in packet
+ * @len: length of the sequence value to write, 1 through 4
+ *
+ * Note: don't confuse with the TCP sequence number(s), this is for the
+ * keepalive packet payload. The actual value is written into the packet
+ * in little endian.
+ */
+struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_seq {
+	__u32 start, offset, len;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token - WoWLAN TCP data token config
+ * @offset: offset of token in packet
+ * @len: length of each token
+ * @token_stream: stream of data to be used for the tokens, the length must
+ *	be a multiple of @len for this to make sense
+ */
+struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token {
+	__u32 offset, len;
+	__u8 token_stream[];
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token_feature - data token features
+ * @min_len: minimum token length
+ * @max_len: maximum token length
+ * @bufsize: total available token buffer size (max size of @token_stream)
+ */
+struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token_feature {
+	__u32 min_len, max_len, bufsize;
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_wowlan_tcp_attrs - WoWLAN TCP connection parameters
+ * @__NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_INVALID: invalid number for nested attributes
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_SRC_IPV4: source IPv4 address (in network byte order)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_IPV4: destination IPv4 address
+ *	(in network byte order)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_MAC: destination MAC address, this is given because
+ *	route lookup when configured might be invalid by the time we suspend,
+ *	and doing a route lookup when suspending is no longer possible as it
+ *	might require ARP querying.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_SRC_PORT: source port (u16); optional, if not given a
+ *	socket and port will be allocated
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_PORT: destination port (u16)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD: data packet payload, at least one byte.
+ *	For feature advertising, a u32 attribute holding the maximum length
+ *	of the data payload.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD_SEQ: data packet sequence configuration
+ *	(if desired), a &struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_seq. For feature
+ *	advertising it is just a flag
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD_TOKEN: data packet token configuration,
+ *	see &struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token and for advertising see
+ *	&struct nl80211_wowlan_tcp_data_token_feature.
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_INTERVAL: data interval in seconds, maximum
+ *	interval in feature advertising (u32)
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_WAKE_PAYLOAD: wake packet payload, for advertising a
+ *	u32 attribute holding the maximum length
+ * @NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_WAKE_MASK: Wake packet payload mask, not used for
+ *	feature advertising. The mask works like @NL80211_PKTPAT_MASK
+ *	but on the TCP payload only.
+ * @NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP: number of TCP attributes
+ * @MAX_NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_wowlan_tcp_attrs {
+	__NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_INVALID,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_SRC_IPV4,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_IPV4,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_MAC,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_SRC_PORT,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DST_PORT,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD_SEQ,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_PAYLOAD_TOKEN,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_DATA_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_WAKE_PAYLOAD,
+	NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP_WAKE_MASK,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP,
+	MAX_NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP = NUM_NL80211_WOWLAN_TCP - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_coalesce_rule_support - coalesce rule support information
+ * @max_rules: maximum number of rules supported
+ * @pat: packet pattern support information
+ * @max_delay: maximum supported coalescing delay in msecs
+ *
+ * This struct is carried in %NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE in the
+ * capability information given by the kernel to userspace.
+ */
+struct nl80211_coalesce_rule_support {
+	__u32 max_rules;
+	struct nl80211_pattern_support pat;
+	__u32 max_delay;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_attr_coalesce_rule - coalesce rule attribute
+ * @__NL80211_COALESCE_RULE_INVALID: invalid number for nested attribute
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_DELAY: delay in msecs used for packet coalescing
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_CONDITION: condition for packet coalescence,
+ *	see &enum nl80211_coalesce_condition.
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_PKT_PATTERN: packet offset, pattern is matched
+ *	after these fixed number of bytes of received packet
+ * @NUM_NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE: number of attributes
+ * @NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_MAX: max attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_attr_coalesce_rule {
+	__NL80211_COALESCE_RULE_INVALID,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_DELAY,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_CONDITION,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_PKT_PATTERN,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE,
+	NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE_MAX = NUM_NL80211_ATTR_COALESCE_RULE - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_coalesce_condition - coalesce rule conditions
+ * @NL80211_COALESCE_CONDITION_MATCH: coalaesce Rx packets when patterns
+ *	in a rule are matched.
+ * @NL80211_COALESCE_CONDITION_NO_MATCH: coalesce Rx packets when patterns
+ *	in a rule are not matched.
+ */
+enum nl80211_coalesce_condition {
+	NL80211_COALESCE_CONDITION_MATCH,
+	NL80211_COALESCE_CONDITION_NO_MATCH
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_iface_limit_attrs - limit attributes
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_UNSPEC: (reserved)
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_MAX: maximum number of interfaces that
+ *	can be chosen from this set of interface types (u32)
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_TYPES: nested attribute containing a
+ *	flag attribute for each interface type in this set
+ * @NUM_NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT: number of attributes
+ * @MAX_NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_iface_limit_attrs {
+	NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_UNSPEC,
+	NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_MAX,
+	NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT_TYPES,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT,
+	MAX_NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT = NUM_NL80211_IFACE_LIMIT - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_if_combination_attrs -- interface combination attributes
+ *
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_UNSPEC: (reserved)
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_LIMITS: Nested attributes containing the limits
+ *	for given interface types, see &enum nl80211_iface_limit_attrs.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_MAXNUM: u32 attribute giving the total number of
+ *	interfaces that can be created in this group. This number doesn't
+ *	apply to interfaces purely managed in software, which are listed
+ *	in a separate attribute %NL80211_ATTR_INTERFACES_SOFTWARE.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_STA_AP_BI_MATCH: flag attribute specifying that
+ *	beacon intervals within this group must be all the same even for
+ *	infrastructure and AP/GO combinations, i.e. the GO(s) must adopt
+ *	the infrastructure network's beacon interval.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_NUM_CHANNELS: u32 attribute specifying how many
+ *	different channels may be used within this group.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_RADAR_DETECT_WIDTHS: u32 attribute containing the bitmap
+ *	of supported channel widths for radar detection.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_RADAR_DETECT_REGIONS: u32 attribute containing the bitmap
+ *	of supported regulatory regions for radar detection.
+ * @NL80211_IFACE_COMB_BI_MIN_GCD: u32 attribute specifying the minimum GCD of
+ *	different beacon intervals supported by all the interface combinations
+ *	in this group (if not present, all beacon intervals be identical).
+ * @NUM_NL80211_IFACE_COMB: number of attributes
+ * @MAX_NL80211_IFACE_COMB: highest attribute number
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *	limits = [ #{STA} <= 1, #{AP} <= 1 ], matching BI, channels = 1, max = 2
+ *	=> allows an AP and a STA that must match BIs
+ *
+ *	numbers = [ #{AP, P2P-GO} <= 8 ], BI min gcd, channels = 1, max = 8,
+ *	=> allows 8 of AP/GO that can have BI gcd >= min gcd
+ *
+ *	numbers = [ #{STA} <= 2 ], channels = 2, max = 2
+ *	=> allows two STAs on the same or on different channels
+ *
+ *	numbers = [ #{STA} <= 1, #{P2P-client,P2P-GO} <= 3 ], max = 4
+ *	=> allows a STA plus three P2P interfaces
+ *
+ * The list of these four possibilities could completely be contained
+ * within the %NL80211_ATTR_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS attribute to indicate
+ * that any of these groups must match.
+ *
+ * "Combinations" of just a single interface will not be listed here,
+ * a single interface of any valid interface type is assumed to always
+ * be possible by itself. This means that implicitly, for each valid
+ * interface type, the following group always exists:
+ *	numbers = [ #{<type>} <= 1 ], channels = 1, max = 1
+ */
+enum nl80211_if_combination_attrs {
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_UNSPEC,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_LIMITS,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_MAXNUM,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_STA_AP_BI_MATCH,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_NUM_CHANNELS,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_RADAR_DETECT_WIDTHS,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_RADAR_DETECT_REGIONS,
+	NL80211_IFACE_COMB_BI_MIN_GCD,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_IFACE_COMB,
+	MAX_NL80211_IFACE_COMB = NUM_NL80211_IFACE_COMB - 1
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_plink_state - state of a mesh peer link finite state machine
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_LISTEN: initial state, considered the implicit
+ *	state of non existent mesh peer links
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_OPN_SNT: mesh plink open frame has been sent to
+ *	this mesh peer
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_OPN_RCVD: mesh plink open frame has been received
+ *	from this mesh peer
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_CNF_RCVD: mesh plink confirm frame has been
+ *	received from this mesh peer
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_ESTAB: mesh peer link is established
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_HOLDING: mesh peer link is being closed or cancelled
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_BLOCKED: all frames transmitted from this mesh
+ *	plink are discarded, except for authentication frames
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PLINK_STATES: number of peer link states
+ * @MAX_NL80211_PLINK_STATES: highest numerical value of plink states
+ */
+enum nl80211_plink_state {
+	NL80211_PLINK_LISTEN,
+	NL80211_PLINK_OPN_SNT,
+	NL80211_PLINK_OPN_RCVD,
+	NL80211_PLINK_CNF_RCVD,
+	NL80211_PLINK_ESTAB,
+	NL80211_PLINK_HOLDING,
+	NL80211_PLINK_BLOCKED,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PLINK_STATES,
+	MAX_NL80211_PLINK_STATES = NUM_NL80211_PLINK_STATES - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_plink_action - actions to perform in mesh peers
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_NO_ACTION: perform no action
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_OPEN: start mesh peer link establishment
+ * @NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_BLOCK: block traffic from this mesh peer
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PLINK_ACTIONS: number of possible actions
+ */
+enum plink_actions {
+	NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_NO_ACTION,
+	NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_OPEN,
+	NL80211_PLINK_ACTION_BLOCK,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_PLINK_ACTIONS,
+};
+
+
+#define NL80211_KCK_LEN			16
+#define NL80211_KEK_LEN			16
+#define NL80211_KCK_EXT_LEN		24
+#define NL80211_KEK_EXT_LEN		32
+#define NL80211_REPLAY_CTR_LEN		8
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_rekey_data - attributes for GTK rekey offload
+ * @__NL80211_REKEY_DATA_INVALID: invalid number for nested attributes
+ * @NL80211_REKEY_DATA_KEK: key encryption key (binary)
+ * @NL80211_REKEY_DATA_KCK: key confirmation key (binary)
+ * @NL80211_REKEY_DATA_REPLAY_CTR: replay counter (binary)
+ * @NL80211_REKEY_DATA_AKM: AKM data (OUI, suite type)
+ * @NUM_NL80211_REKEY_DATA: number of rekey attributes (internal)
+ * @MAX_NL80211_REKEY_DATA: highest rekey attribute (internal)
+ */
+enum nl80211_rekey_data {
+	__NL80211_REKEY_DATA_INVALID,
+	NL80211_REKEY_DATA_KEK,
+	NL80211_REKEY_DATA_KCK,
+	NL80211_REKEY_DATA_REPLAY_CTR,
+	NL80211_REKEY_DATA_AKM,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_REKEY_DATA,
+	MAX_NL80211_REKEY_DATA = NUM_NL80211_REKEY_DATA - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_hidden_ssid - values for %NL80211_ATTR_HIDDEN_SSID
+ * @NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_NOT_IN_USE: do not hide SSID (i.e., broadcast it in
+ *	Beacon frames)
+ * @NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_ZERO_LEN: hide SSID by using zero-length SSID element
+ *	in Beacon frames
+ * @NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_ZERO_CONTENTS: hide SSID by using correct length of SSID
+ *	element in Beacon frames but zero out each byte in the SSID
+ */
+enum nl80211_hidden_ssid {
+	NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_NOT_IN_USE,
+	NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_ZERO_LEN,
+	NL80211_HIDDEN_SSID_ZERO_CONTENTS
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sta_wme_attr - station WME attributes
+ * @__NL80211_STA_WME_INVALID: invalid number for nested attribute
+ * @NL80211_STA_WME_UAPSD_QUEUES: bitmap of uapsd queues. the format
+ *	is the same as the AC bitmap in the QoS info field.
+ * @NL80211_STA_WME_MAX_SP: max service period. the format is the same
+ *	as the MAX_SP field in the QoS info field (but already shifted down).
+ * @__NL80211_STA_WME_AFTER_LAST: internal
+ * @NL80211_STA_WME_MAX: highest station WME attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_sta_wme_attr {
+	__NL80211_STA_WME_INVALID,
+	NL80211_STA_WME_UAPSD_QUEUES,
+	NL80211_STA_WME_MAX_SP,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_STA_WME_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_STA_WME_MAX = __NL80211_STA_WME_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_pmksa_candidate_attr - attributes for PMKSA caching candidates
+ * @__NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_INVALID: invalid number for nested attributes
+ * @NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_INDEX: candidate index (u32; the smaller, the higher
+ *	priority)
+ * @NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_BSSID: candidate BSSID (6 octets)
+ * @NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_PREAUTH: RSN pre-authentication supported (flag)
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE: number of PMKSA caching candidate attributes
+ *	(internal)
+ * @MAX_NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE: highest PMKSA caching candidate attribute
+ *	(internal)
+ */
+enum nl80211_pmksa_candidate_attr {
+	__NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_INVALID,
+	NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_INDEX,
+	NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_BSSID,
+	NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE_PREAUTH,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE,
+	MAX_NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE = NUM_NL80211_PMKSA_CANDIDATE - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tdls_operation - values for %NL80211_ATTR_TDLS_OPERATION
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_DISCOVERY_REQ: Send a TDLS discovery request
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_SETUP: Setup TDLS link
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_TEARDOWN: Teardown a TDLS link which is already established
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_ENABLE_LINK: Enable TDLS link
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_DISABLE_LINK: Disable TDLS link
+ */
+enum nl80211_tdls_operation {
+	NL80211_TDLS_DISCOVERY_REQ,
+	NL80211_TDLS_SETUP,
+	NL80211_TDLS_TEARDOWN,
+	NL80211_TDLS_ENABLE_LINK,
+	NL80211_TDLS_DISABLE_LINK,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_ap_sme_features - device-integrated AP features
+ * @NL80211_AP_SME_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD: SA Query procedures offloaded to driver
+ *	when user space indicates support for SA Query procedures offload during
+ *	"start ap" with %NL80211_AP_SETTINGS_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT.
+ */
+enum nl80211_ap_sme_features {
+	NL80211_AP_SME_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD		= 1 << 0,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_feature_flags - device/driver features
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SK_TX_STATUS: This driver supports reflecting back
+ *	TX status to the socket error queue when requested with the
+ *	socket option.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_HT_IBSS: This driver supports IBSS with HT datarates.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_INACTIVITY_TIMER: This driver takes care of freeing up
+ *	the connected inactive stations in AP mode.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_CELL_BASE_REG_HINTS: This driver has been tested
+ *	to work properly to support receiving regulatory hints from
+ *	cellular base stations.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_DEVICE_NEEDS_CHANNEL: (no longer available, only
+ *	here to reserve the value for API/ABI compatibility)
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SAE: This driver supports simultaneous authentication of
+ *	equals (SAE) with user space SME (NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE) in station
+ *	mode
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_LOW_PRIORITY_SCAN: This driver supports low priority scan
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SCAN_FLUSH: Scan flush is supported
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_AP_SCAN: Support scanning using an AP vif
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_VIF_TXPOWER: The driver supports per-vif TX power setting
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN: The driver expects userspace to perform
+ *	OBSS scans and generate 20/40 BSS coex reports. This flag is used only
+ *	for drivers implementing the CONNECT API, for AUTH/ASSOC it is implied.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_GO_CTWIN: P2P GO implementation supports CT Window
+ *	setting
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_GO_OPPPS: P2P GO implementation supports opportunistic
+ *	powersave
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_FULL_AP_CLIENT_STATE: The driver supports full state
+ *	transitions for AP clients. Without this flag (and if the driver
+ *	doesn't have the AP SME in the device) the driver supports adding
+ *	stations only when they're associated and adds them in associated
+ *	state (to later be transitioned into authorized), with this flag
+ *	they should be added before even sending the authentication reply
+ *	and then transitioned into authenticated, associated and authorized
+ *	states using station flags.
+ *	Note that even for drivers that support this, the default is to add
+ *	stations in authenticated/associated state, so to add unauthenticated
+ *	stations the authenticated/associated bits have to be set in the mask.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_ADVERTISE_CHAN_LIMITS: cfg80211 advertises channel limits
+ *	(HT40, VHT 80/160 MHz) if this flag is set
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_USERSPACE_MPM: This driver supports a userspace Mesh
+ *	Peering Management entity which may be implemented by registering for
+ *	beacons or NL80211_CMD_NEW_PEER_CANDIDATE events. The mesh beacon is
+ *	still generated by the driver.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_ACTIVE_MONITOR: This driver supports an active monitor
+ *	interface. An active monitor interface behaves like a normal monitor
+ *	interface, but gets added to the driver. It ensures that incoming
+ *	unicast packets directed at the configured interface address get ACKed.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_AP_MODE_CHAN_WIDTH_CHANGE: This driver supports dynamic
+ *	channel bandwidth change (e.g., HT 20 <-> 40 MHz channel) during the
+ *	lifetime of a BSS.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_DS_PARAM_SET_IE_IN_PROBES: This device adds a DS Parameter
+ *	Set IE to probe requests.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_WFA_TPC_IE_IN_PROBES: This device adds a WFA TPC Report IE
+ *	to probe requests.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_QUIET: This device, in client mode, supports Quiet Period
+ *	requests sent to it by an AP.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_TX_POWER_INSERTION: This device is capable of inserting the
+ *	current tx power value into the TPC Report IE in the spectrum
+ *	management TPC Report action frame, and in the Radio Measurement Link
+ *	Measurement Report action frame.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_ACKTO_ESTIMATION: This driver supports dynamic ACK timeout
+ *	estimation (dynack). %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_DYN_ACK flag attribute is used
+ *	to enable dynack.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_STATIC_SMPS: Device supports static spatial
+ *	multiplexing powersave, ie. can turn off all but one chain
+ *	even on HT connections that should be using more chains.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_DYNAMIC_SMPS: Device supports dynamic spatial
+ *	multiplexing powersave, ie. can turn off all but one chain
+ *	and then wake the rest up as required after, for example,
+ *	rts/cts handshake.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_WMM_ADMISSION: the device supports setting up WMM
+ *	TSPEC sessions (TID aka TSID 0-7) with the %NL80211_CMD_ADD_TX_TS
+ *	command. Standard IEEE 802.11 TSPEC setup is not yet supported, it
+ *	needs to be able to handle Block-Ack agreements and other things.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_MAC_ON_CREATE: Device supports configuring
+ *	the vif's MAC address upon creation.
+ *	See 'macaddr' field in the vif_params (cfg80211.h).
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_TDLS_CHANNEL_SWITCH: Driver supports channel switching when
+ *	operating as a TDLS peer.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SCAN_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR: This device/driver supports using a
+ *	random MAC address during scan (if the device is unassociated); the
+ *	%NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_ADDR flag may be set for scans and the MAC
+ *	address mask/value will be used.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR: This device/driver supports
+ *	using a random MAC address for every scan iteration during scheduled
+ *	scan (while not associated), the %NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_ADDR may
+ *	be set for scheduled scan and the MAC address mask/value will be used.
+ * @NL80211_FEATURE_ND_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR: This device/driver supports using a
+ *	random MAC address for every scan iteration during "net detect", i.e.
+ *	scan in unassociated WoWLAN, the %NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_ADDR may
+ *	be set for scheduled scan and the MAC address mask/value will be used.
+ */
+enum nl80211_feature_flags {
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SK_TX_STATUS			= 1 << 0,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_HT_IBSS				= 1 << 1,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_INACTIVITY_TIMER		= 1 << 2,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_CELL_BASE_REG_HINTS		= 1 << 3,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_DEVICE_NEEDS_CHANNEL	= 1 << 4,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SAE				= 1 << 5,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_LOW_PRIORITY_SCAN		= 1 << 6,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SCAN_FLUSH			= 1 << 7,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_AP_SCAN				= 1 << 8,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_VIF_TXPOWER			= 1 << 9,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN			= 1 << 10,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_GO_CTWIN			= 1 << 11,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_P2P_GO_OPPPS			= 1 << 12,
+	/* bit 13 is reserved */
+	NL80211_FEATURE_ADVERTISE_CHAN_LIMITS		= 1 << 14,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_FULL_AP_CLIENT_STATE		= 1 << 15,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_USERSPACE_MPM			= 1 << 16,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_ACTIVE_MONITOR			= 1 << 17,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_AP_MODE_CHAN_WIDTH_CHANGE	= 1 << 18,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_DS_PARAM_SET_IE_IN_PROBES	= 1 << 19,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_WFA_TPC_IE_IN_PROBES		= 1 << 20,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_QUIET				= 1 << 21,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_TX_POWER_INSERTION		= 1 << 22,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_ACKTO_ESTIMATION		= 1 << 23,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_STATIC_SMPS			= 1 << 24,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_DYNAMIC_SMPS			= 1 << 25,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SUPPORTS_WMM_ADMISSION		= 1 << 26,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_MAC_ON_CREATE			= 1 << 27,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_TDLS_CHANNEL_SWITCH		= 1 << 28,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SCAN_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR		= 1 << 29,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR	= 1 << 30,
+	NL80211_FEATURE_ND_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR		= 1U << 31,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_ext_feature_index - bit index of extended features.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_VHT_IBSS: This driver supports IBSS with VHT datarates.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_RRM: This driver supports RRM. When featured, user can
+ *	request to use RRM (see %NL80211_ATTR_USE_RRM) with
+ *	%NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE and %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT requests, which will set
+ *	the ASSOC_REQ_USE_RRM flag in the association request even if
+ *	NL80211_FEATURE_QUIET is not advertized.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MU_MIMO_AIR_SNIFFER: This device supports MU-MIMO air
+ *	sniffer which means that it can be configured to hear packets from
+ *	certain groups which can be configured by the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_GROUP_DATA attribute,
+ *	or can be configured to follow a station by configuring the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_MU_MIMO_FOLLOW_MAC_ADDR attribute.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_START_TIME: This driver includes the actual
+ *	time the scan started in scan results event. The time is the TSF of
+ *	the BSS that the interface that requested the scan is connected to
+ *	(if available).
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BSS_PARENT_TSF: Per BSS, this driver reports the
+ *	time the last beacon/probe was received. The time is the TSF of the
+ *	BSS that the interface that requested the scan is connected to
+ *	(if available).
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SET_SCAN_DWELL: This driver supports configuration of
+ *	channel dwell time.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_LEGACY: Driver supports beacon rate
+ *	configuration (AP/mesh), supporting a legacy (non HT/VHT) rate.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HT: Driver supports beacon rate
+ *	configuration (AP/mesh) with HT rates.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_VHT: Driver supports beacon rate
+ *	configuration (AP/mesh) with VHT rates.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_STA: This driver supports Fast Initial Link Setup
+ *	with user space SME (NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE) in station mode.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MGMT_TX_RANDOM_TA: This driver supports randomized TA
+ *	in @NL80211_CMD_FRAME while not associated.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MGMT_TX_RANDOM_TA_CONNECTED: This driver supports
+ *	randomized TA in @NL80211_CMD_FRAME while associated.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI: The driver supports sched_scan
+ *	for reporting BSSs with better RSSI than the current connected BSS
+ *	(%NL80211_ATTR_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI).
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CQM_RSSI_LIST: With this driver the
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THOLD attribute accepts a list of zero or more
+ *	RSSI threshold values to monitor rather than exactly one threshold.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_SK_OFFLOAD: Driver SME supports FILS shared key
+ *	authentication with %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_PSK: Device wants to do 4-way
+ *	handshake with PSK in station mode (PSK is passed as part of the connect
+ *	and associate commands), doing it in the host might not be supported.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_1X: Device wants to do doing 4-way
+ *	handshake with 802.1X in station mode (will pass EAP frames to the host
+ *	and accept the set_pmk/del_pmk commands), doing it in the host might not
+ *	be supported.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_MAX_CHANNEL_TIME: Driver is capable of overriding
+ *	the max channel attribute in the FILS request params IE with the
+ *	actual dwell time.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ACCEPT_BCAST_PROBE_RESP: Driver accepts broadcast probe
+ *	response
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OCE_PROBE_REQ_HIGH_TX_RATE: Driver supports sending
+ *	the first probe request in each channel at rate of at least 5.5Mbps.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OCE_PROBE_REQ_DEFERRAL_SUPPRESSION: Driver supports
+ *	probe request tx deferral and suppression
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MFP_OPTIONAL: Driver supports the %NL80211_MFP_OPTIONAL
+ *	value in %NL80211_ATTR_USE_MFP.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_LOW_SPAN_SCAN: Driver supports low span scan.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_LOW_POWER_SCAN: Driver supports low power scan.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_HIGH_ACCURACY_SCAN: Driver supports high accuracy scan.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DFS_OFFLOAD: HW/driver will offload DFS actions.
+ *	Device or driver will do all DFS-related actions by itself,
+ *	informing user-space about CAC progress, radar detection event,
+ *	channel change triggered by radar detection event.
+ *	No need to start CAC from user-space, no need to react to
+ *	"radar detected" event.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211: Driver supports sending and
+ *	receiving control port frames over nl80211 instead of the netdevice.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ACK_SIGNAL_SUPPORT: This driver/device supports
+ *	(average) ACK signal strength reporting.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_TXQS: Driver supports FQ-CoDel-enabled intermediate
+ *      TXQs.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_RANDOM_SN: Driver/device supports randomizing the
+ *	SN in probe request frames if requested by %NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_SN.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_MIN_PREQ_CONTENT: Driver/device can omit all data
+ *	except for supported rates from the probe request content if requested
+ *	by the %NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_MIN_PREQ_CONTENT flag.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ENABLE_FTM_RESPONDER: Driver supports enabling fine
+ *	timing measurement responder role.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CAN_REPLACE_PTK0: Driver/device confirm that they are
+ *      able to rekey an in-use key correctly. Userspace must not rekey PTK keys
+ *      if this flag is not set. Ignoring this can leak clear text packets and/or
+ *      freeze the connection.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_EXT_KEY_ID: Driver supports "Extended Key ID for
+ *      Individually Addressed Frames" from IEEE802.11-2016.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AIRTIME_FAIRNESS: Driver supports getting airtime
+ *	fairness for transmitted packets and has enabled airtime fairness
+ *	scheduling.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AP_PMKSA_CACHING: Driver/device supports PMKSA caching
+ *	(set/del PMKSA operations) in AP mode.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_BAND_SPECIFIC_RSSI_THOLD: Driver supports
+ *	filtering of sched scan results using band specific RSSI thresholds.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_STA_TX_PWR: This driver supports controlling tx power
+ *	to a station.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD: Device wants to do SAE authentication in
+ *	station mode (SAE password is passed as part of the connect command).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_VLAN_OFFLOAD: The driver supports a single netdev
+ *	with VLAN tagged frames and separate VLAN-specific netdevs added using
+ *	vconfig similarly to the Ethernet case.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AQL: The driver supports the Airtime Queue Limit (AQL)
+ *	feature, which prevents bufferbloat by using the expected transmission
+ *	time to limit the amount of data buffered in the hardware.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_PROTECTION: The driver supports Beacon protection
+ *	and can receive key configuration for BIGTK using key indexes 6 and 7.
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_PROTECTION_CLIENT: The driver supports Beacon
+ *	protection as a client only and cannot transmit protected beacons.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_NO_PREAUTH: The driver can disable the
+ *	forwarding of preauth frames over the control port. They are then
+ *	handled as ordinary data frames.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_PROTECTED_TWT: Driver supports protected TWT frames
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DEL_IBSS_STA: The driver supports removing stations
+ *      in IBSS mode, essentially by dropping their state.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MULTICAST_REGISTRATIONS: management frame registrations
+ *	are possible for multicast frames and those will be reported properly.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ: This driver supports receiving and
+ *	reporting scan request with %NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ. In order to
+ *	report %NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ, %NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FREQ_KHZ must be
+ *	included in the scan request.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211_TX_STATUS: The driver
+ *	can report tx status for control port over nl80211 tx operations.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OPERATING_CHANNEL_VALIDATION: Driver supports Operating
+ *	Channel Validation (OCV) when using driver's SME for RSNA handshakes.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_AP_PSK: Device wants to do 4-way
+ *	handshake with PSK in AP mode (PSK is passed as part of the start AP
+ *	command).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD_AP: Device wants to do SAE authentication
+ *	in AP mode (SAE password is passed as part of the start AP command).
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_DISCOVERY: Driver/device supports FILS discovery
+ *	frames transmission
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP: Driver/device supports
+ *	unsolicited broadcast probe response transmission
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HE: Driver supports beacon rate
+ *	configuration (AP/mesh) with HE rates.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SECURE_LTF: Device supports secure LTF measurement
+ *      exchange protocol.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SECURE_RTT: Device supports secure RTT measurement
+ *      exchange protocol.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_PROT_RANGE_NEGO_AND_MEASURE: Device supports management
+ *      frame protection for all management frames exchanged during the
+ *      negotiation and range measurement procedure.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BSS_COLOR: The driver supports BSS color collision
+ *	detection and change announcemnts.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_CRYPTO_OFFLOAD: Driver running in AP mode supports
+ *	FILS encryption and decryption for (Re)Association Request and Response
+ *	frames. Userspace has to share FILS AAD details to the driver by using
+ *	@NL80211_CMD_SET_FILS_AAD.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_RADAR_BACKGROUND: Device supports background radar/CAC
+ *	detection.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_POWERED_ADDR_CHANGE: Device can perform a MAC address
+ *	change without having to bring the underlying network device down
+ *	first. For example, in station mode this can be used to vary the
+ *	origin MAC address prior to a connection to a new AP for privacy
+ *	or other reasons. Note that certain driver specific restrictions
+ *	might apply, e.g. no scans in progress, no offchannel operations
+ *	in progress, and no active connections.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_EXT_FEATURES: number of extended features.
+ * @MAX_NL80211_EXT_FEATURES: highest extended feature index.
+ */
+enum nl80211_ext_feature_index {
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_VHT_IBSS,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_RRM,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MU_MIMO_AIR_SNIFFER,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_START_TIME,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BSS_PARENT_TSF,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SET_SCAN_DWELL,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_LEGACY,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_VHT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_STA,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MGMT_TX_RANDOM_TA,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MGMT_TX_RANDOM_TA_CONNECTED,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_RELATIVE_RSSI,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CQM_RSSI_LIST,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_SK_OFFLOAD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_PSK,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_STA_1X,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_MAX_CHANNEL_TIME,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ACCEPT_BCAST_PROBE_RESP,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OCE_PROBE_REQ_HIGH_TX_RATE,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OCE_PROBE_REQ_DEFERRAL_SUPPRESSION,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MFP_OPTIONAL,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_LOW_SPAN_SCAN,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_LOW_POWER_SCAN,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_HIGH_ACCURACY_SCAN,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DFS_OFFLOAD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ACK_SIGNAL_SUPPORT,
+	/* we renamed this - stay compatible */
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DATA_ACK_SIGNAL_SUPPORT = NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ACK_SIGNAL_SUPPORT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_TXQS,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_RANDOM_SN,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_MIN_PREQ_CONTENT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CAN_REPLACE_PTK0,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_ENABLE_FTM_RESPONDER,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AIRTIME_FAIRNESS,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AP_PMKSA_CACHING,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCHED_SCAN_BAND_SPECIFIC_RSSI_THOLD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_EXT_KEY_ID,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_STA_TX_PWR,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_VLAN_OFFLOAD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_AQL,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_PROTECTION,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_NO_PREAUTH,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_PROTECTED_TWT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DEL_IBSS_STA,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_MULTICAST_REGISTRATIONS,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_PROTECTION_CLIENT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_CONTROL_PORT_OVER_NL80211_TX_STATUS,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_OPERATING_CHANNEL_VALIDATION,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_4WAY_HANDSHAKE_AP_PSK,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SAE_OFFLOAD_AP,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_DISCOVERY,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BEACON_RATE_HE,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SECURE_LTF,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_SECURE_RTT,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_PROT_RANGE_NEGO_AND_MEASURE,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_BSS_COLOR,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_FILS_CRYPTO_OFFLOAD,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_RADAR_BACKGROUND,
+	NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_POWERED_ADDR_CHANGE,
+
+	/* add new features before the definition below */
+	NUM_NL80211_EXT_FEATURES,
+	MAX_NL80211_EXT_FEATURES = NUM_NL80211_EXT_FEATURES - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_probe_resp_offload_support_attr - optional supported
+ *	protocols for probe-response offloading by the driver/FW.
+ *	To be used with the %NL80211_ATTR_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD attribute.
+ *	Each enum value represents a bit in the bitmap of supported
+ *	protocols. Typically a subset of probe-requests belonging to a
+ *	supported protocol will be excluded from offload and uploaded
+ *	to the host.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_WPS: Support for WPS ver. 1
+ * @NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_WPS2: Support for WPS ver. 2
+ * @NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_P2P: Support for P2P
+ * @NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_80211U: Support for 802.11u
+ */
+enum nl80211_probe_resp_offload_support_attr {
+	NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_WPS =	1<<0,
+	NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_WPS2 =	1<<1,
+	NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_P2P =	1<<2,
+	NL80211_PROBE_RESP_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT_80211U =	1<<3,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_connect_failed_reason - connection request failed reasons
+ * @NL80211_CONN_FAIL_MAX_CLIENTS: Maximum number of clients that can be
+ *	handled by the AP is reached.
+ * @NL80211_CONN_FAIL_BLOCKED_CLIENT: Connection request is rejected due to ACL.
+ */
+enum nl80211_connect_failed_reason {
+	NL80211_CONN_FAIL_MAX_CLIENTS,
+	NL80211_CONN_FAIL_BLOCKED_CLIENT,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_timeout_reason - timeout reasons
+ *
+ * @NL80211_TIMEOUT_UNSPECIFIED: Timeout reason unspecified.
+ * @NL80211_TIMEOUT_SCAN: Scan (AP discovery) timed out.
+ * @NL80211_TIMEOUT_AUTH: Authentication timed out.
+ * @NL80211_TIMEOUT_ASSOC: Association timed out.
+ */
+enum nl80211_timeout_reason {
+	NL80211_TIMEOUT_UNSPECIFIED,
+	NL80211_TIMEOUT_SCAN,
+	NL80211_TIMEOUT_AUTH,
+	NL80211_TIMEOUT_ASSOC,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_scan_flags -  scan request control flags
+ *
+ * Scan request control flags are used to control the handling
+ * of NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN and NL80211_CMD_START_SCHED_SCAN
+ * requests.
+ *
+ * NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_SPAN, NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_POWER, and
+ * NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_HIGH_ACCURACY flags are exclusive of each other, i.e., only
+ * one of them can be used in the request.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_PRIORITY: scan request has low priority
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FLUSH: flush cache before scanning
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_AP: force a scan even if the interface is configured
+ *	as AP and the beaconing has already been configured. This attribute is
+ *	dangerous because will destroy stations performance as a lot of frames
+ *	will be lost while scanning off-channel, therefore it must be used only
+ *	when really needed
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_ADDR: use a random MAC address for this scan (or
+ *	for scheduled scan: a different one for every scan iteration). When the
+ *	flag is set, depending on device capabilities the @NL80211_ATTR_MAC and
+ *	@NL80211_ATTR_MAC_MASK attributes may also be given in which case only
+ *	the masked bits will be preserved from the MAC address and the remainder
+ *	randomised. If the attributes are not given full randomisation (46 bits,
+ *	locally administered 1, multicast 0) is assumed.
+ *	This flag must not be requested when the feature isn't supported, check
+ *	the nl80211 feature flags for the device.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FILS_MAX_CHANNEL_TIME: fill the dwell time in the FILS
+ *	request parameters IE in the probe request
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_ACCEPT_BCAST_PROBE_RESP: accept broadcast probe responses
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_OCE_PROBE_REQ_HIGH_TX_RATE: send probe request frames at
+ *	rate of at least 5.5M. In case non OCE AP is discovered in the channel,
+ *	only the first probe req in the channel will be sent in high rate.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_OCE_PROBE_REQ_DEFERRAL_SUPPRESSION: allow probe request
+ *	tx deferral (dot11FILSProbeDelay shall be set to 15ms)
+ *	and suppression (if it has received a broadcast Probe Response frame,
+ *	Beacon frame or FILS Discovery frame from an AP that the STA considers
+ *	a suitable candidate for (re-)association - suitable in terms of
+ *	SSID and/or RSSI.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_SPAN: Span corresponds to the total time taken to
+ *	accomplish the scan. Thus, this flag intends the driver to perform the
+ *	scan request with lesser span/duration. It is specific to the driver
+ *	implementations on how this is accomplished. Scan accuracy may get
+ *	impacted with this flag.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_POWER: This flag intends the scan attempts to consume
+ *	optimal possible power. Drivers can resort to their specific means to
+ *	optimize the power. Scan accuracy may get impacted with this flag.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_HIGH_ACCURACY: Accuracy here intends to the extent of scan
+ *	results obtained. Thus HIGH_ACCURACY scan flag aims to get maximum
+ *	possible scan results. This flag hints the driver to use the best
+ *	possible scan configuration to improve the accuracy in scanning.
+ *	Latency and power use may get impacted with this flag.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_SN: randomize the sequence number in probe
+ *	request frames from this scan to avoid correlation/tracking being
+ *	possible.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_MIN_PREQ_CONTENT: minimize probe request content to
+ *	only have supported rates and no additional capabilities (unless
+ *	added by userspace explicitly.)
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FREQ_KHZ: report scan results with
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQ_KHZ. This also means
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES will not be included.
+ * @NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_COLOCATED_6GHZ: scan for colocated APs reported by
+ *	2.4/5 GHz APs
+ */
+enum nl80211_scan_flags {
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_PRIORITY				= 1<<0,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FLUSH					= 1<<1,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_AP					= 1<<2,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_ADDR				= 1<<3,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FILS_MAX_CHANNEL_TIME			= 1<<4,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_ACCEPT_BCAST_PROBE_RESP		= 1<<5,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_OCE_PROBE_REQ_HIGH_TX_RATE		= 1<<6,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_OCE_PROBE_REQ_DEFERRAL_SUPPRESSION	= 1<<7,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_SPAN				= 1<<8,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_LOW_POWER				= 1<<9,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_HIGH_ACCURACY				= 1<<10,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_RANDOM_SN				= 1<<11,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_MIN_PREQ_CONTENT			= 1<<12,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_FREQ_KHZ				= 1<<13,
+	NL80211_SCAN_FLAG_COLOCATED_6GHZ			= 1<<14,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_acl_policy - access control policy
+ *
+ * Access control policy is applied on a MAC list set by
+ * %NL80211_CMD_START_AP and %NL80211_CMD_SET_MAC_ACL, to
+ * be used with %NL80211_ATTR_ACL_POLICY.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_ACL_POLICY_ACCEPT_UNLESS_LISTED: Deny stations which are
+ *	listed in ACL, i.e. allow all the stations which are not listed
+ *	in ACL to authenticate.
+ * @NL80211_ACL_POLICY_DENY_UNLESS_LISTED: Allow the stations which are listed
+ *	in ACL, i.e. deny all the stations which are not listed in ACL.
+ */
+enum nl80211_acl_policy {
+	NL80211_ACL_POLICY_ACCEPT_UNLESS_LISTED,
+	NL80211_ACL_POLICY_DENY_UNLESS_LISTED,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_smps_mode - SMPS mode
+ *
+ * Requested SMPS mode (for AP mode)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SMPS_OFF: SMPS off (use all antennas).
+ * @NL80211_SMPS_STATIC: static SMPS (use a single antenna)
+ * @NL80211_SMPS_DYNAMIC: dynamic smps (start with a single antenna and
+ *	turn on other antennas after CTS/RTS).
+ */
+enum nl80211_smps_mode {
+	NL80211_SMPS_OFF,
+	NL80211_SMPS_STATIC,
+	NL80211_SMPS_DYNAMIC,
+
+	__NL80211_SMPS_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_SMPS_MAX = __NL80211_SMPS_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_radar_event - type of radar event for DFS operation
+ *
+ * Type of event to be used with NL80211_ATTR_RADAR_EVENT to inform userspace
+ * about detected radars or success of the channel available check (CAC)
+ *
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_DETECTED: A radar pattern has been detected. The channel is
+ *	now unusable.
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_CAC_FINISHED: Channel Availability Check has been finished,
+ *	the channel is now available.
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_CAC_ABORTED: Channel Availability Check has been aborted, no
+ *	change to the channel status.
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_NOP_FINISHED: The Non-Occupancy Period for this channel is
+ *	over, channel becomes usable.
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_PRE_CAC_EXPIRED: Channel Availability Check done on this
+ *	non-operating channel is expired and no longer valid. New CAC must
+ *	be done on this channel before starting the operation. This is not
+ *	applicable for ETSI dfs domain where pre-CAC is valid for ever.
+ * @NL80211_RADAR_CAC_STARTED: Channel Availability Check has been started,
+ *	should be generated by HW if NL80211_EXT_FEATURE_DFS_OFFLOAD is enabled.
+ */
+enum nl80211_radar_event {
+	NL80211_RADAR_DETECTED,
+	NL80211_RADAR_CAC_FINISHED,
+	NL80211_RADAR_CAC_ABORTED,
+	NL80211_RADAR_NOP_FINISHED,
+	NL80211_RADAR_PRE_CAC_EXPIRED,
+	NL80211_RADAR_CAC_STARTED,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_dfs_state - DFS states for channels
+ *
+ * Channel states used by the DFS code.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_DFS_USABLE: The channel can be used, but channel availability
+ *	check (CAC) must be performed before using it for AP or IBSS.
+ * @NL80211_DFS_UNAVAILABLE: A radar has been detected on this channel, it
+ *	is therefore marked as not available.
+ * @NL80211_DFS_AVAILABLE: The channel has been CAC checked and is available.
+ */
+enum nl80211_dfs_state {
+	NL80211_DFS_USABLE,
+	NL80211_DFS_UNAVAILABLE,
+	NL80211_DFS_AVAILABLE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_protocol_features - nl80211 protocol features
+ * @NL80211_PROTOCOL_FEATURE_SPLIT_WIPHY_DUMP: nl80211 supports splitting
+ *	wiphy dumps (if requested by the application with the attribute
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_SPLIT_WIPHY_DUMP. Also supported is filtering the
+ *	wiphy dump by %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY, %NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX or
+ *	%NL80211_ATTR_WDEV.
+ */
+enum nl80211_protocol_features {
+	NL80211_PROTOCOL_FEATURE_SPLIT_WIPHY_DUMP =	1 << 0,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_crit_proto_id - nl80211 critical protocol identifiers
+ *
+ * @NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_UNSPEC: protocol unspecified.
+ * @NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_DHCP: BOOTP or DHCPv6 protocol.
+ * @NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_EAPOL: EAPOL protocol.
+ * @NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_APIPA: APIPA protocol.
+ * @NUM_NL80211_CRIT_PROTO: must be kept last.
+ */
+enum nl80211_crit_proto_id {
+	NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_UNSPEC,
+	NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_DHCP,
+	NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_EAPOL,
+	NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_APIPA,
+	/* add other protocols before this one */
+	NUM_NL80211_CRIT_PROTO
+};
+
+/* maximum duration for critical protocol measures */
+#define NL80211_CRIT_PROTO_MAX_DURATION		5000 /* msec */
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_rxmgmt_flags - flags for received management frame.
+ *
+ * Used by cfg80211_rx_mgmt()
+ *
+ * @NL80211_RXMGMT_FLAG_ANSWERED: frame was answered by device/driver.
+ * @NL80211_RXMGMT_FLAG_EXTERNAL_AUTH: Host driver intends to offload
+ *	the authentication. Exclusively defined for host drivers that
+ *	advertises the SME functionality but would like the userspace
+ *	to handle certain authentication algorithms (e.g. SAE).
+ */
+enum nl80211_rxmgmt_flags {
+	NL80211_RXMGMT_FLAG_ANSWERED = 1 << 0,
+	NL80211_RXMGMT_FLAG_EXTERNAL_AUTH = 1 << 1,
+};
+
+/*
+ * If this flag is unset, the lower 24 bits are an OUI, if set
+ * a Linux nl80211 vendor ID is used (no such IDs are allocated
+ * yet, so that's not valid so far)
+ */
+#define NL80211_VENDOR_ID_IS_LINUX	0x80000000
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_vendor_cmd_info - vendor command data
+ * @vendor_id: If the %NL80211_VENDOR_ID_IS_LINUX flag is clear, then the
+ *	value is a 24-bit OUI; if it is set then a separately allocated ID
+ *	may be used, but no such IDs are allocated yet. New IDs should be
+ *	added to this file when needed.
+ * @subcmd: sub-command ID for the command
+ */
+struct nl80211_vendor_cmd_info {
+	__u32 vendor_id;
+	__u32 subcmd;
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_tdls_peer_capability - TDLS peer flags.
+ *
+ * Used by tdls_mgmt() to determine which conditional elements need
+ * to be added to TDLS Setup frames.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_PEER_HT: TDLS peer is HT capable.
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_PEER_VHT: TDLS peer is VHT capable.
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_PEER_WMM: TDLS peer is WMM capable.
+ * @NL80211_TDLS_PEER_HE: TDLS peer is HE capable.
+ */
+enum nl80211_tdls_peer_capability {
+	NL80211_TDLS_PEER_HT = 1<<0,
+	NL80211_TDLS_PEER_VHT = 1<<1,
+	NL80211_TDLS_PEER_WMM = 1<<2,
+	NL80211_TDLS_PEER_HE = 1<<3,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sched_scan_plan - scanning plan for scheduled scan
+ * @__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_INTERVAL: interval between scan iterations. In
+ *	seconds (u32).
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_ITERATIONS: number of scan iterations in this
+ *	scan plan (u32). The last scan plan must not specify this attribute
+ *	because it will run infinitely. A value of zero is invalid as it will
+ *	make the scan plan meaningless.
+ * @NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_MAX: highest scheduled scan plan attribute number
+ *	currently defined
+ * @__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_AFTER_LAST: internal use
+ */
+enum nl80211_sched_scan_plan {
+	__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_INVALID,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_INTERVAL,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_ITERATIONS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_MAX =
+		__NL80211_SCHED_SCAN_PLAN_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct nl80211_bss_select_rssi_adjust - RSSI adjustment parameters.
+ *
+ * @band: band of BSS that must match for RSSI value adjustment. The value
+ *	of this field is according to &enum nl80211_band.
+ * @delta: value used to adjust the RSSI value of matching BSS in dB.
+ */
+struct nl80211_bss_select_rssi_adjust {
+	__u8 band;
+	__s8 delta;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bss_select_attr - attributes for bss selection.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_INVALID: reserved.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_RSSI: Flag indicating only RSSI-based BSS selection
+ *	is requested.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_BAND_PREF: attribute indicating BSS
+ *	selection should be done such that the specified band is preferred.
+ *	When there are multiple BSS-es in the preferred band, the driver
+ *	shall use RSSI-based BSS selection as a second step. The value of
+ *	this attribute is according to &enum nl80211_band (u32).
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_RSSI_ADJUST: When present the RSSI level for
+ *	BSS-es in the specified band is to be adjusted before doing
+ *	RSSI-based BSS selection. The attribute value is a packed structure
+ *	value as specified by &struct nl80211_bss_select_rssi_adjust.
+ * @NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_MAX: highest bss select attribute number.
+ * @__NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: internal use.
+ *
+ * One and only one of these attributes are found within %NL80211_ATTR_BSS_SELECT
+ * for %NL80211_CMD_CONNECT. It specifies the required BSS selection behaviour
+ * which the driver shall use.
+ */
+enum nl80211_bss_select_attr {
+	__NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_INVALID,
+	NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_RSSI,
+	NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_BAND_PREF,
+	NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_RSSI_ADJUST,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_BSS_SELECT_ATTR_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_function_type - NAN function type
+ *
+ * Defines the function type of a NAN function
+ *
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH: function is publish
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SUBSCRIBE: function is subscribe
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP: function is follow-up
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_function_type {
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SUBSCRIBE,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TYPE_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_MAX_TYPE = __NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TYPE_AFTER_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_publish_type - NAN publish tx type
+ *
+ * Defines how to send publish Service Discovery Frames
+ *
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SOLICITED_PUBLISH: publish function is solicited
+ * @NL80211_NAN_UNSOLICITED_PUBLISH: publish function is unsolicited
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_publish_type {
+	NL80211_NAN_SOLICITED_PUBLISH = 1 << 0,
+	NL80211_NAN_UNSOLICITED_PUBLISH = 1 << 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_func_term_reason - NAN functions termination reason
+ *
+ * Defines termination reasons of a NAN function
+ *
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_USER_REQUEST: requested by user
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_TTL_EXPIRED: timeout
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_ERROR: errored
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_func_term_reason {
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_USER_REQUEST,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_TTL_EXPIRED,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON_ERROR,
+};
+
+#define NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_ID_LEN 6
+#define NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_SPEC_INFO_MAX_LEN 0xff
+#define NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SRF_MAX_LEN 0xff
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_func_attributes - NAN function attributes
+ * @__NL80211_NAN_FUNC_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TYPE: &enum nl80211_nan_function_type (u8).
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_ID: 6 bytes of the service ID hash as
+ *	specified in NAN spec. This is a binary attribute.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH_TYPE: relevant if the function's type is
+ *	publish. Defines the transmission type for the publish Service Discovery
+ *	Frame, see &enum nl80211_nan_publish_type. Its type is u8.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH_BCAST: relevant if the function is a solicited
+ *	publish. Should the solicited publish Service Discovery Frame be sent to
+ *	the NAN Broadcast address. This is a flag.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SUBSCRIBE_ACTIVE: relevant if the function's type is
+ *	subscribe. Is the subscribe active. This is a flag.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_ID: relevant if the function's type is follow up.
+ *	The instance ID for the follow up Service Discovery Frame. This is u8.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_REQ_ID: relevant if the function's type
+ *	is follow up. This is a u8.
+ *	The requestor instance ID for the follow up Service Discovery Frame.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_DEST: the MAC address of the recipient of the
+ *	follow up Service Discovery Frame. This is a binary attribute.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_CLOSE_RANGE: is this function limited for devices in a
+ *	close range. The range itself (RSSI) is defined by the device.
+ *	This is a flag.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TTL: strictly positive number of DWs this function should
+ *	stay active. If not present infinite TTL is assumed. This is a u32.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_INFO: array of bytes describing the service
+ *	specific info. This is a binary attribute.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SRF: Service Receive Filter. This is a nested attribute.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_nan_srf_attributes.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_RX_MATCH_FILTER: Receive Matching filter. This is a nested
+ *	attribute. It is a list of binary values.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TX_MATCH_FILTER: Transmit Matching filter. This is a
+ *	nested attribute. It is a list of binary values.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_INSTANCE_ID: The instance ID of the function.
+ *	Its type is u8 and it cannot be 0.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON: NAN function termination reason.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_nan_func_term_reason.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_NAN_FUNC_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_NAN_FUNC_ATTR_MAX: highest NAN function attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_func_attributes {
+	__NL80211_NAN_FUNC_INVALID,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TYPE,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_ID,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH_TYPE,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_PUBLISH_BCAST,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SUBSCRIBE_ACTIVE,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_ID,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_REQ_ID,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_FOLLOW_UP_DEST,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_CLOSE_RANGE,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TTL,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SERVICE_INFO,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_SRF,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_RX_MATCH_FILTER,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TX_MATCH_FILTER,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_INSTANCE_ID,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_TERM_REASON,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_NAN_FUNC_ATTR,
+	NL80211_NAN_FUNC_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_NAN_FUNC_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_srf_attributes - NAN Service Response filter attributes
+ * @__NL80211_NAN_SRF_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SRF_INCLUDE: present if the include bit of the SRF set.
+ *	This is a flag.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF: Bloom Filter. Present if and only if
+ *	%NL80211_NAN_SRF_MAC_ADDRS isn't present. This attribute is binary.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF_IDX: index of the Bloom Filter. Mandatory if
+ *	%NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF is present. This is a u8.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SRF_MAC_ADDRS: list of MAC addresses for the SRF. Present if
+ *	and only if %NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF isn't present. This is a nested
+ *	attribute. Each nested attribute is a MAC address.
+ * @NUM_NL80211_NAN_SRF_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_NAN_SRF_ATTR_MAX: highest NAN SRF attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_srf_attributes {
+	__NL80211_NAN_SRF_INVALID,
+	NL80211_NAN_SRF_INCLUDE,
+	NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF,
+	NL80211_NAN_SRF_BF_IDX,
+	NL80211_NAN_SRF_MAC_ADDRS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_NAN_SRF_ATTR,
+	NL80211_NAN_SRF_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_NAN_SRF_ATTR - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_nan_match_attributes - NAN match attributes
+ * @__NL80211_NAN_MATCH_INVALID: invalid
+ * @NL80211_NAN_MATCH_FUNC_LOCAL: the local function that had the
+ *	match. This is a nested attribute.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_nan_func_attributes.
+ * @NL80211_NAN_MATCH_FUNC_PEER: the peer function
+ *	that caused the match. This is a nested attribute.
+ *	See &enum nl80211_nan_func_attributes.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_NAN_MATCH_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_NAN_MATCH_ATTR_MAX: highest NAN match attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_nan_match_attributes {
+	__NL80211_NAN_MATCH_INVALID,
+	NL80211_NAN_MATCH_FUNC_LOCAL,
+	NL80211_NAN_MATCH_FUNC_PEER,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_NAN_MATCH_ATTR,
+	NL80211_NAN_MATCH_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_NAN_MATCH_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * nl80211_external_auth_action - Action to perform with external
+ *     authentication request. Used by NL80211_ATTR_EXTERNAL_AUTH_ACTION.
+ * @NL80211_EXTERNAL_AUTH_START: Start the authentication.
+ * @NL80211_EXTERNAL_AUTH_ABORT: Abort the ongoing authentication.
+ */
+enum nl80211_external_auth_action {
+	NL80211_EXTERNAL_AUTH_START,
+	NL80211_EXTERNAL_AUTH_ABORT,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_ftm_responder_attributes - fine timing measurement
+ *	responder attributes
+ * @__NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ * @NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_ENABLED: FTM responder is enabled
+ * @NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LCI: The content of Measurement Report Element
+ *	(9.4.2.22 in 802.11-2016) with type 8 - LCI (9.4.2.22.10),
+ *	i.e. starting with the measurement token
+ * @NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_CIVIC: The content of Measurement Report Element
+ *	(9.4.2.22 in 802.11-2016) with type 11 - Civic (Section 9.4.2.22.13),
+ *	i.e. starting with the measurement token
+ * @__NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_MAX: highest FTM responder attribute.
+ */
+enum nl80211_ftm_responder_attributes {
+	__NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_ENABLED,
+	NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LCI,
+	NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_CIVICLOC,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/*
+ * enum nl80211_ftm_responder_stats - FTM responder statistics
+ *
+ * These attribute types are used with %NL80211_ATTR_FTM_RESPONDER_STATS
+ * when getting FTM responder statistics.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_FTM_STATS_INVALID: attribute number 0 is reserved
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_SUCCESS_NUM: number of FTM sessions in which all frames
+ *	were ssfully answered (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_PARTIAL_NUM: number of FTM sessions in which part of the
+ *	frames were successfully answered (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_FAILED_NUM: number of failed FTM sessions (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_ASAP_NUM: number of ASAP sessions (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_NON_ASAP_NUM: number of non-ASAP sessions (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_TOTAL_DURATION_MSEC: total sessions durations - gives an
+ *	indication of how much time the responder was busy (u64, msec)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_UNKNOWN_TRIGGERS_NUM: number of unknown FTM triggers -
+ *	triggers from initiators that didn't finish successfully the negotiation
+ *	phase with the responder (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_RESCHEDULE_REQUESTS_NUM: number of FTM reschedule requests
+ *	- initiator asks for a new scheduling although it already has scheduled
+ *	FTM slot (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_OUT_OF_WINDOW_TRIGGERS_NUM: number of FTM triggers out of
+ *	scheduled window (u32)
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_PAD: used for padding, ignore
+ * @__NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AFTER_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_FTM_STATS_MAX: highest possible FTM responder stats attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_ftm_responder_stats {
+	__NL80211_FTM_STATS_INVALID,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_SUCCESS_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_PARTIAL_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_FAILED_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_ASAP_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_NON_ASAP_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_TOTAL_DURATION_MSEC,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_UNKNOWN_TRIGGERS_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_RESCHEDULE_REQUESTS_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_OUT_OF_WINDOW_TRIGGERS_NUM,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_PAD,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_FTM_STATS_AFTER_LAST,
+	NL80211_FTM_STATS_MAX = __NL80211_FTM_STATS_AFTER_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_preamble - frame preamble types
+ * @NL80211_PREAMBLE_LEGACY: legacy (HR/DSSS, OFDM, ERP PHY) preamble
+ * @NL80211_PREAMBLE_HT: HT preamble
+ * @NL80211_PREAMBLE_VHT: VHT preamble
+ * @NL80211_PREAMBLE_DMG: DMG preamble
+ * @NL80211_PREAMBLE_HE: HE preamble
+ */
+enum nl80211_preamble {
+	NL80211_PREAMBLE_LEGACY,
+	NL80211_PREAMBLE_HT,
+	NL80211_PREAMBLE_VHT,
+	NL80211_PREAMBLE_DMG,
+	NL80211_PREAMBLE_HE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_type - peer measurement types
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_INVALID: invalid/unused, needed as we use
+ *	these numbers also for attributes
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_FTM: flight time measurement
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_TYPES: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_MAX: highest type number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_type {
+	NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_FTM,
+
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_TYPES,
+	NL80211_PMSR_TYPE_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_TYPES - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_status - peer measurement status
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_SUCCESS: measurement completed successfully
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_REFUSED: measurement was locally refused
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_TIMEOUT: measurement timed out
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_FAILURE: measurement failed, a type-dependent
+ *	reason may be available in the response data
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_status {
+	NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_SUCCESS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_REFUSED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_TIMEOUT,
+	NL80211_PMSR_STATUS_FAILURE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_req - peer measurement request attributes
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_DATA: This is a nested attribute with measurement
+ *	type-specific request data inside. The attributes used are from the
+ *	enums named nl80211_peer_measurement_<type>_req.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_GET_AP_TSF: include AP TSF timestamp, if supported
+ *	(flag attribute)
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTRS: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_req {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_DATA,
+	NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_GET_AP_TSF,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTRS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_REQ_ATTRS - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_resp - peer measurement response attributes
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_DATA: This is a nested attribute with measurement
+ *	type-specific results inside. The attributes used are from the enums
+ *	named nl80211_peer_measurement_<type>_resp.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_STATUS: u32 value with the measurement status
+ *	(using values from &enum nl80211_peer_measurement_status.)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_HOST_TIME: host time (%CLOCK_BOOTTIME) when the
+ *	result was measured; this value is not expected to be accurate to
+ *	more than 20ms. (u64, nanoseconds)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_AP_TSF: TSF of the AP that the interface
+ *	doing the measurement is connected to when the result was measured.
+ *	This shall be accurately reported if supported and requested
+ *	(u64, usec)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_FINAL: If results are sent to the host partially
+ *	(*e.g. with FTM per-burst data) this flag will be cleared on all but
+ *	the last result; if all results are combined it's set on the single
+ *	result.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_PAD: padding for 64-bit attributes, ignore
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTRS: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_resp {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_DATA,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_STATUS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_HOST_TIME,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_AP_TSF,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_FINAL,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_PAD,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTRS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_RESP_ATTRS - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_peer_attrs - peer attributes for measurement
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_ADDR: peer's MAC address
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_CHAN: channel definition, nested, using top-level
+ *	attributes like %NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ etc.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_REQ: This is a nested attribute indexed by
+ *	measurement type, with attributes from the
+ *	&enum nl80211_peer_measurement_req inside.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_RESP: This is a nested attribute indexed by
+ *	measurement type, with attributes from the
+ *	&enum nl80211_peer_measurement_resp inside.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTRS: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_peer_attrs {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_ADDR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_CHAN,
+	NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_REQ,
+	NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_RESP,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTRS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_PEER_ATTRS - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_attrs - peer measurement attributes
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_MAX_PEERS: u32 attribute used for capability
+ *	advertisement only, indicates the maximum number of peers
+ *	measurements can be done with in a single request
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_REPORT_AP_TSF: flag attribute in capability
+ *	indicating that the connected AP's TSF can be reported in
+ *	measurement results
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_RANDOMIZE_MAC_ADDR: flag attribute in capability
+ *	indicating that MAC address randomization is supported.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_TYPE_CAPA: capabilities reported by the device,
+ *	this contains a nesting indexed by measurement type, and
+ *	type-specific capabilities inside, which are from the enums
+ *	named nl80211_peer_measurement_<type>_capa.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_PEERS: nested attribute, the nesting index is
+ *	meaningless, just a list of peers to measure with, with the
+ *	sub-attributes taken from
+ *	&enum nl80211_peer_measurement_peer_attrs.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_attrs {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_MAX_PEERS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_REPORT_AP_TSF,
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_RANDOMIZE_MAC_ADDR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_TYPE_CAPA,
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_PEERS,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_ATTR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_capa - FTM capabilities
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_ASAP: flag attribute indicating ASAP mode
+ *	is supported
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_NON_ASAP: flag attribute indicating non-ASAP
+ *	mode is supported
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_REQ_LCI: flag attribute indicating if LCI
+ *	data can be requested during the measurement
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_REQ_CIVICLOC: flag attribute indicating if civic
+ *	location data can be requested during the measurement
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_PREAMBLES: u32 bitmap attribute of bits
+ *	from &enum nl80211_preamble.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_BANDWIDTHS: bitmap of values from
+ *	&enum nl80211_chan_width indicating the supported channel
+ *	bandwidths for FTM. Note that a higher channel bandwidth may be
+ *	configured to allow for other measurements types with different
+ *	bandwidth requirement in the same measurement.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX_BURSTS_EXPONENT: u32 attribute indicating
+ *	the maximum bursts exponent that can be used (if not present anything
+ *	is valid)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX_FTMS_PER_BURST: u32 attribute indicating
+ *	the maximum FTMs per burst (if not present anything is valid)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED: flag attribute indicating if
+ *	trigger based ranging measurement is supported
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED: flag attribute indicating
+ *	if non trigger based ranging measurement is supported
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_capa {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_ASAP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_NON_ASAP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_REQ_LCI,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_REQ_CIVICLOC,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_PREAMBLES,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_BANDWIDTHS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX_BURSTS_EXPONENT,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX_FTMS_PER_BURST,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_CAPA_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_req - FTM request attributes
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_ASAP: ASAP mode requested (flag)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_PREAMBLE: preamble type (see
+ *	&enum nl80211_preamble), optional for DMG (u32)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NUM_BURSTS_EXP: number of bursts exponent as in
+ *	802.11-2016 9.4.2.168 "Fine Timing Measurement Parameters element"
+ *	(u8, 0-15, optional with default 15 i.e. "no preference")
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BURST_PERIOD: interval between bursts in units
+ *	of 100ms (u16, optional with default 0)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BURST_DURATION: burst duration, as in 802.11-2016
+ *	Table 9-257 "Burst Duration field encoding" (u8, 0-15, optional with
+ *	default 15 i.e. "no preference")
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_FTMS_PER_BURST: number of successful FTM frames
+ *	requested per burst
+ *	(u8, 0-31, optional with default 0 i.e. "no preference")
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_RETRIES: number of FTMR frame retries
+ *	(u8, default 3)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_REQUEST_LCI: request LCI data (flag)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_REQUEST_CIVICLOC: request civic location data
+ *	(flag)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED: request trigger based ranging
+ *	measurement (flag).
+ *	This attribute and %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED are
+ *	mutually exclusive.
+ *      if neither %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED nor
+ *	%NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED is set, EDCA based
+ *	ranging will be used.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED: request non trigger based
+ *	ranging measurement (flag)
+ *	This attribute and %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED are
+ *	mutually exclusive.
+ *      if neither %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED nor
+ *	%NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED is set, EDCA based
+ *	ranging will be used.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_LMR_FEEDBACK: negotiate for LMR feedback. Only
+ *	valid if either %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED or
+ *	%NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED is set.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BSS_COLOR: optional. The BSS color of the
+ *	responder. Only valid if %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED
+ *	or %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED is set.
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_req {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_ASAP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_PREAMBLE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NUM_BURSTS_EXP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BURST_PERIOD,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BURST_DURATION,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_FTMS_PER_BURST,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_RETRIES,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_REQUEST_LCI,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_REQUEST_CIVICLOC,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_TRIGGER_BASED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_NON_TRIGGER_BASED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_LMR_FEEDBACK,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_BSS_COLOR,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_REQ_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_failure_reasons - FTM failure reasons
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_UNSPECIFIED: unspecified failure, not used
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_NO_RESPONSE: no response from the FTM responder
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_REJECTED: FTM responder rejected measurement
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_WRONG_CHANNEL: we already know the peer is
+ *	on a different channel, so can't measure (if we didn't know, we'd
+ *	try and get no response)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_PEER_NOT_CAPABLE: peer can't actually do FTM
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_INVALID_TIMESTAMP: invalid T1/T4 timestamps
+ *	received
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_PEER_BUSY: peer reports busy, you may retry
+ *	later (see %NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BUSY_RETRY_TIME)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_BAD_CHANGED_PARAMS: parameters were changed
+ *	by the peer and are no longer supported
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_failure_reasons {
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_UNSPECIFIED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_NO_RESPONSE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_REJECTED,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_WRONG_CHANNEL,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_PEER_NOT_CAPABLE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_INVALID_TIMESTAMP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_PEER_BUSY,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_FAILURE_BAD_CHANGED_PARAMS,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_resp - FTM response attributes
+ * @__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_INVALID: invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_FAIL_REASON: FTM-specific failure reason
+ *	(u32, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BURST_INDEX: optional, if bursts are reported
+ *	as separate results then it will be the burst index 0...(N-1) and
+ *	the top level will indicate partial results (u32)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_ATTEMPTS: number of FTM Request frames
+ *	transmitted (u32, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_SUCCESSES: number of FTM Request frames
+ *	that were acknowleged (u32, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BUSY_RETRY_TIME: retry time received from the
+ *	busy peer (u32, seconds)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_BURSTS_EXP: actual number of bursts exponent
+ *	used by the responder (similar to request, u8)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BURST_DURATION: actual burst duration used by
+ *	the responder (similar to request, u8)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_FTMS_PER_BURST: actual FTMs per burst used
+ *	by the responder (similar to request, u8)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RSSI_AVG: average RSSI across all FTM action
+ *	frames (optional, s32, 1/2 dBm)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RSSI_SPREAD: RSSI spread across all FTM action
+ *	frames (optional, s32, 1/2 dBm)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_TX_RATE: bitrate we used for the response to the
+ *	FTM action frame (optional, nested, using &enum nl80211_rate_info
+ *	attributes)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RX_RATE: bitrate the responder used for the FTM
+ *	action frame (optional, nested, using &enum nl80211_rate_info attrs)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_AVG: average RTT (s64, picoseconds, optional
+ *	but one of RTT/DIST must be present)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_VARIANCE: RTT variance (u64, ps^2, note that
+ *	standard deviation is the square root of variance, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_SPREAD: RTT spread (u64, picoseconds,
+ *	optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_AVG: average distance (s64, mm, optional
+ *	but one of RTT/DIST must be present)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_VARIANCE: distance variance (u64, mm^2, note
+ *	that standard deviation is the square root of variance, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_SPREAD: distance spread (u64, mm, optional)
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LCI: LCI data from peer (binary, optional);
+ *	this is the contents of the Measurement Report Element (802.11-2016
+ *	9.4.2.22.1) starting with the Measurement Token, with Measurement
+ *	Type 8.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_CIVICLOC: civic location data from peer
+ *	(binary, optional);
+ *	this is the contents of the Measurement Report Element (802.11-2016
+ *	9.4.2.22.1) starting with the Measurement Token, with Measurement
+ *	Type 11.
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_PAD: ignore, for u64/s64 padding only
+ *
+ * @NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR: internal
+ * @NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute number
+ */
+enum nl80211_peer_measurement_ftm_resp {
+	__NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_FAIL_REASON,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BURST_INDEX,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_ATTEMPTS,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_FTMR_SUCCESSES,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BUSY_RETRY_TIME,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_NUM_BURSTS_EXP,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_BURST_DURATION,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_FTMS_PER_BURST,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RSSI_AVG,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RSSI_SPREAD,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_TX_RATE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RX_RATE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_AVG,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_VARIANCE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_RTT_SPREAD,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_AVG,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_VARIANCE,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_DIST_SPREAD,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_LCI,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_CIVICLOC,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_PAD,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR,
+	NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR_MAX = NUM_NL80211_PMSR_FTM_RESP_ATTR - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_obss_pd_attributes - OBSS packet detection attributes
+ * @__NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MIN_OFFSET: the OBSS PD minimum tx power offset.
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MAX_OFFSET: the OBSS PD maximum tx power offset.
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_NON_SRG_MAX_OFFSET: the non-SRG OBSS PD maximum
+ *	tx power offset.
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_BSS_COLOR_BITMAP: bitmap that indicates the BSS color
+ *	values used by members of the SRG.
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_PARTIAL_BSSID_BITMAP: bitmap that indicates the partial
+ *	BSSID values used by members of the SRG.
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_SR_CTRL: The SR Control field of SRP element.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MAX: highest OBSS PD attribute.
+ */
+enum nl80211_obss_pd_attributes {
+	__NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MIN_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MAX_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_NON_SRG_MAX_OFFSET,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_BSS_COLOR_BITMAP,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_PARTIAL_BSSID_BITMAP,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_SR_CTRL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_HE_OBSS_PD_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_bss_color_attributes - BSS Color attributes
+ * @__NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_COLOR: the current BSS Color.
+ * @NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_DISABLED: is BSS coloring disabled.
+ * @NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_PARTIAL: the AID equation to be used..
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_MAX: highest BSS Color attribute.
+ */
+enum nl80211_bss_color_attributes {
+	__NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_COLOR,
+	NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_DISABLED,
+	NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_PARTIAL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_HE_BSS_COLOR_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_iftype_akm_attributes - interface type AKM attributes
+ * @__NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_IFTYPES: nested attribute containing a flag
+ *	attribute for each interface type that supports AKM suites specified in
+ *	%NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_SUITES
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_SUITES: an array of u32. Used to indicate supported
+ *	AKM suites for the specified interface types.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_MAX: highest interface type AKM attribute.
+ */
+enum nl80211_iftype_akm_attributes {
+	__NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_IFTYPES,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_SUITES,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_IFTYPE_AKM_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_fils_discovery_attributes - FILS discovery configuration
+ * from IEEE Std 802.11ai-2016, Annex C.3 MIB detail.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INT_MIN: Minimum packet interval (u32, TU).
+ *	Allowed range: 0..10000 (TU = Time Unit)
+ * @NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INT_MAX: Maximum packet interval (u32, TU).
+ *	Allowed range: 0..10000 (TU = Time Unit)
+ * @NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_TMPL: Template data for FILS discovery action
+ *	frame including the headers.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_fils_discovery_attributes {
+	__NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INT_MIN,
+	NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_INT_MAX,
+	NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_TMPL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_ATTR_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * FILS discovery template minimum length with action frame headers and
+ * mandatory fields.
+ */
+#define NL80211_FILS_DISCOVERY_TMPL_MIN_LEN 42
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_unsol_bcast_probe_resp_attributes - Unsolicited broadcast probe
+ *	response configuration. Applicable only in 6GHz.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_INT: Maximum packet interval (u32, TU).
+ *	Allowed range: 0..20 (TU = Time Unit). IEEE P802.11ax/D6.0
+ *	26.17.2.3.2 (AP behavior for fast passive scanning).
+ * @NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_TMPL: Unsolicited broadcast probe response
+ *	frame template (binary).
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_unsol_bcast_probe_resp_attributes {
+	__NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_INT,
+	NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_TMPL,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_MAX =
+		__NL80211_UNSOL_BCAST_PROBE_RESP_ATTR_LAST - 1
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sae_pwe_mechanism - The mechanism(s) allowed for SAE PWE
+ *	derivation. Applicable only when WPA3-Personal SAE authentication is
+ *	used.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAE_PWE_UNSPECIFIED: not specified, used internally to indicate that
+ *	attribute is not present from userspace.
+ * @NL80211_SAE_PWE_HUNT_AND_PECK: hunting-and-pecking loop only
+ * @NL80211_SAE_PWE_HASH_TO_ELEMENT: hash-to-element only
+ * @NL80211_SAE_PWE_BOTH: both hunting-and-pecking loop and hash-to-element
+ *	can be used.
+ */
+enum nl80211_sae_pwe_mechanism {
+	NL80211_SAE_PWE_UNSPECIFIED,
+	NL80211_SAE_PWE_HUNT_AND_PECK,
+	NL80211_SAE_PWE_HASH_TO_ELEMENT,
+	NL80211_SAE_PWE_BOTH,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sar_type - type of SAR specs
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_TYPE_POWER: power limitation specified in 0.25dBm unit
+ *
+ */
+enum nl80211_sar_type {
+	NL80211_SAR_TYPE_POWER,
+
+	/* add new type here */
+
+	/* Keep last */
+	NUM_NL80211_SAR_TYPE,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sar_attrs - Attributes for SAR spec
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_TYPE: the SAR type as defined in &enum nl80211_sar_type.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS: Nested array of SAR power
+ *	limit specifications. Each specification contains a set
+ *	of %nl80211_sar_specs_attrs.
+ *
+ *	For SET operation, it contains array of %NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_POWER
+ *	and %NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_RANGE_INDEX.
+ *
+ *	For sar_capa dump, it contains array of
+ *	%NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_START_FREQ
+ *	and %NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_END_FREQ.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_MAX: highest sar attribute
+ *
+ * These attributes are used with %NL80211_CMD_SET_SAR_SPEC
+ */
+enum nl80211_sar_attrs {
+	__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_TYPE,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS,
+
+	__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_SAR_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_sar_specs_attrs - Attributes for SAR power limit specs
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_POWER: Required (s32)value to specify the actual
+ *	power limit value in units of 0.25 dBm if type is
+ *	NL80211_SAR_TYPE_POWER. (i.e., a value of 44 represents 11 dBm).
+ *	0 means userspace doesn't have SAR limitation on this associated range.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_RANGE_INDEX: Required (u32) value to specify the
+ *	index of exported freq range table and the associated power limitation
+ *	is applied to this range.
+ *
+ *	Userspace isn't required to set all the ranges advertised by WLAN driver,
+ *	and userspace can skip some certain ranges. These skipped ranges don't
+ *	have SAR limitations, and they are same as setting the
+ *	%NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_POWER to any unreasonable high value because any
+ *	value higher than regulatory allowed value just means SAR power
+ *	limitation is removed, but it's required to set at least one range.
+ *	It's not allowed to set duplicated range in one SET operation.
+ *
+ *	Every SET operation overwrites previous SET operation.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_START_FREQ: Required (u32) value to specify the start
+ *	frequency of this range edge when registering SAR capability to wiphy.
+ *	It's not a channel center frequency. The unit is kHz.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_END_FREQ: Required (u32) value to specify the end
+ *	frequency of this range edge when registering SAR capability to wiphy.
+ *	It's not a channel center frequency. The unit is kHz.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_MAX: highest sar specs attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_sar_specs_attrs {
+	__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_POWER,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_RANGE_INDEX,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_START_FREQ,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_END_FREQ,
+
+	__NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_LAST,
+	NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_MAX = __NL80211_SAR_ATTR_SPECS_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_mbssid_config_attributes - multiple BSSID (MBSSID) and enhanced
+ * multi-BSSID advertisements (EMA) in AP mode.
+ * Kernel uses some of these attributes to advertise driver's support for
+ * MBSSID and EMA.
+ * Remaining attributes should be used by the userspace to configure the
+ * features.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_INVALID: Invalid
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX_INTERFACES: Used by the kernel to advertise
+ *	the maximum number of MBSSID interfaces supported by the driver.
+ *	Driver should indicate MBSSID support by setting
+ *	wiphy->mbssid_max_interfaces to a value more than or equal to 2.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX_EMA_PROFILE_PERIODICITY: Used by the kernel
+ *	to advertise the maximum profile periodicity supported by the driver
+ *	if EMA is enabled. Driver should indicate EMA support to the userspace
+ *	by setting wiphy->ema_max_profile_periodicity to
+ *	a non-zero value.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_INDEX: Mandatory parameter to pass the index of
+ *	this BSS (u8) in the multiple BSSID set.
+ *	Value must be set to 0 for the transmitting interface and non-zero for
+ *	all non-transmitting interfaces. The userspace will be responsible
+ *	for using unique indices for the interfaces.
+ *	Range: 0 to wiphy->mbssid_max_interfaces-1.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_IFINDEX: Mandatory parameter for
+ *	a non-transmitted profile which provides the interface index (u32) of
+ *	the transmitted profile. The value must match one of the interface
+ *	indices advertised by the kernel. Optional if the interface being set up
+ *	is the transmitting one, however, if provided then the value must match
+ *	the interface index of the same.
+ *
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_EMA: Flag used to enable EMA AP feature.
+ *	Setting this flag is permitted only if the driver advertises EMA support
+ *	by setting wiphy->ema_max_profile_periodicity to non-zero.
+ *
+ * @__NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_LAST: Internal
+ * @NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX: highest attribute
+ */
+enum nl80211_mbssid_config_attributes {
+	__NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_INVALID,
+
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX_INTERFACES,
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX_EMA_PROFILE_PERIODICITY,
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_INDEX,
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_TX_IFINDEX,
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_EMA,
+
+	/* keep last */
+	__NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_LAST,
+	NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_MAX = __NL80211_MBSSID_CONFIG_ATTR_LAST - 1,
+};
+
+/**
+ * enum nl80211_ap_settings_flags - AP settings flags
+ *
+ * @NL80211_AP_SETTINGS_EXTERNAL_AUTH_SUPPORT: AP supports external
+ *	authentication.
+ * @NL80211_AP_SETTINGS_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT: Userspace supports SA Query
+ *	procedures offload to driver. If driver advertises
+ *	%NL80211_AP_SME_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD in AP SME features, userspace shall
+ *	ignore SA Query procedures and validations when this flag is set by
+ *	userspace.
+ */
+enum nl80211_ap_settings_flags {
+	NL80211_AP_SETTINGS_EXTERNAL_AUTH_SUPPORT	= 1 << 0,
+	NL80211_AP_SETTINGS_SA_QUERY_OFFLOAD_SUPPORT	= 1 << 1,
+};
+
+#endif /* __LINUX_NL80211_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/pkt_sched.h b/src/basic/linux/pkt_sched.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..000eec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/pkt_sched.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef __LINUX_PKT_SCHED_H
+#define __LINUX_PKT_SCHED_H
+
+#include <linux/const.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/* Logical priority bands not depending on specific packet scheduler.
+   Every scheduler will map them to real traffic classes, if it has
+   no more precise mechanism to classify packets.
+
+   These numbers have no special meaning, though their coincidence
+   with obsolete IPv6 values is not occasional :-). New IPv6 drafts
+   preferred full anarchy inspired by diffserv group.
+
+   Note: TC_PRIO_BESTEFFORT does not mean that it is the most unhappy
+   class, actually, as rule it will be handled with more care than
+   filler or even bulk.
+ */
+
+#define TC_PRIO_BESTEFFORT		0
+#define TC_PRIO_FILLER			1
+#define TC_PRIO_BULK			2
+#define TC_PRIO_INTERACTIVE_BULK	4
+#define TC_PRIO_INTERACTIVE		6
+#define TC_PRIO_CONTROL			7
+
+#define TC_PRIO_MAX			15
+
+/* Generic queue statistics, available for all the elements.
+   Particular schedulers may have also their private records.
+ */
+
+struct tc_stats {
+	__u64	bytes;			/* Number of enqueued bytes */
+	__u32	packets;		/* Number of enqueued packets	*/
+	__u32	drops;			/* Packets dropped because of lack of resources */
+	__u32	overlimits;		/* Number of throttle events when this
+					 * flow goes out of allocated bandwidth */
+	__u32	bps;			/* Current flow byte rate */
+	__u32	pps;			/* Current flow packet rate */
+	__u32	qlen;
+	__u32	backlog;
+};
+
+struct tc_estimator {
+	signed char	interval;
+	unsigned char	ewma_log;
+};
+
+/* "Handles"
+   ---------
+
+    All the traffic control objects have 32bit identifiers, or "handles".
+
+    They can be considered as opaque numbers from user API viewpoint,
+    but actually they always consist of two fields: major and
+    minor numbers, which are interpreted by kernel specially,
+    that may be used by applications, though not recommended.
+
+    F.e. qdisc handles always have minor number equal to zero,
+    classes (or flows) have major equal to parent qdisc major, and
+    minor uniquely identifying class inside qdisc.
+
+    Macros to manipulate handles:
+ */
+
+#define TC_H_MAJ_MASK (0xFFFF0000U)
+#define TC_H_MIN_MASK (0x0000FFFFU)
+#define TC_H_MAJ(h) ((h)&TC_H_MAJ_MASK)
+#define TC_H_MIN(h) ((h)&TC_H_MIN_MASK)
+#define TC_H_MAKE(maj,min) (((maj)&TC_H_MAJ_MASK)|((min)&TC_H_MIN_MASK))
+
+#define TC_H_UNSPEC	(0U)
+#define TC_H_ROOT	(0xFFFFFFFFU)
+#define TC_H_INGRESS    (0xFFFFFFF1U)
+#define TC_H_CLSACT	TC_H_INGRESS
+
+#define TC_H_MIN_PRIORITY	0xFFE0U
+#define TC_H_MIN_INGRESS	0xFFF2U
+#define TC_H_MIN_EGRESS		0xFFF3U
+
+/* Need to corrospond to iproute2 tc/tc_core.h "enum link_layer" */
+enum tc_link_layer {
+	TC_LINKLAYER_UNAWARE, /* Indicate unaware old iproute2 util */
+	TC_LINKLAYER_ETHERNET,
+	TC_LINKLAYER_ATM,
+};
+#define TC_LINKLAYER_MASK 0x0F /* limit use to lower 4 bits */
+
+struct tc_ratespec {
+	unsigned char	cell_log;
+	__u8		linklayer; /* lower 4 bits */
+	unsigned short	overhead;
+	short		cell_align;
+	unsigned short	mpu;
+	__u32		rate;
+};
+
+#define TC_RTAB_SIZE	1024
+
+struct tc_sizespec {
+	unsigned char	cell_log;
+	unsigned char	size_log;
+	short		cell_align;
+	int		overhead;
+	unsigned int	linklayer;
+	unsigned int	mpu;
+	unsigned int	mtu;
+	unsigned int	tsize;
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_STAB_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_STAB_BASE,
+	TCA_STAB_DATA,
+	__TCA_STAB_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_STAB_MAX (__TCA_STAB_MAX - 1)
+
+/* FIFO section */
+
+struct tc_fifo_qopt {
+	__u32	limit;	/* Queue length: bytes for bfifo, packets for pfifo */
+};
+
+/* SKBPRIO section */
+
+/*
+ * Priorities go from zero to (SKBPRIO_MAX_PRIORITY - 1).
+ * SKBPRIO_MAX_PRIORITY should be at least 64 in order for skbprio to be able
+ * to map one to one the DS field of IPV4 and IPV6 headers.
+ * Memory allocation grows linearly with SKBPRIO_MAX_PRIORITY.
+ */
+
+#define SKBPRIO_MAX_PRIORITY 64
+
+struct tc_skbprio_qopt {
+	__u32	limit;		/* Queue length in packets. */
+};
+
+/* PRIO section */
+
+#define TCQ_PRIO_BANDS	16
+#define TCQ_MIN_PRIO_BANDS 2
+
+struct tc_prio_qopt {
+	int	bands;			/* Number of bands */
+	__u8	priomap[TC_PRIO_MAX+1];	/* Map: logical priority -> PRIO band */
+};
+
+/* MULTIQ section */
+
+struct tc_multiq_qopt {
+	__u16	bands;			/* Number of bands */
+	__u16	max_bands;		/* Maximum number of queues */
+};
+
+/* PLUG section */
+
+#define TCQ_PLUG_BUFFER                0
+#define TCQ_PLUG_RELEASE_ONE           1
+#define TCQ_PLUG_RELEASE_INDEFINITE    2
+#define TCQ_PLUG_LIMIT                 3
+
+struct tc_plug_qopt {
+	/* TCQ_PLUG_BUFFER: Inset a plug into the queue and
+	 *  buffer any incoming packets
+	 * TCQ_PLUG_RELEASE_ONE: Dequeue packets from queue head
+	 *   to beginning of the next plug.
+	 * TCQ_PLUG_RELEASE_INDEFINITE: Dequeue all packets from queue.
+	 *   Stop buffering packets until the next TCQ_PLUG_BUFFER
+	 *   command is received (just act as a pass-thru queue).
+	 * TCQ_PLUG_LIMIT: Increase/decrease queue size
+	 */
+	int             action;
+	__u32           limit;
+};
+
+/* TBF section */
+
+struct tc_tbf_qopt {
+	struct tc_ratespec rate;
+	struct tc_ratespec peakrate;
+	__u32		limit;
+	__u32		buffer;
+	__u32		mtu;
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_TBF_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_TBF_PARMS,
+	TCA_TBF_RTAB,
+	TCA_TBF_PTAB,
+	TCA_TBF_RATE64,
+	TCA_TBF_PRATE64,
+	TCA_TBF_BURST,
+	TCA_TBF_PBURST,
+	TCA_TBF_PAD,
+	__TCA_TBF_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_TBF_MAX (__TCA_TBF_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* TEQL section */
+
+/* TEQL does not require any parameters */
+
+/* SFQ section */
+
+struct tc_sfq_qopt {
+	unsigned	quantum;	/* Bytes per round allocated to flow */
+	int		perturb_period;	/* Period of hash perturbation */
+	__u32		limit;		/* Maximal packets in queue */
+	unsigned	divisor;	/* Hash divisor  */
+	unsigned	flows;		/* Maximal number of flows  */
+};
+
+struct tc_sfqred_stats {
+	__u32           prob_drop;      /* Early drops, below max threshold */
+	__u32           forced_drop;	/* Early drops, after max threshold */
+	__u32           prob_mark;      /* Marked packets, below max threshold */
+	__u32           forced_mark;    /* Marked packets, after max threshold */
+	__u32           prob_mark_head; /* Marked packets, below max threshold */
+	__u32           forced_mark_head;/* Marked packets, after max threshold */
+};
+
+struct tc_sfq_qopt_v1 {
+	struct tc_sfq_qopt v0;
+	unsigned int	depth;		/* max number of packets per flow */
+	unsigned int	headdrop;
+/* SFQRED parameters */
+	__u32		limit;		/* HARD maximal flow queue length (bytes) */
+	__u32		qth_min;	/* Min average length threshold (bytes) */
+	__u32		qth_max;	/* Max average length threshold (bytes) */
+	unsigned char   Wlog;		/* log(W)		*/
+	unsigned char   Plog;		/* log(P_max/(qth_max-qth_min))	*/
+	unsigned char   Scell_log;	/* cell size for idle damping */
+	unsigned char	flags;
+	__u32		max_P;		/* probability, high resolution */
+/* SFQRED stats */
+	struct tc_sfqred_stats stats;
+};
+
+
+struct tc_sfq_xstats {
+	__s32		allot;
+};
+
+/* RED section */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_RED_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_RED_PARMS,
+	TCA_RED_STAB,
+	TCA_RED_MAX_P,
+	TCA_RED_FLAGS,		/* bitfield32 */
+	TCA_RED_EARLY_DROP_BLOCK, /* u32 */
+	TCA_RED_MARK_BLOCK,	/* u32 */
+	__TCA_RED_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_RED_MAX (__TCA_RED_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_red_qopt {
+	__u32		limit;		/* HARD maximal queue length (bytes)	*/
+	__u32		qth_min;	/* Min average length threshold (bytes) */
+	__u32		qth_max;	/* Max average length threshold (bytes) */
+	unsigned char   Wlog;		/* log(W)		*/
+	unsigned char   Plog;		/* log(P_max/(qth_max-qth_min))	*/
+	unsigned char   Scell_log;	/* cell size for idle damping */
+
+	/* This field can be used for flags that a RED-like qdisc has
+	 * historically supported. E.g. when configuring RED, it can be used for
+	 * ECN, HARDDROP and ADAPTATIVE. For SFQ it can be used for ECN,
+	 * HARDDROP. Etc. Because this field has not been validated, and is
+	 * copied back on dump, any bits besides those to which a given qdisc
+	 * has assigned a historical meaning need to be considered for free use
+	 * by userspace tools.
+	 *
+	 * Any further flags need to be passed differently, e.g. through an
+	 * attribute (such as TCA_RED_FLAGS above). Such attribute should allow
+	 * passing both recent and historic flags in one value.
+	 */
+	unsigned char	flags;
+#define TC_RED_ECN		1
+#define TC_RED_HARDDROP		2
+#define TC_RED_ADAPTATIVE	4
+#define TC_RED_NODROP		8
+};
+
+#define TC_RED_HISTORIC_FLAGS (TC_RED_ECN | TC_RED_HARDDROP | TC_RED_ADAPTATIVE)
+
+struct tc_red_xstats {
+	__u32           early;          /* Early drops */
+	__u32           pdrop;          /* Drops due to queue limits */
+	__u32           other;          /* Drops due to drop() calls */
+	__u32           marked;         /* Marked packets */
+};
+
+/* GRED section */
+
+#define MAX_DPs 16
+
+enum {
+       TCA_GRED_UNSPEC,
+       TCA_GRED_PARMS,
+       TCA_GRED_STAB,
+       TCA_GRED_DPS,
+       TCA_GRED_MAX_P,
+       TCA_GRED_LIMIT,
+       TCA_GRED_VQ_LIST,	/* nested TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY */
+       __TCA_GRED_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_GRED_MAX (__TCA_GRED_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY,	/* nested TCA_GRED_VQ_* */
+	__TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY_MAX (__TCA_GRED_VQ_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_PAD,
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_DP,			/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_BYTES,		/* u64 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_PACKETS,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_BACKLOG,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_PROB_DROP,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_PROB_MARK,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_FORCED_DROP,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_FORCED_MARK,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_PDROP,		/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_STAT_OTHER,		/* u32 */
+	TCA_GRED_VQ_FLAGS,		/* u32 */
+	__TCA_GRED_VQ_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_GRED_VQ_MAX (__TCA_GRED_VQ_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_gred_qopt {
+	__u32		limit;        /* HARD maximal queue length (bytes)    */
+	__u32		qth_min;      /* Min average length threshold (bytes) */
+	__u32		qth_max;      /* Max average length threshold (bytes) */
+	__u32		DP;           /* up to 2^32 DPs */
+	__u32		backlog;
+	__u32		qave;
+	__u32		forced;
+	__u32		early;
+	__u32		other;
+	__u32		pdrop;
+	__u8		Wlog;         /* log(W)               */
+	__u8		Plog;         /* log(P_max/(qth_max-qth_min)) */
+	__u8		Scell_log;    /* cell size for idle damping */
+	__u8		prio;         /* prio of this VQ */
+	__u32		packets;
+	__u32		bytesin;
+};
+
+/* gred setup */
+struct tc_gred_sopt {
+	__u32		DPs;
+	__u32		def_DP;
+	__u8		grio;
+	__u8		flags;
+	__u16		pad1;
+};
+
+/* CHOKe section */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_CHOKE_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_CHOKE_PARMS,
+	TCA_CHOKE_STAB,
+	TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P,
+	__TCA_CHOKE_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_CHOKE_MAX (__TCA_CHOKE_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_choke_qopt {
+	__u32		limit;		/* Hard queue length (packets)	*/
+	__u32		qth_min;	/* Min average threshold (packets) */
+	__u32		qth_max;	/* Max average threshold (packets) */
+	unsigned char   Wlog;		/* log(W)		*/
+	unsigned char   Plog;		/* log(P_max/(qth_max-qth_min))	*/
+	unsigned char   Scell_log;	/* cell size for idle damping */
+	unsigned char	flags;		/* see RED flags */
+};
+
+struct tc_choke_xstats {
+	__u32		early;          /* Early drops */
+	__u32		pdrop;          /* Drops due to queue limits */
+	__u32		other;          /* Drops due to drop() calls */
+	__u32		marked;         /* Marked packets */
+	__u32		matched;	/* Drops due to flow match */
+};
+
+/* HTB section */
+#define TC_HTB_NUMPRIO		8
+#define TC_HTB_MAXDEPTH		8
+#define TC_HTB_PROTOVER		3 /* the same as HTB and TC's major */
+
+struct tc_htb_opt {
+	struct tc_ratespec 	rate;
+	struct tc_ratespec 	ceil;
+	__u32	buffer;
+	__u32	cbuffer;
+	__u32	quantum;
+	__u32	level;		/* out only */
+	__u32	prio;
+};
+struct tc_htb_glob {
+	__u32 version;		/* to match HTB/TC */
+    	__u32 rate2quantum;	/* bps->quantum divisor */
+    	__u32 defcls;		/* default class number */
+	__u32 debug;		/* debug flags */
+
+	/* stats */
+	__u32 direct_pkts; /* count of non shaped packets */
+};
+enum {
+	TCA_HTB_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_HTB_PARMS,
+	TCA_HTB_INIT,
+	TCA_HTB_CTAB,
+	TCA_HTB_RTAB,
+	TCA_HTB_DIRECT_QLEN,
+	TCA_HTB_RATE64,
+	TCA_HTB_CEIL64,
+	TCA_HTB_PAD,
+	TCA_HTB_OFFLOAD,
+	__TCA_HTB_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_HTB_MAX (__TCA_HTB_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_htb_xstats {
+	__u32 lends;
+	__u32 borrows;
+	__u32 giants;	/* unused since 'Make HTB scheduler work with TSO.' */
+	__s32 tokens;
+	__s32 ctokens;
+};
+
+/* HFSC section */
+
+struct tc_hfsc_qopt {
+	__u16	defcls;		/* default class */
+};
+
+struct tc_service_curve {
+	__u32	m1;		/* slope of the first segment in bps */
+	__u32	d;		/* x-projection of the first segment in us */
+	__u32	m2;		/* slope of the second segment in bps */
+};
+
+struct tc_hfsc_stats {
+	__u64	work;		/* total work done */
+	__u64	rtwork;		/* work done by real-time criteria */
+	__u32	period;		/* current period */
+	__u32	level;		/* class level in hierarchy */
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_HFSC_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_HFSC_RSC,
+	TCA_HFSC_FSC,
+	TCA_HFSC_USC,
+	__TCA_HFSC_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_HFSC_MAX (__TCA_HFSC_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* CBQ section */
+
+#define TC_CBQ_MAXPRIO		8
+#define TC_CBQ_MAXLEVEL		8
+#define TC_CBQ_DEF_EWMA		5
+
+struct tc_cbq_lssopt {
+	unsigned char	change;
+	unsigned char	flags;
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_BOUNDED	1
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_ISOLATED	2
+	unsigned char  	ewma_log;
+	unsigned char  	level;
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_FLAGS	1
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_EWMA	2
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_MAXIDLE	4
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_MINIDLE	8
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_OFFTIME	0x10
+#define TCF_CBQ_LSS_AVPKT	0x20
+	__u32		maxidle;
+	__u32		minidle;
+	__u32		offtime;
+	__u32		avpkt;
+};
+
+struct tc_cbq_wrropt {
+	unsigned char	flags;
+	unsigned char	priority;
+	unsigned char	cpriority;
+	unsigned char	__reserved;
+	__u32		allot;
+	__u32		weight;
+};
+
+struct tc_cbq_ovl {
+	unsigned char	strategy;
+#define	TC_CBQ_OVL_CLASSIC	0
+#define	TC_CBQ_OVL_DELAY	1
+#define	TC_CBQ_OVL_LOWPRIO	2
+#define	TC_CBQ_OVL_DROP		3
+#define	TC_CBQ_OVL_RCLASSIC	4
+	unsigned char	priority2;
+	__u16		pad;
+	__u32		penalty;
+};
+
+struct tc_cbq_police {
+	unsigned char	police;
+	unsigned char	__res1;
+	unsigned short	__res2;
+};
+
+struct tc_cbq_fopt {
+	__u32		split;
+	__u32		defmap;
+	__u32		defchange;
+};
+
+struct tc_cbq_xstats {
+	__u32		borrows;
+	__u32		overactions;
+	__s32		avgidle;
+	__s32		undertime;
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_CBQ_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_CBQ_LSSOPT,
+	TCA_CBQ_WRROPT,
+	TCA_CBQ_FOPT,
+	TCA_CBQ_OVL_STRATEGY,
+	TCA_CBQ_RATE,
+	TCA_CBQ_RTAB,
+	TCA_CBQ_POLICE,
+	__TCA_CBQ_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_CBQ_MAX	(__TCA_CBQ_MAX - 1)
+
+/* dsmark section */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_DSMARK_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_DSMARK_INDICES,
+	TCA_DSMARK_DEFAULT_INDEX,
+	TCA_DSMARK_SET_TC_INDEX,
+	TCA_DSMARK_MASK,
+	TCA_DSMARK_VALUE,
+	__TCA_DSMARK_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_DSMARK_MAX (__TCA_DSMARK_MAX - 1)
+
+/* ATM  section */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_ATM_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_ATM_FD,		/* file/socket descriptor */
+	TCA_ATM_PTR,		/* pointer to descriptor - later */
+	TCA_ATM_HDR,		/* LL header */
+	TCA_ATM_EXCESS,		/* excess traffic class (0 for CLP)  */
+	TCA_ATM_ADDR,		/* PVC address (for output only) */
+	TCA_ATM_STATE,		/* VC state (ATM_VS_*; for output only) */
+	__TCA_ATM_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_ATM_MAX	(__TCA_ATM_MAX - 1)
+
+/* Network emulator */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_NETEM_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_NETEM_CORR,
+	TCA_NETEM_DELAY_DIST,
+	TCA_NETEM_REORDER,
+	TCA_NETEM_CORRUPT,
+	TCA_NETEM_LOSS,
+	TCA_NETEM_RATE,
+	TCA_NETEM_ECN,
+	TCA_NETEM_RATE64,
+	TCA_NETEM_PAD,
+	TCA_NETEM_LATENCY64,
+	TCA_NETEM_JITTER64,
+	TCA_NETEM_SLOT,
+	TCA_NETEM_SLOT_DIST,
+	__TCA_NETEM_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_NETEM_MAX (__TCA_NETEM_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_netem_qopt {
+	__u32	latency;	/* added delay (us) */
+	__u32   limit;		/* fifo limit (packets) */
+	__u32	loss;		/* random packet loss (0=none ~0=100%) */
+	__u32	gap;		/* re-ordering gap (0 for none) */
+	__u32   duplicate;	/* random packet dup  (0=none ~0=100%) */
+	__u32	jitter;		/* random jitter in latency (us) */
+};
+
+struct tc_netem_corr {
+	__u32	delay_corr;	/* delay correlation */
+	__u32	loss_corr;	/* packet loss correlation */
+	__u32	dup_corr;	/* duplicate correlation  */
+};
+
+struct tc_netem_reorder {
+	__u32	probability;
+	__u32	correlation;
+};
+
+struct tc_netem_corrupt {
+	__u32	probability;
+	__u32	correlation;
+};
+
+struct tc_netem_rate {
+	__u32	rate;	/* byte/s */
+	__s32	packet_overhead;
+	__u32	cell_size;
+	__s32	cell_overhead;
+};
+
+struct tc_netem_slot {
+	__s64   min_delay; /* nsec */
+	__s64   max_delay;
+	__s32   max_packets;
+	__s32   max_bytes;
+	__s64	dist_delay; /* nsec */
+	__s64	dist_jitter; /* nsec */
+};
+
+enum {
+	NETEM_LOSS_UNSPEC,
+	NETEM_LOSS_GI,		/* General Intuitive - 4 state model */
+	NETEM_LOSS_GE,		/* Gilbert Elliot models */
+	__NETEM_LOSS_MAX
+};
+#define NETEM_LOSS_MAX (__NETEM_LOSS_MAX - 1)
+
+/* State transition probabilities for 4 state model */
+struct tc_netem_gimodel {
+	__u32	p13;
+	__u32	p31;
+	__u32	p32;
+	__u32	p14;
+	__u32	p23;
+};
+
+/* Gilbert-Elliot models */
+struct tc_netem_gemodel {
+	__u32 p;
+	__u32 r;
+	__u32 h;
+	__u32 k1;
+};
+
+#define NETEM_DIST_SCALE	8192
+#define NETEM_DIST_MAX		16384
+
+/* DRR */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_DRR_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_DRR_QUANTUM,
+	__TCA_DRR_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_DRR_MAX	(__TCA_DRR_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_drr_stats {
+	__u32	deficit;
+};
+
+/* MQPRIO */
+#define TC_QOPT_BITMASK 15
+#define TC_QOPT_MAX_QUEUE 16
+
+enum {
+	TC_MQPRIO_HW_OFFLOAD_NONE,	/* no offload requested */
+	TC_MQPRIO_HW_OFFLOAD_TCS,	/* offload TCs, no queue counts */
+	__TC_MQPRIO_HW_OFFLOAD_MAX
+};
+
+#define TC_MQPRIO_HW_OFFLOAD_MAX (__TC_MQPRIO_HW_OFFLOAD_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	TC_MQPRIO_MODE_DCB,
+	TC_MQPRIO_MODE_CHANNEL,
+	__TC_MQPRIO_MODE_MAX
+};
+
+#define __TC_MQPRIO_MODE_MAX (__TC_MQPRIO_MODE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	TC_MQPRIO_SHAPER_DCB,
+	TC_MQPRIO_SHAPER_BW_RATE,	/* Add new shapers below */
+	__TC_MQPRIO_SHAPER_MAX
+};
+
+#define __TC_MQPRIO_SHAPER_MAX (__TC_MQPRIO_SHAPER_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_mqprio_qopt {
+	__u8	num_tc;
+	__u8	prio_tc_map[TC_QOPT_BITMASK + 1];
+	__u8	hw;
+	__u16	count[TC_QOPT_MAX_QUEUE];
+	__u16	offset[TC_QOPT_MAX_QUEUE];
+};
+
+#define TC_MQPRIO_F_MODE		0x1
+#define TC_MQPRIO_F_SHAPER		0x2
+#define TC_MQPRIO_F_MIN_RATE		0x4
+#define TC_MQPRIO_F_MAX_RATE		0x8
+
+enum {
+	TCA_MQPRIO_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_MQPRIO_MODE,
+	TCA_MQPRIO_SHAPER,
+	TCA_MQPRIO_MIN_RATE64,
+	TCA_MQPRIO_MAX_RATE64,
+	__TCA_MQPRIO_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_MQPRIO_MAX (__TCA_MQPRIO_MAX - 1)
+
+/* SFB */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_SFB_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_SFB_PARMS,
+	__TCA_SFB_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_SFB_MAX (__TCA_SFB_MAX - 1)
+
+/*
+ * Note: increment, decrement are Q0.16 fixed-point values.
+ */
+struct tc_sfb_qopt {
+	__u32 rehash_interval;	/* delay between hash move, in ms */
+	__u32 warmup_time;	/* double buffering warmup time in ms (warmup_time < rehash_interval) */
+	__u32 max;		/* max len of qlen_min */
+	__u32 bin_size;		/* maximum queue length per bin */
+	__u32 increment;	/* probability increment, (d1 in Blue) */
+	__u32 decrement;	/* probability decrement, (d2 in Blue) */
+	__u32 limit;		/* max SFB queue length */
+	__u32 penalty_rate;	/* inelastic flows are rate limited to 'rate' pps */
+	__u32 penalty_burst;
+};
+
+struct tc_sfb_xstats {
+	__u32 earlydrop;
+	__u32 penaltydrop;
+	__u32 bucketdrop;
+	__u32 queuedrop;
+	__u32 childdrop; /* drops in child qdisc */
+	__u32 marked;
+	__u32 maxqlen;
+	__u32 maxprob;
+	__u32 avgprob;
+};
+
+#define SFB_MAX_PROB 0xFFFF
+
+/* QFQ */
+enum {
+	TCA_QFQ_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_QFQ_WEIGHT,
+	TCA_QFQ_LMAX,
+	__TCA_QFQ_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_QFQ_MAX	(__TCA_QFQ_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_qfq_stats {
+	__u32 weight;
+	__u32 lmax;
+};
+
+/* CODEL */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_CODEL_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_CODEL_TARGET,
+	TCA_CODEL_LIMIT,
+	TCA_CODEL_INTERVAL,
+	TCA_CODEL_ECN,
+	TCA_CODEL_CE_THRESHOLD,
+	__TCA_CODEL_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_CODEL_MAX	(__TCA_CODEL_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_codel_xstats {
+	__u32	maxpacket; /* largest packet we've seen so far */
+	__u32	count;	   /* how many drops we've done since the last time we
+			    * entered dropping state
+			    */
+	__u32	lastcount; /* count at entry to dropping state */
+	__u32	ldelay;    /* in-queue delay seen by most recently dequeued packet */
+	__s32	drop_next; /* time to drop next packet */
+	__u32	drop_overlimit; /* number of time max qdisc packet limit was hit */
+	__u32	ecn_mark;  /* number of packets we ECN marked instead of dropped */
+	__u32	dropping;  /* are we in dropping state ? */
+	__u32	ce_mark;   /* number of CE marked packets because of ce_threshold */
+};
+
+/* FQ_CODEL */
+
+#define FQ_CODEL_QUANTUM_MAX (1 << 20)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_TARGET,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_LIMIT,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_INTERVAL,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_ECN,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_FLOWS,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_QUANTUM,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_CE_THRESHOLD,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_DROP_BATCH_SIZE,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_MEMORY_LIMIT,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_CE_THRESHOLD_SELECTOR,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_CE_THRESHOLD_MASK,
+	__TCA_FQ_CODEL_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_FQ_CODEL_MAX	(__TCA_FQ_CODEL_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_XSTATS_QDISC,
+	TCA_FQ_CODEL_XSTATS_CLASS,
+};
+
+struct tc_fq_codel_qd_stats {
+	__u32	maxpacket;	/* largest packet we've seen so far */
+	__u32	drop_overlimit; /* number of time max qdisc
+				 * packet limit was hit
+				 */
+	__u32	ecn_mark;	/* number of packets we ECN marked
+				 * instead of being dropped
+				 */
+	__u32	new_flow_count; /* number of time packets
+				 * created a 'new flow'
+				 */
+	__u32	new_flows_len;	/* count of flows in new list */
+	__u32	old_flows_len;	/* count of flows in old list */
+	__u32	ce_mark;	/* packets above ce_threshold */
+	__u32	memory_usage;	/* in bytes */
+	__u32	drop_overmemory;
+};
+
+struct tc_fq_codel_cl_stats {
+	__s32	deficit;
+	__u32	ldelay;		/* in-queue delay seen by most recently
+				 * dequeued packet
+				 */
+	__u32	count;
+	__u32	lastcount;
+	__u32	dropping;
+	__s32	drop_next;
+};
+
+struct tc_fq_codel_xstats {
+	__u32	type;
+	union {
+		struct tc_fq_codel_qd_stats qdisc_stats;
+		struct tc_fq_codel_cl_stats class_stats;
+	};
+};
+
+/* FQ */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_FQ_UNSPEC,
+
+	TCA_FQ_PLIMIT,		/* limit of total number of packets in queue */
+
+	TCA_FQ_FLOW_PLIMIT,	/* limit of packets per flow */
+
+	TCA_FQ_QUANTUM,		/* RR quantum */
+
+	TCA_FQ_INITIAL_QUANTUM,		/* RR quantum for new flow */
+
+	TCA_FQ_RATE_ENABLE,	/* enable/disable rate limiting */
+
+	TCA_FQ_FLOW_DEFAULT_RATE,/* obsolete, do not use */
+
+	TCA_FQ_FLOW_MAX_RATE,	/* per flow max rate */
+
+	TCA_FQ_BUCKETS_LOG,	/* log2(number of buckets) */
+
+	TCA_FQ_FLOW_REFILL_DELAY,	/* flow credit refill delay in usec */
+
+	TCA_FQ_ORPHAN_MASK,	/* mask applied to orphaned skb hashes */
+
+	TCA_FQ_LOW_RATE_THRESHOLD, /* per packet delay under this rate */
+
+	TCA_FQ_CE_THRESHOLD,	/* DCTCP-like CE-marking threshold */
+
+	TCA_FQ_TIMER_SLACK,	/* timer slack */
+
+	TCA_FQ_HORIZON,		/* time horizon in us */
+
+	TCA_FQ_HORIZON_DROP,	/* drop packets beyond horizon, or cap their EDT */
+
+	__TCA_FQ_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_FQ_MAX	(__TCA_FQ_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_fq_qd_stats {
+	__u64	gc_flows;
+	__u64	highprio_packets;
+	__u64	tcp_retrans;
+	__u64	throttled;
+	__u64	flows_plimit;
+	__u64	pkts_too_long;
+	__u64	allocation_errors;
+	__s64	time_next_delayed_flow;
+	__u32	flows;
+	__u32	inactive_flows;
+	__u32	throttled_flows;
+	__u32	unthrottle_latency_ns;
+	__u64	ce_mark;		/* packets above ce_threshold */
+	__u64	horizon_drops;
+	__u64	horizon_caps;
+};
+
+/* Heavy-Hitter Filter */
+
+enum {
+	TCA_HHF_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_HHF_BACKLOG_LIMIT,
+	TCA_HHF_QUANTUM,
+	TCA_HHF_HH_FLOWS_LIMIT,
+	TCA_HHF_RESET_TIMEOUT,
+	TCA_HHF_ADMIT_BYTES,
+	TCA_HHF_EVICT_TIMEOUT,
+	TCA_HHF_NON_HH_WEIGHT,
+	__TCA_HHF_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_HHF_MAX	(__TCA_HHF_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_hhf_xstats {
+	__u32	drop_overlimit; /* number of times max qdisc packet limit
+				 * was hit
+				 */
+	__u32	hh_overlimit;   /* number of times max heavy-hitters was hit */
+	__u32	hh_tot_count;   /* number of captured heavy-hitters so far */
+	__u32	hh_cur_count;   /* number of current heavy-hitters */
+};
+
+/* PIE */
+enum {
+	TCA_PIE_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_PIE_TARGET,
+	TCA_PIE_LIMIT,
+	TCA_PIE_TUPDATE,
+	TCA_PIE_ALPHA,
+	TCA_PIE_BETA,
+	TCA_PIE_ECN,
+	TCA_PIE_BYTEMODE,
+	TCA_PIE_DQ_RATE_ESTIMATOR,
+	__TCA_PIE_MAX
+};
+#define TCA_PIE_MAX   (__TCA_PIE_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_pie_xstats {
+	__u64 prob;			/* current probability */
+	__u32 delay;			/* current delay in ms */
+	__u32 avg_dq_rate;		/* current average dq_rate in
+					 * bits/pie_time
+					 */
+	__u32 dq_rate_estimating;	/* is avg_dq_rate being calculated? */
+	__u32 packets_in;		/* total number of packets enqueued */
+	__u32 dropped;			/* packets dropped due to pie_action */
+	__u32 overlimit;		/* dropped due to lack of space
+					 * in queue
+					 */
+	__u32 maxq;			/* maximum queue size */
+	__u32 ecn_mark;			/* packets marked with ecn*/
+};
+
+/* FQ PIE */
+enum {
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_LIMIT,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_FLOWS,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_TARGET,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_TUPDATE,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_ALPHA,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_BETA,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_QUANTUM,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_MEMORY_LIMIT,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_ECN_PROB,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_ECN,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_BYTEMODE,
+	TCA_FQ_PIE_DQ_RATE_ESTIMATOR,
+	__TCA_FQ_PIE_MAX
+};
+#define TCA_FQ_PIE_MAX   (__TCA_FQ_PIE_MAX - 1)
+
+struct tc_fq_pie_xstats {
+	__u32 packets_in;	/* total number of packets enqueued */
+	__u32 dropped;		/* packets dropped due to fq_pie_action */
+	__u32 overlimit;	/* dropped due to lack of space in queue */
+	__u32 overmemory;	/* dropped due to lack of memory in queue */
+	__u32 ecn_mark;		/* packets marked with ecn */
+	__u32 new_flow_count;	/* count of new flows created by packets */
+	__u32 new_flows_len;	/* count of flows in new list */
+	__u32 old_flows_len;	/* count of flows in old list */
+	__u32 memory_usage;	/* total memory across all queues */
+};
+
+/* CBS */
+struct tc_cbs_qopt {
+	__u8 offload;
+	__u8 _pad[3];
+	__s32 hicredit;
+	__s32 locredit;
+	__s32 idleslope;
+	__s32 sendslope;
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_CBS_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_CBS_PARMS,
+	__TCA_CBS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_CBS_MAX (__TCA_CBS_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* ETF */
+struct tc_etf_qopt {
+	__s32 delta;
+	__s32 clockid;
+	__u32 flags;
+#define TC_ETF_DEADLINE_MODE_ON	_BITUL(0)
+#define TC_ETF_OFFLOAD_ON	_BITUL(1)
+#define TC_ETF_SKIP_SOCK_CHECK	_BITUL(2)
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_ETF_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_ETF_PARMS,
+	__TCA_ETF_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_ETF_MAX (__TCA_ETF_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* CAKE */
+enum {
+	TCA_CAKE_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_CAKE_PAD,
+	TCA_CAKE_BASE_RATE64,
+	TCA_CAKE_DIFFSERV_MODE,
+	TCA_CAKE_ATM,
+	TCA_CAKE_FLOW_MODE,
+	TCA_CAKE_OVERHEAD,
+	TCA_CAKE_RTT,
+	TCA_CAKE_TARGET,
+	TCA_CAKE_AUTORATE,
+	TCA_CAKE_MEMORY,
+	TCA_CAKE_NAT,
+	TCA_CAKE_RAW,
+	TCA_CAKE_WASH,
+	TCA_CAKE_MPU,
+	TCA_CAKE_INGRESS,
+	TCA_CAKE_ACK_FILTER,
+	TCA_CAKE_SPLIT_GSO,
+	TCA_CAKE_FWMARK,
+	__TCA_CAKE_MAX
+};
+#define TCA_CAKE_MAX	(__TCA_CAKE_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	__TCA_CAKE_STATS_INVALID,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_PAD,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_CAPACITY_ESTIMATE64,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MEMORY_LIMIT,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MEMORY_USED,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_AVG_NETOFF,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MIN_NETLEN,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MAX_NETLEN,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MIN_ADJLEN,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_MAX_ADJLEN,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_TIN_STATS,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_DEFICIT,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_COBALT_COUNT,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_DROPPING,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_DROP_NEXT_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_P_DROP,
+	TCA_CAKE_STATS_BLUE_TIMER_US,
+	__TCA_CAKE_STATS_MAX
+};
+#define TCA_CAKE_STATS_MAX (__TCA_CAKE_STATS_MAX - 1)
+
+enum {
+	__TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_INVALID,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_PAD,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_SENT_PACKETS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_SENT_BYTES64,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_DROPPED_PACKETS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_DROPPED_BYTES64,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_ACKS_DROPPED_PACKETS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_ACKS_DROPPED_BYTES64,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_ECN_MARKED_PACKETS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_ECN_MARKED_BYTES64,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_BACKLOG_PACKETS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_BACKLOG_BYTES,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_THRESHOLD_RATE64,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_TARGET_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_INTERVAL_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_WAY_INDIRECT_HITS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_WAY_MISSES,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_WAY_COLLISIONS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_PEAK_DELAY_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_AVG_DELAY_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_BASE_DELAY_US,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_SPARSE_FLOWS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_BULK_FLOWS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_UNRESPONSIVE_FLOWS,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_MAX_SKBLEN,
+	TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_FLOW_QUANTUM,
+	__TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_MAX
+};
+#define TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_MAX (__TCA_CAKE_TIN_STATS_MAX - 1)
+#define TC_CAKE_MAX_TINS (8)
+
+enum {
+	CAKE_FLOW_NONE = 0,
+	CAKE_FLOW_SRC_IP,
+	CAKE_FLOW_DST_IP,
+	CAKE_FLOW_HOSTS,    /* = CAKE_FLOW_SRC_IP | CAKE_FLOW_DST_IP */
+	CAKE_FLOW_FLOWS,
+	CAKE_FLOW_DUAL_SRC, /* = CAKE_FLOW_SRC_IP | CAKE_FLOW_FLOWS */
+	CAKE_FLOW_DUAL_DST, /* = CAKE_FLOW_DST_IP | CAKE_FLOW_FLOWS */
+	CAKE_FLOW_TRIPLE,   /* = CAKE_FLOW_HOSTS  | CAKE_FLOW_FLOWS */
+	CAKE_FLOW_MAX,
+};
+
+enum {
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_DIFFSERV3 = 0,
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_DIFFSERV4,
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_DIFFSERV8,
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_BESTEFFORT,
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_PRECEDENCE,
+	CAKE_DIFFSERV_MAX
+};
+
+enum {
+	CAKE_ACK_NONE = 0,
+	CAKE_ACK_FILTER,
+	CAKE_ACK_AGGRESSIVE,
+	CAKE_ACK_MAX
+};
+
+enum {
+	CAKE_ATM_NONE = 0,
+	CAKE_ATM_ATM,
+	CAKE_ATM_PTM,
+	CAKE_ATM_MAX
+};
+
+
+/* TAPRIO */
+enum {
+	TC_TAPRIO_CMD_SET_GATES = 0x00,
+	TC_TAPRIO_CMD_SET_AND_HOLD = 0x01,
+	TC_TAPRIO_CMD_SET_AND_RELEASE = 0x02,
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_INDEX, /* u32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_CMD, /* u8 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_GATE_MASK, /* u32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_INTERVAL, /* u32 */
+	__TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_MAX,
+};
+#define TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_MAX (__TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_MAX - 1)
+
+/* The format for schedule entry list is:
+ * [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_LIST]
+ *   [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY]
+ *     [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_CMD]
+ *     [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_GATES]
+ *     [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY_INTERVAL]
+ */
+enum {
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ENTRY,
+	__TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_MAX (__TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_MAX - 1)
+
+/* The format for the admin sched (dump only):
+ * [TCA_TAPRIO_SCHED_ADMIN_SCHED]
+ *   [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_BASE_TIME]
+ *   [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY_LIST]
+ *     [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY]
+ *       [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY_CMD]
+ *       [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY_GATES]
+ *       [TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY_INTERVAL]
+ */
+
+#define TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_FLAG_TXTIME_ASSIST	_BITUL(0)
+#define TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_FLAG_FULL_OFFLOAD	_BITUL(1)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_INDEX,		/* u32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_MAX_SDU,		/* u32 */
+
+	/* add new constants above here */
+	__TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_CNT,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_MAX = (__TCA_TAPRIO_TC_ENTRY_CNT - 1)
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_PRIOMAP, /* struct tc_mqprio_qopt */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_ENTRY_LIST, /* nested of entry */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_BASE_TIME, /* s64 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_SINGLE_ENTRY, /* single entry */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_CLOCKID, /* s32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_PAD,
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_ADMIN_SCHED, /* The admin sched, only used in dump */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_CYCLE_TIME, /* s64 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_SCHED_CYCLE_TIME_EXTENSION, /* s64 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_FLAGS, /* u32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_TXTIME_DELAY, /* u32 */
+	TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_TC_ENTRY, /* nest */
+	__TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_MAX (__TCA_TAPRIO_ATTR_MAX - 1)
+
+/* ETS */
+
+#define TCQ_ETS_MAX_BANDS 16
+
+enum {
+	TCA_ETS_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_ETS_NBANDS,		/* u8 */
+	TCA_ETS_NSTRICT,	/* u8 */
+	TCA_ETS_QUANTA,		/* nested TCA_ETS_QUANTA_BAND */
+	TCA_ETS_QUANTA_BAND,	/* u32 */
+	TCA_ETS_PRIOMAP,	/* nested TCA_ETS_PRIOMAP_BAND */
+	TCA_ETS_PRIOMAP_BAND,	/* u8 */
+	__TCA_ETS_MAX,
+};
+
+#define TCA_ETS_MAX (__TCA_ETS_MAX - 1)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/rtnetlink.h b/src/basic/linux/rtnetlink.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb2747d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/rtnetlink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_RTNETLINK_H
+#define _UAPI__LINUX_RTNETLINK_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/if_link.h>
+#include <linux/if_addr.h>
+#include <linux/neighbour.h>
+
+/* rtnetlink families. Values up to 127 are reserved for real address
+ * families, values above 128 may be used arbitrarily.
+ */
+#define RTNL_FAMILY_IPMR		128
+#define RTNL_FAMILY_IP6MR		129
+#define RTNL_FAMILY_MAX			129
+
+/****
+ *		Routing/neighbour discovery messages.
+ ****/
+
+/* Types of messages */
+
+enum {
+	RTM_BASE	= 16,
+#define RTM_BASE	RTM_BASE
+
+	RTM_NEWLINK	= 16,
+#define RTM_NEWLINK	RTM_NEWLINK
+	RTM_DELLINK,
+#define RTM_DELLINK	RTM_DELLINK
+	RTM_GETLINK,
+#define RTM_GETLINK	RTM_GETLINK
+	RTM_SETLINK,
+#define RTM_SETLINK	RTM_SETLINK
+
+	RTM_NEWADDR	= 20,
+#define RTM_NEWADDR	RTM_NEWADDR
+	RTM_DELADDR,
+#define RTM_DELADDR	RTM_DELADDR
+	RTM_GETADDR,
+#define RTM_GETADDR	RTM_GETADDR
+
+	RTM_NEWROUTE	= 24,
+#define RTM_NEWROUTE	RTM_NEWROUTE
+	RTM_DELROUTE,
+#define RTM_DELROUTE	RTM_DELROUTE
+	RTM_GETROUTE,
+#define RTM_GETROUTE	RTM_GETROUTE
+
+	RTM_NEWNEIGH	= 28,
+#define RTM_NEWNEIGH	RTM_NEWNEIGH
+	RTM_DELNEIGH,
+#define RTM_DELNEIGH	RTM_DELNEIGH
+	RTM_GETNEIGH,
+#define RTM_GETNEIGH	RTM_GETNEIGH
+
+	RTM_NEWRULE	= 32,
+#define RTM_NEWRULE	RTM_NEWRULE
+	RTM_DELRULE,
+#define RTM_DELRULE	RTM_DELRULE
+	RTM_GETRULE,
+#define RTM_GETRULE	RTM_GETRULE
+
+	RTM_NEWQDISC	= 36,
+#define RTM_NEWQDISC	RTM_NEWQDISC
+	RTM_DELQDISC,
+#define RTM_DELQDISC	RTM_DELQDISC
+	RTM_GETQDISC,
+#define RTM_GETQDISC	RTM_GETQDISC
+
+	RTM_NEWTCLASS	= 40,
+#define RTM_NEWTCLASS	RTM_NEWTCLASS
+	RTM_DELTCLASS,
+#define RTM_DELTCLASS	RTM_DELTCLASS
+	RTM_GETTCLASS,
+#define RTM_GETTCLASS	RTM_GETTCLASS
+
+	RTM_NEWTFILTER	= 44,
+#define RTM_NEWTFILTER	RTM_NEWTFILTER
+	RTM_DELTFILTER,
+#define RTM_DELTFILTER	RTM_DELTFILTER
+	RTM_GETTFILTER,
+#define RTM_GETTFILTER	RTM_GETTFILTER
+
+	RTM_NEWACTION	= 48,
+#define RTM_NEWACTION   RTM_NEWACTION
+	RTM_DELACTION,
+#define RTM_DELACTION   RTM_DELACTION
+	RTM_GETACTION,
+#define RTM_GETACTION   RTM_GETACTION
+
+	RTM_NEWPREFIX	= 52,
+#define RTM_NEWPREFIX	RTM_NEWPREFIX
+
+	RTM_GETMULTICAST = 58,
+#define RTM_GETMULTICAST RTM_GETMULTICAST
+
+	RTM_GETANYCAST	= 62,
+#define RTM_GETANYCAST	RTM_GETANYCAST
+
+	RTM_NEWNEIGHTBL	= 64,
+#define RTM_NEWNEIGHTBL	RTM_NEWNEIGHTBL
+	RTM_GETNEIGHTBL	= 66,
+#define RTM_GETNEIGHTBL	RTM_GETNEIGHTBL
+	RTM_SETNEIGHTBL,
+#define RTM_SETNEIGHTBL	RTM_SETNEIGHTBL
+
+	RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT = 68,
+#define RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT
+
+	RTM_NEWADDRLABEL = 72,
+#define RTM_NEWADDRLABEL RTM_NEWADDRLABEL
+	RTM_DELADDRLABEL,
+#define RTM_DELADDRLABEL RTM_DELADDRLABEL
+	RTM_GETADDRLABEL,
+#define RTM_GETADDRLABEL RTM_GETADDRLABEL
+
+	RTM_GETDCB = 78,
+#define RTM_GETDCB RTM_GETDCB
+	RTM_SETDCB,
+#define RTM_SETDCB RTM_SETDCB
+
+	RTM_NEWNETCONF = 80,
+#define RTM_NEWNETCONF RTM_NEWNETCONF
+	RTM_DELNETCONF,
+#define RTM_DELNETCONF RTM_DELNETCONF
+	RTM_GETNETCONF = 82,
+#define RTM_GETNETCONF RTM_GETNETCONF
+
+	RTM_NEWMDB = 84,
+#define RTM_NEWMDB RTM_NEWMDB
+	RTM_DELMDB = 85,
+#define RTM_DELMDB RTM_DELMDB
+	RTM_GETMDB = 86,
+#define RTM_GETMDB RTM_GETMDB
+
+	RTM_NEWNSID = 88,
+#define RTM_NEWNSID RTM_NEWNSID
+	RTM_DELNSID = 89,
+#define RTM_DELNSID RTM_DELNSID
+	RTM_GETNSID = 90,
+#define RTM_GETNSID RTM_GETNSID
+
+	RTM_NEWSTATS = 92,
+#define RTM_NEWSTATS RTM_NEWSTATS
+	RTM_GETSTATS = 94,
+#define RTM_GETSTATS RTM_GETSTATS
+	RTM_SETSTATS,
+#define RTM_SETSTATS RTM_SETSTATS
+
+	RTM_NEWCACHEREPORT = 96,
+#define RTM_NEWCACHEREPORT RTM_NEWCACHEREPORT
+
+	RTM_NEWCHAIN = 100,
+#define RTM_NEWCHAIN RTM_NEWCHAIN
+	RTM_DELCHAIN,
+#define RTM_DELCHAIN RTM_DELCHAIN
+	RTM_GETCHAIN,
+#define RTM_GETCHAIN RTM_GETCHAIN
+
+	RTM_NEWNEXTHOP = 104,
+#define RTM_NEWNEXTHOP	RTM_NEWNEXTHOP
+	RTM_DELNEXTHOP,
+#define RTM_DELNEXTHOP	RTM_DELNEXTHOP
+	RTM_GETNEXTHOP,
+#define RTM_GETNEXTHOP	RTM_GETNEXTHOP
+
+	RTM_NEWLINKPROP = 108,
+#define RTM_NEWLINKPROP	RTM_NEWLINKPROP
+	RTM_DELLINKPROP,
+#define RTM_DELLINKPROP	RTM_DELLINKPROP
+	RTM_GETLINKPROP,
+#define RTM_GETLINKPROP	RTM_GETLINKPROP
+
+	RTM_NEWVLAN = 112,
+#define RTM_NEWNVLAN	RTM_NEWVLAN
+	RTM_DELVLAN,
+#define RTM_DELVLAN	RTM_DELVLAN
+	RTM_GETVLAN,
+#define RTM_GETVLAN	RTM_GETVLAN
+
+	RTM_NEWNEXTHOPBUCKET = 116,
+#define RTM_NEWNEXTHOPBUCKET	RTM_NEWNEXTHOPBUCKET
+	RTM_DELNEXTHOPBUCKET,
+#define RTM_DELNEXTHOPBUCKET	RTM_DELNEXTHOPBUCKET
+	RTM_GETNEXTHOPBUCKET,
+#define RTM_GETNEXTHOPBUCKET	RTM_GETNEXTHOPBUCKET
+
+	RTM_NEWTUNNEL = 120,
+#define RTM_NEWTUNNEL	RTM_NEWTUNNEL
+	RTM_DELTUNNEL,
+#define RTM_DELTUNNEL	RTM_DELTUNNEL
+	RTM_GETTUNNEL,
+#define RTM_GETTUNNEL	RTM_GETTUNNEL
+
+	__RTM_MAX,
+#define RTM_MAX		(((__RTM_MAX + 3) & ~3) - 1)
+};
+
+#define RTM_NR_MSGTYPES	(RTM_MAX + 1 - RTM_BASE)
+#define RTM_NR_FAMILIES	(RTM_NR_MSGTYPES >> 2)
+#define RTM_FAM(cmd)	(((cmd) - RTM_BASE) >> 2)
+
+/* 
+   Generic structure for encapsulation of optional route information.
+   It is reminiscent of sockaddr, but with sa_family replaced
+   with attribute type.
+ */
+
+struct rtattr {
+	unsigned short	rta_len;
+	unsigned short	rta_type;
+};
+
+/* Macros to handle rtattributes */
+
+#define RTA_ALIGNTO	4U
+#define RTA_ALIGN(len) ( ((len)+RTA_ALIGNTO-1) & ~(RTA_ALIGNTO-1) )
+#define RTA_OK(rta,len) ((len) >= (int)sizeof(struct rtattr) && \
+			 (rta)->rta_len >= sizeof(struct rtattr) && \
+			 (rta)->rta_len <= (len))
+#define RTA_NEXT(rta,attrlen)	((attrlen) -= RTA_ALIGN((rta)->rta_len), \
+				 (struct rtattr*)(((char*)(rta)) + RTA_ALIGN((rta)->rta_len)))
+#define RTA_LENGTH(len)	(RTA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rtattr)) + (len))
+#define RTA_SPACE(len)	RTA_ALIGN(RTA_LENGTH(len))
+#define RTA_DATA(rta)   ((void*)(((char*)(rta)) + RTA_LENGTH(0)))
+#define RTA_PAYLOAD(rta) ((int)((rta)->rta_len) - RTA_LENGTH(0))
+
+
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ *		Definitions used in routing table administration.
+ ****/
+
+struct rtmsg {
+	unsigned char		rtm_family;
+	unsigned char		rtm_dst_len;
+	unsigned char		rtm_src_len;
+	unsigned char		rtm_tos;
+
+	unsigned char		rtm_table;	/* Routing table id */
+	unsigned char		rtm_protocol;	/* Routing protocol; see below	*/
+	unsigned char		rtm_scope;	/* See below */	
+	unsigned char		rtm_type;	/* See below	*/
+
+	unsigned		rtm_flags;
+};
+
+/* rtm_type */
+
+enum {
+	RTN_UNSPEC,
+	RTN_UNICAST,		/* Gateway or direct route	*/
+	RTN_LOCAL,		/* Accept locally		*/
+	RTN_BROADCAST,		/* Accept locally as broadcast,
+				   send as broadcast */
+	RTN_ANYCAST,		/* Accept locally as broadcast,
+				   but send as unicast */
+	RTN_MULTICAST,		/* Multicast route		*/
+	RTN_BLACKHOLE,		/* Drop				*/
+	RTN_UNREACHABLE,	/* Destination is unreachable   */
+	RTN_PROHIBIT,		/* Administratively prohibited	*/
+	RTN_THROW,		/* Not in this table		*/
+	RTN_NAT,		/* Translate this address	*/
+	RTN_XRESOLVE,		/* Use external resolver	*/
+	__RTN_MAX
+};
+
+#define RTN_MAX (__RTN_MAX - 1)
+
+
+/* rtm_protocol */
+
+#define RTPROT_UNSPEC		0
+#define RTPROT_REDIRECT		1	/* Route installed by ICMP redirects;
+					   not used by current IPv4 */
+#define RTPROT_KERNEL		2	/* Route installed by kernel		*/
+#define RTPROT_BOOT		3	/* Route installed during boot		*/
+#define RTPROT_STATIC		4	/* Route installed by administrator	*/
+
+/* Values of protocol >= RTPROT_STATIC are not interpreted by kernel;
+   they are just passed from user and back as is.
+   It will be used by hypothetical multiple routing daemons.
+   Note that protocol values should be standardized in order to
+   avoid conflicts.
+ */
+
+#define RTPROT_GATED		8	/* Apparently, GateD */
+#define RTPROT_RA		9	/* RDISC/ND router advertisements */
+#define RTPROT_MRT		10	/* Merit MRT */
+#define RTPROT_ZEBRA		11	/* Zebra */
+#define RTPROT_BIRD		12	/* BIRD */
+#define RTPROT_DNROUTED		13	/* DECnet routing daemon */
+#define RTPROT_XORP		14	/* XORP */
+#define RTPROT_NTK		15	/* Netsukuku */
+#define RTPROT_DHCP		16	/* DHCP client */
+#define RTPROT_MROUTED		17	/* Multicast daemon */
+#define RTPROT_KEEPALIVED	18	/* Keepalived daemon */
+#define RTPROT_BABEL		42	/* Babel daemon */
+#define RTPROT_OPENR		99	/* Open Routing (Open/R) Routes */
+#define RTPROT_BGP		186	/* BGP Routes */
+#define RTPROT_ISIS		187	/* ISIS Routes */
+#define RTPROT_OSPF		188	/* OSPF Routes */
+#define RTPROT_RIP		189	/* RIP Routes */
+#define RTPROT_EIGRP		192	/* EIGRP Routes */
+
+/* rtm_scope
+
+   Really it is not scope, but sort of distance to the destination.
+   NOWHERE are reserved for not existing destinations, HOST is our
+   local addresses, LINK are destinations, located on directly attached
+   link and UNIVERSE is everywhere in the Universe.
+
+   Intermediate values are also possible f.e. interior routes
+   could be assigned a value between UNIVERSE and LINK.
+*/
+
+enum rt_scope_t {
+	RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE=0,
+/* User defined values  */
+	RT_SCOPE_SITE=200,
+	RT_SCOPE_LINK=253,
+	RT_SCOPE_HOST=254,
+	RT_SCOPE_NOWHERE=255
+};
+
+/* rtm_flags */
+
+#define RTM_F_NOTIFY		0x100	/* Notify user of route change	*/
+#define RTM_F_CLONED		0x200	/* This route is cloned		*/
+#define RTM_F_EQUALIZE		0x400	/* Multipath equalizer: NI	*/
+#define RTM_F_PREFIX		0x800	/* Prefix addresses		*/
+#define RTM_F_LOOKUP_TABLE	0x1000	/* set rtm_table to FIB lookup result */
+#define RTM_F_FIB_MATCH	        0x2000	/* return full fib lookup match */
+#define RTM_F_OFFLOAD		0x4000	/* route is offloaded */
+#define RTM_F_TRAP		0x8000	/* route is trapping packets */
+#define RTM_F_OFFLOAD_FAILED	0x20000000 /* route offload failed, this value
+					    * is chosen to avoid conflicts with
+					    * other flags defined in
+					    * include/uapi/linux/ipv6_route.h
+					    */
+
+/* Reserved table identifiers */
+
+enum rt_class_t {
+	RT_TABLE_UNSPEC=0,
+/* User defined values */
+	RT_TABLE_COMPAT=252,
+	RT_TABLE_DEFAULT=253,
+	RT_TABLE_MAIN=254,
+	RT_TABLE_LOCAL=255,
+	RT_TABLE_MAX=0xFFFFFFFF
+};
+
+
+/* Routing message attributes */
+
+enum rtattr_type_t {
+	RTA_UNSPEC,
+	RTA_DST,
+	RTA_SRC,
+	RTA_IIF,
+	RTA_OIF,
+	RTA_GATEWAY,
+	RTA_PRIORITY,
+	RTA_PREFSRC,
+	RTA_METRICS,
+	RTA_MULTIPATH,
+	RTA_PROTOINFO, /* no longer used */
+	RTA_FLOW,
+	RTA_CACHEINFO,
+	RTA_SESSION, /* no longer used */
+	RTA_MP_ALGO, /* no longer used */
+	RTA_TABLE,
+	RTA_MARK,
+	RTA_MFC_STATS,
+	RTA_VIA,
+	RTA_NEWDST,
+	RTA_PREF,
+	RTA_ENCAP_TYPE,
+	RTA_ENCAP,
+	RTA_EXPIRES,
+	RTA_PAD,
+	RTA_UID,
+	RTA_TTL_PROPAGATE,
+	RTA_IP_PROTO,
+	RTA_SPORT,
+	RTA_DPORT,
+	RTA_NH_ID,
+	__RTA_MAX
+};
+
+#define RTA_MAX (__RTA_MAX - 1)
+
+#define RTM_RTA(r)  ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(r)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rtmsg))))
+#define RTM_PAYLOAD(n) NLMSG_PAYLOAD(n,sizeof(struct rtmsg))
+
+/* RTM_MULTIPATH --- array of struct rtnexthop.
+ *
+ * "struct rtnexthop" describes all necessary nexthop information,
+ * i.e. parameters of path to a destination via this nexthop.
+ *
+ * At the moment it is impossible to set different prefsrc, mtu, window
+ * and rtt for different paths from multipath.
+ */
+
+struct rtnexthop {
+	unsigned short		rtnh_len;
+	unsigned char		rtnh_flags;
+	unsigned char		rtnh_hops;
+	int			rtnh_ifindex;
+};
+
+/* rtnh_flags */
+
+#define RTNH_F_DEAD		1	/* Nexthop is dead (used by multipath)	*/
+#define RTNH_F_PERVASIVE	2	/* Do recursive gateway lookup	*/
+#define RTNH_F_ONLINK		4	/* Gateway is forced on link	*/
+#define RTNH_F_OFFLOAD		8	/* Nexthop is offloaded */
+#define RTNH_F_LINKDOWN		16	/* carrier-down on nexthop */
+#define RTNH_F_UNRESOLVED	32	/* The entry is unresolved (ipmr) */
+#define RTNH_F_TRAP		64	/* Nexthop is trapping packets */
+
+#define RTNH_COMPARE_MASK	(RTNH_F_DEAD | RTNH_F_LINKDOWN | \
+				 RTNH_F_OFFLOAD | RTNH_F_TRAP)
+
+/* Macros to handle hexthops */
+
+#define RTNH_ALIGNTO	4
+#define RTNH_ALIGN(len) ( ((len)+RTNH_ALIGNTO-1) & ~(RTNH_ALIGNTO-1) )
+#define RTNH_OK(rtnh,len) ((rtnh)->rtnh_len >= sizeof(struct rtnexthop) && \
+			   ((int)(rtnh)->rtnh_len) <= (len))
+#define RTNH_NEXT(rtnh)	((struct rtnexthop*)(((char*)(rtnh)) + RTNH_ALIGN((rtnh)->rtnh_len)))
+#define RTNH_LENGTH(len) (RTNH_ALIGN(sizeof(struct rtnexthop)) + (len))
+#define RTNH_SPACE(len)	RTNH_ALIGN(RTNH_LENGTH(len))
+#define RTNH_DATA(rtnh)   ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(rtnh)) + RTNH_LENGTH(0)))
+
+/* RTA_VIA */
+struct rtvia {
+	__kernel_sa_family_t	rtvia_family;
+	__u8			rtvia_addr[];
+};
+
+/* RTM_CACHEINFO */
+
+struct rta_cacheinfo {
+	__u32	rta_clntref;
+	__u32	rta_lastuse;
+	__s32	rta_expires;
+	__u32	rta_error;
+	__u32	rta_used;
+
+#define RTNETLINK_HAVE_PEERINFO 1
+	__u32	rta_id;
+	__u32	rta_ts;
+	__u32	rta_tsage;
+};
+
+/* RTM_METRICS --- array of struct rtattr with types of RTAX_* */
+
+enum {
+	RTAX_UNSPEC,
+#define RTAX_UNSPEC RTAX_UNSPEC
+	RTAX_LOCK,
+#define RTAX_LOCK RTAX_LOCK
+	RTAX_MTU,
+#define RTAX_MTU RTAX_MTU
+	RTAX_WINDOW,
+#define RTAX_WINDOW RTAX_WINDOW
+	RTAX_RTT,
+#define RTAX_RTT RTAX_RTT
+	RTAX_RTTVAR,
+#define RTAX_RTTVAR RTAX_RTTVAR
+	RTAX_SSTHRESH,
+#define RTAX_SSTHRESH RTAX_SSTHRESH
+	RTAX_CWND,
+#define RTAX_CWND RTAX_CWND
+	RTAX_ADVMSS,
+#define RTAX_ADVMSS RTAX_ADVMSS
+	RTAX_REORDERING,
+#define RTAX_REORDERING RTAX_REORDERING
+	RTAX_HOPLIMIT,
+#define RTAX_HOPLIMIT RTAX_HOPLIMIT
+	RTAX_INITCWND,
+#define RTAX_INITCWND RTAX_INITCWND
+	RTAX_FEATURES,
+#define RTAX_FEATURES RTAX_FEATURES
+	RTAX_RTO_MIN,
+#define RTAX_RTO_MIN RTAX_RTO_MIN
+	RTAX_INITRWND,
+#define RTAX_INITRWND RTAX_INITRWND
+	RTAX_QUICKACK,
+#define RTAX_QUICKACK RTAX_QUICKACK
+	RTAX_CC_ALGO,
+#define RTAX_CC_ALGO RTAX_CC_ALGO
+	RTAX_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE,
+#define RTAX_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE RTAX_FASTOPEN_NO_COOKIE
+	__RTAX_MAX
+};
+
+#define RTAX_MAX (__RTAX_MAX - 1)
+
+#define RTAX_FEATURE_ECN	(1 << 0)
+#define RTAX_FEATURE_SACK	(1 << 1)
+#define RTAX_FEATURE_TIMESTAMP	(1 << 2)
+#define RTAX_FEATURE_ALLFRAG	(1 << 3)
+
+#define RTAX_FEATURE_MASK	(RTAX_FEATURE_ECN | RTAX_FEATURE_SACK | \
+				 RTAX_FEATURE_TIMESTAMP | RTAX_FEATURE_ALLFRAG)
+
+struct rta_session {
+	__u8	proto;
+	__u8	pad1;
+	__u16	pad2;
+
+	union {
+		struct {
+			__u16	sport;
+			__u16	dport;
+		} ports;
+
+		struct {
+			__u8	type;
+			__u8	code;
+			__u16	ident;
+		} icmpt;
+
+		__u32		spi;
+	} u;
+};
+
+struct rta_mfc_stats {
+	__u64	mfcs_packets;
+	__u64	mfcs_bytes;
+	__u64	mfcs_wrong_if;
+};
+
+/****
+ *		General form of address family dependent message.
+ ****/
+
+struct rtgenmsg {
+	unsigned char		rtgen_family;
+};
+
+/*****************************************************************
+ *		Link layer specific messages.
+ ****/
+
+/* struct ifinfomsg
+ * passes link level specific information, not dependent
+ * on network protocol.
+ */
+
+struct ifinfomsg {
+	unsigned char	ifi_family;
+	unsigned char	__ifi_pad;
+	unsigned short	ifi_type;		/* ARPHRD_* */
+	int		ifi_index;		/* Link index	*/
+	unsigned	ifi_flags;		/* IFF_* flags	*/
+	unsigned	ifi_change;		/* IFF_* change mask */
+};
+
+/********************************************************************
+ *		prefix information 
+ ****/
+
+struct prefixmsg {
+	unsigned char	prefix_family;
+	unsigned char	prefix_pad1;
+	unsigned short	prefix_pad2;
+	int		prefix_ifindex;
+	unsigned char	prefix_type;
+	unsigned char	prefix_len;
+	unsigned char	prefix_flags;
+	unsigned char	prefix_pad3;
+};
+
+enum 
+{
+	PREFIX_UNSPEC,
+	PREFIX_ADDRESS,
+	PREFIX_CACHEINFO,
+	__PREFIX_MAX
+};
+
+#define PREFIX_MAX	(__PREFIX_MAX - 1)
+
+struct prefix_cacheinfo {
+	__u32	preferred_time;
+	__u32	valid_time;
+};
+
+
+/*****************************************************************
+ *		Traffic control messages.
+ ****/
+
+struct tcmsg {
+	unsigned char	tcm_family;
+	unsigned char	tcm__pad1;
+	unsigned short	tcm__pad2;
+	int		tcm_ifindex;
+	__u32		tcm_handle;
+	__u32		tcm_parent;
+/* tcm_block_index is used instead of tcm_parent
+ * in case tcm_ifindex == TCM_IFINDEX_MAGIC_BLOCK
+ */
+#define tcm_block_index tcm_parent
+	__u32		tcm_info;
+};
+
+/* For manipulation of filters in shared block, tcm_ifindex is set to
+ * TCM_IFINDEX_MAGIC_BLOCK, and tcm_parent is aliased to tcm_block_index
+ * which is the block index.
+ */
+#define TCM_IFINDEX_MAGIC_BLOCK (0xFFFFFFFFU)
+
+enum {
+	TCA_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_KIND,
+	TCA_OPTIONS,
+	TCA_STATS,
+	TCA_XSTATS,
+	TCA_RATE,
+	TCA_FCNT,
+	TCA_STATS2,
+	TCA_STAB,
+	TCA_PAD,
+	TCA_DUMP_INVISIBLE,
+	TCA_CHAIN,
+	TCA_HW_OFFLOAD,
+	TCA_INGRESS_BLOCK,
+	TCA_EGRESS_BLOCK,
+	TCA_DUMP_FLAGS,
+	__TCA_MAX
+};
+
+#define TCA_MAX (__TCA_MAX - 1)
+
+#define TCA_DUMP_FLAGS_TERSE (1 << 0) /* Means that in dump user gets only basic
+				       * data necessary to identify the objects
+				       * (handle, cookie, etc.) and stats.
+				       */
+
+#define TCA_RTA(r)  ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(r)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct tcmsg))))
+#define TCA_PAYLOAD(n) NLMSG_PAYLOAD(n,sizeof(struct tcmsg))
+
+/********************************************************************
+ *		Neighbor Discovery userland options
+ ****/
+
+struct nduseroptmsg {
+	unsigned char	nduseropt_family;
+	unsigned char	nduseropt_pad1;
+	unsigned short	nduseropt_opts_len;	/* Total length of options */
+	int		nduseropt_ifindex;
+	__u8		nduseropt_icmp_type;
+	__u8		nduseropt_icmp_code;
+	unsigned short	nduseropt_pad2;
+	unsigned int	nduseropt_pad3;
+	/* Followed by one or more ND options */
+};
+
+enum {
+	NDUSEROPT_UNSPEC,
+	NDUSEROPT_SRCADDR,
+	__NDUSEROPT_MAX
+};
+
+#define NDUSEROPT_MAX	(__NDUSEROPT_MAX - 1)
+
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+/* RTnetlink multicast groups - backwards compatibility for userspace */
+#define RTMGRP_LINK		1
+#define RTMGRP_NOTIFY		2
+#define RTMGRP_NEIGH		4
+#define RTMGRP_TC		8
+
+#define RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADDR	0x10
+#define RTMGRP_IPV4_MROUTE	0x20
+#define RTMGRP_IPV4_ROUTE	0x40
+#define RTMGRP_IPV4_RULE	0x80
+
+#define RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR	0x100
+#define RTMGRP_IPV6_MROUTE	0x200
+#define RTMGRP_IPV6_ROUTE	0x400
+#define RTMGRP_IPV6_IFINFO	0x800
+
+#define RTMGRP_DECnet_IFADDR    0x1000
+#define RTMGRP_DECnet_ROUTE     0x4000
+
+#define RTMGRP_IPV6_PREFIX	0x20000
+#endif
+
+/* RTnetlink multicast groups */
+enum rtnetlink_groups {
+	RTNLGRP_NONE,
+#define RTNLGRP_NONE		RTNLGRP_NONE
+	RTNLGRP_LINK,
+#define RTNLGRP_LINK		RTNLGRP_LINK
+	RTNLGRP_NOTIFY,
+#define RTNLGRP_NOTIFY		RTNLGRP_NOTIFY
+	RTNLGRP_NEIGH,
+#define RTNLGRP_NEIGH		RTNLGRP_NEIGH
+	RTNLGRP_TC,
+#define RTNLGRP_TC		RTNLGRP_TC
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_IFADDR,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV4_IFADDR	RTNLGRP_IPV4_IFADDR
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE,
+#define	RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE	RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_ROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV4_ROUTE	RTNLGRP_IPV4_ROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_RULE,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV4_RULE	RTNLGRP_IPV4_RULE
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFADDR,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFADDR	RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFADDR
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE	RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_ROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_ROUTE	RTNLGRP_IPV6_ROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFINFO,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFINFO	RTNLGRP_IPV6_IFINFO
+	RTNLGRP_DECnet_IFADDR,
+#define RTNLGRP_DECnet_IFADDR	RTNLGRP_DECnet_IFADDR
+	RTNLGRP_NOP2,
+	RTNLGRP_DECnet_ROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_DECnet_ROUTE	RTNLGRP_DECnet_ROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_DECnet_RULE,
+#define RTNLGRP_DECnet_RULE	RTNLGRP_DECnet_RULE
+	RTNLGRP_NOP4,
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX	RTNLGRP_IPV6_PREFIX
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_RULE,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_RULE	RTNLGRP_IPV6_RULE
+	RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT,
+#define RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT	RTNLGRP_ND_USEROPT
+	RTNLGRP_PHONET_IFADDR,
+#define RTNLGRP_PHONET_IFADDR	RTNLGRP_PHONET_IFADDR
+	RTNLGRP_PHONET_ROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_PHONET_ROUTE	RTNLGRP_PHONET_ROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_DCB,
+#define RTNLGRP_DCB		RTNLGRP_DCB
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_NETCONF,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV4_NETCONF	RTNLGRP_IPV4_NETCONF
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_NETCONF,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_NETCONF	RTNLGRP_IPV6_NETCONF
+	RTNLGRP_MDB,
+#define RTNLGRP_MDB		RTNLGRP_MDB
+	RTNLGRP_MPLS_ROUTE,
+#define RTNLGRP_MPLS_ROUTE	RTNLGRP_MPLS_ROUTE
+	RTNLGRP_NSID,
+#define RTNLGRP_NSID		RTNLGRP_NSID
+	RTNLGRP_MPLS_NETCONF,
+#define RTNLGRP_MPLS_NETCONF	RTNLGRP_MPLS_NETCONF
+	RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE_R,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE_R	RTNLGRP_IPV4_MROUTE_R
+	RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE_R,
+#define RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE_R	RTNLGRP_IPV6_MROUTE_R
+	RTNLGRP_NEXTHOP,
+#define RTNLGRP_NEXTHOP		RTNLGRP_NEXTHOP
+	RTNLGRP_BRVLAN,
+#define RTNLGRP_BRVLAN		RTNLGRP_BRVLAN
+	RTNLGRP_MCTP_IFADDR,
+#define RTNLGRP_MCTP_IFADDR	RTNLGRP_MCTP_IFADDR
+	RTNLGRP_TUNNEL,
+#define RTNLGRP_TUNNEL		RTNLGRP_TUNNEL
+	RTNLGRP_STATS,
+#define RTNLGRP_STATS		RTNLGRP_STATS
+	__RTNLGRP_MAX
+};
+#define RTNLGRP_MAX	(__RTNLGRP_MAX - 1)
+
+/* TC action piece */
+struct tcamsg {
+	unsigned char	tca_family;
+	unsigned char	tca__pad1;
+	unsigned short	tca__pad2;
+};
+
+enum {
+	TCA_ROOT_UNSPEC,
+	TCA_ROOT_TAB,
+#define TCA_ACT_TAB TCA_ROOT_TAB
+#define TCAA_MAX TCA_ROOT_TAB
+	TCA_ROOT_FLAGS,
+	TCA_ROOT_COUNT,
+	TCA_ROOT_TIME_DELTA, /* in msecs */
+	__TCA_ROOT_MAX,
+#define	TCA_ROOT_MAX (__TCA_ROOT_MAX - 1)
+};
+
+#define TA_RTA(r)  ((struct rtattr*)(((char*)(r)) + NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(struct tcamsg))))
+#define TA_PAYLOAD(n) NLMSG_PAYLOAD(n,sizeof(struct tcamsg))
+/* tcamsg flags stored in attribute TCA_ROOT_FLAGS
+ *
+ * TCA_ACT_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON user->kernel to request for larger than
+ * TCA_ACT_MAX_PRIO actions in a dump. All dump responses will contain the
+ * number of actions being dumped stored in for user app's consumption in
+ * TCA_ROOT_COUNT
+ *
+ * TCA_ACT_FLAG_TERSE_DUMP user->kernel to request terse (brief) dump that only
+ * includes essential action info (kind, index, etc.)
+ *
+ */
+#define TCA_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON		(1 << 0)
+#define TCA_ACT_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON	TCA_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON
+#define TCA_ACT_FLAG_TERSE_DUMP		(1 << 1)
+
+/* New extended info filters for IFLA_EXT_MASK */
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_VF		(1 << 0)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_BRVLAN	(1 << 1)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_BRVLAN_COMPRESSED	(1 << 2)
+#define	RTEXT_FILTER_SKIP_STATS	(1 << 3)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_MRP	(1 << 4)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_CFM_CONFIG	(1 << 5)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_CFM_STATUS	(1 << 6)
+#define RTEXT_FILTER_MST	(1 << 7)
+
+/* End of information exported to user level */
+
+
+
+#endif /* _UAPI__LINUX_RTNETLINK_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/stddef.h b/src/basic/linux/stddef.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a73963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/stddef.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_STDDEF_H
+#define _UAPI_LINUX_STDDEF_H
+
+
+#ifndef __always_inline
+#define __always_inline inline
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * __struct_group() - Create a mirrored named and anonyomous struct
+ *
+ * @TAG: The tag name for the named sub-struct (usually empty)
+ * @NAME: The identifier name of the mirrored sub-struct
+ * @ATTRS: Any struct attributes (usually empty)
+ * @MEMBERS: The member declarations for the mirrored structs
+ *
+ * Used to create an anonymous union of two structs with identical layout
+ * and size: one anonymous and one named. The former's members can be used
+ * normally without sub-struct naming, and the latter can be used to
+ * reason about the start, end, and size of the group of struct members.
+ * The named struct can also be explicitly tagged for layer reuse, as well
+ * as both having struct attributes appended.
+ */
+#define __struct_group(TAG, NAME, ATTRS, MEMBERS...) \
+	union { \
+		struct { MEMBERS } ATTRS; \
+		struct TAG { MEMBERS } ATTRS NAME; \
+	}
+
+/**
+ * __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() - Declare a flexible array usable in a union
+ *
+ * @TYPE: The type of each flexible array element
+ * @NAME: The name of the flexible array member
+ *
+ * In order to have a flexible array member in a union or alone in a
+ * struct, it needs to be wrapped in an anonymous struct with at least 1
+ * named member, but that member can be empty.
+ */
+#define __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(TYPE, NAME)	\
+	struct { \
+		struct { } __empty_ ## NAME; \
+		TYPE NAME[]; \
+	}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/update.sh b/src/basic/linux/update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..6155766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+set -eu
+set -o pipefail
+
+for i in *.h */*.h; do
+    curl --fail "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/torvalds/linux/master/include/uapi/linux/$i" -o "$i"
+
+    sed -r -i -e 's/__user //g' -e '/^#include <linux\/compiler(_types)?.h>/ d' "$i"
+    sed -r -i 's/^(#include <linux\/fs\.h>)/#if WANT_LINUX_FS_H\n\1\n#endif/' "$i"
+done
diff --git a/src/basic/linux/wireguard.h b/src/basic/linux/wireguard.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae88be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/linux/wireguard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT */
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Documentation
+ * =============
+ *
+ * The below enums and macros are for interfacing with WireGuard, using generic
+ * netlink, with family WG_GENL_NAME and version WG_GENL_VERSION. It defines two
+ * methods: get and set. Note that while they share many common attributes,
+ * these two functions actually accept a slightly different set of inputs and
+ * outputs.
+ *
+ * WG_CMD_GET_DEVICE
+ * -----------------
+ *
+ * May only be called via NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_DUMP. The command should contain
+ * one but not both of:
+ *
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFINDEX: NLA_U32
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME: NLA_NUL_STRING, maxlen IFNAMSIZ - 1
+ *
+ * The kernel will then return several messages (NLM_F_MULTI) containing the
+ * following tree of nested items:
+ *
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFINDEX: NLA_U32
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME: NLA_NUL_STRING, maxlen IFNAMSIZ - 1
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_PRIVATE_KEY: NLA_EXACT_LEN, len WG_KEY_LEN
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_PUBLIC_KEY: NLA_EXACT_LEN, len WG_KEY_LEN
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_LISTEN_PORT: NLA_U16
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_FWMARK: NLA_U32
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_PEERS: NLA_NESTED
+ *        0: NLA_NESTED
+ *            WGPEER_A_PUBLIC_KEY: NLA_EXACT_LEN, len WG_KEY_LEN
+ *            WGPEER_A_PRESHARED_KEY: NLA_EXACT_LEN, len WG_KEY_LEN
+ *            WGPEER_A_ENDPOINT: NLA_MIN_LEN(struct sockaddr), struct sockaddr_in or struct sockaddr_in6
+ *            WGPEER_A_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: NLA_U16
+ *            WGPEER_A_LAST_HANDSHAKE_TIME: NLA_EXACT_LEN, struct __kernel_timespec
+ *            WGPEER_A_RX_BYTES: NLA_U64
+ *            WGPEER_A_TX_BYTES: NLA_U64
+ *            WGPEER_A_ALLOWEDIPS: NLA_NESTED
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_FAMILY: NLA_U16
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_IPADDR: NLA_MIN_LEN(struct in_addr), struct in_addr or struct in6_addr
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_CIDR_MASK: NLA_U8
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    ...
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    ...
+ *                ...
+ *            WGPEER_A_PROTOCOL_VERSION: NLA_U32
+ *        0: NLA_NESTED
+ *            ...
+ *        ...
+ *
+ * It is possible that all of the allowed IPs of a single peer will not
+ * fit within a single netlink message. In that case, the same peer will
+ * be written in the following message, except it will only contain
+ * WGPEER_A_PUBLIC_KEY and WGPEER_A_ALLOWEDIPS. This may occur several
+ * times in a row for the same peer. It is then up to the receiver to
+ * coalesce adjacent peers. Likewise, it is possible that all peers will
+ * not fit within a single message. So, subsequent peers will be sent
+ * in following messages, except those will only contain WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME
+ * and WGDEVICE_A_PEERS. It is then up to the receiver to coalesce these
+ * messages to form the complete list of peers.
+ *
+ * Since this is an NLA_F_DUMP command, the final message will always be
+ * NLMSG_DONE, even if an error occurs. However, this NLMSG_DONE message
+ * contains an integer error code. It is either zero or a negative error
+ * code corresponding to the errno.
+ *
+ * WG_CMD_SET_DEVICE
+ * -----------------
+ *
+ * May only be called via NLM_F_REQUEST. The command should contain the
+ * following tree of nested items, containing one but not both of
+ * WGDEVICE_A_IFINDEX and WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME:
+ *
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFINDEX: NLA_U32
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME: NLA_NUL_STRING, maxlen IFNAMSIZ - 1
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_FLAGS: NLA_U32, 0 or WGDEVICE_F_REPLACE_PEERS if all current
+ *                      peers should be removed prior to adding the list below.
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_PRIVATE_KEY: len WG_KEY_LEN, all zeros to remove
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_LISTEN_PORT: NLA_U16, 0 to choose randomly
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_FWMARK: NLA_U32, 0 to disable
+ *    WGDEVICE_A_PEERS: NLA_NESTED
+ *        0: NLA_NESTED
+ *            WGPEER_A_PUBLIC_KEY: len WG_KEY_LEN
+ *            WGPEER_A_FLAGS: NLA_U32, 0 and/or WGPEER_F_REMOVE_ME if the
+ *                            specified peer should not exist at the end of the
+ *                            operation, rather than added/updated and/or
+ *                            WGPEER_F_REPLACE_ALLOWEDIPS if all current allowed
+ *                            IPs of this peer should be removed prior to adding
+ *                            the list below and/or WGPEER_F_UPDATE_ONLY if the
+ *                            peer should only be set if it already exists.
+ *            WGPEER_A_PRESHARED_KEY: len WG_KEY_LEN, all zeros to remove
+ *            WGPEER_A_ENDPOINT: struct sockaddr_in or struct sockaddr_in6
+ *            WGPEER_A_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL: NLA_U16, 0 to disable
+ *            WGPEER_A_ALLOWEDIPS: NLA_NESTED
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_FAMILY: NLA_U16
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_IPADDR: struct in_addr or struct in6_addr
+ *                    WGALLOWEDIP_A_CIDR_MASK: NLA_U8
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    ...
+ *                0: NLA_NESTED
+ *                    ...
+ *                ...
+ *            WGPEER_A_PROTOCOL_VERSION: NLA_U32, should not be set or used at
+ *                                       all by most users of this API, as the
+ *                                       most recent protocol will be used when
+ *                                       this is unset. Otherwise, must be set
+ *                                       to 1.
+ *        0: NLA_NESTED
+ *            ...
+ *        ...
+ *
+ * It is possible that the amount of configuration data exceeds that of
+ * the maximum message length accepted by the kernel. In that case, several
+ * messages should be sent one after another, with each successive one
+ * filling in information not contained in the prior. Note that if
+ * WGDEVICE_F_REPLACE_PEERS is specified in the first message, it probably
+ * should not be specified in fragments that come after, so that the list
+ * of peers is only cleared the first time but appended after. Likewise for
+ * peers, if WGPEER_F_REPLACE_ALLOWEDIPS is specified in the first message
+ * of a peer, it likely should not be specified in subsequent fragments.
+ *
+ * If an error occurs, NLMSG_ERROR will reply containing an errno.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _WG_UAPI_WIREGUARD_H
+#define _WG_UAPI_WIREGUARD_H
+
+#define WG_GENL_NAME "wireguard"
+#define WG_GENL_VERSION 1
+
+#define WG_KEY_LEN 32
+
+enum wg_cmd {
+	WG_CMD_GET_DEVICE,
+	WG_CMD_SET_DEVICE,
+	__WG_CMD_MAX
+};
+#define WG_CMD_MAX (__WG_CMD_MAX - 1)
+
+enum wgdevice_flag {
+	WGDEVICE_F_REPLACE_PEERS = 1U << 0,
+	__WGDEVICE_F_ALL = WGDEVICE_F_REPLACE_PEERS
+};
+enum wgdevice_attribute {
+	WGDEVICE_A_UNSPEC,
+	WGDEVICE_A_IFINDEX,
+	WGDEVICE_A_IFNAME,
+	WGDEVICE_A_PRIVATE_KEY,
+	WGDEVICE_A_PUBLIC_KEY,
+	WGDEVICE_A_FLAGS,
+	WGDEVICE_A_LISTEN_PORT,
+	WGDEVICE_A_FWMARK,
+	WGDEVICE_A_PEERS,
+	__WGDEVICE_A_LAST
+};
+#define WGDEVICE_A_MAX (__WGDEVICE_A_LAST - 1)
+
+enum wgpeer_flag {
+	WGPEER_F_REMOVE_ME = 1U << 0,
+	WGPEER_F_REPLACE_ALLOWEDIPS = 1U << 1,
+	WGPEER_F_UPDATE_ONLY = 1U << 2,
+	__WGPEER_F_ALL = WGPEER_F_REMOVE_ME | WGPEER_F_REPLACE_ALLOWEDIPS |
+			 WGPEER_F_UPDATE_ONLY
+};
+enum wgpeer_attribute {
+	WGPEER_A_UNSPEC,
+	WGPEER_A_PUBLIC_KEY,
+	WGPEER_A_PRESHARED_KEY,
+	WGPEER_A_FLAGS,
+	WGPEER_A_ENDPOINT,
+	WGPEER_A_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL,
+	WGPEER_A_LAST_HANDSHAKE_TIME,
+	WGPEER_A_RX_BYTES,
+	WGPEER_A_TX_BYTES,
+	WGPEER_A_ALLOWEDIPS,
+	WGPEER_A_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+	__WGPEER_A_LAST
+};
+#define WGPEER_A_MAX (__WGPEER_A_LAST - 1)
+
+enum wgallowedip_attribute {
+	WGALLOWEDIP_A_UNSPEC,
+	WGALLOWEDIP_A_FAMILY,
+	WGALLOWEDIP_A_IPADDR,
+	WGALLOWEDIP_A_CIDR_MASK,
+	__WGALLOWEDIP_A_LAST
+};
+#define WGALLOWEDIP_A_MAX (__WGALLOWEDIP_A_LAST - 1)
+
+#endif /* _WG_UAPI_WIREGUARD_H */
diff --git a/src/basic/list.h b/src/basic/list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0d5af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* The head of the linked list. Use this in the structure that shall
+ * contain the head of the linked list */
+#define LIST_HEAD(t,name)                                               \
+        t *name
+
+/* The pointers in the linked list's items. Use this in the item structure */
+#define LIST_FIELDS(t,name)                                             \
+        t *name##_next, *name##_prev
+
+/* Initialize the list's head */
+#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(head)                                            \
+        do {                                                            \
+                (head) = NULL;                                          \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Initialize a list item */
+#define LIST_INIT(name,item)                                            \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(item)) *_item = (item);                        \
+                assert(_item);                                          \
+                _item->name##_prev = _item->name##_next = NULL;         \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Prepend an item to the list */
+#define LIST_PREPEND(name,head,item)                                    \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(head)) **_head = &(head), *_item = (item);     \
+                assert(_item);                                          \
+                if ((_item->name##_next = *_head))                      \
+                        _item->name##_next->name##_prev = _item;        \
+                _item->name##_prev = NULL;                              \
+                *_head = _item;                                         \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Append an item to the list */
+#define LIST_APPEND(name,head,item)                                     \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(head)) **_hhead = &(head), *_tail;             \
+                LIST_FIND_TAIL(name, *_hhead, _tail);                   \
+                LIST_INSERT_AFTER(name, *_hhead, _tail, item);          \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Remove an item from the list */
+#define LIST_REMOVE(name,head,item)                                     \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(head)) **_head = &(head), *_item = (item);     \
+                assert(_item);                                          \
+                if (_item->name##_next)                                 \
+                        _item->name##_next->name##_prev = _item->name##_prev; \
+                if (_item->name##_prev)                                 \
+                        _item->name##_prev->name##_next = _item->name##_next; \
+                else {                                                  \
+                        assert(*_head == _item);                        \
+                        *_head = _item->name##_next;                    \
+                }                                                       \
+                _item->name##_next = _item->name##_prev = NULL;         \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Find the head of the list */
+#define LIST_FIND_HEAD(name,item,head)                                  \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(item)) *_item = (item);                        \
+                if (!_item)                                             \
+                        (head) = NULL;                                  \
+                else {                                                  \
+                        while (_item->name##_prev)                      \
+                                _item = _item->name##_prev;             \
+                        (head) = _item;                                 \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Find the tail of the list */
+#define LIST_FIND_TAIL(name,item,tail)                                  \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(item)) *_item = (item);                        \
+                if (!_item)                                             \
+                        (tail) = NULL;                                  \
+                else {                                                  \
+                        while (_item->name##_next)                      \
+                                _item = _item->name##_next;             \
+                        (tail) = _item;                                 \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Insert an item after another one (a = where, b = what) */
+#define LIST_INSERT_AFTER(name,head,a,b)                                \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(head)) **_head = &(head), *_a = (a), *_b = (b); \
+                assert(_b);                                             \
+                if (!_a) {                                              \
+                        if ((_b->name##_next = *_head))                 \
+                                _b->name##_next->name##_prev = _b;      \
+                        _b->name##_prev = NULL;                         \
+                        *_head = _b;                                    \
+                } else {                                                \
+                        if ((_b->name##_next = _a->name##_next))        \
+                                _b->name##_next->name##_prev = _b;      \
+                        _b->name##_prev = _a;                           \
+                        _a->name##_next = _b;                           \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+/* Insert an item before another one (a = where, b = what) */
+#define LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(name,head,a,b)                               \
+        do {                                                            \
+                typeof(*(head)) **_head = &(head), *_a = (a), *_b = (b); \
+                assert(_b);                                             \
+                if (!_a) {                                              \
+                        if (!*_head) {                                  \
+                                _b->name##_next = NULL;                 \
+                                _b->name##_prev = NULL;                 \
+                                *_head = _b;                            \
+                        } else {                                        \
+                                typeof(*(head)) *_tail = (head);        \
+                                while (_tail->name##_next)              \
+                                        _tail = _tail->name##_next;     \
+                                _b->name##_next = NULL;                 \
+                                _b->name##_prev = _tail;                \
+                                _tail->name##_next = _b;                \
+                        }                                               \
+                } else {                                                \
+                        if ((_b->name##_prev = _a->name##_prev))        \
+                                _b->name##_prev->name##_next = _b;      \
+                        else                                            \
+                                *_head = _b;                            \
+                        _b->name##_next = _a;                           \
+                        _a->name##_prev = _b;                           \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define LIST_JUST_US(name, item)                                        \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(*(item)) *_item = (item);                        \
+                !(_item)->name##_prev && !(_item)->name##_next;         \
+        })
+
+/* The type of the iterator 'i' is automatically determined by the type of 'head', and declared in the
+ * loop. Hence, do not declare the same variable in the outer scope. Sometimes, we set 'head' through
+ * hashmap_get(). In that case, you need to explicitly cast the result. */
+#define LIST_FOREACH_WITH_NEXT(name,i,n,head)                           \
+        for (typeof(*(head)) *n, *i = (head); i && (n = i->name##_next, true); i = n)
+
+#define LIST_FOREACH(name,i,head)                                       \
+        LIST_FOREACH_WITH_NEXT(name, i, UNIQ_T(n, UNIQ), head)
+
+#define _LIST_FOREACH_WITH_PREV(name,i,p,start)                         \
+        for (typeof(*(start)) *p, *i = (start); i && (p = i->name##_prev, true); i = p)
+
+#define LIST_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(name,i,start)                            \
+        _LIST_FOREACH_WITH_PREV(name, i, UNIQ_T(p, UNIQ), start)
+
+/* Iterate through all the members of the list p is included in, but skip over p */
+#define LIST_FOREACH_OTHERS(name,i,p)                                   \
+        for (typeof(*(p)) *_p = (p), *i = ({                            \
+                                typeof(*_p) *_j = _p;                   \
+                                while (_j && _j->name##_prev)           \
+                                        _j = _j->name##_prev;           \
+                                if (_j == _p)                           \
+                                        _j = _p->name##_next;           \
+                                _j;                                     \
+                        });                                             \
+             i;                                                         \
+             i = i->name##_next == _p ? _p->name##_next : i->name##_next)
+
+/* Loop starting from p->next until p->prev. p can be adjusted meanwhile. */
+#define LIST_LOOP_BUT_ONE(name,i,head,p)                                \
+        for (typeof(*(p)) *i = (p)->name##_next ? (p)->name##_next : (head); \
+             i != (p);                                                  \
+             i = i->name##_next ? i->name##_next : (head))
+
+/* Join two lists tail to head: a->b, c->d to a->b->c->d and de-initialise second list */
+#define LIST_JOIN(name,a,b)                                             \
+        do {                                                            \
+                assert(b);                                              \
+                if (!(a))                                               \
+                        (a) = (b);                                      \
+                else {                                                  \
+                        typeof(*(a)) *_head = (b), *_tail;              \
+                        LIST_FIND_TAIL(name, (a), _tail);               \
+                        _tail->name##_next = _head;                     \
+                        _head->name##_prev = _tail;                     \
+                }                                                       \
+                (b) = NULL;                                             \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define LIST_POP(name, a)                                               \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(a)* _a = &(a);                                   \
+                typeof(a) _p = *_a;                                     \
+                if (_p)                                                 \
+                        LIST_REMOVE(name, *_a, _p);                     \
+                _p;                                                     \
+        })
diff --git a/src/basic/locale-util.c b/src/basic/locale-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60f3d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/locale-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#include <libintl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "def.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static char *normalize_locale(const char *name) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        /* Locale names are weird: glibc has some magic rules when looking for the charset name on disk: it
+         * lowercases everything, and removes most special chars. This means the official .UTF-8 suffix
+         * becomes .utf8 when looking things up on disk. When enumerating locales, let's do the reverse
+         * operation, and go back to ".UTF-8" which appears to be the more commonly accepted name. We only do
+         * that for UTF-8 however, since it's kinda the only charset that matters. */
+
+        e = endswith(name, ".utf8");
+        if (e) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *prefix = NULL;
+
+                prefix = strndup(name, e - name);
+                if (!prefix)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                return strjoin(prefix, ".UTF-8");
+        }
+
+        e = strstr(name, ".utf8@");
+        if (e) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *prefix = NULL;
+
+                prefix = strndup(name, e - name);
+                if (!prefix)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                return strjoin(prefix, ".UTF-8@", e + 6);
+        }
+
+        return strdup(name);
+}
+
+static int add_locales_from_archive(Set *locales) {
+        /* Stolen from glibc... */
+
+        struct locarhead {
+                uint32_t magic;
+                /* Serial number.  */
+                uint32_t serial;
+                /* Name hash table.  */
+                uint32_t namehash_offset;
+                uint32_t namehash_used;
+                uint32_t namehash_size;
+                /* String table.  */
+                uint32_t string_offset;
+                uint32_t string_used;
+                uint32_t string_size;
+                /* Table with locale records.  */
+                uint32_t locrectab_offset;
+                uint32_t locrectab_used;
+                uint32_t locrectab_size;
+                /* MD5 sum hash table.  */
+                uint32_t sumhash_offset;
+                uint32_t sumhash_used;
+                uint32_t sumhash_size;
+        };
+
+        struct namehashent {
+                /* Hash value of the name.  */
+                uint32_t hashval;
+                /* Offset of the name in the string table.  */
+                uint32_t name_offset;
+                /* Offset of the locale record.  */
+                uint32_t locrec_offset;
+        };
+
+        const struct locarhead *h;
+        const struct namehashent *e;
+        const void *p = MAP_FAILED;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        size_t sz = 0;
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        fd = open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (st.st_size < (off_t) sizeof(struct locarhead))
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (file_offset_beyond_memory_size(st.st_size))
+                return -EFBIG;
+
+        p = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+        if (p == MAP_FAILED)
+                return -errno;
+
+        h = (const struct locarhead *) p;
+        if (h->magic != 0xde020109 ||
+            h->namehash_offset + h->namehash_size > st.st_size ||
+            h->string_offset + h->string_size > st.st_size ||
+            h->locrectab_offset + h->locrectab_size > st.st_size ||
+            h->sumhash_offset + h->sumhash_size > st.st_size) {
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        e = (const struct namehashent*) ((const uint8_t*) p + h->namehash_offset);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < h->namehash_size; i++) {
+                char *z;
+
+                if (e[i].locrec_offset == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!utf8_is_valid((char*) p + e[i].name_offset))
+                        continue;
+
+                z = normalize_locale((char*) p + e[i].name_offset);
+                if (!z) {
+                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                r = set_consume(locales, z);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+ finish:
+        if (p != MAP_FAILED)
+                munmap((void*) p, sz);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int add_locales_from_libdir(Set *locales) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        dir = opendir("/usr/lib/locale");
+        if (!dir)
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, dir, return -errno) {
+                char *z;
+
+                if (de->d_type != DT_DIR)
+                        continue;
+
+                z = normalize_locale(de->d_name);
+                if (!z)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = set_consume(locales, z);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_locales(char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *locales = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        locales = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!locales)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = add_locales_from_archive(locales);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        r = add_locales_from_libdir(locales);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        char *locale;
+        SET_FOREACH(locale, locales) {
+                r = locale_is_installed(locale);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        free(set_remove(locales, locale));
+        }
+
+        l = set_get_strv(locales);
+        if (!l)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Now, all elements are owned by strv 'l'. Hence, do not call set_free_free(). */
+        locales = set_free(locales);
+
+        r = getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_LIST_NON_UTF8_LOCALES");
+        if (r == -ENXIO || r == 0) {
+                char **a, **b;
+
+                /* Filter out non-UTF-8 locales, because it's 2019, by default */
+                for (a = b = l; *a; a++) {
+
+                        if (endswith(*a, "UTF-8") ||
+                            strstr(*a, ".UTF-8@"))
+                                *(b++) = *a;
+                        else
+                                free(*a);
+                }
+
+                *b = NULL;
+
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_LIST_NON_UTF8_LOCALES as boolean");
+
+        strv_sort(l);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool locale_is_valid(const char *name) {
+
+        if (isempty(name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strlen(name) >= 128)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!filename_is_valid(name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!string_is_safe(name))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int locale_is_installed(const char *name) {
+        if (!locale_is_valid(name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(name, "C", "POSIX")) /* These ones are always OK */
+                return true;
+
+        _cleanup_(freelocalep) locale_t loc =
+                newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0);
+        if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
+                return errno == ENOMEM ? -ENOMEM : false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
+        const char *set;
+        static int cached_answer = -1;
+
+        /* Note that we default to 'true' here, since today UTF8 is
+         * pretty much supported everywhere. */
+
+        if (cached_answer >= 0)
+                goto out;
+
+        /* This function may be called from libsystemd, and setlocale() is not thread safe. Assuming yes. */
+        if (gettid() != raw_getpid()) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+        if (!set) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectively
+         * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
+        set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+        if (!set) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
+         * explicitly. */
+        cached_answer =
+                STR_IN_SET(set, "C", "POSIX") &&
+                !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
+                !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
+                !getenv("LANG");
+
+out:
+        return (bool) cached_answer;
+}
+
+void locale_variables_free(char *l[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX]) {
+        if (!l)
+                return;
+
+        for (LocaleVariable i = 0; i < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; i++)
+                l[i] = mfree(l[i]);
+}
+
+void locale_variables_simplify(char *l[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX]) {
+        assert(l);
+
+        for (LocaleVariable p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
+                if (p == VARIABLE_LANG)
+                        continue;
+                if (isempty(l[p]) || streq_ptr(l[VARIABLE_LANG], l[p]))
+                        l[p] = mfree(l[p]);
+        }
+}
+
+static const char * const locale_variable_table[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX] = {
+        [VARIABLE_LANG]              = "LANG",
+        [VARIABLE_LANGUAGE]          = "LANGUAGE",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_CTYPE]          = "LC_CTYPE",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_NUMERIC]        = "LC_NUMERIC",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_TIME]           = "LC_TIME",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_COLLATE]        = "LC_COLLATE",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_MONETARY]       = "LC_MONETARY",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_MESSAGES]       = "LC_MESSAGES",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_PAPER]          = "LC_PAPER",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_NAME]           = "LC_NAME",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_ADDRESS]        = "LC_ADDRESS",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_TELEPHONE]      = "LC_TELEPHONE",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_MEASUREMENT]    = "LC_MEASUREMENT",
+        [VARIABLE_LC_IDENTIFICATION] = "LC_IDENTIFICATION"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(locale_variable, LocaleVariable);
diff --git a/src/basic/locale-util.h b/src/basic/locale-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4176a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/locale-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libintl.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum LocaleVariable {
+        /* We don't list LC_ALL here on purpose. People should be
+         * using LANG instead. */
+
+        VARIABLE_LANG,
+        VARIABLE_LANGUAGE,
+        VARIABLE_LC_CTYPE,
+        VARIABLE_LC_NUMERIC,
+        VARIABLE_LC_TIME,
+        VARIABLE_LC_COLLATE,
+        VARIABLE_LC_MONETARY,
+        VARIABLE_LC_MESSAGES,
+        VARIABLE_LC_PAPER,
+        VARIABLE_LC_NAME,
+        VARIABLE_LC_ADDRESS,
+        VARIABLE_LC_TELEPHONE,
+        VARIABLE_LC_MEASUREMENT,
+        VARIABLE_LC_IDENTIFICATION,
+        _VARIABLE_LC_MAX,
+        _VARIABLE_LC_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} LocaleVariable;
+
+int get_locales(char ***l);
+bool locale_is_valid(const char *name);
+int locale_is_installed(const char *name);
+
+#define _(String) gettext(String)
+#define N_(String) String
+
+bool is_locale_utf8(void);
+
+const char* locale_variable_to_string(LocaleVariable i) _const_;
+LocaleVariable locale_variable_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+static inline void freelocalep(locale_t *p) {
+        if (*p == (locale_t) 0)
+                return;
+
+        freelocale(*p);
+}
+
+void locale_variables_free(char* l[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX]);
+static inline void locale_variables_freep(char*(*l)[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX]) {
+        locale_variables_free(*l);
+}
+void locale_variables_simplify(char *l[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX]);
diff --git a/src/basic/log.c b/src/basic/log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3162eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/signalfd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "sd-messages.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "ratelimit.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+#define SNDBUF_SIZE (8*1024*1024)
+
+static log_syntax_callback_t log_syntax_callback = NULL;
+static void *log_syntax_callback_userdata = NULL;
+
+static LogTarget log_target = LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE;
+static int log_max_level = LOG_INFO;
+static int log_facility = LOG_DAEMON;
+
+static int console_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+static int console_fd_is_tty = -1; /* tri-state: -1 means don't know */
+static int syslog_fd = -1;
+static int kmsg_fd = -1;
+static int journal_fd = -1;
+
+static bool syslog_is_stream = false;
+
+static int show_color = -1; /* tristate */
+static bool show_location = false;
+static bool show_time = false;
+static bool show_tid = false;
+
+static bool upgrade_syslog_to_journal = false;
+static bool always_reopen_console = false;
+static bool open_when_needed = false;
+static bool prohibit_ipc = false;
+
+/* Akin to glibc's __abort_msg; which is private and we hence cannot
+ * use here. */
+static char *log_abort_msg = NULL;
+
+#if LOG_MESSAGE_VERIFICATION || defined(__COVERITY__)
+bool _log_message_dummy = false; /* Always false */
+#endif
+
+/* An assert to use in logging functions that does not call recursively
+ * into our logging functions (since that might lead to a loop). */
+#define assert_raw(expr)                                                \
+        do {                                                            \
+                if (_unlikely_(!(expr))) {                              \
+                        fputs(#expr "\n", stderr);                      \
+                        abort();                                        \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+static void log_close_console(void) {
+        /* See comment in log_close_journal() */
+        (void) safe_close_above_stdio(TAKE_FD(console_fd));
+        console_fd_is_tty = -1;
+}
+
+static int log_open_console(void) {
+
+        if (!always_reopen_console) {
+                console_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+                console_fd_is_tty = -1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (console_fd < 3) {
+                int fd;
+
+                fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+
+                console_fd = fd_move_above_stdio(fd);
+                console_fd_is_tty = true;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void log_close_kmsg(void) {
+        /* See comment in log_close_journal() */
+        (void) safe_close(TAKE_FD(kmsg_fd));
+}
+
+static int log_open_kmsg(void) {
+
+        if (kmsg_fd >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        kmsg_fd = open("/dev/kmsg", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (kmsg_fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        kmsg_fd = fd_move_above_stdio(kmsg_fd);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void log_close_syslog(void) {
+        /* See comment in log_close_journal() */
+        (void) safe_close(TAKE_FD(syslog_fd));
+}
+
+static int create_log_socket(int type) {
+        struct timeval tv;
+        int fd;
+
+        fd = socket(AF_UNIX, type|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        fd = fd_move_above_stdio(fd);
+        (void) fd_inc_sndbuf(fd, SNDBUF_SIZE);
+
+        /* We need a blocking fd here since we'd otherwise lose messages way too early. However, let's not hang forever
+         * in the unlikely case of a deadlock. */
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1)
+                timeval_store(&tv, 10 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
+        else
+                timeval_store(&tv, 10 * USEC_PER_SEC);
+        (void) setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv));
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+static int log_open_syslog(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (syslog_fd >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        syslog_fd = create_log_socket(SOCK_DGRAM);
+        if (syslog_fd < 0) {
+                r = syslog_fd;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = connect_unix_path(syslog_fd, AT_FDCWD, "/dev/log");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                safe_close(syslog_fd);
+
+                /* Some legacy syslog systems still use stream sockets. They really shouldn't. But what can
+                 * we do... */
+                syslog_fd = create_log_socket(SOCK_STREAM);
+                if (syslog_fd < 0) {
+                        r = syslog_fd;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                r = connect_unix_path(syslog_fd, AT_FDCWD, "/dev/log");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+
+                syslog_is_stream = true;
+        } else
+                syslog_is_stream = false;
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        log_close_syslog();
+        return r;
+}
+
+static void log_close_journal(void) {
+        /* If the journal FD is bad, safe_close will fail, and will try to log, which will fail, so we'll
+         * try to close the journal FD, which is bad, so safe_close will fail... Whether we can close it
+         * or not, invalidate it immediately so that we don't get in a recursive loop until we run out of
+         * stack. */
+        (void) safe_close(TAKE_FD(journal_fd));
+}
+
+static int log_open_journal(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (journal_fd >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        journal_fd = create_log_socket(SOCK_DGRAM);
+        if (journal_fd < 0) {
+                r = journal_fd;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = connect_unix_path(journal_fd, AT_FDCWD, "/run/systemd/journal/socket");
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        log_close_journal();
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool stderr_is_journal(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *w = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        uint64_t dev, ino;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        e = getenv("JOURNAL_STREAM");
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        if (extract_first_word(&e, &w, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS) <= 0)
+                return false;
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        if (safe_atou64(w, &dev) < 0)
+                return false;
+        if (safe_atou64(e, &ino) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (fstat(STDERR_FILENO, &st) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        return st.st_dev == dev && st.st_ino == ino;
+}
+
+int log_open(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Do not call from library code. */
+
+        /* This function is often called in preparation for logging. Let's make sure we don't clobber errno,
+         * so that a call to a logging function immediately following a log_open() call can still easily
+         * reference an error that happened immediately before the log_open() call. */
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        /* If we don't use the console, we close it here to not get killed by SAK. If we don't use syslog, we
+         * close it here too, so that we are not confused by somebody deleting the socket in the fs, and to
+         * make sure we don't use it if prohibit_ipc is set. If we don't use /dev/kmsg we still keep it open,
+         * because there is no reason to close it. */
+
+        if (log_target == LOG_TARGET_NULL) {
+                log_close_journal();
+                log_close_syslog();
+                log_close_console();
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1 ||
+            stderr_is_journal() ||
+            IN_SET(log_target,
+                   LOG_TARGET_KMSG,
+                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL,
+                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                   LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG,
+                   LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG)) {
+
+                if (!prohibit_ipc) {
+                        if (IN_SET(log_target,
+                                   LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL)) {
+
+                                r = log_open_journal();
+                                if (r >= 0) {
+                                        log_close_syslog();
+                                        log_close_console();
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (IN_SET(log_target,
+                                   LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG,
+                                   LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG)) {
+
+                                r = log_open_syslog();
+                                if (r >= 0) {
+                                        log_close_journal();
+                                        log_close_console();
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_KMSG)) {
+                        r = log_open_kmsg();
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                log_close_journal();
+                                log_close_syslog();
+                                log_close_console();
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        log_close_journal();
+        log_close_syslog();
+
+        return log_open_console();
+}
+
+void log_set_target(LogTarget target) {
+        assert(target >= 0);
+        assert(target < _LOG_TARGET_MAX);
+
+        if (upgrade_syslog_to_journal) {
+                if (target == LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG)
+                        target = LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL;
+                else if (target == LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG)
+                        target = LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG;
+        }
+
+        log_target = target;
+}
+
+void log_close(void) {
+        /* Do not call from library code. */
+
+        log_close_journal();
+        log_close_syslog();
+        log_close_kmsg();
+        log_close_console();
+}
+
+void log_forget_fds(void) {
+        /* Do not call from library code. */
+
+        console_fd = kmsg_fd = syslog_fd = journal_fd = -1;
+        console_fd_is_tty = -1;
+}
+
+void log_set_max_level(int level) {
+        assert(level == LOG_NULL || (level & LOG_PRIMASK) == level);
+
+        log_max_level = level;
+}
+
+void log_set_facility(int facility) {
+        log_facility = facility;
+}
+
+static bool check_console_fd_is_tty(void) {
+        if (console_fd < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (console_fd_is_tty < 0)
+                console_fd_is_tty = isatty(console_fd) > 0;
+
+        return console_fd_is_tty;
+}
+
+static int write_to_console(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *buffer) {
+
+        char location[256],
+             header_time[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX],
+             prefix[1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 2],
+             tid_string[3 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1];
+        struct iovec iovec[9];
+        const char *on = NULL, *off = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        if (console_fd < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (log_target == LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE_PREFIXED) {
+                xsprintf(prefix, "<%i>", level);
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(prefix);
+        }
+
+        if (show_time &&
+            format_timestamp(header_time, sizeof(header_time), now(CLOCK_REALTIME))) {
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_time);
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(" ");
+        }
+
+        if (show_tid) {
+                xsprintf(tid_string, "(" PID_FMT ") ", gettid());
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(tid_string);
+        }
+
+        if (log_get_show_color())
+                get_log_colors(LOG_PRI(level), &on, &off, NULL);
+
+        if (show_location) {
+                const char *lon = "", *loff = "";
+                if (log_get_show_color()) {
+                        lon = ansi_highlight_yellow4();
+                        loff = ansi_normal();
+                }
+
+                (void) snprintf(location, sizeof location, "%s%s:%i%s: ", lon, file, line, loff);
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(location);
+        }
+
+        if (on)
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(on);
+        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(buffer);
+        if (off)
+                iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(off);
+
+        /* When writing to a TTY we output an extra '\r' (i.e. CR) first, to generate CRNL rather than just
+         * NL. This is a robustness thing in case the TTY is currently in raw mode (specifically: has the
+         * ONLCR flag off). We want that subsequent output definitely starts at the beginning of the line
+         * again, after all. If the TTY is not in raw mode the extra CR should not hurt. */
+        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING((check_console_fd_is_tty() ? "\r\n" : "\n"));
+
+        if (writev(console_fd, iovec, n) < 0) {
+
+                if (errno == EIO && getpid_cached() == 1) {
+
+                        /* If somebody tried to kick us from our console tty (via vhangup() or suchlike), try
+                         * to reconnect. */
+
+                        log_close_console();
+                        (void) log_open_console();
+                        if (console_fd < 0)
+                                return 0;
+
+                        if (writev(console_fd, iovec, n) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int write_to_syslog(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *buffer) {
+
+        char header_priority[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1],
+             header_time[64],
+             header_pid[4 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1];
+        time_t t;
+        struct tm tm;
+
+        if (syslog_fd < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        xsprintf(header_priority, "<%i>", level);
+
+        t = (time_t) (now(CLOCK_REALTIME) / USEC_PER_SEC);
+        if (!localtime_r(&t, &tm))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (strftime(header_time, sizeof(header_time), "%h %e %T ", &tm) <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        xsprintf(header_pid, "["PID_FMT"]: ", getpid_cached());
+
+        struct iovec iovec[] = {
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_priority),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_time),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(program_invocation_short_name),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_pid),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(buffer),
+        };
+        const struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                .msg_iov = iovec,
+                .msg_iovlen = ELEMENTSOF(iovec),
+        };
+
+        /* When using syslog via SOCK_STREAM separate the messages by NUL chars */
+        if (syslog_is_stream)
+                iovec[ELEMENTSOF(iovec) - 1].iov_len++;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                n = sendmsg(syslog_fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (!syslog_is_stream)
+                        break;
+
+                if (IOVEC_INCREMENT(iovec, ELEMENTSOF(iovec), n))
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int write_to_kmsg(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *buffer) {
+
+        /* Set a ratelimit on the amount of messages logged to /dev/kmsg. This is mostly supposed to be a
+         * safety catch for the case where start indiscriminately logging in a loop. It will not catch cases
+         * where we log excessively, but not in a tight loop.
+         *
+         * Note that this ratelimit is per-emitter, so we might still overwhelm /dev/kmsg with multiple
+         * loggers.
+         */
+        static thread_local RateLimit ratelimit = { 5 * USEC_PER_SEC, 200 };
+
+        char header_priority[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1],
+             header_pid[4 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1];
+
+        if (kmsg_fd < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!ratelimit_below(&ratelimit))
+                return 0;
+
+        xsprintf(header_priority, "<%i>", level);
+        xsprintf(header_pid, "["PID_FMT"]: ", getpid_cached());
+
+        const struct iovec iovec[] = {
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_priority),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(program_invocation_short_name),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header_pid),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(buffer),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("\n"),
+        };
+
+        if (writev(kmsg_fd, iovec, ELEMENTSOF(iovec)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int log_do_header(
+                char *header,
+                size_t size,
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file, int line, const char *func,
+                const char *object_field, const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field, const char *extra) {
+        int r;
+
+        error = IS_SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(error) ? 0 : ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        r = snprintf(header, size,
+                     "PRIORITY=%i\n"
+                     "SYSLOG_FACILITY=%i\n"
+                     "TID=" PID_FMT "\n"
+                     "%s%.256s%s"        /* CODE_FILE */
+                     "%s%.*i%s"          /* CODE_LINE */
+                     "%s%.256s%s"        /* CODE_FUNC */
+                     "%s%.*i%s"          /* ERRNO */
+                     "%s%.256s%s"        /* object */
+                     "%s%.256s%s"        /* extra */
+                     "SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=%.256s\n",
+                     LOG_PRI(level),
+                     LOG_FAC(level),
+                     gettid(),
+                     isempty(file) ? "" : "CODE_FILE=",
+                     isempty(file) ? "" : file,
+                     isempty(file) ? "" : "\n",
+                     line ? "CODE_LINE=" : "",
+                     line ? 1 : 0, line, /* %.0d means no output too, special case for 0 */
+                     line ? "\n" : "",
+                     isempty(func) ? "" : "CODE_FUNC=",
+                     isempty(func) ? "" : func,
+                     isempty(func) ? "" : "\n",
+                     error ? "ERRNO=" : "",
+                     error ? 1 : 0, error,
+                     error ? "\n" : "",
+                     isempty(object) ? "" : object_field,
+                     isempty(object) ? "" : object,
+                     isempty(object) ? "" : "\n",
+                     isempty(extra) ? "" : extra_field,
+                     isempty(extra) ? "" : extra,
+                     isempty(extra) ? "" : "\n",
+                     program_invocation_short_name);
+        assert_raw((size_t) r < size);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_to_journal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *buffer) {
+
+        char header[LINE_MAX];
+
+        if (journal_fd < 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_do_header(header, sizeof(header), level, error, file, line, func, object_field, object, extra_field, extra);
+
+        struct iovec iovec[4] = {
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("MESSAGE="),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(buffer),
+                IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("\n"),
+        };
+        const struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                .msg_iov = iovec,
+                .msg_iovlen = ELEMENTSOF(iovec),
+        };
+
+        if (sendmsg(journal_fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int log_dispatch_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                char *buffer) {
+
+        assert_raw(buffer);
+
+        if (log_target == LOG_TARGET_NULL)
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        /* Patch in LOG_DAEMON facility if necessary */
+        if ((level & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
+                level |= log_facility;
+
+        if (open_when_needed)
+                (void) log_open();
+
+        do {
+                char *e;
+                int k = 0;
+
+                buffer += strspn(buffer, NEWLINE);
+
+                if (buffer[0] == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if ((e = strpbrk(buffer, NEWLINE)))
+                        *(e++) = 0;
+
+                if (IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL)) {
+
+                        k = write_to_journal(level, error, file, line, func, object_field, object, extra_field, extra, buffer);
+                        if (k < 0 && k != -EAGAIN)
+                                log_close_journal();
+                }
+
+                if (IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG)) {
+
+                        k = write_to_syslog(level, error, file, line, func, buffer);
+                        if (k < 0 && k != -EAGAIN)
+                                log_close_syslog();
+                }
+
+                if (k <= 0 &&
+                    IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                                       LOG_TARGET_KMSG)) {
+
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                log_open_kmsg();
+
+                        k = write_to_kmsg(level, error, file, line, func, buffer);
+                        if (k < 0) {
+                                log_close_kmsg();
+                                (void) log_open_console();
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (k <= 0)
+                        (void) write_to_console(level, error, file, line, func, buffer);
+
+                buffer = e;
+        } while (buffer);
+
+        if (open_when_needed)
+                log_close();
+
+        return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+}
+
+int log_dump_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                char *buffer) {
+
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        /* This modifies the buffer... */
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level))
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        return log_dispatch_internal(level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buffer);
+}
+
+int log_internalv(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) {
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level))
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        /* Make sure that %m maps to the specified error (or "Success"). */
+        char buffer[LINE_MAX];
+        LOCAL_ERRNO(ERRNO_VALUE(error));
+
+        (void) vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, format, ap);
+
+        return log_dispatch_internal(level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buffer);
+}
+
+int log_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) {
+
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        r = log_internalv(level, error, file, line, func, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int log_object_internalv(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) {
+
+        char *buffer, *b;
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level))
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        /* Make sure that %m maps to the specified error (or "Success"). */
+        LOCAL_ERRNO(ERRNO_VALUE(error));
+
+        /* Prepend the object name before the message */
+        if (object) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                n = strlen(object);
+                buffer = newa(char, n + 2 + LINE_MAX);
+                b = stpcpy(stpcpy(buffer, object), ": ");
+        } else
+                b = buffer = newa(char, LINE_MAX);
+
+        (void) vsnprintf(b, LINE_MAX, format, ap);
+
+        return log_dispatch_internal(level, error, file, line, func,
+                                     object_field, object, extra_field, extra, buffer);
+}
+
+int log_object_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *format, ...) {
+
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        r = log_object_internalv(level, error, file, line, func, object_field, object, extra_field, extra, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static void log_assert(
+                int level,
+                const char *text,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format) {
+
+        static char buffer[LINE_MAX];
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level))
+                return;
+
+        DISABLE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL;
+        (void) snprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, format, text, file, line, func);
+        REENABLE_WARNING;
+
+        log_abort_msg = buffer;
+
+        log_dispatch_internal(level, 0, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buffer);
+}
+
+_noreturn_ void log_assert_failed(
+                const char *text,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func) {
+        log_assert(LOG_CRIT, text, file, line, func,
+                   "Assertion '%s' failed at %s:%u, function %s(). Aborting.");
+        abort();
+}
+
+_noreturn_ void log_assert_failed_unreachable(
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func) {
+        log_assert(LOG_CRIT, "Code should not be reached", file, line, func,
+                   "%s at %s:%u, function %s(). Aborting. 💥");
+        abort();
+}
+
+void log_assert_failed_return(
+                const char *text,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func) {
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+        log_assert(LOG_DEBUG, text, file, line, func,
+                   "Assertion '%s' failed at %s:%u, function %s(). Ignoring.");
+}
+
+int log_oom_internal(int level, const char *file, int line, const char *func) {
+        return log_internal(level, ENOMEM, file, line, func, "Out of memory.");
+}
+
+int log_format_iovec(
+                struct iovec *iovec,
+                size_t iovec_len,
+                size_t *n,
+                bool newline_separator,
+                int error,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) {
+
+        static const char nl = '\n';
+
+        while (format && *n + 1 < iovec_len) {
+                va_list aq;
+                char *m;
+                int r;
+
+                /* We need to copy the va_list structure,
+                 * since vasprintf() leaves it afterwards at
+                 * an undefined location */
+
+                errno = ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+                va_copy(aq, ap);
+                r = vasprintf(&m, format, aq);
+                va_end(aq);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Now, jump enough ahead, so that we point to
+                 * the next format string */
+                VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap);
+
+                iovec[(*n)++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(m);
+                if (newline_separator)
+                        iovec[(*n)++] = IOVEC_MAKE((char *)&nl, 1);
+
+                format = va_arg(ap, char *);
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int log_struct_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) {
+
+        char buf[LINE_MAX];
+        bool found = false;
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level) ||
+            log_target == LOG_TARGET_NULL)
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        if ((level & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
+                level |= log_facility;
+
+        if (IN_SET(log_target,
+                   LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                   LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL)) {
+
+                if (open_when_needed)
+                        log_open_journal();
+
+                if (journal_fd >= 0) {
+                        char header[LINE_MAX];
+                        struct iovec iovec[17];
+                        size_t n = 0;
+                        int r;
+                        bool fallback = false;
+
+                        /* If the journal is available do structured logging.
+                         * Do not report the errno if it is synthetic. */
+                        log_do_header(header, sizeof(header), level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+                        iovec[n++] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header);
+
+                        va_start(ap, format);
+                        r = log_format_iovec(iovec, ELEMENTSOF(iovec), &n, true, error, format, ap);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                fallback = true;
+                        else {
+                                const struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                                        .msg_iov = iovec,
+                                        .msg_iovlen = n,
+                                };
+
+                                (void) sendmsg(journal_fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+                        }
+
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        for (size_t i = 1; i < n; i += 2)
+                                free(iovec[i].iov_base);
+
+                        if (!fallback) {
+                                if (open_when_needed)
+                                        log_close();
+
+                                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Fallback if journal logging is not available or didn't work. */
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        while (format) {
+                va_list aq;
+
+                errno = ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+                va_copy(aq, ap);
+                (void) vsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, format, aq);
+                va_end(aq);
+
+                if (startswith(buf, "MESSAGE=")) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap);
+
+                format = va_arg(ap, char *);
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (!found) {
+                if (open_when_needed)
+                        log_close();
+
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+        }
+
+        return log_dispatch_internal(level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buf + 8);
+}
+
+int log_struct_iovec_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const struct iovec input_iovec[],
+                size_t n_input_iovec) {
+
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level) ||
+            log_target == LOG_TARGET_NULL)
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        if ((level & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
+                level |= log_facility;
+
+        if (IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_AUTO,
+                               LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+                               LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL) &&
+            journal_fd >= 0) {
+
+                char header[LINE_MAX];
+                log_do_header(header, sizeof(header), level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+                struct iovec iovec[1 + n_input_iovec*2];
+                iovec[0] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING(header);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < n_input_iovec; i++) {
+                        iovec[1+i*2] = input_iovec[i];
+                        iovec[1+i*2+1] = IOVEC_MAKE_STRING("\n");
+                }
+
+                const struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                        .msg_iov = iovec,
+                        .msg_iovlen = 1 + n_input_iovec*2,
+                };
+
+                if (sendmsg(journal_fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) >= 0)
+                        return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_input_iovec; i++)
+                if (memory_startswith(input_iovec[i].iov_base, input_iovec[i].iov_len, "MESSAGE=")) {
+                        char *m;
+
+                        m = strndupa_safe((char*) input_iovec[i].iov_base + STRLEN("MESSAGE="),
+                                          input_iovec[i].iov_len - STRLEN("MESSAGE="));
+
+                        return log_dispatch_internal(level, error, file, line, func, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, m);
+                }
+
+        /* Couldn't find MESSAGE=. */
+        return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+}
+
+int log_set_target_from_string(const char *e) {
+        LogTarget t;
+
+        t = log_target_from_string(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_set_target(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int log_set_max_level_from_string(const char *e) {
+        int t;
+
+        t = log_level_from_string(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_set_max_level(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) {
+
+        /*
+         * The systemd.log_xyz= settings are parsed by all tools, and
+         * so is "debug".
+         *
+         * However, "quiet" is only parsed by PID 1, and only turns of
+         * status output to /dev/console, but does not alter the log
+         * level.
+         */
+
+        if (streq(key, "debug") && !value)
+                log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+
+        else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_target")) {
+
+                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (log_set_target_from_string(value) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log target '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_level")) {
+
+                if (proc_cmdline_value_missing(key, value))
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (log_set_max_level_from_string(value) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log level '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_color")) {
+
+                if (log_show_color_from_string(value ?: "1") < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_location")) {
+
+                if (log_show_location_from_string(value ?: "1") < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_tid")) {
+
+                if (log_show_tid_from_string(value ?: "1") < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log tid setting '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (proc_cmdline_key_streq(key, "systemd.log_time")) {
+
+                if (log_show_time_from_string(value ?: "1") < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log time setting '%s'. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool should_parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
+        /* PID1 always reads the kernel command line. */
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1)
+                return true;
+
+        /* Otherwise, parse the commandline if invoked directly by systemd. */
+        return invoked_by_systemd();
+}
+
+void log_parse_environment_variables(void) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET");
+        if (e && log_set_target_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log target '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL");
+        if (e && log_set_max_level_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log level '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR");
+        if (e && log_show_color_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log color '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION");
+        if (e && log_show_location_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log location '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME");
+        if (e && log_show_time_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log time '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_LOG_TID");
+        if (e && log_show_tid_from_string(e) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse log tid '%s'. Ignoring.", e);
+}
+
+void log_parse_environment(void) {
+        /* Do not call from library code. */
+
+        if (should_parse_proc_cmdline())
+                (void) proc_cmdline_parse(parse_proc_cmdline_item, NULL, PROC_CMDLINE_STRIP_RD_PREFIX);
+
+        log_parse_environment_variables();
+}
+
+LogTarget log_get_target(void) {
+        return log_target;
+}
+
+void log_settle_target(void) {
+
+        /* If we're using LOG_TARGET_AUTO and opening the log again on every single log call, we'll check if
+         * stderr is attached to the journal every single log call. However, if we then close all file
+         * descriptors later, that will stop working because stderr will be closed as well. To avoid that
+         * problem, this function is used to permanently change the log target depending on whether stderr is
+         * connected to the journal or not. */
+
+        LogTarget t = log_get_target();
+
+        if (t != LOG_TARGET_AUTO)
+                return;
+
+        t = getpid_cached() == 1 || stderr_is_journal() ? (prohibit_ipc ? LOG_TARGET_KMSG : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG)
+                                                        : LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE;
+        log_set_target(t);
+}
+
+int log_get_max_level(void) {
+        return log_max_level;
+}
+
+void log_show_color(bool b) {
+        show_color = b;
+}
+
+bool log_get_show_color(void) {
+        return show_color > 0; /* Defaults to false. */
+}
+
+void log_show_location(bool b) {
+        show_location = b;
+}
+
+bool log_get_show_location(void) {
+        return show_location;
+}
+
+void log_show_time(bool b) {
+        show_time = b;
+}
+
+bool log_get_show_time(void) {
+        return show_time;
+}
+
+void log_show_tid(bool b) {
+        show_tid = b;
+}
+
+bool log_get_show_tid(void) {
+        return show_tid;
+}
+
+int log_show_color_from_string(const char *e) {
+        int t;
+
+        t = parse_boolean(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_show_color(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int log_show_location_from_string(const char *e) {
+        int t;
+
+        t = parse_boolean(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_show_location(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int log_show_time_from_string(const char *e) {
+        int t;
+
+        t = parse_boolean(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_show_time(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int log_show_tid_from_string(const char *e) {
+        int t;
+
+        t = parse_boolean(e);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return t;
+
+        log_show_tid(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool log_on_console(void) {
+        if (IN_SET(log_target, LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE,
+                               LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE_PREFIXED))
+                return true;
+
+        return syslog_fd < 0 && kmsg_fd < 0 && journal_fd < 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const log_target_table[_LOG_TARGET_MAX] = {
+        [LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE]          = "console",
+        [LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE_PREFIXED] = "console-prefixed",
+        [LOG_TARGET_KMSG]             = "kmsg",
+        [LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL]          = "journal",
+        [LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG]  = "journal-or-kmsg",
+        [LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG]           = "syslog",
+        [LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG]   = "syslog-or-kmsg",
+        [LOG_TARGET_AUTO]             = "auto",
+        [LOG_TARGET_NULL]             = "null",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_target, LogTarget);
+
+void log_received_signal(int level, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si) {
+        assert(si);
+
+        if (pid_is_valid(si->ssi_pid)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                (void) get_process_comm(si->ssi_pid, &p);
+
+                log_full(level,
+                         "Received SIG%s from PID %"PRIu32" (%s).",
+                         signal_to_string(si->ssi_signo),
+                         si->ssi_pid, strna(p));
+        } else
+                log_full(level,
+                         "Received SIG%s.",
+                         signal_to_string(si->ssi_signo));
+}
+
+void set_log_syntax_callback(log_syntax_callback_t cb, void *userdata) {
+        assert(!log_syntax_callback || !cb);
+        assert(!log_syntax_callback_userdata || !userdata);
+
+        log_syntax_callback = cb;
+        log_syntax_callback_userdata = userdata;
+}
+
+int log_syntax_internal(
+                const char *unit,
+                int level,
+                const char *config_file,
+                unsigned config_line,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) {
+
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        if (log_syntax_callback)
+                log_syntax_callback(unit, level, log_syntax_callback_userdata);
+
+        if (_likely_(LOG_PRI(level) > log_max_level) ||
+            log_target == LOG_TARGET_NULL)
+                return -ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        char buffer[LINE_MAX];
+        va_list ap;
+        const char *unit_fmt = NULL;
+
+        errno = ERRNO_VALUE(error);
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        (void) vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof buffer, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (unit)
+                unit_fmt = getpid_cached() == 1 ? "UNIT=%s" : "USER_UNIT=%s";
+
+        if (config_file) {
+                if (config_line > 0)
+                        return log_struct_internal(
+                                        level,
+                                        error,
+                                        file, line, func,
+                                        "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_STR,
+                                        "CONFIG_FILE=%s", config_file,
+                                        "CONFIG_LINE=%u", config_line,
+                                        LOG_MESSAGE("%s:%u: %s", config_file, config_line, buffer),
+                                        unit_fmt, unit,
+                                        NULL);
+                else
+                        return log_struct_internal(
+                                        level,
+                                        error,
+                                        file, line, func,
+                                        "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_STR,
+                                        "CONFIG_FILE=%s", config_file,
+                                        LOG_MESSAGE("%s: %s", config_file, buffer),
+                                        unit_fmt, unit,
+                                        NULL);
+        } else if (unit)
+                return log_struct_internal(
+                                level,
+                                error,
+                                file, line, func,
+                                "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_STR,
+                                LOG_MESSAGE("%s: %s", unit, buffer),
+                                unit_fmt, unit,
+                                NULL);
+        else
+                return log_struct_internal(
+                                level,
+                                error,
+                                file, line, func,
+                                "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_INVALID_CONFIGURATION_STR,
+                                LOG_MESSAGE("%s", buffer),
+                                NULL);
+}
+
+int log_syntax_invalid_utf8_internal(
+                const char *unit,
+                int level,
+                const char *config_file,
+                unsigned config_line,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *rvalue) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        if (rvalue)
+                p = utf8_escape_invalid(rvalue);
+
+        return log_syntax_internal(unit, level, config_file, config_line,
+                                   SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL), file, line, func,
+                                   "String is not UTF-8 clean, ignoring assignment: %s", strna(p));
+}
+
+void log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(bool b) {
+        upgrade_syslog_to_journal = b;
+
+        /* Make the change effective immediately */
+        if (b) {
+                if (log_target == LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG)
+                        log_target = LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL;
+                else if (log_target == LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG)
+                        log_target = LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG;
+        }
+}
+
+void log_set_always_reopen_console(bool b) {
+        always_reopen_console = b;
+}
+
+void log_set_open_when_needed(bool b) {
+        open_when_needed = b;
+}
+
+void log_set_prohibit_ipc(bool b) {
+        prohibit_ipc = b;
+}
+
+int log_emergency_level(void) {
+        /* Returns the log level to use for log_emergency() logging. We use LOG_EMERG only when we are PID 1, as only
+         * then the system of the whole system is obviously affected. */
+
+        return getpid_cached() == 1 ? LOG_EMERG : LOG_ERR;
+}
+
+int log_dup_console(void) {
+        int copy;
+
+        /* Duplicate the fd we use for fd logging if it's < 3 and use the copy from now on. This call is useful
+         * whenever we want to continue logging through the original fd, but want to rearrange stderr. */
+
+        if (console_fd < 0 || console_fd >= 3)
+                return 0;
+
+        copy = fcntl(console_fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+        if (copy < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        console_fd = copy;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void log_setup(void) {
+        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+        log_parse_environment();
+        (void) log_open();
+        if (log_on_console() && show_color < 0)
+                log_show_color(true);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/log.h b/src/basic/log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..560686e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "ratelimit.h"
+
+/* Some structures we reference but don't want to pull in headers for */
+struct iovec;
+struct signalfd_siginfo;
+
+typedef enum LogTarget{
+        LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE,
+        LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE_PREFIXED,
+        LOG_TARGET_KMSG,
+        LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL,
+        LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG,
+        LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG,
+        LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG,
+        LOG_TARGET_AUTO, /* console if stderr is not journal, JOURNAL_OR_KMSG otherwise */
+        LOG_TARGET_NULL,
+        _LOG_TARGET_MAX,
+        _LOG_TARGET_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} LogTarget;
+
+/* This log level disables logging completely. It can only be passed to log_set_max_level() and cannot be
+ * used a regular log level. */
+#define LOG_NULL (LOG_EMERG - 1)
+
+/* Note to readers: << and >> have lower precedence (are evaluated earlier) than & and | */
+#define SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(num)                (1 << 30 | (num))
+#define IS_SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(val)             ((val) >> 30 & 1)
+#define ERRNO_VALUE(val)                    (abs(val) & ~(1 << 30))
+
+/* The callback function to be invoked when syntax warnings are seen
+ * in the unit files. */
+typedef void (*log_syntax_callback_t)(const char *unit, int level, void *userdata);
+void set_log_syntax_callback(log_syntax_callback_t cb, void *userdata);
+
+static inline void clear_log_syntax_callback(dummy_t *dummy) {
+          set_log_syntax_callback(/* cb= */ NULL, /* userdata= */ NULL);
+}
+
+const char *log_target_to_string(LogTarget target) _const_;
+LogTarget log_target_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+void log_set_target(LogTarget target);
+int log_set_target_from_string(const char *e);
+LogTarget log_get_target(void) _pure_;
+void log_settle_target(void);
+
+void log_set_max_level(int level);
+int log_set_max_level_from_string(const char *e);
+int log_get_max_level(void) _pure_;
+
+void log_set_facility(int facility);
+
+void log_show_color(bool b);
+bool log_get_show_color(void) _pure_;
+void log_show_location(bool b);
+bool log_get_show_location(void) _pure_;
+void log_show_time(bool b);
+bool log_get_show_time(void) _pure_;
+void log_show_tid(bool b);
+bool log_get_show_tid(void) _pure_;
+
+int log_show_color_from_string(const char *e);
+int log_show_location_from_string(const char *e);
+int log_show_time_from_string(const char *e);
+int log_show_tid_from_string(const char *e);
+
+/* Functions below that open and close logs or configure logging based on the
+ * environment should not be called from library code — this is always a job
+ * for the application itself. */
+
+assert_cc(STRLEN(__FILE__) > STRLEN(RELATIVE_SOURCE_PATH) + 1);
+#define PROJECT_FILE (&__FILE__[STRLEN(RELATIVE_SOURCE_PATH) + 1])
+
+int log_open(void);
+void log_close(void);
+void log_forget_fds(void);
+
+void log_parse_environment_variables(void);
+void log_parse_environment(void);
+
+int log_dispatch_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                char *buffer);
+
+int log_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) _printf_(6,7);
+
+int log_internalv(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) _printf_(6,0);
+
+int log_object_internalv(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) _printf_(10,0);
+
+int log_object_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *object_field,
+                const char *object,
+                const char *extra_field,
+                const char *extra,
+                const char *format, ...) _printf_(10,11);
+
+int log_struct_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) _printf_(6,0) _sentinel_;
+
+int log_oom_internal(
+                int level,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func);
+
+int log_format_iovec(
+                struct iovec *iovec,
+                size_t iovec_len,
+                size_t *n,
+                bool newline_separator,
+                int error,
+                const char *format,
+                va_list ap) _printf_(6, 0);
+
+int log_struct_iovec_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const struct iovec *input_iovec,
+                size_t n_input_iovec);
+
+/* This modifies the buffer passed! */
+int log_dump_internal(
+                int level,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                char *buffer);
+
+/* Logging for various assertions */
+_noreturn_ void log_assert_failed(
+                const char *text,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func);
+
+_noreturn_ void log_assert_failed_unreachable(
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func);
+
+void log_assert_failed_return(
+                const char *text,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func);
+
+#define log_dispatch(level, error, buffer)                              \
+        log_dispatch_internal(level, error, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, buffer)
+
+/* Logging with level */
+#define log_full_errno_zerook(level, error, ...)                        \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _level = (level), _e = (error);                     \
+                _e = (log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(_level))           \
+                        ? log_internal(_level, _e, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, __VA_ARGS__) \
+                        : -ERRNO_VALUE(_e);                             \
+                _e < 0 ? _e : -ESTRPIPE;                                \
+        })
+
+#if BUILD_MODE_DEVELOPER && !defined(TEST_CODE)
+#  define ASSERT_NON_ZERO(x) assert((x) != 0)
+#else
+#  define ASSERT_NON_ZERO(x)
+#endif
+
+#define log_full_errno(level, error, ...)                               \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _error = (error);                                   \
+                ASSERT_NON_ZERO(_error);                                \
+                log_full_errno_zerook(level, _error, __VA_ARGS__);      \
+        })
+
+#define log_full(level, fmt, ...)                                      \
+        ({                                                             \
+                if (BUILD_MODE_DEVELOPER)                              \
+                        assert(!strstr(fmt, "%m"));                    \
+                (void) log_full_errno_zerook(level, 0, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+        })
+
+int log_emergency_level(void);
+
+/* Normal logging */
+#define log_debug(...)     log_full(LOG_DEBUG,   __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_info(...)      log_full(LOG_INFO,    __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_notice(...)    log_full(LOG_NOTICE,  __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_warning(...)   log_full(LOG_WARNING, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_error(...)     log_full(LOG_ERR,     __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_emergency(...) log_full(log_emergency_level(), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* Logging triggered by an errno-like error */
+#define log_debug_errno(error, ...)     log_full_errno(LOG_DEBUG,   error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_info_errno(error, ...)      log_full_errno(LOG_INFO,    error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_notice_errno(error, ...)    log_full_errno(LOG_NOTICE,  error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_warning_errno(error, ...)   log_full_errno(LOG_WARNING, error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_error_errno(error, ...)     log_full_errno(LOG_ERR,     error, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_emergency_errno(error, ...) log_full_errno(log_emergency_level(), error, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* This logs at the specified level the first time it is called, and then
+ * logs at debug. If the specified level is debug, this logs only the first
+ * time it is called. */
+#define log_once(level, ...)                                             \
+        ({                                                               \
+                if (ONCE)                                                \
+                        log_full(level, __VA_ARGS__);                    \
+                else if (LOG_PRI(level) != LOG_DEBUG)                    \
+                        log_debug(__VA_ARGS__);                          \
+        })
+
+#define log_once_errno(level, error, ...)                                \
+        ({                                                               \
+                int _err = (error);                                      \
+                if (ONCE)                                                \
+                        _err = log_full_errno(level, _err, __VA_ARGS__); \
+                else if (LOG_PRI(level) != LOG_DEBUG)                    \
+                        _err = log_debug_errno(_err, __VA_ARGS__);       \
+                else                                                     \
+                        _err = -ERRNO_VALUE(_err);                       \
+                _err;                                                    \
+        })
+
+#if LOG_TRACE
+#  define log_trace(...)          log_debug(__VA_ARGS__)
+#  define log_trace_errno(...)    log_debug_errno(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#  define log_trace(...)          do {} while (0)
+#  define log_trace_errno(e, ...) (-ERRNO_VALUE(e))
+#endif
+
+/* Structured logging */
+#define log_struct_errno(level, error, ...)                             \
+        log_struct_internal(level, error, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+#define log_struct(level, ...) log_struct_errno(level, 0, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define log_struct_iovec_errno(level, error, iovec, n_iovec)            \
+        log_struct_iovec_internal(level, error, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, iovec, n_iovec)
+#define log_struct_iovec(level, iovec, n_iovec) log_struct_iovec_errno(level, 0, iovec, n_iovec)
+
+/* This modifies the buffer passed! */
+#define log_dump(level, buffer)                                         \
+        log_dump_internal(level, 0, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, buffer)
+
+#define log_oom() log_oom_internal(LOG_ERR, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__)
+#define log_oom_debug() log_oom_internal(LOG_DEBUG, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__)
+
+bool log_on_console(void) _pure_;
+
+/* Helper to wrap the main message in structured logging. The macro doesn't do much,
+ * except to provide visual grouping of the format string and its arguments. */
+#if LOG_MESSAGE_VERIFICATION || defined(__COVERITY__)
+/* Do a fake formatting of the message string to let the scanner verify the arguments against the format
+ * message. The variable will never be set to true, but we don't tell the compiler that :) */
+extern bool _log_message_dummy;
+#  define LOG_MESSAGE(fmt, ...) "MESSAGE=%.0d" fmt, (_log_message_dummy && printf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)), ##__VA_ARGS__
+#else
+#  define LOG_MESSAGE(fmt, ...) "MESSAGE=" fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__
+#endif
+
+void log_received_signal(int level, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si);
+
+/* If turned on, any requests for a log target involving "syslog" will be implicitly upgraded to the equivalent journal target */
+void log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(bool b);
+
+/* If turned on, and log_open() is called, we'll not use STDERR_FILENO for logging ever, but rather open /dev/console */
+void log_set_always_reopen_console(bool b);
+
+/* If turned on, we'll open the log stream implicitly if needed on each individual log call. This is normally not
+ * desired as we want to reuse our logging streams. It is useful however  */
+void log_set_open_when_needed(bool b);
+
+/* If turned on, then we'll never use IPC-based logging, i.e. never log to syslog or the journal. We'll only log to
+ * stderr, the console or kmsg */
+void log_set_prohibit_ipc(bool b);
+
+int log_dup_console(void);
+
+int log_syntax_internal(
+                const char *unit,
+                int level,
+                const char *config_file,
+                unsigned config_line,
+                int error,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *format, ...) _printf_(9, 10);
+
+int log_syntax_invalid_utf8_internal(
+                const char *unit,
+                int level,
+                const char *config_file,
+                unsigned config_line,
+                const char *file,
+                int line,
+                const char *func,
+                const char *rvalue);
+
+#define log_syntax(unit, level, config_file, config_line, error, ...)   \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _level = (level), _e = (error);                     \
+                (log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(_level))                \
+                        ? log_syntax_internal(unit, _level, config_file, config_line, _e, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, __VA_ARGS__) \
+                        : -ERRNO_VALUE(_e);                             \
+        })
+
+#define log_syntax_invalid_utf8(unit, level, config_file, config_line, rvalue) \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _level = (level);                                   \
+                (log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(_level))                \
+                        ? log_syntax_invalid_utf8_internal(unit, _level, config_file, config_line, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, rvalue) \
+                        : -EINVAL;                                      \
+        })
+
+#define DEBUG_LOGGING _unlikely_(log_get_max_level() >= LOG_DEBUG)
+
+void log_setup(void);
+
+typedef struct LogRateLimit {
+        int error;
+        int level;
+        RateLimit ratelimit;
+} LogRateLimit;
+
+#define log_ratelimit_internal(_level, _error, _format, _file, _line, _func, ...)        \
+({                                                                              \
+        int _log_ratelimit_error = (_error);                                    \
+        int _log_ratelimit_level = (_level);                                    \
+        static LogRateLimit _log_ratelimit = {                                  \
+                .ratelimit = {                                                  \
+                        .interval = 1 * USEC_PER_SEC,                           \
+                        .burst = 1,                                             \
+                },                                                              \
+        };                                                                      \
+        unsigned _num_dropped_errors = ratelimit_num_dropped(&_log_ratelimit.ratelimit); \
+        if (_log_ratelimit_error != _log_ratelimit.error || _log_ratelimit_level != _log_ratelimit.level) { \
+                ratelimit_reset(&_log_ratelimit.ratelimit);                     \
+                _log_ratelimit.error = _log_ratelimit_error;                    \
+                _log_ratelimit.level = _log_ratelimit_level;                    \
+        }                                                                       \
+        if (ratelimit_below(&_log_ratelimit.ratelimit))                         \
+                _log_ratelimit_error = _num_dropped_errors > 0                  \
+                ? log_internal(_log_ratelimit_level, _log_ratelimit_error, _file, _line, _func, _format " (Dropped %u similar message(s))", __VA_ARGS__, _num_dropped_errors) \
+                : log_internal(_log_ratelimit_level, _log_ratelimit_error, _file, _line, _func, _format, __VA_ARGS__); \
+        _log_ratelimit_error;                                                   \
+})
+
+#define log_ratelimit_full_errno(level, error, format, ...)             \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int _level = (level), _e = (error);                     \
+                _e = (log_get_max_level() >= LOG_PRI(_level))           \
+                        ? log_ratelimit_internal(_level, _e, format, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __func__, __VA_ARGS__) \
+                        : -ERRNO_VALUE(_e);                             \
+                _e < 0 ? _e : -ESTRPIPE;                                \
+        })
diff --git a/src/basic/login-util.c b/src/basic/login-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044e8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/login-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "login-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+bool session_id_valid(const char *id) {
+
+        if (isempty(id))
+                return false;
+
+        return id[strspn(id, LETTERS DIGITS)] == '\0';
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/login-util.h b/src/basic/login-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..841fd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/login-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define SD_LOGIND_ROOT_CHECK_INHIBITORS           (UINT64_C(1) << 0)
+#define SD_LOGIND_REBOOT_VIA_KEXEC                (UINT64_C(1) << 1)
+
+/* For internal use only */
+#define SD_LOGIND_INTERACTIVE                     (UINT64_C(1) << 63)
+
+#define SD_LOGIND_SHUTDOWN_AND_SLEEP_FLAGS_PUBLIC (SD_LOGIND_ROOT_CHECK_INHIBITORS|SD_LOGIND_REBOOT_VIA_KEXEC)
+#define SD_LOGIND_SHUTDOWN_AND_SLEEP_FLAGS_ALL    (SD_LOGIND_SHUTDOWN_AND_SLEEP_FLAGS_PUBLIC|SD_LOGIND_INTERACTIVE)
+
+bool session_id_valid(const char *id);
+
+static inline bool logind_running(void) {
+        return access("/run/systemd/seats/", F_OK) >= 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/macro.h b/src/basic/macro.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2671c6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/macro.h
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro-fundamental.h"
+
+#if !defined(HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER)
+#  if defined(__has_feature)
+#    if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#      define HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER 1
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#  if !defined(HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER)
+#    define HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER)
+#  ifdef __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
+#      define HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER 1
+#  elif defined(__has_feature)
+#    if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#      define HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER 1
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#  if !defined(HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER)
+#    define HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/* Note: on GCC "no_sanitize_address" is a function attribute only, on llvm it may also be applied to global
+ * variables. We define a specific macro which knows this. Note that on GCC we don't need this decorator so much, since
+ * our primary usecase for this attribute is registration structures placed in named ELF sections which shall not be
+ * padded, but GCC doesn't pad those anyway if AddressSanitizer is enabled. */
+#if HAS_FEATURE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER && defined(__clang__)
+#define _variable_no_sanitize_address_ __attribute__((__no_sanitize_address__))
+#else
+#define _variable_no_sanitize_address_
+#endif
+
+/* Apparently there's no has_feature() call defined to check for ubsan, hence let's define this
+ * unconditionally on llvm */
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define _function_no_sanitize_float_cast_overflow_ __attribute__((no_sanitize("float-cast-overflow")))
+#else
+#define _function_no_sanitize_float_cast_overflow_
+#endif
+
+/* Temporarily disable some warnings */
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS                         \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"")
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_FORMAT_NONLITERAL                               \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wformat-nonliteral\"")
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_MISSING_PROTOTYPES                              \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-prototypes\"")
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_NONNULL                                         \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wnonnull\"")
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_SHADOW                                          \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wshadow\"")
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_INCOMPATIBLE_POINTER_TYPES                      \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wincompatible-pointer-types\"")
+
+#if HAVE_WSTRINGOP_TRUNCATION
+#  define DISABLE_WARNING_STRINGOP_TRUNCATION                           \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wstringop-truncation\"")
+#else
+#  define DISABLE_WARNING_STRINGOP_TRUNCATION                           \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+#endif
+
+#define DISABLE_WARNING_TYPE_LIMITS \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push");                                 \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wtype-limits\"")
+
+#define REENABLE_WARNING                                                \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+
+/* automake test harness */
+#define EXIT_TEST_SKIP 77
+
+/* builtins */
+#if __SIZEOF_INT__ == 4
+#define BUILTIN_FFS_U32(x) __builtin_ffs(x);
+#elif __SIZEOF_LONG__ == 4
+#define BUILTIN_FFS_U32(x) __builtin_ffsl(x);
+#else
+#error "neither int nor long are four bytes long?!?"
+#endif
+
+/* align to next higher power-of-2 (except for: 0 => 0, overflow => 0) */
+static inline unsigned long ALIGN_POWER2(unsigned long u) {
+
+        /* Avoid subtraction overflow */
+        if (u == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* clz(0) is undefined */
+        if (u == 1)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* left-shift overflow is undefined */
+        if (__builtin_clzl(u - 1UL) < 1)
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1UL << (sizeof(u) * 8 - __builtin_clzl(u - 1UL));
+}
+
+static inline size_t GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(size_t l) {
+        size_t m;
+
+        /* Round up allocation sizes a bit to some reasonable, likely larger value. This is supposed to be
+         * used for cases which are likely called in an allocation loop of some form, i.e. that repetitively
+         * grow stuff, for example strv_extend() and suchlike.
+         *
+         * Note the difference to GREEDY_REALLOC() here, as this helper operates on a single size value only,
+         * and rounds up to next multiple of 2, needing no further counter.
+         *
+         * Note the benefits of direct ALIGN_POWER2() usage: type-safety for size_t, sane handling for very
+         * small (i.e. <= 2) and safe handling for very large (i.e. > SSIZE_MAX) values. */
+
+        if (l <= 2)
+                return 2; /* Never allocate less than 2 of something.  */
+
+        m = ALIGN_POWER2(l);
+        if (m == 0) /* overflow? */
+                return l;
+
+        return m;
+}
+
+/*
+ * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
+ * @ptr: the pointer to the member.
+ * @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
+ * @member: the name of the member within the struct.
+ */
+#define container_of(ptr, type, member) __container_of(UNIQ, (ptr), type, member)
+#define __container_of(uniq, ptr, type, member)                         \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const typeof( ((type*)0)->member ) *UNIQ_T(A, uniq) = (ptr); \
+                (type*)( (char *)UNIQ_T(A, uniq) - offsetof(type, member) ); \
+        })
+
+#ifdef __COVERITY__
+
+/* Use special definitions of assertion macros in order to prevent
+ * false positives of ASSERT_SIDE_EFFECT on Coverity static analyzer
+ * for uses of assert_se() and assert_return().
+ *
+ * These definitions make expression go through a (trivial) function
+ * call to ensure they are not discarded. Also use ! or !! to ensure
+ * the boolean expressions are seen as such.
+ *
+ * This technique has been described and recommended in:
+ * https://community.synopsys.com/s/question/0D534000046Yuzb/suppressing-assertsideeffect-for-functions-that-allow-for-sideeffects
+ */
+
+extern void __coverity_panic__(void);
+
+static inline void __coverity_check__(int condition) {
+        if (!condition)
+                __coverity_panic__();
+}
+
+static inline int __coverity_check_and_return__(int condition) {
+        return condition;
+}
+
+#define assert_message_se(expr, message) __coverity_check__(!!(expr))
+
+#define assert_log(expr, message) __coverity_check_and_return__(!!(expr))
+
+#else  /* ! __COVERITY__ */
+
+#define assert_message_se(expr, message)                                \
+        do {                                                            \
+                if (_unlikely_(!(expr)))                                \
+                        log_assert_failed(message, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__); \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define assert_log(expr, message) ((_likely_(expr))                     \
+        ? (true)                                                        \
+        : (log_assert_failed_return(message, PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__), false))
+
+#endif  /* __COVERITY__ */
+
+#define assert_se(expr) assert_message_se(expr, #expr)
+
+/* We override the glibc assert() here. */
+#undef assert
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define assert(expr) ({ if (!(expr)) __builtin_unreachable(); })
+#else
+#define assert(expr) assert_message_se(expr, #expr)
+#endif
+
+#define assert_not_reached()                                            \
+        log_assert_failed_unreachable(PROJECT_FILE, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__)
+
+#define assert_return(expr, r)                                          \
+        do {                                                            \
+                if (!assert_log(expr, #expr))                           \
+                        return (r);                                     \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define assert_return_errno(expr, r, err)                               \
+        do {                                                            \
+                if (!assert_log(expr, #expr)) {                         \
+                        errno = err;                                    \
+                        return (r);                                     \
+                }                                                       \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define return_with_errno(r, err)                     \
+        do {                                          \
+                errno = abs(err);                     \
+                return r;                             \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define PTR_TO_INT(p) ((int) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_UINT(p) ((unsigned) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define PTR_TO_LONG(p) ((long) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define LONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_ULONG(p) ((unsigned long) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define ULONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define PTR_TO_UINT8(p) ((uint8_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT8_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define PTR_TO_INT32(p) ((int32_t) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_UINT32(p) ((uint32_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define PTR_TO_INT64(p) ((int64_t) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT64_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_UINT64(p) ((uint64_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT64_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define PTR_TO_SIZE(p) ((size_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define SIZE_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+
+#define CHAR_TO_STR(x) ((char[2]) { x, 0 })
+
+#define char_array_0(x) x[sizeof(x)-1] = 0;
+
+#define sizeof_field(struct_type, member) sizeof(((struct_type *) 0)->member)
+
+/* Maximum buffer size needed for formatting an unsigned integer type as hex, including space for '0x'
+ * prefix and trailing NUL suffix. */
+#define HEXADECIMAL_STR_MAX(type) (2 + sizeof(type) * 2 + 1)
+
+/* Returns the number of chars needed to format variables of the specified type as a decimal string. Adds in
+ * extra space for a negative '-' prefix for signed types. Includes space for the trailing NUL. */
+#define DECIMAL_STR_MAX(type)                                           \
+        ((size_t) IS_SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPE(type) + 1U +                   \
+            (sizeof(type) <= 1 ? 3U :                                   \
+             sizeof(type) <= 2 ? 5U :                                   \
+             sizeof(type) <= 4 ? 10U :                                  \
+             sizeof(type) <= 8 ? (IS_SIGNED_INTEGER_TYPE(type) ? 19U : 20U) : sizeof(int[-2*(sizeof(type) > 8)])))
+
+/* Returns the number of chars needed to format the specified integer value. It's hence more specific than
+ * DECIMAL_STR_MAX() which answers the same question for all possible values of the specified type. Does
+ * *not* include space for a trailing NUL. (If you wonder why we special case _x_ == 0 here: it's to trick
+ * out gcc's -Wtype-limits, which would complain on comparing an unsigned type with < 0, otherwise. By
+ * special-casing == 0 here first, we can use <= 0 instead of < 0 to trick out gcc.) */
+#define DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(x)                                      \
+        ({                                                        \
+                typeof(x) _x_ = (x);                              \
+                size_t ans;                                       \
+                if (_x_ == 0)                                     \
+                        ans = 1;                                  \
+                else {                                            \
+                        ans = _x_ <= 0 ? 2 : 1;                   \
+                        while ((_x_ /= 10) != 0)                  \
+                                ans++;                            \
+                }                                                 \
+                ans;                                              \
+        })
+
+#define SWAP_TWO(x, y) do {                        \
+                typeof(x) _t = (x);                \
+                (x) = (y);                         \
+                (y) = (_t);                        \
+        } while (false)
+
+#define STRV_MAKE(...) ((char**) ((const char*[]) { __VA_ARGS__, NULL }))
+#define STRV_MAKE_EMPTY ((char*[1]) { NULL })
+#define STRV_MAKE_CONST(...) ((const char* const*) ((const char*[]) { __VA_ARGS__, NULL }))
+
+/* Pointers range from NULL to POINTER_MAX */
+#define POINTER_MAX ((void*) UINTPTR_MAX)
+
+/* Iterates through a specified list of pointers. Accepts NULL pointers, but uses POINTER_MAX as internal marker for EOL. */
+#define FOREACH_POINTER(p, x, ...)                                                       \
+        for (typeof(p) *_l = (typeof(p)[]) { ({ p = x; }), ##__VA_ARGS__, POINTER_MAX }; \
+             p != (typeof(p)) POINTER_MAX;                                               \
+             p = *(++_l))
+
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(name, type, func)             \
+        static inline void name(type *p) {                      \
+                func(p);                                        \
+        }
+
+/* When func() returns the void value (NULL, -1, …) of the appropriate type */
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(type, func)                 \
+        static inline void func##p(type *p) {                   \
+                if (*p)                                         \
+                        *p = func(*p);                          \
+        }
+
+/* When func() doesn't return the appropriate type, set variable to empty afterwards */
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC_FULL(type, func, empty)     \
+        static inline void func##p(type *p) {                   \
+                if (*p != (empty)) {                            \
+                        func(*p);                               \
+                        *p = (empty);                           \
+                }                                               \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name, scope)             \
+        scope type *name##_ref(type *p) {                       \
+                if (!p)                                         \
+                        return NULL;                            \
+                                                                \
+                /* For type check. */                           \
+                unsigned *q = &p->n_ref;                        \
+                assert(*q > 0);                                 \
+                assert_se(*q < UINT_MAX);                       \
+                                                                \
+                (*q)++;                                         \
+                return p;                                       \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func, scope) \
+        scope type *name##_unref(type *p) {                      \
+                if (!p)                                          \
+                        return NULL;                             \
+                                                                 \
+                assert(p->n_ref > 0);                            \
+                p->n_ref--;                                      \
+                if (p->n_ref > 0)                                \
+                        return NULL;                             \
+                                                                 \
+                return free_func(p);                             \
+        }
+
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name)     \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name,)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name)     \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name, static)
+#define DEFINE_PUBLIC_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name)      \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name, _public_)
+
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)        \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func,)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)        \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func, static)
+#define DEFINE_PUBLIC_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)         \
+        _DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func, _public_)
+
+#define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)    \
+        DEFINE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name);                    \
+        DEFINE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func);
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_TRIVIAL_REF_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)    \
+        DEFINE_PRIVATE_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name);                    \
+        DEFINE_PRIVATE_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func);
+
+#define DEFINE_PUBLIC_TRIVIAL_REF_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func)    \
+        DEFINE_PUBLIC_TRIVIAL_REF_FUNC(type, name);                    \
+        DEFINE_PUBLIC_TRIVIAL_UNREF_FUNC(type, name, free_func);
+
+/* A macro to force copying of a variable from memory. This is useful whenever we want to read something from
+ * memory and want to make sure the compiler won't optimize away the destination variable for us. It's not
+ * supposed to be a full CPU memory barrier, i.e. CPU is still allowed to reorder the reads, but it is not
+ * allowed to remove our local copies of the variables. We want this to work for unaligned memory, hence
+ * memcpy() is great for our purposes. */
+#define READ_NOW(x)                                                     \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(x) _copy;                                        \
+                memcpy(&_copy, &(x), sizeof(_copy));                    \
+                asm volatile ("" : : : "memory");                       \
+                _copy;                                                  \
+        })
+
+#define saturate_add(x, y, limit)                                       \
+        ({                                                              \
+                typeof(limit) _x = (x);                                 \
+                typeof(limit) _y = (y);                                 \
+                _x > (limit) || _y >= (limit) - _x ? (limit) : _x + _y; \
+        })
+
+static inline size_t size_add(size_t x, size_t y) {
+        return saturate_add(x, y, SIZE_MAX);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+        int _empty[0];
+} dummy_t;
+
+assert_cc(sizeof(dummy_t) == 0);
+
+/* A little helper for subtracting 1 off a pointer in a safe UB-free way. This is intended to be used for for
+ * loops that count down from a high pointer until some base. A naive loop would implement this like this:
+ *
+ * for (p = end-1; p >= base; p--) …
+ *
+ * But this is not safe because p before the base is UB in C. With this macro the loop becomes this instead:
+ *
+ * for (p = PTR_SUB1(end, base); p; p = PTR_SUB1(p, base)) …
+ *
+ * And is free from UB! */
+#define PTR_SUB1(p, base)                                \
+        ({                                               \
+                typeof(p) _q = (p);                      \
+                _q && _q > (base) ? &_q[-1] : NULL;      \
+        })
+
+#include "log.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/math-util.h b/src/basic/math-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24023cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/math-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* On some optimization level, iszero(x) is converted to (x == 0.0), and emits warning -Wfloat-equal.
+ * The argument must be a floating point, i.e. one of float, double, or long double. */
+#define iszero_safe(x) (fpclassify(x) == FP_ZERO)
+
+/* To avoid x == y and triggering compile warning -Wfloat-equal. This returns false if one of the argument is
+ * NaN or infinity. One of the argument must be a floating point. */
+#define fp_equal(x, y) iszero_safe((x) - (y))
diff --git a/src/basic/memfd-util.c b/src/basic/memfd-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f05fb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/memfd-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_LINUX_MEMFD_H
+#include <linux/memfd.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memfd-util.h"
+#include "missing_fcntl.h"
+#include "missing_mman.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+int memfd_new(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *g = NULL;
+
+        if (!name) {
+                char pr[17] = {};
+
+                /* If no name is specified we generate one. We include
+                 * a hint indicating our library implementation, and
+                 * add the thread name to it */
+
+                assert_se(prctl(PR_GET_NAME, (unsigned long) pr) >= 0);
+
+                if (isempty(pr))
+                        name = "sd";
+                else {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+                        e = utf8_escape_invalid(pr);
+                        if (!e)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        g = strjoin("sd-", e);
+                        if (!g)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        name = g;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_CLOEXEC));
+}
+
+int memfd_map(int fd, uint64_t offset, size_t size, void **p) {
+        void *q;
+        int sealed;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(size > 0);
+        assert(p);
+
+        sealed = memfd_get_sealed(fd);
+        if (sealed < 0)
+                return sealed;
+
+        if (sealed)
+                q = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, offset);
+        else
+                q = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, offset);
+        if (q == MAP_FAILED)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *p = q;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int memfd_set_sealed(int fd) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SEAL));
+}
+
+int memfd_get_sealed(int fd) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return r == (F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SEAL);
+}
+
+int memfd_get_size(int fd, uint64_t *sz) {
+        struct stat stat;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(sz);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &stat) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *sz = stat.st_size;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int memfd_set_size(int fd, uint64_t sz) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(ftruncate(fd, sz));
+}
+
+int memfd_new_and_map(const char *name, size_t sz, void **p) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(sz > 0);
+        assert(p);
+
+        fd = memfd_new(name);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        r = memfd_set_size(fd, sz);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = memfd_map(fd, 0, sz, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/memfd-util.h b/src/basic/memfd-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8596c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/memfd-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+int memfd_new(const char *name);
+int memfd_new_and_map(const char *name, size_t sz, void **p);
+
+int memfd_map(int fd, uint64_t offset, size_t size, void **p);
+
+int memfd_set_sealed(int fd);
+int memfd_get_sealed(int fd);
+
+int memfd_get_size(int fd, uint64_t *sz);
+int memfd_set_size(int fd, uint64_t sz);
diff --git a/src/basic/memory-util.c b/src/basic/memory-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84b5b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/memory-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+
+size_t page_size(void) {
+        static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
+        long r;
+
+        if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
+                return pgsz;
+
+        r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+        assert(r > 0);
+
+        pgsz = (size_t) r;
+        return pgsz;
+}
+
+bool memeqbyte(uint8_t byte, const void *data, size_t length) {
+        /* Does the buffer consist entirely of the same specific byte value?
+         * Copied from https://github.com/systemd/casync/, copied in turn from
+         * https://github.com/rustyrussell/ccan/blob/master/ccan/mem/mem.c#L92,
+         * which is licensed CC-0.
+         */
+
+        const uint8_t *p = data;
+
+        /* Check first 16 bytes manually */
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++, length--) {
+                if (length == 0)
+                        return true;
+                if (p[i] != byte)
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        /* Now we know first 16 bytes match, memcmp() with self.  */
+        return memcmp(data, p + 16, length) == 0;
+}
+
+#if !HAVE_EXPLICIT_BZERO
+/*
+ * The pointer to memset() is volatile so that compiler must de-reference the pointer and can't assume that
+ * it points to any function in particular (such as memset(), which it then might further "optimize"). This
+ * approach is inspired by openssl's crypto/mem_clr.c.
+ */
+typedef void *(*memset_t)(void *,int,size_t);
+
+static volatile memset_t memset_func = memset;
+
+void* explicit_bzero_safe(void *p, size_t l) {
+        if (l > 0)
+                memset_func(p, '\0', l);
+
+        return p;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/memory-util.h b/src/basic/memory-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e3280b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/memory-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+size_t page_size(void) _pure_;
+#define PAGE_ALIGN(l) ALIGN_TO((l), page_size())
+#define PAGE_ALIGN_DOWN(l) ((l) & ~(page_size() - 1))
+#define PAGE_OFFSET(l) ((l) & (page_size() - 1))
+
+/* Normal memcpy() requires src to be nonnull. We do nothing if n is 0. */
+static inline void *memcpy_safe(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n) {
+        if (n == 0)
+                return dst;
+        assert(src);
+        return memcpy(dst, src, n);
+}
+
+/* Normal mempcpy() requires src to be nonnull. We do nothing if n is 0. */
+static inline void *mempcpy_safe(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n) {
+        if (n == 0)
+                return dst;
+        assert(src);
+        return mempcpy(dst, src, n);
+}
+
+/* Normal memcmp() requires s1 and s2 to be nonnull. We do nothing if n is 0. */
+static inline int memcmp_safe(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n) {
+        if (n == 0)
+                return 0;
+        assert(s1);
+        assert(s2);
+        return memcmp(s1, s2, n);
+}
+
+/* Compare s1 (length n1) with s2 (length n2) in lexicographic order. */
+static inline int memcmp_nn(const void *s1, size_t n1, const void *s2, size_t n2) {
+        return memcmp_safe(s1, s2, MIN(n1, n2))
+            ?: CMP(n1, n2);
+}
+
+#define memzero(x,l)                                            \
+        ({                                                      \
+                size_t _l_ = (l);                               \
+                if (_l_ > 0)                                    \
+                        memset(x, 0, _l_);                      \
+        })
+
+#define zero(x) (memzero(&(x), sizeof(x)))
+
+bool memeqbyte(uint8_t byte, const void *data, size_t length);
+
+#define memeqzero(data, length) memeqbyte(0x00, data, length)
+
+#define eqzero(x) memeqzero(x, sizeof(x))
+
+static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
+        memset(s, c, n);
+        return (uint8_t*)s + n;
+}
+
+/* Normal memmem() requires haystack to be nonnull, which is annoying for zero-length buffers */
+static inline void *memmem_safe(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen, const void *needle, size_t needlelen) {
+
+        if (needlelen <= 0)
+                return (void*) haystack;
+
+        if (haystacklen < needlelen)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(haystack);
+        assert(needle);
+
+        return memmem(haystack, haystacklen, needle, needlelen);
+}
+
+static inline void *mempmem_safe(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen, const void *needle, size_t needlelen) {
+        const uint8_t *p;
+
+        p = memmem_safe(haystack, haystacklen, needle, needlelen);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return (uint8_t*) p + needlelen;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_EXPLICIT_BZERO
+static inline void* explicit_bzero_safe(void *p, size_t l) {
+        if (l > 0)
+                explicit_bzero(p, l);
+
+        return p;
+}
+#else
+void *explicit_bzero_safe(void *p, size_t l);
+#endif
+
+static inline void* erase_and_free(void *p) {
+        size_t l;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        l = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(p);
+        explicit_bzero_safe(p, l);
+        return mfree(p);
+}
+
+static inline void erase_and_freep(void *p) {
+        erase_and_free(*(void**) p);
+}
+
+/* Use with _cleanup_ to erase a single 'char' when leaving scope */
+static inline void erase_char(char *p) {
+        explicit_bzero_safe(p, sizeof(char));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/mempool.c b/src/basic/mempool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fff23fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mempool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "mempool.h"
+
+struct pool {
+        struct pool *next;
+        size_t n_tiles;
+        size_t n_used;
+};
+
+void* mempool_alloc_tile(struct mempool *mp) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        /* When a tile is released we add it to the list and simply
+         * place the next pointer at its offset 0. */
+
+        assert(mp->tile_size >= sizeof(void*));
+        assert(mp->at_least > 0);
+
+        if (mp->freelist) {
+                void *r;
+
+                r = mp->freelist;
+                mp->freelist = * (void**) mp->freelist;
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (_unlikely_(!mp->first_pool) ||
+            _unlikely_(mp->first_pool->n_used >= mp->first_pool->n_tiles)) {
+                size_t size, n;
+                struct pool *p;
+
+                n = mp->first_pool ? mp->first_pool->n_tiles : 0;
+                n = MAX(mp->at_least, n * 2);
+                size = PAGE_ALIGN(ALIGN(sizeof(struct pool)) + n*mp->tile_size);
+                n = (size - ALIGN(sizeof(struct pool))) / mp->tile_size;
+
+                p = malloc(size);
+                if (!p)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                p->next = mp->first_pool;
+                p->n_tiles = n;
+                p->n_used = 0;
+
+                mp->first_pool = p;
+        }
+
+        i = mp->first_pool->n_used++;
+
+        return ((uint8_t*) mp->first_pool) + ALIGN(sizeof(struct pool)) + i*mp->tile_size;
+}
+
+void* mempool_alloc0_tile(struct mempool *mp) {
+        void *p;
+
+        p = mempool_alloc_tile(mp);
+        if (p)
+                memzero(p, mp->tile_size);
+        return p;
+}
+
+void mempool_free_tile(struct mempool *mp, void *p) {
+        * (void**) p = mp->freelist;
+        mp->freelist = p;
+}
+
+#if VALGRIND
+void mempool_drop(struct mempool *mp) {
+        struct pool *p = mp->first_pool;
+        while (p) {
+                struct pool *n;
+                n = p->next;
+                free(p);
+                p = n;
+        }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/mempool.h b/src/basic/mempool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..539ccbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mempool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+struct pool;
+
+struct mempool {
+        struct pool *first_pool;
+        void *freelist;
+        size_t tile_size;
+        unsigned at_least;
+};
+
+void* mempool_alloc_tile(struct mempool *mp);
+void* mempool_alloc0_tile(struct mempool *mp);
+void mempool_free_tile(struct mempool *mp, void *p);
+
+#define DEFINE_MEMPOOL(pool_name, tile_type, alloc_at_least) \
+static struct mempool pool_name = { \
+        .tile_size = sizeof(tile_type), \
+        .at_least = alloc_at_least, \
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak)) bool mempool_enabled(void);
+
+#if VALGRIND
+void mempool_drop(struct mempool *mp);
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/meson.build b/src/basic/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfe52d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+basic_sources = files(
+        'MurmurHash2.c',
+        'MurmurHash2.h',
+        'af-list.c',
+        'af-list.h',
+        'alloc-util.c',
+        'alloc-util.h',
+        'architecture.c',
+        'architecture.h',
+        'arphrd-util.c',
+        'arphrd-util.h',
+        'async.c',
+        'async.h',
+        'audit-util.c',
+        'audit-util.h',
+        'build.c',
+        'build.h',
+        'bus-label.c',
+        'bus-label.h',
+        'cap-list.c',
+        'cap-list.h',
+        'capability-util.c',
+        'capability-util.h',
+        'cgroup-util.c',
+        'cgroup-util.h',
+        'chase-symlinks.c',
+        'chase-symlinks.h',
+        'chattr-util.c',
+        'chattr-util.h',
+        'conf-files.c',
+        'conf-files.h',
+        'def.h',
+        'devnum-util.c',
+        'devnum-util.h',
+        'dirent-util.c',
+        'dirent-util.h',
+        'dns-def.h',
+        'efivars.c',
+        'efivars.h',
+        'env-file.c',
+        'env-file.h',
+        'env-util.c',
+        'env-util.h',
+        'errno-list.c',
+        'errno-list.h',
+        'errno-util.h',
+        'escape.c',
+        'escape.h',
+        'ether-addr-util.c',
+        'ether-addr-util.h',
+        'extract-word.c',
+        'extract-word.h',
+        'fd-util.c',
+        'fd-util.h',
+        'fileio.c',
+        'fileio.h',
+        'filesystems.c',
+        'filesystems.h',
+        'format-util.c',
+        'format-util.h',
+        'fs-util.c',
+        'fs-util.h',
+        'glob-util.c',
+        'glob-util.h',
+        'glyph-util.c',
+        'glyph-util.h',
+        'gunicode.c',
+        'gunicode.h',
+        'hash-funcs.c',
+        'hash-funcs.h',
+        'hashmap.c',
+        'hashmap.h',
+        'hexdecoct.c',
+        'hexdecoct.h',
+        'hmac.c',
+        'hmac.h',
+        'hostname-util.c',
+        'hostname-util.h',
+        'in-addr-util.c',
+        'in-addr-util.h',
+        'inotify-util.c',
+        'inotify-util.h',
+        'io-util.c',
+        'io-util.h',
+        'ioprio-util.c',
+        'ioprio-util.h',
+        'limits-util.c',
+        'limits-util.h',
+        'linux/btrfs.h',
+        'linux/btrfs_tree.h',
+        'linux/can/netlink.h',
+        'linux/can/vxcan.h',
+        'linux/cfm_bridge.h',
+        'linux/fib_rules.h',
+        'linux/fou.h',
+        'linux/genetlink.h',
+        'linux/hdlc/ioctl.h',
+        'linux/if.h',
+        'linux/if_addr.h',
+        'linux/if_bonding.h',
+        'linux/if_bridge.h',
+        'linux/if_ether.h',
+        'linux/if_link.h',
+        'linux/if_macsec.h',
+        'linux/if_tun.h',
+        'linux/if_tunnel.h',
+        'linux/in.h',
+        'linux/in6.h',
+        'linux/ipv6_route.h',
+        'linux/l2tp.h',
+        'linux/libc-compat.h',
+        'linux/mrp_bridge.h',
+        'linux/netdevice.h',
+        'linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h',
+        'linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h',
+        'linux/netlink.h',
+        'linux/nexthop.h',
+        'linux/nl80211.h',
+        'linux/pkt_sched.h',
+        'linux/rtnetlink.h',
+        'linux/wireguard.h',
+        'list.h',
+        'locale-util.c',
+        'locale-util.h',
+        'log.c',
+        'log.h',
+        'login-util.c',
+        'login-util.h',
+        'macro.h',
+        'math-util.h',
+        'memfd-util.c',
+        'memfd-util.h',
+        'memory-util.c',
+        'memory-util.h',
+        'mempool.c',
+        'mempool.h',
+        'missing_audit.h',
+        'missing_capability.h',
+        'missing_drm.h',
+        'missing_fcntl.h',
+        'missing_fs.h',
+        'missing_input.h',
+        'missing_ioprio.h',
+        'missing_keyctl.h',
+        'missing_magic.h',
+        'missing_mman.h',
+        'missing_mount.h',
+        'missing_network.h',
+        'missing_prctl.h',
+        'missing_random.h',
+        'missing_resource.h',
+        'missing_sched.h',
+        'missing_securebits.h',
+        'missing_socket.h',
+        'missing_stat.h',
+        'missing_stdlib.h',
+        'missing_syscall.h',
+        'missing_timerfd.h',
+        'missing_type.h',
+        'mkdir.c',
+        'mkdir.h',
+        'mountpoint-util.c',
+        'mountpoint-util.h',
+        'namespace-util.c',
+        'namespace-util.h',
+        'nss-util.h',
+        'nulstr-util.c',
+        'nulstr-util.h',
+        'ordered-set.c',
+        'ordered-set.h',
+        'os-util.c',
+        'os-util.h',
+        'parse-util.c',
+        'parse-util.h',
+        'path-lookup.c',
+        'path-lookup.h',
+        'path-util.c',
+        'path-util.h',
+        'percent-util.c',
+        'percent-util.h',
+        'prioq.c',
+        'prioq.h',
+        'proc-cmdline.c',
+        'proc-cmdline.h',
+        'process-util.c',
+        'process-util.h',
+        'procfs-util.c',
+        'procfs-util.h',
+        'pthread-util.h',
+        'random-util.c',
+        'random-util.h',
+        'ratelimit.c',
+        'ratelimit.h',
+        'raw-clone.h',
+        'raw-reboot.h',
+        'recurse-dir.c',
+        'recurse-dir.h',
+        'replace-var.c',
+        'replace-var.h',
+        'rlimit-util.c',
+        'rlimit-util.h',
+        'set.h',
+        'sigbus.c',
+        'sigbus.h',
+        'signal-util.c',
+        'signal-util.h',
+        'siphash24.c',
+        'siphash24.h',
+        'socket-util.c',
+        'socket-util.h',
+        'sort-util.c',
+        'sort-util.h',
+        'sparse-endian.h',
+        'special.h',
+        'stat-util.c',
+        'stat-util.h',
+        'static-destruct.h',
+        'stdio-util.h',
+        'strbuf.c',
+        'strbuf.h',
+        'string-table.c',
+        'string-table.h',
+        'string-util.c',
+        'string-util.h',
+        'strv.c',
+        'strv.h',
+        'strxcpyx.c',
+        'strxcpyx.h',
+        'sync-util.c',
+        'sync-util.h',
+        'sysctl-util.c',
+        'sysctl-util.h',
+        'syslog-util.c',
+        'syslog-util.h',
+        'terminal-util.c',
+        'terminal-util.h',
+        'time-util.c',
+        'time-util.h',
+        'tmpfile-util.c',
+        'tmpfile-util.h',
+        'uid-range.c',
+        'uid-range.h',
+        'umask-util.h',
+        'unaligned.h',
+        'unit-def.c',
+        'unit-def.h',
+        'unit-file.c',
+        'unit-file.h',
+        'unit-name.c',
+        'unit-name.h',
+        'user-util.c',
+        'user-util.h',
+        'utf8.c',
+        'utf8.h',
+        'util.c',
+        'util.h',
+        'virt.c',
+        'virt.h',
+        'xattr-util.c',
+        'xattr-util.h')
+
+missing_audit_h = files('missing_audit.h')
+missing_capability_h = files('missing_capability.h')
+missing_socket_h = files('missing_socket.h')
+
+missing_syscall_def_h = files('missing_syscall_def.h')
+basic_sources += missing_syscall_def_h
+
+generate_af_list = find_program('generate-af-list.sh')
+af_list_txt = custom_target(
+        'af-list.txt',
+        output : 'af-list.txt',
+        command : [generate_af_list, cpp, config_h, missing_socket_h],
+        capture : true)
+
+generate_arphrd_list = find_program('generate-arphrd-list.sh')
+arphrd_list_txt = custom_target(
+        'arphrd-list.txt',
+        output : 'arphrd-list.txt',
+        command : [generate_arphrd_list, cpp, config_h],
+        capture : true)
+
+generate_cap_list = find_program('generate-cap-list.sh')
+cap_list_txt = custom_target(
+        'cap-list.txt',
+        output : 'cap-list.txt',
+        command : [generate_cap_list, cpp, config_h, missing_capability_h],
+        capture : true)
+
+generate_errno_list = find_program('generate-errno-list.sh')
+errno_list_txt = custom_target(
+        'errno-list.txt',
+        output : 'errno-list.txt',
+        command : [generate_errno_list, cpp],
+        capture : true)
+
+generated_gperf_headers = []
+foreach item : [['af',     af_list_txt,     'af',         ''],
+                ['arphrd', arphrd_list_txt, 'arphrd',     'ARPHRD_'],
+                ['cap',    cap_list_txt,    'capability', ''],
+                ['errno',  errno_list_txt,  'errno',      '']]
+
+        fname = '@0@-from-name.gperf'.format(item[0])
+        gperf_file = custom_target(
+                fname,
+                input : item[1],
+                output : fname,
+                command : [generate_gperfs, item[2], item[3], '@INPUT@'],
+                capture : true)
+
+        fname = '@0@-from-name.h'.format(item[0])
+        target1 = custom_target(
+                fname,
+                input : gperf_file,
+                output : fname,
+                command : [gperf,
+                           '-L', 'ANSI-C', '-t', '--ignore-case',
+                           '-N', 'lookup_@0@'.format(item[2]),
+                           '-H', 'hash_@0@_name'.format(item[2]),
+                           '-p', '-C',
+                           '@INPUT@'],
+                capture : true)
+
+        fname = '@0@-to-name.h'.format(item[0])
+        awkscript = '@0@-to-name.awk'.format(item[0])
+        target2 = custom_target(
+                fname,
+                input : [awkscript, item[1]],
+                output : fname,
+                command : [awk, '-f', '@INPUT0@', '@INPUT1@'],
+                capture : true)
+
+        generated_gperf_headers += [target1, target2]
+endforeach
+
+basic_sources += generated_gperf_headers
+
+############################################################
+
+arch_list = [
+        'alpha',
+        'arc',
+        'arm',
+        'arm64',
+        'i386',
+        'ia64',
+        'loongarch64',
+        'm68k',
+        'mips64',
+        'mips64n32',
+        'mipso32',
+        'parisc',
+        'powerpc',
+        'powerpc64',
+        'riscv32',
+        'riscv64',
+        's390',
+        's390x',
+        'sparc',
+        'x86_64'
+]
+
+run_target(
+        'update-syscall-tables',
+        command : [update_syscall_tables_sh, meson.current_source_dir()] + arch_list)
+
+syscall_list_txt = files('syscall-list.txt')
+
+syscall_lists = []
+foreach arch: arch_list
+        syscall_lists += files('syscalls-@0@.txt'.format(arch))
+endforeach
+
+missing_syscalls_py = find_program('missing_syscalls.py')
+
+run_target(
+        'update-syscall-header',
+        command : [missing_syscalls_py,
+                   missing_syscall_def_h,
+                   syscall_lists])
+
+############################################################
+
+filesystem_includes = ['linux/magic.h',
+                       'linux/gfs2_ondisk.h']
+
+check_filesystems = find_program('check-filesystems.sh')
+r = run_command([check_filesystems, cpp, files('filesystems-gperf.gperf')] + filesystem_includes, check: false)
+if r.returncode() != 0
+        error('Unknown filesystems defined in kernel headers:\n\n' + r.stdout())
+endif
+
+filesystems_gperf_h = custom_target(
+        'filesystems-gperf.h',
+        input : 'filesystems-gperf.gperf',
+        output : 'filesystems-gperf.h',
+        command : [gperf, '@INPUT@', '--output-file', '@OUTPUT@'])
+
+generate_filesystem_list = find_program('generate-filesystem-list.py')
+fname = 'filesystem-list.h'
+filesystem_list_h = custom_target(
+        fname,
+        input : 'filesystems-gperf.gperf',
+        output : fname,
+        command : [generate_filesystem_list,
+                   '@INPUT@'],
+        capture : true)
+
+generate_filesystem_switch_case_h = find_program('generate-filesystem-switch-case.py')
+fname = 'filesystem-switch-case.h'
+filesystem_switch_case_h = custom_target(
+        fname,
+        input : 'filesystems-gperf.gperf',
+        output : 'filesystem-switch-case.h',
+        command : [generate_filesystem_switch_case_h,
+                   '@INPUT@'],
+        capture : true)
+
+basic_sources += [filesystem_list_h, filesystem_switch_case_h, filesystems_gperf_h]
+
+libbasic = static_library(
+        'basic',
+        basic_sources,
+        fundamental_sources,
+        include_directories : basic_includes,
+        dependencies : [versiondep,
+                        threads,
+                        libcap,
+                        libm],
+        c_args : ['-fvisibility=default'],
+        build_by_default : false)
+
+############################################################
+
+basic_gcrypt_sources = files(
+        'gcrypt-util.c',
+        'gcrypt-util.h')
+
+# A convenience library that is separate from libbasic to avoid
+# unnecessary linking to libgcrypt.
+libbasic_gcrypt = static_library(
+        'basic-gcrypt',
+        basic_gcrypt_sources,
+        include_directories : basic_includes,
+        dependencies : [libgcrypt],
+        c_args : ['-fvisibility=default'],
+        build_by_default : false)
+
+############################################################
+
+basic_compress_sources = files(
+        'compress.c',
+        'compress.h')
+
+# A convenience library that is separate from libbasic to avoid unnecessary
+# linking to the compression libraries.
+libbasic_compress = static_library(
+        'basic-compress',
+        basic_compress_sources,
+        include_directories : basic_includes,
+        dependencies : [libxz,
+                        libzstd,
+                        liblz4],
+        c_args : ['-fvisibility=default'],
+        build_by_default : false)
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_audit.h b/src/basic/missing_audit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62e3c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_audit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/audit.h>
+
+#if HAVE_AUDIT
+#include <libaudit.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef AUDIT_SERVICE_START
+#define AUDIT_SERVICE_START 1130 /* Service (daemon) start */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef AUDIT_SERVICE_STOP
+#define AUDIT_SERVICE_STOP 1131 /* Service (daemon) stop */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAX_AUDIT_MESSAGE_LENGTH
+#define MAX_AUDIT_MESSAGE_LENGTH 8970
+#endif
+
+#ifndef AUDIT_NLGRP_MAX
+#define AUDIT_NLGRP_READLOG 1
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_capability.h b/src/basic/missing_capability.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5adda55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_capability.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/capability.h>
+
+/* 3a101b8de0d39403b2c7e5c23fd0b005668acf48 (3.16) */
+#ifndef CAP_AUDIT_READ
+#  define CAP_AUDIT_READ 37
+#endif
+
+/* 980737282232b752bb14dab96d77665c15889c36 (5.8) */
+#ifndef CAP_PERFMON
+#  define CAP_PERFMON 38
+#endif
+
+/* a17b53c4a4b55ec322c132b6670743612229ee9c (5.8) */
+#ifndef CAP_BPF
+#  define CAP_BPF 39
+#endif
+
+/* 124ea650d3072b005457faed69909221c2905a1f (5.9) */
+#ifndef CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
+#  define CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE 40
+#endif
+
+#define SYSTEMD_CAP_LAST_CAP CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
+
+#ifdef CAP_LAST_CAP
+#  if CAP_LAST_CAP > SYSTEMD_CAP_LAST_CAP
+#    if BUILD_MODE_DEVELOPER && defined(TEST_CAPABILITY_C)
+#      warning "The capability list here is outdated"
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    undef CAP_LAST_CAP
+#  endif
+#endif
+#ifndef CAP_LAST_CAP
+#  define CAP_LAST_CAP SYSTEMD_CAP_LAST_CAP
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_drm.h b/src/basic/missing_drm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dec591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_drm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef DRM_IOCTL_SET_MASTER
+#define DRM_IOCTL_SET_MASTER _IO('d', 0x1e)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DRM_IOCTL_DROP_MASTER
+#define DRM_IOCTL_DROP_MASTER _IO('d', 0x1f)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_fcntl.h b/src/basic/missing_fcntl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00937d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_fcntl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#ifndef F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE
+#define F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE 1024
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_SETPIPE_SZ
+#define F_SETPIPE_SZ (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 7)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_GETPIPE_SZ
+#define F_GETPIPE_SZ (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 8)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_ADD_SEALS
+#define F_ADD_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 9)
+#define F_GET_SEALS (F_LINUX_SPECIFIC_BASE + 10)
+
+#define F_SEAL_SEAL     0x0001  /* prevent further seals from being set */
+#define F_SEAL_SHRINK   0x0002  /* prevent file from shrinking */
+#define F_SEAL_GROW     0x0004  /* prevent file from growing */
+#define F_SEAL_WRITE    0x0008  /* prevent writes */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F_OFD_GETLK
+#define F_OFD_GETLK     36
+#define F_OFD_SETLK     37
+#define F_OFD_SETLKW    38
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+#define MAX_HANDLE_SZ 128
+#endif
+
+/* The precise definition of __O_TMPFILE is arch specific; use the
+ * values defined by the kernel (note: some are hexa, some are octal,
+ * duplicated as-is from the kernel definitions):
+ * - alpha, parisc, sparc: each has a specific value;
+ * - others: they use the "generic" value.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __O_TMPFILE
+#if defined(__alpha__)
+#define __O_TMPFILE     0100000000
+#elif defined(__parisc__) || defined(__hppa__)
+#define __O_TMPFILE     0400000000
+#elif defined(__sparc__) || defined(__sparc64__)
+#define __O_TMPFILE     0x2000000
+#else
+#define __O_TMPFILE     020000000
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* a horrid kludge trying to make sure that this will fail on old kernels */
+#ifndef O_TMPFILE
+#define O_TMPFILE (__O_TMPFILE | O_DIRECTORY)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_fs.h b/src/basic/missing_fs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6638d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_fs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* linux/fs.h */
+#ifndef RENAME_NOREPLACE /* 0a7c3937a1f23f8cb5fc77ae01661e9968a51d0c (3.15) */
+#define RENAME_NOREPLACE (1 << 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BLKGETDISKSEQ
+#define BLKGETDISKSEQ _IOR(0x12,128,__u64)
+#endif
+
+/* linux/fs.h or sys/mount.h */
+#ifndef MS_MOVE
+#define MS_MOVE 8192
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_REC
+#define MS_REC 16384
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_PRIVATE
+#define MS_PRIVATE      (1<<18)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_SLAVE
+#define MS_SLAVE        (1<<19)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_SHARED
+#define MS_SHARED       (1<<20)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_RELATIME
+#define MS_RELATIME     (1<<21)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_KERNMOUNT
+#define MS_KERNMOUNT    (1<<22)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_I_VERSION
+#define MS_I_VERSION    (1<<23)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_STRICTATIME
+#define MS_STRICTATIME  (1<<24)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MS_LAZYTIME
+#define MS_LAZYTIME     (1<<25)
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/ext4/ext4.h */
+#ifndef EXT4_IOC_RESIZE_FS
+#define EXT4_IOC_RESIZE_FS _IOW('f', 16, __u64)
+#endif
+
+/* linux/nsfs.h */
+#ifndef NS_GET_NSTYPE /* d95fa3c76a66b6d76b1e109ea505c55e66360f3c (4.11) */
+#define NS_GET_NSTYPE _IO(0xb7, 0x3)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FS_PROJINHERIT_FL
+#define FS_PROJINHERIT_FL 0x20000000
+#endif
+
+/* linux/fscrypt.h */
+#ifndef FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE
+#define FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE 8
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_input.h b/src/basic/missing_input.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cf16ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_input.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/input.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/* linux@c7dc65737c9a607d3e6f8478659876074ad129b8 (3.12) */
+#ifndef EVIOCREVOKE
+#define EVIOCREVOKE _IOW('E', 0x91, int)
+#endif
+
+/* linux@06a16293f71927f756dcf37558a79c0b05a91641 (4.4) */
+#ifndef EVIOCSMASK
+struct input_mask {
+        __u32 type;
+        __u32 codes_size;
+        __u64 codes_ptr;
+};
+
+#define EVIOCGMASK _IOR('E', 0x92, struct input_mask)
+#define EVIOCSMASK _IOW('E', 0x93, struct input_mask)
+#endif
+
+/* linux@7611392fe8ff95ecae528b01a815ae3d72ca6b95 (3.17) */
+#ifndef INPUT_PROP_POINTING_STICK
+#define INPUT_PROP_POINTING_STICK 0x05
+#endif
+
+/* linux@500d4160abe9a2e88b12e319c13ae3ebd1e18108 (4.0) */
+#ifndef INPUT_PROP_ACCELEROMETER
+#define INPUT_PROP_ACCELEROMETER  0x06
+#endif
+
+/* linux@d09bbfd2a8408a995419dff0d2ba906013cf4cc9 (3.11) */
+#ifndef BTN_DPAD_UP
+#define BTN_DPAD_UP    0x220
+#define BTN_DPAD_DOWN  0x221
+#define BTN_DPAD_LEFT  0x222
+#define BTN_DPAD_RIGHT 0x223
+#endif
+
+/* linux@358f24704f2f016af7d504b357cdf32606091d07 (3.13) */
+#ifndef KEY_ALS_TOGGLE
+#define KEY_ALS_TOGGLE 0x230
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_ioprio.h b/src/basic/missing_ioprio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cbd172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_ioprio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sched.h>
+
+/* Match values uses by the kernel internally, as no public header seems to exist. */
+
+#ifndef IOPRIO_N_CLASSES
+#  define IOPRIO_N_CLASSES 8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IOPRIO_BE_NR
+#  define IOPRIO_BE_NR 8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE
+#  define IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE 0
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_CLASS_RT
+#  define IOPRIO_CLASS_RT   1
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_CLASS_BE
+#  define IOPRIO_CLASS_BE   2
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE
+#  define IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE 3
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS
+#  define IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS 1
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP
+#  define IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP    2
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_WHO_USER
+#  define IOPRIO_WHO_USER    3
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IOPRIO_BITS
+#  define IOPRIO_BITS        16
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_N_CLASSES
+#  define IOPRIO_N_CLASSES    8
+#endif
+#ifndef IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT
+#  define IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT 13
+#endif
+
+static inline int ioprio_prio_class(int value) {
+        return value >> IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT;
+}
+
+static inline int ioprio_prio_data(int value) {
+        return value & ((1 << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) - 1);
+}
+
+static inline int ioprio_prio_value(int class, int data) {
+        return (class << IOPRIO_CLASS_SHIFT) | data;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_keyctl.h b/src/basic/missing_keyctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..081003a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_keyctl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/keyctl.h>
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
+#define KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_CHOWN
+#define KEYCTL_CHOWN 4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_SETPERM
+#define KEYCTL_SETPERM 5
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_DESCRIBE
+#define KEYCTL_DESCRIBE 6
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_LINK
+#define KEYCTL_LINK 8
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_READ
+#define KEYCTL_READ 11
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEYCTL_SET_TIMEOUT
+#define KEYCTL_SET_TIMEOUT 15
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING
+#define KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING -4
+#endif
+
+#ifndef KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING
+#define KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING -3
+#endif
+
+/* From linux/key.h */
+#ifndef KEY_POS_VIEW
+
+typedef int32_t key_serial_t;
+
+#define KEY_POS_VIEW    0x01000000
+#define KEY_POS_READ    0x02000000
+#define KEY_POS_WRITE   0x04000000
+#define KEY_POS_SEARCH  0x08000000
+#define KEY_POS_LINK    0x10000000
+#define KEY_POS_SETATTR 0x20000000
+#define KEY_POS_ALL     0x3f000000
+
+#define KEY_USR_VIEW    0x00010000
+#define KEY_USR_READ    0x00020000
+#define KEY_USR_WRITE   0x00040000
+#define KEY_USR_SEARCH  0x00080000
+#define KEY_USR_LINK    0x00100000
+#define KEY_USR_SETATTR 0x00200000
+#define KEY_USR_ALL     0x003f0000
+
+#define KEY_GRP_VIEW    0x00000100
+#define KEY_GRP_READ    0x00000200
+#define KEY_GRP_WRITE   0x00000400
+#define KEY_GRP_SEARCH  0x00000800
+#define KEY_GRP_LINK    0x00001000
+#define KEY_GRP_SETATTR 0x00002000
+#define KEY_GRP_ALL     0x00003f00
+
+#define KEY_OTH_VIEW    0x00000001
+#define KEY_OTH_READ    0x00000002
+#define KEY_OTH_WRITE   0x00000004
+#define KEY_OTH_SEARCH  0x00000008
+#define KEY_OTH_LINK    0x00000010
+#define KEY_OTH_SETATTR 0x00000020
+#define KEY_OTH_ALL     0x0000003f
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_loop.h b/src/basic/missing_loop.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7141544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_loop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/loop.h>
+
+#ifndef LOOP_CONFIGURE
+struct loop_config {
+        __u32 fd;
+        __u32 block_size;
+        struct loop_info64 info;
+        __u64 __reserved[8];
+};
+
+#define LOOP_CONFIGURE 0x4C0A
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LO_FLAGS_DIRECT_IO
+#define LO_FLAGS_DIRECT_IO 16
+#define LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO 0x4C08
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LOOP_SET_STATUS_SETTABLE_FLAGS
+#define LOOP_SET_STATUS_SETTABLE_FLAGS (LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR | LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN | LO_FLAGS_DIRECT_IO)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_magic.h b/src/basic/missing_magic.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c104fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_magic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+
+/* 62aa81d7c4c24b90fdb61da70ac0dbbc414f9939 (4.13) */
+#ifndef OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC 0x7461636f
+#endif
+
+/* 67e9c74b8a873408c27ac9a8e4c1d1c8d72c93ff (4.5) */
+#ifndef CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC 0x63677270
+#endif
+
+/* 4282d60689d4f21b40692029080440cc58e8a17d (4.1) */
+#ifndef TRACEFS_MAGIC
+#define TRACEFS_MAGIC 0x74726163
+#endif
+
+/* e149ed2b805fefdccf7ccdfc19eca22fdd4514ac (3.19) */
+#ifndef NSFS_MAGIC
+#define NSFS_MAGIC 0x6e736673
+#endif
+
+/* b2197755b2633e164a439682fb05a9b5ea48f706 (4.4) */
+#ifndef BPF_FS_MAGIC
+#define BPF_FS_MAGIC 0xcafe4a11
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet (4.20). Defined at ipc/mqueue.c */
+#ifndef MQUEUE_MAGIC
+#define MQUEUE_MAGIC 0x19800202
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet (as of Linux 5.4). Defined in fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_format.h */
+#ifndef XFS_SB_MAGIC
+#define XFS_SB_MAGIC 0x58465342
+#endif
+
+/* dea2903719283c156b53741126228c4a1b40440f (5.17) */
+#ifndef CIFS_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define CIFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0xFF534D42
+#endif
+
+/* dea2903719283c156b53741126228c4a1b40440f (5.17) */
+#ifndef SMB2_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define SMB2_SUPER_MAGIC 0xFE534D42
+#endif
+
+/* 257f871993474e2bde6c497b54022c362cf398e1 (4.5) */
+#ifndef OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define OVERLAYFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x794c7630
+#endif
+
+/* 2a28900be20640fcd1e548b1e3bad79e8221fcf9 (4.7) */
+#ifndef UDF_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define UDF_SUPER_MAGIC 0x15013346
+#endif
+
+/* b1123ea6d3b3da25af5c8a9d843bd07ab63213f4 (4.8)*/
+#ifndef BALLOON_KVM_MAGIC
+#define BALLOON_KVM_MAGIC 0x13661366
+#endif
+
+/* 48b4800a1c6af2cdda344ea4e2c843dcc1f6afc9 (4.8) */
+#ifndef ZSMALLOC_MAGIC
+#define ZSMALLOC_MAGIC 0x58295829
+#endif
+
+/* 3bc52c45bac26bf7ed1dc8d287ad1aeaed1250b6 (4.9) */
+#ifndef DAXFS_MAGIC
+#define DAXFS_MAGIC 0x64646178
+#endif
+
+/* 5ff193fbde20df5d80fec367cea3e7856c057320 (4.10) */
+#ifndef RDTGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define RDTGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC 0x7655821
+#endif
+
+/* a481f4d917835cad86701fc0d1e620c74bb5cd5f (4.13) */
+#ifndef AAFS_MAGIC
+#define AAFS_MAGIC 0x5a3c69f0
+#endif
+
+/* f044c8847bb61eff5e1e95b6f6bb950e7f4a73a4 (4.15) */
+#ifndef AFS_FS_MAGIC
+#define AFS_FS_MAGIC 0x6b414653
+#endif
+
+/* dddde68b8f06dd83486124b8d245e7bfb15c185d (4.20) */
+#ifndef XFS_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define XFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x58465342
+#endif
+
+/* 3ad20fe393b31025bebfc2d76964561f65df48aa (5.0) */
+#ifndef BINDERFS_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define BINDERFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x6c6f6f70
+#endif
+
+/* ed63bb1d1f8469586006a9ca63c42344401aa2ab (5.3) */
+#ifndef DMA_BUF_MAGIC
+#define DMA_BUF_MAGIC 0x444d4142
+#endif
+
+/* ea8157ab2ae5e914dd427e5cfab533b6da3819cd (5.3) */
+#ifndef Z3FOLD_MAGIC
+#define Z3FOLD_MAGIC 0x33
+#endif
+
+/* 47e4937a4a7ca4184fd282791dfee76c6799966a (5.4) */
+#ifndef EROFS_SUPER_MAGIC_V1
+#define EROFS_SUPER_MAGIC_V1 0xe0f5e1e2
+#endif
+
+/* fe030c9b85e6783bc52fe86449c0a4b8aa16c753 (5.5) */
+#ifndef PPC_CMM_MAGIC
+#define PPC_CMM_MAGIC 0xc7571590
+#endif
+
+/* 8dcc1a9d90c10fa4143e5c17821082e5e60e46a1 (5.6) */
+#ifndef ZONEFS_MAGIC
+#define ZONEFS_MAGIC 0x5a4f4653
+#endif
+
+/* 3234ac664a870e6ea69ae3a57d824cd7edbeacc5 (5.8) */
+#ifndef DEVMEM_MAGIC
+#define DEVMEM_MAGIC 0x454d444d
+#endif
+
+/* Not in mainline but included in Ubuntu */
+#ifndef SHIFTFS_MAGIC
+#define SHIFTFS_MAGIC 0x6a656a62
+#endif
+
+/* 1507f51255c9ff07d75909a84e7c0d7f3c4b2f49 (5.14) */
+#ifndef SECRETMEM_MAGIC
+#define SECRETMEM_MAGIC 0x5345434d
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/fuse/inode.c */
+#ifndef FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC 0x65735546
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/fuse/control.c */
+#ifndef FUSE_CTL_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define FUSE_CTL_SUPER_MAGIC 0x65735543
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/ceph/super.h */
+#ifndef CEPH_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define CEPH_SUPER_MAGIC 0x00c36400
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/orangefs/orangefs-kernel.h */
+#ifndef ORANGEFS_DEVREQ_MAGIC
+#define ORANGEFS_DEVREQ_MAGIC 0x20030529
+#endif
+
+/* linux/gfs2_ondisk.h */
+#ifndef GFS2_MAGIC
+#define GFS2_MAGIC 0x01161970
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/configfs/mount.c */
+#ifndef CONFIGFS_MAGIC
+#define CONFIGFS_MAGIC 0x62656570
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/vboxsf/super.c */
+#ifndef VBOXSF_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define VBOXSF_SUPER_MAGIC 0x786f4256
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at fs/exfat/exfat_fs.h */
+#ifndef EXFAT_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define EXFAT_SUPER_MAGIC 0x2011BAB0UL
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet, internally actually called RPCAUTH_GSSMAGIC. Defined in net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c */
+#ifndef RPC_PIPEFS_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define RPC_PIPEFS_SUPER_MAGIC 0x67596969
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet, defined at fs/ntfs/ntfs.h */
+#ifndef NTFS_SB_MAGIC
+#define NTFS_SB_MAGIC 0x5346544e
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet, encoded literally in fs/ntfs3/super.c. */
+#ifndef NTFS3_SUPER_MAGIC
+#define NTFS3_SUPER_MAGIC 0x7366746e
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_mman.h b/src/basic/missing_mman.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a10912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_mman.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#ifndef MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
+#define MFD_ALLOW_SEALING 0x0002U
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MFD_CLOEXEC
+#define MFD_CLOEXEC 0x0001U
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_mount.h b/src/basic/missing_mount.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b0bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_mount.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+
+/* dab741e0e02bd3c4f5e2e97be74b39df2523fc6e (5.10) */
+#ifndef MS_NOSYMFOLLOW
+#define MS_NOSYMFOLLOW 256
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_network.h b/src/basic/missing_network.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..776c7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_network.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* linux/in6.h or netinet/in.h */
+#ifndef IPV6_UNICAST_IF
+#define IPV6_UNICAST_IF 76
+#endif
+
+/* linux/in6.h or netinet/in.h */
+#ifndef IPV6_TRANSPARENT
+#define IPV6_TRANSPARENT 75
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined at include/net/ip.h */
+#ifndef IPV4_MIN_MTU
+#define IPV4_MIN_MTU 68
+#endif
+
+/* linux/ipv6.h */
+#ifndef IPV6_MIN_MTU
+#define IPV6_MIN_MTU 1280
+#endif
+
+/* Note that LOOPBACK_IFINDEX is currently not exposed by the
+ * kernel/glibc, but hardcoded internally by the kernel.  However, as
+ * it is exported to userspace indirectly via rtnetlink and the
+ * ioctls, and made use of widely we define it here too, in a way that
+ * is compatible with the kernel's internal definition. */
+#ifndef LOOPBACK_IFINDEX
+#define LOOPBACK_IFINDEX 1
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Similar values are defined in net/ethernet.h */
+#ifndef ETHERTYPE_LLDP
+#define ETHERTYPE_LLDP 0x88cc
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in linux/netdevice.h */
+#ifndef MAX_PHYS_ITEM_ID_LEN
+#define MAX_PHYS_ITEM_ID_LEN 32
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in include/net/bonding.h */
+#ifndef BOND_MAX_ARP_TARGETS
+#define BOND_MAX_ARP_TARGETS 16
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in include/linux/ieee80211.h */
+#ifndef IEEE80211_MAX_SSID_LEN
+#define IEEE80211_MAX_SSID_LEN 32
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in include/net/netlabel.h */
+#ifndef NETLBL_NLTYPE_UNLABELED_NAME
+#define NETLBL_NLTYPE_UNLABELED_NAME "NLBL_UNLBL"
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in net/netlabel/netlabel_unlabeled.h */
+enum {
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_UNSPEC,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_ACCEPT,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_LIST,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICADD,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICREMOVE,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICLIST,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICADDDEF,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICREMOVEDEF,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_C_STATICLISTDEF,
+        __NLBL_UNLABEL_C_MAX,
+};
+
+/* Not exposed but defined in net/netlabel/netlabel_unlabeled.h */
+enum {
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_UNSPEC,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_ACPTFLG,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_IPV6ADDR,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_IPV6MASK,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_IPV4ADDR,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_IPV4MASK,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_IFACE,
+        NLBL_UNLABEL_A_SECCTX,
+        __NLBL_UNLABEL_A_MAX,
+};
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_prctl.h b/src/basic/missing_prctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab85130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_prctl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/prctl.h>
+
+/* 58319057b7847667f0c9585b9de0e8932b0fdb08 (4.3) */
+#ifndef PR_CAP_AMBIENT
+#define PR_CAP_AMBIENT 47
+
+#define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET    1
+#define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE     2
+#define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_LOWER     3
+#define PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL 4
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_random.h b/src/basic/missing_random.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..443b913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_random.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#if USE_SYS_RANDOM_H
+#  include <sys/random.h>
+#else
+#  include <linux/random.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GRND_NONBLOCK
+#define GRND_NONBLOCK 0x0001
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GRND_RANDOM
+#define GRND_RANDOM 0x0002
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GRND_INSECURE
+#define GRND_INSECURE 0x0004
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_resource.h b/src/basic/missing_resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e76765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#ifndef RLIMIT_RTTIME
+#define RLIMIT_RTTIME 15
+#endif
+
+/* If RLIMIT_RTTIME is not defined, then we cannot use RLIMIT_NLIMITS as is */
+#define _RLIMIT_MAX (RLIMIT_RTTIME+1 > RLIMIT_NLIMITS ? RLIMIT_RTTIME+1 : RLIMIT_NLIMITS)
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_sched.h b/src/basic/missing_sched.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcd5b77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_sched.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#ifndef CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+#define CLONE_NEWCGROUP 0x02000000
+#endif
+
+/* 769071ac9f20b6a447410c7eaa55d1a5233ef40c (5.8) */
+#ifndef CLONE_NEWTIME
+#define CLONE_NEWTIME 0x00000080
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at include/linux/sched.h */
+#ifndef PF_KTHREAD
+#define PF_KTHREAD 0x00200000
+#endif
+
+/* The maximum thread/process name length including trailing NUL byte. This mimics the kernel definition of the same
+ * name, which we need in userspace at various places but is not defined in userspace currently, neither under this
+ * name nor any other. */
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined at include/linux/sched.h */
+#ifndef TASK_COMM_LEN
+#define TASK_COMM_LEN 16
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_securebits.h b/src/basic/missing_securebits.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03fad6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_securebits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/securebits.h>
+
+/* 746bf6d64275be0c65b0631d8a72b16f1454cfa1 (4.3) */
+#ifndef SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE
+#define SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE        6
+#define SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE_LOCKED 7  /* make bit-6 immutable */
+#define SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE        (issecure_mask(SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE))
+#define SECBIT_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE_LOCKED (issecure_mask(SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE_LOCKED))
+
+#undef  SECURE_ALL_BITS
+#define SECURE_ALL_BITS (issecure_mask(SECURE_NOROOT) |                 \
+                         issecure_mask(SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) |        \
+                         issecure_mask(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) |              \
+                         issecure_mask(SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE))
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_socket.h b/src/basic/missing_socket.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30ac297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_socket.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#if HAVE_LINUX_VM_SOCKETS_H
+#include <linux/vm_sockets.h>
+#else
+#define VMADDR_CID_ANY -1U
+struct sockaddr_vm {
+        unsigned short svm_family;
+        unsigned short svm_reserved1;
+        unsigned int svm_port;
+        unsigned int svm_cid;
+        unsigned char svm_zero[sizeof(struct sockaddr) -
+                               sizeof(unsigned short) -
+                               sizeof(unsigned short) -
+                               sizeof(unsigned int) -
+                               sizeof(unsigned int)];
+};
+#endif /* !HAVE_LINUX_VM_SOCKETS_H */
+
+#ifndef AF_VSOCK
+#define AF_VSOCK 40
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SO_REUSEPORT
+#define SO_REUSEPORT 15
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SO_PEERGROUPS
+#define SO_PEERGROUPS 59
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SO_BINDTOIFINDEX
+#define SO_BINDTOIFINDEX 62
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SOL_NETLINK
+#define SOL_NETLINK 270
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SOL_ALG
+#define SOL_ALG 279
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined in include/linux/socket.h. */
+#ifndef SOL_SCTP
+#define SOL_SCTP 132
+#endif
+
+/* Not exposed yet. Defined in include/linux/socket.h */
+#ifndef SCM_SECURITY
+#define SCM_SECURITY 0x03
+#endif
+
+/* netinet/in.h */
+#ifndef IP_FREEBIND
+#define IP_FREEBIND 15
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IP_TRANSPARENT
+#define IP_TRANSPARENT 19
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IPV6_FREEBIND
+#define IPV6_FREEBIND 78
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IP_RECVFRAGSIZE
+#define IP_RECVFRAGSIZE 25
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE
+#define IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE 77
+#endif
+
+/* linux/sockios.h */
+#ifndef SIOCGSKNS
+#define SIOCGSKNS 0x894C
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_stat.h b/src/basic/missing_stat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..372fdf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_stat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#if WANT_LINUX_STAT_H
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Thew newest definition we are aware of (fa2fcf4f1df1559a0a4ee0f46915b496cc2ebf60; 5.8) */
+#define STATX_DEFINITION {                      \
+        __u32 stx_mask;                         \
+        __u32 stx_blksize;                      \
+        __u64 stx_attributes;                   \
+        __u32 stx_nlink;                        \
+        __u32 stx_uid;                          \
+        __u32 stx_gid;                          \
+        __u16 stx_mode;                         \
+        __u16 __spare0[1];                      \
+        __u64 stx_ino;                          \
+        __u64 stx_size;                         \
+        __u64 stx_blocks;                       \
+        __u64 stx_attributes_mask;              \
+        struct statx_timestamp stx_atime;       \
+        struct statx_timestamp stx_btime;       \
+        struct statx_timestamp stx_ctime;       \
+        struct statx_timestamp stx_mtime;       \
+        __u32 stx_rdev_major;                   \
+        __u32 stx_rdev_minor;                   \
+        __u32 stx_dev_major;                    \
+        __u32 stx_dev_minor;                    \
+        __u64 stx_mnt_id;                       \
+        __u64 __spare2;                         \
+        __u64 __spare3[12];                     \
+}
+
+#if !HAVE_STRUCT_STATX
+struct statx_timestamp {
+        __s64 tv_sec;
+        __u32 tv_nsec;
+        __s32 __reserved;
+};
+
+struct statx STATX_DEFINITION;
+#endif
+
+/* Always define the newest version we are aware of as a distinct type, so that we can use it even if glibc
+ * defines an older definition */
+struct new_statx STATX_DEFINITION;
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT
+#define AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT 0x0000
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC
+#define AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC 0x2000
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC
+#define AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC 0x4000
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_TYPE
+#define STATX_TYPE 0x00000001U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_MODE
+#define STATX_MODE 0x00000002U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_NLINK
+#define STATX_NLINK 0x00000004U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_UID
+#define STATX_UID 0x00000008U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_GID
+#define STATX_GID 0x00000010U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_ATIME
+#define STATX_ATIME 0x00000020U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_MTIME
+#define STATX_MTIME 0x00000040U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_CTIME
+#define STATX_CTIME 0x00000080U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_INO
+#define STATX_INO 0x00000100U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_SIZE
+#define STATX_SIZE 0x00000200U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_BLOCKS
+#define STATX_BLOCKS 0x00000400U
+#endif
+
+/* a528d35e8bfcc521d7cb70aaf03e1bd296c8493f (4.11) */
+#ifndef STATX_BTIME
+#define STATX_BTIME 0x00000800U
+#endif
+
+/* fa2fcf4f1df1559a0a4ee0f46915b496cc2ebf60 (5.8) */
+#ifndef STATX_MNT_ID
+#define STATX_MNT_ID 0x00001000U
+#endif
+
+/* 80340fe3605c0e78cfe496c3b3878be828cfdbfe (5.8) */
+#ifndef STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT
+#define STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT 0x00002000 /* Root of a mount */
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_stdlib.h b/src/basic/missing_stdlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c76f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_stdlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* stdlib.h */
+#if !HAVE_SECURE_GETENV
+#  if HAVE___SECURE_GETENV
+#    define secure_getenv __secure_getenv
+#  else
+#    error "neither secure_getenv nor __secure_getenv are available"
+#  endif
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_syscall.h b/src/basic/missing_syscall.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d54e59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_syscall.h
@@ -0,0 +1,648 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* Missing glibc definitions to access certain kernel APIs */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if HAVE_LINUX_TIME_TYPES_H
+/* This header defines __kernel_timespec for us, but is only available since Linux 5.1, hence conditionally
+ * include this. */
+#include <linux/time_types.h>
+#endif
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef ARCH_MIPS
+#include <asm/sgidefs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_keyctl.h"
+#include "missing_stat.h"
+#include "missing_syscall_def.h"
+
+/* linux/kcmp.h */
+#ifndef KCMP_FILE /* 3f4994cfc15f38a3159c6e3a4b3ab2e1481a6b02 (3.19) */
+#define KCMP_FILE 0
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_PIVOT_ROOT
+static inline int missing_pivot_root(const char *new_root, const char *put_old) {
+        return syscall(__NR_pivot_root, new_root, put_old);
+}
+
+#  define pivot_root missing_pivot_root
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_IOPRIO_GET
+static inline int missing_ioprio_get(int which, int who) {
+        return syscall(__NR_ioprio_get, which, who);
+}
+
+#  define ioprio_get missing_ioprio_get
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_IOPRIO_SET
+static inline int missing_ioprio_set(int which, int who, int ioprio) {
+        return syscall(__NR_ioprio_set, which, who, ioprio);
+}
+
+#  define ioprio_set missing_ioprio_set
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE
+static inline int missing_memfd_create(const char *name, unsigned int flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_memfd_create
+        return syscall(__NR_memfd_create, name, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define memfd_create missing_memfd_create
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_GETRANDOM
+/* glibc says getrandom() returns ssize_t */
+static inline ssize_t missing_getrandom(void *buffer, size_t count, unsigned flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_getrandom
+        return syscall(__NR_getrandom, buffer, count, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define getrandom missing_getrandom
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+/* The syscall has been defined since forever, but the glibc wrapper was missing. */
+#if !HAVE_GETTID
+static inline pid_t missing_gettid(void) {
+#  if defined __NR_gettid && __NR_gettid >= 0
+        return (pid_t) syscall(__NR_gettid);
+#  else
+#    error "__NR_gettid not defined"
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define gettid missing_gettid
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_NAME_TO_HANDLE_AT
+struct file_handle {
+        unsigned int handle_bytes;
+        int handle_type;
+        unsigned char f_handle[0];
+};
+
+static inline int missing_name_to_handle_at(int fd, const char *name, struct file_handle *handle, int *mnt_id, int flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_name_to_handle_at
+        return syscall(__NR_name_to_handle_at, fd, name, handle, mnt_id, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define name_to_handle_at missing_name_to_handle_at
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_SETNS
+static inline int missing_setns(int fd, int nstype) {
+#  ifdef __NR_setns
+        return syscall(__NR_setns, fd, nstype);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define setns missing_setns
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+static inline pid_t raw_getpid(void) {
+#if defined(__alpha__)
+        return (pid_t) syscall(__NR_getxpid);
+#else
+        return (pid_t) syscall(__NR_getpid);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_RENAMEAT2
+static inline int missing_renameat2(int oldfd, const char *oldname, int newfd, const char *newname, unsigned flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_renameat2
+        return syscall(__NR_renameat2, oldfd, oldname, newfd, newname, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define renameat2 missing_renameat2
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_KCMP
+static inline int missing_kcmp(pid_t pid1, pid_t pid2, int type, unsigned long idx1, unsigned long idx2) {
+#  if defined __NR_kcmp && __NR_kcmp >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define kcmp missing_kcmp
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_KEYCTL
+static inline long missing_keyctl(int cmd, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5) {
+#  if defined __NR_keyctl && __NR_keyctl >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_keyctl, cmd, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+
+#  define keyctl missing_keyctl
+}
+
+static inline key_serial_t missing_add_key(const char *type, const char *description, const void *payload, size_t plen, key_serial_t ringid) {
+#  if defined __NR_add_key && __NR_add_key >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_add_key, type, description, payload, plen, ringid);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+
+#  define add_key missing_add_key
+}
+
+static inline key_serial_t missing_request_key(const char *type, const char *description, const char * callout_info, key_serial_t destringid) {
+#  if defined __NR_request_key && __NR_request_key >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_request_key, type, description, callout_info, destringid);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+
+#  define request_key missing_request_key
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_COPY_FILE_RANGE
+static inline ssize_t missing_copy_file_range(int fd_in, loff_t *off_in,
+                                              int fd_out, loff_t *off_out,
+                                              size_t len,
+                                              unsigned int flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_copy_file_range
+        return syscall(__NR_copy_file_range, fd_in, off_in, fd_out, off_out, len, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define copy_file_range missing_copy_file_range
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_BPF
+union bpf_attr;
+
+static inline int missing_bpf(int cmd, union bpf_attr *attr, size_t size) {
+#ifdef __NR_bpf
+        return (int) syscall(__NR_bpf, cmd, attr, size);
+#else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#endif
+}
+
+#  define bpf missing_bpf
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_STATX
+struct statx;
+
+static inline ssize_t missing_statx(int dfd, const char *filename, unsigned flags, unsigned int mask, struct statx *buffer) {
+#  ifdef __NR_statx
+        return syscall(__NR_statx, dfd, filename, flags, mask, buffer);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* This typedef is supposed to be always defined. */
+typedef struct statx struct_statx;
+
+#if !HAVE_STATX
+#  define statx(dfd, filename, flags, mask, buffer) missing_statx(dfd, filename, flags, mask, buffer)
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_SET_MEMPOLICY
+enum {
+        MPOL_DEFAULT,
+        MPOL_PREFERRED,
+        MPOL_BIND,
+        MPOL_INTERLEAVE,
+        MPOL_LOCAL,
+};
+
+static inline long missing_set_mempolicy(int mode, const unsigned long *nodemask,
+                           unsigned long maxnode) {
+        long i;
+#  if defined __NR_set_mempolicy && __NR_set_mempolicy >= 0
+        i = syscall(__NR_set_mempolicy, mode, nodemask, maxnode);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        i = -1;
+#  endif
+        return i;
+}
+
+#  define set_mempolicy missing_set_mempolicy
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_GET_MEMPOLICY
+static inline long missing_get_mempolicy(int *mode, unsigned long *nodemask,
+                           unsigned long maxnode, void *addr,
+                           unsigned long flags) {
+        long i;
+#  if defined __NR_get_mempolicy && __NR_get_mempolicy >= 0
+        i = syscall(__NR_get_mempolicy, mode, nodemask, maxnode, addr, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        i = -1;
+#  endif
+        return i;
+}
+
+#  define get_mempolicy missing_get_mempolicy
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_PIDFD_SEND_SIGNAL
+static inline int missing_pidfd_send_signal(int fd, int sig, siginfo_t *info, unsigned flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_pidfd_send_signal
+        return syscall(__NR_pidfd_send_signal, fd, sig, info, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define pidfd_send_signal missing_pidfd_send_signal
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_PIDFD_OPEN
+static inline int missing_pidfd_open(pid_t pid, unsigned flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_pidfd_open
+        return syscall(__NR_pidfd_open, pid, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define pidfd_open missing_pidfd_open
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_RT_SIGQUEUEINFO
+static inline int missing_rt_sigqueueinfo(pid_t tgid, int sig, siginfo_t *info) {
+#  if defined __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo && __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_rt_sigqueueinfo, tgid, sig, info);
+#  else
+#    error "__NR_rt_sigqueueinfo not defined"
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define rt_sigqueueinfo missing_rt_sigqueueinfo
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_EXECVEAT
+static inline int missing_execveat(int dirfd, const char *pathname,
+                                   char *const argv[], char *const envp[],
+                                   int flags) {
+#  if defined __NR_execveat && __NR_execveat >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_execveat, dirfd, pathname, argv, envp, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  undef AT_EMPTY_PATH
+#  define AT_EMPTY_PATH 0x1000
+#  define execveat missing_execveat
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_CLOSE_RANGE
+static inline int missing_close_range(int first_fd, int end_fd, unsigned flags) {
+#  ifdef __NR_close_range
+        /* Kernel-side the syscall expects fds as unsigned integers (just like close() actually), while
+         * userspace exclusively uses signed integers for fds. We don't know just yet how glibc is going to
+         * wrap this syscall, but let's assume it's going to be similar to what they do for close(),
+         * i.e. make the same unsigned → signed type change from the raw kernel syscall compared to the
+         * userspace wrapper. There's only one caveat for this: unlike for close() there's the special
+         * UINT_MAX fd value for the 'end_fd' argument. Let's safely map that to -1 here. And let's refuse
+         * any other negative values. */
+        if ((first_fd < 0) || (end_fd < 0 && end_fd != -1)) {
+                errno = -EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        return syscall(__NR_close_range,
+                       (unsigned) first_fd,
+                       end_fd == -1 ? UINT_MAX : (unsigned) end_fd, /* Of course, the compiler should figure out that this is the identity mapping IRL */
+                       flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define close_range missing_close_range
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_EPOLL_PWAIT2
+
+/* Defined to be equivalent to the kernel's _NSIG_WORDS, i.e. the size of the array of longs that is
+ * encapsulated by sigset_t. */
+#define KERNEL_NSIG_WORDS (64 / (sizeof(long) * 8))
+#define KERNEL_NSIG_BYTES (KERNEL_NSIG_WORDS * sizeof(long))
+
+struct epoll_event;
+
+static inline int missing_epoll_pwait2(
+                int fd,
+                struct epoll_event *events,
+                int maxevents,
+                const struct timespec *timeout,
+                const sigset_t *sigset) {
+
+#  if defined(__NR_epoll_pwait2) && HAVE_LINUX_TIME_TYPES_H
+        if (timeout) {
+                /* Convert from userspace timespec to kernel timespec */
+                struct __kernel_timespec ts = {
+                        .tv_sec = timeout->tv_sec,
+                        .tv_nsec = timeout->tv_nsec,
+                };
+
+                return syscall(__NR_epoll_pwait2, fd, events, maxevents, &ts, sigset, sigset ? KERNEL_NSIG_BYTES : 0);
+        } else
+                return syscall(__NR_epoll_pwait2, fd, events, maxevents, NULL, sigset, sigset ? KERNEL_NSIG_BYTES : 0);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define epoll_pwait2 missing_epoll_pwait2
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_MOUNT_SETATTR
+
+#if !HAVE_STRUCT_MOUNT_ATTR
+struct mount_attr {
+        uint64_t attr_set;
+        uint64_t attr_clr;
+        uint64_t propagation;
+        uint64_t userns_fd;
+};
+#else
+struct mount_attr;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY       0x00000001 /* Mount read-only */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID       0x00000002 /* Ignore suid and sgid bits */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NODEV
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NODEV        0x00000004 /* Disallow access to device special files */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC       0x00000008 /* Disallow program execution */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME
+#define MOUNT_ATTR__ATIME       0x00000070 /* Setting on how atime should be updated */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_RELATIME
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_RELATIME     0x00000000 /* - Update atime relative to mtime/ctime. */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME      0x00000010 /* - Do not update access times. */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_STRICTATIME
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_STRICTATIME  0x00000020 /* - Always perform atime updates */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NODIRATIME
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NODIRATIME   0x00000080 /* Do not update directory access times */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP        0x00100000 /* Idmap mount to @userns_fd in struct mount_attr. */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_NOSYMFOLLOW
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_NOSYMFOLLOW  0x00200000 /* Do not follow symlinks */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_SIZE_VER0
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_SIZE_VER0    32 /* sizeof first published struct */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef AT_RECURSIVE
+#define AT_RECURSIVE 0x8000
+#endif
+
+static inline int missing_mount_setattr(
+                int dfd,
+                const char *path,
+                unsigned flags,
+                struct mount_attr *attr,
+                size_t size) {
+
+#  if defined __NR_mount_setattr && __NR_mount_setattr >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_mount_setattr, dfd, path, flags, attr, size);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define mount_setattr missing_mount_setattr
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_OPEN_TREE
+
+#ifndef OPEN_TREE_CLONE
+#define OPEN_TREE_CLONE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC
+#define OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC O_CLOEXEC
+#endif
+
+static inline int missing_open_tree(
+                int dfd,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned flags) {
+
+#  if defined __NR_open_tree && __NR_open_tree >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_open_tree, dfd, filename, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define open_tree missing_open_tree
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_MOVE_MOUNT
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH 0x00000004 /* Empty from path permitted */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_T_EMPTY_PATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_T_EMPTY_PATH 0x00000040 /* Empty to path permitted */
+#endif
+
+static inline int missing_move_mount(
+                int from_dfd,
+                const char *from_pathname,
+                int to_dfd,
+                const char *to_pathname,
+                unsigned flags) {
+
+#  if defined __NR_move_mount && __NR_move_mount >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_move_mount, from_dfd, from_pathname, to_dfd, to_pathname, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define move_mount missing_move_mount
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_FSOPEN
+
+#ifndef FSOPEN_CLOEXEC
+#define FSOPEN_CLOEXEC 0x00000001
+#endif
+
+static inline int missing_fsopen(const char *fsname, unsigned flags) {
+#  if defined __NR_fsopen && __NR_fsopen >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_fsopen, fsname, flags);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define fsopen missing_fsopen
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_FSCONFIG
+
+#ifndef FSCONFIG_SET_STRING
+#define FSCONFIG_SET_STRING 1 /* Set parameter, supplying a string value */
+#endif
+
+static inline int missing_fsconfig(int fd, unsigned cmd, const char *key, const void *value, int aux) {
+#  if defined __NR_fsconfig && __NR_fsconfig >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_fsconfig, fd, cmd, key, value, aux);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define fsconfig missing_fsconfig
+#endif
+
+/* ======================================================================= */
+
+#if !HAVE_GETDENTS64
+
+static inline ssize_t missing_getdents64(int fd, void *buffer, size_t length) {
+#  if defined __NR_getdents64 && __NR_getdents64 >= 0
+        return syscall(__NR_getdents64, fd, buffer, length);
+#  else
+        errno = ENOSYS;
+        return -1;
+#  endif
+}
+
+#  define getdents64 missing_getdents64
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_syscall_def.h b/src/basic/missing_syscall_def.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67cae70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_syscall_def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1199 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+ * This file is generated by src/basic/missing_syscalls.py. Do not edit!
+ *
+ * Use 'ninja -C build update-syscall-tables' to download new syscall tables,
+ * and 'ninja -C build update-syscall-header' to regenerate this file.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+/* Note: if this code looks strange, this is because it is derived from the same
+ * template as the per-syscall blocks below. */
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#    else
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "Current architecture is missing from the template"
+#    define missing_arch_template 1
+#  endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_bpf
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 280
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 515
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 280
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 386
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 357
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 1341
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 280
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 354
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 4355
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 6319
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 5315
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 341
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 361
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 280
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 280
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 351
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_bpf 349
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf (321 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_bpf 321
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "bpf() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_bpf && __NR_bpf >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_bpf
+assert_cc(__NR_bpf == systemd_NR_bpf);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_bpf
+#      undef __NR_bpf
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_bpf && systemd_NR_bpf >= 0
+#      define __NR_bpf systemd_NR_bpf
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_close_range
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 546
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 1460
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 4436
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 6436
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 5436
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range (436 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_close_range 436
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "close_range() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_close_range && __NR_close_range >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_close_range
+assert_cc(__NR_close_range == systemd_NR_close_range);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_close_range
+#      undef __NR_close_range
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_close_range && systemd_NR_close_range >= 0
+#      define __NR_close_range systemd_NR_close_range
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_copy_file_range
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 285
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 519
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 285
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 391
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 377
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 1347
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 285
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 376
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 4360
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 6324
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 5320
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 346
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 379
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 285
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 285
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 375
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 357
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range (326 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_copy_file_range 326
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "copy_file_range() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_copy_file_range && __NR_copy_file_range >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_copy_file_range
+assert_cc(__NR_copy_file_range == systemd_NR_copy_file_range);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_copy_file_range
+#      undef __NR_copy_file_range
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_copy_file_range && systemd_NR_copy_file_range >= 0
+#      define __NR_copy_file_range systemd_NR_copy_file_range
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_epoll_pwait2
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 551
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 1465
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 4441
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 6441
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 5441
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 (441 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 441
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "epoll_pwait2() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_epoll_pwait2 && __NR_epoll_pwait2 >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2
+assert_cc(__NR_epoll_pwait2 == systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_epoll_pwait2
+#      undef __NR_epoll_pwait2
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 && systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2 >= 0
+#      define __NR_epoll_pwait2 systemd_NR_epoll_pwait2
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_getrandom
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 278
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 511
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 278
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 384
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 355
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 1339
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 278
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 352
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 4353
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 6317
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 5313
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 339
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 359
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 278
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 278
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 349
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_getrandom 347
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom (318 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_getrandom 318
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "getrandom() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_getrandom && __NR_getrandom >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_getrandom
+assert_cc(__NR_getrandom == systemd_NR_getrandom);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_getrandom
+#      undef __NR_getrandom
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_getrandom && systemd_NR_getrandom >= 0
+#      define __NR_getrandom systemd_NR_getrandom
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_memfd_create
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 279
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 512
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 279
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 385
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 356
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 1340
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 279
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 353
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 4354
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 6318
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 5314
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 340
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 360
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 279
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 279
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 350
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_memfd_create 348
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create (319 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_memfd_create 319
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "memfd_create() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_memfd_create && __NR_memfd_create >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_memfd_create
+assert_cc(__NR_memfd_create == systemd_NR_memfd_create);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_memfd_create
+#      undef __NR_memfd_create
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_memfd_create && systemd_NR_memfd_create >= 0
+#      define __NR_memfd_create systemd_NR_memfd_create
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_mount_setattr
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 552
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 1466
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 4442
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 6442
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 5442
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr (442 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_mount_setattr 442
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "mount_setattr() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_mount_setattr && __NR_mount_setattr >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_mount_setattr
+assert_cc(__NR_mount_setattr == systemd_NR_mount_setattr);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_mount_setattr
+#      undef __NR_mount_setattr
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_mount_setattr && systemd_NR_mount_setattr >= 0
+#      define __NR_mount_setattr systemd_NR_mount_setattr
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_move_mount
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 539
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 1453
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 4429
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 6429
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 5429
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount (429 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_move_mount 429
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "move_mount() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_move_mount && __NR_move_mount >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_move_mount
+assert_cc(__NR_move_mount == systemd_NR_move_mount);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_move_mount
+#      undef __NR_move_mount
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_move_mount && systemd_NR_move_mount >= 0
+#      define __NR_move_mount systemd_NR_move_mount
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_name_to_handle_at
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 264
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 497
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 264
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 370
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 341
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 1326
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 264
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 340
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 4339
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 6303
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 5298
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 325
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 345
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 264
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 264
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 335
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 332
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at (303 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at 303
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "name_to_handle_at() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_name_to_handle_at && __NR_name_to_handle_at >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at
+assert_cc(__NR_name_to_handle_at == systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_name_to_handle_at
+#      undef __NR_name_to_handle_at
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at && systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at >= 0
+#      define __NR_name_to_handle_at systemd_NR_name_to_handle_at
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_open_tree
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 538
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 1452
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 4428
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 6428
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 5428
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree (428 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_open_tree 428
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "open_tree() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_open_tree && __NR_open_tree >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_open_tree
+assert_cc(__NR_open_tree == systemd_NR_open_tree);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_open_tree
+#      undef __NR_open_tree
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_open_tree && systemd_NR_open_tree >= 0
+#      define __NR_open_tree systemd_NR_open_tree
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_openat2
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 547
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 1461
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 4437
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 6437
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 5437
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 (437 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_openat2 437
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "openat2() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_openat2 && __NR_openat2 >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_openat2
+assert_cc(__NR_openat2 == systemd_NR_openat2);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_openat2
+#      undef __NR_openat2
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_openat2 && systemd_NR_openat2 >= 0
+#      define __NR_openat2 systemd_NR_openat2
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_pidfd_open
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 544
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 1458
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 4434
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 6434
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 5434
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open (434 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_open 434
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "pidfd_open() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_pidfd_open && __NR_pidfd_open >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pidfd_open
+assert_cc(__NR_pidfd_open == systemd_NR_pidfd_open);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_pidfd_open
+#      undef __NR_pidfd_open
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pidfd_open && systemd_NR_pidfd_open >= 0
+#      define __NR_pidfd_open systemd_NR_pidfd_open
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_pidfd_send_signal
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 534
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 1448
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 4424
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 6424
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 5424
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal (424 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal 424
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "pidfd_send_signal() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_pidfd_send_signal && __NR_pidfd_send_signal >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal
+assert_cc(__NR_pidfd_send_signal == systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_pidfd_send_signal
+#      undef __NR_pidfd_send_signal
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal && systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal >= 0
+#      define __NR_pidfd_send_signal systemd_NR_pidfd_send_signal
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_pkey_mprotect
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 288
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 524
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 288
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 394
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 380
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 1354
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 288
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 381
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 4363
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 6327
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 5323
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 351
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 386
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 288
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 288
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 384
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 362
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect (329 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect 329
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "pkey_mprotect() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_pkey_mprotect && __NR_pkey_mprotect >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect
+assert_cc(__NR_pkey_mprotect == systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_pkey_mprotect
+#      undef __NR_pkey_mprotect
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect && systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect >= 0
+#      define __NR_pkey_mprotect systemd_NR_pkey_mprotect
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_renameat2
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 276
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 510
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 276
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 382
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 353
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 1338
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 276
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 351
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 4351
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 6315
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 5311
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 337
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 357
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 276
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 276
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 347
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_renameat2 345
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 (316 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_renameat2 316
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "renameat2() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_renameat2 && __NR_renameat2 >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_renameat2
+assert_cc(__NR_renameat2 == systemd_NR_renameat2);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_renameat2
+#      undef __NR_renameat2
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_renameat2 && systemd_NR_renameat2 >= 0
+#      define __NR_renameat2 systemd_NR_renameat2
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_setns
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 268
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 501
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 268
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 375
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 346
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 1330
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 268
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 344
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 4344
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 6308
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 5303
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 328
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 350
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 268
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 268
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 339
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_setns 337
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_setns (308 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_setns 308
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "setns() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_setns && __NR_setns >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_setns
+assert_cc(__NR_setns == systemd_NR_setns);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_setns
+#      undef __NR_setns
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_setns && systemd_NR_setns >= 0
+#      define __NR_setns systemd_NR_setns
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_statx
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 291
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 522
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 291
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 397
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 383
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 1350
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 291
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 379
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 4366
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 6330
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 5326
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 349
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 383
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 291
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 291
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 379
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_statx 360
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_statx (332 | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_statx 332
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+#    warning "statx() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"
+#  endif
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_statx && __NR_statx >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_statx
+assert_cc(__NR_statx == systemd_NR_statx);
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_statx
+#      undef __NR_statx
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_statx && systemd_NR_statx >= 0
+#      define __NR_statx systemd_NR_statx
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_syscalls.py b/src/basic/missing_syscalls.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..642d4d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_syscalls.py
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+import sys
+import functools
+
+# We only generate numbers for a dozen or so syscalls
+SYSCALLS = [
+    'bpf',
+    'close_range',
+    'copy_file_range',
+    'epoll_pwait2',
+    'getrandom',
+    'memfd_create',
+    'mount_setattr',
+    'move_mount',
+    'name_to_handle_at',
+    'open_tree',
+    'openat2',
+    'pidfd_open',
+    'pidfd_send_signal',
+    'pkey_mprotect',
+    'renameat2',
+    'setns',
+    'statx',
+]
+
+def dictify(f):
+    def wrap(*args, **kwargs):
+        return dict(f(*args, **kwargs))
+    return functools.update_wrapper(wrap, f)
+
+@dictify
+def parse_syscall_table(filename):
+    print(f'Reading {filename}…')
+    for line in open(filename):
+        items = line.split()
+        if len(items) >= 2:
+            yield items[0], int(items[1])
+
+def parse_syscall_tables(filenames):
+    return {filename.split('-')[-1][:-4]: parse_syscall_table(filename)
+            for filename in filenames}
+
+DEF_TEMPLATE_A = '''\
+
+#ifndef __IGNORE_{syscall}
+'''
+
+DEF_TEMPLATE_B = '''\
+#  if defined(__aarch64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_arm64}
+#  elif defined(__alpha__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_alpha}
+#  elif defined(__arc__) || defined(__tilegx__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_arc}
+#  elif defined(__arm__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_arm}
+#  elif defined(__i386__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_i386}
+#  elif defined(__ia64__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_ia64}
+#  elif defined(__loongarch64)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_loongarch64}
+#  elif defined(__m68k__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_m68k}
+#  elif defined(_MIPS_SIM)
+#    if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_mipso32}
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_mips64n32}
+#    elif _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_mips64}
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown MIPS ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__hppa__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_parisc}
+#  elif defined(__powerpc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_powerpc}
+#  elif defined(__riscv)
+#    if __riscv_xlen == 32
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_riscv32}
+#    elif __riscv_xlen == 64
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_riscv64}
+#    else
+#      error "Unknown RISC-V ABI"
+#    endif
+#  elif defined(__s390__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_s390}
+#  elif defined(__sparc__)
+#    define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_sparc}
+#  elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#    if defined(__ILP32__)
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} ({nr_x86_64} | /* __X32_SYSCALL_BIT */ 0x40000000)
+#    else
+#      define systemd_NR_{syscall} {nr_x86_64}
+#    endif
+#  elif !defined(missing_arch_template)
+%s
+#  endif
+'''
+
+DEF_TEMPLATE_C = '''\
+
+/* may be an (invalid) negative number due to libseccomp, see PR 13319 */
+#  if defined __NR_{syscall} && __NR_{syscall} >= 0
+#    if defined systemd_NR_{syscall}
+assert_cc(__NR_{syscall} == systemd_NR_{syscall});
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    if defined __NR_{syscall}
+#      undef __NR_{syscall}
+#    endif
+#    if defined systemd_NR_{syscall} && systemd_NR_{syscall} >= 0
+#      define __NR_{syscall} systemd_NR_{syscall}
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif'''
+
+DEF_TEMPLATE = (DEF_TEMPLATE_A +
+                DEF_TEMPLATE_B % '#    warning "{syscall}() syscall number is unknown for your architecture"' +
+                DEF_TEMPLATE_C)
+
+ARCH_CHECK = '''\
+/* Note: if this code looks strange, this is because it is derived from the same
+ * template as the per-syscall blocks below. */
+''' + '\n'.join(line for line in DEF_TEMPLATE_B.splitlines()
+                       if ' define ' not in line) % '''\
+#    warning "Current architecture is missing from the template"
+#    define missing_arch_template 1'''
+
+def print_syscall_def(syscall, tables, out):
+    mappings = {f'nr_{arch}':t.get(syscall, -1)
+                for arch, t in tables.items()}
+    print(DEF_TEMPLATE.format(syscall=syscall, **mappings),
+          file=out)
+
+def print_syscall_defs(syscalls, tables, out):
+    print('''\
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+ * This file is generated by src/basic/missing_syscalls.py. Do not edit!
+ *
+ * Use 'ninja -C build update-syscall-tables' to download new syscall tables,
+ * and 'ninja -C build update-syscall-header' to regenerate this file.
+ */
+#pragma once
+''',
+          file=out)
+    print(ARCH_CHECK, file=out)
+    for syscall in syscalls:
+        print_syscall_def(syscall, tables, out)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    output_file = sys.argv[1]
+    arch_files = sys.argv[2:]
+    out = open(output_file, 'wt')
+
+    tables = parse_syscall_tables(arch_files)
+    print_syscall_defs(SYSCALLS, tables, out)
+
+    print(f'Wrote {output_file}')
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_threads.h b/src/basic/missing_threads.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb3b722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_threads.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* If threads.h doesn't exist, then define our own thread_local to match C11's thread_local. */
+#if HAVE_THREADS_H
+#  include <threads.h>
+#elif !(defined(thread_local))
+/* Don't break on glibc < 2.16 that doesn't define __STDC_NO_THREADS__
+ * see https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=53769 */
+#  if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L && !(defined(__STDC_NO_THREADS__) || (defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && __GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ < 16))
+#    define thread_local _Thread_local
+#  else
+#    define thread_local __thread
+#  endif
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_timerfd.h b/src/basic/missing_timerfd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dba3043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_timerfd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+
+#ifndef TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
+#define TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET (1 << 1)
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_type.h b/src/basic/missing_type.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f623309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_type.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+#if !HAVE_CHAR32_T
+#define char32_t uint32_t
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_CHAR16_T
+#define char16_t uint16_t
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/missing_xfs.h b/src/basic/missing_xfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba5fe81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/missing_xfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/* This is currently not exported in the public kernel headers, but the libxfs library code part of xfsprogs
+ * defines it as public header */
+
+#ifndef XFS_IOC_FSGEOMETRY
+#define XFS_IOC_FSGEOMETRY _IOR ('X', 124, struct xfs_fsop_geom)
+
+typedef struct xfs_fsop_geom {
+        uint32_t blocksize;
+        uint32_t rtextsize;
+        uint32_t agblocks;
+        uint32_t agcount;
+        uint32_t logblocks;
+        uint32_t sectsize;
+        uint32_t inodesize;
+        uint32_t imaxpct;
+        uint64_t datablocks;
+        uint64_t rtblocks;
+        uint64_t rtextents;
+        uint64_t logstart;
+        unsigned char uuid[16];
+        uint32_t sunit;
+        uint32_t swidth;
+        int32_t version;
+        uint32_t flags;
+        uint32_t logsectsize;
+        uint32_t rtsectsize;
+        uint32_t dirblocksize;
+        uint32_t logsunit;
+} xfs_fsop_geom_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef XFS_IOC_FSGROWFSDATA
+#define XFS_IOC_FSGROWFSDATA _IOW ('X', 110, struct xfs_growfs_data)
+
+typedef struct xfs_growfs_data {
+        uint64_t newblocks;
+        uint32_t imaxpct;
+} xfs_growfs_data_t;
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/mkdir.c b/src/basic/mkdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8ff342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mkdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+int mkdir_safe_internal(
+                const char *path,
+                mode_t mode,
+                uid_t uid,
+                gid_t gid,
+                MkdirFlags flags,
+                mkdirat_func_t _mkdirat) {
+
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(mode != MODE_INVALID);
+        assert(_mkdirat && _mkdirat != mkdirat);
+
+        if (_mkdirat(AT_FDCWD, path, mode) >= 0) {
+                r = chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if ((flags & MKDIR_FOLLOW_SYMLINK) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                r = chase_symlinks(path, NULL, CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &p, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return mkdir_safe_internal(p, mode, uid, gid,
+                                                   flags & ~MKDIR_FOLLOW_SYMLINK,
+                                                   _mkdirat);
+
+                if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & MKDIR_IGNORE_EXISTING)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                return log_full_errno(flags & MKDIR_WARN_MODE ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ENOTDIR),
+                                      "Path \"%s\" already exists and is not a directory, refusing.", path);
+
+        if ((st.st_mode & ~mode & 0777) != 0)
+                return log_full_errno(flags & MKDIR_WARN_MODE ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
+                                      "Directory \"%s\" already exists, but has mode %04o that is too permissive (%04o was requested), refusing.",
+                                      path, st.st_mode & 0777, mode);
+
+        if ((uid != UID_INVALID && st.st_uid != uid) ||
+            (gid != GID_INVALID && st.st_gid != gid)) {
+                char u[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)] = "-", g[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(gid_t)] = "-";
+
+                if (uid != UID_INVALID)
+                        xsprintf(u, UID_FMT, uid);
+                if (gid != UID_INVALID)
+                        xsprintf(g, GID_FMT, gid);
+                return log_full_errno(flags & MKDIR_WARN_MODE ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST),
+                                      "Directory \"%s\" already exists, but is owned by "UID_FMT":"GID_FMT" (%s:%s was requested), refusing.",
+                                      path, st.st_uid, st.st_gid, u, g);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mkdirat_errno_wrapper(int dirfd, const char *pathname, mode_t mode) {
+        return RET_NERRNO(mkdirat(dirfd, pathname, mode));
+}
+
+int mkdir_safe(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags) {
+        return mkdir_safe_internal(path, mode, uid, gid, flags, mkdirat_errno_wrapper);
+}
+
+int mkdir_parents_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags, mkdirat_func_t _mkdirat) {
+        const char *p, *e = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(_mkdirat != mkdirat);
+
+        if (prefix) {
+                p = path_startswith_full(path, prefix, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOTDIR;
+        } else
+                p = path;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!path_is_safe(p))
+                return -ENOTDIR;
+
+        /* return immediately if directory exists */
+        r = path_find_last_component(p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false, &e, NULL);
+        if (r <= 0) /* r == 0 means path is equivalent to prefix. */
+                return r;
+        if (e == p)
+                return 0;
+
+        assert(e > p);
+        assert(*e == '/');
+
+        /* drop the last component */
+        path = strndupa_safe(path, e - path);
+        r = is_dir(path, true);
+        if (r > 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -ENOTDIR;
+
+        /* create every parent directory in the path, except the last component */
+        for (p = path;;) {
+                char *s;
+                int n;
+
+                n = path_find_first_component(&p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false, (const char **) &s);
+                if (n <= 0)
+                        return n;
+
+                assert(p);
+                assert(s >= path);
+                assert(IN_SET(s[n], '/', '\0'));
+
+                s[n] = '\0';
+
+                if (!prefix || !path_startswith_full(prefix, path, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false)) {
+                        r = mkdir_safe_internal(path, mode, uid, gid, flags | MKDIR_IGNORE_EXISTING, _mkdirat);
+                        if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                s[n] = *p == '\0' ? '\0' : '/';
+        }
+}
+
+int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+        return mkdir_parents_internal(NULL, path, mode, UID_INVALID, UID_INVALID, 0, mkdirat_errno_wrapper);
+}
+
+int mkdir_parents_safe(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags) {
+        return mkdir_parents_internal(prefix, path, mode, uid, gid, flags, mkdirat_errno_wrapper);
+}
+
+int mkdir_p_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags, mkdirat_func_t _mkdirat) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Like mkdir -p */
+
+        assert(_mkdirat != mkdirat);
+
+        r = mkdir_parents_internal(prefix, path, mode, uid, gid, flags | MKDIR_FOLLOW_SYMLINK, _mkdirat);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!uid_is_valid(uid) && !gid_is_valid(gid) && flags == 0) {
+                r = _mkdirat(AT_FDCWD, path, mode);
+                if (r < 0 && (r != -EEXIST || is_dir(path, true) <= 0))
+                        return r;
+        } else {
+                r = mkdir_safe_internal(path, mode, uid, gid, flags, _mkdirat);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+        return mkdir_p_internal(NULL, path, mode, UID_INVALID, UID_INVALID, 0, mkdirat_errno_wrapper);
+}
+
+int mkdir_p_safe(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags) {
+        return mkdir_p_internal(prefix, path, mode, uid, gid, flags, mkdirat_errno_wrapper);
+}
+
+int mkdir_p_root(const char *root, const char *p, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t m) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pp = NULL, *bn = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int dfd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(p, &pp);
+        if (r == -EDESTADDRREQ) {
+                /* only fname is passed, no prefix to operate on */
+                dfd = open(".", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (dfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+                /* only root dir or "." was passed, i.e. there is no parent to extract, in that case there's nothing to do. */
+                return 0;
+        else if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        else {
+                /* Extracting the parent dir worked, hence we aren't top-level? Recurse up first. */
+                r = mkdir_p_root(root, pp, uid, gid, m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                dfd = chase_symlinks_and_open(pp, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY, NULL);
+                if (dfd < 0)
+                        return dfd;
+        }
+
+        r = path_extract_filename(p, &bn);
+        if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL) /* Already top-level */
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mkdirat(dfd, bn, m) < 0) {
+                if (errno == EEXIST)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (uid_is_valid(uid) || gid_is_valid(gid)) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int nfd = -1;
+
+                nfd = openat(dfd, bn, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+                if (nfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (fchown(nfd, uid, gid) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/mkdir.h b/src/basic/mkdir.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0c0ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mkdir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+typedef enum MkdirFlags {
+        MKDIR_FOLLOW_SYMLINK  = 1 << 0,
+        MKDIR_IGNORE_EXISTING = 1 << 1,  /* Quietly accept a preexisting directory (or file) */
+        MKDIR_WARN_MODE       = 1 << 2,  /* Log at LOG_WARNING when mode doesn't match */
+} MkdirFlags;
+
+int mkdirat_errno_wrapper(int dirfd, const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
+
+int mkdir_safe(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags);
+int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+int mkdir_parents_safe(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags);
+int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+int mkdir_p_safe(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags);
+int mkdir_p_root(const char *root, const char *p, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t m);
+
+/* The following are used to implement the mkdir_xyz_label() calls, don't use otherwise. */
+typedef int (*mkdirat_func_t)(int dir_fd, const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
+int mkdir_safe_internal(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags, mkdirat_func_t _mkdir);
+int mkdir_parents_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags, mkdirat_func_t _mkdir);
+int mkdir_p_internal(const char *prefix, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, MkdirFlags flags, mkdirat_func_t _mkdir);
diff --git a/src/basic/mountpoint-util.c b/src/basic/mountpoint-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c95179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mountpoint-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "filesystems.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "missing_stat.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "mountpoint-util.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+/* This is the original MAX_HANDLE_SZ definition from the kernel, when the API was introduced. We use that in place of
+ * any more currently defined value to future-proof things: if the size is increased in the API headers, and our code
+ * is recompiled then it would cease working on old kernels, as those refuse any sizes larger than this value with
+ * EINVAL right-away. Hence, let's disconnect ourselves from any such API changes, and stick to the original definition
+ * from when it was introduced. We use it as a start value only anyway (see below), and hence should be able to deal
+ * with large file handles anyway. */
+#define ORIGINAL_MAX_HANDLE_SZ 128
+
+int name_to_handle_at_loop(
+                int fd,
+                const char *path,
+                struct file_handle **ret_handle,
+                int *ret_mnt_id,
+                int flags) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ struct file_handle *h = NULL;
+        size_t n = ORIGINAL_MAX_HANDLE_SZ;
+
+        assert((flags & ~(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW|AT_EMPTY_PATH)) == 0);
+
+        /* We need to invoke name_to_handle_at() in a loop, given that it might return EOVERFLOW when the specified
+         * buffer is too small. Note that in contrast to what the docs might suggest, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is only good as a
+         * start value, it is not an upper bound on the buffer size required.
+         *
+         * This improves on raw name_to_handle_at() also in one other regard: ret_handle and ret_mnt_id can be passed
+         * as NULL if there's no interest in either. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                int mnt_id = -1;
+
+                h = malloc0(offsetof(struct file_handle, f_handle) + n);
+                if (!h)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                h->handle_bytes = n;
+
+                if (name_to_handle_at(fd, path, h, &mnt_id, flags) >= 0) {
+
+                        if (ret_handle)
+                                *ret_handle = TAKE_PTR(h);
+
+                        if (ret_mnt_id)
+                                *ret_mnt_id = mnt_id;
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (!ret_handle && ret_mnt_id && mnt_id >= 0) {
+
+                        /* As it appears, name_to_handle_at() fills in mnt_id even when it returns EOVERFLOW when the
+                         * buffer is too small, but that's undocumented. Hence, let's make use of this if it appears to
+                         * be filled in, and the caller was interested in only the mount ID an nothing else. */
+
+                        *ret_mnt_id = mnt_id;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                /* If name_to_handle_at() didn't increase the byte size, then this EOVERFLOW is caused by something
+                 * else (apparently EOVERFLOW is returned for untriggered nfs4 mounts sometimes), not by the too small
+                 * buffer. In that case propagate EOVERFLOW */
+                if (h->handle_bytes <= n)
+                        return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+                /* The buffer was too small. Size the new buffer by what name_to_handle_at() returned. */
+                n = h->handle_bytes;
+                if (offsetof(struct file_handle, f_handle) + n < n) /* check for addition overflow */
+                        return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+                h = mfree(h);
+        }
+}
+
+static int fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(int fd, const char *filename, int flags, int *ret_mnt_id) {
+        char path[STRLEN("/proc/self/fdinfo/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fdinfo = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int subfd = -1;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret_mnt_id);
+        assert((flags & ~(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW|AT_EMPTY_PATH)) == 0);
+
+        if ((flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH) && isempty(filename))
+                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", fd);
+        else {
+                subfd = openat(fd, filename, O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW ? 0 : O_NOFOLLOW));
+                if (subfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", subfd);
+        }
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(path, &fdinfo, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* The fdinfo directory is a relatively new addition */
+                return proc_mounted() > 0 ? -EOPNOTSUPP : -ENOSYS;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = startswith(fdinfo, "mnt_id:");
+        if (!p) {
+                p = strstr(fdinfo, "\nmnt_id:");
+                if (!p) /* The mnt_id field is a relatively new addition */
+                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+                p += 8;
+        }
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        p[strcspn(p, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
+
+        return safe_atoi(p, ret_mnt_id);
+}
+
+static bool filename_possibly_with_slash_suffix(const char *s) {
+        const char *slash, *copied;
+
+        /* Checks whether the specified string is either file name, or a filename with a suffix of
+         * slashes. But nothing else.
+         *
+         * this is OK: foo, bar, foo/, bar/, foo//, bar///
+         * this is not OK: "", "/", "/foo", "foo/bar", ".", ".." … */
+
+        slash = strchr(s, '/');
+        if (!slash)
+                return filename_is_valid(s);
+
+        if (slash - s > PATH_MAX) /* We want to allocate on the stack below, hence do a size check first */
+                return false;
+
+        if (slash[strspn(slash, "/")] != 0) /* Check that the suffix consist only of one or more slashes */
+                return false;
+
+        copied = strndupa_safe(s, slash - s);
+        return filename_is_valid(copied);
+}
+
+static bool is_name_to_handle_at_fatal_error(int err) {
+        /* name_to_handle_at() can return "acceptable" errors that are due to the context. For
+         * example the kernel does not support name_to_handle_at() at all (ENOSYS), or the syscall
+         * was blocked (EACCES/EPERM; maybe through seccomp, because we are running inside of a
+         * container), or the mount point is not triggered yet (EOVERFLOW, think nfs4), or some
+         * general name_to_handle_at() flakiness (EINVAL). However other errors are not supposed to
+         * happen and therefore are considered fatal ones. */
+
+        assert(err < 0);
+
+        return !IN_SET(err, -EOPNOTSUPP, -ENOSYS, -EACCES, -EPERM, -EOVERFLOW, -EINVAL);
+}
+
+int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct file_handle *h = NULL, *h_parent = NULL;
+        int mount_id = -1, mount_id_parent = -1;
+        bool nosupp = false, check_st_dev = true;
+        STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(sx);
+        struct stat a, b;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert((flags & ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) == 0);
+
+        if (!filename) {
+                /* If the file name is specified as NULL we'll see if the specified 'fd' is a mount
+                 * point. That's only supported if the kernel supports statx(), or if the inode specified via
+                 * 'fd' refers to a directory. Otherwise, we'll have to fail (ENOTDIR), because we have no
+                 * kernel API to query the information we need. */
+                flags |= AT_EMPTY_PATH;
+                filename = "";
+        } else if (!filename_possibly_with_slash_suffix(filename))
+                /* Insist that the specified filename is actually a filename, and not a path, i.e. some inode further
+                 * up or down the tree then immediately below the specified directory fd. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* First we will try statx()' STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT attribute, which is our ideal API, available
+         * since kernel 5.8.
+         *
+         * If that fails, our second try is the name_to_handle_at() syscall, which tells us the mount id and
+         * an opaque file "handle". It is not supported everywhere though (kernel compile-time option, not
+         * all file systems are hooked up). If it works the mount id is usually good enough to tell us
+         * whether something is a mount point.
+         *
+         * If that didn't work we will try to read the mount id from /proc/self/fdinfo/<fd>. This is almost
+         * as good as name_to_handle_at(), however, does not return the opaque file handle. The opaque file
+         * handle is pretty useful to detect the root directory, which we should always consider a mount
+         * point. Hence we use this only as fallback. Exporting the mnt_id in fdinfo is a pretty recent
+         * kernel addition.
+         *
+         * As last fallback we do traditional fstat() based st_dev comparisons. This is how things were
+         * traditionally done, but unionfs breaks this since it exposes file systems with a variety of st_dev
+         * reported. Also, btrfs subvolumes have different st_dev, even though they aren't real mounts of
+         * their own. */
+
+        if (statx(fd, filename, (FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? 0 : AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) |
+                                (flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH) |
+                                AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT, STATX_TYPE, &sx) < 0) {
+                if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* If statx() is not available or forbidden, fall back to name_to_handle_at() below */
+        } else if (FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_attributes_mask, STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT)) /* yay! */
+                return FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_attributes, STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT);
+        else if (FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_mask, STATX_TYPE) && S_ISLNK(sx.stx_mode))
+                return false; /* symlinks are never mount points */
+
+        r = name_to_handle_at_loop(fd, filename, &h, &mount_id, flags);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (is_name_to_handle_at_fatal_error(r))
+                        return r;
+                if (r != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        goto fallback_fdinfo;
+
+                /* This kernel or file system does not support name_to_handle_at(), hence let's see
+                 * if the upper fs supports it (in which case it is a mount point), otherwise fall
+                 * back to the traditional stat() logic */
+                nosupp = true;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(filename))
+                r = name_to_handle_at_loop(fd, "..", &h_parent, &mount_id_parent, 0); /* can't work for non-directories 😢 */
+        else
+                r = name_to_handle_at_loop(fd, "", &h_parent, &mount_id_parent, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (is_name_to_handle_at_fatal_error(r))
+                        return r;
+                if (r != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        goto fallback_fdinfo;
+                if (nosupp)
+                        /* Both the parent and the directory can't do name_to_handle_at() */
+                        goto fallback_fdinfo;
+
+                /* The parent can't do name_to_handle_at() but the directory we are
+                 * interested in can?  If so, it must be a mount point. */
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* The parent can do name_to_handle_at() but the directory we are interested in can't? If
+         * so, it must be a mount point. */
+        if (nosupp)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* If the file handle for the directory we are interested in and its parent are identical,
+         * we assume this is the root directory, which is a mount point. */
+
+        if (h->handle_bytes == h_parent->handle_bytes &&
+            h->handle_type == h_parent->handle_type &&
+            memcmp(h->f_handle, h_parent->f_handle, h->handle_bytes) == 0)
+                return 1;
+
+        return mount_id != mount_id_parent;
+
+fallback_fdinfo:
+        r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, filename, flags, &mount_id);
+        if (IN_SET(r, -EOPNOTSUPP, -EACCES, -EPERM, -ENOSYS))
+                goto fallback_fstat;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(filename))
+                r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, "..", 0, &mount_id_parent); /* can't work for non-directories 😢 */
+        else
+                r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &mount_id_parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mount_id != mount_id_parent)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* Hmm, so, the mount ids are the same. This leaves one special case though for the root file
+         * system. For that, let's see if the parent directory has the same inode as we are interested
+         * in. Hence, let's also do fstat() checks now, too, but avoid the st_dev comparisons, since they
+         * aren't that useful on unionfs mounts. */
+        check_st_dev = false;
+
+fallback_fstat:
+        /* yay for fstatat() taking a different set of flags than the other _at() above */
+        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW)
+                flags &= ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW;
+        else
+                flags |= AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
+        if (fstatat(fd, filename, &a, flags) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (S_ISLNK(a.st_mode)) /* Symlinks are never mount points */
+                return false;
+
+        if (isempty(filename))
+                r = fstatat(fd, "..", &b, 0);
+        else
+                r = fstatat(fd, "", &b, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* A directory with same device and inode as its parent? Must be the root directory */
+        if (stat_inode_same(&a, &b))
+                return 1;
+
+        return check_st_dev && (a.st_dev != b.st_dev);
+}
+
+/* flags can be AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW or 0 */
+int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, const char *root, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *canonical = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert((flags & ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) == 0);
+
+        if (path_equal(t, "/"))
+                return 1;
+
+        /* we need to resolve symlinks manually, we can't just rely on
+         * fd_is_mount_point() to do that for us; if we have a structure like
+         * /bin -> /usr/bin/ and /usr is a mount point, then the parent that we
+         * look at needs to be /usr, not /. */
+        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) {
+                r = chase_symlinks(t, root, CHASE_TRAIL_SLASH, &canonical, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                t = canonical;
+        }
+
+        fd = open_parent(t, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        return fd_is_mount_point(fd, last_path_component(t), flags);
+}
+
+int path_get_mnt_id(const char *path, int *ret) {
+        STRUCT_NEW_STATX_DEFINE(buf);
+        int r;
+
+        if (statx(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW|AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT, STATX_MNT_ID, &buf.sx) < 0) {
+                if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* Fall back to name_to_handle_at() and then fdinfo if statx is not supported or we lack
+                 * privileges */
+
+        } else if (FLAGS_SET(buf.nsx.stx_mask, STATX_MNT_ID)) {
+                *ret = buf.nsx.stx_mnt_id;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = name_to_handle_at_loop(AT_FDCWD, path, NULL, ret, 0);
+        if (r == 0 || is_name_to_handle_at_fatal_error(r))
+                return r;
+
+        return fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(AT_FDCWD, path, 0, ret);
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
+        const char *x;
+
+        x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
+        if (x)
+                fstype = x;
+
+        if (nulstr_contains(filesystem_sets[FILESYSTEM_SET_NETWORK].value, fstype))
+                return true;
+
+        /* Filesystems not present in the internal database */
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "davfs",
+                          "glusterfs",
+                          "lustre",
+                          "sshfs");
+}
+
+bool fstype_needs_quota(const char *fstype) {
+       /* 1. quotacheck needs to be run for some filesystems after they are mounted
+        *    if the filesystem was not unmounted cleanly.
+        * 2. You may need to run quotaon to enable quota usage tracking and/or
+        *    enforcement.
+        * ext2     - needs 1) and 2)
+        * ext3     - needs 2) if configured using usrjquota/grpjquota mount options
+        * ext4     - needs 1) if created without journal, needs 2) if created without QUOTA
+        *            filesystem feature
+        * reiserfs - needs 2).
+        * jfs      - needs 2)
+        * f2fs     - needs 2) if configured using usrjquota/grpjquota/prjjquota mount options
+        * xfs      - nothing needed
+        * gfs2     - nothing needed
+        * ocfs2    - nothing needed
+        * btrfs    - nothing needed
+        * for reference see filesystem and quota manpages */
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "ext2",
+                          "ext3",
+                          "ext4",
+                          "reiserfs",
+                          "jfs",
+                          "f2fs");
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_api_vfs(const char *fstype) {
+        const FilesystemSet *fs;
+
+        FOREACH_POINTER(fs,
+                filesystem_sets + FILESYSTEM_SET_BASIC_API,
+                filesystem_sets + FILESYSTEM_SET_AUXILIARY_API,
+                filesystem_sets + FILESYSTEM_SET_PRIVILEGED_API,
+                filesystem_sets + FILESYSTEM_SET_TEMPORARY)
+            if (nulstr_contains(fs->value, fstype))
+                    return true;
+
+        /* Filesystems not present in the internal database */
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "autofs",
+                          "cpuset",
+                          "devtmpfs");
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_blockdev_backed(const char *fstype) {
+        const char *x;
+
+        x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
+        if (x)
+                fstype = x;
+
+        return !streq(fstype, "9p") && !fstype_is_network(fstype) && !fstype_is_api_vfs(fstype);
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_ro(const char *fstype) {
+        /* All Linux file systems that are necessarily read-only */
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "DM_verity_hash",
+                          "cramfs",
+                          "erofs",
+                          "iso9660",
+                          "squashfs");
+}
+
+bool fstype_can_discard(const char *fstype) {
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "btrfs",
+                          "f2fs",
+                          "ext4",
+                          "vfat",
+                          "xfs");
+}
+
+bool fstype_can_uid_gid(const char *fstype) {
+
+        /* All file systems that have a uid=/gid= mount option that fixates the owners of all files and directories,
+         * current and future. */
+
+        return STR_IN_SET(fstype,
+                          "adfs",
+                          "exfat",
+                          "fat",
+                          "hfs",
+                          "hpfs",
+                          "iso9660",
+                          "msdos",
+                          "ntfs",
+                          "vfat");
+}
+
+int dev_is_devtmpfs(void) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
+        int mount_id, r;
+        char *e;
+
+        r = path_get_mnt_id("/dev", &mount_id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re", &proc_self_mountinfo);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return proc_mounted() > 0 ? -ENOENT : -ENOSYS;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                int mid;
+
+                r = read_line(proc_self_mountinfo, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (sscanf(line, "%i", &mid) != 1)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (mid != mount_id)
+                        continue;
+
+                e = strstrafter(line, " - ");
+                if (!e)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* accept any name that starts with the currently expected type */
+                if (startswith(e, "devtmpfs"))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+const char *mount_propagation_flags_to_string(unsigned long flags) {
+
+        switch (flags & (MS_SHARED|MS_SLAVE|MS_PRIVATE)) {
+        case 0:
+                return "";
+        case MS_SHARED:
+                return "shared";
+        case MS_SLAVE:
+                return "slave";
+        case MS_PRIVATE:
+                return "private";
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int mount_propagation_flags_from_string(const char *name, unsigned long *ret) {
+
+        if (isempty(name))
+                *ret = 0;
+        else if (streq(name, "shared"))
+                *ret = MS_SHARED;
+        else if (streq(name, "slave"))
+                *ret = MS_SLAVE;
+        else if (streq(name, "private"))
+                *ret = MS_PRIVATE;
+        else
+                return -EINVAL;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/mountpoint-util.h b/src/basic/mountpoint-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2b493a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mountpoint-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+int name_to_handle_at_loop(int fd, const char *path, struct file_handle **ret_handle, int *ret_mnt_id, int flags);
+
+int path_get_mnt_id(const char *path, int *ret);
+
+int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags);
+int path_is_mount_point(const char *path, const char *root, int flags);
+
+bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
+bool fstype_needs_quota(const char *fstype);
+bool fstype_is_api_vfs(const char *fstype);
+bool fstype_is_blockdev_backed(const char *fstype);
+bool fstype_is_ro(const char *fsype);
+bool fstype_can_discard(const char *fstype);
+bool fstype_can_uid_gid(const char *fstype);
+
+int dev_is_devtmpfs(void);
+
+const char *mount_propagation_flags_to_string(unsigned long flags);
+int mount_propagation_flags_from_string(const char *name, unsigned long *ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/namespace-util.c b/src/basic/namespace-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a87a875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/namespace-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "missing_fs.h"
+#include "missing_magic.h"
+#include "missing_sched.h"
+#include "namespace-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+const struct namespace_info namespace_info[] = {
+        [NAMESPACE_CGROUP] =  { "cgroup", "ns/cgroup", CLONE_NEWCGROUP,                          },
+        [NAMESPACE_IPC]    =  { "ipc",    "ns/ipc",    CLONE_NEWIPC,                             },
+        [NAMESPACE_NET]    =  { "net",    "ns/net",    CLONE_NEWNET,                             },
+        /* So, the mount namespace flag is called CLONE_NEWNS for historical
+         * reasons. Let's expose it here under a more explanatory name: "mnt".
+         * This is in-line with how the kernel exposes namespaces in /proc/$PID/ns. */
+        [NAMESPACE_MOUNT]  =  { "mnt",    "ns/mnt",    CLONE_NEWNS,                              },
+        [NAMESPACE_PID]    =  { "pid",    "ns/pid",    CLONE_NEWPID,                             },
+        [NAMESPACE_USER]   =  { "user",   "ns/user",   CLONE_NEWUSER,                            },
+        [NAMESPACE_UTS]    =  { "uts",    "ns/uts",    CLONE_NEWUTS,                             },
+        [NAMESPACE_TIME]   =  { "time",   "ns/time",   CLONE_NEWTIME,                            },
+        { /* Allow callers to iterate over the array without using _NAMESPACE_TYPE_MAX. */       },
+};
+
+#define pid_namespace_path(pid, type) procfs_file_alloca(pid, namespace_info[type].proc_path)
+
+int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *userns_fd, int *root_fd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1, usernsfd = -1;
+        int rfd = -1;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        if (mntns_fd) {
+                const char *mntns;
+
+                mntns = pid_namespace_path(pid, NAMESPACE_MOUNT);
+                mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (mntnsfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (pidns_fd) {
+                const char *pidns;
+
+                pidns = pid_namespace_path(pid, NAMESPACE_PID);
+                pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (pidnsfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (netns_fd) {
+                const char *netns;
+
+                netns = pid_namespace_path(pid, NAMESPACE_NET);
+                netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (netnsfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (userns_fd) {
+                const char *userns;
+
+                userns = pid_namespace_path(pid, NAMESPACE_USER);
+                usernsfd = open(userns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (usernsfd < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (root_fd) {
+                const char *root;
+
+                root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
+                rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (rfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (pidns_fd)
+                *pidns_fd = TAKE_FD(pidnsfd);
+
+        if (mntns_fd)
+                *mntns_fd = TAKE_FD(mntnsfd);
+
+        if (netns_fd)
+                *netns_fd = TAKE_FD(netnsfd);
+
+        if (userns_fd)
+                *userns_fd = TAKE_FD(usernsfd);
+
+        if (root_fd)
+                *root_fd = TAKE_FD(rfd);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int userns_fd, int root_fd) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (userns_fd >= 0) {
+                /* Can't setns to your own userns, since then you could escalate from non-root to root in
+                 * your own namespace, so check if namespaces are equal before attempting to enter. */
+
+                r = files_same(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(userns_fd), "/proc/self/ns/user", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r)
+                        userns_fd = -1;
+        }
+
+        if (pidns_fd >= 0)
+                if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (mntns_fd >= 0)
+                if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (netns_fd >= 0)
+                if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (userns_fd >= 0)
+                if (setns(userns_fd, CLONE_NEWUSER) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (root_fd >= 0) {
+                if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (chroot(".") < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return reset_uid_gid();
+}
+
+int fd_is_ns(int fd, unsigned long nsflag) {
+        struct statfs s;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Checks whether the specified file descriptor refers to a namespace created by specifying nsflag in clone().
+         * On old kernels there's no nice way to detect that, hence on those we'll return a recognizable error (EUCLEAN),
+         * so that callers can handle this somewhat nicely.
+         *
+         * This function returns > 0 if the fd definitely refers to a network namespace, 0 if it definitely does not
+         * refer to a network namespace, -EUCLEAN if we can't determine, and other negative error codes on error. */
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!is_fs_type(&s, NSFS_MAGIC)) {
+                /* On really old kernels, there was no "nsfs", and network namespace sockets belonged to procfs
+                 * instead. Handle that in a somewhat smart way. */
+
+                if (is_fs_type(&s, PROC_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+                        struct statfs t;
+
+                        /* OK, so it is procfs. Let's see if our own network namespace is procfs, too. If so, then the
+                         * passed fd might refer to a network namespace, but we can't know for sure. In that case,
+                         * return a recognizable error. */
+
+                        if (statfs("/proc/self/ns/net", &t) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        if (s.f_type == t.f_type)
+                                return -EUCLEAN; /* It's possible, we simply don't know */
+                }
+
+                return 0; /* No! */
+        }
+
+        r = ioctl(fd, NS_GET_NSTYPE);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOTTY) /* Old kernels didn't know this ioctl, let's also return a recognizable error in that case */
+                        return -EUCLEAN;
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return (unsigned long) r == nsflag;
+}
+
+int detach_mount_namespace(void) {
+
+        /* Detaches the mount namespace, disabling propagation from our namespace to the host */
+
+        if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL));
+}
+
+int userns_acquire(const char *uid_map, const char *gid_map) {
+        char path[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1];
+        _cleanup_(sigkill_waitp) pid_t pid = 0;
+        _cleanup_close_ int userns_fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(uid_map);
+        assert(gid_map);
+
+        /* Forks off a process in a new userns, configures the specified uidmap/gidmap, acquires an fd to it,
+         * and then kills the process again. This way we have a userns fd that is not bound to any
+         * process. We can use that for file system mounts and similar. */
+
+        r = safe_fork("(sd-mkuserns)", FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS|FORK_DEATHSIG|FORK_NEW_USERNS, &pid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                /* Child. We do nothing here, just freeze until somebody kills us. */
+                freeze();
+
+        xsprintf(path, "/proc/" PID_FMT "/uid_map", pid);
+        r = write_string_file(path, uid_map, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
+
+        xsprintf(path, "/proc/" PID_FMT "/gid_map", pid);
+        r = write_string_file(path, gid_map, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
+
+        r = namespace_open(pid, NULL, NULL, NULL, &userns_fd, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open userns fd: %m");
+
+        return TAKE_FD(userns_fd);
+
+}
+
+int in_same_namespace(pid_t pid1, pid_t pid2, NamespaceType type) {
+        const char *ns_path;
+        struct stat ns_st1, ns_st2;
+
+        if (pid1 == 0)
+                pid1 = getpid_cached();
+
+        if (pid2 == 0)
+                pid2 = getpid_cached();
+
+        if (pid1 == pid2)
+                return 1;
+
+        ns_path = pid_namespace_path(pid1, type);
+        if (stat(ns_path, &ns_st1) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        ns_path = pid_namespace_path(pid2, type);
+        if (stat(ns_path, &ns_st2) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return stat_inode_same(&ns_st1, &ns_st2);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/namespace-util.h b/src/basic/namespace-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be5b228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/namespace-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+typedef enum NamespaceType {
+        NAMESPACE_CGROUP,
+        NAMESPACE_IPC,
+        NAMESPACE_NET,
+        NAMESPACE_MOUNT,
+        NAMESPACE_PID,
+        NAMESPACE_USER,
+        NAMESPACE_UTS,
+        NAMESPACE_TIME,
+        _NAMESPACE_TYPE_MAX,
+        _NAMESPACE_TYPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} NamespaceType;
+
+extern const struct namespace_info {
+        const char *proc_name;
+        const char *proc_path;
+        unsigned int clone_flag;
+} namespace_info[_NAMESPACE_TYPE_MAX + 1];
+
+int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *userns_fd, int *root_fd);
+int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int userns_fd, int root_fd);
+
+int fd_is_ns(int fd, unsigned long nsflag);
+
+int detach_mount_namespace(void);
+
+static inline bool userns_shift_range_valid(uid_t shift, uid_t range) {
+        /* Checks that the specified userns range makes sense, i.e. contains at least one UID, and the end
+         * doesn't overflow uid_t. */
+
+        assert_cc((uid_t) -1 > 0); /* verify that uid_t is unsigned */
+
+        if (range <= 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (shift > (uid_t) -1 - range)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int userns_acquire(const char *uid_map, const char *gid_map);
+int in_same_namespace(pid_t pid1, pid_t pid2, NamespaceType type);
diff --git a/src/basic/nss-util.h b/src/basic/nss-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579e2c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/nss-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <nss.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <resolv.h>
+
+#define NSS_SIGNALS_BLOCK SIGALRM,SIGVTALRM,SIGPIPE,SIGCHLD,SIGTSTP,SIGIO,SIGHUP,SIGUSR1,SIGUSR2,SIGPROF,SIGURG,SIGWINCH
+
+#ifndef DEPRECATED_RES_USE_INET6
+#  define DEPRECATED_RES_USE_INET6 0x00002000
+#endif
+
+#define NSS_GETHOSTBYNAME_PROTOTYPES(module)            \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname4_r(       \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct gaih_addrtuple **pat,            \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,             \
+                int32_t *ttlp) _public_;                \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname3_r(       \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,             \
+                int32_t *ttlp,                          \
+                char **canonp) _public_;                \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname2_r(       \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) _public_;   \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname_r(        \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_GETHOSTBYADDR_PROTOTYPES(module)            \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyaddr2_r(       \
+                const void* addr, socklen_t len,        \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,             \
+                int32_t *ttlp) _public_;                \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyaddr_r(        \
+                const void* addr, socklen_t len,        \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_GETHOSTBYNAME_FALLBACKS(module)             \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname2_r(       \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) {           \
+        return _nss_##module##_gethostbyname3_r(        \
+                        name,                           \
+                        af,                             \
+                        host,                           \
+                        buffer, buflen,                 \
+                        errnop, h_errnop,               \
+                        NULL,                           \
+                        NULL);                          \
+}                                                       \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyname_r(        \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) {           \
+        enum nss_status ret = NSS_STATUS_NOTFOUND;      \
+                                                        \
+        if (_res.options & DEPRECATED_RES_USE_INET6)    \
+                ret = _nss_##module##_gethostbyname3_r( \
+                        name,                           \
+                        AF_INET6,                       \
+                        host,                           \
+                        buffer, buflen,                 \
+                        errnop, h_errnop,               \
+                        NULL,                           \
+                        NULL);                          \
+        if (ret == NSS_STATUS_NOTFOUND)                 \
+                ret = _nss_##module##_gethostbyname3_r( \
+                        name,                           \
+                        AF_INET,                        \
+                        host,                           \
+                        buffer, buflen,                 \
+                        errnop, h_errnop,               \
+                        NULL,                           \
+                        NULL);                          \
+       return ret;                                      \
+}
+
+#define NSS_GETHOSTBYADDR_FALLBACKS(module)             \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_gethostbyaddr_r(        \
+                const void* addr, socklen_t len,        \
+                int af,                                 \
+                struct hostent *host,                   \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop) {           \
+        return _nss_##module##_gethostbyaddr2_r(        \
+                        addr, len,                      \
+                        af,                             \
+                        host,                           \
+                        buffer, buflen,                 \
+                        errnop, h_errnop,               \
+                        NULL);                          \
+}
+
+#define NSS_GETPW_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getpwnam_r(             \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct passwd *pwd,                     \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_;                  \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getpwuid_r(             \
+                uid_t uid,                              \
+                struct passwd *pwd,                     \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_GETSP_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getspnam_r(             \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct spwd *spwd,                      \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_GETSG_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getsgnam_r(             \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct sgrp *sgrp,                      \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_GETGR_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getgrnam_r(             \
+                const char *name,                       \
+                struct group *gr,                       \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_;                  \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getgrgid_r(             \
+                gid_t gid,                              \
+                struct group *gr,                       \
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,            \
+                int *errnop) _public_
+
+#define NSS_PWENT_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_endpwent(               \
+                void) _public_;                         \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_setpwent(               \
+                int stayopen) _public_;                 \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getpwent_r(             \
+                struct passwd *result,                  \
+                char *buffer,                           \
+                size_t buflen,                          \
+                int *errnop) _public_;
+
+#define NSS_SPENT_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_endspent(               \
+                void) _public_;                         \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_setspent(               \
+                int stayopen) _public_;                 \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getspent_r(             \
+                struct spwd *spwd,                      \
+                char *buffer,                           \
+                size_t buflen,                          \
+                int *errnop) _public_;
+
+#define NSS_GRENT_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_endgrent(               \
+                void) _public_;                         \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_setgrent(               \
+                int stayopen) _public_;                 \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getgrent_r(             \
+                struct group *result,                   \
+                char *buffer,                           \
+                size_t buflen,                          \
+                int *errnop) _public_;
+
+#define NSS_SGENT_PROTOTYPES(module)                    \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_endsgent(               \
+                void) _public_;                         \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_setsgent(               \
+                int stayopen) _public_;                 \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_getsgent_r(             \
+                struct sgrp *sgrp,                      \
+                char *buffer,                           \
+                size_t buflen,                          \
+                int *errnop) _public_;
+
+#define NSS_INITGROUPS_PROTOTYPE(module)                \
+enum nss_status _nss_##module##_initgroups_dyn(         \
+                const char *user,                       \
+                gid_t group,                            \
+                long int *start,                        \
+                long int *size,                         \
+                gid_t **groupsp,                        \
+                long int limit,                         \
+                int *errnop) _public_;
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyname4_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                struct gaih_addrtuple **pat,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,
+                int32_t *ttlp);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyname3_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                int af,
+                struct hostent *result,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,
+                int32_t *ttlp,
+                char **canonp);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyname2_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                int af,
+                struct hostent *result,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyname_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                struct hostent *result,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyaddr2_r_t)(
+                const void* addr, socklen_t len,
+                int af,
+                struct hostent *result,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop,
+                int32_t *ttlp);
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_gethostbyaddr_r_t)(
+                const void* addr, socklen_t len,
+                int af,
+                struct hostent *host,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop, int *h_errnop);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_getpwnam_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                struct passwd *pwd,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop);
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_getpwuid_r_t)(
+                uid_t uid,
+                struct passwd *pwd,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop);
+
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_getgrnam_r_t)(
+                const char *name,
+                struct group *gr,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop);
+typedef enum nss_status (*_nss_getgrgid_r_t)(
+                gid_t gid,
+                struct group *gr,
+                char *buffer, size_t buflen,
+                int *errnop);
diff --git a/src/basic/nulstr-util.c b/src/basic/nulstr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbafc8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/nulstr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+const char* nulstr_get(const char *nulstr, const char *needle) {
+        const char *i;
+
+        if (!nulstr)
+                return NULL;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
+                if (streq(i, needle))
+                        return i;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/nulstr-util.h b/src/basic/nulstr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d1fbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/nulstr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define NULSTR_FOREACH(i, l)                                    \
+        for ((i) = (l); (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((i), 0)+1)
+
+#define NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(i, j, l)                             \
+        for ((i) = (l), (j) = strchr((i), 0)+1; (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((j), 0)+1, (j) = *(i) ? strchr((i), 0)+1 : (i))
+
+const char* nulstr_get(const char *nulstr, const char *needle);
+
+static inline bool nulstr_contains(const char *nulstr, const char *needle) {
+        return nulstr_get(nulstr, needle);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/ordered-set.c b/src/basic/ordered-set.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c2588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ordered-set.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "ordered-set.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+int _ordered_set_ensure_allocated(OrderedSet **s, const struct hash_ops *ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        if (*s)
+                return 0;
+
+        *s = _ordered_set_new(ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (!*s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int _ordered_set_ensure_put(OrderedSet **s, const struct hash_ops *ops, void *p  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _ordered_set_ensure_allocated(s, ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ordered_set_put(*s, p);
+}
+
+int ordered_set_consume(OrderedSet *s, void *p) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = ordered_set_put(s, p);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                free(p);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int _ordered_set_put_strdup(OrderedSet **s, const char *p  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        char *c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(p);
+
+        r = _ordered_set_ensure_allocated(s, &string_hash_ops_free  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ordered_set_contains(*s, p))
+                return 0;
+
+        c = strdup(p);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return ordered_set_consume(*s, c);
+}
+
+int _ordered_set_put_strdupv(OrderedSet **s, char **l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int n = 0, r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                r = _ordered_set_put_strdup(s, *i  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                n += r;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+int ordered_set_put_string_set(OrderedSet **s, OrderedSet *l) {
+        int n = 0, r;
+        char *p;
+
+        /* Like ordered_set_put_strv, but for an OrderedSet of strings */
+
+        ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(p, l) {
+                r = ordered_set_put_strdup(s, p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                n += r;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+void ordered_set_print(FILE *f, const char *field, OrderedSet *s) {
+        bool space = false;
+        char *p;
+
+        if (ordered_set_isempty(s))
+                return;
+
+        fputs(field, f);
+
+        ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(p, s)
+                fputs_with_space(f, p, NULL, &space);
+
+        fputc('\n', f);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/ordered-set.h b/src/basic/ordered-set.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e73da20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ordered-set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+typedef struct OrderedSet OrderedSet;
+
+static inline OrderedSet* _ordered_set_new(const struct hash_ops *ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        return (OrderedSet*) _ordered_hashmap_new(ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+}
+#define ordered_set_new(ops) _ordered_set_new(ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int _ordered_set_ensure_allocated(OrderedSet **s, const struct hash_ops *ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define ordered_set_ensure_allocated(s, ops) _ordered_set_ensure_allocated(s, ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int _ordered_set_ensure_put(OrderedSet **s, const struct hash_ops *ops, void *p  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define ordered_set_ensure_put(s, hash_ops, key) _ordered_set_ensure_put(s, hash_ops, key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+static inline void ordered_set_clear(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_clear((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline void ordered_set_clear_free(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_clear_free((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline OrderedSet* ordered_set_free(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return (OrderedSet*) ordered_hashmap_free((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline OrderedSet* ordered_set_free_free(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return (OrderedSet*) ordered_hashmap_free_free((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline int ordered_set_contains(OrderedSet *s, const void *p) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_contains((OrderedHashmap*) s, p);
+}
+
+static inline int ordered_set_put(OrderedSet *s, void *p) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_put((OrderedHashmap*) s, p, p);
+}
+
+static inline void *ordered_set_get(OrderedSet *s, const void *p) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_get((OrderedHashmap*) s, p);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned ordered_set_size(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_size((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline bool ordered_set_isempty(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_isempty((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline bool ordered_set_iterate(OrderedSet *s, Iterator *i, void **value) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_iterate((OrderedHashmap*) s, i, value, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void* ordered_set_remove(OrderedSet *s, void *p) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_remove((OrderedHashmap*) s, p);
+}
+
+static inline void* ordered_set_first(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_first((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline void* ordered_set_steal_first(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_steal_first((OrderedHashmap*) s);
+}
+
+static inline char** ordered_set_get_strv(OrderedSet *s) {
+        return _hashmap_get_strv(HASHMAP_BASE((OrderedHashmap*) s));
+}
+
+static inline int ordered_set_reserve(OrderedSet *s, unsigned entries_add) {
+        return ordered_hashmap_reserve((OrderedHashmap*) s, entries_add);
+}
+
+int ordered_set_consume(OrderedSet *s, void *p);
+int _ordered_set_put_strdup(OrderedSet **s, const char *p  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define ordered_set_put_strdup(s, p) _ordered_set_put_strdup(s, p  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+int _ordered_set_put_strdupv(OrderedSet **s, char **l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define ordered_set_put_strdupv(s, l) _ordered_set_put_strdupv(s, l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+int ordered_set_put_string_set(OrderedSet **s, OrderedSet *l);
+void ordered_set_print(FILE *f, const char *field, OrderedSet *s);
+
+#define _ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(e, s, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; ordered_set_iterate((s), &i, (void**)&(e)); )
+#define ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(e, s) \
+        _ORDERED_SET_FOREACH(e, s, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define ordered_set_clear_with_destructor(s, f)                 \
+        ({                                                      \
+                OrderedSet *_s = (s);                           \
+                void *_item;                                    \
+                while ((_item = ordered_set_steal_first(_s)))   \
+                        f(_item);                               \
+                _s;                                             \
+        })
+#define ordered_set_free_with_destructor(s, f)                  \
+        ordered_set_free(ordered_set_clear_with_destructor(s, f))
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedSet*, ordered_set_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(OrderedSet*, ordered_set_free_free);
+
+#define _cleanup_ordered_set_free_ _cleanup_(ordered_set_freep)
+#define _cleanup_ordered_set_free_free_ _cleanup_(ordered_set_free_freep)
diff --git a/src/basic/os-util.c b/src/basic/os-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f8bb08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/os-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "os-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
+
+bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
+        if (!filename_is_valid(s))
+                return false;
+
+        if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
+        if (startswith(s, ".#"))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int path_is_extension_tree(const char *path, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Does the path exist at all? If not, generate an error immediately. This is useful so that a missing root dir
+         * always results in -ENOENT, and we can properly distinguish the case where the whole root doesn't exist from
+         * the case where just the os-release file is missing. */
+        if (laccess(path, F_OK) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* We use /usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release[.NAME] as flag for something being a system extension,
+         * and {/etc|/usr/lib}/os-release as a flag for something being an OS (when not an extension). */
+        r = open_extension_release(path, extension, relax_extension_release_check, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* We got nothing */
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int extension_release_strict_xattr_value(int extension_release_fd, const char *extension_release_dir_path, const char *filename) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(extension_release_fd >= 0);
+        assert(extension_release_dir_path);
+        assert(filename);
+
+        /* No xattr or cannot parse it? Then skip this. */
+        _cleanup_free_ char *extension_release_xattr = NULL;
+        r = fgetxattr_malloc(extension_release_fd, "user.extension-release.strict", &extension_release_xattr);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!ERRNO_IS_XATTR_ABSENT(r))
+                        return log_debug_errno(r,
+                                               "%s/%s: Failed to read 'user.extension-release.strict' extended attribute from file, ignoring: %m",
+                                               extension_release_dir_path, filename);
+
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "%s/%s does not have user.extension-release.strict xattr, ignoring.", extension_release_dir_path, filename);
+        }
+
+        /* Explicitly set to request strict matching? Skip it. */
+        r = parse_boolean(extension_release_xattr);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r,
+                                       "%s/%s: Failed to parse 'user.extension-release.strict' extended attribute from file, ignoring: %m",
+                                       extension_release_dir_path, filename);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                log_debug("%s/%s: 'user.extension-release.strict' attribute is true, ignoring file.",
+                          extension_release_dir_path, filename);
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("%s/%s: 'user.extension-release.strict' attribute is false%s",
+                  extension_release_dir_path, filename,
+                  special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ELLIPSIS));
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int open_extension_release(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char **ret_path, int *ret_fd) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *q = NULL;
+        int r, fd;
+
+        if (extension) {
+                const char *extension_full_path;
+
+                if (!image_name_is_valid(extension))
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                               "The extension name %s is invalid.", extension);
+
+                extension_full_path = strjoina("/usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.", extension);
+                r = chase_symlinks(extension_full_path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT,
+                                   ret_path ? &q : NULL,
+                                   ret_fd ? &fd : NULL);
+                log_full_errno_zerook(LOG_DEBUG, MIN(r, 0), "Checking for %s: %m", extension_full_path);
+
+                /* Cannot find the expected extension-release file? The image filename might have been
+                 * mangled on deployment, so fallback to checking for any file in the extension-release.d
+                 * directory, and return the first one with a user.extension-release xattr instead.
+                 * The user.extension-release.strict xattr is checked to ensure the author of the image
+                 * considers it OK if names do not match. */
+                if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *extension_release_dir_path = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *extension_release_dir = NULL;
+
+                        r = chase_symlinks_and_opendir("/usr/lib/extension-release.d/", root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT,
+                                                       &extension_release_dir_path, &extension_release_dir);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot open %s/usr/lib/extension-release.d/, ignoring: %m", root);
+
+                        r = -ENOENT;
+                        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, extension_release_dir, return -errno) {
+                                int k;
+
+                                if (!IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_REG, DT_UNKNOWN))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                const char *image_name = startswith(de->d_name, "extension-release.");
+                                if (!image_name)
+                                        continue;
+
+                                if (!image_name_is_valid(image_name)) {
+                                        log_debug("%s/%s is not a valid extension-release file name, ignoring.",
+                                                  extension_release_dir_path, de->d_name);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                /* We already chased the directory, and checked that
+                                 * this is a real file, so we shouldn't fail to open it. */
+                                _cleanup_close_ int extension_release_fd = openat(dirfd(extension_release_dir),
+                                                                                  de->d_name,
+                                                                                  O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW);
+                                if (extension_release_fd < 0)
+                                        return log_debug_errno(errno,
+                                                               "Failed to open extension-release file %s/%s: %m",
+                                                               extension_release_dir_path,
+                                                               de->d_name);
+
+                                /* Really ensure it is a regular file after we open it. */
+                                if (fd_verify_regular(extension_release_fd) < 0) {
+                                        log_debug("%s/%s is not a regular file, ignoring.", extension_release_dir_path, de->d_name);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                if (!relax_extension_release_check) {
+                                        k = extension_release_strict_xattr_value(extension_release_fd,
+                                                                                 extension_release_dir_path,
+                                                                                 de->d_name);
+                                        if (k != 0)
+                                                continue;
+                                }
+
+                                /* We already found what we were looking for, but there's another candidate?
+                                 * We treat this as an error, as we want to enforce that there are no ambiguities
+                                 * in case we are in the fallback path.*/
+                                if (r == 0) {
+                                        r = -ENOTUNIQ;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+
+                                r = 0; /* Found it! */
+
+                                if (ret_fd)
+                                        fd = TAKE_FD(extension_release_fd);
+
+                                if (ret_path) {
+                                        q = path_join(extension_release_dir_path, de->d_name);
+                                        if (!q)
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        } else {
+                const char *var = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_OS_RELEASE");
+                if (var)
+                        r = chase_symlinks(var, root, 0,
+                                           ret_path ? &q : NULL,
+                                           ret_fd ? &fd : NULL);
+                else
+                        FOREACH_STRING(path, "/etc/os-release", "/usr/lib/os-release") {
+                                r = chase_symlinks(path, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT,
+                                                   ret_path ? &q : NULL,
+                                                   ret_fd ? &fd : NULL);
+                                if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_fd) {
+                int real_fd;
+
+                /* Convert the O_PATH fd into a proper, readable one */
+                real_fd = fd_reopen(fd, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+                safe_close(fd);
+                if (real_fd < 0)
+                        return real_fd;
+
+                *ret_fd = real_fd;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(q);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fopen_extension_release(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        FILE *f;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!ret_file)
+                return open_extension_release(root, extension, relax_extension_release_check, ret_path, NULL);
+
+        r = open_extension_release(root, extension, relax_extension_release_check, ret_path ? &p : NULL, &fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        f = take_fdopen(&fd, "r");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret_path)
+                *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(p);
+        *ret_file = f;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_release_internal(const char *root, bool relax_extension_release_check, const char *extension, va_list ap) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = fopen_extension_release(root, extension, relax_extension_release_check, &p, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return parse_env_filev(f, p, ap);
+}
+
+int _parse_extension_release(const char *root, bool relax_extension_release_check, const char *extension, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, extension);
+        r = parse_release_internal(root, relax_extension_release_check, extension, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int _parse_os_release(const char *root, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, root);
+        r = parse_release_internal(root, /* relax_extension_release_check= */ false, NULL, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int load_os_release_pairs(const char *root, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = fopen_os_release(root, &p, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return load_env_file_pairs(f, p, ret);
+}
+
+int load_os_release_pairs_with_prefix(const char *root, const char *prefix, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **os_release_pairs = NULL, **os_release_pairs_prefixed = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = load_os_release_pairs(root, &os_release_pairs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(p, q, os_release_pairs) {
+                char *line;
+
+                /* We strictly return only the four main ID fields and ignore the rest */
+                if (!STR_IN_SET(*p, "ID", "VERSION_ID", "BUILD_ID", "VARIANT_ID"))
+                        continue;
+
+                ascii_strlower(*p);
+                line = strjoin(prefix, *p, "=", *q);
+                if (!line)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                r = strv_consume(&os_release_pairs_prefixed, line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(os_release_pairs_prefixed);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int load_extension_release_pairs(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = fopen_extension_release(root, extension, relax_extension_release_check, &p, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return load_env_file_pairs(f, p, ret);
+}
+
+int os_release_support_ended(const char *support_end, bool quiet) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *_support_end_alloc = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!support_end) {
+                /* If the caller has the variably handy, they can pass it in. If not, we'll read it
+                 * ourselves. */
+
+                r = parse_os_release(NULL,
+                                     "SUPPORT_END", &_support_end_alloc);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_full_errno((r == -ENOENT || quiet) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+                                              "Failed to read os-release file, ignoring: %m");
+                if (!_support_end_alloc)
+                        return false;  /* no end date defined */
+
+                support_end = _support_end_alloc;
+        }
+
+        struct tm tm = {};
+
+        const char *k = strptime(support_end, "%Y-%m-%d", &tm);
+        if (!k || *k)
+                return log_full_errno(quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                      "Failed to parse SUPPORT_END= in os-release file, ignoring: %m");
+
+        time_t eol = mktime(&tm);
+        if (eol == (time_t) -1)
+                return log_full_errno(quiet ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                      "Failed to convert SUPPORT_END= in os-release file, ignoring: %m");
+
+        usec_t ts = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+        return DIV_ROUND_UP(ts, USEC_PER_SEC) > (usec_t) eol;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/os-util.h b/src/basic/os-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d22f5ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/os-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* The *_extension_release flavours will look for /usr/lib/extension-release/extension-release.NAME
+ * in accordance with the OS extension specification, rather than for /usr/lib/ or /etc/os-release. */
+
+bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int path_is_extension_tree(const char *path, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check);
+static inline int path_is_os_tree(const char *path) {
+        return path_is_extension_tree(path, NULL, false);
+}
+
+int open_extension_release(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char **ret_path, int *ret_fd);
+static inline int open_os_release(const char *root, char **ret_path, int *ret_fd) {
+        return open_extension_release(root, NULL, false, ret_path, ret_fd);
+}
+
+int fopen_extension_release(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file);
+static inline int fopen_os_release(const char *root, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file) {
+        return fopen_extension_release(root, NULL, false, ret_path, ret_file);
+}
+
+int _parse_extension_release(const char *root, bool relax_extension_release_check, const char *extension, ...) _sentinel_;
+int _parse_os_release(const char *root, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define parse_extension_release(root, relax_extension_release_check, extension, ...) _parse_extension_release(root, relax_extension_release_check, extension, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+#define parse_os_release(root, ...) _parse_os_release(root, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+
+int load_extension_release_pairs(const char *root, const char *extension, bool relax_extension_release_check, char ***ret);
+int load_os_release_pairs(const char *root, char ***ret);
+int load_os_release_pairs_with_prefix(const char *root, const char *prefix, char ***ret);
+
+int os_release_support_ended(const char *support_end, bool quiet);
diff --git a/src/basic/parse-util.c b/src/basic/parse-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbebf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/parse-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_network.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
+        if (!v)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (STRCASE_IN_SET(v,
+                           "1",
+                           "yes",
+                           "y",
+                           "true",
+                           "t",
+                           "on"))
+                return 1;
+
+        if (STRCASE_IN_SET(v,
+                           "0",
+                           "no",
+                           "n",
+                           "false",
+                           "f",
+                           "off"))
+                return 0;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
+        unsigned long ul = 0;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_pid);
+
+        r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        pid = (pid_t) ul;
+
+        if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (!pid_is_valid(pid))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret_pid = pid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret) {
+        unsigned m;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = safe_atou_full(s, 8 |
+                           SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS, /* Leading '+' or even '-' char? that's just weird,
+                                                        * refuse. User might have wanted to add mode flags or
+                                                        * so, but this parser doesn't allow that, so let's
+                                                        * better be safe. */
+                           &m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (m > 07777)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = m;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_ifindex(const char *s) {
+        int ifi, r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = safe_atoi(s, &ifi);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (ifi <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return ifi;
+}
+
+int parse_mtu(int family, const char *s, uint32_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t u, m;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_size(s, 1024, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (u > UINT32_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+                m = IPV4_MIN_MTU; /* This is 68 */
+                break;
+        case AF_INET6:
+                m = IPV6_MIN_MTU; /* This is 1280 */
+                break;
+        default:
+                m = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (u < m)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (uint32_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size) {
+
+        /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffixes, and
+         * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
+         * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
+         * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
+         * hardware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
+         * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
+         * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
+         *
+         * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
+         * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
+         * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
+         * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
+         * call. */
+
+        struct table {
+                const char *suffix;
+                unsigned long long factor;
+        };
+
+        static const struct table iec[] = {
+                { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "K", 1024ULL },
+                { "B", 1ULL },
+                { "",  1ULL },
+        };
+
+        static const struct table si[] = {
+                { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "K", 1000ULL },
+                { "B", 1ULL },
+                { "",  1ULL },
+        };
+
+        const struct table *table;
+        const char *p;
+        unsigned long long r = 0;
+        unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(IN_SET(base, 1000, 1024));
+        assert(size);
+
+        if (base == 1000) {
+                table = si;
+                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
+        } else {
+                table = iec;
+                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
+        }
+
+        p = t;
+        do {
+                unsigned long long l, tmp;
+                double frac = 0;
+                char *e;
+                unsigned i;
+
+                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+
+                errno = 0;
+                l = strtoull(p, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (e == p)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                if (*p == '-')
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        e++;
+
+                        /* strtoull() itself would accept space/+/- */
+                        if (ascii_isdigit(*e)) {
+                                unsigned long long l2;
+                                char *e2;
+
+                                l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
+                                if (errno > 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
+                                frac = l2;
+                                for (; e < e2; e++)
+                                        frac /= 10;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
+
+                for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
+                        if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix))
+                                break;
+
+                if (i >= n_entries)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
+                if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                r += tmp;
+                if ((unsigned long long) (uint64_t) r != r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
+
+                start_pos = i + 1;
+
+        } while (*p);
+
+        *size = r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_range(const char *t, unsigned *lower, unsigned *upper) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+        unsigned l, u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lower);
+        assert(upper);
+
+        /* Extract the lower bound. */
+        r = extract_first_word(&t, &word, "-", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = safe_atou(word, &l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Check for the upper bound and extract it if needed */
+        if (!t)
+                /* Single number with no dashes. */
+                u = l;
+        else if (!*t)
+                /* Trailing dash is an error. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+        else {
+                r = safe_atou(t, &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *lower = l;
+        *upper = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_errno(const char *t) {
+        int r, e;
+
+        assert(t);
+
+        r = errno_from_name(t);
+        if (r > 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = safe_atoi(t, &e);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* 0 is also allowed here */
+        if (!errno_is_valid(e) && e != 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return e;
+}
+
+static const char *mangle_base(const char *s, unsigned *base) {
+        const char *k;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(base);
+
+        /* Base already explicitly specified, then don't do anything. */
+        if (SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(*base) != 0)
+                return s;
+
+        /* Support Python 3 style "0b" and 0x" prefixes, because they truly make sense, much more than C's "0" prefix for octal. */
+        k = STARTSWITH_SET(s, "0b", "0B");
+        if (k) {
+                *base = 2 | (*base & SAFE_ATO_ALL_FLAGS);
+                return k;
+        }
+
+        k = STARTSWITH_SET(s, "0o", "0O");
+        if (k) {
+                *base = 8 | (*base & SAFE_ATO_ALL_FLAGS);
+                return k;
+        }
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+int safe_atou_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned *ret_u) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(base) <= 16);
+
+        /* strtoul() is happy to parse negative values, and silently converts them to unsigned values without
+         * generating an error. We want a clean error, hence let's look for the "-" prefix on our own, and
+         * generate an error. But let's do so only after strtoul() validated that the string is clean
+         * otherwise, so that we return EINVAL preferably over ERANGE. */
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE) &&
+            strchr(WHITESPACE, s[0]))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS) &&
+            IN_SET(s[0], '+', '-'))
+                return -EINVAL; /* Note that we check the "-" prefix again a second time below, but return a
+                                 * different error. I.e. if the SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS flag is set we
+                                 * blanket refuse +/- prefixed integers, while if it is missing we'll just
+                                 * return ERANGE, because the string actually parses correctly, but doesn't
+                                 * fit in the return type. */
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_ZERO) &&
+            s[0] == '0' && !streq(s, "0"))
+                return -EINVAL; /* This is particularly useful to avoid ambiguities between C's octal
+                                 * notation and assumed-to-be-decimal integers with a leading zero. */
+
+        s = mangle_base(s, &base);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoul(s, &x, SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(base) /* Let's mask off the flags bits so that only the actual
+                                                      * base is left */);
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (l != 0 && s[0] == '-')
+                return -ERANGE;
+        if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret_u)
+                *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
+        unsigned base = 0;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+        s = mangle_base(s, &base);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtol(s, &x, base);
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if ((long) (int) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret_i)
+                *ret_i = (int) l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atollu_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned long long *ret_llu) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(base) <= 16);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE) &&
+            strchr(WHITESPACE, s[0]))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS) &&
+            IN_SET(s[0], '+', '-'))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(base, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_ZERO) &&
+            s[0] == '0' && s[1] != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        s = mangle_base(s, &base);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoull(s, &x, SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(base));
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (l != 0 && s[0] == '-')
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret_llu)
+                *ret_llu = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
+        unsigned base = 0;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+        s = mangle_base(s, &base);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoll(s, &x, base);
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret_lli)
+                *ret_lli = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou8_full(const char *s, unsigned base, uint8_t *ret) {
+        unsigned u;
+        int r;
+
+        r = safe_atou_full(s, base, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (u > UINT8_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (uint8_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou16_full(const char *s, unsigned base, uint16_t *ret) {
+        unsigned u;
+        int r;
+
+        r = safe_atou_full(s, base, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (u > UINT16_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (uint16_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
+        unsigned base = 0;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+        s = mangle_base(s, &base);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtol(s, &x, base);
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = (int16_t) l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
+        _cleanup_(freelocalep) locale_t loc = (locale_t) 0;
+        char *x = NULL;
+        double d = 0;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
+        if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
+        if (errno > 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (!x || x == s || *x != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret_d)
+                *ret_d = (double) d;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_fractional_part_u(const char **p, size_t digits, unsigned *res) {
+        unsigned val = 0;
+        const char *s;
+
+        s = *p;
+
+        /* accept any number of digits, strtoull is limited to 19 */
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < digits; i++,s++) {
+                if (!ascii_isdigit(*s)) {
+                        if (i == 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        /* too few digits, pad with 0 */
+                        for (; i < digits; i++)
+                                val *= 10;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                val *= 10;
+                val += *s - '0';
+        }
+
+        /* maybe round up */
+        if (*s >= '5' && *s <= '9')
+                val++;
+
+        s += strspn(s, DIGITS);
+
+        *p = s;
+        *res = val;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_nice(const char *p, int *ret) {
+        int n, r;
+
+        r = safe_atoi(p, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!nice_is_valid(n))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = n;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_ip_port(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
+        uint16_t l;
+        int r;
+
+        r = safe_atou16_full(s, SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE, &l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (l == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = (uint16_t) l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_ip_port_range(const char *s, uint16_t *low, uint16_t *high) {
+        unsigned l, h;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_range(s, &l, &h);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (l <= 0 || l > 65535 || h <= 0 || h > 65535)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (h < l)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *low = l;
+        *high = h;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_ip_prefix_length(const char *s, int *ret) {
+        unsigned l;
+        int r;
+
+        r = safe_atou(s, &l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (l > 128)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (int) l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_oom_score_adjust(const char *s, int *ret) {
+        int r, v;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = safe_atoi(s, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!oom_score_adjust_is_valid(v))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = v;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int store_loadavg_fixed_point(unsigned long i, unsigned long f, loadavg_t *ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (i >= (~0UL << LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS))
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        i = i << LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS;
+        f = DIV_ROUND_UP((f << LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS), 100);
+
+        if (f >= LOADAVG_FIXED_POINT_1_0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = i | f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_loadavg_fixed_point(const char *s, loadavg_t *ret) {
+        const char *d, *f_str, *i_str;
+        unsigned long i, f;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        d = strchr(s, '.');
+        if (!d)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        i_str = strndupa_safe(s, d - s);
+        f_str = d + 1;
+
+        r = safe_atolu_full(i_str, 10, &i);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = safe_atolu_full(f_str, 10, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return store_loadavg_fixed_point(i, f, ret);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/parse-util.h b/src/basic/parse-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8d523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/parse-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef unsigned long loadavg_t;
+
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
+int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid);
+int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret);
+int parse_ifindex(const char *s);
+int parse_mtu(int family, const char *s, uint32_t *ret);
+
+int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size);
+int parse_range(const char *t, unsigned *lower, unsigned *upper);
+int parse_errno(const char *t);
+
+#define SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS (1U << 30)
+#define SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_ZERO (1U << 29)
+#define SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE (1U << 28)
+#define SAFE_ATO_ALL_FLAGS (SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS|SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_ZERO|SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE)
+#define SAFE_ATO_MASK_FLAGS(base) ((base) & ~SAFE_ATO_ALL_FLAGS)
+
+int safe_atou_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned *ret_u);
+
+static inline int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
+        return safe_atou_full(s, 0, ret_u);
+}
+
+int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i);
+int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_i);
+
+int safe_atou8_full(const char *s, unsigned base, uint8_t *ret);
+
+static inline int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
+        return safe_atou8_full(s, 0, ret);
+}
+
+int safe_atou16_full(const char *s, unsigned base, uint16_t *ret);
+
+static inline int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
+        return safe_atou16_full(s, 0, ret);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoux16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
+        return safe_atou16_full(s, 16, ret);
+}
+
+int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret);
+
+static inline int safe_atou32_full(const char *s, unsigned base, uint32_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
+        return safe_atou_full(s, base, (unsigned*) ret_u);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atou32(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_u) {
+        return safe_atou32_full(s, 0, (unsigned*) ret_u);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoi32(const char *s, int32_t *ret_i) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
+        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_i);
+}
+
+int safe_atollu_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned long long *ret_llu);
+
+static inline int safe_atollu(const char *s, unsigned long long *ret_llu) {
+        return safe_atollu_full(s, 0, ret_llu);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atou64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
+        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoi64(const char *s, int64_t *ret_i) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(long long int));
+        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_i);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoux64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
+        return safe_atollu_full(s, 16, (unsigned long long*) ret);
+}
+
+#if LONG_MAX == INT_MAX
+static inline int safe_atolu_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned long *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
+        return safe_atou_full(s, base, (unsigned*) ret_u);
+}
+static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(int));
+        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_u);
+}
+#else
+static inline int safe_atolu_full(const char *s, unsigned base, unsigned long *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
+        return safe_atollu_full(s, base, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
+}
+static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(long long int));
+        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_u);
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
+        return safe_atolu_full(s, 0, ret_u);
+}
+
+#if SIZE_MAX == UINT_MAX
+static inline int safe_atozu(const char *s, size_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
+        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned *) ret_u);
+}
+#else
+static inline int safe_atozu(const char *s, size_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(unsigned long));
+        return safe_atolu(s, ret_u);
+}
+#endif
+
+int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d);
+
+int parse_fractional_part_u(const char **s, size_t digits, unsigned *res);
+
+int parse_nice(const char *p, int *ret);
+
+int parse_ip_port(const char *s, uint16_t *ret);
+int parse_ip_port_range(const char *s, uint16_t *low, uint16_t *high);
+
+int parse_ip_prefix_length(const char *s, int *ret);
+
+int parse_oom_score_adjust(const char *s, int *ret);
+
+/* Implement floating point using fixed integers, to improve performance when
+ * calculating load averages. These macros can be used to extract the integer
+ * and decimal parts of a value. */
+#define LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS  11
+#define LOADAVG_FIXED_POINT_1_0 (1 << LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS)
+#define LOADAVG_INT_SIDE(x)     ((x) >> LOADAVG_PRECISION_BITS)
+#define LOADAVG_DECIMAL_SIDE(x) LOADAVG_INT_SIDE(((x) & (LOADAVG_FIXED_POINT_1_0 - 1)) * 100)
+
+/* Given a Linux load average (e.g. decimal number 34.89 where 34 is passed as i and 89 is passed as f), convert it
+ * to a loadavg_t. */
+int store_loadavg_fixed_point(unsigned long i, unsigned long f, loadavg_t *ret);
+int parse_loadavg_fixed_point(const char *s, loadavg_t *ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/path-lookup.c b/src/basic/path-lookup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36f3862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/path-lookup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,907 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+int xdg_user_runtime_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix) {
+        const char *e;
+        char *j;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(suffix);
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        j = path_join(e, suffix);
+        if (!j)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = j;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int xdg_user_config_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *j = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
+        if (e) {
+                j = path_join(e, suffix);
+                if (!j)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                r = get_home_dir(&j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!path_extend(&j, "/.config", suffix))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(j);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int xdg_user_data_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *j = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(suffix);
+
+        /* We don't treat /etc/xdg/systemd here as the spec
+         * suggests because we assume that is a link to
+         * /etc/systemd/ anyway. */
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
+        if (e) {
+                j = path_join(e, suffix);
+                if (!j)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                r = get_home_dir(&j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!path_extend(&j, "/.local/share", suffix))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(j);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static const char* const user_data_unit_paths[] = {
+        "/usr/local/lib/systemd/user",
+        "/usr/local/share/systemd/user",
+        USER_DATA_UNIT_DIR,
+        "/usr/lib/systemd/user",
+        "/usr/share/systemd/user",
+        NULL
+};
+
+static const char* const user_config_unit_paths[] = {
+        USER_CONFIG_UNIT_DIR,
+        "/etc/systemd/user",
+        NULL
+};
+
+int xdg_user_dirs(char ***ret_config_dirs, char ***ret_data_dirs) {
+        /* Implement the mechanisms defined in
+         *
+         * https://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-0.6.html
+         *
+         * We look in both the config and the data dirs because we
+         * want to encourage that distributors ship their unit files
+         * as data, and allow overriding as configuration.
+         */
+        const char *e;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **config_dirs = NULL, **data_dirs = NULL;
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_DIRS");
+        if (e)
+                config_dirs = strv_split(e, ":");
+        else
+                config_dirs = strv_new("/etc/xdg");
+        if (!config_dirs)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        e = getenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS");
+        if (e)
+                data_dirs = strv_split(e, ":");
+        else
+                data_dirs = strv_new("/usr/local/share",
+                                     "/usr/share");
+        if (!data_dirs)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret_config_dirs = TAKE_PTR(config_dirs);
+        *ret_data_dirs = TAKE_PTR(data_dirs);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static char** user_dirs(
+                const char *persistent_config,
+                const char *runtime_config,
+                const char *global_persistent_config,
+                const char *global_runtime_config,
+                const char *generator,
+                const char *generator_early,
+                const char *generator_late,
+                const char *transient,
+                const char *persistent_control,
+                const char *runtime_control) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **config_dirs = NULL, **data_dirs = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *data_home = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **res = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = xdg_user_dirs(&config_dirs, &data_dirs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = xdg_user_data_dir(&data_home, "/systemd/user");
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENXIO)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Now merge everything we found. */
+        if (strv_extend(&res, persistent_control) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, runtime_control) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, transient) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, generator_early) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, persistent_config) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend_strv_concat(&res, config_dirs, "/systemd/user") < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* global config has lower priority than the user config of the same type */
+        if (strv_extend(&res, global_persistent_config) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend_strv(&res, (char**) user_config_unit_paths, false) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, runtime_config) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, global_runtime_config) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, generator) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, data_home) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend_strv_concat(&res, data_dirs, "/systemd/user") < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend_strv(&res, (char**) user_data_unit_paths, false) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (strv_extend(&res, generator_late) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (path_strv_make_absolute_cwd(res) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(res);
+}
+
+bool path_is_user_data_dir(const char *path) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        return strv_contains((char**) user_data_unit_paths, path);
+}
+
+bool path_is_user_config_dir(const char *path) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        return strv_contains((char**) user_config_unit_paths, path);
+}
+
+static int acquire_generator_dirs(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *tempdir,
+                char **generator,
+                char **generator_early,
+                char **generator_late) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *x = NULL, *y = NULL, *z = NULL, *p = NULL;
+        const char *prefix;
+
+        assert(generator);
+        assert(generator_early);
+        assert(generator_late);
+        assert(IN_SET(scope, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER, LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
+
+        if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL)
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        if (tempdir)
+                prefix = tempdir;
+        else if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM)
+                prefix = "/run/systemd";
+        else {
+                /* LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER */
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENXIO;
+
+                p = path_join(e, "/systemd");
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                prefix = p;
+        }
+
+        x = path_join(prefix, "generator");
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        y = path_join(prefix, "generator.early");
+        if (!y)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        z = path_join(prefix, "generator.late");
+        if (!z)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *generator = TAKE_PTR(x);
+        *generator_early = TAKE_PTR(y);
+        *generator_late = TAKE_PTR(z);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_transient_dir(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                const char *tempdir,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        char *transient;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(IN_SET(scope, LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM, LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER, LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL));
+
+        if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL)
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        if (tempdir)
+                transient = path_join(tempdir, "transient");
+        else if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM)
+                transient = strdup("/run/systemd/transient");
+        else
+                return xdg_user_runtime_dir(ret, "/systemd/transient");
+
+        if (!transient)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *ret = transient;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_config_dirs(LookupScope scope, char **persistent, char **runtime) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(persistent);
+        assert(runtime);
+
+        switch (scope) {
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
+                a = strdup(SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_DIR);
+                b = strdup("/run/systemd/system");
+                break;
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                a = strdup(USER_CONFIG_UNIT_DIR);
+                b = strdup("/run/systemd/user");
+                break;
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER:
+                r = xdg_user_config_dir(&a, "/systemd/user");
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENXIO)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = xdg_user_runtime_dir(runtime, "/systemd/user");
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -ENXIO)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* If XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set, don't consider that fatal, simply initialize the runtime
+                         * directory to NULL */
+                        *runtime = NULL;
+                }
+
+                *persistent = TAKE_PTR(a);
+
+                return 0;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        if (!a || !b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *persistent = TAKE_PTR(a);
+        *runtime = TAKE_PTR(b);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_control_dirs(LookupScope scope, char **persistent, char **runtime) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(persistent);
+        assert(runtime);
+
+        switch (scope) {
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM:  {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;
+
+                a = strdup("/etc/systemd/system.control");
+                if (!a)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                b = strdup("/run/systemd/system.control");
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *runtime = TAKE_PTR(b);
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER:
+                r = xdg_user_config_dir(&a, "/systemd/user.control");
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENXIO)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = xdg_user_runtime_dir(runtime, "/systemd/user.control");
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -ENXIO)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* If XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set, don't consider this fatal, simply initialize the directory to
+                         * NULL */
+                        *runtime = NULL;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached();
+        }
+
+        *persistent = TAKE_PTR(a);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int acquire_attached_dirs(
+                LookupScope scope,
+                char **ret_persistent,
+                char **ret_runtime) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+
+        assert(ret_persistent);
+        assert(ret_runtime);
+
+        /* Portable services are not available to regular users for now. */
+        if (scope != LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM)
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        a = strdup("/etc/systemd/system.attached");
+        if (!a)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b = strdup("/run/systemd/system.attached");
+        if (!b)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret_persistent = TAKE_PTR(a);
+        *ret_runtime = TAKE_PTR(b);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int patch_root_prefix(char **p, const char *root_dir) {
+        char *c;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        if (!*p)
+                return 0;
+
+        c = path_join(root_dir, *p);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        free_and_replace(*p, c);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int patch_root_prefix_strv(char **l, const char *root_dir) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!root_dir)
+                return 0;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                r = patch_root_prefix(i, root_dir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_paths_from_environ(const char *var, char ***paths, bool *append) {
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(var);
+        assert(paths);
+        assert(append);
+
+        *append = false;
+
+        e = getenv(var);
+        if (e) {
+                const char *k;
+
+                k = endswith(e, ":");
+                if (k) {
+                        e = strndupa_safe(e, k - e);
+                        *append = true;
+                }
+
+                /* FIXME: empty components in other places should be rejected. */
+
+                r = path_split_and_make_absolute(e, paths);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int lookup_paths_init(
+                LookupPaths *lp,
+                LookupScope scope,
+                LookupPathsFlags flags,
+                const char *root_dir) {
+
+        _cleanup_(rmdir_and_freep) char *tempdir = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char
+                *root = NULL,
+                *persistent_config = NULL, *runtime_config = NULL,
+                *global_persistent_config = NULL, *global_runtime_config = NULL,
+                *generator = NULL, *generator_early = NULL, *generator_late = NULL,
+                *transient = NULL,
+                *persistent_control = NULL, *runtime_control = NULL,
+                *persistent_attached = NULL, *runtime_attached = NULL;
+        bool append = false; /* Add items from SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH before normal directories */
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **paths = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(scope >= 0);
+        assert(scope < _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX);
+
+#if HAVE_SPLIT_USR
+        flags |= LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR;
+#endif
+
+        if (!empty_or_root(root_dir)) {
+                if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = is_dir(root_dir, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOTDIR;
+
+                root = strdup(root_dir);
+                if (!root)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & LOOKUP_PATHS_TEMPORARY_GENERATED) {
+                r = mkdtemp_malloc("/tmp/systemd-temporary-XXXXXX", &tempdir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
+        }
+
+        /* Note: when XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set this will not return -ENXIO, but simply set runtime_config to NULL */
+        r = acquire_config_dirs(scope, &persistent_config, &runtime_config);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (scope == LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER) {
+                r = acquire_config_dirs(LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL, &global_persistent_config, &global_runtime_config);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if ((flags & LOOKUP_PATHS_EXCLUDE_GENERATED) == 0) {
+                /* Note: if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set, this will fail completely with ENXIO */
+                r = acquire_generator_dirs(scope, tempdir,
+                                           &generator, &generator_early, &generator_late);
+                if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -EOPNOTSUPP, -ENXIO))
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* Note: if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set, this will fail completely with ENXIO */
+        r = acquire_transient_dir(scope, tempdir, &transient);
+        if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -EOPNOTSUPP, -ENXIO))
+                return r;
+
+        /* Note: when XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set this will not return -ENXIO, but simply set runtime_control to NULL */
+        r = acquire_control_dirs(scope, &persistent_control, &runtime_control);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_attached_dirs(scope, &persistent_attached, &runtime_attached);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                return r;
+
+        /* First priority is whatever has been passed to us via env vars */
+        r = get_paths_from_environ("SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH", &paths, &append);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!paths || append) {
+                /* Let's figure something out. */
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **add = NULL;
+
+                /* For the user units we include share/ in the search
+                 * path in order to comply with the XDG basedir spec.
+                 * For the system stuff we avoid such nonsense. OTOH
+                 * we include /lib in the search path for the system
+                 * stuff but avoid it for user stuff. */
+
+                switch (scope) {
+
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
+                        add = strv_new(
+                                        /* If you modify this you also want to modify
+                                         * systemdsystemunitpath= in systemd.pc.in! */
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(persistent_control),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(runtime_control),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(transient),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator_early),
+                                        persistent_config,
+                                        SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_DIR,
+                                        "/etc/systemd/system",
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(persistent_attached),
+                                        runtime_config,
+                                        "/run/systemd/system",
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(runtime_attached),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator),
+                                        "/usr/local/lib/systemd/system",
+                                        SYSTEM_DATA_UNIT_DIR,
+                                        "/usr/lib/systemd/system",
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(flags & LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR ? "/lib/systemd/system" : NULL),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator_late));
+                        break;
+
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                        add = strv_new(
+                                        /* If you modify this you also want to modify
+                                         * systemduserunitpath= in systemd.pc.in, and
+                                         * the arrays in user_dirs() above! */
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(persistent_control),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(runtime_control),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(transient),
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator_early),
+                                        persistent_config,
+                                        USER_CONFIG_UNIT_DIR,
+                                        "/etc/systemd/user",
+                                        runtime_config,
+                                        "/run/systemd/user",
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator),
+                                        "/usr/local/share/systemd/user",
+                                        "/usr/share/systemd/user",
+                                        "/usr/local/lib/systemd/user",
+                                        USER_DATA_UNIT_DIR,
+                                        "/usr/lib/systemd/user",
+                                        STRV_IFNOTNULL(generator_late));
+                        break;
+
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER:
+                        add = user_dirs(persistent_config, runtime_config,
+                                        global_persistent_config, global_runtime_config,
+                                        generator, generator_early, generator_late,
+                                        transient,
+                                        persistent_control, runtime_control);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+                if (!add)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (paths) {
+                        r = strv_extend_strv(&paths, add, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                } else
+                        /* Small optimization: if paths is NULL (and it usually is), we can simply assign 'add' to it,
+                         * and don't have to copy anything */
+                        paths = TAKE_PTR(add);
+        }
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&persistent_config, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&runtime_config, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&generator, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&generator_early, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&generator_late, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&transient, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&persistent_control, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&runtime_control, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&persistent_attached, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        r = patch_root_prefix(&runtime_attached, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = patch_root_prefix_strv(paths, root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *lp = (LookupPaths) {
+                .search_path = strv_uniq(TAKE_PTR(paths)),
+
+                .persistent_config = TAKE_PTR(persistent_config),
+                .runtime_config = TAKE_PTR(runtime_config),
+
+                .generator = TAKE_PTR(generator),
+                .generator_early = TAKE_PTR(generator_early),
+                .generator_late = TAKE_PTR(generator_late),
+
+                .transient = TAKE_PTR(transient),
+
+                .persistent_control = TAKE_PTR(persistent_control),
+                .runtime_control = TAKE_PTR(runtime_control),
+
+                .persistent_attached = TAKE_PTR(persistent_attached),
+                .runtime_attached = TAKE_PTR(runtime_attached),
+
+                .root_dir = TAKE_PTR(root),
+                .temporary_dir = TAKE_PTR(tempdir),
+        };
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int lookup_paths_init_or_warn(LookupPaths *lp, LookupScope scope, LookupPathsFlags flags, const char *root_dir) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(lp, scope, flags, root_dir);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to initialize unit search paths%s%s: %m",
+                                       isempty(root_dir) ? "" : " for root directory ", strempty(root_dir));
+        return r;
+}
+
+void lookup_paths_free(LookupPaths *lp) {
+        if (!lp)
+                return;
+
+        lp->search_path = strv_free(lp->search_path);
+
+        lp->persistent_config = mfree(lp->persistent_config);
+        lp->runtime_config = mfree(lp->runtime_config);
+
+        lp->persistent_attached = mfree(lp->persistent_attached);
+        lp->runtime_attached = mfree(lp->runtime_attached);
+
+        lp->generator = mfree(lp->generator);
+        lp->generator_early = mfree(lp->generator_early);
+        lp->generator_late = mfree(lp->generator_late);
+
+        lp->transient = mfree(lp->transient);
+
+        lp->persistent_control = mfree(lp->persistent_control);
+        lp->runtime_control = mfree(lp->runtime_control);
+
+        lp->root_dir = mfree(lp->root_dir);
+        lp->temporary_dir = mfree(lp->temporary_dir);
+}
+
+void lookup_paths_log(LookupPaths *lp) {
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(lp->search_path)) {
+                log_debug("Ignoring unit files.");
+                lp->search_path = strv_free(lp->search_path);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                t = strv_join(lp->search_path, "\n\t");
+                log_debug("Looking for unit files in (higher priority first):\n\t%s", strna(t));
+        }
+}
+
+char **generator_binary_paths(LookupScope scope) {
+        bool append = false; /* Add items from SYSTEMD_GENERATOR_PATH before normal directories */
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **paths = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* First priority is whatever has been passed to us via env vars */
+        r = get_paths_from_environ("SYSTEMD_GENERATOR_PATH", &paths, &append);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!paths || append) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **add = NULL;
+
+                switch (scope) {
+
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM:
+                        add = strv_new("/run/systemd/system-generators",
+                                       "/etc/systemd/system-generators",
+                                       "/usr/local/lib/systemd/system-generators",
+                                       SYSTEM_GENERATOR_DIR);
+                        break;
+
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
+                case LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER:
+                        add = strv_new("/run/systemd/user-generators",
+                                       "/etc/systemd/user-generators",
+                                       "/usr/local/lib/systemd/user-generators",
+                                       USER_GENERATOR_DIR);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+                }
+
+                if (!add)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                if (paths) {
+                        r = strv_extend_strv(&paths, add, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return NULL;
+                } else
+                        /* Small optimization: if paths is NULL (and it usually is), we can simply assign 'add' to it,
+                         * and don't have to copy anything */
+                        paths = TAKE_PTR(add);
+        }
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(paths);
+}
+
+char **env_generator_binary_paths(bool is_system) {
+        bool append = false; /* Add items from SYSTEMD_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR_PATH before normal directories */
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **paths = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **add = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* First priority is whatever has been passed to us via env vars */
+        r = get_paths_from_environ("SYSTEMD_ENVIRONMENT_GENERATOR_PATH", &paths, &append);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!paths || append) {
+                if (is_system)
+                        add = strv_new("/run/systemd/system-environment-generators",
+                                        "/etc/systemd/system-environment-generators",
+                                        "/usr/local/lib/systemd/system-environment-generators",
+                                        SYSTEM_ENV_GENERATOR_DIR);
+                else
+                        add = strv_new("/run/systemd/user-environment-generators",
+                                       "/etc/systemd/user-environment-generators",
+                                       "/usr/local/lib/systemd/user-environment-generators",
+                                       USER_ENV_GENERATOR_DIR);
+
+                if (!add)
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (paths) {
+                r = strv_extend_strv(&paths, add, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+        } else
+                /* Small optimization: if paths is NULL (and it usually is), we can simply assign 'add' to it,
+                 * and don't have to copy anything */
+                paths = TAKE_PTR(add);
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(paths);
+}
+
+int find_portable_profile(const char *name, const char *unit, char **ret_path) {
+        const char *p, *dot;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        assert_se(dot = strrchr(unit, '.'));
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(p, PORTABLE_PROFILE_DIRS) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *joined = NULL;
+
+                joined = strjoin(p, "/", name, "/", dot + 1, ".conf");
+                if (!joined)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (laccess(joined, F_OK) >= 0) {
+                        *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(joined);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOENT;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/path-lookup.h b/src/basic/path-lookup.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aed72de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/path-lookup.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "def.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum LookupPathsFlags {
+        LOOKUP_PATHS_EXCLUDE_GENERATED   = 1 << 0,
+        LOOKUP_PATHS_TEMPORARY_GENERATED = 1 << 1,
+        LOOKUP_PATHS_SPLIT_USR           = 1 << 2,
+} LookupPathsFlags;
+
+typedef enum LookupScope {
+        LOOKUP_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
+        LOOKUP_SCOPE_GLOBAL,
+        LOOKUP_SCOPE_USER,
+        _LOOKUP_SCOPE_MAX,
+        _LOOKUP_SCOPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} LookupScope;
+
+typedef struct LookupPaths {
+        /* Where we look for unit files. This includes the individual special paths below, but also any vendor
+         * supplied, static unit file paths. */
+        char **search_path;
+
+        /* Where we shall create or remove our installation symlinks, aka "configuration", and where the user/admin
+         * shall place their own unit files. */
+        char *persistent_config;
+        char *runtime_config;
+
+        /* Where units from a portable service image shall be placed. */
+        char *persistent_attached;
+        char *runtime_attached;
+
+        /* Where to place generated unit files (i.e. those a "generator" tool generated). Note the special semantics of
+         * this directory: the generators are flushed each time a "systemctl daemon-reload" is issued. The user should
+         * not alter these directories directly. */
+        char *generator;
+        char *generator_early;
+        char *generator_late;
+
+        /* Where to place transient unit files (i.e. those created dynamically via the bus API). Note the special
+         * semantics of this directory: all units created transiently have their unit files removed as the transient
+         * unit is unloaded. The user should not alter this directory directly. */
+        char *transient;
+
+        /* Where the snippets created by "systemctl set-property" are placed. Note that for transient units, the
+         * snippets are placed in the transient directory though (see above). The user should not alter this directory
+         * directly. */
+        char *persistent_control;
+        char *runtime_control;
+
+        /* The root directory prepended to all items above, or NULL */
+        char *root_dir;
+
+        /* A temporary directory when running in test mode, to be nuked */
+        char *temporary_dir;
+} LookupPaths;
+
+int lookup_paths_init(LookupPaths *lp, LookupScope scope, LookupPathsFlags flags, const char *root_dir);
+int lookup_paths_init_or_warn(LookupPaths *lp, LookupScope scope, LookupPathsFlags flags, const char *root_dir);
+
+int xdg_user_dirs(char ***ret_config_dirs, char ***ret_data_dirs);
+int xdg_user_runtime_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix);
+int xdg_user_config_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix);
+int xdg_user_data_dir(char **ret, const char *suffix);
+
+bool path_is_user_data_dir(const char *path);
+bool path_is_user_config_dir(const char *path);
+
+void lookup_paths_log(LookupPaths *p);
+void lookup_paths_free(LookupPaths *p);
+
+char **generator_binary_paths(LookupScope scope);
+char **env_generator_binary_paths(bool is_system);
+
+#define NETWORK_DIRS ((const char* const*) CONF_PATHS_STRV("systemd/network"))
+#define NETWORK_DIRS_NULSTR CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/network")
+
+#define PORTABLE_PROFILE_DIRS CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/portable/profile")
+int find_portable_profile(const char *name, const char *unit, char **ret_path);
diff --git a/src/basic/path-util.c b/src/basic/path-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72c0d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/path-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1397 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int path_split_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char ***ret) {
+        char **l;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        l = strv_split(p, ":");
+        if (!l)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = path_strv_make_absolute_cwd(l);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                strv_free(l);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = l;
+        return r;
+}
+
+char* path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
+         * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(p) || isempty(prefix))
+                return strdup(p);
+
+        return path_join(prefix, p);
+}
+
+int safe_getcwd(char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cwd = NULL;
+
+        cwd = get_current_dir_name();
+        if (!cwd)
+                return negative_errno();
+
+        /* Let's make sure the directory is really absolute, to protect us from the logic behind
+         * CVE-2018-1000001 */
+        if (cwd[0] != '/')
+                return -ENOMEDIUM;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(cwd);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p, char **ret) {
+        char *c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
+         * current working directory. */
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(p))
+                c = strdup(p);
+        else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *cwd = NULL;
+
+                r = safe_getcwd(&cwd);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                c = path_join(cwd, p);
+        }
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int path_make_relative(const char *from, const char *to, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *result = NULL;
+        unsigned n_parents;
+        const char *f, *t;
+        int r, k;
+        char *p;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Strips the common part, and adds ".." elements as necessary. */
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(from) || !path_is_absolute(to))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = path_find_first_component(&from, true, &f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                k = path_find_first_component(&to, true, &t);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        return k;
+
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        /* end of 'from' */
+                        if (k == 0) {
+                                /* from and to are equivalent. */
+                                result = strdup(".");
+                                if (!result)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        } else {
+                                /* 'to' is inside of 'from'. */
+                                result = strdup(t);
+                                if (!result)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                path_simplify(result);
+
+                                if (!path_is_valid(result))
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        *ret = TAKE_PTR(result);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (r != k || !strneq(f, t, r))
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        /* If we're here, then "from_dir" has one or more elements that need to
+         * be replaced with "..". */
+
+        for (n_parents = 1;; n_parents++) {
+                /* If this includes ".." we can't do a simple series of "..". */
+                r = path_find_first_component(&from, false, &f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(t) && n_parents * 3 > PATH_MAX)
+                /* PATH_MAX is counted *with* the trailing NUL byte */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        result = new(char, n_parents * 3 + !isempty(t) + strlen_ptr(t));
+        if (!result)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (p = result; n_parents > 0; n_parents--)
+                p = mempcpy(p, "../", 3);
+
+        if (isempty(t)) {
+                /* Remove trailing slash and terminate string. */
+                *(--p) = '\0';
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(result);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        strcpy(p, t);
+
+        path_simplify(result);
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(result))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(result);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int path_make_relative_parent(const char *from_child, const char *to, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(from_child);
+        assert(to);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Similar to path_make_relative(), but provides the relative path from the parent directory of
+         * 'from_child'. This may be useful when creating relative symlink.
+         *
+         * E.g.
+         * - from = "/path/to/aaa", to = "/path/to/bbb"
+         *      path_make_relative(from, to) = "../bbb"
+         *      path_make_relative_parent(from, to) = "bbb"
+         *
+         * - from = "/path/to/aaa/bbb", to = "/path/to/ccc/ddd"
+         *      path_make_relative(from, to) = "../../ccc/ddd"
+         *      path_make_relative_parent(from, to) = "../ccc/ddd"
+         */
+
+        r = path_extract_directory(from_child, &from);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return path_make_relative(from, to, ret);
+}
+
+char* path_startswith_strv(const char *p, char **set) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, set) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = path_startswith(p, *s);
+                if (t)
+                        return t;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int path_strv_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
+         * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
+         * changes on failure. */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                char *t;
+
+                r = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                path_simplify(t);
+                free_and_replace(*s, t);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char** path_strv_resolve(char **l, const char *root) {
+        unsigned k = 0;
+        bool enomem = false;
+        int r;
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l))
+                return l;
+
+        /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
+         * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
+         * changes on failure. */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *orig = NULL;
+                char *t, *u;
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(*s)) {
+                        free(*s);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (root) {
+                        orig = *s;
+                        t = path_join(root, orig);
+                        if (!t) {
+                                enomem = true;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        t = *s;
+
+                r = chase_symlinks(t, root, 0, &u, NULL);
+                if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                        if (root) {
+                                u = TAKE_PTR(orig);
+                                free(t);
+                        } else
+                                u = t;
+                } else if (r < 0) {
+                        free(t);
+
+                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                enomem = true;
+
+                        continue;
+                } else if (root) {
+                        char *x;
+
+                        free(t);
+                        x = path_startswith(u, root);
+                        if (x) {
+                                /* restore the slash if it was lost */
+                                if (!startswith(x, "/"))
+                                        *(--x) = '/';
+
+                                t = strdup(x);
+                                free(u);
+                                if (!t) {
+                                        enomem = true;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                                u = t;
+                        } else {
+                                /* canonicalized path goes outside of
+                                 * prefix, keep the original path instead */
+                                free_and_replace(u, orig);
+                        }
+                } else
+                        free(t);
+
+                l[k++] = u;
+        }
+
+        l[k] = NULL;
+
+        if (enomem)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+char** path_strv_resolve_uniq(char **l, const char *root) {
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l))
+                return l;
+
+        if (!path_strv_resolve(l, root))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return strv_uniq(l);
+}
+
+char* path_simplify_full(char *path, PathSimplifyFlags flags) {
+        bool add_slash = false, keep_trailing_slash;
+        char *f = ASSERT_PTR(path);
+        int r;
+
+        /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Also removes unnecessary dots.
+         * Modifies the passed string in-place.
+         *
+         * ///foo//./bar/.   becomes /foo/bar
+         * .//./foo//./bar/. becomes foo/bar
+         */
+
+        if (isempty(path))
+                return path;
+
+        keep_trailing_slash = FLAGS_SET(flags, PATH_SIMPLIFY_KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH) && endswith(path, "/");
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(path))
+                f++;
+
+        for (const char *p = f;;) {
+                const char *e;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&p, true, &e);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (add_slash)
+                        *f++ = '/';
+
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        /* if path is invalid, then refuse to simplify remaining part. */
+                        memmove(f, p, strlen(p) + 1);
+                        return path;
+                }
+
+                memmove(f, e, r);
+                f += r;
+
+                add_slash = true;
+        }
+
+        /* Special rule, if we stripped everything, we need a "." for the current directory. */
+        if (f == path)
+                *f++ = '.';
+
+        if (*(f-1) != '/' && keep_trailing_slash)
+                *f++ = '/';
+
+        *f = '\0';
+        return path;
+}
+
+char* path_startswith_full(const char *path, const char *prefix, bool accept_dot_dot) {
+        assert(path);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        /* Returns a pointer to the start of the first component after the parts matched by
+         * the prefix, iff
+         * - both paths are absolute or both paths are relative,
+         * and
+         * - each component in prefix in turn matches a component in path at the same position.
+         * An empty string will be returned when the prefix and path are equivalent.
+         *
+         * Returns NULL otherwise.
+         */
+
+        if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *p, *q;
+                int r, k;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&path, accept_dot_dot, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                k = path_find_first_component(&prefix, accept_dot_dot, &q);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                if (k == 0)
+                        return (char*) (p ?: path);
+
+                if (r != k)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                if (!strneq(p, q, r))
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+int path_compare(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Order NULL before non-NULL */
+        r = CMP(!!a, !!b);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* A relative path and an absolute path must not compare as equal.
+         * Which one is sorted before the other does not really matter.
+         * Here a relative path is ordered before an absolute path. */
+        r = CMP(path_is_absolute(a), path_is_absolute(b));
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *aa, *bb;
+                int j, k;
+
+                j = path_find_first_component(&a, true, &aa);
+                k = path_find_first_component(&b, true, &bb);
+
+                if (j < 0 || k < 0) {
+                        /* When one of paths is invalid, order invalid path after valid one. */
+                        r = CMP(j < 0, k < 0);
+                        if (r != 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* fallback to use strcmp() if both paths are invalid. */
+                        return strcmp(a, b);
+                }
+
+                /* Order prefixes first: "/foo" before "/foo/bar" */
+                if (j == 0) {
+                        if (k == 0)
+                                return 0;
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                if (k == 0)
+                        return 1;
+
+                /* Alphabetical sort: "/foo/aaa" before "/foo/b" */
+                r = memcmp(aa, bb, MIN(j, k));
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Sort "/foo/a" before "/foo/aaa" */
+                r = CMP(j, k);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+bool path_equal_or_files_same(const char *a, const char *b, int flags) {
+        return path_equal(a, b) || files_same(a, b, flags) > 0;
+}
+
+bool path_equal_filename(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a_basename = NULL, *b_basename = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        r = path_extract_filename(a, &a_basename);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse basename of %s: %m", a);
+                return false;
+        }
+        r = path_extract_filename(b, &b_basename);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse basename of %s: %m", b);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return path_equal(a_basename, b_basename);
+}
+
+char* path_extend_internal(char **x, ...) {
+        size_t sz, old_sz;
+        char *q, *nx;
+        const char *p;
+        va_list ap;
+        bool slash;
+
+        /* Joins all listed strings until the sentinel and places a "/" between them unless the strings end/begin
+         * already with one so that it is unnecessary. Note that slashes which are already duplicate won't be
+         * removed. The string returned is hence always equal to or longer than the sum of the lengths of each
+         * individual string.
+         *
+         * The first argument may be an already allocated string that is extended via realloc() if
+         * non-NULL. path_extend() and path_join() are macro wrappers around this function, making use of the
+         * first parameter to distinguish the two operations.
+         *
+         * Note: any listed empty string is simply skipped. This can be useful for concatenating strings of which some
+         * are optional.
+         *
+         * Examples:
+         *
+         * path_join("foo", "bar") → "foo/bar"
+         * path_join("foo/", "bar") → "foo/bar"
+         * path_join("", "foo", "", "bar", "") → "foo/bar" */
+
+        sz = old_sz = x ? strlen_ptr(*x) : 0;
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        while ((p = va_arg(ap, char*)) != POINTER_MAX) {
+                size_t add;
+
+                if (isempty(p))
+                        continue;
+
+                add = 1 + strlen(p);
+                if (sz > SIZE_MAX - add) { /* overflow check */
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                sz += add;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        nx = realloc(x ? *x : NULL, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(sz+1));
+        if (!nx)
+                return NULL;
+        if (x)
+                *x = nx;
+
+        if (old_sz > 0)
+                slash = nx[old_sz-1] == '/';
+        else {
+                nx[old_sz] = 0;
+                slash = true; /* no need to generate a slash anymore */
+        }
+
+        q = nx + old_sz;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        while ((p = va_arg(ap, char*)) != POINTER_MAX) {
+                if (isempty(p))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!slash && p[0] != '/')
+                        *(q++) = '/';
+
+                q = stpcpy(q, p);
+                slash = endswith(p, "/");
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return nx;
+}
+
+static int check_x_access(const char *path, int *ret_fd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        /* We need to use O_PATH because there may be executables for which we have only exec
+         * permissions, but not read (usually suid executables). */
+        fd = open(path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = fd_verify_regular(fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = access_fd(fd, X_OK);
+        if (r == -ENOSYS) {
+                /* /proc is not mounted. Fallback to access(). */
+                if (access(path, X_OK) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_fd)
+                *ret_fd = TAKE_FD(fd);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_executable_impl(const char *name, const char *root, char **ret_filename, int *ret_fd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path_name = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* Function chase_symlinks() is invoked only when root is not NULL, as using it regardless of
+         * root value would alter the behavior of existing callers for example: /bin/sleep would become
+         * /usr/bin/sleep when find_executables is called. Hence, this function should be invoked when
+         * needed to avoid unforeseen regression or other complicated changes. */
+        if (root) {
+                r = chase_symlinks(name,
+                                   root,
+                                   CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT,
+                                   &path_name,
+                                   /* ret_fd= */ NULL); /* prefix root to name in case full paths are not specified */
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                name = path_name;
+        }
+
+        r = check_x_access(name, ret_fd ? &fd : NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret_filename) {
+                r = path_make_absolute_cwd(name, ret_filename);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_fd)
+                *ret_fd = TAKE_FD(fd);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int find_executable_full(const char *name, const char *root, char **exec_search_path, bool use_path_envvar, char **ret_filename, int *ret_fd) {
+        int last_error = -ENOENT, r = 0;
+        const char *p = NULL;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (is_path(name))
+                return find_executable_impl(name, root, ret_filename, ret_fd);
+
+        if (use_path_envvar)
+                /* Plain getenv, not secure_getenv, because we want to actually allow the user to pick the
+                 * binary. */
+                p = getenv("PATH");
+        if (!p)
+                p = DEFAULT_PATH;
+
+        if (exec_search_path) {
+                STRV_FOREACH(element, exec_search_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *full_path = NULL;
+
+                        if (!path_is_absolute(*element))
+                                continue;
+
+                        full_path = path_join(*element, name);
+                        if (!full_path)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = find_executable_impl(full_path, root, ret_filename, ret_fd);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (r != -EACCES)
+                                        last_error = r;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                return last_error;
+        }
+
+        /* Resolve a single-component name to a full path */
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *element = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &element, ":", EXTRACT_RELAX|EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(element))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!path_extend(&element, name))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = find_executable_impl(element, root, ret_filename, ret_fd);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        /* PATH entries which we don't have access to are ignored, as per tradition. */
+                        if (r != -EACCES)
+                                last_error = r;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* Found it! */
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return last_error;
+}
+
+bool paths_check_timestamp(const char* const* paths, usec_t *timestamp, bool update) {
+        bool changed = false, originally_unset;
+
+        assert(timestamp);
+
+        if (!paths)
+                return false;
+
+        originally_unset = *timestamp == 0;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, paths) {
+                struct stat stats;
+                usec_t u;
+
+                if (stat(*i, &stats) < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                u = timespec_load(&stats.st_mtim);
+
+                /* check first */
+                if (*timestamp >= u)
+                        continue;
+
+                log_debug(originally_unset ? "Loaded timestamp for '%s'." : "Timestamp of '%s' changed.", *i);
+
+                /* update timestamp */
+                if (update) {
+                        *timestamp = u;
+                        changed = true;
+                } else
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return changed;
+}
+
+static int executable_is_good(const char *executable) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *d = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = find_executable(executable, &p);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* An fsck that is linked to /bin/true is a non-existent fsck */
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(p, &d);
+        if (r == -EINVAL) /* not a symlink */
+                return 1;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return !PATH_IN_SET(d, "true"
+                               "/bin/true",
+                               "/usr/bin/true",
+                               "/dev/null");
+}
+
+int fsck_exists(void) {
+        return executable_is_good("fsck");
+}
+
+int fsck_exists_for_fstype(const char *fstype) {
+        const char *checker;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fstype);
+
+        if (streq(fstype, "auto"))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = fsck_exists();
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        checker = strjoina("fsck.", fstype);
+        return executable_is_good(checker);
+}
+
+static const char* skip_slash_or_dot(const char *p) {
+        for (; !isempty(p); p++) {
+                if (*p == '/')
+                        continue;
+                if (startswith(p, "./")) {
+                        p++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        return p;
+}
+
+int path_find_first_component(const char **p, bool accept_dot_dot, const char **ret) {
+        const char *q, *first, *end_first, *next;
+        size_t len;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* When a path is input, then returns the pointer to the first component and its length, and
+         * move the input pointer to the next component or nul. This skips both over any '/'
+         * immediately *before* and *after* the first component before returning.
+         *
+         * Examples
+         *   Input:  p: "//.//aaa///bbbbb/cc"
+         *   Output: p: "bbbbb///cc"
+         *           ret: "aaa///bbbbb/cc"
+         *           return value: 3 (== strlen("aaa"))
+         *
+         *   Input:  p: "aaa//"
+         *   Output: p: (pointer to NUL)
+         *           ret: "aaa//"
+         *           return value: 3 (== strlen("aaa"))
+         *
+         *   Input:  p: "/", ".", ""
+         *   Output: p: (pointer to NUL)
+         *           ret: NULL
+         *           return value: 0
+         *
+         *   Input:  p: NULL
+         *   Output: p: NULL
+         *           ret: NULL
+         *           return value: 0
+         *
+         *   Input:  p: "(too long component)"
+         *   Output: return value: -EINVAL
+         *
+         *   (when accept_dot_dot is false)
+         *   Input:  p: "//..//aaa///bbbbb/cc"
+         *   Output: return value: -EINVAL
+         */
+
+        q = *p;
+
+        first = skip_slash_or_dot(q);
+        if (isempty(first)) {
+                *p = first;
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (streq(first, ".")) {
+                *p = first + 1;
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        end_first = strchrnul(first, '/');
+        len = end_first - first;
+
+        if (len > NAME_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!accept_dot_dot && len == 2 && first[0] == '.' && first[1] == '.')
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        next = skip_slash_or_dot(end_first);
+
+        *p = next + streq(next, ".");
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = first;
+        return len;
+}
+
+static const char* skip_slash_or_dot_backward(const char *path, const char *q) {
+        assert(path);
+        assert(!q || q >= path);
+
+        for (; q; q = PTR_SUB1(q, path)) {
+                if (*q == '/')
+                        continue;
+                if (q > path && strneq(q - 1, "/.", 2))
+                        continue;
+                break;
+        }
+        return q;
+}
+
+int path_find_last_component(const char *path, bool accept_dot_dot, const char **next, const char **ret) {
+        const char *q, *last_end, *last_begin;
+        size_t len;
+
+        /* Similar to path_find_first_component(), but search components from the end.
+        *
+        * Examples
+        *   Input:  path: "//.//aaa///bbbbb/cc//././"
+        *           next: NULL
+        *   Output: next: "/cc//././"
+        *           ret: "cc//././"
+        *           return value: 2 (== strlen("cc"))
+        *
+        *   Input:  path: "//.//aaa///bbbbb/cc//././"
+        *           next: "/cc//././"
+        *   Output: next: "///bbbbb/cc//././"
+        *           ret: "bbbbb/cc//././"
+        *           return value: 5 (== strlen("bbbbb"))
+        *
+        *   Input:  path: "/", ".", "", or NULL
+        *   Output: next: equivalent to path
+        *           ret: NULL
+        *           return value: 0
+        *
+        *   Input:  path: "(too long component)"
+        *   Output: return value: -EINVAL
+        *
+        *   (when accept_dot_dot is false)
+        *   Input:  path: "//..//aaa///bbbbb/cc/..//"
+        *   Output: return value: -EINVAL
+        */
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (next)
+                        *next = path;
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (next && *next) {
+                if (*next < path || *next > path + strlen(path))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                if (*next == path) {
+                        if (ret)
+                                *ret = NULL;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (!IN_SET(**next, '\0', '/'))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                q = *next - 1;
+        } else
+                q = path + strlen(path) - 1;
+
+        q = skip_slash_or_dot_backward(path, q);
+        if (!q || /* the root directory */
+            (q == path && *q == '.')) { /* path is "." or "./" */
+                if (next)
+                        *next = path;
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        last_end = q + 1;
+
+        while (q && *q != '/')
+                q = PTR_SUB1(q, path);
+
+        last_begin = q ? q + 1 : path;
+        len = last_end - last_begin;
+
+        if (len > NAME_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!accept_dot_dot && len == 2 && strneq(last_begin, "..", 2))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (next) {
+                q = skip_slash_or_dot_backward(path, q);
+                *next = q ? q + 1 : path;
+        }
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = last_begin;
+        return len;
+}
+
+const char* last_path_component(const char *path) {
+
+        /* Finds the last component of the path, preserving the optional trailing slash that signifies a directory.
+         *
+         *    a/b/c → c
+         *    a/b/c/ → c/
+         *    x → x
+         *    x/ → x/
+         *    /y → y
+         *    /y/ → y/
+         *    / → /
+         *    // → /
+         *    /foo/a → a
+         *    /foo/a/ → a/
+         *
+         *    Also, the empty string is mapped to itself.
+         *
+         * This is different than basename(), which returns "" when a trailing slash is present.
+         *
+         * This always succeeds (except if you pass NULL in which case it returns NULL, too).
+         */
+
+        unsigned l, k;
+
+        if (!path)
+                return NULL;
+
+        l = k = strlen(path);
+        if (l == 0) /* special case — an empty string */
+                return path;
+
+        while (k > 0 && path[k-1] == '/')
+                k--;
+
+        if (k == 0) /* the root directory */
+                return path + l - 1;
+
+        while (k > 0 && path[k-1] != '/')
+                k--;
+
+        return path + k;
+}
+
+int path_extract_filename(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL;
+        const char *c, *next = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Extracts the filename part (i.e. right-most component) from a path, i.e. string that passes
+         * filename_is_valid(). A wrapper around last_path_component(), but eats up trailing
+         * slashes. Returns:
+         *
+         * -EINVAL        → if the path is not valid
+         * -EADDRNOTAVAIL → if only a directory was specified, but no filename, i.e. the root dir
+         *                  itself or "." is specified
+         * -ENOMEM        → no memory
+         *
+         * Returns >= 0 on success. If the input path has a trailing slash, returns O_DIRECTORY, to
+         * indicate the referenced file must be a directory.
+         *
+         * This function guarantees to return a fully valid filename, i.e. one that passes
+         * filename_is_valid() – this means "." and ".." are not accepted. */
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(path))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = path_find_last_component(path, false, &next, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* root directory */
+                return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+        a = strndup(c, r);
+        if (!a)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(a);
+        return strlen(c) > (size_t) r ? O_DIRECTORY : 0;
+}
+
+int path_extract_directory(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL;
+        const char *c, *next = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* The inverse of path_extract_filename(), i.e. returns the directory path prefix. Returns:
+         *
+         * -EINVAL        → if the path is not valid
+         * -EDESTADDRREQ  → if no directory was specified in the passed in path, i.e. only a filename was passed
+         * -EADDRNOTAVAIL → if the passed in parameter had no filename but did have a directory, i.e.
+         *                   the root dir itself or "." was specified
+         * -ENOMEM        → no memory (surprise!)
+         *
+         * This function guarantees to return a fully valid path, i.e. one that passes path_is_valid().
+         */
+
+        r = path_find_last_component(path, false, &next, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) /* empty or root */
+                return isempty(path) ? -EINVAL : -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        if (next == path) {
+                if (*path != '/') /* filename only */
+                        return -EDESTADDRREQ;
+
+                a = strdup("/");
+                if (!a)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(a);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        a = strndup(path, next - path);
+        if (!a)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        path_simplify(a);
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(a))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(a);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (dot_or_dot_dot(p)) /* Yes, in this context we consider "." and ".." invalid */
+                return false;
+
+        e = strchrnul(p, '/');
+        if (*e != 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (e - p > NAME_MAX) /* NAME_MAX is counted *without* the trailing NUL byte */
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool path_is_valid_full(const char *p, bool accept_dot_dot) {
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        for (const char *e = p;;) {
+                int r;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&e, accept_dot_dot, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (e - p >= PATH_MAX) /* Already reached the maximum length for a path? (PATH_MAX is counted
+                                        * *with* the trailing NUL byte) */
+                        return false;
+                if (*e == 0)           /* End of string? Yay! */
+                        return true;
+        }
+}
+
+bool path_is_normalized(const char *p) {
+        if (!path_is_safe(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strstr(p, "//"))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
+        char *e, *ret;
+        size_t k;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(filename);
+
+        /* This removes the last component of path and appends
+         * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
+         * former isn't */
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(filename))
+                return strdup(filename);
+
+        e = strrchr(path, '/');
+        if (!e)
+                return strdup(filename);
+
+        k = strlen(filename);
+        ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
+        if (!ret)
+                return NULL;
+
+        memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+bool hidden_or_backup_file(const char *filename) {
+        assert(filename);
+
+        if (filename[0] == '.' ||
+            STR_IN_SET(filename,
+                       "lost+found",
+                       "aquota.user",
+                       "aquota.group") ||
+            endswith(filename, "~"))
+                return true;
+
+        const char *dot = strrchr(filename, '.');
+        if (!dot)
+                return false;
+
+        /* Please, let's not add more entries to the list below. If external projects think it's a good idea
+         * to come up with always new suffixes and that everybody else should just adjust to that, then it
+         * really should be on them. Hence, in future, let's not add any more entries. Instead, let's ask
+         * those packages to instead adopt one of the generic suffixes/prefixes for hidden files or backups,
+         * possibly augmented with an additional string. Specifically: there's now:
+         *
+         *    The generic suffixes "~" and ".bak" for backup files
+         *    The generic prefix "." for hidden files
+         *
+         * Thus, if a new package manager "foopkg" wants its own set of ".foopkg-new", ".foopkg-old",
+         * ".foopkg-dist" or so registered, let's refuse that and ask them to use ".foopkg.new",
+         * ".foopkg.old" or ".foopkg~" instead.
+         */
+
+        return STR_IN_SET(dot + 1,
+                          "rpmnew",
+                          "rpmsave",
+                          "rpmorig",
+                          "dpkg-old",
+                          "dpkg-new",
+                          "dpkg-tmp",
+                          "dpkg-dist",
+                          "dpkg-bak",
+                          "dpkg-backup",
+                          "dpkg-remove",
+                          "ucf-new",
+                          "ucf-old",
+                          "ucf-dist",
+                          "swp",
+                          "bak",
+                          "old",
+                          "new");
+}
+
+bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
+
+        /* Returns true for paths that likely refer to a device, either by path in sysfs or to something in
+         * /dev. This accepts any path that starts with /dev/ or /sys/ and has something after that prefix.
+         * It does not actually resolve the path.
+         *
+         * Examples:
+         * /dev/sda, /dev/sda/foo, /sys/class, /dev/.., /sys/.., /./dev/foo → yes.
+         * /../dev/sda, /dev, /sys, /usr/path, /usr/../dev/sda → no.
+         */
+
+        const char *p = PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(ASSERT_PTR(path), "/dev/", "/sys/");
+        return !isempty(p);
+}
+
+bool valid_device_node_path(const char *path) {
+
+        /* Some superficial checks whether the specified path is a valid device node path, all without
+         * looking at the actual device node. */
+
+        if (!PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(path, "/dev/", "/run/systemd/inaccessible/"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (endswith(path, "/")) /* can't be a device node if it ends in a slash */
+                return false;
+
+        return path_is_normalized(path);
+}
+
+bool valid_device_allow_pattern(const char *path) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Like valid_device_node_path(), but also allows full-subsystem expressions like those accepted by
+         * DeviceAllow= and DeviceDeny=. */
+
+        if (STARTSWITH_SET(path, "block-", "char-"))
+                return true;
+
+        return valid_device_node_path(path);
+}
+
+bool dot_or_dot_dot(const char *path) {
+        if (!path)
+                return false;
+        if (path[0] != '.')
+                return false;
+        if (path[1] == 0)
+                return true;
+        if (path[1] != '.')
+                return false;
+
+        return path[2] == 0;
+}
+
+bool empty_or_root(const char *path) {
+
+        /* For operations relative to some root directory, returns true if the specified root directory is
+         * redundant, i.e. either / or NULL or the empty string or any equivalent. */
+
+        if (isempty(path))
+                return true;
+
+        return path_equal(path, "/");
+}
+
+bool path_strv_contains(char **l, const char *path) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (path_equal(*i, path))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool prefixed_path_strv_contains(char **l, const char *path) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                const char *j = *i;
+
+                if (*j == '-')
+                        j++;
+                if (*j == '+')
+                        j++;
+                if (path_equal(j, path))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int path_glob_can_match(const char *pattern, const char *prefix, char **ret) {
+        assert(pattern);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        for (const char *a = pattern, *b = prefix;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *g = NULL, *h = NULL;
+                const char *p, *q;
+                int r, s;
+
+                r = path_find_first_component(&a, /* accept_dot_dot = */ false, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                s = path_find_first_component(&b, /* accept_dot_dot = */ false, &q);
+                if (s < 0)
+                        return s;
+
+                if (s == 0) {
+                        /* The pattern matches the prefix. */
+                        if (ret) {
+                                char *t;
+
+                                t = path_join(prefix, p);
+                                if (!t)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                *ret = t;
+                        }
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (r == s && strneq(p, q, r))
+                        continue; /* common component. Check next. */
+
+                g = strndup(p, r);
+                if (!g)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!string_is_glob(g))
+                        break;
+
+                /* We found a glob component. Check if the glob pattern matches the prefix component. */
+
+                h = strndup(q, s);
+                if (!h)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = fnmatch(g, h, 0);
+                if (r == FNM_NOMATCH)
+                        break;
+                if (r != 0) /* Failure to process pattern? */
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        /* The pattern does not match the prefix. */
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = NULL;
+        return false;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/path-util.h b/src/basic/path-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09604ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/path-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <alloca.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+#define PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN(x) x "sbin:" x "bin"
+#define PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x) x "sbin\0" x "bin\0"
+
+#define PATH_NORMAL_SBIN_BIN(x) x "bin"
+#define PATH_NORMAL_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x) x "bin\0"
+
+#if HAVE_SPLIT_BIN
+#  define PATH_SBIN_BIN(x) PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN(x)
+#  define PATH_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x) PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x)
+#else
+#  define PATH_SBIN_BIN(x) PATH_NORMAL_SBIN_BIN(x)
+#  define PATH_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x) PATH_NORMAL_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR(x)
+#endif
+
+#define DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL PATH_SBIN_BIN("/usr/local/") ":" PATH_SBIN_BIN("/usr/")
+#define DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL_NULSTR PATH_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR("/usr/local/") PATH_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR("/usr/")
+#define DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL ":" PATH_SBIN_BIN("/")
+#define DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR_NULSTR DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL_NULSTR PATH_SBIN_BIN_NULSTR("/")
+#define DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN("/usr/local/") ":" PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN("/usr/") ":" PATH_SPLIT_SBIN_BIN("/")
+
+#if HAVE_SPLIT_USR
+#  define DEFAULT_PATH DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR
+#  define DEFAULT_PATH_NULSTR DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR_NULSTR
+#else
+#  define DEFAULT_PATH DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL
+#  define DEFAULT_PATH_NULSTR DEFAULT_PATH_NORMAL_NULSTR
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DEFAULT_USER_PATH
+#  define DEFAULT_USER_PATH DEFAULT_PATH
+#endif
+
+static inline bool is_path(const char *p) {
+        if (!p) /* A NULL pointer is definitely not a path */
+                return false;
+
+        return strchr(p, '/');
+}
+
+static inline bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
+        if (!p) /* A NULL pointer is definitely not an absolute path */
+                return false;
+
+        return p[0] == '/';
+}
+
+int path_split_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char ***ret);
+char* path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix);
+int safe_getcwd(char **ret);
+int path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p, char **ret);
+int path_make_relative(const char *from, const char *to, char **ret);
+int path_make_relative_parent(const char *from_child, const char *to, char **ret);
+char* path_startswith_full(const char *path, const char *prefix, bool accept_dot_dot) _pure_;
+static inline char* path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
+        return path_startswith_full(path, prefix, true);
+}
+int path_compare(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
+
+static inline bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        return path_compare(a, b) == 0;
+}
+
+bool path_equal_or_files_same(const char *a, const char *b, int flags);
+/* Compares only the last portion of the input paths, ie: the filenames */
+bool path_equal_filename(const char *a, const char *b);
+
+char* path_extend_internal(char **x, ...);
+#define path_extend(x, ...) path_extend_internal(x, __VA_ARGS__, POINTER_MAX)
+#define path_join(...) path_extend_internal(NULL, __VA_ARGS__, POINTER_MAX)
+
+typedef enum PathSimplifyFlags {
+        PATH_SIMPLIFY_KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH = 1 << 0,
+} PathSimplifyFlags;
+
+char* path_simplify_full(char *path, PathSimplifyFlags flags);
+static inline char* path_simplify(char *path) {
+        return path_simplify_full(path, 0);
+}
+
+static inline bool path_equal_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        return !!a == !!b && (!a || path_equal(a, b));
+}
+
+/* Note: the search terminates on the first NULL item. */
+#define PATH_IN_SET(p, ...) path_strv_contains(STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__), p)
+
+char* path_startswith_strv(const char *p, char **set);
+#define PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(p, ...) path_startswith_strv(p, STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+int path_strv_make_absolute_cwd(char **l);
+char** path_strv_resolve(char **l, const char *root);
+char** path_strv_resolve_uniq(char **l, const char *root);
+
+int find_executable_full(const char *name, const char *root, char **exec_search_path, bool use_path_envvar, char **ret_filename, int *ret_fd);
+static inline int find_executable(const char *name, char **ret_filename) {
+        return find_executable_full(name, /* root= */ NULL, NULL, true, ret_filename, NULL);
+}
+
+bool paths_check_timestamp(const char* const* paths, usec_t *paths_ts_usec, bool update);
+
+int fsck_exists(void);
+int fsck_exists_for_fstype(const char *fstype);
+
+/* Iterates through the path prefixes of the specified path, going up
+ * the tree, to root. Also returns "" (and not "/"!) for the root
+ * directory. Excludes the specified directory itself */
+#define PATH_FOREACH_PREFIX(prefix, path)                               \
+        for (char *_slash = ({                                          \
+                                path_simplify(strcpy(prefix, path));    \
+                                streq(prefix, "/") ? NULL : strrchr(prefix, '/'); \
+                        });                                             \
+             _slash && ((*_slash = 0), true);                           \
+             _slash = strrchr((prefix), '/'))
+
+/* Same as PATH_FOREACH_PREFIX but also includes the specified path itself */
+#define PATH_FOREACH_PREFIX_MORE(prefix, path)                          \
+        for (char *_slash = ({                                          \
+                                path_simplify(strcpy(prefix, path));    \
+                                if (streq(prefix, "/"))                 \
+                                        prefix[0] = 0;                  \
+                                strrchr(prefix, 0);                     \
+                        });                                             \
+             _slash && ((*_slash = 0), true);                           \
+             _slash = strrchr((prefix), '/'))
+
+/* Similar to path_join(), but only works for two components, and only the first one may be NULL and returns
+ * an alloca() buffer, or possibly a const pointer into the path parameter. */
+#define prefix_roota(root, path)                                        \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const char* _path = (path), *_root = (root), *_ret;     \
+                char *_p, *_n;                                          \
+                size_t _l;                                              \
+                while (_path[0] == '/' && _path[1] == '/')              \
+                        _path ++;                                       \
+                if (isempty(_root))                                     \
+                        _ret = _path;                                   \
+                else {                                                  \
+                        _l = strlen(_root) + 1 + strlen(_path) + 1;     \
+                        _n = newa(char, _l);                            \
+                        _p = stpcpy(_n, _root);                         \
+                        while (_p > _n && _p[-1] == '/')                \
+                                _p--;                                   \
+                        if (_path[0] != '/')                            \
+                                *(_p++) = '/';                          \
+                        strcpy(_p, _path);                              \
+                        _ret = _n;                                      \
+                }                                                       \
+                _ret;                                                   \
+        })
+
+int path_find_first_component(const char **p, bool accept_dot_dot, const char **ret);
+int path_find_last_component(const char *path, bool accept_dot_dot, const char **next, const char **ret);
+const char* last_path_component(const char *path);
+int path_extract_filename(const char *path, char **ret);
+int path_extract_directory(const char *path, char **ret);
+
+bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
+bool path_is_valid_full(const char *p, bool accept_dot_dot) _pure_;
+static inline bool path_is_valid(const char *p) {
+        return path_is_valid_full(p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ true);
+}
+static inline bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
+        return path_is_valid_full(p, /* accept_dot_dot= */ false);
+}
+bool path_is_normalized(const char *p) _pure_;
+
+char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename);
+
+bool hidden_or_backup_file(const char *filename) _pure_;
+
+bool is_device_path(const char *path);
+
+bool valid_device_node_path(const char *path);
+bool valid_device_allow_pattern(const char *path);
+
+bool dot_or_dot_dot(const char *path);
+
+static inline const char *skip_dev_prefix(const char *p) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        /* Drop any /dev prefix if there is any */
+
+        e = path_startswith(p, "/dev/");
+
+        return e ?: p;
+}
+
+bool empty_or_root(const char *path);
+static inline const char* empty_to_root(const char *path) {
+        return isempty(path) ? "/" : path;
+}
+
+bool path_strv_contains(char **l, const char *path);
+bool prefixed_path_strv_contains(char **l, const char *path);
+
+int path_glob_can_match(const char *pattern, const char *prefix, char **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/pcapng.h b/src/basic/pcapng.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57c3af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/pcapng.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ * For details about the file format see RFC:
+ *   https://www.ietf.org/id/draft-tuexen-opsawg-pcapng-03.html
+ *  and
+ *    https://github.com/pcapng/pcapng/
+ */
+enum pcapng_block_types {
+        PCAPNG_INTERFACE_BLOCK = 1,
+        PCAPNG_PACKET_BLOCK,		/* Obsolete */
+        PCAPNG_SIMPLE_PACKET_BLOCK,
+        PCAPNG_NAME_RESOLUTION_BLOCK,
+        PCAPNG_INTERFACE_STATS_BLOCK,
+        PCAPNG_ENHANCED_PACKET_BLOCK,
+
+        PCAPNG_SECTION_BLOCK   = 0x0A0D0D0A,
+};
+
+struct pcapng_option {
+        uint16_t code;
+        uint16_t length;
+        uint8_t data[];
+};
+
+#define PCAPNG_BYTE_ORDER_MAGIC 0x1A2B3C4D
+#define PCAPNG_MAJOR_VERS 1
+#define PCAPNG_MINOR_VERS 0
+
+enum pcapng_opt {
+        PCAPNG_OPT_END     = 0,
+        PCAPNG_OPT_COMMENT = 1,
+};
+
+struct pcapng_section {
+        uint32_t block_type;
+        uint32_t block_length;
+        uint32_t byte_order_magic;
+        uint16_t major_version;
+        uint16_t minor_version;
+        uint64_t section_length;
+};
+
+enum pcapng_section_opt {
+        PCAPNG_SHB_HARDWARE = 2,
+        PCAPNG_SHB_OS       = 3,
+        PCAPNG_SHB_USERAPPL = 4,
+};
+
+struct pcapng_interface_block {
+        uint32_t block_type;	/* 1 */
+        uint32_t block_length;
+        uint16_t link_type;
+        uint16_t reserved;
+        uint32_t snap_len;
+};
+
+enum pcapng_interface_options {
+        PCAPNG_IFB_NAME	 = 2,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_DESCRIPTION,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_IPV4ADDR,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_IPV6ADDR,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_MACADDR,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_EUIADDR,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_SPEED,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_TSRESOL,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_TZONE,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_FILTER,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_OS,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_FCSLEN,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_TSOFFSET,
+        PCAPNG_IFB_HARDWARE,
+};
+
+struct pcapng_enhance_packet_block {
+        uint32_t block_type;	/* 6 */
+        uint32_t block_length;
+        uint32_t interface_id;
+        uint32_t timestamp_hi;
+        uint32_t timestamp_lo;
+        uint32_t capture_length;
+        uint32_t original_length;
+};
+
+/* Flags values */
+#define PCAPNG_IFB_INBOUND   0b01
+#define PCAPNG_IFB_OUTBOUND  0b10
+
+enum pcapng_epb_options {
+        PCAPNG_EPB_FLAGS = 2,
+        PCAPNG_EPB_HASH,
+        PCAPNG_EPB_DROPCOUNT,
+        PCAPNG_EPB_PACKETID,
+        PCAPNG_EPB_QUEUE,
+        PCAPNG_EPB_VERDICT,
+};
+
+struct pcapng_statistics_block {
+        uint32_t block_type;	/* 5 */
+        uint32_t block_length;
+        uint32_t interface_id;
+        uint32_t timestamp_hi;
+        uint32_t timestamp_lo;
+};
+
+enum pcapng_isb_options {
+        PCAPNG_ISB_STARTTIME = 2,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_ENDTIME,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_IFRECV,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_IFDROP,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_FILTERACCEPT,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_OSDROP,
+        PCAPNG_ISB_USRDELIV,
+};
diff --git a/src/basic/percent-util.c b/src/basic/percent-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab9d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/percent-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "percent-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+
+static int parse_parts_value_whole(const char *p, const char *symbol) {
+        const char *pc, *n;
+        int r, v;
+
+        pc = endswith(p, symbol);
+        if (!pc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        n = strndupa_safe(p, pc - p);
+        r = safe_atoi(n, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (v < 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return v;
+}
+
+static int parse_parts_value_with_tenths_place(const char *p, const char *symbol) {
+        const char *pc, *dot, *n;
+        int r, q, v;
+
+        pc = endswith(p, symbol);
+        if (!pc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        dot = memchr(p, '.', pc - p);
+        if (dot) {
+                if (dot + 2 != pc)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                if (dot[1] < '0' || dot[1] > '9')
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                q = dot[1] - '0';
+                n = strndupa_safe(p, dot - p);
+        } else {
+                q = 0;
+                n = strndupa_safe(p, pc - p);
+        }
+        r = safe_atoi(n, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (v < 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+        if (v > (INT_MAX - q) / 10)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        v = v * 10 + q;
+        return v;
+}
+
+static int parse_parts_value_with_hundredths_place(const char *p, const char *symbol) {
+        const char *pc, *dot, *n;
+        int r, q, v;
+
+        pc = endswith(p, symbol);
+        if (!pc)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        dot = memchr(p, '.', pc - p);
+        if (dot) {
+                if (dot + 3 == pc) {
+                        /* Support two places after the dot */
+
+                        if (dot[1] < '0' || dot[1] > '9' || dot[2] < '0' || dot[2] > '9')
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        q = (dot[1] - '0') * 10 + (dot[2] - '0');
+
+                } else if (dot + 2 == pc) {
+                        /* Support one place after the dot */
+
+                        if (dot[1] < '0' || dot[1] > '9')
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        q = (dot[1] - '0') * 10;
+                } else
+                        /* We do not support zero or more than two places */
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                n = strndupa_safe(p, dot - p);
+        } else {
+                q = 0;
+                n = strndupa_safe(p, pc - p);
+        }
+        r = safe_atoi(n, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (v < 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+        if (v > (INT_MAX - q) / 100)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        v = v * 100 + q;
+        return v;
+}
+
+int parse_percent_unbounded(const char *p) {
+        return parse_parts_value_whole(p, "%");
+}
+
+int parse_percent(const char *p) {
+        int v;
+
+        v = parse_percent_unbounded(p);
+        if (v > 100)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return v;
+}
+
+int parse_permille_unbounded(const char *p) {
+        const char *pm;
+
+        pm = endswith(p, "‰");
+        if (pm)
+                return parse_parts_value_whole(p, "‰");
+
+        return parse_parts_value_with_tenths_place(p, "%");
+}
+
+int parse_permille(const char *p) {
+        int v;
+
+        v = parse_permille_unbounded(p);
+        if (v > 1000)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return v;
+}
+
+int parse_permyriad_unbounded(const char *p) {
+        const char *pm;
+
+        pm = endswith(p, "‱");
+        if (pm)
+                return parse_parts_value_whole(p, "‱");
+
+        pm = endswith(p, "‰");
+        if (pm)
+                return parse_parts_value_with_tenths_place(p, "‰");
+
+        return parse_parts_value_with_hundredths_place(p, "%");
+}
+
+int parse_permyriad(const char *p) {
+        int v;
+
+        v = parse_permyriad_unbounded(p);
+        if (v > 10000)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return v;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/percent-util.h b/src/basic/percent-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e975d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/percent-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+int parse_percent_unbounded(const char *p);
+int parse_percent(const char *p);
+
+int parse_permille_unbounded(const char *p);
+int parse_permille(const char *p);
+
+int parse_permyriad_unbounded(const char *p);
+int parse_permyriad(const char *p);
+
+/* Some macro-like helpers that convert a percent/permille/permyriad value (as parsed by parse_percent()) to
+ * a value relative to 100% == 2^32-1. Rounds to closest. */
+static inline uint32_t UINT32_SCALE_FROM_PERCENT(int percent) {
+        assert_cc(INT_MAX <= UINT32_MAX);
+
+        return (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) CLAMP(percent, 0, 100) * UINT32_MAX + 50) / 100U);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t UINT32_SCALE_FROM_PERMILLE(int permille) {
+        return (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) CLAMP(permille, 0, 1000) * UINT32_MAX + 500) / 1000U);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t UINT32_SCALE_FROM_PERMYRIAD(int permyriad) {
+        return (uint32_t) (((uint64_t) CLAMP(permyriad, 0, 10000) * UINT32_MAX + 5000) / 10000U);
+}
+
+static inline int UINT32_SCALE_TO_PERCENT(uint32_t scale) {
+        uint32_t u;
+
+        u = (uint32_t) ((((uint64_t) scale) * 100U + UINT32_MAX/2) / UINT32_MAX);
+        if (u > INT_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return (int) u;
+}
+
+static inline int UINT32_SCALE_TO_PERMILLE(uint32_t scale) {
+        uint32_t u;
+
+        u = (uint32_t) ((((uint64_t) scale) * 1000U + UINT32_MAX/2) / UINT32_MAX);
+        if (u > INT_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return (int) u;
+}
+
+static inline int UINT32_SCALE_TO_PERMYRIAD(uint32_t scale) {
+        uint32_t u;
+
+        u = (uint32_t) ((((uint64_t) scale) * 10000U + UINT32_MAX/2) / UINT32_MAX);
+        if (u > INT_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        return (int) u;
+}
+
+#define PERMYRIAD_AS_PERCENT_FORMAT_STR "%i.%02i%%"
+#define PERMYRIAD_AS_PERCENT_FORMAT_VAL(x) ((x)/100), ((x)%100)
diff --git a/src/basic/prioq.c b/src/basic/prioq.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c15dcb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/prioq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+/*
+ * Priority Queue
+ * The prioq object implements a priority queue. That is, it orders objects by
+ * their priority and allows O(1) access to the object with the highest
+ * priority. Insertion and removal are Θ(log n). Optionally, the caller can
+ * provide a pointer to an index which will be kept up-to-date by the prioq.
+ *
+ * The underlying algorithm used in this implementation is a Heap.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "prioq.h"
+
+struct prioq_item {
+        void *data;
+        unsigned *idx;
+};
+
+struct Prioq {
+        compare_func_t compare_func;
+        unsigned n_items, n_allocated;
+
+        struct prioq_item *items;
+};
+
+Prioq *prioq_new(compare_func_t compare_func) {
+        Prioq *q;
+
+        q = new(Prioq, 1);
+        if (!q)
+                return q;
+
+        *q = (Prioq) {
+                .compare_func = compare_func,
+        };
+
+        return q;
+}
+
+Prioq* prioq_free(Prioq *q) {
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        free(q->items);
+        return mfree(q);
+}
+
+int prioq_ensure_allocated(Prioq **q, compare_func_t compare_func) {
+        assert(q);
+
+        if (*q)
+                return 0;
+
+        *q = prioq_new(compare_func);
+        if (!*q)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void swap(Prioq *q, unsigned j, unsigned k) {
+        assert(q);
+        assert(j < q->n_items);
+        assert(k < q->n_items);
+
+        assert(!q->items[j].idx || *(q->items[j].idx) == j);
+        assert(!q->items[k].idx || *(q->items[k].idx) == k);
+
+        SWAP_TWO(q->items[j].data, q->items[k].data);
+        SWAP_TWO(q->items[j].idx, q->items[k].idx);
+
+        if (q->items[j].idx)
+                *q->items[j].idx = j;
+
+        if (q->items[k].idx)
+                *q->items[k].idx = k;
+}
+
+static unsigned shuffle_up(Prioq *q, unsigned idx) {
+        assert(q);
+        assert(idx < q->n_items);
+
+        while (idx > 0) {
+                unsigned k;
+
+                k = (idx-1)/2;
+
+                if (q->compare_func(q->items[k].data, q->items[idx].data) <= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                swap(q, idx, k);
+                idx = k;
+        }
+
+        return idx;
+}
+
+static unsigned shuffle_down(Prioq *q, unsigned idx) {
+        assert(q);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                unsigned j, k, s;
+
+                k = (idx+1)*2; /* right child */
+                j = k-1;       /* left child */
+
+                if (j >= q->n_items)
+                        break;
+
+                if (q->compare_func(q->items[j].data, q->items[idx].data) < 0)
+
+                        /* So our left child is smaller than we are, let's
+                         * remember this fact */
+                        s = j;
+                else
+                        s = idx;
+
+                if (k < q->n_items &&
+                    q->compare_func(q->items[k].data, q->items[s].data) < 0)
+
+                        /* So our right child is smaller than we are, let's
+                         * remember this fact */
+                        s = k;
+
+                /* s now points to the smallest of the three items */
+
+                if (s == idx)
+                        /* No swap necessary, we're done */
+                        break;
+
+                swap(q, idx, s);
+                idx = s;
+        }
+
+        return idx;
+}
+
+int prioq_put(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx) {
+        struct prioq_item *i;
+        unsigned k;
+
+        assert(q);
+
+        if (q->n_items >= q->n_allocated) {
+                unsigned n;
+                struct prioq_item *j;
+
+                n = MAX((q->n_items+1) * 2, 16u);
+                j = reallocarray(q->items, n, sizeof(struct prioq_item));
+                if (!j)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                q->items = j;
+                q->n_allocated = n;
+        }
+
+        k = q->n_items++;
+        i = q->items + k;
+        i->data = data;
+        i->idx = idx;
+
+        if (idx)
+                *idx = k;
+
+        shuffle_up(q, k);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int prioq_ensure_put(Prioq **q, compare_func_t compare_func, void *data, unsigned *idx) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = prioq_ensure_allocated(q, compare_func);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return prioq_put(*q, data, idx);
+}
+
+static void remove_item(Prioq *q, struct prioq_item *i) {
+        struct prioq_item *l;
+
+        assert(q);
+        assert(i);
+
+        l = q->items + q->n_items - 1;
+
+        if (i == l)
+                /* Last entry, let's just remove it */
+                q->n_items--;
+        else {
+                unsigned k;
+
+                /* Not last entry, let's replace the last entry with
+                 * this one, and reshuffle */
+
+                k = i - q->items;
+
+                i->data = l->data;
+                i->idx = l->idx;
+                if (i->idx)
+                        *i->idx = k;
+                q->n_items--;
+
+                k = shuffle_down(q, k);
+                shuffle_up(q, k);
+        }
+}
+
+_pure_ static struct prioq_item* find_item(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx) {
+        struct prioq_item *i;
+
+        assert(q);
+
+        if (q->n_items <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (idx) {
+                if (*idx == PRIOQ_IDX_NULL ||
+                    *idx >= q->n_items)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                i = q->items + *idx;
+                if (i->data != data)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                return i;
+        } else {
+                for (i = q->items; i < q->items + q->n_items; i++)
+                        if (i->data == data)
+                                return i;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+int prioq_remove(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx) {
+        struct prioq_item *i;
+
+        if (!q)
+                return 0;
+
+        i = find_item(q, data, idx);
+        if (!i)
+                return 0;
+
+        remove_item(q, i);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int prioq_reshuffle(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx) {
+        struct prioq_item *i;
+        unsigned k;
+
+        assert(q);
+
+        i = find_item(q, data, idx);
+        if (!i)
+                return 0;
+
+        k = i - q->items;
+        k = shuffle_down(q, k);
+        shuffle_up(q, k);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+void *prioq_peek_by_index(Prioq *q, unsigned idx) {
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (idx >= q->n_items)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return q->items[idx].data;
+}
+
+void *prioq_pop(Prioq *q) {
+        void *data;
+
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (q->n_items <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        data = q->items[0].data;
+        remove_item(q, q->items);
+        return data;
+}
+
+unsigned prioq_size(Prioq *q) {
+
+        if (!q)
+                return 0;
+
+        return q->n_items;
+}
+
+bool prioq_isempty(Prioq *q) {
+
+        if (!q)
+                return true;
+
+        return q->n_items <= 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/prioq.h b/src/basic/prioq.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..508db88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/prioq.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef struct Prioq Prioq;
+
+#define PRIOQ_IDX_NULL (UINT_MAX)
+
+Prioq *prioq_new(compare_func_t compare);
+Prioq *prioq_free(Prioq *q);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Prioq*, prioq_free);
+int prioq_ensure_allocated(Prioq **q, compare_func_t compare_func);
+
+int prioq_put(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx);
+int prioq_ensure_put(Prioq **q, compare_func_t compare_func, void *data, unsigned *idx);
+int prioq_remove(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx);
+int prioq_reshuffle(Prioq *q, void *data, unsigned *idx);
+
+void *prioq_peek_by_index(Prioq *q, unsigned idx) _pure_;
+static inline void *prioq_peek(Prioq *q) {
+        return prioq_peek_by_index(q, 0);
+}
+void *prioq_pop(Prioq *q);
+
+#define PRIOQ_FOREACH_ITEM(q, p)                                \
+        for (unsigned _i = 0; (p = prioq_peek_by_index(q, _i)); _i++)
+
+unsigned prioq_size(Prioq *q) _pure_;
+bool prioq_isempty(Prioq *q) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3aee28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
+        const char *e;
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* For testing purposes it is sometimes useful to be able to override what we consider /proc/cmdline to be */
+        e = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_PROC_CMDLINE");
+        if (e) {
+                char *m;
+
+                m = strdup(e);
+                if (!m)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = m;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return get_process_cmdline(1, SIZE_MAX, 0, ret);
+
+        return read_virtual_file("/proc/cmdline", SIZE_MAX, ret, NULL);
+}
+
+static int proc_cmdline_extract_first(const char **p, char **ret_word, ProcCmdlineFlags flags) {
+        const char *q = *p;
+        int r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                const char *c;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&q, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RELAX|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the initrd */
+                c = startswith(word, "rd.");
+                if (c) {
+                        if (!in_initrd())
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_STRIP_RD_PREFIX)) {
+                                r = free_and_strdup(&word, c);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_RD_STRICT) && in_initrd())
+                        continue; /* And optionally filter out arguments that are intended only for the host */
+
+                *p = q;
+                *ret_word = TAKE_PTR(word);
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        *p = q;
+        *ret_word = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline_parse_given(const char *line, proc_cmdline_parse_t parse_item, void *data, ProcCmdlineFlags flags) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(parse_item);
+
+        /* The PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL flag doesn't really make sense for proc_cmdline_parse(), let's make this
+         * clear. */
+        assert(!FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL));
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                char *value;
+
+                r = proc_cmdline_extract_first(&p, &word, flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                value = strchr(word, '=');
+                if (value)
+                        *(value++) = 0;
+
+                r = parse_item(word, value, data);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline_parse(proc_cmdline_parse_t parse_item, void *data, ProcCmdlineFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(parse_item);
+
+        /* We parse the EFI variable first, because later settings have higher priority. */
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_IGNORE_EFI_OPTIONS)) {
+                r = systemd_efi_options_variable(&line);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -ENODATA)
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get SystemdOptions EFI variable, ignoring: %m");
+                } else {
+                        r = proc_cmdline_parse_given(line, parse_item, data, flags);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        line = mfree(line);
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return proc_cmdline_parse_given(line, parse_item, data, flags);
+}
+
+static bool relaxed_equal_char(char a, char b) {
+        return a == b ||
+                (a == '_' && b == '-') ||
+                (a == '-' && b == '_');
+}
+
+char *proc_cmdline_key_startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
+        assert(s);
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        /* Much like startswith(), but considers "-" and "_" the same */
+
+        for (; *prefix != 0; s++, prefix++)
+                if (!relaxed_equal_char(*s, *prefix))
+                        return NULL;
+
+        return (char*) s;
+}
+
+bool proc_cmdline_key_streq(const char *x, const char *y) {
+        assert(x);
+        assert(y);
+
+        /* Much like streq(), but considers "-" and "_" the same */
+
+        for (; *x != 0 || *y != 0; x++, y++)
+                if (!relaxed_equal_char(*x, *y))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int cmdline_get_key(const char *line, const char *key, ProcCmdlineFlags flags, char **ret_value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ret = NULL;
+        bool found = false;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(line);
+        assert(key);
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = proc_cmdline_extract_first(&p, &word, flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (ret_value) {
+                        const char *e;
+
+                        e = proc_cmdline_key_startswith(word, key);
+                        if (!e)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (*e == '=') {
+                                r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e+1);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                found = true;
+
+                        } else if (*e == 0 && FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL))
+                                found = true;
+
+                } else {
+                        if (streq(word, key)) {
+                                found = true;
+                                break; /* we found what we were looking for */
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ret_value)
+                *ret_value = TAKE_PTR(ret);
+
+        return found;
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline_get_key(const char *key, ProcCmdlineFlags flags, char **ret_value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *v = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Looks for a specific key on the kernel command line and (with lower priority) the EFI variable.
+         * Supports three modes:
+         *
+         * a) The "ret_value" parameter is used. In this case a parameter beginning with the "key" string followed by
+         *    "=" is searched for, and the value following it is returned in "ret_value".
+         *
+         * b) as above, but the PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL flag is set. In this case if the key is found as a separate
+         *    word (i.e. not followed by "=" but instead by whitespace or the end of the command line), then this is
+         *    also accepted, and "value" is returned as NULL.
+         *
+         * c) The "ret_value" parameter is NULL. In this case a search for the exact "key" parameter is performed.
+         *
+         * In all three cases, > 0 is returned if the key is found, 0 if not. */
+
+        if (isempty(key))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL) && !ret_value)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_IGNORE_EFI_OPTIONS)) /* Shortcut */
+                return cmdline_get_key(line, key, flags, ret_value);
+
+        r = cmdline_get_key(line, key, flags, ret_value ? &v : NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0) {
+                if (ret_value)
+                        *ret_value = TAKE_PTR(v);
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        line = mfree(line);
+        r = systemd_efi_options_variable(&line);
+        if (r == -ENODATA) {
+                if (ret_value)
+                        *ret_value = NULL;
+
+                return false; /* Not found */
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cmdline_get_key(line, key, flags, ret_value);
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline_get_bool(const char *key, bool *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = proc_cmdline_get_key(key, PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) { /* key not specified at all */
+                *ret = false;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (v) { /* key with parameter passed */
+                r = parse_boolean(v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                *ret = r;
+        } else /* key without parameter passed */
+                *ret = true;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline_get_key_many_internal(ProcCmdlineFlags flags, ...) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        bool processing_efi = true;
+        const char *p;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r, ret = 0;
+
+        /* The PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL flag doesn't really make sense for proc_cmdline_get_key_many(), let's make
+         * this clear. */
+        assert(!FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL));
+
+        /* This call may clobber arguments on failure! */
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, PROC_CMDLINE_IGNORE_EFI_OPTIONS)) {
+                r = systemd_efi_options_variable(&line);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENODATA)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get SystemdOptions EFI variable, ignoring: %m");
+        }
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = proc_cmdline_extract_first(&p, &word, flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        /* We finished with this command line. If this was the EFI one, then let's proceed with the regular one */
+                        if (processing_efi) {
+                                processing_efi = false;
+
+                                line = mfree(line);
+                                r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                p = line;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                va_start(ap, flags);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        char **v;
+                        const char *k, *e;
+
+                        k = va_arg(ap, const char*);
+                        if (!k)
+                                break;
+
+                        assert_se(v = va_arg(ap, char**));
+
+                        e = proc_cmdline_key_startswith(word, k);
+                        if (e && *e == '=') {
+                                r = free_and_strdup(v, e + 1);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        va_end(ap);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+
+                                ret++;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                va_end(ap);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45f3a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+
+typedef enum ProcCmdlineFlags {
+        PROC_CMDLINE_STRIP_RD_PREFIX    = 1 << 0, /* automatically strip "rd." prefix if it is set (and we are in the initrd, since otherwise we'd not consider it anyway) */
+        PROC_CMDLINE_VALUE_OPTIONAL     = 1 << 1, /* the value is optional (for boolean switches that can omit the value) */
+        PROC_CMDLINE_RD_STRICT          = 1 << 2, /* ignore this in the initrd */
+        PROC_CMDLINE_IGNORE_EFI_OPTIONS = 1 << 3, /* don't check systemd's private EFI variable */
+} ProcCmdlineFlags;
+
+typedef int (*proc_cmdline_parse_t)(const char *key, const char *value, void *data);
+
+int proc_cmdline(char **ret);
+
+int proc_cmdline_parse_given(const char *line, proc_cmdline_parse_t parse_item, void *data, ProcCmdlineFlags flags);
+int proc_cmdline_parse(const proc_cmdline_parse_t parse, void *userdata, ProcCmdlineFlags flags);
+
+int proc_cmdline_get_key(const char *parameter, ProcCmdlineFlags flags, char **value);
+int proc_cmdline_get_bool(const char *key, bool *ret);
+
+int proc_cmdline_get_key_many_internal(ProcCmdlineFlags flags, ...);
+#define proc_cmdline_get_key_many(flags, ...) proc_cmdline_get_key_many_internal(flags, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+
+char *proc_cmdline_key_startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix);
+bool proc_cmdline_key_streq(const char *x, const char *y);
+
+/* A little helper call, to be used in proc_cmdline_parse_t callbacks */
+static inline bool proc_cmdline_value_missing(const char *key, const char *value) {
+        if (!value) {
+                log_warning("Missing argument for %s= kernel command line switch, ignoring.", key);
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.c b/src/basic/process-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35246a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+#include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "architecture.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "missing_sched.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "namespace-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "raw-clone.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+/* The kernel limits userspace processes to TASK_COMM_LEN (16 bytes), but allows higher values for its own
+ * workers, e.g. "kworker/u9:3-kcryptd/253:0". Let's pick a fixed smallish limit that will work for the kernel.
+ */
+#define COMM_MAX_LEN 128
+
+static int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        char state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        /* Shortcut: if we are enquired about our own state, we are obviously running */
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached())
+                return (unsigned char) 'R';
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = strrchr(line, ')');
+        if (!p)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        p++;
+
+        if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return (unsigned char) state;
+}
+
+int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *escaped = NULL, *comm = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached()) {
+                comm = new0(char, TASK_COMM_LEN + 1); /* Must fit in 16 byte according to prctl(2) */
+                if (!comm)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (prctl(PR_GET_NAME, comm) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                const char *p;
+
+                p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
+
+                /* Note that process names of kernel threads can be much longer than TASK_COMM_LEN */
+                r = read_one_line_file(p, &comm);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return -ESRCH;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        escaped = new(char, COMM_MAX_LEN);
+        if (!escaped)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Escape unprintable characters, just in case, but don't grow the string beyond the underlying size */
+        cellescape(escaped, COMM_MAX_LEN, comm);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(escaped);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_process_cmdline_nulstr(
+                pid_t pid,
+                size_t max_size,
+                ProcessCmdlineFlags flags,
+                char **ret,
+                size_t *ret_size) {
+
+        const char *p;
+        char *t;
+        size_t k;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Retrieves a process' command line as a "sized nulstr", i.e. possibly without the last NUL, but
+         * with a specified size.
+         *
+         * If PROCESS_CMDLINE_COMM_FALLBACK is specified in flags and the process has no command line set
+         * (the case for kernel threads), or has a command line that resolves to the empty string, will
+         * return the "comm" name of the process instead. This will use at most _SC_ARG_MAX bytes of input
+         * data.
+         *
+         * Returns an error, 0 if output was read but is truncated, 1 otherwise.
+         */
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
+        r = read_virtual_file(p, max_size, &t, &k); /* Let's assume that each input byte results in >= 1
+                                                     * columns of output. We ignore zero-width codepoints. */
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (k == 0) {
+                t = mfree(t);
+
+                if (!(flags & PROCESS_CMDLINE_COMM_FALLBACK))
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL;
+
+                r = get_process_comm(pid, &comm);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                t = strjoin("[", comm, "]");
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                k = strlen(t);
+                r = k <= max_size;
+                if (r == 0) /* truncation */
+                        t[max_size] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        *ret = t;
+        *ret_size = k;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_columns, ProcessCmdlineFlags flags, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        size_t k;
+        char *ans;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Retrieve and format a commandline. See above for discussion of retrieval options.
+         *
+         * There are two main formatting modes:
+         *
+         * - when PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE is specified, output is quoted in C/Python style. If no shell special
+         *   characters are present, this output can be copy-pasted into the terminal to execute. UTF-8
+         *   output is assumed.
+         *
+         * - otherwise, a compact non-roundtrippable form is returned. Non-UTF8 bytes are replaced by �. The
+         *   returned string is of the specified console width at most, abbreviated with an ellipsis.
+         *
+         * Returns -ESRCH if the process doesn't exist, and -ENOENT if the process has no command line (and
+         * PROCESS_CMDLINE_COMM_FALLBACK is not specified). Returns 0 and sets *line otherwise. */
+
+        int full = get_process_cmdline_nulstr(pid, max_columns, flags, &t, &k);
+        if (full < 0)
+                return full;
+
+        if (flags & (PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE | PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE_POSIX)) {
+                ShellEscapeFlags shflags = SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY |
+                        FLAGS_SET(flags, PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE_POSIX) * SHELL_ESCAPE_POSIX;
+
+                assert(!(flags & PROCESS_CMDLINE_USE_LOCALE));
+
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **args = NULL;
+
+                args = strv_parse_nulstr(t, k);
+                if (!args)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                /* Drop trailing empty strings. See issue #21186. */
+                STRV_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(p, args) {
+                        if (!isempty(*p))
+                                break;
+
+                        *p = mfree(*p);
+                }
+
+                ans = quote_command_line(args, shflags);
+                if (!ans)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                /* Arguments are separated by NULs. Let's replace those with spaces. */
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < k - 1; i++)
+                        if (t[i] == '\0')
+                                t[i] = ' ';
+
+                delete_trailing_chars(t, WHITESPACE);
+
+                bool eight_bit = (flags & PROCESS_CMDLINE_USE_LOCALE) && !is_locale_utf8();
+
+                ans = escape_non_printable_full(t, max_columns,
+                                                eight_bit * XESCAPE_8_BIT | !full * XESCAPE_FORCE_ELLIPSIS);
+                if (!ans)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                ans = str_realloc(ans);
+        }
+
+        *ret = ans;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int update_argv(const char name[], size_t l) {
+        static int can_do = -1;
+
+        if (can_do == 0)
+                return 0;
+        can_do = false; /* We'll set it to true only if the whole process works */
+
+        /* Let's not bother with this if we don't have euid == 0. Strictly speaking we should check for the
+         * CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability which is independent of the euid. In our own code the capability generally is
+         * present only for euid == 0, hence let's use this as quick bypass check, to avoid calling mmap() if
+         * PR_SET_MM_ARG_{START,END} fails with EPERM later on anyway. After all geteuid() is dead cheap to call, but
+         * mmap() is not. */
+        if (geteuid() != 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM),
+                                       "Skipping PR_SET_MM, as we don't have privileges.");
+
+        static size_t mm_size = 0;
+        static char *mm = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (mm_size < l+1) {
+                size_t nn_size;
+                char *nn;
+
+                nn_size = PAGE_ALIGN(l+1);
+                nn = mmap(NULL, nn_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+                if (nn == MAP_FAILED)
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno, "mmap() failed: %m");
+
+                strncpy(nn, name, nn_size);
+
+                /* Now, let's tell the kernel about this new memory */
+                if (prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_ARG_START, (unsigned long) nn, 0, 0) < 0) {
+                        if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno))
+                                return log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_START failed: %m");
+
+                        /* HACK: prctl() API is kind of dumb on this point.  The existing end address may already be
+                         * below the desired start address, in which case the kernel may have kicked this back due
+                         * to a range-check failure (see linux/kernel/sys.c:validate_prctl_map() to see this in
+                         * action).  The proper solution would be to have a prctl() API that could set both start+end
+                         * simultaneously, or at least let us query the existing address to anticipate this condition
+                         * and respond accordingly.  For now, we can only guess at the cause of this failure and try
+                         * a workaround--which will briefly expand the arg space to something potentially huge before
+                         * resizing it to what we want. */
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_START failed, attempting PR_SET_MM_ARG_END hack: %m");
+
+                        if (prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_ARG_END, (unsigned long) nn + l + 1, 0, 0) < 0) {
+                                r = log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_END hack failed, proceeding without: %m");
+                                (void) munmap(nn, nn_size);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        if (prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_ARG_START, (unsigned long) nn, 0, 0) < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_START still failed, proceeding without: %m");
+                } else {
+                        /* And update the end pointer to the new end, too. If this fails, we don't really know what
+                         * to do, it's pretty unlikely that we can rollback, hence we'll just accept the failure,
+                         * and continue. */
+                        if (prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_ARG_END, (unsigned long) nn + l + 1, 0, 0) < 0)
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_END failed, proceeding without: %m");
+                }
+
+                if (mm)
+                        (void) munmap(mm, mm_size);
+
+                mm = nn;
+                mm_size = nn_size;
+        } else {
+                strncpy(mm, name, mm_size);
+
+                /* Update the end pointer, continuing regardless of any failure. */
+                if (prctl(PR_SET_MM, PR_SET_MM_ARG_END, (unsigned long) mm + l + 1, 0, 0) < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_MM_ARG_END failed, proceeding without: %m");
+        }
+
+        can_do = true;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int rename_process(const char name[]) {
+        bool truncated = false;
+
+        /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's
+         * internally used name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars applies; to the second one in
+         * many cases one of 10 (i.e. length of "/sbin/init") — however if we have CAP_SYS_RESOURCES it is unbounded;
+         * to the third one 7 (i.e. the length of "systemd". If you pass a longer string it will likely be
+         * truncated.
+         *
+         * Returns 0 if a name was set but truncated, > 0 if it was set but not truncated. */
+
+        if (isempty(name))
+                return -EINVAL; /* let's not confuse users unnecessarily with an empty name */
+
+        if (!is_main_thread())
+                return -EPERM; /* Let's not allow setting the process name from other threads than the main one, as we
+                                * cache things without locking, and we make assumptions that PR_SET_NAME sets the
+                                * process name that isn't correct on any other threads */
+
+        size_t l = strlen(name);
+
+        /* First step, change the comm field. The main thread's comm is identical to the process comm. This means we
+         * can use PR_SET_NAME, which sets the thread name for the calling thread. */
+        if (prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name) < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "PR_SET_NAME failed: %m");
+        if (l >= TASK_COMM_LEN) /* Linux userspace process names can be 15 chars at max */
+                truncated = true;
+
+        /* Second step, change glibc's ID of the process name. */
+        if (program_invocation_name) {
+                size_t k;
+
+                k = strlen(program_invocation_name);
+                strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, k);
+                if (l > k)
+                        truncated = true;
+
+               /* Also update the short name. */
+                char *p = strrchr(program_invocation_name, '/');
+                program_invocation_short_name = p ? p + 1 : program_invocation_name;
+        }
+
+        /* Third step, completely replace the argv[] array the kernel maintains for us. This requires privileges, but
+         * has the advantage that the argv[] array is exactly what we want it to be, and not filled up with zeros at
+         * the end. This is the best option for changing /proc/self/cmdline. */
+        (void) update_argv(name, l);
+
+        /* Fourth step: in all cases we'll also update the original argv[], so that our own code gets it right too if
+         * it still looks here */
+        if (saved_argc > 0) {
+                if (saved_argv[0]) {
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        k = strlen(saved_argv[0]);
+                        strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, k);
+                        if (l > k)
+                                truncated = true;
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
+                        if (!saved_argv[i])
+                                break;
+
+                        memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
+                }
+        }
+
+        return !truncated;
+}
+
+int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        unsigned long long flags;
+        size_t l, i;
+        const char *p;
+        char *q;
+        int r;
+
+        if (IN_SET(pid, 0, 1) || pid == getpid_cached()) /* pid 1, and we ourselves certainly aren't a kernel thread */
+                return 0;
+        if (!pid_is_valid(pid))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Skip past the comm field */
+        q = strrchr(line, ')');
+        if (!q)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        q++;
+
+        /* Skip 6 fields to reach the flags field */
+        for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+                l = strspn(q, WHITESPACE);
+                if (l < 1)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                q += l;
+
+                l = strcspn(q, WHITESPACE);
+                if (l < 1)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                q += l;
+        }
+
+        /* Skip preceding whitespace */
+        l = strspn(q, WHITESPACE);
+        if (l < 1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        q += l;
+
+        /* Truncate the rest */
+        l = strcspn(q, WHITESPACE);
+        if (l < 1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        q[l] = 0;
+
+        r = safe_atollu(q, &flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return !!(flags & PF_KTHREAD);
+}
+
+int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
+
+        r = get_proc_field(p, "CapEff", WHITESPACE, ret);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int get_process_link_contents(pid_t pid, const char *proc_file, char **ret) {
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(proc_file);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, proc_file);
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(p, ret);
+        return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
+}
+
+int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        char *d;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        r = get_process_link_contents(pid, "exe", ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret) {
+                d = endswith(*ret, " (deleted)");
+                if (d)
+                        *d = '\0';
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(field);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
+        r = fopen_unlocked(p, "re", &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                char *l;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                l = strstrip(line);
+
+                if (startswith(l, field)) {
+                        l += strlen(field);
+                        l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
+
+                        l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
+
+                        return parse_uid(l, ret);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return -EIO;
+}
+
+int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *ret) {
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached()) {
+                *ret = getuid();
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", ret);
+}
+
+int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *ret) {
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached()) {
+                *ret = getgid();
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
+        return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", ret);
+}
+
+int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached())
+                return safe_getcwd(ret);
+
+        return get_process_link_contents(pid, "cwd", ret);
+}
+
+int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        return get_process_link_contents(pid, "root", ret);
+}
+
+#define ENVIRONMENT_BLOCK_MAX (5U*1024U*1024U)
+
+int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
+        size_t sz = 0;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked(p, "re", &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char c;
+
+                if (sz >= ENVIRONMENT_BLOCK_MAX)
+                        return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, sz + 5))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = safe_fgetc(f, &c);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (c == '\0')
+                        outcome[sz++] = '\n';
+                else
+                        sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
+        }
+
+        outcome[sz] = '\0';
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(outcome);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_process_ppid(pid_t pid, pid_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        unsigned long ppid;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached()) {
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = getppid();
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (pid == 1) /* PID 1 has no parent, shortcut this case */
+                return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed in () but does not escape any () in its
+         * value, so let's skip over it manually */
+
+        p = strrchr(line, ')');
+        if (!p)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        p++;
+
+        if (sscanf(p, " "
+                   "%*c "  /* state */
+                   "%lu ", /* ppid */
+                   &ppid) != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        /* If ppid is zero the process has no parent. Which might be the case for PID 1 but also for
+         * processes originating in other namespaces that are inserted into a pidns. Return a recognizable
+         * error in this case. */
+        if (ppid == 0)
+                return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+        if ((pid_t) ppid < 0 || (unsigned long) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = (pid_t) ppid;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_process_umask(pid_t pid, mode_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
+
+        r = get_proc_field(p, "Umask", WHITESPACE, &m);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+
+        return parse_mode(m, ret);
+}
+
+int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
+        siginfo_t dummy;
+
+        assert(pid >= 1);
+
+        if (!status)
+                status = &dummy;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                zero(*status);
+
+                if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
+
+                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return negative_errno();
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return values:
+ * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
+ *       process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
+ *       failed for an unknown reason.
+ * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
+ *       returned.
+ *
+ * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
+ * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
+ *
+ * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
+ * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
+ */
+int wait_for_terminate_and_check(const char *name, pid_t pid, WaitFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buffer = NULL;
+        siginfo_t status;
+        int r, prio;
+
+        assert(pid > 1);
+
+        if (!name) {
+                r = get_process_comm(pid, &buffer);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to acquire process name of " PID_FMT ", ignoring: %m", pid);
+                else
+                        name = buffer;
+        }
+
+        prio = flags & WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL ? LOG_ERR : LOG_DEBUG;
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", strna(name));
+
+        if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
+                if (status.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                        log_full(flags & WAIT_LOG_NON_ZERO_EXIT_STATUS ? LOG_ERR : LOG_DEBUG,
+                                 "%s failed with exit status %i.", strna(name), status.si_status);
+                else
+                        log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
+
+                return status.si_status;
+
+        } else if (IN_SET(status.si_code, CLD_KILLED, CLD_DUMPED)) {
+
+                log_full(prio, "%s terminated by signal %s.", strna(name), signal_to_string(status.si_status));
+                return -EPROTO;
+        }
+
+        log_full(prio, "%s failed due to unknown reason.", strna(name));
+        return -EPROTO;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return values:
+ *
+ * < 0 : wait_for_terminate_with_timeout() failed to get the state of the process, the process timed out, the process
+ *       was terminated by a signal, or failed for an unknown reason.
+ *
+ * >=0 : The process terminated normally with no failures.
+ *
+ * Success is indicated by a return value of zero, a timeout is indicated by ETIMEDOUT, and all other child failure
+ * states are indicated by error is indicated by a non-zero value.
+ *
+ * This call assumes SIGCHLD has been blocked already, in particular before the child to wait for has been forked off
+ * to remain entirely race-free.
+ */
+int wait_for_terminate_with_timeout(pid_t pid, usec_t timeout) {
+        sigset_t mask;
+        int r;
+        usec_t until;
+
+        assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
+        assert_se(sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD) == 0);
+
+        /* Drop into a sigtimewait-based timeout. Waiting for the
+         * pid to exit. */
+        until = usec_add(now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), timeout);
+        for (;;) {
+                usec_t n;
+                siginfo_t status = {};
+
+                n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                if (n >= until)
+                        break;
+
+                r = RET_NERRNO(sigtimedwait(&mask, NULL, TIMESPEC_STORE(until - n)));
+                /* Assuming we woke due to the child exiting. */
+                if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &status, WEXITED|WNOHANG) == 0) {
+                        if (status.si_pid == pid) {
+                                /* This is the correct child. */
+                                if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
+                                        return status.si_status == 0 ? 0 : -EPROTO;
+                                else
+                                        return -EPROTO;
+                        }
+                }
+                /* Not the child, check for errors and proceed appropriately */
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        switch (r) {
+                        case -EAGAIN:
+                                /* Timed out, child is likely hung. */
+                                return -ETIMEDOUT;
+                        case -EINTR:
+                                /* Received a different signal and should retry */
+                                continue;
+                        default:
+                                /* Return any unexpected errors */
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return -EPROTO;
+}
+
+void sigkill_wait(pid_t pid) {
+        assert(pid > 1);
+
+        (void) kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+        (void) wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
+}
+
+void sigkill_waitp(pid_t *pid) {
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+        if (!pid)
+                return;
+        if (*pid <= 1)
+                return;
+
+        sigkill_wait(*pid);
+}
+
+void sigterm_wait(pid_t pid) {
+        assert(pid > 1);
+
+        (void) kill_and_sigcont(pid, SIGTERM);
+        (void) wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
+}
+
+int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(kill(pid, sig));
+
+        /* If this worked, also send SIGCONT, unless we already just sent a SIGCONT, or SIGKILL was sent which isn't
+         * affected by a process being suspended anyway. */
+        if (r >= 0 && !IN_SET(sig, SIGCONT, SIGKILL))
+                (void) kill(pid, SIGCONT);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        char *value = NULL;
+        const char *path;
+        size_t l, sum = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(field);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached()) {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = getenv(field);
+                if (!e) {
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                value = strdup(e);
+                if (!value)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = value;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (!pid_is_valid(pid))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
+
+        r = fopen_unlocked(path, "re", &f);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        l = strlen(field);
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+
+                if (sum > ENVIRONMENT_BLOCK_MAX) /* Give up searching eventually */
+                        return -ENOBUFS;
+
+                r = read_nul_string(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)  /* EOF */
+                        break;
+
+                sum += r;
+
+                if (strneq(line, field, l) && line[l] == '=') {
+                        value = strdup(line + l + 1);
+                        if (!value)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *ret = value;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int pid_is_my_child(pid_t pid) {
+        pid_t ppid;
+        int r;
+
+        if (pid <= 1)
+                return false;
+
+        r = get_process_ppid(pid, &ppid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return ppid == getpid_cached();
+}
+
+bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
+        /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
+
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (pid <= 1) /* If we or PID 1 would be dead and have been waited for, this code would not be running */
+                return true;
+
+        if (pid == getpid_cached())
+                return true;
+
+        if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
+                return true;
+
+        return errno != ESRCH;
+}
+
+bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
+
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (pid <= 1) /* If we or PID 1 would be a zombie, this code would not be running */
+                return true;
+
+        if (pid == getpid_cached())
+                return true;
+
+        r = get_process_state(pid);
+        if (IN_SET(r, -ESRCH, 'Z'))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int pid_from_same_root_fs(pid_t pid) {
+        const char *root;
+
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (pid == 0 || pid == getpid_cached())
+                return true;
+
+        root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
+
+        return files_same(root, "/proc/1/root", 0);
+}
+
+bool is_main_thread(void) {
+        static thread_local int cached = 0;
+
+        if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
+                cached = getpid_cached() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
+
+        return cached > 0;
+}
+
+bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa) {
+        return oa >= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN && oa <= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
+}
+
+unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
+        Architecture architecture;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+
+        /* Parse a personality specifier. We use our own identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
+         * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for
+         * the same register size. */
+
+        architecture = architecture_from_string(p);
+        if (architecture < 0)
+                return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+
+        if (architecture == native_architecture())
+                return PER_LINUX;
+#ifdef ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY
+        if (architecture == ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY)
+                return PER_LINUX32;
+#endif
+
+        return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+}
+
+const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
+        Architecture architecture = _ARCHITECTURE_INVALID;
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX)
+                architecture = native_architecture();
+#ifdef ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY
+        else if (p == PER_LINUX32)
+                architecture = ARCHITECTURE_SECONDARY;
+#endif
+
+        if (architecture < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return architecture_to_string(architecture);
+}
+
+int safe_personality(unsigned long p) {
+        int ret;
+
+        /* So here's the deal, personality() is weirdly defined by glibc. In some cases it returns a failure via errno,
+         * and in others as negative return value containing an errno-like value. Let's work around this: this is a
+         * wrapper that uses errno if it is set, and uses the return value otherwise. And then it sets both errno and
+         * the return value indicating the same issue, so that we are definitely on the safe side.
+         *
+         * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/6737 */
+
+        errno = 0;
+        ret = personality(p);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+                if (errno != 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                errno = -ret;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int opinionated_personality(unsigned long *ret) {
+        int current;
+
+        /* Returns the current personality, or PERSONALITY_INVALID if we can't determine it. This function is a bit
+         * opinionated though, and ignores all the finer-grained bits and exotic personalities, only distinguishing the
+         * two most relevant personalities: PER_LINUX and PER_LINUX32. */
+
+        current = safe_personality(PERSONALITY_INVALID);
+        if (current < 0)
+                return current;
+
+        if (((unsigned long) current & 0xffff) == PER_LINUX32)
+                *ret = PER_LINUX32;
+        else
+                *ret = PER_LINUX;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void valgrind_summary_hack(void) {
+#if HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND) {
+                pid_t pid;
+                pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD);
+                if (pid < 0)
+                        log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to fork off valgrind helper: %m");
+                else if (pid == 0)
+                        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                else {
+                        log_info("Spawned valgrind helper as PID "PID_FMT".", pid);
+                        (void) wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
+                }
+        }
+#endif
+}
+
+int pid_compare_func(const pid_t *a, const pid_t *b) {
+        /* Suitable for usage in qsort() */
+        return CMP(*a, *b);
+}
+
+/* The cached PID, possible values:
+ *
+ *     == UNSET [0]  → cache not initialized yet
+ *     == BUSY [-1]  → some thread is initializing it at the moment
+ *     any other     → the cached PID
+ */
+
+#define CACHED_PID_UNSET ((pid_t) 0)
+#define CACHED_PID_BUSY ((pid_t) -1)
+
+static pid_t cached_pid = CACHED_PID_UNSET;
+
+void reset_cached_pid(void) {
+        /* Invoked in the child after a fork(), i.e. at the first moment the PID changed */
+        cached_pid = CACHED_PID_UNSET;
+}
+
+pid_t getpid_cached(void) {
+        static bool installed = false;
+        pid_t current_value = CACHED_PID_UNSET;
+
+        /* getpid_cached() is much like getpid(), but caches the value in local memory, to avoid having to invoke a
+         * system call each time. This restores glibc behaviour from before 2.24, when getpid() was unconditionally
+         * cached. Starting with 2.24 getpid() started to become prohibitively expensive when used for detecting when
+         * objects were used across fork()s. With this caching the old behaviour is somewhat restored.
+         *
+         * https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1443976
+         * https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;h=c579f48edba88380635ab98cb612030e3ed8691e
+         */
+
+        __atomic_compare_exchange_n(
+                        &cached_pid,
+                        &current_value,
+                        CACHED_PID_BUSY,
+                        false,
+                        __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST,
+                        __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+
+        switch (current_value) {
+
+        case CACHED_PID_UNSET: { /* Not initialized yet, then do so now */
+                pid_t new_pid;
+
+                new_pid = raw_getpid();
+
+                if (!installed) {
+                        /* __register_atfork() either returns 0 or -ENOMEM, in its glibc implementation. Since it's
+                         * only half-documented (glibc doesn't document it but LSB does — though only superficially)
+                         * we'll check for errors only in the most generic fashion possible. */
+
+                        if (pthread_atfork(NULL, NULL, reset_cached_pid) != 0) {
+                                /* OOM? Let's try again later */
+                                cached_pid = CACHED_PID_UNSET;
+                                return new_pid;
+                        }
+
+                        installed = true;
+                }
+
+                cached_pid = new_pid;
+                return new_pid;
+        }
+
+        case CACHED_PID_BUSY: /* Somebody else is currently initializing */
+                return raw_getpid();
+
+        default: /* Properly initialized */
+                return current_value;
+        }
+}
+
+int must_be_root(void) {
+
+        if (geteuid() == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM), "Need to be root.");
+}
+
+static void restore_sigsetp(sigset_t **ssp) {
+        if (*ssp)
+                (void) sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, *ssp, NULL);
+}
+
+int safe_fork_full(
+                const char *name,
+                const int except_fds[],
+                size_t n_except_fds,
+                ForkFlags flags,
+                pid_t *ret_pid) {
+
+        pid_t original_pid, pid;
+        sigset_t saved_ss, ss;
+        _unused_ _cleanup_(restore_sigsetp) sigset_t *saved_ssp = NULL;
+        bool block_signals = false, block_all = false;
+        int prio, r;
+
+        /* A wrapper around fork(), that does a couple of important initializations in addition to mere forking. Always
+         * returns the child's PID in *ret_pid. Returns == 0 in the child, and > 0 in the parent. */
+
+        prio = flags & FORK_LOG ? LOG_ERR : LOG_DEBUG;
+
+        original_pid = getpid_cached();
+
+        if (flags & FORK_FLUSH_STDIO) {
+                fflush(stdout);
+                fflush(stderr); /* This one shouldn't be necessary, stderr should be unbuffered anyway, but let's better be safe than sorry */
+        }
+
+        if (flags & (FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_DEATHSIG)) {
+                /* We temporarily block all signals, so that the new child has them blocked initially. This way, we can
+                 * be sure that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the child. */
+
+                assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
+                block_signals = block_all = true;
+
+        } else if (flags & FORK_WAIT) {
+                /* Let's block SIGCHLD at least, so that we can safely watch for the child process */
+
+                assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) >= 0);
+                assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, SIGCHLD) >= 0);
+                block_signals = true;
+        }
+
+        if (block_signals) {
+                if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) < 0)
+                        return log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to set signal mask: %m");
+                saved_ssp = &saved_ss;
+        }
+
+        if ((flags & (FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS|FORK_NEW_USERNS)) != 0)
+                pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD|
+                                (FLAGS_SET(flags, FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS) ? CLONE_NEWNS : 0) |
+                                (FLAGS_SET(flags, FORK_NEW_USERNS) ? CLONE_NEWUSER : 0));
+        else
+                pid = fork();
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to fork off '%s': %m", strna(name));
+        if (pid > 0) {
+                /* We are in the parent process */
+
+                log_debug("Successfully forked off '%s' as PID " PID_FMT ".", strna(name), pid);
+
+                if (flags & FORK_WAIT) {
+                        if (block_all) {
+                                /* undo everything except SIGCHLD */
+                                ss = saved_ss;
+                                assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, SIGCHLD) >= 0);
+                                (void) sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL);
+                        }
+
+                        r = wait_for_terminate_and_check(name, pid, (flags & FORK_LOG ? WAIT_LOG : 0));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r != EXIT_SUCCESS) /* exit status > 0 should be treated as failure, too */
+                                return -EPROTO;
+                }
+
+                if (ret_pid)
+                        *ret_pid = pid;
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* We are in the child process */
+
+        /* Restore signal mask manually */
+        saved_ssp = NULL;
+
+        if (flags & FORK_REOPEN_LOG) {
+                /* Close the logs if requested, before we log anything. And make sure we reopen it if needed. */
+                log_close();
+                log_set_open_when_needed(true);
+                log_settle_target();
+        }
+
+        if (name) {
+                r = rename_process(name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_full_errno(flags & FORK_LOG ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
+                                       r, "Failed to rename process, ignoring: %m");
+        }
+
+        if (flags & (FORK_DEATHSIG|FORK_DEATHSIG_SIGINT))
+                if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, (flags & FORK_DEATHSIG_SIGINT) ? SIGINT : SIGTERM) < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to set death signal: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_RESET_SIGNALS) {
+                r = reset_all_signal_handlers();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to reset signal handlers: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+                /* This implicitly undoes the signal mask stuff we did before the fork()ing above */
+                r = reset_signal_mask();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to reset signal mask: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        } else if (block_signals) { /* undo what we did above */
+                if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to restore signal mask: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_DEATHSIG) {
+                pid_t ppid;
+                /* Let's see if the parent PID is still the one we started from? If not, then the parent
+                 * already died by the time we set PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, hence let's emulate the effect */
+
+                ppid = getppid();
+                if (ppid == 0)
+                        /* Parent is in a different PID namespace. */;
+                else if (ppid != original_pid) {
+                        log_debug("Parent died early, raising SIGTERM.");
+                        (void) raise(SIGTERM);
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS | FORK_MOUNTNS_SLAVE)) {
+
+                /* Optionally, make sure we never propagate mounts to the host. */
+
+                if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to remount root directory as MS_SLAVE: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS) {
+                /* Close the logs here in case it got reopened above, as close_all_fds() would close them for us */
+                log_close();
+
+                r = close_all_fds(except_fds, n_except_fds);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to close all file descriptors: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_CLOEXEC_OFF) {
+                r = fd_cloexec_many(except_fds, n_except_fds, false);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to turn off O_CLOEXEC on file descriptors: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* When we were asked to reopen the logs, do so again now */
+        if (flags & FORK_REOPEN_LOG) {
+                log_open();
+                log_set_open_when_needed(false);
+        }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_NULL_STDIO) {
+                r = make_null_stdio();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to connect stdin/stdout to /dev/null: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+        } else if (flags & FORK_STDOUT_TO_STDERR) {
+                if (dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, errno, "Failed to connect stdout to stderr: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (flags & FORK_RLIMIT_NOFILE_SAFE) {
+                r = rlimit_nofile_safe();
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(prio, r, "Failed to lower RLIMIT_NOFILE's soft limit to 1K: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ret_pid)
+                *ret_pid = getpid_cached();
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int namespace_fork(
+                const char *outer_name,
+                const char *inner_name,
+                const int except_fds[],
+                size_t n_except_fds,
+                ForkFlags flags,
+                int pidns_fd,
+                int mntns_fd,
+                int netns_fd,
+                int userns_fd,
+                int root_fd,
+                pid_t *ret_pid) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        /* This is much like safe_fork(), but forks twice, and joins the specified namespaces in the middle
+         * process. This ensures that we are fully a member of the destination namespace, with pidns an all, so that
+         * /proc/self/fd works correctly. */
+
+        r = safe_fork_full(outer_name, except_fds, n_except_fds, (flags|FORK_DEATHSIG) & ~(FORK_REOPEN_LOG|FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS|FORK_MOUNTNS_SLAVE), ret_pid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                /* Child */
+
+                r = namespace_enter(pidns_fd, mntns_fd, netns_fd, userns_fd, root_fd);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_full_errno(FLAGS_SET(flags, FORK_LOG) ? LOG_ERR : LOG_DEBUG, r, "Failed to join namespace: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+                /* We mask a few flags here that either make no sense for the grandchild, or that we don't have to do again */
+                r = safe_fork_full(inner_name, except_fds, n_except_fds, flags & ~(FORK_WAIT|FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS|FORK_NULL_STDIO), &pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        /* Child */
+                        if (ret_pid)
+                                *ret_pid = pid;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = wait_for_terminate_and_check(inner_name, pid, FLAGS_SET(flags, FORK_LOG) ? WAIT_LOG : 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                _exit(r);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int set_oom_score_adjust(int value) {
+        char t[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+
+        xsprintf(t, "%i", value);
+
+        return write_string_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", t,
+                                 WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE|WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+}
+
+int get_oom_score_adjust(int *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r, a;
+
+        r = read_virtual_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", SIZE_MAX, &t, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        delete_trailing_chars(t, WHITESPACE);
+
+        assert_se(safe_atoi(t, &a) >= 0);
+        assert_se(oom_score_adjust_is_valid(a));
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = a;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int pidfd_get_pid(int fd, pid_t *ret) {
+        char path[STRLEN("/proc/self/fdinfo/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fdinfo = NULL;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -EBADF;
+
+        xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", fd);
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(path, &fdinfo, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* if fdinfo doesn't exist we assume the process does not exist */
+                return -ESRCH;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = startswith(fdinfo, "Pid:");
+        if (!p) {
+                p = strstr(fdinfo, "\nPid:");
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOTTY; /* not a pidfd? */
+
+                p += 5;
+        }
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        p[strcspn(p, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
+
+        return parse_pid(p, ret);
+}
+
+static int rlimit_to_nice(rlim_t limit) {
+        if (limit <= 1)
+                return PRIO_MAX-1; /* i.e. 19 */
+
+        if (limit >= -PRIO_MIN + PRIO_MAX)
+                return PRIO_MIN; /* i.e. -20 */
+
+        return PRIO_MAX - (int) limit;
+}
+
+int setpriority_closest(int priority) {
+        int current, limit, saved_errno;
+        struct rlimit highest;
+
+        /* Try to set requested nice level */
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, priority) >= 0)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* Permission failed */
+        saved_errno = -errno;
+        if (!ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(saved_errno))
+                return saved_errno;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        current = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0);
+        if (errno != 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (priority == current)
+                return 1;
+
+       /* Hmm, we'd expect that raising the nice level from our status quo would always work. If it doesn't,
+        * then the whole setpriority() system call is blocked to us, hence let's propagate the error
+        * right-away */
+        if (priority > current)
+                return saved_errno;
+
+        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, &highest) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        limit = rlimit_to_nice(highest.rlim_cur);
+
+        /* We are already less nice than limit allows us */
+        if (current < limit) {
+                log_debug("Cannot raise nice level, permissions and the resource limit do not allow it.");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Push to the allowed limit */
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, limit) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        log_debug("Cannot set requested nice level (%i), used next best (%i).", priority, limit);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool invoked_as(char *argv[], const char *token) {
+        if (!argv || isempty(argv[0]))
+                return false;
+
+        if (isempty(token))
+                return false;
+
+        return strstr(last_path_component(argv[0]), token);
+}
+
+bool invoked_by_systemd(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* If the process is directly executed by PID1 (e.g. ExecStart= or generator), systemd-importd,
+         * or systemd-homed, then $SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID= is set, and read the command line. */
+        const char *e = getenv("SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID");
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(e, "*"))
+                /* For testing. */
+                return true;
+
+        pid_t p;
+        r = parse_pid(e, &p);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* We know that systemd sets the variable correctly. Something else must have set it. */
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse \"SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=%s\", ignoring: %m", e);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return getpid_cached() == p;
+}
+
+_noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
+        log_close();
+
+        /* Make sure nobody waits for us (i.e. on one of our sockets) anymore. Note that we use
+         * close_all_fds_without_malloc() instead of plain close_all_fds() here, since we want this function
+         * to be compatible with being called from signal handlers. */
+        (void) close_all_fds_without_malloc(NULL, 0);
+
+        /* Let's not freeze right away, but keep reaping zombies. */
+        for (;;) {
+                siginfo_t si = {};
+
+                if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0 && errno != EINTR)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        /* waitid() failed with an unexpected error, things are really borked. Freeze now! */
+        for (;;)
+                pause();
+}
+
+bool argv_looks_like_help(int argc, char **argv) {
+        char **l;
+
+        /* Scans the command line for indications the user asks for help. This is supposed to be called by
+         * tools that do not implement getopt() style command line parsing because they are not primarily
+         * user-facing. Detects four ways of asking for help:
+         *
+         * 1. Passing zero arguments
+         * 2. Passing "help" as first argument
+         * 3. Passing --help as any argument
+         * 4. Passing -h as any argument
+         */
+
+        if (argc <= 1)
+                return true;
+
+        if (streq_ptr(argv[1], "help"))
+                return true;
+
+        l = strv_skip(argv, 1);
+
+        return strv_contains(l, "--help") ||
+                strv_contains(l, "-h");
+}
+
+static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
+        [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
+        [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
+        [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
+        [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
+        [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
+        [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
+
+static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
+        [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
+        [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
+        [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
+        [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
+        [SCHED_RR] = "rr",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.h b/src/basic/process-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed2f736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+#define procfs_file_alloca(pid, field)                                  \
+        ({                                                              \
+                pid_t _pid_ = (pid);                                    \
+                const char *_field_ = (field);                          \
+                char *_r_;                                              \
+                if (_pid_ == 0) {                                       \
+                        _r_ = newa(char, STRLEN("/proc/self/") + strlen(_field_) + 1); \
+                        strcpy(stpcpy(_r_, "/proc/self/"), _field_);    \
+                } else {                                                \
+                        _r_ = newa(char, STRLEN("/proc/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1 + strlen(_field_) + 1); \
+                        sprintf(_r_, "/proc/" PID_FMT "/%s", _pid_, _field_); \
+                }                                                       \
+                (const char*) _r_;                                      \
+        })
+
+typedef enum ProcessCmdlineFlags {
+        PROCESS_CMDLINE_COMM_FALLBACK = 1 << 0,
+        PROCESS_CMDLINE_USE_LOCALE    = 1 << 1,
+        PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE         = 1 << 2,
+        PROCESS_CMDLINE_QUOTE_POSIX   = 1 << 3,
+} ProcessCmdlineFlags;
+
+int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_columns, ProcessCmdlineFlags flags, char **ret);
+int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *ret);
+int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *ret);
+int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **ret);
+int get_process_ppid(pid_t pid, pid_t *ret);
+int get_process_umask(pid_t pid, mode_t *ret);
+
+int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status);
+
+typedef enum WaitFlags {
+        WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL             = 1 << 0,
+        WAIT_LOG_NON_ZERO_EXIT_STATUS = 1 << 1,
+
+        /* A shortcut for requesting the most complete logging */
+        WAIT_LOG = WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL|WAIT_LOG_NON_ZERO_EXIT_STATUS,
+} WaitFlags;
+
+int wait_for_terminate_and_check(const char *name, pid_t pid, WaitFlags flags);
+int wait_for_terminate_with_timeout(pid_t pid, usec_t timeout);
+
+void sigkill_wait(pid_t pid);
+void sigkill_waitp(pid_t *pid);
+void sigterm_wait(pid_t pid);
+
+int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig);
+
+int rename_process(const char name[]);
+int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid);
+
+int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value);
+
+bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid);
+bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid);
+int pid_is_my_child(pid_t pid);
+int pid_from_same_root_fs(pid_t pid);
+
+bool is_main_thread(void);
+
+bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa);
+
+#ifndef PERSONALITY_INVALID
+/* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for querying the
+ * current personality, hence let's use that here as error
+ * indicator. */
+#define PERSONALITY_INVALID 0xffffffffLU
+#endif
+
+unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p);
+const char *personality_to_string(unsigned long);
+
+int safe_personality(unsigned long p);
+int opinionated_personality(unsigned long *ret);
+
+const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
+
+static inline pid_t PTR_TO_PID(const void *p) {
+        return (pid_t) ((uintptr_t) p);
+}
+
+static inline void* PID_TO_PTR(pid_t pid) {
+        return (void*) ((uintptr_t) pid);
+}
+
+void valgrind_summary_hack(void);
+
+int pid_compare_func(const pid_t *a, const pid_t *b);
+
+static inline bool nice_is_valid(int n) {
+        return n >= PRIO_MIN && n < PRIO_MAX;
+}
+
+static inline bool sched_policy_is_valid(int i) {
+        return IN_SET(i, SCHED_OTHER, SCHED_BATCH, SCHED_IDLE, SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR);
+}
+
+static inline bool sched_priority_is_valid(int i) {
+        return i >= 0 && i <= sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_RR);
+}
+
+static inline bool pid_is_valid(pid_t p) {
+        return p > 0;
+}
+
+pid_t getpid_cached(void);
+void reset_cached_pid(void);
+
+int must_be_root(void);
+
+typedef enum ForkFlags {
+        FORK_RESET_SIGNALS      = 1 <<  0, /* Reset all signal handlers and signal mask */
+        FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS      = 1 <<  1, /* Close all open file descriptors in the child, except for 0,1,2 */
+        FORK_DEATHSIG           = 1 <<  2, /* Set PR_DEATHSIG in the child to SIGTERM */
+        FORK_DEATHSIG_SIGINT    = 1 <<  3, /* Set PR_DEATHSIG in the child to SIGINT */
+        FORK_NULL_STDIO         = 1 <<  4, /* Connect 0,1,2 to /dev/null */
+        FORK_REOPEN_LOG         = 1 <<  5, /* Reopen log connection */
+        FORK_LOG                = 1 <<  6, /* Log above LOG_DEBUG log level about failures */
+        FORK_WAIT               = 1 <<  7, /* Wait until child exited */
+        FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS        = 1 <<  8, /* Run child in its own mount namespace */
+        FORK_MOUNTNS_SLAVE      = 1 <<  9, /* Make child's mount namespace MS_SLAVE */
+        FORK_RLIMIT_NOFILE_SAFE = 1 << 10, /* Set RLIMIT_NOFILE soft limit to 1K for select() compat */
+        FORK_STDOUT_TO_STDERR   = 1 << 11, /* Make stdout a copy of stderr */
+        FORK_FLUSH_STDIO        = 1 << 12, /* fflush() stdout (and stderr) before forking */
+        FORK_NEW_USERNS         = 1 << 13, /* Run child in its own user namespace */
+        FORK_CLOEXEC_OFF        = 1 << 14, /* In the child: turn off O_CLOEXEC on all fds in except_fds[] */
+} ForkFlags;
+
+int safe_fork_full(const char *name, const int except_fds[], size_t n_except_fds, ForkFlags flags, pid_t *ret_pid);
+
+static inline int safe_fork(const char *name, ForkFlags flags, pid_t *ret_pid) {
+        return safe_fork_full(name, NULL, 0, flags, ret_pid);
+}
+
+int namespace_fork(const char *outer_name, const char *inner_name, const int except_fds[], size_t n_except_fds, ForkFlags flags, int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int userns_fd, int root_fd, pid_t *ret_pid);
+
+int set_oom_score_adjust(int value);
+int get_oom_score_adjust(int *ret);
+
+/* The highest possibly (theoretic) pid_t value on this architecture. */
+#define PID_T_MAX ((pid_t) INT32_MAX)
+/* The maximum number of concurrent processes Linux allows on this architecture, as well as the highest valid PID value
+ * the kernel will potentially assign. This reflects a value compiled into the kernel (PID_MAX_LIMIT), and sets the
+ * upper boundary on what may be written to the /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max sysctl (but do note that the sysctl is off by
+ * 1, since PID 0 can never exist and there can hence only be one process less than the limit would suggest). Since
+ * these values are documented in proc(5) we feel quite confident that they are stable enough for the near future at
+ * least to define them here too. */
+#define TASKS_MAX 4194303U
+
+assert_cc(TASKS_MAX <= (unsigned long) PID_T_MAX);
+
+/* Like TAKE_PTR() but for child PIDs, resetting them to 0 */
+#define TAKE_PID(pid)                           \
+        ({                                      \
+                pid_t *_ppid_ = &(pid);         \
+                pid_t _pid_ = *_ppid_;          \
+                *_ppid_ = 0;                    \
+                _pid_;                          \
+        })
+
+int pidfd_get_pid(int fd, pid_t *ret);
+
+int setpriority_closest(int priority);
+
+bool invoked_as(char *argv[], const char *token);
+
+bool invoked_by_systemd(void);
+
+_noreturn_ void freeze(void);
+
+bool argv_looks_like_help(int argc, char **argv);
diff --git a/src/basic/procfs-util.c b/src/basic/procfs-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f60730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/procfs-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "procfs-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int procfs_get_pid_max(uint64_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", &value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return safe_atou64(value, ret);
+}
+
+int procfs_get_threads_max(uint64_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max", &value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return safe_atou64(value, ret);
+}
+
+int procfs_tasks_set_limit(uint64_t limit) {
+        char buffer[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t)+1];
+        uint64_t pid_max;
+        int r;
+
+        if (limit == 0) /* This makes no sense, we are userspace and hence count as tasks too, and we want to live,
+                         * hence the limit conceptually has to be above 0. Also, most likely if anyone asks for a zero
+                         * limit they probably mean "no limit", hence let's better refuse this to avoid
+                         * confusion. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* The Linux kernel doesn't allow this value to go below 20, hence don't allow this either, higher values than
+         * TASKS_MAX are not accepted by the pid_max sysctl. We'll treat anything this high as "unbounded" and hence
+         * set it to the maximum. */
+        limit = CLAMP(limit, 20U, TASKS_MAX);
+
+        r = procfs_get_pid_max(&pid_max);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* As pid_max is about the numeric pid_t range we'll bump it if necessary, but only ever increase it, never
+         * decrease it, as threads-max is the much more relevant sysctl. */
+        if (limit > pid_max-1) {
+                sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu64, limit+1); /* Add one, since PID 0 is not a valid PID */
+                r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max", buffer, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu64, limit);
+        r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max", buffer, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                uint64_t threads_max;
+
+                /* Hmm, we couldn't write this? If so, maybe it was already set properly? In that case let's not
+                 * generate an error */
+
+                if (procfs_get_threads_max(&threads_max) < 0)
+                        return r; /* return original error */
+
+                if (MIN(pid_max - 1, threads_max) != limit)
+                        return r; /* return original error */
+
+                /* Yay! Value set already matches what we were trying to set, hence consider this a success. */
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int procfs_tasks_get_current(uint64_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        const char *p, *nr;
+        size_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/loadavg", &value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Look for the second part of the fourth field, which is separated by a slash from the first part. None of the
+         * earlier fields use a slash, hence let's use this to find the right spot. */
+        p = strchr(value, '/');
+        if (!p)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p++;
+        n = strspn(p, DIGITS);
+        nr = strndupa_safe(p, n);
+
+        return safe_atou64(nr, ret);
+}
+
+static uint64_t calc_gcd64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
+
+        while (b > 0) {
+                uint64_t t;
+
+                t = a % b;
+
+                a = b;
+                b = t;
+        }
+
+        return a;
+}
+
+int procfs_cpu_get_usage(nsec_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *first_line = NULL;
+        unsigned long user_ticks, nice_ticks, system_ticks, irq_ticks, softirq_ticks,
+                guest_ticks = 0, guest_nice_ticks = 0;
+        long ticks_per_second;
+        uint64_t sum, gcd, a, b;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/stat", &first_line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = first_word(first_line, "cpu");
+        if (!p)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (sscanf(p, "%lu %lu %lu %*u %*u %lu %lu %*u %lu %lu",
+                   &user_ticks,
+                   &nice_ticks,
+                   &system_ticks,
+                   &irq_ticks,
+                   &softirq_ticks,
+                   &guest_ticks,
+                   &guest_nice_ticks) < 5) /* we only insist on the first five fields */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        ticks_per_second = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
+        if (ticks_per_second  < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        assert(ticks_per_second > 0);
+
+        sum = (uint64_t) user_ticks + (uint64_t) nice_ticks + (uint64_t) system_ticks +
+                (uint64_t) irq_ticks + (uint64_t) softirq_ticks +
+                (uint64_t) guest_ticks + (uint64_t) guest_nice_ticks;
+
+        /* Let's reduce this fraction before we apply it to avoid overflows when converting this to µsec */
+        gcd = calc_gcd64(NSEC_PER_SEC, ticks_per_second);
+
+        a = (uint64_t) NSEC_PER_SEC / gcd;
+        b = (uint64_t) ticks_per_second / gcd;
+
+        *ret = DIV_ROUND_UP((nsec_t) sum * (nsec_t) a, (nsec_t) b);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int convert_meminfo_value_to_uint64_bytes(const char *word, uint64_t *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *w = NULL;
+        char *digits, *e;
+        uint64_t v;
+        size_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(word);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        w = strdup(word);
+        if (!w)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Determine length of numeric value */
+        n = strspn(w, WHITESPACE);
+        digits = w + n;
+        n = strspn(digits, DIGITS);
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        e = digits + n;
+
+        /* Ensure the line ends in " kB" */
+        n = strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!streq(e + n, "kB"))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *e = 0;
+        r = safe_atou64(digits, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (v == UINT64_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (v > UINT64_MAX/1024)
+                return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+        *ret = v * 1024U;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int procfs_memory_get(uint64_t *ret_total, uint64_t *ret_used) {
+        uint64_t mem_total = UINT64_MAX, mem_available = UINT64_MAX;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        f = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                uint64_t *v;
+                char *p;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL; /* EOF: Couldn't find one or both fields? */
+
+                p = first_word(line, "MemTotal:");
+                if (p)
+                        v = &mem_total;
+                else {
+                        p = first_word(line, "MemAvailable:");
+                        if (p)
+                                v = &mem_available;
+                        else
+                                continue;
+                }
+
+                r = convert_meminfo_value_to_uint64_bytes(p, v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (mem_total != UINT64_MAX && mem_available != UINT64_MAX)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (mem_available > mem_total)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret_total)
+                *ret_total = mem_total;
+        if (ret_used)
+                *ret_used = mem_total - mem_available;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/procfs-util.h b/src/basic/procfs-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb8c773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/procfs-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int procfs_get_pid_max(uint64_t *ret);
+int procfs_get_threads_max(uint64_t *ret);
+
+int procfs_tasks_set_limit(uint64_t limit);
+int procfs_tasks_get_current(uint64_t *ret);
+
+int procfs_cpu_get_usage(nsec_t *ret);
+
+int procfs_memory_get(uint64_t *ret_total, uint64_t *ret_used);
+static inline int procfs_memory_get_used(uint64_t *ret) {
+        return procfs_memory_get(NULL, ret);
+}
+
+int convert_meminfo_value_to_uint64_bytes(const char *word, uint64_t *ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/pthread-util.h b/src/basic/pthread-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..113485d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/pthread-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static inline pthread_mutex_t* pthread_mutex_lock_assert(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
+        assert_se(pthread_mutex_lock(mutex) == 0);
+        return mutex;
+}
+
+static inline void pthread_mutex_unlock_assertp(pthread_mutex_t **mutexp) {
+        if (*mutexp)
+                assert_se(pthread_mutex_unlock(*mutexp) == 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/random-util.c b/src/basic/random-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..200a914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/random-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
+#  include <sys/auxv.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "missing_random.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "sha256.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+/* This is a "best effort" kind of thing, but has no real security value.  So, this should only be used by
+ * random_bytes(), which is not meant for crypto. This could be made better, but we're *not* trying to roll a
+ * userspace prng here, or even have forward secrecy, but rather just do the shortest thing that is at least
+ * better than libc rand(). */
+static void fallback_random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
+        static thread_local uint64_t fallback_counter = 0;
+        struct {
+                char label[32];
+                uint64_t call_id, block_id;
+                usec_t stamp_mono, stamp_real;
+                pid_t pid, tid;
+                uint8_t auxval[16];
+        } state = {
+                /* Arbitrary domain separation to prevent other usage of AT_RANDOM from clashing. */
+                .label = "systemd fallback random bytes v1",
+                .call_id = fallback_counter++,
+                .stamp_mono = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
+                .stamp_real = now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                .pid = getpid(),
+                .tid = gettid(),
+        };
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
+        memcpy(state.auxval, ULONG_TO_PTR(getauxval(AT_RANDOM)), sizeof(state.auxval));
+#endif
+
+        while (n > 0) {
+                struct sha256_ctx ctx;
+
+                sha256_init_ctx(&ctx);
+                sha256_process_bytes(&state, sizeof(state), &ctx);
+                if (n < SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE) {
+                        uint8_t partial[SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE];
+                        sha256_finish_ctx(&ctx, partial);
+                        memcpy(p, partial, n);
+                        break;
+                }
+                sha256_finish_ctx(&ctx, p);
+                p = (uint8_t *) p + SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE;
+                n -= SHA256_DIGEST_SIZE;
+                ++state.block_id;
+        }
+}
+
+void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
+        static bool have_getrandom = true, have_grndinsecure = true;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        if (n == 0)
+                return;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ssize_t l;
+
+                if (!have_getrandom)
+                        break;
+
+                l = getrandom(p, n, have_grndinsecure ? GRND_INSECURE : GRND_NONBLOCK);
+                if (l > 0) {
+                        if ((size_t) l == n)
+                                return; /* Done reading, success. */
+                        p = (uint8_t *) p + l;
+                        n -= l;
+                        continue; /* Interrupted by a signal; keep going. */
+                } else if (l == 0)
+                        break; /* Weird, so fallback to /dev/urandom. */
+                else if (ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno)) {
+                        have_getrandom = false;
+                        break; /* No syscall, so fallback to /dev/urandom. */
+                } else if (errno == EINVAL && have_grndinsecure) {
+                        have_grndinsecure = false;
+                        continue; /* No GRND_INSECURE; fallback to GRND_NONBLOCK. */
+                } else if (errno == EAGAIN && !have_grndinsecure)
+                        break; /* Will block, but no GRND_INSECURE, so fallback to /dev/urandom. */
+
+                break; /* Unexpected, so just give up and fallback to /dev/urandom. */
+        }
+
+        fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd >= 0 && loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, false) == 0)
+                return;
+
+        /* This is a terrible fallback. Oh well. */
+        fallback_random_bytes(p, n);
+}
+
+int crypto_random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
+        static bool have_getrandom = true, seen_initialized = false;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        if (n == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ssize_t l;
+
+                if (!have_getrandom)
+                        break;
+
+                l = getrandom(p, n, 0);
+                if (l > 0) {
+                        if ((size_t) l == n)
+                                return 0; /* Done reading, success. */
+                        p = (uint8_t *) p + l;
+                        n -= l;
+                        continue; /* Interrupted by a signal; keep going. */
+                } else if (l == 0)
+                        return -EIO; /* Weird, should never happen. */
+                else if (ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno)) {
+                        have_getrandom = false;
+                        break; /* No syscall, so fallback to /dev/urandom. */
+                }
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (!seen_initialized) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int ready_fd = -1;
+                int r;
+
+                ready_fd = open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+                if (ready_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                r = fd_wait_for_event(ready_fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                seen_initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, false);
+}
+
+size_t random_pool_size(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Read pool size, if possible */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/random/poolsize", &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read pool size from kernel: %m");
+        else {
+                unsigned sz;
+
+                r = safe_atou(s, &sz);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse pool size: %s", s);
+                else
+                        /* poolsize is in bits on 2.6, but we want bytes */
+                        return CLAMP(sz / 8, RANDOM_POOL_SIZE_MIN, RANDOM_POOL_SIZE_MAX);
+        }
+
+        /* Use the minimum as default, if we can't retrieve the correct value */
+        return RANDOM_POOL_SIZE_MIN;
+}
+
+int random_write_entropy(int fd, const void *seed, size_t size, bool credit) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(seed || size == 0);
+
+        if (size == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                opened_fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+                if (opened_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                fd = opened_fd;
+        }
+
+        if (credit) {
+                _cleanup_free_ struct rand_pool_info *info = NULL;
+
+                /* The kernel API only accepts "int" as entropy count (which is in bits), let's avoid any
+                 * chance for confusion here. */
+                if (size > INT_MAX / 8)
+                        return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+                info = malloc(offsetof(struct rand_pool_info, buf) + size);
+                if (!info)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                info->entropy_count = size * 8;
+                info->buf_size = size;
+                memcpy(info->buf, seed, size);
+
+                if (ioctl(fd, RNDADDENTROPY, info) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                r = loop_write(fd, seed, size, false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+uint64_t random_u64_range(uint64_t m) {
+        uint64_t x, remainder;
+
+        /* Generates a random number in the range 0…m-1, unbiased. (Java's algorithm) */
+
+        if (m == 0) /* Let's take m == 0 as special case to return an integer from the full range */
+                return random_u64();
+        if (m == 1)
+                return 0;
+
+        remainder = UINT64_MAX % m;
+
+        do {
+                x = random_u64();
+        } while (x >= UINT64_MAX - remainder);
+
+        return x % m;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/random-util.h b/src/basic/random-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d99807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/random-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n); /* Returns random bytes suitable for most uses, but may be insecure sometimes. */
+int crypto_random_bytes(void *p, size_t n); /* Returns secure random bytes after waiting for the RNG to initialize. */
+
+static inline uint64_t random_u64(void) {
+        uint64_t u;
+        random_bytes(&u, sizeof(u));
+        return u;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t random_u32(void) {
+        uint32_t u;
+        random_bytes(&u, sizeof(u));
+        return u;
+}
+
+/* Some limits on the pool sizes when we deal with the kernel random pool */
+#define RANDOM_POOL_SIZE_MIN 32U
+#define RANDOM_POOL_SIZE_MAX (10U*1024U*1024U)
+
+size_t random_pool_size(void);
+
+int random_write_entropy(int fd, const void *seed, size_t size, bool credit);
+
+uint64_t random_u64_range(uint64_t max);
diff --git a/src/basic/ratelimit.c b/src/basic/ratelimit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e1d5be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ratelimit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "ratelimit.h"
+
+/* Modelled after Linux' lib/ratelimit.c by Dave Young
+ * <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com>, which is licensed GPLv2. */
+
+bool ratelimit_below(RateLimit *r) {
+        usec_t ts;
+
+        assert(r);
+
+        if (!ratelimit_configured(r))
+                return true;
+
+        ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+        if (r->begin <= 0 ||
+            usec_sub_unsigned(ts, r->begin) > r->interval) {
+                r->begin = ts;
+
+                /* Reset counter */
+                r->num = 0;
+                goto good;
+        }
+
+        if (r->num < r->burst)
+                goto good;
+
+        r->num++;
+        return false;
+
+good:
+        r->num++;
+        return true;
+}
+
+unsigned ratelimit_num_dropped(RateLimit *r) {
+        assert(r);
+
+        return r->num > r->burst ? r->num - r->burst : 0;
+}
+
+usec_t ratelimit_end(const RateLimit *rl) {
+        assert(rl);
+
+        if (rl->begin == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        return usec_add(rl->begin, rl->interval);
+}
+
+usec_t ratelimit_left(const RateLimit *rl) {
+        assert(rl);
+
+        if (rl->begin == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        return usec_sub_unsigned(ratelimit_end(rl), now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/ratelimit.h b/src/basic/ratelimit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb7160a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/ratelimit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+typedef struct RateLimit {
+        usec_t interval; /* Keep those two fields first so they can be initialized easily: */
+        unsigned burst;  /*   RateLimit rl = { INTERVAL, BURST }; */
+        unsigned num;
+        usec_t begin;
+} RateLimit;
+
+static inline void ratelimit_reset(RateLimit *rl) {
+        rl->num = rl->begin = 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool ratelimit_configured(RateLimit *rl) {
+        return rl->interval > 0 && rl->burst > 0;
+}
+
+bool ratelimit_below(RateLimit *r);
+
+unsigned ratelimit_num_dropped(RateLimit *r);
+
+usec_t ratelimit_end(const RateLimit *rl);
+usec_t ratelimit_left(const RateLimit *rl);
diff --git a/src/basic/raw-clone.h b/src/basic/raw-clone.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..becf42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/raw-clone.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  Copyright © 2016 Michael Karcher
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/**
+ * raw_clone() - uses clone to create a new process with clone flags
+ * @flags: Flags to pass to the clone system call
+ *
+ * Uses the clone system call to create a new process with the cloning flags and termination signal passed in the flags
+ * parameter. Opposed to glibc's clone function, using this function does not set up a separate stack for the child, but
+ * relies on copy-on-write semantics on the one stack at a common virtual address, just as fork does.
+ *
+ * To obtain copy-on-write semantics, flags must not contain CLONE_VM, and thus CLONE_THREAD and CLONE_SIGHAND (which
+ * require CLONE_VM) are not usable.
+ *
+ * Additionally, as this function does not pass the ptid, newtls and ctid parameters to the kernel, flags must not
+ * contain CLONE_PARENT_SETTID, CLONE_CHILD_SETTID, CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID or CLONE_SETTLS.
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 in the child process and the child process id in the parent.
+ */
+static inline pid_t raw_clone(unsigned long flags) {
+        pid_t ret;
+
+        assert((flags & (CLONE_VM|CLONE_PARENT_SETTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|
+                         CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_SETTLS)) == 0);
+#if defined(__s390x__) || defined(__s390__) || defined(__CRIS__)
+        /* On s390/s390x and cris the order of the first and second arguments
+         * of the raw clone() system call is reversed. */
+        ret = (pid_t) syscall(__NR_clone, NULL, flags);
+#elif defined(__sparc__)
+        {
+                /**
+                 * sparc always returns the other process id in %o0, and
+                 * a boolean flag whether this is the child or the parent in
+                 * %o1. Inline assembly is needed to get the flag returned
+                 * in %o1.
+                 */
+                int in_child, child_pid, error;
+
+                asm volatile("mov %3, %%g1\n\t"
+                             "mov %4, %%o0\n\t"
+                             "mov 0 , %%o1\n\t"
+#if defined(__arch64__)
+                             "t 0x6d\n\t"
+#else
+                             "t 0x10\n\t"
+#endif
+                             "addx %%g0, 0, %2\n\t"
+                             "mov %%o1, %0\n\t"
+                             "mov %%o0, %1" :
+                             "=r"(in_child), "=r"(child_pid), "=r"(error) :
+                             "i"(__NR_clone), "r"(flags) :
+                             "%o1", "%o0", "%g1", "cc" );
+
+                if (error) {
+                        errno = child_pid;
+                        ret = -1;
+                } else
+                        ret = in_child ? 0 : child_pid;
+        }
+#else
+        ret = (pid_t) syscall(__NR_clone, flags, NULL);
+#endif
+
+        if (ret == 0)
+                reset_cached_pid();
+
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/raw-reboot.h b/src/basic/raw-reboot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6bff30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/raw-reboot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/reboot.h>
+#include <sys/reboot.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+/* glibc defines the reboot() API call, which is a wrapper around the system call of the same name, but without the
+ * extra "arg" parameter. Since we need that parameter for some calls, let's add a "raw" wrapper that is defined the
+ * same way, except it takes the additional argument. */
+
+static inline int raw_reboot(int cmd, const void *arg) {
+        return (int) syscall(SYS_reboot, LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1, LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2, cmd, arg);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/recurse-dir.c b/src/basic/recurse-dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16ca98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/recurse-dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "mountpoint-util.h"
+#include "recurse-dir.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_RECURSION_MAX 100
+
+static int sort_func(struct dirent * const *a, struct dirent * const *b) {
+        return strcmp((*a)->d_name, (*b)->d_name);
+}
+
+static bool ignore_dirent(const struct dirent *de, RecurseDirFlags flags) {
+        assert(de);
+
+        /* Depending on flag either ignore everything starting with ".", or just "." itself and ".." */
+
+        return FLAGS_SET(flags, RECURSE_DIR_IGNORE_DOT) ?
+                de->d_name[0] == '.' :
+                dot_or_dot_dot(de->d_name);
+}
+
+int readdir_all(int dir_fd,
+                RecurseDirFlags flags,
+                DirectoryEntries **ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ DirectoryEntries *de = NULL;
+        struct dirent *entry;
+        DirectoryEntries *nde;
+        size_t add, sz, j;
+
+        assert(dir_fd >= 0);
+
+        /* Returns an array with pointers to "struct dirent" directory entries, optionally sorted. Free the
+         * array with readdir_all_freep().
+         *
+         * Start with space for up to 8 directory entries. We expect at least 2 ("." + ".."), hence hopefully
+         * 8 will cover most cases comprehensively. (Note that most likely a lot more entries will actually
+         * fit in the buffer, given we calculate maximum file name length here.) */
+        de = malloc(offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer) + DIRENT_SIZE_MAX * 8);
+        if (!de)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        de->buffer_size = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t bs;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                bs = MIN(MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(de) - offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer), (size_t) SSIZE_MAX);
+                assert(bs > de->buffer_size);
+
+                n = getdents64(dir_fd, (uint8_t*) de->buffer + de->buffer_size, bs - de->buffer_size);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (n == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                msan_unpoison((uint8_t*) de->buffer + de->buffer_size, n);
+
+                de->buffer_size += n;
+
+                if (de->buffer_size < bs - DIRENT_SIZE_MAX) /* Still room for one more entry, then try to
+                                                             * fill it up without growing the structure. */
+                        continue;
+
+                if (bs >= SSIZE_MAX - offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer))
+                        return -EFBIG;
+                bs = bs >= (SSIZE_MAX - offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer))/2 ? SSIZE_MAX - offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer) : bs * 2;
+
+                nde = realloc(de, bs);
+                if (!nde)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                de = nde;
+        }
+
+        de->n_entries = 0;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_IN_BUFFER(entry, de->buffer, de->buffer_size) {
+                if (ignore_dirent(entry, flags))
+                        continue;
+
+                de->n_entries++;
+        }
+
+        sz = ALIGN(offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer) + de->buffer_size);
+        add = sizeof(struct dirent*) * de->n_entries;
+        if (add > SIZE_MAX - add)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        nde = realloc(de, sz + add);
+        if (!nde)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        de = nde;
+        de->entries = (struct dirent**) ((uint8_t*) de + ALIGN(offsetof(DirectoryEntries, buffer) + de->buffer_size));
+
+        j = 0;
+        FOREACH_DIRENT_IN_BUFFER(entry, de->buffer, de->buffer_size) {
+                if (ignore_dirent(entry, flags))
+                        continue;
+
+                de->entries[j++] = entry;
+        }
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, RECURSE_DIR_SORT))
+                typesafe_qsort(de->entries, de->n_entries, sort_func);
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(de);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int recurse_dir(
+                int dir_fd,
+                const char *path,
+                unsigned statx_mask,
+                unsigned n_depth_max,
+                RecurseDirFlags flags,
+                recurse_dir_func_t func,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ DirectoryEntries *de = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(dir_fd >= 0);
+        assert(func);
+
+        /* This is a lot like ftw()/nftw(), but a lot more modern, i.e. built around openat()/statx()/O_PATH,
+         * and under the assumption that fds are not as 'expensive' as they used to be. */
+
+        if (n_depth_max == 0)
+                return -EOVERFLOW;
+        if (n_depth_max == UINT_MAX) /* special marker for "default" */
+                n_depth_max = DEFAULT_RECURSION_MAX;
+
+        r = readdir_all(dir_fd, flags, &de);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < de->n_entries; i++) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int inode_fd = -1, subdir_fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *joined = NULL;
+                STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(sx);
+                bool sx_valid = false;
+                const char *p;
+
+                /* For each directory entry we'll do one of the following:
+                 *
+                 * 1) If the entry refers to a directory, we'll open it as O_DIRECTORY 'subdir_fd' and then statx() the opened directory via that new fd (if requested)
+                 * 2) Otherwise, if RECURSE_DIR_INODE_FD is set we'll open it as O_PATH 'inode_fd' and then statx() the opened inode via that new fd (if requested)
+                 * 3) Otherwise, we'll statx() the directory entry via the directory fd we are currently looking at (if requested)
+                 */
+
+                if (path) {
+                        joined = path_join(path, de->entries[i]->d_name);
+                        if (!joined)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        p = joined;
+                } else
+                        p = de->entries[i]->d_name;
+
+                if (IN_SET(de->entries[i]->d_type, DT_UNKNOWN, DT_DIR)) {
+                        subdir_fd = openat(dir_fd, de->entries[i]->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC);
+                        if (subdir_fd < 0) {
+                                if (errno == ENOENT) /* Vanished by now, go for next file immediately */
+                                        continue;
+
+                                /* If it is a subdir but we failed to open it, then fail */
+                                if (!IN_SET(errno, ENOTDIR, ELOOP)) {
+                                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory '%s': %m", p);
+
+                                        assert(errno <= RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_MAX - RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_BASE);
+
+                                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_BASE + errno,
+                                                 p,
+                                                 dir_fd,
+                                                 -1,
+                                                 de->entries[i],
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 userdata);
+                                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                /* If it's not a subdir, then let's handle it like a regular inode below */
+
+                        } else {
+                                /* If we managed to get a DIR* off the inode, it's definitely a directory. */
+                                de->entries[i]->d_type = DT_DIR;
+
+                                if (statx_mask != 0 || (flags & RECURSE_DIR_SAME_MOUNT)) {
+                                        r = statx_fallback(subdir_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, statx_mask, &sx);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        sx_valid = true;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (subdir_fd < 0) {
+                        /* It's not a subdirectory. */
+
+                        if (flags & RECURSE_DIR_INODE_FD) {
+
+                                inode_fd = openat(dir_fd, de->entries[i]->d_name, O_PATH|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC);
+                                if (inode_fd < 0) {
+                                        if (errno == ENOENT) /* Vanished by now, go for next file immediately */
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory entry '%s': %m", p);
+
+                                        assert(errno <= RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_MAX - RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_BASE);
+
+                                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_BASE + errno,
+                                                 p,
+                                                 dir_fd,
+                                                 -1,
+                                                 de->entries[i],
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 userdata);
+                                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                /* If we open the inode, then verify it's actually a non-directory, like we
+                                 * assume. Let's guarantee that we never pass statx data of a directory where
+                                 * caller expects a non-directory */
+
+                                r = statx_fallback(inode_fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, statx_mask | STATX_TYPE, &sx);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                assert(sx.stx_mask & STATX_TYPE);
+                                sx_valid = true;
+
+                                if (S_ISDIR(sx.stx_mode)) {
+                                        /* What? It's a directory now? Then someone must have quickly
+                                         * replaced it. Let's handle that gracefully: convert it to a
+                                         * directory fd — which should be riskless now that we pinned the
+                                         * inode. */
+
+                                        subdir_fd = fd_reopen(inode_fd, O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                                        if (subdir_fd < 0)
+                                                return subdir_fd;
+
+                                        inode_fd = safe_close(inode_fd);
+                                }
+
+                        } else if (statx_mask != 0 || (de->entries[i]->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN && (flags & RECURSE_DIR_ENSURE_TYPE))) {
+
+                                r = statx_fallback(dir_fd, de->entries[i]->d_name, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW, statx_mask | STATX_TYPE, &sx);
+                                if (r == -ENOENT) /* Vanished by now? Go for next file immediately */
+                                        continue;
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to stat directory entry '%s': %m", p);
+
+                                        assert(errno <= RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_MAX - RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_BASE);
+
+                                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_BASE + -r,
+                                                 p,
+                                                 dir_fd,
+                                                 -1,
+                                                 de->entries[i],
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 userdata);
+                                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                assert(sx.stx_mask & STATX_TYPE);
+                                sx_valid = true;
+
+                                if (S_ISDIR(sx.stx_mode)) {
+                                        /* So it suddenly is a directory, but we couldn't open it as such
+                                         * earlier?  That is weird, and probably means somebody is racing
+                                         * against us. We could of course retry and open it as a directory
+                                         * again, but the chance to win here is limited. Hence, let's
+                                         * propagate this as EISDIR error instead. That way we make this
+                                         * something that can be reasonably handled, even though we give the
+                                         * guarantee that RECURSE_DIR_ENTRY is strictly issued for
+                                         * non-directory dirents. */
+
+                                        log_debug_errno(r, "Non-directory entry '%s' suddenly became a directory: %m", p);
+
+                                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_BASE + EISDIR,
+                                                 p,
+                                                 dir_fd,
+                                                 -1,
+                                                 de->entries[i],
+                                                 NULL,
+                                                 userdata);
+                                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (sx_valid) {
+                        /* Copy over the data we acquired through statx() if we acquired any */
+                        if (sx.stx_mask & STATX_TYPE) {
+                                assert((subdir_fd < 0) == !S_ISDIR(sx.stx_mode));
+                                de->entries[i]->d_type = IFTODT(sx.stx_mode);
+                        }
+
+                        if (sx.stx_mask & STATX_INO)
+                                de->entries[i]->d_ino = sx.stx_ino;
+                }
+
+                if (subdir_fd >= 0) {
+                        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, RECURSE_DIR_SAME_MOUNT)) {
+                                bool is_mount;
+
+                                if (sx_valid && FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_attributes_mask, STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT))
+                                        is_mount = FLAGS_SET(sx.stx_attributes, STATX_ATTR_MOUNT_ROOT);
+                                else {
+                                        r = fd_is_mount_point(dir_fd, de->entries[i]->d_name, 0);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine whether %s is a submount, assuming not: %m", p);
+
+                                        is_mount = r > 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (is_mount) {
+                                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_MOUNT,
+                                                 p,
+                                                 dir_fd,
+                                                 subdir_fd,
+                                                 de->entries[i],
+                                                 statx_mask != 0 ? &sx : NULL, /* only pass sx if user asked for it */
+                                                 userdata);
+                                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (n_depth_max <= 1) {
+                                /* When we reached max depth, generate a special event */
+
+                                r = func(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_DEPTH,
+                                         p,
+                                         dir_fd,
+                                         subdir_fd,
+                                         de->entries[i],
+                                         statx_mask != 0 ? &sx : NULL, /* only pass sx if user asked for it */
+                                         userdata);
+                                if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                        break;
+                                if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY))
+                                        return r;
+
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_ENTER,
+                                 p,
+                                 dir_fd,
+                                 subdir_fd,
+                                 de->entries[i],
+                                 statx_mask != 0 ? &sx : NULL, /* only pass sx if user asked for it */
+                                 userdata);
+                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                                break;
+                        if (r == RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY)
+                                continue;
+                        if (r != RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = recurse_dir(subdir_fd,
+                                        p,
+                                        statx_mask,
+                                        n_depth_max - 1,
+                                        flags,
+                                        func,
+                                        userdata);
+                        if (r != 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE,
+                                 p,
+                                 dir_fd,
+                                 subdir_fd,
+                                 de->entries[i],
+                                 statx_mask != 0 ? &sx : NULL, /* only pass sx if user asked for it */
+                                 userdata);
+                } else
+                        /* Non-directory inode */
+                        r = func(RECURSE_DIR_ENTRY,
+                                 p,
+                                 dir_fd,
+                                 inode_fd,
+                                 de->entries[i],
+                                 statx_mask != 0 ? &sx : NULL, /* only pass sx if user asked for it */
+                                 userdata);
+
+
+                if (r == RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY)
+                        break;
+                if (!IN_SET(r, RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY, RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE))
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int recurse_dir_at(
+                int atfd,
+                const char *path,
+                unsigned statx_mask,
+                unsigned n_depth_max,
+                RecurseDirFlags flags,
+                recurse_dir_func_t func,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(atfd >= 0 || atfd == AT_FDCWD);
+        assert(func);
+
+        fd = openat(atfd, path ?: ".", O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return recurse_dir(fd, path, statx_mask, n_depth_max, flags, func, userdata);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/recurse-dir.h b/src/basic/recurse-dir.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..779c91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/recurse-dir.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum RecurseDirEvent {
+        RECURSE_DIR_ENTER,      /* only for dir inodes */
+        RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE,      /* only for dir inodes */
+        RECURSE_DIR_ENTRY,      /* only for non-dir inodes */
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_MOUNT, /* only for dir inodes: when we don't descent into submounts */
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_DEPTH, /* only for dir inodes: when we reached the max depth */
+
+        /* If we hit an error opening/stating an entry, then we'll fire a
+         * 'RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_{OPEN_DIR|OPEN_INODE|STAT_INODE}_ERROR_BASE + errno' event. In this case 'de'
+         * will be valid, but the statx data NULL and the inode fd -1. */
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_BASE,
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_MAX = RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_DIR_ERROR_BASE + ERRNO_MAX,
+
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_BASE,
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_MAX = RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_OPEN_INODE_ERROR_BASE + ERRNO_MAX,
+
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_BASE,
+        RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_MAX = RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_STAT_INODE_ERROR_BASE + ERRNO_MAX,
+
+        _RECURSE_DIR_EVENT_MAX,
+        _RECURSE_DIR_EVENT_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} RecurseDirEvent;
+
+#define RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE 0
+#define RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY INT_MIN
+#define RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY (INT_MIN+1)
+
+/* Make sure that the negative errno range and these two special returns don't overlap */
+assert_cc(RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY < -ERRNO_MAX);
+assert_cc(RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY < -ERRNO_MAX);
+
+/* Prototype for the callback function that is called whenever we enter or leave a dir inode, or find another dir entry. Return values are:
+ *
+ * RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE (i.e. 0) → continue with next entry
+ * RECURSE_DIR_LEAVE_DIRECTORY   → leave current directory immediately, don't process further siblings
+ * RECURSE_DIR_SKIP_ENTRY        → skip this entry otherwise (only makes sense on RECURSE_DIR_ENTER)
+ * others                        → terminate iteration entirely, return the specified value (idea is that
+ *                                 < 0 indicates errors and > 0 indicates various forms of success)
+ */
+typedef int (*recurse_dir_func_t)(
+                RecurseDirEvent event,
+                const char *path,        /* Full non-normalized path, i.e. the path specified during recurise_dir() with what we found appended */
+                int dir_fd,              /* fd of the current dir */
+                int inode_fd,            /* fd of the current entry in the current dir (O_DIRECTORY if directory, and O_PATH otherwise, but only if RECURSE_DIR_INODE_FD was set) */
+                const struct dirent *de, /* directory entry (always valid) */
+                const struct statx *sx,  /* statx data (only if statx_mask was non-zero) */
+                void *userdata);
+
+typedef enum RecurseDirFlags {
+        /* Interpreted by readdir_all() */
+        RECURSE_DIR_SORT         = 1 << 0,  /* sort file directory entries before processing them */
+        RECURSE_DIR_IGNORE_DOT   = 1 << 1,  /* ignore all dot files ("." and ".." are always ignored) */
+
+        /* Interpreted by recurse_dir() */
+        RECURSE_DIR_ENSURE_TYPE  = 1 << 2,  /* guarantees that 'd_type' field of 'de' is not DT_UNKNOWN */
+        RECURSE_DIR_SAME_MOUNT   = 1 << 3,  /* skips over subdirectories that are submounts */
+        RECURSE_DIR_INODE_FD     = 1 << 4,  /* passes an opened inode fd (O_DIRECTORY fd in case of dirs, O_PATH otherwise) */
+} RecurseDirFlags;
+
+typedef struct DirectoryEntries {
+        size_t n_entries;
+        struct dirent** entries;
+        size_t buffer_size;
+        struct dirent buffer[];
+} DirectoryEntries;
+
+int readdir_all(int dir_fd, RecurseDirFlags flags, DirectoryEntries **ret);
+
+int recurse_dir(int dir_fd, const char *path, unsigned statx_mask, unsigned n_depth_max, RecurseDirFlags flags, recurse_dir_func_t func, void *userdata);
+int recurse_dir_at(int atfd, const char *path, unsigned statx_mask, unsigned n_depth_max, RecurseDirFlags flags, recurse_dir_func_t func, void *userdata);
diff --git a/src/basic/replace-var.c b/src/basic/replace-var.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c26ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/replace-var.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "replace-var.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+/*
+ * Generic infrastructure for replacing @FOO@ style variables in
+ * strings. Will call a callback for each replacement.
+ */
+
+static int get_variable(const char *b, char **r) {
+        size_t k;
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(b);
+        assert(r);
+
+        if (*b != '@')
+                return 0;
+
+        k = strspn(b + 1, UPPERCASE_LETTERS "_");
+        if (k <= 0 || b[k+1] != '@')
+                return 0;
+
+        t = strndup(b + 1, k);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *r = t;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+char *replace_var(const char *text, char *(*lookup)(const char *variable, void *userdata), void *userdata) {
+        char *r, *t;
+        const char *f;
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(text);
+        assert(lookup);
+
+        l = strlen(text);
+        r = new(char, l+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        f = text;
+        t = r;
+        while (*f) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL, *n = NULL;
+                char *a;
+                int k;
+                size_t skip, d, nl;
+
+                k = get_variable(f, &v);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        goto oom;
+                if (k == 0) {
+                        *(t++) = *(f++);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                n = lookup(v, userdata);
+                if (!n)
+                        goto oom;
+
+                skip = strlen(v) + 2;
+
+                d = t - r;
+                nl = l - skip + strlen(n);
+                a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
+                if (!a)
+                        goto oom;
+
+                l = nl;
+                r = a;
+                t = r + d;
+
+                t = stpcpy(t, n);
+                f += skip;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+        return r;
+
+oom:
+        return mfree(r);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/replace-var.h b/src/basic/replace-var.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..644d9df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/replace-var.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+char *replace_var(const char *text, char *(*lookup)(const char *variable, void *userdata), void *userdata);
diff --git a/src/basic/rlimit-util.c b/src/basic/rlimit-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e150976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/rlimit-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_resource.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
+        struct rlimit highest, fixed;
+
+        assert(rlim);
+
+        if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (errno != EPERM)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
+         * to get as close as we can */
+        if (getrlimit(resource, &highest) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* If the hard limit is unbounded anyway, then the EPERM had other reasons, let's propagate the original EPERM
+         * then */
+        if (highest.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        fixed = (struct rlimit) {
+                .rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max),
+                .rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max),
+        };
+
+        /* Shortcut things if we wouldn't change anything. */
+        if (fixed.rlim_cur == highest.rlim_cur &&
+            fixed.rlim_max == highest.rlim_max)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_debug("Failed at setting rlimit " RLIM_FMT " for resource RLIMIT_%s. Will attempt setting value " RLIM_FMT " instead.", rlim->rlim_max, rlimit_to_string(resource), fixed.rlim_max);
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(setrlimit(resource, &fixed));
+}
+
+int setrlimit_closest_all(const struct rlimit *const *rlim, int *which_failed) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rlim);
+
+        /* On failure returns the limit's index that failed in *which_failed, but only if non-NULL */
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < _RLIMIT_MAX; i++) {
+                if (!rlim[i])
+                        continue;
+
+                r = setrlimit_closest(i, rlim[i]);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (which_failed)
+                                *which_failed = i;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (which_failed)
+                *which_failed = -1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int rlimit_parse_u64(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (streq(val, "infinity")) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* setrlimit(2) suggests rlim_t is always 64bit on Linux. */
+        assert_cc(sizeof(rlim_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+        r = safe_atou64(val, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (u >= (uint64_t) RLIM_INFINITY)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (rlim_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int rlimit_parse_size(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (streq(val, "infinity")) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_size(val, 1024, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (u >= (uint64_t) RLIM_INFINITY)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (rlim_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int rlimit_parse_sec(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t u;
+        usec_t t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (streq(val, "infinity")) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_sec(val, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (t == USEC_INFINITY) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        u = (uint64_t) DIV_ROUND_UP(t, USEC_PER_SEC);
+        if (u >= (uint64_t) RLIM_INFINITY)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (rlim_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int rlimit_parse_usec(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        usec_t t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (streq(val, "infinity")) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_time(val, &t, 1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (t == USEC_INFINITY) {
+                *ret = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *ret = (rlim_t) t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int rlimit_parse_nice(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        uint64_t rl;
+        int r;
+
+        /* So, Linux is weird. The range for RLIMIT_NICE is 40..1, mapping to the nice levels -20..19. However, the
+         * RLIMIT_NICE limit defaults to 0 by the kernel, i.e. a value that maps to nice level 20, which of course is
+         * bogus and does not exist. In order to permit parsing the RLIMIT_NICE of 0 here we hence implement a slight
+         * asymmetry: when parsing as positive nice level we permit 0..19. When parsing as negative nice level, we
+         * permit -20..0. But when parsing as raw resource limit value then we also allow the special value 0.
+         *
+         * Yeah, Linux is quality engineering sometimes... */
+
+        if (val[0] == '+') {
+
+                /* Prefixed with "+": Parse as positive user-friendly nice value */
+                r = safe_atou64(val + 1, &rl);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (rl >= PRIO_MAX)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                rl = 20 - rl;
+
+        } else if (val[0] == '-') {
+
+                /* Prefixed with "-": Parse as negative user-friendly nice value */
+                r = safe_atou64(val + 1, &rl);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (rl > (uint64_t) (-PRIO_MIN))
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                rl = 20 + rl;
+        } else {
+
+                /* Not prefixed: parse as raw resource limit value */
+                r = safe_atou64(val, &rl);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (rl > (uint64_t) (20 - PRIO_MIN))
+                        return -ERANGE;
+        }
+
+        *ret = (rlim_t) rl;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int (*const rlimit_parse_table[_RLIMIT_MAX])(const char *val, rlim_t *ret) = {
+        [RLIMIT_CPU] = rlimit_parse_sec,
+        [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_DATA] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_STACK] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_CORE] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_RSS] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rlimit_parse_u64,
+        [RLIMIT_AS] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_NPROC] = rlimit_parse_u64,
+        [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = rlimit_parse_u64,
+        [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = rlimit_parse_u64,
+        [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = rlimit_parse_size,
+        [RLIMIT_NICE] = rlimit_parse_nice,
+        [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = rlimit_parse_u64,
+        [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = rlimit_parse_usec,
+};
+
+int rlimit_parse_one(int resource, const char *val, rlim_t *ret) {
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (resource < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (resource >= _RLIMIT_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return rlimit_parse_table[resource](val, ret);
+}
+
+int rlimit_parse(int resource, const char *val, struct rlimit *ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hard = NULL, *soft = NULL;
+        rlim_t hl, sl;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(val);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&val, &soft, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = rlimit_parse_one(resource, soft, &sl);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&val, &hard, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!isempty(val))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (r == 0)
+                hl = sl;
+        else {
+                r = rlimit_parse_one(resource, hard, &hl);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (sl > hl)
+                        return -EILSEQ;
+        }
+
+        *ret = (struct rlimit) {
+                .rlim_cur = sl,
+                .rlim_max = hl,
+        };
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int rlimit_format(const struct rlimit *rl, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(rl);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (rl->rlim_cur >= RLIM_INFINITY && rl->rlim_max >= RLIM_INFINITY)
+                r = free_and_strdup(&s, "infinity");
+        else if (rl->rlim_cur >= RLIM_INFINITY)
+                r = asprintf(&s, "infinity:" RLIM_FMT, rl->rlim_max);
+        else if (rl->rlim_max >= RLIM_INFINITY)
+                r = asprintf(&s, RLIM_FMT ":infinity", rl->rlim_cur);
+        else if (rl->rlim_cur == rl->rlim_max)
+                r = asprintf(&s, RLIM_FMT, rl->rlim_cur);
+        else
+                r = asprintf(&s, RLIM_FMT ":" RLIM_FMT, rl->rlim_cur, rl->rlim_max);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
+        [RLIMIT_AS]         = "AS",
+        [RLIMIT_CORE]       = "CORE",
+        [RLIMIT_CPU]        = "CPU",
+        [RLIMIT_DATA]       = "DATA",
+        [RLIMIT_FSIZE]      = "FSIZE",
+        [RLIMIT_LOCKS]      = "LOCKS",
+        [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]    = "MEMLOCK",
+        [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]   = "MSGQUEUE",
+        [RLIMIT_NICE]       = "NICE",
+        [RLIMIT_NOFILE]     = "NOFILE",
+        [RLIMIT_NPROC]      = "NPROC",
+        [RLIMIT_RSS]        = "RSS",
+        [RLIMIT_RTPRIO]     = "RTPRIO",
+        [RLIMIT_RTTIME]     = "RTTIME",
+        [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "SIGPENDING",
+        [RLIMIT_STACK]      = "STACK",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
+
+int rlimit_from_string_harder(const char *s) {
+        const char *suffix;
+
+        /* The official prefix */
+        suffix = startswith(s, "RLIMIT_");
+        if (suffix)
+                return rlimit_from_string(suffix);
+
+        /* Our own unit file setting prefix */
+        suffix = startswith(s, "Limit");
+        if (suffix)
+                return rlimit_from_string(suffix);
+
+        return rlimit_from_string(s);
+}
+
+void rlimit_free_all(struct rlimit **rl) {
+        int i;
+
+        if (!rl)
+                return;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < _RLIMIT_MAX; i++)
+                rl[i] = mfree(rl[i]);
+}
+
+int rlimit_nofile_bump(int limit) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Bumps the (soft) RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit as close as possible to the specified limit. If a negative
+         * limit is specified, bumps it to the maximum the kernel and the hard resource limit allows. This call should
+         * be used by all our programs that might need a lot of fds, and that know how to deal with high fd numbers
+         * (i.e. do not use select() — which chokes on fds >= 1024) */
+
+        if (limit < 0)
+                limit = read_nr_open();
+
+        if (limit < 3)
+                limit = 3;
+
+        r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(limit));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to set RLIMIT_NOFILE: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int rlimit_nofile_safe(void) {
+        struct rlimit rl;
+
+        /* Resets RLIMIT_NOFILE's soft limit FD_SETSIZE (i.e. 1024), for compatibility with software still using
+         * select() */
+
+        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to query RLIMIT_NOFILE: %m");
+
+        if (rl.rlim_cur <= FD_SETSIZE)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* So we might have inherited a hard limit that's larger than the kernel's maximum limit as stored in
+         * /proc/sys/fs/nr_open. If we pass this hard limit unmodified to setrlimit(), we'll get EPERM. To
+         * make sure that doesn't happen, let's limit our hard limit to the value from nr_open. */
+        rl.rlim_max = MIN(rl.rlim_max, (rlim_t) read_nr_open());
+        rl.rlim_cur = MIN((rlim_t) FD_SETSIZE, rl.rlim_max);
+        if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to lower RLIMIT_NOFILE's soft limit to " RLIM_FMT ": %m", rl.rlim_cur);
+
+        return 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/rlimit-util.h b/src/basic/rlimit-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59bc066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/rlimit-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+int rlimit_from_string_harder(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);
+int setrlimit_closest_all(const struct rlimit * const *rlim, int *which_failed);
+
+int rlimit_parse_one(int resource, const char *val, rlim_t *ret);
+int rlimit_parse(int resource, const char *val, struct rlimit *ret);
+
+int rlimit_format(const struct rlimit *rl, char **ret);
+
+void rlimit_free_all(struct rlimit **rl);
+
+#define RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(lim) ((struct rlimit) { lim, lim })
+
+int rlimit_nofile_bump(int limit);
+int rlimit_nofile_safe(void);
diff --git a/src/basic/set.h b/src/basic/set.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..618e729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/set.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#define set_free_and_replace(a, b)              \
+        free_and_replace_full(a, b, set_free)
+
+Set* _set_new(const struct hash_ops *hash_ops HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_new(ops) _set_new(ops HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+static inline Set* set_free(Set *s) {
+        return (Set*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(s), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline Set* set_free_free(Set *s) {
+        return (Set*) _hashmap_free(HASHMAP_BASE(s), free, NULL);
+}
+
+/* no set_free_free_free */
+
+#define set_copy(s) ((Set*) _hashmap_copy(HASHMAP_BASE(s)  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS))
+
+int _set_ensure_allocated(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_ensure_allocated(h, ops) _set_ensure_allocated(h, ops HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int set_put(Set *s, const void *key);
+/* no set_update */
+/* no set_replace */
+static inline void *set_get(const Set *s, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_get(HASHMAP_BASE((Set *) s), key);
+}
+/* no set_get2 */
+
+static inline bool set_contains(const Set *s, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_contains(HASHMAP_BASE((Set *) s), key);
+}
+
+static inline void *set_remove(Set *s, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_remove(HASHMAP_BASE(s), key);
+}
+
+/* no set_remove2 */
+/* no set_remove_value */
+int set_remove_and_put(Set *s, const void *old_key, const void *new_key);
+/* no set_remove_and_replace */
+int set_merge(Set *s, Set *other);
+
+static inline int set_reserve(Set *h, unsigned entries_add) {
+        return _hashmap_reserve(HASHMAP_BASE(h), entries_add);
+}
+
+static inline int set_move(Set *s, Set *other) {
+        return _hashmap_move(HASHMAP_BASE(s), HASHMAP_BASE(other));
+}
+
+static inline int set_move_one(Set *s, Set *other, const void *key) {
+        return _hashmap_move_one(HASHMAP_BASE(s), HASHMAP_BASE(other), key);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned set_size(const Set *s) {
+        return _hashmap_size(HASHMAP_BASE((Set *) s));
+}
+
+static inline bool set_isempty(const Set *s) {
+        return set_size(s) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned set_buckets(const Set *s) {
+        return _hashmap_buckets(HASHMAP_BASE((Set *) s));
+}
+
+static inline bool set_iterate(const Set *s, Iterator *i, void **value) {
+        return _hashmap_iterate(HASHMAP_BASE((Set*) s), i, value, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void set_clear(Set *s) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(s), NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void set_clear_free(Set *s) {
+        _hashmap_clear(HASHMAP_BASE(s), free, NULL);
+}
+
+/* no set_clear_free_free */
+
+static inline void *set_steal_first(Set *s) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE(s), true, NULL);
+}
+
+#define set_clear_with_destructor(s, f)                 \
+        ({                                              \
+                Set *_s = (s);                          \
+                void *_item;                            \
+                while ((_item = set_steal_first(_s)))   \
+                        f(_item);                       \
+                _s;                                     \
+        })
+#define set_free_with_destructor(s, f)                  \
+        set_free(set_clear_with_destructor(s, f))
+
+/* no set_steal_first_key */
+/* no set_first_key */
+
+static inline void *set_first(const Set *s) {
+        return _hashmap_first_key_and_value(HASHMAP_BASE((Set *) s), false, NULL);
+}
+
+/* no set_next */
+
+static inline char **set_get_strv(Set *s) {
+        return _hashmap_get_strv(HASHMAP_BASE(s));
+}
+
+int _set_ensure_put(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const void *key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_ensure_put(s, hash_ops, key) _set_ensure_put(s, hash_ops, key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int _set_ensure_consume(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, void *key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_ensure_consume(s, hash_ops, key) _set_ensure_consume(s, hash_ops, key  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+
+int set_consume(Set *s, void *value);
+
+int _set_put_strndup_full(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, const char *p, size_t n  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_put_strndup_full(s, hash_ops, p, n) _set_put_strndup_full(s, hash_ops, p, n  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define set_put_strdup_full(s, hash_ops, p) set_put_strndup_full(s, hash_ops, p, SIZE_MAX)
+#define set_put_strndup(s, p, n) set_put_strndup_full(s, &string_hash_ops_free, p, n)
+#define set_put_strdup(s, p) set_put_strndup(s, p, SIZE_MAX)
+
+int _set_put_strdupv_full(Set **s, const struct hash_ops *hash_ops, char **l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define set_put_strdupv_full(s, hash_ops, l) _set_put_strdupv_full(s, hash_ops, l  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define set_put_strdupv(s, l) set_put_strdupv_full(s, &string_hash_ops_free, l)
+
+int set_put_strsplit(Set *s, const char *v, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags);
+
+#define _SET_FOREACH(e, s, i) \
+        for (Iterator i = ITERATOR_FIRST; set_iterate((s), &i, (void**)&(e)); )
+#define SET_FOREACH(e, s) \
+        _SET_FOREACH(e, s, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define SET_FOREACH_MOVE(e, d, s)                                       \
+        for (; ({ e = set_first(s); assert_se(!e || set_move_one(d, s, e) >= 0); e; }); )
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Set*, set_free);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Set*, set_free_free);
+
+#define _cleanup_set_free_ _cleanup_(set_freep)
+#define _cleanup_set_free_free_ _cleanup_(set_free_freep)
+
+int set_strjoin(Set *s, const char *separator, bool wrap_with_separator, char **ret);
+
+bool set_equal(Set *a, Set *b);
+
+bool set_fnmatch(Set *include_patterns, Set *exclude_patterns, const char *needle);
diff --git a/src/basic/sigbus.c b/src/basic/sigbus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33e2045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sigbus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "sigbus.h"
+
+#define SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX 64
+
+static struct sigaction old_sigaction;
+static unsigned n_installed = 0;
+
+/* We maintain a fixed size list of page addresses that triggered a
+   SIGBUS. We access with list with atomic operations, so that we
+   don't have to deal with locks between signal handler and main
+   programs in possibly multiple threads. */
+
+static void* volatile sigbus_queue[SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX];
+static volatile sig_atomic_t n_sigbus_queue = 0;
+
+static void sigbus_push(void *addr) {
+        assert(addr);
+
+        /* Find a free place, increase the number of entries and leave, if we can */
+        for (size_t u = 0; u < SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX; u++) {
+                /* OK to initialize this here since we haven't started the atomic ops yet */
+                void *tmp = NULL;
+                if (__atomic_compare_exchange_n(&sigbus_queue[u], &tmp, addr, false,
+                                                __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) {
+                        __atomic_fetch_add(&n_sigbus_queue, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+                        return;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* If we can't, make sure the queue size is out of bounds, to
+         * mark it as overflowed */
+        for (;;) {
+                sig_atomic_t c;
+
+                __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+                c = n_sigbus_queue;
+
+                if (c > SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX) /* already overflowed */
+                        return;
+
+                /* OK if we clobber c here, since we either immediately return
+                 * or it will be immediately reinitialized on next loop */
+                if (__atomic_compare_exchange_n(&n_sigbus_queue, &c, c + SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX, false,
+                                                __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST))
+                        return;
+        }
+}
+
+int sigbus_pop(void **ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                unsigned u, c;
+
+                __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+                c = n_sigbus_queue;
+
+                if (_likely_(c == 0))
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (_unlikely_(c > SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX))
+                        return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+                for (u = 0; u < SIGBUS_QUEUE_MAX; u++) {
+                        void *addr;
+
+                        addr = sigbus_queue[u];
+                        if (!addr)
+                                continue;
+
+                        /* OK if we clobber addr here, since we either immediately return
+                         * or it will be immediately reinitialized on next loop */
+                        if (__atomic_compare_exchange_n(&sigbus_queue[u], &addr, NULL, false,
+                                                        __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)) {
+                                __atomic_fetch_sub(&n_sigbus_queue, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
+                                /* If we successfully entered this if condition, addr won't
+                                 * have been modified since its assignment, so safe to use it */
+                                *ret = addr;
+                                return 1;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static void sigbus_handler(int sn, siginfo_t *si, void *data) {
+        unsigned long ul;
+        void *aligned;
+
+        assert(sn == SIGBUS);
+        assert(si);
+
+        if (si->si_code != BUS_ADRERR || !si->si_addr) {
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGBUS, &old_sigaction, NULL) == 0);
+                rt_sigqueueinfo(getpid_cached(), SIGBUS, si);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        ul = (unsigned long) si->si_addr;
+        ul = ul / page_size();
+        ul = ul * page_size();
+        aligned = (void*) ul;
+
+        /* Let's remember which address failed */
+        sigbus_push(aligned);
+
+        /* Replace mapping with an anonymous page, so that the
+         * execution can continue, however with a zeroed out page */
+        assert_se(mmap(aligned, page_size(), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_FIXED, -1, 0) == aligned);
+}
+
+void sigbus_install(void) {
+        struct sigaction sa = {
+                .sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler,
+                .sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO,
+        };
+
+        /* make sure that sysconf() is not called from a signal handler because
+        * it is not guaranteed to be async-signal-safe since POSIX.1-2008 */
+        (void) page_size();
+
+        n_installed++;
+
+        if (n_installed == 1)
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGBUS, &sa, &old_sigaction) == 0);
+
+        return;
+}
+
+void sigbus_reset(void) {
+
+        if (n_installed <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        n_installed--;
+
+        if (n_installed == 0)
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGBUS, &old_sigaction, NULL) == 0);
+
+        return;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/sigbus.h b/src/basic/sigbus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a40b1a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sigbus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+void sigbus_install(void);
+void sigbus_reset(void);
+
+int sigbus_pop(void **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/signal-util.c b/src/basic/signal-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdbe7f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/signal-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
+        static const struct sigaction sa = {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
+                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+        };
+        int r = 0;
+
+        for (int sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
+
+                /* These two cannot be caught... */
+                if (IN_SET(sig, SIGKILL, SIGSTOP))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
+                 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
+                if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
+                        if (errno != EINVAL && r >= 0)
+                                r = -errno;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int reset_signal_mask(void) {
+        sigset_t ss;
+
+        if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL));
+}
+
+int sigaction_many_internal(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
+        int sig, r = 0;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        va_start(ap, sa);
+
+        /* negative signal ends the list. 0 signal is skipped. */
+        while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) >= 0) {
+
+                if (sig == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0) {
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int sigset_add_many_ap(sigset_t *ss, va_list ap) {
+        int sig, r = 0;
+
+        assert(ss);
+
+        while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) >= 0) {
+
+                if (sig == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sigaddset(ss, sig) < 0) {
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, ss);
+        r = sigset_add_many_ap(ss, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sigprocmask_many(int how, sigset_t *old, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        sigset_t ss;
+        int r;
+
+        if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        va_start(ap, old);
+        r = sigset_add_many_ap(&ss, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, old) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *const static_signal_table[] = {
+        [SIGHUP] = "HUP",
+        [SIGINT] = "INT",
+        [SIGQUIT] = "QUIT",
+        [SIGILL] = "ILL",
+        [SIGTRAP] = "TRAP",
+        [SIGABRT] = "ABRT",
+        [SIGBUS] = "BUS",
+        [SIGFPE] = "FPE",
+        [SIGKILL] = "KILL",
+        [SIGUSR1] = "USR1",
+        [SIGSEGV] = "SEGV",
+        [SIGUSR2] = "USR2",
+        [SIGPIPE] = "PIPE",
+        [SIGALRM] = "ALRM",
+        [SIGTERM] = "TERM",
+#ifdef SIGSTKFLT
+        [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT",  /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
+#endif
+        [SIGCHLD] = "CHLD",
+        [SIGCONT] = "CONT",
+        [SIGSTOP] = "STOP",
+        [SIGTSTP] = "TSTP",
+        [SIGTTIN] = "TTIN",
+        [SIGTTOU] = "TTOU",
+        [SIGURG] = "URG",
+        [SIGXCPU] = "XCPU",
+        [SIGXFSZ] = "XFSZ",
+        [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
+        [SIGPROF] = "PROF",
+        [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
+        [SIGIO] = "IO",
+        [SIGPWR] = "PWR",
+        [SIGSYS] = "SYS"
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(static_signal, int);
+
+const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
+        static thread_local char buf[STRLEN("RTMIN+") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+        const char *name;
+
+        name = static_signal_to_string(signo);
+        if (name)
+                return name;
+
+        if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
+                xsprintf(buf, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
+        else
+                xsprintf(buf, "%d", signo);
+
+        return buf;
+}
+
+int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
+        const char *p;
+        int signo, r;
+
+        /* Check that the input is a signal number. */
+        if (safe_atoi(s, &signo) >= 0) {
+                if (SIGNAL_VALID(signo))
+                        return signo;
+                else
+                        return -ERANGE;
+        }
+
+        /* Drop "SIG" prefix. */
+        if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
+                s += 3;
+
+        /* Check that the input is a signal name. */
+        signo = static_signal_from_string(s);
+        if (signo > 0)
+                return signo;
+
+        /* Check that the input is RTMIN or
+         * RTMIN+n (0 <= n <= SIGRTMAX-SIGRTMIN). */
+        p = startswith(s, "RTMIN");
+        if (p) {
+                if (*p == '\0')
+                        return SIGRTMIN;
+                if (*p != '+')
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = safe_atoi(p, &signo);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (signo < 0 || signo > SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                return signo + SIGRTMIN;
+        }
+
+        /* Check that the input is RTMAX or
+         * RTMAX-n (0 <= n <= SIGRTMAX-SIGRTMIN). */
+        p = startswith(s, "RTMAX");
+        if (p) {
+                if (*p == '\0')
+                        return SIGRTMAX;
+                if (*p != '-')
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = safe_atoi(p, &signo);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (signo > 0 || signo < SIGRTMIN - SIGRTMAX)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                return signo + SIGRTMAX;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+void nop_signal_handler(int sig) {
+        /* nothing here */
+}
+
+int signal_is_blocked(int sig) {
+        sigset_t ss;
+        int r;
+
+        r = pthread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, NULL, &ss);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return -r;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(sigismember(&ss, sig));
+}
+
+int pop_pending_signal_internal(int sig, ...) {
+        sigset_t ss;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        if (sig < 0) /* Empty list? */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Add first signal (if the signal is zero, we'll silently skip it, to make it easier to build
+         * parameter lists where some element are sometimes off, similar to how sigset_add_many_ap() handles
+         * this.) */
+        if (sig > 0 && sigaddset(&ss, sig) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Add all other signals */
+        va_start(ap, sig);
+        r = sigset_add_many_ap(&ss, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sigtimedwait(&ss, NULL, &(struct timespec) { 0, 0 });
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (errno == EAGAIN)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return r; /* Returns the signal popped */
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/signal-util.h b/src/basic/signal-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36372c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/signal-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+int reset_all_signal_handlers(void);
+int reset_signal_mask(void);
+
+int sigaction_many_internal(const struct sigaction *sa, ...);
+
+#define ignore_signals(...)                                             \
+        sigaction_many_internal(                                        \
+                        &(const struct sigaction) {                     \
+                                .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,                  \
+                                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART                  \
+                        },                                              \
+                        __VA_ARGS__,                                    \
+                        -1)
+
+#define default_signals(...)                                            \
+        sigaction_many_internal(                                        \
+                        &(const struct sigaction) {                     \
+                                .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,                  \
+                                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART                  \
+                        },                                              \
+                        __VA_ARGS__,                                    \
+                        -1)
+
+#define sigaction_many(sa, ...)                                         \
+        sigaction_many_internal(sa, __VA_ARGS__, -1)
+
+int sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...);
+int sigprocmask_many(int how, sigset_t *old, ...);
+
+const char *signal_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int signal_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+void nop_signal_handler(int sig);
+
+static inline void block_signals_reset(sigset_t *ss) {
+        assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, ss, NULL) >= 0);
+}
+
+#define BLOCK_SIGNALS(...)                                                         \
+        _cleanup_(block_signals_reset) _unused_ sigset_t _saved_sigset = ({        \
+                sigset_t _t;                                                       \
+                assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK, &_t, __VA_ARGS__, -1) >= 0); \
+                _t;                                                                \
+        })
+
+static inline bool SIGNAL_VALID(int signo) {
+        return signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG;
+}
+
+static inline const char* signal_to_string_with_check(int n) {
+        if (!SIGNAL_VALID(n))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return signal_to_string(n);
+}
+
+int signal_is_blocked(int sig);
+
+int pop_pending_signal_internal(int sig, ...);
+#define pop_pending_signal(...) pop_pending_signal_internal(__VA_ARGS__, -1)
diff --git a/src/basic/siphash24.c b/src/basic/siphash24.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b614ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/siphash24.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 */
+
+/*
+   SipHash reference C implementation
+
+   Written in 2012 by
+   Jean-Philippe Aumasson <jeanphilippe.aumasson@gmail.com>
+   Daniel J. Bernstein <djb@cr.yp.to>
+
+   To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all copyright
+   and related and neighboring rights to this software to the public domain
+   worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along with
+   this software. If not, see <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
+
+   (Minimal changes made by Lennart Poettering, to make clean for inclusion in systemd)
+   (Refactored by Tom Gundersen to split up in several functions and follow systemd
+    coding style)
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "siphash24.h"
+#include "unaligned.h"
+
+static uint64_t rotate_left(uint64_t x, uint8_t b) {
+        assert(b < 64);
+
+        return (x << b) | (x >> (64 - b));
+}
+
+static void sipround(struct siphash *state) {
+        assert(state);
+
+        state->v0 += state->v1;
+        state->v1 = rotate_left(state->v1, 13);
+        state->v1 ^= state->v0;
+        state->v0 = rotate_left(state->v0, 32);
+        state->v2 += state->v3;
+        state->v3 = rotate_left(state->v3, 16);
+        state->v3 ^= state->v2;
+        state->v0 += state->v3;
+        state->v3 = rotate_left(state->v3, 21);
+        state->v3 ^= state->v0;
+        state->v2 += state->v1;
+        state->v1 = rotate_left(state->v1, 17);
+        state->v1 ^= state->v2;
+        state->v2 = rotate_left(state->v2, 32);
+}
+
+void siphash24_init(struct siphash *state, const uint8_t k[static 16]) {
+        uint64_t k0, k1;
+
+        assert(state);
+        assert(k);
+
+        k0 = unaligned_read_le64(k);
+        k1 = unaligned_read_le64(k + 8);
+
+        *state = (struct siphash) {
+                /* "somepseudorandomlygeneratedbytes" */
+                .v0 = 0x736f6d6570736575ULL ^ k0,
+                .v1 = 0x646f72616e646f6dULL ^ k1,
+                .v2 = 0x6c7967656e657261ULL ^ k0,
+                .v3 = 0x7465646279746573ULL ^ k1,
+                .padding = 0,
+                .inlen = 0,
+        };
+}
+
+void siphash24_compress(const void *_in, size_t inlen, struct siphash *state) {
+
+        const uint8_t *in = ASSERT_PTR(_in);
+        const uint8_t *end = in + inlen;
+        size_t left = state->inlen & 7;
+        uint64_t m;
+
+        assert(state);
+
+        /* Update total length */
+        state->inlen += inlen;
+
+        /* If padding exists, fill it out */
+        if (left > 0) {
+                for ( ; in < end && left < 8; in ++, left ++)
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) *in) << (left * 8);
+
+                if (in == end && left < 8)
+                        /* We did not have enough input to fill out the padding completely */
+                        return;
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_SIPHASH
+                printf("(%3zu) v0 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v0 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v0);
+                printf("(%3zu) v1 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v1 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v1);
+                printf("(%3zu) v2 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v2 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v2);
+                printf("(%3zu) v3 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v3 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v3);
+                printf("(%3zu) compress padding %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->padding >> 32), (uint32_t)state->padding);
+#endif
+
+                state->v3 ^= state->padding;
+                sipround(state);
+                sipround(state);
+                state->v0 ^= state->padding;
+
+                state->padding = 0;
+        }
+
+        end -= (state->inlen % sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+        for ( ; in < end; in += 8) {
+                m = unaligned_read_le64(in);
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_SIPHASH
+                printf("(%3zu) v0 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v0 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v0);
+                printf("(%3zu) v1 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v1 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v1);
+                printf("(%3zu) v2 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v2 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v2);
+                printf("(%3zu) v3 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v3 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v3);
+                printf("(%3zu) compress %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (m >> 32), (uint32_t) m);
+#endif
+                state->v3 ^= m;
+                sipround(state);
+                sipround(state);
+                state->v0 ^= m;
+        }
+
+        left = state->inlen & 7;
+        switch (left) {
+                case 7:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[6]) << 48;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 6:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[5]) << 40;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 5:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[4]) << 32;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 4:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[3]) << 24;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 3:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[2]) << 16;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 2:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[1]) <<  8;
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 1:
+                        state->padding |= ((uint64_t) in[0]);
+                        _fallthrough_;
+                case 0:
+                        break;
+        }
+}
+
+uint64_t siphash24_finalize(struct siphash *state) {
+        uint64_t b;
+
+        assert(state);
+
+        b = state->padding | (((uint64_t) state->inlen) << 56);
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_SIPHASH
+        printf("(%3zu) v0 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v0 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v0);
+        printf("(%3zu) v1 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v1 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v1);
+        printf("(%3zu) v2 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v2 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v2);
+        printf("(%3zu) v3 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v3 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v3);
+        printf("(%3zu) padding   %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->padding >> 32), (uint32_t) state->padding);
+#endif
+
+        state->v3 ^= b;
+        sipround(state);
+        sipround(state);
+        state->v0 ^= b;
+
+#if ENABLE_DEBUG_SIPHASH
+        printf("(%3zu) v0 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v0 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v0);
+        printf("(%3zu) v1 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v1 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v1);
+        printf("(%3zu) v2 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v2 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v2);
+        printf("(%3zu) v3 %08x %08x\n", state->inlen, (uint32_t) (state->v3 >> 32), (uint32_t) state->v3);
+#endif
+        state->v2 ^= 0xff;
+
+        sipround(state);
+        sipround(state);
+        sipround(state);
+        sipround(state);
+
+        return state->v0 ^ state->v1 ^ state->v2  ^ state->v3;
+}
+
+uint64_t siphash24(const void *in, size_t inlen, const uint8_t k[static 16]) {
+        struct siphash state;
+
+        assert(in);
+        assert(k);
+
+        siphash24_init(&state, k);
+        siphash24_compress(in, inlen, &state);
+
+        return siphash24_finalize(&state);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/siphash24.h b/src/basic/siphash24.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b3e845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/siphash24.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0 */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+struct siphash {
+        uint64_t v0;
+        uint64_t v1;
+        uint64_t v2;
+        uint64_t v3;
+        uint64_t padding;
+        size_t inlen;
+};
+
+void siphash24_init(struct siphash *state, const uint8_t k[static 16]);
+void siphash24_compress(const void *in, size_t inlen, struct siphash *state);
+#define siphash24_compress_byte(byte, state) siphash24_compress((const uint8_t[]) { (byte) }, 1, (state))
+
+static inline void siphash24_compress_boolean(bool in, struct siphash *state) {
+        uint8_t i = in;
+
+        siphash24_compress(&i, sizeof i, state);
+}
+
+static inline void siphash24_compress_usec_t(usec_t in, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress(&in, sizeof in, state);
+}
+
+static inline void siphash24_compress_safe(const void *in, size_t inlen, struct siphash *state) {
+        if (inlen == 0)
+                return;
+
+        siphash24_compress(in, inlen, state);
+}
+
+static inline void siphash24_compress_string(const char *in, struct siphash *state) {
+        siphash24_compress_safe(in, strlen_ptr(in), state);
+}
+
+uint64_t siphash24_finalize(struct siphash *state);
+
+uint64_t siphash24(const void *in, size_t inlen, const uint8_t k[static 16]);
+
+static inline uint64_t siphash24_string(const char *s, const uint8_t k[static 16]) {
+        return siphash24(s, strlen(s) + 1, k);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/socket-util.c b/src/basic/socket-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cefbbcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/socket-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1470 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <linux/if.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "sysctl-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+#if ENABLE_IDN
+#  define IDN_FLAGS NI_IDN
+#else
+#  define IDN_FLAGS 0
+#endif
+
+static const char* const socket_address_type_table[] = {
+        [SOCK_STREAM] =    "Stream",
+        [SOCK_DGRAM] =     "Datagram",
+        [SOCK_RAW] =       "Raw",
+        [SOCK_RDM] =       "ReliableDatagram",
+        [SOCK_SEQPACKET] = "SequentialPacket",
+        [SOCK_DCCP] =      "DatagramCongestionControl",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(socket_address_type, int);
+
+int socket_address_verify(const SocketAddress *a, bool strict) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        /* With 'strict' we enforce additional sanity constraints which are not set by the standard,
+         * but should only apply to sockets we create ourselves. */
+
+        switch (socket_address_family(a)) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                if (a->size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.in.sin_port == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(a->type, 0, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                if (a->size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.in6.sin6_port == 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(a->type, 0, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_UNIX:
+                if (a->size < offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                if (a->size > sizeof(struct sockaddr_un) + !strict)
+                        /* If !strict, allow one extra byte, since getsockname() on Linux will append
+                         * a NUL byte if we have path sockets that are above sun_path's full size. */
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (a->size > offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) &&
+                    a->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] != 0 &&
+                    strict) {
+                        /* Only validate file system sockets here, and only in strict mode */
+                        const char *e;
+
+                        e = memchr(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path, 0, sizeof(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path));
+                        if (e) {
+                                /* If there's an embedded NUL byte, make sure the size of the socket address matches it */
+                                if (a->size != offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + (e - a->sockaddr.un.sun_path) + 1)
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                        } else {
+                                /* If there's no embedded NUL byte, then the size needs to match the whole
+                                 * structure or the structure with one extra NUL byte suffixed. (Yeah, Linux is awful,
+                                 * and considers both equivalent: getsockname() even extends sockaddr_un beyond its
+                                 * size if the path is non NUL terminated.) */
+                                if (!IN_SET(a->size, sizeof(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path), sizeof(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path)+1))
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (!IN_SET(a->type, 0, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_NETLINK:
+
+                if (a->size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(a->type, 0, SOCK_RAW, SOCK_DGRAM))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_VSOCK:
+                if (a->size != sizeof(struct sockaddr_vm))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (!IN_SET(a->type, 0, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                return 0;
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int socket_address_print(const SocketAddress *a, char **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = socket_address_verify(a, false); /* We do non-strict validation, because we want to be
+                                              * able to pretty-print any socket the kernel considers
+                                              * valid. We still need to do validation to know if we
+                                              * can meaningfully print the address. */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (socket_address_family(a) == AF_NETLINK) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *sfamily = NULL;
+
+                r = netlink_family_to_string_alloc(a->protocol, &sfamily);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = asprintf(ret, "%s %u", sfamily, a->sockaddr.nl.nl_groups);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return sockaddr_pretty(&a->sockaddr.sa, a->size, false, true, ret);
+}
+
+bool socket_address_can_accept(const SocketAddress *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        return
+                IN_SET(a->type, SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET);
+}
+
+bool socket_address_equal(const SocketAddress *a, const SocketAddress *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        /* Invalid addresses are unequal to all */
+        if (socket_address_verify(a, false) < 0 ||
+            socket_address_verify(b, false) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (a->type != b->type)
+                return false;
+
+        if (socket_address_family(a) != socket_address_family(b))
+                return false;
+
+        switch (socket_address_family(a)) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                if (a->sockaddr.in.sin_addr.s_addr != b->sockaddr.in.sin_addr.s_addr)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.in.sin_port != b->sockaddr.in.sin_port)
+                        return false;
+
+                break;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                if (memcmp(&a->sockaddr.in6.sin6_addr, &b->sockaddr.in6.sin6_addr, sizeof(a->sockaddr.in6.sin6_addr)) != 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.in6.sin6_port != b->sockaddr.in6.sin6_port)
+                        return false;
+
+                break;
+
+        case AF_UNIX:
+                if (a->size <= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) ||
+                    b->size <= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path))
+                        return false;
+
+                if ((a->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] == 0) != (b->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] == 0))
+                        return false;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0]) {
+                        if (!path_equal_or_files_same(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path, b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, 0))
+                                return false;
+                } else {
+                        if (a->size != b->size)
+                                return false;
+
+                        if (memcmp(a->sockaddr.un.sun_path, b->sockaddr.un.sun_path, a->size) != 0)
+                                return false;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case AF_NETLINK:
+                if (a->protocol != b->protocol)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.nl.nl_groups != b->sockaddr.nl.nl_groups)
+                        return false;
+
+                break;
+
+        case AF_VSOCK:
+                if (a->sockaddr.vm.svm_cid != b->sockaddr.vm.svm_cid)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (a->sockaddr.vm.svm_port != b->sockaddr.vm.svm_port)
+                        return false;
+
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                /* Cannot compare, so we assume the addresses are different */
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+const char* socket_address_get_path(const SocketAddress *a) {
+        assert(a);
+
+        if (socket_address_family(a) != AF_UNIX)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (a->sockaddr.un.sun_path[0] == 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Note that this is only safe because we know that there's an extra NUL byte after the sockaddr_un
+         * structure. On Linux AF_UNIX file system socket addresses don't have to be NUL terminated if they take up the
+         * full sun_path space. */
+        assert_cc(sizeof(union sockaddr_union) >= sizeof(struct sockaddr_un)+1);
+        return a->sockaddr.un.sun_path;
+}
+
+bool socket_ipv6_is_supported(void) {
+        static int cached = -1;
+
+        if (cached < 0) {
+
+                if (access("/proc/net/if_inet6", F_OK) < 0) {
+
+                        if (errno != ENOENT) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Unexpected error when checking whether /proc/net/if_inet6 exists: %m");
+                                return false;
+                        }
+
+                        cached = false;
+                } else
+                        cached = true;
+        }
+
+        return cached;
+}
+
+bool socket_ipv6_is_enabled(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Much like socket_ipv6_is_supported(), but also checks that the sysctl that disables IPv6 on all
+         * interfaces isn't turned on */
+
+        if (!socket_ipv6_is_supported())
+                return false;
+
+        r = sysctl_read_ip_property(AF_INET6, "all", "disable_ipv6", &v);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Unexpected error reading 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6' sysctl: %m");
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        r = parse_boolean(v);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to pare 'net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6' sysctl: %m");
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return !r;
+}
+
+bool socket_address_matches_fd(const SocketAddress *a, int fd) {
+        SocketAddress b;
+        socklen_t solen;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        b.size = sizeof(b.sockaddr);
+        if (getsockname(fd, &b.sockaddr.sa, &b.size) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (b.sockaddr.sa.sa_family != a->sockaddr.sa.sa_family)
+                return false;
+
+        solen = sizeof(b.type);
+        if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, &b.type, &solen) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (b.type != a->type)
+                return false;
+
+        if (a->protocol != 0)  {
+                solen = sizeof(b.protocol);
+                if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PROTOCOL, &b.protocol, &solen) < 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (b.protocol != a->protocol)
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return socket_address_equal(a, &b);
+}
+
+int sockaddr_port(const struct sockaddr *_sa, unsigned *ret_port) {
+        const union sockaddr_union *sa = (const union sockaddr_union*) _sa;
+
+        /* Note, this returns the port as 'unsigned' rather than 'uint16_t', as AF_VSOCK knows larger ports */
+
+        assert(sa);
+
+        switch (sa->sa.sa_family) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                *ret_port = be16toh(sa->in.sin_port);
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                *ret_port = be16toh(sa->in6.sin6_port);
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_VSOCK:
+                *ret_port = sa->vm.svm_port;
+                return 0;
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+const union in_addr_union *sockaddr_in_addr(const struct sockaddr *_sa) {
+        const union sockaddr_union *sa = (const union sockaddr_union*) _sa;
+
+        if (!sa)
+                return NULL;
+
+        switch (sa->sa.sa_family) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                return (const union in_addr_union*) &sa->in.sin_addr;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return (const union in_addr_union*) &sa->in6.sin6_addr;
+
+        default:
+                return NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+int sockaddr_set_in_addr(
+                union sockaddr_union *u,
+                int family,
+                const union in_addr_union *a,
+                uint16_t port) {
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(a);
+
+        switch (family) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                u->in = (struct sockaddr_in) {
+                        .sin_family = AF_INET,
+                        .sin_addr = a->in,
+                        .sin_port = htobe16(port),
+                };
+
+                return 0;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                u->in6 = (struct sockaddr_in6) {
+                        .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
+                        .sin6_addr = a->in6,
+                        .sin6_port = htobe16(port),
+                };
+
+                return 0;
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        }
+}
+
+int sockaddr_pretty(
+                const struct sockaddr *_sa,
+                socklen_t salen,
+                bool translate_ipv6,
+                bool include_port,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        union sockaddr_union *sa = (union sockaddr_union*) _sa;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(sa);
+        assert(salen >= sizeof(sa->sa.sa_family));
+
+        switch (sa->sa.sa_family) {
+
+        case AF_INET: {
+                uint32_t a;
+
+                a = be32toh(sa->in.sin_addr.s_addr);
+
+                if (include_port)
+                        r = asprintf(&p,
+                                     "%u.%u.%u.%u:%u",
+                                     a >> 24, (a >> 16) & 0xFF, (a >> 8) & 0xFF, a & 0xFF,
+                                     be16toh(sa->in.sin_port));
+                else
+                        r = asprintf(&p,
+                                     "%u.%u.%u.%u",
+                                     a >> 24, (a >> 16) & 0xFF, (a >> 8) & 0xFF, a & 0xFF);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case AF_INET6: {
+                static const unsigned char ipv4_prefix[] = {
+                        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xFF, 0xFF
+                };
+
+                if (translate_ipv6 &&
+                    memcmp(&sa->in6.sin6_addr, ipv4_prefix, sizeof(ipv4_prefix)) == 0) {
+                        const uint8_t *a = sa->in6.sin6_addr.s6_addr+12;
+                        if (include_port)
+                                r = asprintf(&p,
+                                             "%u.%u.%u.%u:%u",
+                                             a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3],
+                                             be16toh(sa->in6.sin6_port));
+                        else
+                                r = asprintf(&p,
+                                             "%u.%u.%u.%u",
+                                             a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                } else {
+                        const char *a = IN6_ADDR_TO_STRING(&sa->in6.sin6_addr);
+
+                        if (include_port) {
+                                if (asprintf(&p,
+                                             "[%s]:%u%s%s",
+                                             a,
+                                             be16toh(sa->in6.sin6_port),
+                                             sa->in6.sin6_scope_id != 0 ? "%" : "",
+                                             FORMAT_IFNAME_FULL(sa->in6.sin6_scope_id, FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX)) < 0)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        } else {
+                                if (sa->in6.sin6_scope_id != 0)
+                                        p = strjoin(a, "%", FORMAT_IFNAME_FULL(sa->in6.sin6_scope_id, FORMAT_IFNAME_IFINDEX));
+                                else
+                                        p = strdup(a);
+                                if (!p)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case AF_UNIX:
+                if (salen <= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) ||
+                    (sa->un.sun_path[0] == 0 && salen == offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1))
+                        /* The name must have at least one character (and the leading NUL does not count) */
+                        p = strdup("<unnamed>");
+                else {
+                        /* Note that we calculate the path pointer here through the .un_buffer[] field, in order to
+                         * outtrick bounds checking tools such as ubsan, which are too smart for their own good: on
+                         * Linux the kernel may return sun_path[] data one byte longer than the declared size of the
+                         * field. */
+                        char *path = (char*) sa->un_buffer + offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
+                        size_t path_len = salen - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path);
+
+                        if (path[0] == 0) {
+                                /* Abstract socket. When parsing address information from, we
+                                 * explicitly reject overly long paths and paths with embedded NULs.
+                                 * But we might get such a socket from the outside. Let's return
+                                 * something meaningful and printable in this case. */
+
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+                                e = cescape_length(path + 1, path_len - 1);
+                                if (!e)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                p = strjoin("@", e);
+                        } else {
+                                if (path[path_len - 1] == '\0')
+                                        /* We expect a terminating NUL and don't print it */
+                                        path_len --;
+
+                                p = cescape_length(path, path_len);
+                        }
+                }
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                break;
+
+        case AF_VSOCK:
+                if (include_port) {
+                        if (sa->vm.svm_cid == VMADDR_CID_ANY)
+                                r = asprintf(&p, "vsock::%u", sa->vm.svm_port);
+                        else
+                                r = asprintf(&p, "vsock:%u:%u", sa->vm.svm_cid, sa->vm.svm_port);
+                } else
+                        r = asprintf(&p, "vsock:%u", sa->vm.svm_cid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        }
+
+        *ret = p;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int getpeername_pretty(int fd, bool include_port, char **ret) {
+        union sockaddr_union sa;
+        socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (getpeername(fd, &sa.sa, &salen) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (sa.sa.sa_family == AF_UNIX) {
+                struct ucred ucred = UCRED_INVALID;
+
+                /* UNIX connection sockets are anonymous, so let's use
+                 * PID/UID as pretty credentials instead */
+
+                r = getpeercred(fd, &ucred);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (asprintf(ret, "PID "PID_FMT"/UID "UID_FMT, ucred.pid, ucred.uid) < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* For remote sockets we translate IPv6 addresses back to IPv4
+         * if applicable, since that's nicer. */
+
+        return sockaddr_pretty(&sa.sa, salen, true, include_port, ret);
+}
+
+int getsockname_pretty(int fd, char **ret) {
+        union sockaddr_union sa;
+        socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (getsockname(fd, &sa.sa, &salen) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* For local sockets we do not translate IPv6 addresses back
+         * to IPv6 if applicable, since this is usually used for
+         * listening sockets where the difference between IPv4 and
+         * IPv6 matters. */
+
+        return sockaddr_pretty(&sa.sa, salen, false, true, ret);
+}
+
+int socknameinfo_pretty(union sockaddr_union *sa, socklen_t salen, char **_ret) {
+        int r;
+        char host[NI_MAXHOST], *ret;
+
+        assert(_ret);
+
+        r = getnameinfo(&sa->sa, salen, host, sizeof(host), NULL, 0, IDN_FLAGS);
+        if (r != 0) {
+                int saved_errno = errno;
+
+                r = sockaddr_pretty(&sa->sa, salen, true, true, &ret);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                log_debug_errno(saved_errno, "getnameinfo(%s) failed: %m", ret);
+        } else {
+                ret = strdup(host);
+                if (!ret)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *_ret = ret;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const netlink_family_table[] = {
+        [NETLINK_ROUTE]          = "route",
+        [NETLINK_FIREWALL]       = "firewall",
+        [NETLINK_INET_DIAG]      = "inet-diag",
+        [NETLINK_NFLOG]          = "nflog",
+        [NETLINK_XFRM]           = "xfrm",
+        [NETLINK_SELINUX]        = "selinux",
+        [NETLINK_ISCSI]          = "iscsi",
+        [NETLINK_AUDIT]          = "audit",
+        [NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP]     = "fib-lookup",
+        [NETLINK_CONNECTOR]      = "connector",
+        [NETLINK_NETFILTER]      = "netfilter",
+        [NETLINK_IP6_FW]         = "ip6-fw",
+        [NETLINK_DNRTMSG]        = "dnrtmsg",
+        [NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT] = "kobject-uevent",
+        [NETLINK_GENERIC]        = "generic",
+        [NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT]  = "scsitransport",
+        [NETLINK_ECRYPTFS]       = "ecryptfs",
+        [NETLINK_RDMA]           = "rdma",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(netlink_family, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char* const socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_table[_SOCKET_ADDRESS_BIND_IPV6_ONLY_MAX] = {
+        [SOCKET_ADDRESS_DEFAULT] = "default",
+        [SOCKET_ADDRESS_BOTH] = "both",
+        [SOCKET_ADDRESS_IPV6_ONLY] = "ipv6-only"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(socket_address_bind_ipv6_only, SocketAddressBindIPv6Only);
+
+SocketAddressBindIPv6Only socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_or_bool_from_string(const char *n) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_boolean(n);
+        if (r > 0)
+                return SOCKET_ADDRESS_IPV6_ONLY;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return SOCKET_ADDRESS_BOTH;
+
+        return socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_from_string(n);
+}
+
+bool sockaddr_equal(const union sockaddr_union *a, const union sockaddr_union *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (a->sa.sa_family != b->sa.sa_family)
+                return false;
+
+        if (a->sa.sa_family == AF_INET)
+                return a->in.sin_addr.s_addr == b->in.sin_addr.s_addr;
+
+        if (a->sa.sa_family == AF_INET6)
+                return memcmp(&a->in6.sin6_addr, &b->in6.sin6_addr, sizeof(a->in6.sin6_addr)) == 0;
+
+        if (a->sa.sa_family == AF_VSOCK)
+                return a->vm.svm_cid == b->vm.svm_cid;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int fd_set_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n, bool increase) {
+        int r, value;
+        socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
+
+        if (n > INT_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
+        if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && increase ? (size_t) value >= n*2 : (size_t) value == n*2)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* First, try to set the buffer size with SO_SNDBUF. */
+        r = setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* SO_SNDBUF above may set to the kernel limit, instead of the requested size.
+         * So, we need to check the actual buffer size here. */
+        l = sizeof(value);
+        r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
+        if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && increase ? (size_t) value >= n*2 : (size_t) value == n*2)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
+        r = setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int fd_set_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n, bool increase) {
+        int r, value;
+        socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
+
+        if (n > INT_MAX)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
+        if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && increase ? (size_t) value >= n*2 : (size_t) value == n*2)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* First, try to set the buffer size with SO_RCVBUF. */
+        r = setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* SO_RCVBUF above may set to the kernel limit, instead of the requested size.
+         * So, we need to check the actual buffer size here. */
+        l = sizeof(value);
+        r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
+        if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && increase ? (size_t) value >= n*2 : (size_t) value == n*2)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
+        r = setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
+        [IPTOS_LOWDELAY]    = "low-delay",
+        [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT]  = "throughput",
+        [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
+        [IPTOS_LOWCOST]     = "low-cost",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
+
+bool ifname_valid_char(char a) {
+        if ((unsigned char) a >= 127U)
+                return false;
+
+        if ((unsigned char) a <= 32U)
+                return false;
+
+        if (IN_SET(a,
+                   ':',  /* colons are used by the legacy "alias" interface logic */
+                   '/',  /* slashes cannot work, since we need to use network interfaces in sysfs paths, and in paths slashes are separators */
+                   '%')) /* %d is used in the kernel's weird foo%d format string naming feature which we really really don't want to ever run into by accident */
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool ifname_valid_full(const char *p, IfnameValidFlags flags) {
+        bool numeric = true;
+
+        /* Checks whether a network interface name is valid. This is inspired by dev_valid_name() in the kernel sources
+         * but slightly stricter, as we only allow non-control, non-space ASCII characters in the interface name. We
+         * also don't permit names that only container numbers, to avoid confusion with numeric interface indexes. */
+
+        assert(!(flags & ~_IFNAME_VALID_ALL));
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        /* A valid ifindex? If so, it's valid iff IFNAME_VALID_NUMERIC is set */
+        if (parse_ifindex(p) >= 0)
+                return flags & IFNAME_VALID_NUMERIC;
+
+        if (flags & IFNAME_VALID_ALTERNATIVE) {
+                if (strlen(p) >= ALTIFNAMSIZ)
+                        return false;
+        } else {
+                if (strlen(p) >= IFNAMSIZ)
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        if (dot_or_dot_dot(p))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Let's refuse "all" and "default" as interface name, to avoid collisions with the special sysctl
+         * directories /proc/sys/net/{ipv4,ipv6}/conf/{all,default} */
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, IFNAME_VALID_SPECIAL) && STR_IN_SET(p, "all", "default"))
+                return false;
+
+        for (const char *t = p; *t; t++) {
+                if (!ifname_valid_char(*t))
+                        return false;
+
+                numeric = numeric && ascii_isdigit(*t);
+        }
+
+        /* It's fully numeric but didn't parse as valid ifindex above? if so, it must be too large or zero or
+         * so, let's refuse that. */
+        if (numeric)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool address_label_valid(const char *p) {
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strlen(p) >= IFNAMSIZ)
+                return false;
+
+        while (*p) {
+                if ((uint8_t) *p >= 127U)
+                        return false;
+
+                if ((uint8_t) *p <= 31U)
+                        return false;
+                p++;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
+        socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
+        struct ucred u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ucred);
+
+        r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due to namespacing issues */
+        if (!pid_is_valid(u.pid))
+                return -ENODATA;
+
+        /* Note that we don't check UID/GID here, as namespace translation works differently there: instead of
+         * receiving in "invalid" user/group we get the overflow UID/GID. */
+
+        *ucred = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        socklen_t n = 64;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                s = new0(char, n+1);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n) >= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (errno != ERANGE)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                s = mfree(s);
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(s))
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int getpeergroups(int fd, gid_t **ret) {
+        socklen_t n = sizeof(gid_t) * 64;
+        _cleanup_free_ gid_t *d = NULL;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                d = malloc(n);
+                if (!d)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERGROUPS, d, &n) >= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (errno != ERANGE)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                d = mfree(d);
+        }
+
+        assert_se(n % sizeof(gid_t) == 0);
+        n /= sizeof(gid_t);
+
+        if ((socklen_t) (int) n != n)
+                return -E2BIG;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(d);
+
+        return (int) n;
+}
+
+ssize_t send_one_fd_iov_sa(
+                int transport_fd,
+                int fd,
+                const struct iovec *iov, size_t iovlen,
+                const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
+                int flags) {
+
+        CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))) control = {};
+        struct msghdr mh = {
+                .msg_name = (struct sockaddr*) sa,
+                .msg_namelen = len,
+                .msg_iov = (struct iovec *)iov,
+                .msg_iovlen = iovlen,
+        };
+        ssize_t k;
+
+        assert(transport_fd >= 0);
+
+        /*
+         * We need either an FD or data to send.
+         * If there's nothing, return an error.
+         */
+        if (fd < 0 && !iov)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+                mh.msg_control = &control;
+                mh.msg_controllen = sizeof(control);
+
+                cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
+                cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+                cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+                cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+                memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
+        }
+        k = sendmsg(transport_fd, &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL | flags);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return (ssize_t) -errno;
+
+        return k;
+}
+
+int send_one_fd_sa(
+                int transport_fd,
+                int fd,
+                const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
+                int flags) {
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        return (int) send_one_fd_iov_sa(transport_fd, fd, NULL, 0, sa, len, flags);
+}
+
+ssize_t receive_one_fd_iov(
+                int transport_fd,
+                struct iovec *iov, size_t iovlen,
+                int flags,
+                int *ret_fd) {
+
+        CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))) control;
+        struct msghdr mh = {
+                .msg_control = &control,
+                .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
+                .msg_iov = iov,
+                .msg_iovlen = iovlen,
+        };
+        struct cmsghdr *found;
+        ssize_t k;
+
+        assert(transport_fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret_fd);
+
+        /*
+         * Receive a single FD via @transport_fd. We don't care for
+         * the transport-type. We retrieve a single FD at most, so for
+         * packet-based transports, the caller must ensure to send
+         * only a single FD per packet.  This is best used in
+         * combination with send_one_fd().
+         */
+
+        k = recvmsg_safe(transport_fd, &mh, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC | flags);
+        if (k < 0)
+                return k;
+
+        found = cmsg_find(&mh, SOL_SOCKET, SCM_RIGHTS, CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)));
+        if (!found) {
+                cmsg_close_all(&mh);
+
+                /* If didn't receive an FD or any data, return an error. */
+                if (k == 0)
+                        return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        if (found)
+                *ret_fd = *(int*) CMSG_DATA(found);
+        else
+                *ret_fd = -1;
+
+        return k;
+}
+
+int receive_one_fd(int transport_fd, int flags) {
+        int fd;
+        ssize_t k;
+
+        k = receive_one_fd_iov(transport_fd, NULL, 0, flags, &fd);
+        if (k == 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        /* k must be negative, since receive_one_fd_iov() only returns
+         * a positive value if data was received through the iov. */
+        assert(k < 0);
+        return (int) k;
+}
+
+ssize_t next_datagram_size_fd(int fd) {
+        ssize_t l;
+        int k;
+
+        /* This is a bit like FIONREAD/SIOCINQ, however a bit more powerful. The difference being: recv(MSG_PEEK) will
+         * actually cause the next datagram in the queue to be validated regarding checksums, which FIONREAD doesn't
+         * do. This difference is actually of major importance as we need to be sure that the size returned here
+         * actually matches what we will read with recvmsg() next, as otherwise we might end up allocating a buffer of
+         * the wrong size. */
+
+        l = recv(fd, NULL, 0, MSG_PEEK|MSG_TRUNC);
+        if (l < 0) {
+                if (IN_SET(errno, EOPNOTSUPP, EFAULT))
+                        goto fallback;
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+        if (l == 0)
+                goto fallback;
+
+        return l;
+
+fallback:
+        k = 0;
+
+        /* Some sockets (AF_PACKET) do not support null-sized recv() with MSG_TRUNC set, let's fall back to FIONREAD
+         * for them. Checksums don't matter for raw sockets anyway, hence this should be fine. */
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &k) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return (ssize_t) k;
+}
+
+/* Put a limit on how many times will attempt to call accept4(). We loop
+ * only on "transient" errors, but let's make sure we don't loop forever. */
+#define MAX_FLUSH_ITERATIONS 1024
+
+int flush_accept(int fd) {
+
+        int r, b;
+        socklen_t l = sizeof(b);
+
+        /* Similar to flush_fd() but flushes all incoming connections by accepting and immediately closing
+         * them. */
+
+        if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ACCEPTCONN, &b, &l) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        assert(l == sizeof(b));
+        if (!b) /* Let's check if this socket accepts connections before calling accept(). accept4() can
+                 * return EOPNOTSUPP if the fd is not a listening socket, which we should treat as a fatal
+                 * error, or in case the incoming TCP connection triggered a network issue, which we want to
+                 * treat as a transient error. Thus, let's rule out the first reason for EOPNOTSUPP early, so
+                 * we can loop safely on transient errors below. */
+                return -ENOTTY;
+
+        for (unsigned iteration = 0;; iteration++) {
+                int cfd;
+
+                r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, 0);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r == -EINTR)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (iteration >= MAX_FLUSH_ITERATIONS)
+                        return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBUSY),
+                                               "Failed to flush connections within " STRINGIFY(MAX_FLUSH_ITERATIONS) " iterations.");
+
+                cfd = accept4(fd, NULL, NULL, SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC);
+                if (cfd < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EAGAIN)
+                                return 0;
+
+                        if (ERRNO_IS_ACCEPT_AGAIN(errno))
+                                continue;
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                safe_close(cfd);
+        }
+}
+
+struct cmsghdr* cmsg_find(struct msghdr *mh, int level, int type, socklen_t length) {
+        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+        assert(mh);
+
+        CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)
+                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == level &&
+                    cmsg->cmsg_type == type &&
+                    (length == (socklen_t) -1 || length == cmsg->cmsg_len))
+                        return cmsg;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int socket_ioctl_fd(void) {
+        int fd;
+
+        /* Create a socket to invoke the various network interface ioctl()s on. Traditionally only AF_INET was good for
+         * that. Since kernel 4.6 AF_NETLINK works for this too. We first try to use AF_INET hence, but if that's not
+         * available (for example, because it is made unavailable via SECCOMP or such), we'll fall back to the more
+         * generic AF_NETLINK. */
+
+        fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW|SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_GENERIC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int sockaddr_un_unlink(const struct sockaddr_un *sa) {
+        const char *p, * nul;
+
+        assert(sa);
+
+        if (sa->sun_family != AF_UNIX)
+                return -EPROTOTYPE;
+
+        if (sa->sun_path[0] == 0) /* Nothing to do for abstract sockets */
+                return 0;
+
+        /* The path in .sun_path is not necessarily NUL terminated. Let's fix that. */
+        nul = memchr(sa->sun_path, 0, sizeof(sa->sun_path));
+        if (nul)
+                p = sa->sun_path;
+        else
+                p = memdupa_suffix0(sa->sun_path, sizeof(sa->sun_path));
+
+        if (unlink(p) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int sockaddr_un_set_path(struct sockaddr_un *ret, const char *path) {
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Initialize ret->sun_path from the specified argument. This will interpret paths starting with '@' as
+         * abstract namespace sockets, and those starting with '/' as regular filesystem sockets. It won't accept
+         * anything else (i.e. no relative paths), to avoid ambiguities. Note that this function cannot be used to
+         * reference paths in the abstract namespace that include NUL bytes in the name. */
+
+        l = strlen(path);
+        if (l < 2)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!IN_SET(path[0], '/', '@'))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Don't allow paths larger than the space in sockaddr_un. Note that we are a tiny bit more restrictive than
+         * the kernel is: we insist on NUL termination (both for abstract namespace and regular file system socket
+         * addresses!), which the kernel doesn't. We do this to reduce chance of incompatibility with other apps that
+         * do not expect non-NUL terminated file system path. */
+        if (l+1 > sizeof(ret->sun_path))
+                return path[0] == '@' ? -EINVAL : -ENAMETOOLONG; /* return a recognizable error if this is
+                                                                  * too long to fit into a sockaddr_un, but
+                                                                  * is a file system path, and thus might be
+                                                                  * connectible via O_PATH indirection. */
+
+        *ret = (struct sockaddr_un) {
+                .sun_family = AF_UNIX,
+        };
+
+        if (path[0] == '@') {
+                /* Abstract namespace socket */
+                memcpy(ret->sun_path + 1, path + 1, l); /* copy *with* trailing NUL byte */
+                return (int) (offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l); /* 🔥 *don't* 🔥 include trailing NUL in size */
+
+        } else {
+                assert(path[0] == '/');
+
+                /* File system socket */
+                memcpy(ret->sun_path, path, l + 1); /* copy *with* trailing NUL byte */
+                return (int) (offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + l + 1); /* include trailing NUL in size */
+        }
+}
+
+int socket_bind_to_ifname(int fd, const char *ifname) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* Call with NULL to drop binding */
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, ifname, strlen_ptr(ifname)));
+}
+
+int socket_bind_to_ifindex(int fd, int ifindex) {
+        char ifname[IF_NAMESIZE];
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (ifindex <= 0)
+                /* Drop binding */
+                return RET_NERRNO(setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, NULL, 0));
+
+        r = setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTOIFINDEX, ifindex);
+        if (r != -ENOPROTOOPT)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Fall back to SO_BINDTODEVICE on kernels < 5.0 which didn't have SO_BINDTOIFINDEX */
+        r = format_ifname(ifindex, ifname);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return socket_bind_to_ifname(fd, ifname);
+}
+
+ssize_t recvmsg_safe(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags) {
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        /* A wrapper around recvmsg() that checks for MSG_CTRUNC, and turns it into an error, in a reasonably
+         * safe way, closing any SCM_RIGHTS fds in the error path.
+         *
+         * Note that unlike our usual coding style this might modify *msg on failure. */
+
+        n = recvmsg(sockfd, msg, flags);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(msg->msg_flags, MSG_CTRUNC)) {
+                cmsg_close_all(msg);
+                return -EXFULL; /* a recognizable error code */
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+int socket_get_family(int fd) {
+        int af;
+        socklen_t sl = sizeof(af);
+
+        if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DOMAIN, &af, &sl) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (sl != sizeof(af))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return af;
+}
+
+int socket_set_recvpktinfo(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+
+        if (af == AF_UNSPEC) {
+                af = socket_get_family(fd);
+                if (af < 0)
+                        return af;
+        }
+
+        switch (af) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_PKTINFO, b);
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, b);
+
+        case AF_NETLINK:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_NETLINK, NETLINK_PKTINFO, b);
+
+        case AF_PACKET:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, SOL_PACKET, PACKET_AUXDATA, b);
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int socket_set_unicast_if(int fd, int af, int ifi) {
+        be32_t ifindex_be = htobe32(ifi);
+
+        if (af == AF_UNSPEC) {
+                af = socket_get_family(fd);
+                if (af < 0)
+                        return af;
+        }
+
+        switch (af) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                return RET_NERRNO(setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_UNICAST_IF, &ifindex_be, sizeof(ifindex_be)));
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return RET_NERRNO(setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_IF, &ifindex_be, sizeof(ifindex_be)));
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int socket_set_option(int fd, int af, int opt_ipv4, int opt_ipv6, int val) {
+        if (af == AF_UNSPEC) {
+                af = socket_get_family(fd);
+                if (af < 0)
+                        return af;
+        }
+
+        switch (af) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IP, opt_ipv4, val);
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                return setsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, opt_ipv6, val);
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+}
+
+int socket_get_mtu(int fd, int af, size_t *ret) {
+        int mtu, r;
+
+        if (af == AF_UNSPEC) {
+                af = socket_get_family(fd);
+                if (af < 0)
+                        return af;
+        }
+
+        switch (af) {
+
+        case AF_INET:
+                r = getsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MTU, &mtu);
+                break;
+
+        case AF_INET6:
+                r = getsockopt_int(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MTU, &mtu);
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (mtu <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = (size_t) mtu;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int connect_unix_path(int fd, int dir_fd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int inode_fd = -1;
+        union sockaddr_union sa = {
+                .un.sun_family = AF_UNIX,
+        };
+        size_t path_len;
+        socklen_t salen;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(dir_fd == AT_FDCWD || dir_fd >= 0);
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Connects to the specified AF_UNIX socket in the file system. Works around the 108 byte size limit
+         * in sockaddr_un, by going via O_PATH if needed. This hence works for any kind of path. */
+
+        path_len = strlen(path);
+
+        /* Refuse zero length path early, to make sure AF_UNIX stack won't mistake this for an abstract
+         * namespace path, since first char is NUL */
+        if (path_len <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (dir_fd == AT_FDCWD && path_len < sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)) {
+                memcpy(sa.un.sun_path, path, path_len + 1);
+                salen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + path_len + 1;
+        } else {
+                const char *proc;
+                size_t proc_len;
+
+                /* If dir_fd is specified, then we need to go the indirect O_PATH route, because connectat()
+                 * does not exist. If the path is too long, we also need to take the indirect route, since we
+                 * can't fit this into a sockaddr_un directly. */
+
+                inode_fd = openat(dir_fd, path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (inode_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                proc = FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(inode_fd);
+                proc_len = strlen(proc);
+
+                assert(proc_len < sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
+                memcpy(sa.un.sun_path, proc, proc_len + 1);
+                salen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + proc_len + 1;
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(connect(fd, &sa.sa, salen));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/socket-util.h b/src/basic/socket-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7803168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/socket-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/if_ether.h>
+#include <linux/if_infiniband.h>
+#include <linux/if_packet.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "in-addr-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_network.h"
+#include "missing_socket.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+
+union sockaddr_union {
+        /* The minimal, abstract version */
+        struct sockaddr sa;
+
+        /* The libc provided version that allocates "enough room" for every protocol */
+        struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+
+        /* Protoctol-specific implementations */
+        struct sockaddr_in in;
+        struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
+        struct sockaddr_un un;
+        struct sockaddr_nl nl;
+        struct sockaddr_ll ll;
+        struct sockaddr_vm vm;
+
+        /* Ensure there is enough space to store Infiniband addresses */
+        uint8_t ll_buffer[offsetof(struct sockaddr_ll, sll_addr) + CONST_MAX(ETH_ALEN, INFINIBAND_ALEN)];
+
+        /* Ensure there is enough space after the AF_UNIX sun_path for one more NUL byte, just to be sure that the path
+         * component is always followed by at least one NUL byte. */
+        uint8_t un_buffer[sizeof(struct sockaddr_un) + 1];
+};
+
+#define SUN_PATH_LEN (sizeof(((struct sockaddr_un){}).sun_path))
+
+typedef struct SocketAddress {
+        union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
+
+        /* We store the size here explicitly due to the weird
+         * sockaddr_un semantics for abstract sockets */
+        socklen_t size;
+
+        /* Socket type, i.e. SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, ... */
+        int type;
+
+        /* Socket protocol, IPPROTO_xxx, usually 0, except for netlink */
+        int protocol;
+} SocketAddress;
+
+typedef enum SocketAddressBindIPv6Only {
+        SOCKET_ADDRESS_DEFAULT,
+        SOCKET_ADDRESS_BOTH,
+        SOCKET_ADDRESS_IPV6_ONLY,
+        _SOCKET_ADDRESS_BIND_IPV6_ONLY_MAX,
+        _SOCKET_ADDRESS_BIND_IPV6_ONLY_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} SocketAddressBindIPv6Only;
+
+#define socket_address_family(a) ((a)->sockaddr.sa.sa_family)
+
+const char* socket_address_type_to_string(int t) _const_;
+int socket_address_type_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int sockaddr_un_unlink(const struct sockaddr_un *sa);
+
+static inline int socket_address_unlink(const SocketAddress *a) {
+        return socket_address_family(a) == AF_UNIX ? sockaddr_un_unlink(&a->sockaddr.un) : 0;
+}
+
+bool socket_address_can_accept(const SocketAddress *a) _pure_;
+
+int socket_address_listen(
+                const SocketAddress *a,
+                int flags,
+                int backlog,
+                SocketAddressBindIPv6Only only,
+                const char *bind_to_device,
+                bool reuse_port,
+                bool free_bind,
+                bool transparent,
+                mode_t directory_mode,
+                mode_t socket_mode,
+                const char *label);
+
+int socket_address_verify(const SocketAddress *a, bool strict) _pure_;
+int socket_address_print(const SocketAddress *a, char **p);
+bool socket_address_matches_fd(const SocketAddress *a, int fd);
+
+bool socket_address_equal(const SocketAddress *a, const SocketAddress *b) _pure_;
+
+const char* socket_address_get_path(const SocketAddress *a);
+
+bool socket_ipv6_is_supported(void);
+bool socket_ipv6_is_enabled(void);
+
+int sockaddr_port(const struct sockaddr *_sa, unsigned *port);
+const union in_addr_union *sockaddr_in_addr(const struct sockaddr *sa);
+int sockaddr_set_in_addr(union sockaddr_union *u, int family, const union in_addr_union *a, uint16_t port);
+
+int sockaddr_pretty(const struct sockaddr *_sa, socklen_t salen, bool translate_ipv6, bool include_port, char **ret);
+int getpeername_pretty(int fd, bool include_port, char **ret);
+int getsockname_pretty(int fd, char **ret);
+
+int socknameinfo_pretty(union sockaddr_union *sa, socklen_t salen, char **_ret);
+
+const char* socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_to_string(SocketAddressBindIPv6Only b) _const_;
+SocketAddressBindIPv6Only socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+SocketAddressBindIPv6Only socket_address_bind_ipv6_only_or_bool_from_string(const char *s);
+
+int netlink_family_to_string_alloc(int b, char **s);
+int netlink_family_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+bool sockaddr_equal(const union sockaddr_union *a, const union sockaddr_union *b);
+
+int fd_set_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n, bool increase);
+static inline int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
+        return fd_set_sndbuf(fd, n, true);
+}
+int fd_set_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n, bool increase);
+static inline int fd_increase_rxbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
+        return fd_set_rcvbuf(fd, n, true);
+}
+
+int ip_tos_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int ip_tos_from_string(const char *s);
+
+typedef enum {
+        IFNAME_VALID_ALTERNATIVE = 1 << 0, /* Allow "altnames" too */
+        IFNAME_VALID_NUMERIC     = 1 << 1, /* Allow decimal formatted ifindexes too */
+        IFNAME_VALID_SPECIAL     = 1 << 2, /* Allow the special names "all" and "default" */
+        _IFNAME_VALID_ALL        = IFNAME_VALID_ALTERNATIVE | IFNAME_VALID_NUMERIC | IFNAME_VALID_SPECIAL,
+} IfnameValidFlags;
+bool ifname_valid_char(char a);
+bool ifname_valid_full(const char *p, IfnameValidFlags flags);
+static inline bool ifname_valid(const char *p) {
+        return ifname_valid_full(p, 0);
+}
+bool address_label_valid(const char *p);
+
+int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred);
+int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret);
+int getpeergroups(int fd, gid_t **ret);
+
+ssize_t send_one_fd_iov_sa(
+                int transport_fd,
+                int fd,
+                const struct iovec *iov, size_t iovlen,
+                const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
+                int flags);
+int send_one_fd_sa(int transport_fd,
+                   int fd,
+                   const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t len,
+                   int flags);
+#define send_one_fd_iov(transport_fd, fd, iov, iovlen, flags) send_one_fd_iov_sa(transport_fd, fd, iov, iovlen, NULL, 0, flags)
+#define send_one_fd(transport_fd, fd, flags) send_one_fd_iov_sa(transport_fd, fd, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, flags)
+ssize_t receive_one_fd_iov(int transport_fd, struct iovec *iov, size_t iovlen, int flags, int *ret_fd);
+int receive_one_fd(int transport_fd, int flags);
+
+ssize_t next_datagram_size_fd(int fd);
+
+int flush_accept(int fd);
+
+#define CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)                                          \
+        for ((cmsg) = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); (cmsg); (cmsg) = CMSG_NXTHDR((mh), (cmsg)))
+
+struct cmsghdr* cmsg_find(struct msghdr *mh, int level, int type, socklen_t length);
+
+/* Type-safe, dereferencing version of cmsg_find() */
+#define CMSG_FIND_DATA(mh, level, type, ctype) \
+        ({                                                            \
+                struct cmsghdr *_found;                               \
+                _found = cmsg_find(mh, level, type, CMSG_LEN(sizeof(ctype))); \
+                (ctype*) (_found ? CMSG_DATA(_found) : NULL);         \
+        })
+
+/* Resolves to a type that can carry cmsghdr structures. Make sure things are properly aligned, i.e. the type
+ * itself is placed properly in memory and the size is also aligned to what's appropriate for "cmsghdr"
+ * structures. */
+#define CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(size)                                          \
+        union {                                                         \
+                struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;                                 \
+                uint8_t buf[size];                                      \
+                uint8_t align_check[(size) >= CMSG_SPACE(0) &&          \
+                                    (size) == CMSG_ALIGN(size) ? 1 : -1]; \
+        }
+
+/*
+ * Certain hardware address types (e.g Infiniband) do not fit into sll_addr
+ * (8 bytes) and run over the structure. This macro returns the correct size that
+ * must be passed to kernel.
+ */
+#define SOCKADDR_LL_LEN(sa)                                             \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const struct sockaddr_ll *_sa = &(sa);                  \
+                size_t _mac_len = sizeof(_sa->sll_addr);                \
+                assert(_sa->sll_family == AF_PACKET);                   \
+                if (be16toh(_sa->sll_hatype) == ARPHRD_ETHER)           \
+                        _mac_len = MAX(_mac_len, (size_t) ETH_ALEN);    \
+                if (be16toh(_sa->sll_hatype) == ARPHRD_INFINIBAND)      \
+                        _mac_len = MAX(_mac_len, (size_t) INFINIBAND_ALEN); \
+                offsetof(struct sockaddr_ll, sll_addr) + _mac_len;      \
+        })
+
+/* Covers only file system and abstract AF_UNIX socket addresses, but not unnamed socket addresses. */
+#define SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa)                                             \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const struct sockaddr_un *_sa = &(sa);                  \
+                assert(_sa->sun_family == AF_UNIX);                     \
+                offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) +                \
+                        (_sa->sun_path[0] == 0 ?                        \
+                         1 + strnlen(_sa->sun_path+1, sizeof(_sa->sun_path)-1) : \
+                         strnlen(_sa->sun_path, sizeof(_sa->sun_path))+1); \
+        })
+
+#define SOCKADDR_LEN(saddr)                                             \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const union sockaddr_union *__sa = &(saddr);            \
+                size_t _len;                                            \
+                switch (__sa->sa.sa_family) {                           \
+                case AF_INET:                                           \
+                        _len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);              \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case AF_INET6:                                          \
+                        _len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);             \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case AF_UNIX:                                           \
+                        _len = SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(__sa->un);               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case AF_PACKET:                                         \
+                        _len = SOCKADDR_LL_LEN(__sa->ll);               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case AF_NETLINK:                                        \
+                        _len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);              \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case AF_VSOCK:                                          \
+                        _len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_vm);              \
+                        break;                                          \
+                default:                                                \
+                        assert_not_reached();                           \
+                }                                                       \
+                _len;                                                   \
+        })
+
+int socket_ioctl_fd(void);
+
+int sockaddr_un_set_path(struct sockaddr_un *ret, const char *path);
+
+static inline int setsockopt_int(int fd, int level, int optname, int value) {
+        if (setsockopt(fd, level, optname, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int getsockopt_int(int fd, int level, int optname, int *ret) {
+        int v;
+        socklen_t sl = sizeof(v);
+
+        if (getsockopt(fd, level, optname, &v, &sl) < 0)
+                return negative_errno();
+        if (sl != sizeof(v))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *ret = v;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int socket_bind_to_ifname(int fd, const char *ifname);
+int socket_bind_to_ifindex(int fd, int ifindex);
+
+/* Define a 64bit version of timeval/timespec in any case, even on 32bit userspace. */
+struct timeval_large {
+        uint64_t tvl_sec, tvl_usec;
+};
+struct timespec_large {
+        uint64_t tvl_sec, tvl_nsec;
+};
+
+/* glibc duplicates timespec/timeval on certain 32bit archs, once in 32bit and once in 64bit.
+ * See __convert_scm_timestamps() in glibc source code. Hence, we need additional buffer space for them
+ * to prevent from recvmsg_safe() returning -EXFULL. */
+#define CMSG_SPACE_TIMEVAL                                              \
+        ((sizeof(struct timeval) == sizeof(struct timeval_large)) ?     \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) :                           \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) +                           \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval_large)))
+#define CMSG_SPACE_TIMESPEC                                             \
+        ((sizeof(struct timespec) == sizeof(struct timespec_large)) ?   \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec)) :                          \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec)) +                          \
+         CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec_large)))
+
+ssize_t recvmsg_safe(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags);
+
+int socket_get_family(int fd);
+int socket_set_recvpktinfo(int fd, int af, bool b);
+int socket_set_unicast_if(int fd, int af, int ifi);
+
+int socket_set_option(int fd, int af, int opt_ipv4, int opt_ipv6, int val);
+static inline int socket_set_recverr(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_RECVERR, IPV6_RECVERR, b);
+}
+static inline int socket_set_recvttl(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_RECVTTL, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, b);
+}
+static inline int socket_set_ttl(int fd, int af, int ttl) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_TTL, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, ttl);
+}
+static inline int socket_set_freebind(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_FREEBIND, IPV6_FREEBIND, b);
+}
+static inline int socket_set_transparent(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_TRANSPARENT, IPV6_TRANSPARENT, b);
+}
+static inline int socket_set_recvfragsize(int fd, int af, bool b) {
+        return socket_set_option(fd, af, IP_RECVFRAGSIZE, IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE, b);
+}
+
+int socket_get_mtu(int fd, int af, size_t *ret);
+
+/* an initializer for struct ucred that initialized all fields to the invalid value appropriate for each */
+#define UCRED_INVALID { .pid = 0, .uid = UID_INVALID, .gid = GID_INVALID }
+
+int connect_unix_path(int fd, int dir_fd, const char *path);
+
+/* libc's SOMAXCONN is defined to 128 or 4096 (at least on glibc). But actually, the value can be much
+ * larger. In our codebase we want to set it to the max usually, since noawadays socket memory is properly
+ * tracked by memcg, and hence we don't need to enforce extra limits here. Moreover, the kernel caps it to
+ * /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn anyway, thus by setting this to unbounded we just make that sysctl file
+ * authoritative. */
+#define SOMAXCONN_DELUXE INT_MAX
diff --git a/src/basic/sort-util.c b/src/basic/sort-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0fb9cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sort-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+
+/* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
+void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                 comparison_userdata_fn_t compar, void *arg) {
+        size_t l, u, idx;
+        const void *p;
+        int comparison;
+
+        assert(!size_multiply_overflow(nmemb, size));
+
+        l = 0;
+        u = nmemb;
+        while (l < u) {
+                idx = (l + u) / 2;
+                p = (const uint8_t*) base + idx * size;
+                comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
+                if (comparison < 0)
+                        u = idx;
+                else if (comparison > 0)
+                        l = idx + 1;
+                else
+                        return (void *)p;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+int cmp_int(const int *a, const int *b) {
+        return CMP(*a, *b);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/sort-util.h b/src/basic/sort-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45f05bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sort-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* This is the same as glibc's internal __compar_d_fn_t type. glibc exports a public comparison_fn_t, for the
+ * external type __compar_fn_t, but doesn't do anything similar for __compar_d_fn_t. Let's hence do that
+ * ourselves, picking a name that is obvious, but likely enough to not clash with glibc's choice of naming if
+ * they should ever add one. */
+typedef int (*comparison_userdata_fn_t)(const void *, const void *, void *);
+
+void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+                 comparison_userdata_fn_t compar, void *arg);
+
+#define typesafe_bsearch_r(k, b, n, func, userdata)                     \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const typeof((b)[0]) *_k = k;                           \
+                int (*_func_)(const typeof((b)[0])*, const typeof((b)[0])*, typeof(userdata)) = func; \
+                (typeof((b)[0])*) xbsearch_r((const void*) _k, (b), (n), sizeof((b)[0]), (comparison_userdata_fn_t) _func_, userdata); \
+        })
+
+/**
+ * Normal bsearch requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
+ * that only if nmemb > 0.
+ */
+static inline void* bsearch_safe(const void *key, const void *base,
+                                 size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_fn_t compar) {
+        if (nmemb <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(base);
+        return bsearch(key, base, nmemb, size, compar);
+}
+
+#define typesafe_bsearch(k, b, n, func)                                 \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const typeof((b)[0]) *_k = k;                           \
+                int (*_func_)(const typeof((b)[0])*, const typeof((b)[0])*) = func; \
+                (typeof((b)[0])*) bsearch_safe((const void*) _k, (b), (n), sizeof((b)[0]), (comparison_fn_t) _func_); \
+        })
+
+/**
+ * Normal qsort requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
+ * that only if nmemb > 0.
+ */
+static inline void _qsort_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_fn_t compar) {
+        if (nmemb <= 1)
+                return;
+
+        assert(base);
+        qsort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
+}
+
+/* A wrapper around the above, but that adds typesafety: the element size is automatically derived from the type and so
+ * is the prototype for the comparison function */
+#define typesafe_qsort(p, n, func)                                      \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int (*_func_)(const typeof((p)[0])*, const typeof((p)[0])*) = func; \
+                _qsort_safe((p), (n), sizeof((p)[0]), (comparison_fn_t) _func_); \
+        })
+
+static inline void qsort_r_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_userdata_fn_t compar, void *userdata) {
+        if (nmemb <= 1)
+                return;
+
+        assert(base);
+        qsort_r(base, nmemb, size, compar, userdata);
+}
+
+#define typesafe_qsort_r(p, n, func, userdata)                          \
+        ({                                                              \
+                int (*_func_)(const typeof((p)[0])*, const typeof((p)[0])*, typeof(userdata)) = func; \
+                qsort_r_safe((p), (n), sizeof((p)[0]), (comparison_userdata_fn_t) _func_, userdata); \
+        })
+
+int cmp_int(const int *a, const int *b);
diff --git a/src/basic/sparse-endian.h b/src/basic/sparse-endian.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c795d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sparse-endian.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <byteswap.h>
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __CHECKER__
+#define __sd_bitwise __attribute__((__bitwise__))
+#define __sd_force __attribute__((__force__))
+#else
+#define __sd_bitwise
+#define __sd_force
+#endif
+
+typedef uint16_t __sd_bitwise le16_t;
+typedef uint16_t __sd_bitwise be16_t;
+typedef uint32_t __sd_bitwise le32_t;
+typedef uint32_t __sd_bitwise be32_t;
+typedef uint64_t __sd_bitwise le64_t;
+typedef uint64_t __sd_bitwise be64_t;
+
+#undef htobe16
+#undef htole16
+#undef be16toh
+#undef le16toh
+#undef htobe32
+#undef htole32
+#undef be32toh
+#undef le32toh
+#undef htobe64
+#undef htole64
+#undef be64toh
+#undef le64toh
+
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define bswap_16_on_le(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define bswap_32_on_le(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define bswap_64_on_le(x) bswap_64(x)
+#define bswap_16_on_be(x) (x)
+#define bswap_32_on_be(x) (x)
+#define bswap_64_on_be(x) (x)
+#elif __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#define bswap_16_on_le(x) (x)
+#define bswap_32_on_le(x) (x)
+#define bswap_64_on_le(x) (x)
+#define bswap_16_on_be(x) bswap_16(x)
+#define bswap_32_on_be(x) bswap_32(x)
+#define bswap_64_on_be(x) bswap_64(x)
+#endif
+
+static inline le16_t htole16(uint16_t value) { return (le16_t __sd_force) bswap_16_on_be(value); }
+static inline le32_t htole32(uint32_t value) { return (le32_t __sd_force) bswap_32_on_be(value); }
+static inline le64_t htole64(uint64_t value) { return (le64_t __sd_force) bswap_64_on_be(value); }
+
+static inline be16_t htobe16(uint16_t value) { return (be16_t __sd_force) bswap_16_on_le(value); }
+static inline be32_t htobe32(uint32_t value) { return (be32_t __sd_force) bswap_32_on_le(value); }
+static inline be64_t htobe64(uint64_t value) { return (be64_t __sd_force) bswap_64_on_le(value); }
+
+static inline uint16_t le16toh(le16_t value) { return bswap_16_on_be((uint16_t __sd_force)value); }
+static inline uint32_t le32toh(le32_t value) { return bswap_32_on_be((uint32_t __sd_force)value); }
+static inline uint64_t le64toh(le64_t value) { return bswap_64_on_be((uint64_t __sd_force)value); }
+
+static inline uint16_t be16toh(be16_t value) { return bswap_16_on_le((uint16_t __sd_force)value); }
+static inline uint32_t be32toh(be32_t value) { return bswap_32_on_le((uint32_t __sd_force)value); }
+static inline uint64_t be64toh(be64_t value) { return bswap_64_on_le((uint64_t __sd_force)value); }
+
+#undef __sd_bitwise
+#undef __sd_force
diff --git a/src/basic/special.h b/src/basic/special.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d1111f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/special.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#define SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET "default.target"
+#define SPECIAL_INITRD_TARGET "initrd.target"
+
+/* Shutdown targets */
+#define SPECIAL_UMOUNT_TARGET "umount.target"
+/* This is not really intended to be started by directly. This is
+ * mostly so that other targets (reboot/halt/poweroff) can depend on
+ * it to bring all services down that want to be brought down on
+ * system shutdown. */
+#define SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET "shutdown.target"
+#define SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET "halt.target"
+#define SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET "poweroff.target"
+#define SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET "reboot.target"
+#define SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET "kexec.target"
+#define SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET "exit.target"
+#define SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET "suspend.target"
+#define SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET "hibernate.target"
+#define SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET "hybrid-sleep.target"
+#define SPECIAL_SUSPEND_THEN_HIBERNATE_TARGET "suspend-then-hibernate.target"
+#define SPECIAL_FACTORY_RESET_TARGET "factory-reset.target"
+
+/* Special boot targets */
+#define SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET "rescue.target"
+#define SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET "emergency.target"
+#define SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET "multi-user.target"
+#define SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET "graphical.target"
+
+/* Early boot targets */
+#define SPECIAL_SYSINIT_TARGET "sysinit.target"
+#define SPECIAL_SOCKETS_TARGET "sockets.target"
+#define SPECIAL_TIMERS_TARGET "timers.target"
+#define SPECIAL_PATHS_TARGET "paths.target"
+#define SPECIAL_LOCAL_FS_TARGET "local-fs.target"
+#define SPECIAL_LOCAL_FS_PRE_TARGET "local-fs-pre.target"
+#define SPECIAL_INITRD_FS_TARGET "initrd-fs.target"
+#define SPECIAL_INITRD_ROOT_DEVICE_TARGET "initrd-root-device.target"
+#define SPECIAL_INITRD_ROOT_FS_TARGET "initrd-root-fs.target"
+#define SPECIAL_INITRD_USR_FS_TARGET "initrd-usr-fs.target"
+#define SPECIAL_REMOTE_FS_TARGET "remote-fs.target"       /* LSB's $remote_fs */
+#define SPECIAL_REMOTE_FS_PRE_TARGET "remote-fs-pre.target"
+#define SPECIAL_SWAP_TARGET "swap.target"
+#define SPECIAL_NETWORK_ONLINE_TARGET "network-online.target"
+#define SPECIAL_TIME_SYNC_TARGET "time-sync.target"       /* LSB's $time */
+#define SPECIAL_TIME_SET_TARGET "time-set.target"
+#define SPECIAL_BASIC_TARGET "basic.target"
+
+/* LSB compatibility */
+#define SPECIAL_NETWORK_TARGET "network.target"           /* LSB's $network */
+#define SPECIAL_NSS_LOOKUP_TARGET "nss-lookup.target"     /* LSB's $named */
+#define SPECIAL_RPCBIND_TARGET "rpcbind.target"           /* LSB's $portmap */
+
+/*
+ * Rules regarding adding further high level targets like the above:
+ *
+ * - Be conservative, only add more of these when we really need
+ *   them. We need strong usecases for further additions.
+ *
+ * - When there can be multiple implementations running side-by-side,
+ *   it needs to be a .target unit which can pull in all
+ *   implementations.
+ *
+ * - If something can be implemented with socket activation, and
+ *   without, it needs to be a .target unit, so that it can pull in
+ *   the appropriate unit.
+ *
+ * - Otherwise, it should be a .service unit.
+ *
+ * - In some cases it is OK to have both a .service and a .target
+ *   unit, i.e. if there can be multiple parallel implementations, but
+ *   only one is the "system" one. Example: syslog.
+ *
+ * Or to put this in other words: .service symlinks can be used to
+ * arbitrate between multiple implementations if there can be only one
+ * of a kind. .target units can be used to support multiple
+ * implementations that can run side-by-side.
+ */
+
+/* Magic early boot services */
+#define SPECIAL_FSCK_SERVICE "systemd-fsck@.service"
+#define SPECIAL_FSCK_ROOT_SERVICE "systemd-fsck-root.service"
+#define SPECIAL_FSCK_USR_SERVICE "systemd-fsck-usr.service"
+#define SPECIAL_QUOTACHECK_SERVICE "systemd-quotacheck.service"
+#define SPECIAL_QUOTAON_SERVICE "quotaon.service"
+#define SPECIAL_REMOUNT_FS_SERVICE "systemd-remount-fs.service"
+#define SPECIAL_VOLATILE_ROOT_SERVICE "systemd-volatile-root.service"
+#define SPECIAL_UDEVD_SERVICE "systemd-udevd.service"
+
+/* Services systemd relies on */
+#define SPECIAL_DBUS_SERVICE "dbus.service"
+#define SPECIAL_DBUS_SOCKET "dbus.socket"
+#define SPECIAL_JOURNALD_SOCKET "systemd-journald.socket"
+#define SPECIAL_JOURNALD_SERVICE "systemd-journald.service"
+#define SPECIAL_TMPFILES_SETUP_SERVICE "systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service"
+
+/* Magic init signals */
+#define SPECIAL_KBREQUEST_TARGET "kbrequest.target"
+#define SPECIAL_SIGPWR_TARGET "sigpwr.target"
+#define SPECIAL_CTRL_ALT_DEL_TARGET "ctrl-alt-del.target"
+
+/* Where we add all our system units, users and machines by default */
+#define SPECIAL_SYSTEM_SLICE "system.slice"
+#define SPECIAL_USER_SLICE "user.slice"
+#define SPECIAL_MACHINE_SLICE "machine.slice"
+#define SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE "-.slice"
+
+/* The scope unit systemd itself lives in. */
+#define SPECIAL_INIT_SCOPE "init.scope"
+
+/* The root directory. */
+#define SPECIAL_ROOT_MOUNT "-.mount"
+
+/* Special slices valid for the user instance */
+#define SPECIAL_SESSION_SLICE "session.slice"
+#define SPECIAL_APP_SLICE "app.slice"
+#define SPECIAL_BACKGROUND_SLICE "background.slice"
diff --git a/src/basic/stat-util.c b/src/basic/stat-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468840d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stat-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "filesystems.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_fs.h"
+#include "missing_magic.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int is_symlink(const char *path) {
+        struct stat info;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_dir_full(int atfd, const char* path, bool follow) {
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(atfd >= 0 || atfd == AT_FDCWD);
+        assert(atfd >= 0 || path);
+
+        if (path)
+                r = fstatat(atfd, path, &st, follow ? 0 : AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+        else
+                r = fstat(atfd, &st);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_device_node(const char *path) {
+        struct stat info;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!(S_ISBLK(info.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(info.st_mode));
+}
+
+int dir_is_empty_at(int dir_fd, const char *path, bool ignore_hidden_or_backup) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        struct dirent *buf;
+        size_t m;
+
+        if (path) {
+                assert(dir_fd >= 0 || dir_fd == AT_FDCWD);
+
+                fd = openat(dir_fd, path, O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else if (dir_fd == AT_FDCWD) {
+                fd = open(".", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                /* Note that DUPing is not enough, as the internal pointer would still be shared and moved
+                 * getedents64(). */
+                assert(dir_fd >= 0);
+
+                fd = fd_reopen(dir_fd, O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+        }
+
+        /* Allocate space for at least 3 full dirents, since every dir has at least two entries ("."  +
+         * ".."), and only once we have seen if there's a third we know whether the dir is empty or not. If
+         * 'ignore_hidden_or_backup' is true we'll allocate a bit more, since we might skip over a bunch of
+         * entries that we end up ignoring. */
+        m = (ignore_hidden_or_backup ? 16 : 3) * DIRENT_SIZE_MAX;
+        buf = alloca(m);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct dirent *de;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                n = getdents64(fd, buf, m);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (n == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                assert((size_t) n <= m);
+                msan_unpoison(buf, n);
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT_IN_BUFFER(de, buf, n)
+                        if (!(ignore_hidden_or_backup ? hidden_or_backup_file(de->d_name) : dot_or_dot_dot(de->d_name)))
+                                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
+        assert(st);
+
+        if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
+                return true;
+
+        /* We don't want to hardcode the major/minor of /dev/null, hence we do a simpler "is this a character
+         * device node?" check. */
+
+        if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode))
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_path_with_root(const char *fn, const char *root) {
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fn);
+
+        /* A symlink to /dev/null or an empty file?
+         * When looking under root_dir, we can't expect /dev/ to be mounted,
+         * so let's see if the path is a (possibly dangling) symlink to /dev/null. */
+
+        if (path_equal_ptr(path_startswith(fn, root ?: "/"), "dev/null"))
+                return true;
+
+        r = chase_symlinks_and_stat(fn, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, NULL, &st, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path) {
+        struct statvfs st;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (statvfs(path, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (st.f_flag & ST_RDONLY)
+                return true;
+
+        /* On NFS, statvfs() might not reflect whether we can actually
+         * write to the remote share. Let's try again with
+         * access(W_OK) which is more reliable, at least sometimes. */
+        if (access(path, W_OK) < 0 && errno == EROFS)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb, int flags) {
+        struct stat a, b;
+
+        assert(filea);
+        assert(fileb);
+
+        if (fstatat(AT_FDCWD, filea, &a, flags) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Cannot stat %s: %m", filea);
+
+        if (fstatat(AT_FDCWD, fileb, &b, flags) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Cannot stat %s: %m", fileb);
+
+        return stat_inode_same(&a, &b);
+}
+
+bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        assert(s);
+        assert_cc(sizeof(statfs_f_type_t) >= sizeof(s->f_type));
+
+        return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, magic_value);
+}
+
+int fd_is_fs_type(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_fs_type(&s, magic_value);
+}
+
+int path_is_fs_type(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_fs_type(&s, magic_value);
+}
+
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
+        return fs_in_group(s, FILESYSTEM_SET_TEMPORARY);
+}
+
+bool is_network_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
+        return fs_in_group(s, FILESYSTEM_SET_NETWORK);
+}
+
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_temporary_fs(&s);
+}
+
+int fd_is_network_fs(int fd) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_network_fs(&s);
+}
+
+int path_is_temporary_fs(const char *path) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_temporary_fs(&s);
+}
+
+int path_is_network_fs(const char *path) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_network_fs(&s);
+}
+
+int stat_verify_regular(const struct stat *st) {
+        assert(st);
+
+        /* Checks whether the specified stat() structure refers to a regular file. If not returns an appropriate error
+         * code. */
+
+        if (S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+                return -EISDIR;
+
+        if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode))
+                return -ELOOP;
+
+        if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+                return -EBADFD;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_verify_regular(int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return stat_verify_regular(&st);
+}
+
+int stat_verify_directory(const struct stat *st) {
+        assert(st);
+
+        if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode))
+                return -ELOOP;
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+                return -ENOTDIR;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_verify_directory(int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return stat_verify_directory(&st);
+}
+
+int proc_mounted(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* A quick check of procfs is properly mounted */
+
+        r = path_is_fs_type("/proc/", PROC_SUPER_MAGIC);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* not mounted at all */
+                return false;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+bool stat_inode_same(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b) {
+
+        /* Returns if the specified stat structure references the same (though possibly modified) inode. Does
+         * a thorough check, comparing inode nr, backing device and if the inode is still of the same type. */
+
+        return a && b &&
+                (a->st_mode & S_IFMT) != 0 && /* We use the check for .st_mode if the structure was ever initialized */
+                ((a->st_mode ^ b->st_mode) & S_IFMT) == 0 &&  /* same inode type */
+                a->st_dev == b->st_dev &&
+                a->st_ino == b->st_ino;
+}
+
+bool stat_inode_unmodified(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b) {
+
+        /* Returns if the specified stat structures reference the same, unmodified inode. This check tries to
+         * be reasonably careful when detecting changes: we check both inode and mtime, to cater for file
+         * systems where mtimes are fixed to 0 (think: ostree/nixos type installations). We also check file
+         * size, backing device, inode type and if this refers to a device not the major/minor.
+         *
+         * Note that we don't care if file attributes such as ownership or access mode change, this here is
+         * about contents of the file. The purpose here is to detect file contents changes, and nothing
+         * else. */
+
+        return stat_inode_same(a, b) &&
+                a->st_mtim.tv_sec == b->st_mtim.tv_sec &&
+                a->st_mtim.tv_nsec == b->st_mtim.tv_nsec &&
+                (!S_ISREG(a->st_mode) || a->st_size == b->st_size) && /* if regular file, compare file size */
+                (!(S_ISCHR(a->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(a->st_mode)) || a->st_rdev == b->st_rdev); /* if device node, also compare major/minor, because we can */
+}
+
+bool statx_inode_same(const struct statx *a, const struct statx *b) {
+
+        /* Same as stat_inode_same() but for struct statx */
+
+        return a && b &&
+                FLAGS_SET(a->stx_mask, STATX_TYPE|STATX_INO) && FLAGS_SET(b->stx_mask, STATX_TYPE|STATX_INO) &&
+                (a->stx_mode & S_IFMT) != 0 &&
+                ((a->stx_mode ^ b->stx_mode) & S_IFMT) == 0 &&
+                a->stx_dev_major == b->stx_dev_major &&
+                a->stx_dev_minor == b->stx_dev_minor &&
+                a->stx_ino == b->stx_ino;
+}
+
+bool statx_mount_same(const struct new_statx *a, const struct new_statx *b) {
+        if (!a || !b)
+                return false;
+
+        /* if we have the mount ID, that's all we need */
+        if (FLAGS_SET(a->stx_mask, STATX_MNT_ID) && FLAGS_SET(b->stx_mask, STATX_MNT_ID))
+                return a->stx_mnt_id == b->stx_mnt_id;
+
+        /* Otherwise, major/minor of backing device must match */
+        return a->stx_dev_major == b->stx_dev_major &&
+                a->stx_dev_minor == b->stx_dev_minor;
+}
+
+int statx_fallback(int dfd, const char *path, int flags, unsigned mask, struct statx *sx) {
+        static bool avoid_statx = false;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (!avoid_statx) {
+                if (statx(dfd, path, flags, mask, sx) < 0) {
+                        if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) && errno != EPERM)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        /* If statx() is not supported or if we see EPERM (which might indicate seccomp
+                         * filtering or so), let's do a fallback. Not that on EACCES we'll not fall back,
+                         * since that is likely an indication of fs access issues, which we should
+                         * propagate */
+                } else
+                        return 0;
+
+                avoid_statx = true;
+        }
+
+        /* Only do fallback if fstatat() supports the flag too, or if it's one of the sync flags, which are
+         * OK to ignore */
+        if ((flags & ~(AT_EMPTY_PATH|AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT|AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW|
+                      AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT|AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC|AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC)) != 0)
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+        if (fstatat(dfd, path, &st, flags & (AT_EMPTY_PATH|AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT|AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *sx = (struct statx) {
+                .stx_mask = STATX_TYPE|STATX_MODE|
+                STATX_NLINK|STATX_UID|STATX_GID|
+                STATX_ATIME|STATX_MTIME|STATX_CTIME|
+                STATX_INO|STATX_SIZE|STATX_BLOCKS,
+                .stx_blksize = st.st_blksize,
+                .stx_nlink = st.st_nlink,
+                .stx_uid = st.st_uid,
+                .stx_gid = st.st_gid,
+                .stx_mode = st.st_mode,
+                .stx_ino = st.st_ino,
+                .stx_size = st.st_size,
+                .stx_blocks = st.st_blocks,
+                .stx_rdev_major = major(st.st_rdev),
+                .stx_rdev_minor = minor(st.st_rdev),
+                .stx_dev_major = major(st.st_dev),
+                .stx_dev_minor = minor(st.st_dev),
+                .stx_atime.tv_sec = st.st_atim.tv_sec,
+                .stx_atime.tv_nsec = st.st_atim.tv_nsec,
+                .stx_mtime.tv_sec = st.st_mtim.tv_sec,
+                .stx_mtime.tv_nsec = st.st_mtim.tv_nsec,
+                .stx_ctime.tv_sec = st.st_ctim.tv_sec,
+                .stx_ctime.tv_nsec = st.st_ctim.tv_nsec,
+        };
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/stat-util.h b/src/basic/stat-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9519d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stat-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_stat.h"
+
+int is_symlink(const char *path);
+int is_dir_full(int atfd, const char *fname, bool follow);
+static inline int is_dir(const char *path, bool follow) {
+        return is_dir_full(AT_FDCWD, path, follow);
+}
+static inline int is_dir_fd(int fd) {
+        return is_dir_full(fd, NULL, false);
+}
+int is_device_node(const char *path);
+
+int dir_is_empty_at(int dir_fd, const char *path, bool ignore_hidden_or_backup);
+static inline int dir_is_empty(const char *path, bool ignore_hidden_or_backup) {
+        return dir_is_empty_at(AT_FDCWD, path, ignore_hidden_or_backup);
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
+int null_or_empty_path_with_root(const char *fn, const char *root);
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd);
+
+static inline int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
+        return null_or_empty_path_with_root(fn, NULL);
+}
+
+int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path);
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb, int flags);
+
+/* The .f_type field of struct statfs is really weird defined on
+ * different archs. Let's give its type a name. */
+typedef typeof(((struct statfs*)NULL)->f_type) statfs_f_type_t;
+
+bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) _pure_;
+int fd_is_fs_type(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
+int path_is_fs_type(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
+
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) _pure_;
+bool is_network_fs(const struct statfs *s) _pure_;
+
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd);
+int fd_is_network_fs(int fd);
+
+int path_is_temporary_fs(const char *path);
+int path_is_network_fs(const char *path);
+
+/* Because statfs.t_type can be int on some architectures, we have to cast
+ * the const magic to the type, otherwise the compiler warns about
+ * signed/unsigned comparison, because the magic can be 32 bit unsigned.
+ */
+#define F_TYPE_EQUAL(a, b) (a == (typeof(a)) b)
+
+int stat_verify_regular(const struct stat *st);
+int fd_verify_regular(int fd);
+
+int stat_verify_directory(const struct stat *st);
+int fd_verify_directory(int fd);
+
+int proc_mounted(void);
+
+bool stat_inode_same(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b);
+bool stat_inode_unmodified(const struct stat *a, const struct stat *b);
+
+bool statx_inode_same(const struct statx *a, const struct statx *b);
+bool statx_mount_same(const struct new_statx *a, const struct new_statx *b);
+
+int statx_fallback(int dfd, const char *path, int flags, unsigned mask, struct statx *sx);
+
+#if HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER
+#  warning "Explicitly initializing struct statx, to work around msan limitation. Please remove as soon as msan has been updated to not require this."
+#  define STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(var)              \
+        struct statx var = {}
+#  define STRUCT_NEW_STATX_DEFINE(var)          \
+        union {                                 \
+                struct statx sx;                \
+                struct new_statx nsx;           \
+        } var = {}
+#else
+#  define STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(var)              \
+        struct statx var
+#  define STRUCT_NEW_STATX_DEFINE(var)          \
+        union {                                 \
+                struct statx sx;                \
+                struct new_statx nsx;           \
+        } var
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/static-destruct.h b/src/basic/static-destruct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97baac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/static-destruct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* A framework for registering static variables that shall be freed on shutdown of a process. It's a bit like gcc's
+ * destructor attribute, but allows us to precisely schedule when we want to free the variables. This is supposed to
+ * feel a bit like the gcc cleanup attribute, but for static variables. Note that this does not work for static
+ * variables declared in .so's, as the list is private to the same linking unit. But maybe that's a good thing. */
+
+typedef struct StaticDestructor {
+        void *data;
+        free_func_t destroy;
+} StaticDestructor;
+
+#define STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(variable, func) \
+        _STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(UNIQ, variable, func)
+
+#define _STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(uq, variable, func)                 \
+        /* Type-safe destructor */                                      \
+        static void UNIQ_T(static_destructor_wrapper, uq)(void *p) {    \
+                typeof(variable) *q = p;                                \
+                func(q);                                                \
+        }                                                               \
+        /* Older compilers don't know "retain" attribute. */            \
+        _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wattributes\"")              \
+        /* The actual destructor structure we place in a special section to find it. */ \
+        _section_("SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT")                            \
+        /* Use pointer alignment, since that is apparently what gcc does for static variables. */ \
+        _alignptr_                                                      \
+        /* Make sure this is not dropped from the image despite not being explicitly referenced. */ \
+        _used_                                                          \
+        /* Prevent garbage collection by the linker. */                 \
+        _retain_                                                        \
+        /* Make sure that AddressSanitizer doesn't pad this variable: we want everything in this section
+         * packed next to each other so that we can enumerate it. */     \
+        _variable_no_sanitize_address_                                  \
+        static const StaticDestructor UNIQ_T(static_destructor_entry, uq) = { \
+                .data = &(variable),                                    \
+                .destroy = UNIQ_T(static_destructor_wrapper, uq),       \
+        }
+
+/* Beginning and end of our section listing the destructors. We define these as weak as we want this to work
+ * even if no destructors are defined and the section is missing. */
+extern const struct StaticDestructor _weak_ __start_SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT[];
+extern const struct StaticDestructor _weak_ __stop_SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT[];
+
+/* The function to destroy everything. (Note that this must be static inline, as it's key that it remains in
+ * the same linking unit as the variables we want to destroy.) */
+static inline void static_destruct(void) {
+        const StaticDestructor *d;
+
+        if (!__start_SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT)
+                return;
+
+        d = ALIGN_PTR(__start_SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT);
+        while (d < __stop_SYSTEMD_STATIC_DESTRUCT) {
+                d->destroy(d->data);
+                d = ALIGN_PTR(d + 1);
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/stdio-util.h b/src/basic/stdio-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f647f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stdio-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <printf.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+
+#define snprintf_ok(buf, len, fmt, ...)                                 \
+        ({                                                              \
+                char *_buf = (buf);                                     \
+                size_t _len = (len);                                    \
+                int _snpf = snprintf(_buf, _len, (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+                _snpf >= 0 && (size_t) _snpf < _len ? _buf : NULL;      \
+        })
+
+#define xsprintf(buf, fmt, ...) \
+        assert_message_se(snprintf_ok(buf, ELEMENTSOF(buf), fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__), "xsprintf: " #buf "[] must be big enough")
+
+#define VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap)                                   \
+do {                                                                    \
+        int _argtypes[128];                                             \
+        size_t _i, _k;                                                  \
+        /* See https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/992 */       \
+        if (HAS_FEATURE_MEMORY_SANITIZER)                               \
+                zero(_argtypes);                                        \
+        _k = parse_printf_format((format), ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes), _argtypes); \
+        assert(_k < ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes));                             \
+        for (_i = 0; _i < _k; _i++) {                                   \
+                if (_argtypes[_i] & PA_FLAG_PTR)  {                     \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
+                        continue;                                       \
+                }                                                       \
+                                                                        \
+                switch (_argtypes[_i]) {                                \
+                case PA_INT:                                            \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_SHORT:                              \
+                case PA_CHAR:                                           \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, int);                         \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG:                               \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long int);                    \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG:                          \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long long int);               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_WCHAR:                                          \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, wchar_t);                     \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_WSTRING:                                        \
+                case PA_STRING:                                         \
+                case PA_POINTER:                                        \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_FLOAT:                                          \
+                case PA_DOUBLE:                                         \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, double);                      \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_DOUBLE|PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE:                     \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long double);                 \
+                        break;                                          \
+                default:                                                \
+                        assert_not_reached();                           \
+                }                                                       \
+        }                                                               \
+} while (false)
diff --git a/src/basic/strbuf.c b/src/basic/strbuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0617acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strbuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+/*
+ * Strbuf stores given strings in a single continuous allocated memory
+ * area. Identical strings are de-duplicated and return the same offset
+ * as the first string stored. If the tail of a string already exists
+ * in the buffer, the tail is returned.
+ *
+ * A trie (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trie) is used to maintain the
+ * information about the stored strings.
+ *
+ * Example of udev rules:
+ *   $ ./udevadm test .
+ *   ...
+ *   read rules file: /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/99-systemd.rules
+ *   rules contain 196608 bytes tokens (16384 * 12 bytes), 39742 bytes strings
+ *   23939 strings (207859 bytes), 20404 de-duplicated (171653 bytes), 3536 trie nodes used
+ *   ...
+ */
+
+struct strbuf* strbuf_new(void) {
+        struct strbuf *str;
+
+        str = new(struct strbuf, 1);
+        if (!str)
+                return NULL;
+        *str = (struct strbuf) {
+                .buf = new0(char, 1),
+                .root = new0(struct strbuf_node, 1),
+                .len = 1,
+                .nodes_count = 1,
+        };
+        if (!str->buf || !str->root) {
+                free(str->buf);
+                free(str->root);
+                return mfree(str);
+        }
+
+        return str;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf_node* strbuf_node_cleanup(struct strbuf_node *node) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < node->children_count; i++)
+                strbuf_node_cleanup(node->children[i].child);
+        free(node->children);
+        return mfree(node);
+}
+
+/* clean up trie data, leave only the string buffer */
+void strbuf_complete(struct strbuf *str) {
+        if (!str)
+                return;
+        if (str->root)
+                str->root = strbuf_node_cleanup(str->root);
+}
+
+/* clean up everything */
+struct strbuf* strbuf_free(struct strbuf *str) {
+        if (!str)
+                return NULL;
+
+        strbuf_complete(str);
+        free(str->buf);
+        return mfree(str);
+}
+
+static int strbuf_children_cmp(const struct strbuf_child_entry *n1,
+                               const struct strbuf_child_entry *n2) {
+        return n1->c - n2->c;
+}
+
+static void bubbleinsert(struct strbuf_node *node,
+                         uint8_t c,
+                         struct strbuf_node *node_child) {
+
+        struct strbuf_child_entry new = {
+                .c = c,
+                .child = node_child,
+        };
+        int left = 0, right = node->children_count;
+
+        while (right > left) {
+                int middle = (right + left) / 2 ;
+                if (strbuf_children_cmp(&node->children[middle], &new) <= 0)
+                        left = middle + 1;
+                else
+                        right = middle;
+        }
+
+        memmove(node->children + left + 1, node->children + left,
+                sizeof(struct strbuf_child_entry) * (node->children_count - left));
+        node->children[left] = new;
+
+        node->children_count++;
+}
+
+/* add string, return the index/offset into the buffer */
+ssize_t strbuf_add_string(struct strbuf *str, const char *s, size_t len) {
+        uint8_t c;
+        char *buf_new;
+        struct strbuf_child_entry *child;
+        struct strbuf_node *node;
+        ssize_t off;
+
+        if (!str->root)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* search string; start from last character to find possibly matching tails */
+
+        str->in_count++;
+        if (len == 0) {
+                str->dedup_count++;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        str->in_len += len;
+
+        node = str->root;
+        for (size_t depth = 0; depth <= len; depth++) {
+                struct strbuf_child_entry search;
+
+                /* match against current node */
+                off = node->value_off + node->value_len - len;
+                if (depth == len || (node->value_len >= len && memcmp(str->buf + off, s, len) == 0)) {
+                        str->dedup_len += len;
+                        str->dedup_count++;
+                        return off;
+                }
+
+                c = s[len - 1 - depth];
+
+                /* lookup child node */
+                search.c = c;
+                child = typesafe_bsearch(&search, node->children, node->children_count, strbuf_children_cmp);
+                if (!child)
+                        break;
+                node = child->child;
+        }
+
+        /* add new string */
+        buf_new = realloc(str->buf, str->len + len+1);
+        if (!buf_new)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        str->buf = buf_new;
+        off = str->len;
+        memcpy(str->buf + off, s, len);
+        str->len += len;
+        str->buf[str->len++] = '\0';
+
+        /* new node */
+        _cleanup_free_ struct strbuf_node *node_child = NULL;
+
+        node_child = new(struct strbuf_node, 1);
+        if (!node_child)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *node_child = (struct strbuf_node) {
+                .value_off = off,
+                .value_len = len,
+        };
+
+        /* extend array, add new entry, sort for bisection */
+        child = reallocarray(node->children, node->children_count + 1, sizeof(struct strbuf_child_entry));
+        if (!child)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        str->nodes_count++;
+
+        node->children = child;
+        bubbleinsert(node, c, TAKE_PTR(node_child));
+
+        return off;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/strbuf.h b/src/basic/strbuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6187c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strbuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+struct strbuf {
+        char *buf;
+        size_t len;
+        struct strbuf_node *root;
+
+        size_t nodes_count;
+        size_t in_count;
+        size_t in_len;
+        size_t dedup_len;
+        size_t dedup_count;
+};
+
+struct strbuf_node {
+        size_t value_off;
+        size_t value_len;
+
+        struct strbuf_child_entry *children;
+        uint8_t children_count;
+};
+
+struct strbuf_child_entry {
+        uint8_t c;
+        struct strbuf_node *child;
+};
+
+struct strbuf* strbuf_new(void);
+ssize_t strbuf_add_string(struct strbuf *str, const char *s, size_t len);
+void strbuf_complete(struct strbuf *str);
+struct strbuf* strbuf_free(struct strbuf *str);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct strbuf*, strbuf_free);
diff --git a/src/basic/string-table.c b/src/basic/string-table.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a63767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-table.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
+        if (!key)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
+                        return (ssize_t) i;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/string-table.h b/src/basic/string-table.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3a26a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key);
+
+/* For basic lookup tables with strictly enumerated entries */
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
+        scope const char *name##_to_string(type i) {                    \
+                if (i < 0 || i >= (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table))      \
+                        return NULL;                                    \
+                return name##_table[i];                                 \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
+        scope type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                  \
+                return (type) string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,scope) \
+        scope type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                  \
+                if (!s)                                                 \
+                        return -EINVAL;                                 \
+                int b = parse_boolean(s);                               \
+                if (b == 0)                                             \
+                        return (type) 0;                                \
+                if (b > 0)                                              \
+                        return yes;                                     \
+                return (type) string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,scope) \
+        scope int name##_to_string_alloc(type i, char **str) {          \
+                char *s;                                                \
+                if (i < 0 || i > max)                                   \
+                        return -ERANGE;                                 \
+                if (i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table) && name##_table[i]) { \
+                        s = strdup(name##_table[i]);                    \
+                        if (!s)                                         \
+                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
+                } else {                                                \
+                        if (asprintf(&s, "%i", i) < 0)                  \
+                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
+                }                                                       \
+                *str = s;                                               \
+                return 0;                                               \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,scope) \
+        scope type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                  \
+                unsigned u = 0;                                         \
+                type i;                                                 \
+                if (!s)                                                 \
+                        return -EINVAL;                                 \
+                i = (type) string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
+                if (i >= 0)                                             \
+                        return i;                                       \
+                if (safe_atou(s, &u) < 0)                               \
+                        return -EINVAL;                                 \
+                if (u > max)                                            \
+                        return -EINVAL;                                 \
+                return (type) u;                                        \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,scope)                    \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,scope)   \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,scope)
+
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,)
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,)
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,static)
+
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes) \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_WITH_BOOLEAN(name,type,yes,static)
+
+/* For string conversions where numbers are also acceptable */
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(name,type,max)         \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,)  \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,)
+
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max) \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max) \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING_FALLBACK(name,type,max,static)
+
+#define DUMP_STRING_TABLE(name,type,max)                                \
+        do {                                                            \
+                flockfile(stdout);                                      \
+                for (type _k = 0; _k < (max); _k++) {                   \
+                        const char *_t;                                 \
+                        _t = name##_to_string(_k);                      \
+                        if (!_t)                                        \
+                                continue;                               \
+                        fputs_unlocked(_t, stdout);                     \
+                        fputc_unlocked('\n', stdout);                   \
+                }                                                       \
+                funlockfile(stdout);                                    \
+        } while (false)
diff --git a/src/basic/string-util.c b/src/basic/string-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17d35fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1204 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "gunicode.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
+        size_t sl, wl;
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(word);
+
+        /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
+         * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
+         * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
+
+        sl = strlen(s);
+        wl = strlen(word);
+
+        if (sl < wl)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (wl == 0)
+                return (char*) s;
+
+        if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = s + wl;
+        if (*p == 0)
+                return (char*) p;
+
+        if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
+                return NULL;
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        return (char*) p;
+}
+
+char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
+        size_t a;
+        char *r;
+
+        if (!s && !suffix)
+                return strdup("");
+
+        if (!s)
+                return strndup(suffix, b);
+
+        if (!suffix)
+                return strdup(s);
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(suffix);
+
+        a = strlen(s);
+        if (b > SIZE_MAX - a)
+                return NULL;
+
+        r = new(char, a+b+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        memcpy(r, s, a);
+        memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
+        r[a+b] = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+char *strjoin_real(const char *x, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        size_t l = 1;
+        char *r, *p;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        for (const char *t = x; t; t = va_arg(ap, const char *)) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                n = strlen(t);
+                if (n > SIZE_MAX - l) {
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                l += n;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        p = r = new(char, l);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        for (const char *t = x; t; t = va_arg(ap, const char *))
+                p = stpcpy(p, t);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        *p = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+char *strstrip(char *s) {
+        if (!s)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
+
+        return delete_trailing_chars(skip_leading_chars(s, WHITESPACE), WHITESPACE);
+}
+
+char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
+        char *f, *t;
+
+        /* Drops all specified bad characters, regardless where in the string */
+
+        if (!s)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!bad)
+                bad = WHITESPACE;
+
+        for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
+                if (strchr(bad, *f))
+                        continue;
+
+                *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+char *delete_trailing_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
+        char *c = s;
+
+        /* Drops all specified bad characters, at the end of the string */
+
+        if (!s)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!bad)
+                bad = WHITESPACE;
+
+        for (char *p = s; *p; p++)
+                if (!strchr(bad, *p))
+                        c = p + 1;
+
+        *c = 0;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
+        return s;
+}
+
+char ascii_tolower(char x) {
+
+        if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z')
+                return x - 'A' + 'a';
+
+        return x;
+}
+
+char ascii_toupper(char x) {
+
+        if (x >= 'a' && x <= 'z')
+                return x - 'a' + 'A';
+
+        return x;
+}
+
+char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
+        assert(t);
+
+        for (char *p = t; *p; p++)
+                *p = ascii_tolower(*p);
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+char *ascii_strupper(char *t) {
+        assert(t);
+
+        for (char *p = t; *p; p++)
+                *p = ascii_toupper(*p);
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+char *ascii_strlower_n(char *t, size_t n) {
+        if (n <= 0)
+                return t;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                t[i] = ascii_tolower(t[i]);
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+int ascii_strcasecmp_n(const char *a, const char *b, size_t n) {
+
+        for (; n > 0; a++, b++, n--) {
+                int x, y;
+
+                x = (int) (uint8_t) ascii_tolower(*a);
+                y = (int) (uint8_t) ascii_tolower(*b);
+
+                if (x != y)
+                        return x - y;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int ascii_strcasecmp_nn(const char *a, size_t n, const char *b, size_t m) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = ascii_strcasecmp_n(a, b, MIN(n, m));
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return CMP(n, m);
+}
+
+bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
+        for (const char *p = a; *p; p++)
+                if (strchr(b, *p))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        /*
+         * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is
+         * non-NULL it may be a string containing additional CCs to be
+         * considered OK.
+         */
+
+        for (const char *t = p; *t; t++) {
+                if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (char_is_cc(*t))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int write_ellipsis(char *buf, bool unicode) {
+        if (unicode || is_locale_utf8()) {
+                buf[0] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
+                buf[1] = 0x80;
+                buf[2] = 0xa6;
+        } else {
+                buf[0] = '.';
+                buf[1] = '.';
+                buf[2] = '.';
+        }
+
+        return 3;
+}
+
+static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+        size_t x, need_space, suffix_len;
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(percent <= 100);
+        assert(new_length != SIZE_MAX);
+
+        if (old_length <= new_length)
+                return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+        /* Special case short ellipsations */
+        switch (new_length) {
+
+        case 0:
+                return strdup("");
+
+        case 1:
+                if (is_locale_utf8())
+                        return strdup("…");
+                else
+                        return strdup(".");
+
+        case 2:
+                if (!is_locale_utf8())
+                        return strdup("..");
+
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        /* Calculate how much space the ellipsis will take up. If we are in UTF-8 mode we only need space for one
+         * character ("…"), otherwise for three characters ("..."). Note that in both cases we need 3 bytes of storage,
+         * either for the UTF-8 encoded character or for three ASCII characters. */
+        need_space = is_locale_utf8() ? 1 : 3;
+
+        t = new(char, new_length+3);
+        if (!t)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(new_length >= need_space);
+
+        x = ((new_length - need_space) * percent + 50) / 100;
+        assert(x <= new_length - need_space);
+
+        memcpy(t, s, x);
+        write_ellipsis(t + x, false);
+        suffix_len = new_length - x - need_space;
+        memcpy(t + x + 3, s + old_length - suffix_len, suffix_len);
+        *(t + x + 3 + suffix_len) = '\0';
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+        size_t x, k, len, len2;
+        const char *i, *j;
+        char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Note that 'old_length' refers to bytes in the string, while 'new_length' refers to character cells taken up
+         * on screen. This distinction doesn't matter for ASCII strings, but it does matter for non-ASCII UTF-8
+         * strings.
+         *
+         * Ellipsation is done in a locale-dependent way:
+         * 1. If the string passed in is fully ASCII and the current locale is not UTF-8, three dots are used ("...")
+         * 2. Otherwise, a unicode ellipsis is used ("…")
+         *
+         * In other words: you'll get a unicode ellipsis as soon as either the string contains non-ASCII characters or
+         * the current locale is UTF-8.
+         */
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(percent <= 100);
+
+        if (new_length == SIZE_MAX)
+                return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+        if (new_length == 0)
+                return strdup("");
+
+        /* If no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
+        if (ascii_is_valid_n(s, old_length))
+                return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
+
+        x = ((new_length - 1) * percent) / 100;
+        assert(x <= new_length - 1);
+
+        k = 0;
+        for (i = s; i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
+                char32_t c;
+                int w;
+
+                r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i, &c);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                w = unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+                if (k + w <= x)
+                        k += w;
+                else
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        for (j = s + old_length; j > i; ) {
+                char32_t c;
+                int w;
+                const char *jj;
+
+                jj = utf8_prev_char(j);
+                r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(jj, &c);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                w = unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+                if (k + w <= new_length) {
+                        k += w;
+                        j = jj;
+                } else
+                        break;
+        }
+        assert(i <= j);
+
+        /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
+        if (i == j)
+                return memdup_suffix0(s, old_length);
+
+        /* make space for ellipsis, if possible */
+        if (j < s + old_length)
+                j = utf8_next_char(j);
+        else if (i > s)
+                i = utf8_prev_char(i);
+
+        len = i - s;
+        len2 = s + old_length - j;
+        e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
+        if (!e)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /*
+        printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
+               old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
+        */
+
+        memcpy(e, s, len);
+        write_ellipsis(e + len, true);
+        memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2);
+        *(e + len + 3 + len2) = '\0';
+
+        return e;
+}
+
+char *cellescape(char *buf, size_t len, const char *s) {
+        /* Escape and ellipsize s into buffer buf of size len. Only non-control ASCII
+         * characters are copied as they are, everything else is escaped. The result
+         * is different then if escaping and ellipsization was performed in two
+         * separate steps, because each sequence is either stored in full or skipped.
+         *
+         * This function should be used for logging about strings which expected to
+         * be plain ASCII in a safe way.
+         *
+         * An ellipsis will be used if s is too long. It was always placed at the
+         * very end.
+         */
+
+        size_t i = 0, last_char_width[4] = {}, k = 0;
+
+        assert(len > 0); /* at least a terminating NUL */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char four[4];
+                int w;
+
+                if (*s == 0) /* terminating NUL detected? then we are done! */
+                        goto done;
+
+                w = cescape_char(*s, four);
+                if (i + w + 1 > len) /* This character doesn't fit into the buffer anymore? In that case let's
+                                      * ellipsize at the previous location */
+                        break;
+
+                /* OK, there was space, let's add this escaped character to the buffer */
+                memcpy(buf + i, four, w);
+                i += w;
+
+                /* And remember its width in the ring buffer */
+                last_char_width[k] = w;
+                k = (k + 1) % 4;
+
+                s++;
+        }
+
+        /* Ellipsation is necessary. This means we might need to truncate the string again to make space for 4
+         * characters ideally, but the buffer is shorter than that in the first place take what we can get */
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(last_char_width); j++) {
+
+                if (i + 4 <= len) /* nice, we reached our space goal */
+                        break;
+
+                k = k == 0 ? 3 : k - 1;
+                if (last_char_width[k] == 0) /* bummer, we reached the beginning of the strings */
+                        break;
+
+                assert(i >= last_char_width[k]);
+                i -= last_char_width[k];
+        }
+
+        if (i + 4 <= len) /* yay, enough space */
+                i += write_ellipsis(buf + i, false);
+        else if (i + 3 <= len) { /* only space for ".." */
+                buf[i++] = '.';
+                buf[i++] = '.';
+        } else if (i + 2 <= len) /* only space for a single "." */
+                buf[i++] = '.';
+        else
+                assert(i + 1 <= len);
+
+ done:
+        buf[i] = '\0';
+        return buf;
+}
+
+char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (strnlen(s, l+1) > l)
+                s[l] = 0;
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+int strgrowpad0(char **s, size_t l) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        char *q = realloc(*s, l);
+        if (!q)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *s = q;
+
+        size_t sz = strlen(*s);
+        memzero(*s + sz, l - sz);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
+        size_t l, old_len, new_len;
+        char *t, *ret = NULL;
+        const char *f;
+
+        assert(old_string);
+        assert(new_string);
+
+        if (!text)
+                return NULL;
+
+        old_len = strlen(old_string);
+        new_len = strlen(new_string);
+
+        l = strlen(text);
+        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(ret, l+1))
+                return NULL;
+
+        f = text;
+        t = ret;
+        while (*f) {
+                size_t d, nl;
+
+                if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
+                        *(t++) = *(f++);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                d = t - ret;
+                nl = l - old_len + new_len;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(ret, nl + 1))
+                        return mfree(ret);
+
+                l = nl;
+                t = ret + d;
+
+                t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
+                f += old_len;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static void advance_offsets(
+                ssize_t diff,
+                size_t offsets[2], /* note: we can't use [static 2] here, since this may be NULL */
+                size_t shift[static 2],
+                size_t size) {
+
+        if (!offsets)
+                return;
+
+        assert(shift);
+
+        if ((size_t) diff < offsets[0])
+                shift[0] += size;
+        if ((size_t) diff < offsets[1])
+                shift[1] += size;
+}
+
+char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz, size_t highlight[2]) {
+        const char *begin = NULL;
+        enum {
+                STATE_OTHER,
+                STATE_ESCAPE,
+                STATE_CSI,
+                STATE_CSO,
+        } state = STATE_OTHER;
+        char *obuf = NULL;
+        size_t osz = 0, isz, shift[2] = {}, n_carriage_returns = 0;
+        FILE *f;
+
+        assert(ibuf);
+        assert(*ibuf);
+
+        /* This does three things:
+         *
+         * 1. Replaces TABs by 8 spaces
+         * 2. Strips ANSI color sequences (a subset of CSI), i.e. ESC '[' … 'm' sequences
+         * 3. Strips ANSI operating system sequences (CSO), i.e. ESC ']' … BEL sequences
+         * 4. Strip trailing \r characters (since they would "move the cursor", but have no
+         *    other effect).
+         *
+         * Everything else will be left as it is. In particular other ANSI sequences are left as they are, as
+         * are any other special characters. Truncated ANSI sequences are left-as is too. This call is
+         * supposed to suppress the most basic formatting noise, but nothing else.
+         *
+         * Why care for CSO sequences? Well, to undo what terminal_urlify() and friends generate. */
+
+        isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
+
+        /* Note we turn off internal locking on f for performance reasons. It's safe to do so since we
+         * created f here and it doesn't leave our scope. */
+        f = open_memstream_unlocked(&obuf, &osz);
+        if (!f)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (const char *i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
+
+                switch (state) {
+
+                case STATE_OTHER:
+                        if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
+                                break;
+
+                        if (*i == '\r') {
+                                n_carriage_returns++;
+                                break;
+                        } else if (*i == '\n')
+                                /* Ignore carriage returns before new line */
+                                n_carriage_returns = 0;
+                        for (; n_carriage_returns > 0; n_carriage_returns--)
+                                fputc('\r', f);
+
+                        if (*i == '\x1B')
+                                state = STATE_ESCAPE;
+                        else if (*i == '\t') {
+                                fputs("        ", f);
+                                advance_offsets(i - *ibuf, highlight, shift, 7);
+                        } else
+                                fputc(*i, f);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case STATE_ESCAPE:
+                        assert(n_carriage_returns == 0);
+
+                        if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
+                                fputc('\x1B', f);
+                                advance_offsets(i - *ibuf, highlight, shift, 1);
+                                break;
+                        } else if (*i == '[') { /* ANSI CSI */
+                                state = STATE_CSI;
+                                begin = i + 1;
+                        } else if (*i == ']') { /* ANSI CSO */
+                                state = STATE_CSO;
+                                begin = i + 1;
+                        } else {
+                                fputc('\x1B', f);
+                                fputc(*i, f);
+                                advance_offsets(i - *ibuf, highlight, shift, 1);
+                                state = STATE_OTHER;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case STATE_CSI:
+                        assert(n_carriage_returns == 0);
+
+                        if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT … */
+                            !strchr("01234567890;m", *i)) { /* … or invalid chars in sequence */
+                                fputc('\x1B', f);
+                                fputc('[', f);
+                                advance_offsets(i - *ibuf, highlight, shift, 2);
+                                state = STATE_OTHER;
+                                i = begin-1;
+                        } else if (*i == 'm')
+                                state = STATE_OTHER;
+
+                        break;
+
+                case STATE_CSO:
+                        assert(n_carriage_returns == 0);
+
+                        if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT … */
+                            (*i != '\a' && (uint8_t) *i < 32U) || (uint8_t) *i > 126U) { /* … or invalid chars in sequence */
+                                fputc('\x1B', f);
+                                fputc(']', f);
+                                advance_offsets(i - *ibuf, highlight, shift, 2);
+                                state = STATE_OTHER;
+                                i = begin-1;
+                        } else if (*i == '\a')
+                                state = STATE_OTHER;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (fflush_and_check(f) < 0) {
+                fclose(f);
+                return mfree(obuf);
+        }
+        fclose(f);
+
+        free_and_replace(*ibuf, obuf);
+
+        if (_isz)
+                *_isz = osz;
+
+        if (highlight) {
+                highlight[0] += shift[0];
+                highlight[1] += shift[1];
+        }
+
+        return *ibuf;
+}
+
+char *strextend_with_separator_internal(char **x, const char *separator, ...) {
+        size_t f, l, l_separator;
+        bool need_separator;
+        char *nr, *p;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        assert(x);
+
+        l = f = strlen_ptr(*x);
+
+        need_separator = !isempty(*x);
+        l_separator = strlen_ptr(separator);
+
+        va_start(ap, separator);
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *t;
+                size_t n;
+
+                t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+                if (!t)
+                        break;
+
+                n = strlen(t);
+
+                if (need_separator)
+                        n += l_separator;
+
+                if (n >= SIZE_MAX - l) {
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                l += n;
+                need_separator = true;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        need_separator = !isempty(*x);
+
+        nr = realloc(*x, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(l+1));
+        if (!nr)
+                return NULL;
+
+        *x = nr;
+        p = nr + f;
+
+        va_start(ap, separator);
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *t;
+
+                t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+                if (!t)
+                        break;
+
+                if (need_separator && separator)
+                        p = stpcpy(p, separator);
+
+                p = stpcpy(p, t);
+
+                need_separator = true;
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        assert(p == nr + l);
+
+        *p = 0;
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int strextendf_with_separator(char **x, const char *separator, const char *format, ...) {
+        size_t m, a, l_separator;
+        va_list ap;
+        int l;
+
+        /* Appends a formatted string to the specified string. Don't use this in inner loops, since then
+         * we'll spend a tonload of time in determining the length of the string passed in, over and over
+         * again. */
+
+        assert(x);
+        assert(format);
+
+        l_separator = isempty(*x) ? 0 : strlen_ptr(separator);
+
+        /* Let's try to use the allocated buffer, if there's room at the end still. Otherwise let's extend by 64 chars. */
+        if (*x) {
+                m = strlen(*x);
+                a = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*x);
+                assert(a >= m + 1);
+        } else
+                m = a = 0;
+
+        if (a - m < 17 + l_separator) { /* if there's less than 16 chars space, then enlarge the buffer first */
+                char *n;
+
+                if (_unlikely_(l_separator > SIZE_MAX - 64)) /* overflow check #1 */
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                if (_unlikely_(m > SIZE_MAX - 64 - l_separator)) /* overflow check #2 */
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n = realloc(*x, m + 64 + l_separator);
+                if (!n)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *x = n;
+                a = MALLOC_SIZEOF_SAFE(*x);
+        }
+
+        /* Now, let's try to format the string into it */
+        memcpy_safe(*x + m, separator, l_separator);
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        l = vsnprintf(*x + m + l_separator, a - m - l_separator, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        assert(l >= 0);
+
+        if ((size_t) l < a - m - l_separator) {
+                char *n;
+
+                /* Nice! This worked. We are done. But first, let's return the extra space we don't
+                 * need. This should be a cheap operation, since we only lower the allocation size here,
+                 * never increase. */
+                n = realloc(*x, m + (size_t) l + l_separator + 1);
+                if (n)
+                        *x = n;
+        } else {
+                char *n;
+
+                /* Wasn't enough. Then let's allocate exactly what we need. */
+
+                if (_unlikely_((size_t) l > SIZE_MAX - (l_separator + 1))) /* overflow check #1 */
+                        goto oom;
+                if (_unlikely_(m > SIZE_MAX - ((size_t) l + l_separator + 1))) /* overflow check #2 */
+                        goto oom;
+
+                a = m + (size_t) l + l_separator + 1;
+                n = realloc(*x, a);
+                if (!n)
+                        goto oom;
+                *x = n;
+
+                va_start(ap, format);
+                l = vsnprintf(*x + m + l_separator, a - m - l_separator, format, ap);
+                va_end(ap);
+
+                assert((size_t) l < a - m - l_separator);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+
+oom:
+        /* truncate the bytes added after the first vsnprintf() attempt again */
+        (*x)[m] = 0;
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
+        char *r, *p;
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        l = strlen(s);
+        p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                p = stpcpy(p, s);
+
+        *p = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
+        char *x, *a, *b;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(sep);
+        assert(l);
+        assert(r);
+
+        if (isempty(sep))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        x = strstr(s, sep);
+        if (!x)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        a = strndup(s, x - s);
+        if (!a)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
+        if (!b) {
+                free(a);
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *l = a;
+        *r = b;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* Replaces a string pointer with a strdup()ed new string,
+         * possibly freeing the old one. */
+
+        if (streq_ptr(*p, s))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (s) {
+                t = strdup(s);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else
+                t = NULL;
+
+        free(*p);
+        *p = t;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int free_and_strndup(char **p, const char *s, size_t l) {
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(s || l == 0);
+
+        /* Replaces a string pointer with a strndup()ed new string,
+         * freeing the old one. */
+
+        if (!*p && !s)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (*p && s && strneq(*p, s, l) && (l > strlen(*p) || (*p)[l] == '\0'))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (s) {
+                t = strndup(s, l);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else
+                t = NULL;
+
+        free_and_replace(*p, t);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        /* Checks if the specified string contains no quotes or control characters */
+
+        for (const char *t = p; *t; t++) {
+                if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ') /* no control characters */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (strchr(QUOTES "\\\x7f", *t))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char* string_erase(char *x) {
+        if (!x)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* A delicious drop of snake-oil! To be called on memory where we stored passphrases or so, after we
+         * used them. */
+        explicit_bzero_safe(x, strlen(x));
+        return x;
+}
+
+int string_truncate_lines(const char *s, size_t n_lines, char **ret) {
+        const char *p = s, *e = s;
+        bool truncation_applied = false;
+        char *copy;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Truncate after the specified number of lines. Returns > 0 if a truncation was applied or == 0 if
+         * there were fewer lines in the string anyway. Trailing newlines on input are ignored, and not
+         * generated either. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t k;
+
+                k = strcspn(p, "\n");
+
+                if (p[k] == 0) {
+                        if (k == 0) /* final empty line */
+                                break;
+
+                        if (n >= n_lines) /* above threshold */
+                                break;
+
+                        e = p + k; /* last line to include */
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                assert(p[k] == '\n');
+
+                if (n >= n_lines)
+                        break;
+
+                if (k > 0)
+                        e = p + k;
+
+                p += k + 1;
+                n++;
+        }
+
+        /* e points after the last character we want to keep */
+        if (isempty(e))
+                copy = strdup(s);
+        else {
+                if (!in_charset(e, "\n")) /* We only consider things truncated if we remove something that
+                                           * isn't a new-line or a series of them */
+                        truncation_applied = true;
+
+                copy = strndup(s, e - s);
+        }
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = copy;
+        return truncation_applied;
+}
+
+int string_extract_line(const char *s, size_t i, char **ret) {
+        const char *p = s;
+        size_t c = 0;
+
+        /* Extract the i'nth line from the specified string. Returns > 0 if there are more lines after that,
+         * and == 0 if we are looking at the last line or already beyond the last line. As special
+         * optimization, if the first line is requested and the string only consists of one line we return
+         * NULL, indicating the input string should be used as is, and avoid a memory allocation for a very
+         * common case. */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *q;
+
+                q = strchr(p, '\n');
+                if (i == c) {
+                        /* The line we are looking for! */
+
+                        if (q) {
+                                char *m;
+
+                                m = strndup(p, q - p);
+                                if (!m)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                *ret = m;
+                                return !isempty(q + 1); /* more coming? */
+                        } else {
+                                if (p == s)
+                                        *ret = NULL; /* Just use the input string */
+                                else {
+                                        char *m;
+
+                                        m = strdup(p);
+                                        if (!m)
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                        *ret = m;
+                                }
+
+                                return 0; /* The end */
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (!q) {
+                        char *m;
+
+                        /* No more lines, return empty line */
+
+                        m = strdup("");
+                        if (!m)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *ret = m;
+                        return 0; /* The end */
+                }
+
+                p = q + 1;
+                c++;
+        }
+}
+
+int string_contains_word_strv(const char *string, const char *separators, char **words, const char **ret_word) {
+        /* In the default mode with no separators specified, we split on whitespace and
+         * don't coalesce separators. */
+        const ExtractFlags flags = separators ? EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS : 0;
+
+        const char *found = NULL;
+
+        for (const char *p = string;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *w = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &w, separators, flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                found = strv_find(words, w);
+                if (found)
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_word)
+                *ret_word = found;
+        return !!found;
+}
+
+bool streq_skip_trailing_chars(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *ok) {
+        if (!s1 && !s2)
+                return true;
+        if (!s1 || !s2)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!ok)
+                ok = WHITESPACE;
+
+        for (; *s1 && *s2; s1++, s2++)
+                if (*s1 != *s2)
+                        break;
+
+        return in_charset(s1, ok) && in_charset(s2, ok);
+}
+
+char *string_replace_char(char *str, char old_char, char new_char) {
+        assert(str);
+        assert(old_char != '\0');
+        assert(new_char != '\0');
+        assert(old_char != new_char);
+
+        for (char *p = strchr(str, old_char); p; p = strchr(p + 1, old_char))
+                *p = new_char;
+
+        return str;
+}
+
+size_t strspn_from_end(const char *str, const char *accept) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        if (isempty(str))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (isempty(accept))
+                return 0;
+
+        for (const char *p = str + strlen(str); p > str && strchr(accept, p[-1]); p--)
+                n++;
+
+        return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/string-util.h b/src/basic/string-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..913a96f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util-fundamental.h"
+
+/* What is interpreted as whitespace? */
+#define WHITESPACE          " \t\n\r"
+#define NEWLINE             "\n\r"
+#define QUOTES              "\"\'"
+#define COMMENTS            "#;"
+#define GLOB_CHARS          "*?["
+#define DIGITS              "0123456789"
+#define LOWERCASE_LETTERS   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define UPPERCASE_LETTERS   "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+#define LETTERS             LOWERCASE_LETTERS UPPERCASE_LETTERS
+#define ALPHANUMERICAL      LETTERS DIGITS
+#define HEXDIGITS           DIGITS "abcdefABCDEF"
+#define LOWERCASE_HEXDIGITS DIGITS "abcdef"
+
+static inline char* strstr_ptr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+        if (!haystack || !needle)
+                return NULL;
+        return strstr(haystack, needle);
+}
+
+static inline char *strstrafter(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
+        char *p;
+
+        /* Returns NULL if not found, or pointer to first character after needle if found */
+
+        p = strstr_ptr(haystack, needle);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return p + strlen(needle);
+}
+
+static inline const char* strnull(const char *s) {
+        return s ?: "(null)";
+}
+
+static inline const char *strna(const char *s) {
+        return s ?: "n/a";
+}
+
+static inline const char* true_false(bool b) {
+        return b ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
+static inline const char* plus_minus(bool b) {
+        return b ? "+" : "-";
+}
+
+static inline const char* one_zero(bool b) {
+        return b ? "1" : "0";
+}
+
+static inline const char* enable_disable(bool b) {
+        return b ? "enable" : "disable";
+}
+
+static inline const char *empty_to_null(const char *p) {
+        return isempty(p) ? NULL : p;
+}
+
+static inline const char *empty_to_na(const char *p) {
+        return isempty(p) ? "n/a" : p;
+}
+
+static inline const char *empty_to_dash(const char *str) {
+        return isempty(str) ? "-" : str;
+}
+
+static inline bool empty_or_dash(const char *str) {
+        return !str ||
+                str[0] == 0 ||
+                (str[0] == '-' && str[1] == 0);
+}
+
+static inline const char *empty_or_dash_to_null(const char *p) {
+        return empty_or_dash(p) ? NULL : p;
+}
+
+char *first_word(const char *s, const char *word) _pure_;
+
+char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t length);
+
+char *strjoin_real(const char *x, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define strjoin(a, ...) strjoin_real((a), __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+
+#define strjoina(a, ...)                                                \
+        ({                                                              \
+                const char *_appendees_[] = { a, __VA_ARGS__ };         \
+                char *_d_, *_p_;                                        \
+                size_t _len_ = 0;                                       \
+                size_t _i_;                                             \
+                for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
+                        _len_ += strlen(_appendees_[_i_]);              \
+                _p_ = _d_ = newa(char, _len_ + 1);                      \
+                for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
+                        _p_ = stpcpy(_p_, _appendees_[_i_]);            \
+                *_p_ = 0;                                               \
+                _d_;                                                    \
+        })
+
+char *strstrip(char *s);
+char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad);
+char *delete_trailing_chars(char *s, const char *bad);
+char *truncate_nl(char *s);
+
+static inline char *skip_leading_chars(const char *s, const char *bad) {
+        if (!s)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!bad)
+                bad = WHITESPACE;
+
+        return (char*) s + strspn(s, bad);
+}
+
+char ascii_tolower(char x);
+char *ascii_strlower(char *s);
+char *ascii_strlower_n(char *s, size_t n);
+
+char ascii_toupper(char x);
+char *ascii_strupper(char *s);
+
+int ascii_strcasecmp_n(const char *a, const char *b, size_t n);
+int ascii_strcasecmp_nn(const char *a, size_t n, const char *b, size_t m);
+
+bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
+
+static inline bool _pure_ in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
+        assert(s);
+        assert(charset);
+        return s[strspn(s, charset)] == '\0';
+}
+
+static inline bool char_is_cc(char p) {
+        /* char is unsigned on some architectures, e.g. aarch64. So, compiler may warn the condition
+         * p >= 0 is always true. See #19543. Hence, let's cast to unsigned before the comparison. Note
+         * that the cast in the right hand side is redundant, as according to the C standard, compilers
+         * automatically cast a signed value to unsigned when comparing with an unsigned variable. Just
+         * for safety and readability. */
+        return (uint8_t) p < (uint8_t) ' ' || p == 127;
+}
+bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) _pure_;
+
+char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length_bytes, size_t new_length_columns, unsigned percent);
+static inline char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
+        return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
+}
+
+char *cellescape(char *buf, size_t len, const char *s);
+
+/* This limit is arbitrary, enough to give some idea what the string contains */
+#define CELLESCAPE_DEFAULT_LENGTH 64
+
+char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l);
+
+int strgrowpad0(char **s, size_t l);
+
+char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string);
+
+char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz, size_t highlight[2]);
+
+char *strextend_with_separator_internal(char **x, const char *separator, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define strextend_with_separator(x, separator, ...) strextend_with_separator_internal(x, separator, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+#define strextend(x, ...) strextend_with_separator_internal(x, NULL, __VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+
+int strextendf_with_separator(char **x, const char *separator, const char *format, ...) _printf_(3,4);
+#define strextendf(x, ...) strextendf_with_separator(x, NULL, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n);
+
+int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r);
+
+int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s);
+static inline int free_and_strdup_warn(char **p, const char *s) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(p, s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+        return r;
+}
+int free_and_strndup(char **p, const char *s, size_t l);
+
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
+
+DISABLE_WARNING_STRINGOP_TRUNCATION;
+static inline void strncpy_exact(char *buf, const char *src, size_t buf_len) {
+        strncpy(buf, src, buf_len);
+}
+REENABLE_WARNING;
+
+/* Like startswith_no_case(), but operates on arbitrary memory blocks.
+ * It works only for ASCII strings.
+ */
+static inline void *memory_startswith_no_case(const void *p, size_t sz, const char *token) {
+        assert(token);
+
+        size_t n = strlen(token);
+        if (sz < n)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                if (ascii_tolower(((char *)p)[i]) != ascii_tolower(token[i]))
+                        return NULL;
+
+        return (uint8_t*) p + n;
+}
+
+static inline char* str_realloc(char *p) {
+        /* Reallocate *p to actual size. Ignore failure, and return the original string on error. */
+
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return realloc(p, strlen(p) + 1) ?: p;
+}
+
+char* string_erase(char *x);
+
+int string_truncate_lines(const char *s, size_t n_lines, char **ret);
+int string_extract_line(const char *s, size_t i, char **ret);
+
+int string_contains_word_strv(const char *string, const char *separators, char **words, const char **ret_word);
+static inline int string_contains_word(const char *string, const char *separators, const char *word) {
+        return string_contains_word_strv(string, separators, STRV_MAKE(word), NULL);
+}
+
+bool streq_skip_trailing_chars(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *ok);
+
+char *string_replace_char(char *str, char old_char, char new_char);
+
+size_t strspn_from_end(const char *str, const char *accept);
diff --git a/src/basic/strv.c b/src/basic/strv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3616134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "nulstr-util.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+char* strv_find(char * const *l, const char *name) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (streq(*i, name))
+                        return *i;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char* strv_find_case(char * const *l, const char *name) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (strcaseeq(*i, name))
+                        return *i;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char* strv_find_prefix(char * const *l, const char *name) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (startswith(*i, name))
+                        return *i;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char* strv_find_startswith(char * const *l, const char *name) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* Like strv_find_prefix, but actually returns only the
+         * suffix, not the whole item */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                char *e;
+
+                e = startswith(*i, name);
+                if (e)
+                        return e;
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char** strv_free(char **l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(k, l)
+                free(*k);
+
+        return mfree(l);
+}
+
+char** strv_free_erase(char **l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                erase_and_freep(i);
+
+        return mfree(l);
+}
+
+char** strv_copy(char * const *l) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **result = NULL;
+        char **k;
+
+        result = new(char*, strv_length(l) + 1);
+        if (!result)
+                return NULL;
+
+        k = result;
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                *k = strdup(*i);
+                if (!*k)
+                        return NULL;
+                k++;
+        }
+
+        *k = NULL;
+        return TAKE_PTR(result);
+}
+
+int strv_copy_unless_empty(char * const *l, char ***ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        char **copy = strv_copy(l);
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(copy);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+size_t strv_length(char * const *l) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                n++;
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+char** strv_new_ap(const char *x, va_list ap) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0, i = 0;
+        va_list aq;
+
+        /* As a special trick we ignore all listed strings that equal
+         * STRV_IGNORE. This is supposed to be used with the
+         * STRV_IFNOTNULL() macro to include possibly NULL strings in
+         * the string list. */
+
+        va_copy(aq, ap);
+        for (const char *s = x; s; s = va_arg(aq, const char*)) {
+                if (s == STRV_IGNORE)
+                        continue;
+
+                n++;
+        }
+        va_end(aq);
+
+        a = new(char*, n+1);
+        if (!a)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (const char *s = x; s; s = va_arg(ap, const char*)) {
+                if (s == STRV_IGNORE)
+                        continue;
+
+                a[i] = strdup(s);
+                if (!a[i])
+                        return NULL;
+
+                i++;
+        }
+
+        a[i] = NULL;
+
+        return TAKE_PTR(a);
+}
+
+char** strv_new_internal(const char *x, ...) {
+        char **r;
+        va_list ap;
+
+        va_start(ap, x);
+        r = strv_new_ap(x, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_extend_strv(char ***a, char * const *b, bool filter_duplicates) {
+        size_t p, q, i = 0;
+        char **t;
+
+        assert(a);
+
+        if (strv_isempty(b))
+                return 0;
+
+        p = strv_length(*a);
+        q = strv_length(b);
+
+        if (p >= SIZE_MAX - q)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        t = reallocarray(*a, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(p + q + 1), sizeof(char *));
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        t[p] = NULL;
+        *a = t;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, b) {
+                if (filter_duplicates && strv_contains(t, *s))
+                        continue;
+
+                t[p+i] = strdup(*s);
+                if (!t[p+i])
+                        goto rollback;
+
+                i++;
+                t[p+i] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        assert(i <= q);
+
+        return (int) i;
+
+rollback:
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
+                free(t[p + j]);
+
+        t[p] = NULL;
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+int strv_extend_strv_concat(char ***a, char * const *b, const char *suffix) {
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, b) {
+                char *v;
+
+                v = strjoin(*s, suffix);
+                if (!v)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = strv_push(a, v);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        free(v);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int strv_split_newlines_full(char ***ret, const char *s, ExtractFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        size_t n;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Special version of strv_split_full() that splits on newlines and
+         * suppresses an empty string at the end. */
+
+        r = strv_split_full(&l, s, NEWLINE, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = strv_length(l);
+        if (n > 0 && isempty(l[n - 1])) {
+                l[n - 1] = mfree(l[n - 1]);
+                n--;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+        return n;
+}
+
+int strv_split_full(char ***t, const char *s, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(s);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&s, &word, separators, flags);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, n + 2))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l[n++] = TAKE_PTR(word);
+                l[n] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (!l) {
+                l = new0(char*, 1);
+                if (!l)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *t = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return (int) n;
+}
+
+int strv_split_and_extend_full(char ***t, const char *s, const char *separators, bool filter_duplicates, ExtractFlags flags) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = strv_split_full(&l, s, separators, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = strv_extend_strv(t, l, filter_duplicates);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return (int) strv_length(*t);
+}
+
+int strv_split_colon_pairs(char ***t, const char *s) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(s);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *first = NULL, *second = NULL, *tuple = NULL, *second_or_empty = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&s, &tuple, NULL, EXTRACT_UNQUOTE|EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                const char *p = tuple;
+                r = extract_many_words(&p, ":", EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE|EXTRACT_UNESCAPE_SEPARATORS,
+                                       &first, &second, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+                /* Enforce that at most 2 colon-separated words are contained in each group */
+                if (!isempty(p))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                second_or_empty = strdup(strempty(second));
+                if (!second_or_empty)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, n + 3))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l[n++] = TAKE_PTR(first);
+                l[n++] = TAKE_PTR(second_or_empty);
+
+                l[n] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (!l) {
+                l = new0(char*, 1);
+                if (!l)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *t = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return (int) n;
+}
+
+char* strv_join_full(char * const *l, const char *separator, const char *prefix, bool escape_separator) {
+        char *r, *e;
+        size_t n, k, m;
+
+        if (!separator)
+                separator = " ";
+
+        k = strlen(separator);
+        m = strlen_ptr(prefix);
+
+        if (escape_separator) /* If the separator was multi-char, we wouldn't know how to escape it. */
+                assert(k == 1);
+
+        n = 0;
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                if (s != l)
+                        n += k;
+
+                bool needs_escaping = escape_separator && strchr(*s, *separator);
+
+                n += m + strlen(*s) * (1 + needs_escaping);
+        }
+
+        r = new(char, n+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        e = r;
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                if (s != l)
+                        e = stpcpy(e, separator);
+
+                if (prefix)
+                        e = stpcpy(e, prefix);
+
+                bool needs_escaping = escape_separator && strchr(*s, *separator);
+
+                if (needs_escaping)
+                        for (size_t i = 0; (*s)[i]; i++) {
+                                if ((*s)[i] == *separator)
+                                        *(e++) = '\\';
+                                *(e++) = (*s)[i];
+                        }
+                else
+                        e = stpcpy(e, *s);
+        }
+
+        *e = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_push_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, char *value) {
+        /* n is a pointer to a variable to store the size of l.
+         * If not given (i.e. n is NULL or *n is SIZE_MAX), size will be calculated using strv_length().
+         * If n is not NULL, the size after the push will be returned.
+         * If value is empty, no action is taken and *n is not set. */
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        size_t size = n ? *n : SIZE_MAX;
+        if (size == SIZE_MAX)
+                size = strv_length(*l);
+
+        /* Check for overflow */
+        if (size > SIZE_MAX-2)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        char **c = reallocarray(*l, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(size + 2), sizeof(char*));
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        c[size] = value;
+        c[size+1] = NULL;
+
+        *l = c;
+        if (n)
+                *n = size + 1;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int strv_push_pair(char ***l, char *a, char *b) {
+        char **c;
+        size_t n;
+
+        if (!a && !b)
+                return 0;
+
+        n = strv_length(*l);
+
+        /* Check for overflow */
+        if (n > SIZE_MAX-3)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* increase and check for overflow */
+        c = reallocarray(*l, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(n + !!a + !!b + 1), sizeof(char*));
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (a)
+                c[n++] = a;
+        if (b)
+                c[n++] = b;
+        c[n] = NULL;
+
+        *l = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int strv_insert(char ***l, size_t position, char *value) {
+        char **c;
+        size_t n, m;
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        n = strv_length(*l);
+        position = MIN(position, n);
+
+        /* increase and check for overflow */
+        m = n + 2;
+        if (m < n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        c = new(char*, m);
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < position; i++)
+                c[i] = (*l)[i];
+        c[position] = value;
+        for (size_t i = position; i < n; i++)
+                c[i+1] = (*l)[i];
+        c[n+1] = NULL;
+
+        return free_and_replace(*l, c);
+}
+
+int strv_consume_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, char *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = strv_push_with_size(l, n, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                free(value);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_consume_pair(char ***l, char *a, char *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = strv_push_pair(l, a, b);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(a);
+                free(b);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_consume_prepend(char ***l, char *value) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = strv_push_prepend(l, value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                free(value);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_prepend(char ***l, const char *value) {
+        char *v;
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        v = strdup(value);
+        if (!v)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_consume_prepend(l, v);
+}
+
+int strv_extend_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, const char *value) {
+        char *v;
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        v = strdup(value);
+        if (!v)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_consume_with_size(l, n, v);
+}
+
+int strv_extend_front(char ***l, const char *value) {
+        size_t n, m;
+        char *v, **c;
+
+        assert(l);
+
+        /* Like strv_extend(), but prepends rather than appends the new entry */
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        n = strv_length(*l);
+
+        /* Increase and overflow check. */
+        m = n + 2;
+        if (m < n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        v = strdup(value);
+        if (!v)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        c = reallocarray(*l, m, sizeof(char*));
+        if (!c) {
+                free(v);
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        memmove(c+1, c, n * sizeof(char*));
+        c[0] = v;
+        c[n+1] = NULL;
+
+        *l = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char** strv_uniq(char **l) {
+        /* Drops duplicate entries. The first identical string will be
+         * kept, the others dropped */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                strv_remove(i+1, *i);
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+bool strv_is_uniq(char * const *l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (strv_contains(i+1, *i))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char** strv_remove(char **l, const char *s) {
+        char **f, **t;
+
+        if (!l)
+                return NULL;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Drops every occurrence of s in the string list, edits
+         * in-place. */
+
+        for (f = t = l; *f; f++)
+                if (streq(*f, s))
+                        free(*f);
+                else
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+
+        *t = NULL;
+        return l;
+}
+
+char** strv_parse_nulstr(const char *s, size_t l) {
+        /* l is the length of the input data, which will be split at NULs into
+         * elements of the resulting strv. Hence, the number of items in the resulting strv
+         * will be equal to one plus the number of NUL bytes in the l bytes starting at s,
+         * unless s[l-1] is NUL, in which case the final empty string is not stored in
+         * the resulting strv, and length is equal to the number of NUL bytes.
+         *
+         * Note that contrary to a normal nulstr which cannot contain empty strings, because
+         * the input data is terminated by any two consequent NUL bytes, this parser accepts
+         * empty strings in s.
+         */
+
+        size_t c = 0, i = 0;
+        char **v;
+
+        assert(s || l <= 0);
+
+        if (l <= 0)
+                return new0(char*, 1);
+
+        for (const char *p = s; p < s + l; p++)
+                if (*p == 0)
+                        c++;
+
+        if (s[l-1] != 0)
+                c++;
+
+        v = new0(char*, c+1);
+        if (!v)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (const char *p = s; p < s + l; ) {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = memchr(p, 0, s + l - p);
+
+                v[i] = strndup(p, e ? e - p : s + l - p);
+                if (!v[i]) {
+                        strv_free(v);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                i++;
+
+                if (!e)
+                        break;
+
+                p = e + 1;
+        }
+
+        assert(i == c);
+
+        return v;
+}
+
+char** strv_split_nulstr(const char *s) {
+        const char *i;
+        char **r = NULL;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(i, s)
+                if (strv_extend(&r, i) < 0) {
+                        strv_free(r);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+        if (!r)
+                return strv_new(NULL);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int strv_make_nulstr(char * const *l, char **ret, size_t *ret_size) {
+        /* A valid nulstr with two NULs at the end will be created, but
+         * q will be the length without the two trailing NULs. Thus the output
+         * string is a valid nulstr and can be iterated over using NULSTR_FOREACH,
+         * and can also be parsed by strv_parse_nulstr as long as the length
+         * is provided separately.
+         */
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(ret_size);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                size_t z;
+
+                z = strlen(*i);
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(m, n + z + 2))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                memcpy(m + n, *i, z + 1);
+                n += z + 1;
+        }
+
+        if (!m) {
+                m = new0(char, 2);
+                if (!m)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                n = 1;
+        } else
+                /* make sure there is a second extra NUL at the end of resulting nulstr */
+                m[n] = '\0';
+
+        assert(n > 0);
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(m);
+        *ret_size = n - 1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool strv_overlap(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, a)
+                if (strv_contains(b, *i))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int str_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        return strcmp(*a, *b);
+}
+
+char** strv_sort(char **l) {
+        typesafe_qsort(l, strv_length(l), str_compare);
+        return l;
+}
+
+int strv_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (strv_isempty(a)) {
+                if (strv_isempty(b))
+                        return 0;
+                else
+                        return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(b))
+                return 1;
+
+        for ( ; *a || *b; ++a, ++b) {
+                r = strcmp_ptr(*a, *b);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void strv_print(char * const *l) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l)
+                puts(*s);
+}
+
+int strv_extendf(char ***l, const char *format, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        char *x;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        r = vasprintf(&x, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return strv_consume(l, x);
+}
+
+char** strv_reverse(char **l) {
+        size_t n;
+
+        n = strv_length(l);
+        if (n <= 1)
+                return l;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n / 2; i++)
+                SWAP_TWO(l[i], l[n-1-i]);
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+char** strv_shell_escape(char **l, const char *bad) {
+        /* Escapes every character in every string in l that is in bad,
+         * edits in-place, does not roll-back on error. */
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                char *v;
+
+                v = shell_escape(*s, bad);
+                if (!v)
+                        return NULL;
+
+                free(*s);
+                *s = v;
+        }
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+bool strv_fnmatch_full(
+                char* const* patterns,
+                const char *s,
+                int flags,
+                size_t *ret_matched_pos) {
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (patterns)
+                for (size_t i = 0; patterns[i]; i++)
+                        /* NB: We treat all fnmatch() errors as equivalent to FNM_NOMATCH, i.e. if fnmatch() fails to
+                         * process the pattern for some reason we'll consider this equivalent to non-matching. */
+                        if (fnmatch(patterns[i], s, flags) == 0) {
+                                if (ret_matched_pos)
+                                        *ret_matched_pos = i;
+                                return true;
+                        }
+
+        if (ret_matched_pos)
+                *ret_matched_pos = SIZE_MAX;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+char** strv_skip(char **l, size_t n) {
+
+        while (n > 0) {
+                if (strv_isempty(l))
+                        return l;
+
+                l++, n--;
+        }
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+int strv_extend_n(char ***l, const char *value, size_t n) {
+        size_t i, k;
+        char **nl;
+
+        assert(l);
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+        if (n == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Adds the value n times to l */
+
+        k = strv_length(*l);
+        if (n >= SIZE_MAX - k)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        nl = reallocarray(*l, GREEDY_ALLOC_ROUND_UP(k + n + 1), sizeof(char *));
+        if (!nl)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *l = nl;
+
+        for (i = k; i < k + n; i++) {
+                nl[i] = strdup(value);
+                if (!nl[i])
+                        goto rollback;
+        }
+        nl[i] = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+
+rollback:
+        for (size_t j = k; j < i; j++)
+                free(nl[j]);
+        nl[k] = NULL;
+
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+int fputstrv(FILE *f, char * const *l, const char *separator, bool *space) {
+        bool b = false;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Like fputs(), but for strv, and with a less stupid argument order */
+
+        if (!space)
+                space = &b;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
+                r = fputs_with_space(f, *s, separator, space);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int string_strv_hashmap_put_internal(Hashmap *h, const char *key, const char *value) {
+        char **l;
+        int r;
+
+        l = hashmap_get(h, key);
+        if (l) {
+                /* A list for this key already exists, let's append to it if it is not listed yet */
+                if (strv_contains(l, value))
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = strv_extend(&l, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                assert_se(hashmap_update(h, key, l) >= 0);
+        } else {
+                /* No list for this key exists yet, create one */
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l2 = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+
+                t = strdup(key);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = strv_extend(&l2, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = hashmap_put(h, t, l2);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                TAKE_PTR(t);
+                TAKE_PTR(l2);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int _string_strv_hashmap_put(Hashmap **h, const char *key, const char *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, &string_strv_hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return string_strv_hashmap_put_internal(*h, key, value);
+}
+
+int _string_strv_ordered_hashmap_put(OrderedHashmap **h, const char *key, const char *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = _ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(h, &string_strv_hash_ops  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PASS_ARGS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return string_strv_hashmap_put_internal(PLAIN_HASHMAP(*h), key, value);
+}
+
+DEFINE_HASH_OPS_FULL(string_strv_hash_ops, char, string_hash_func, string_compare_func, free, char*, strv_free);
diff --git a/src/basic/strv.h b/src/basic/strv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bda8cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+char* strv_find(char * const *l, const char *name) _pure_;
+char* strv_find_case(char * const *l, const char *name) _pure_;
+char* strv_find_prefix(char * const *l, const char *name) _pure_;
+char* strv_find_startswith(char * const *l, const char *name) _pure_;
+
+#define strv_contains(l, s) (!!strv_find((l), (s)))
+#define strv_contains_case(l, s) (!!strv_find_case((l), (s)))
+
+char** strv_free(char **l);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(char**, strv_free);
+#define _cleanup_strv_free_ _cleanup_(strv_freep)
+
+char** strv_free_erase(char **l);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(char**, strv_free_erase);
+#define _cleanup_strv_free_erase_ _cleanup_(strv_free_erasep)
+
+char** strv_copy(char * const *l);
+int strv_copy_unless_empty(char * const *l, char ***ret);
+size_t strv_length(char * const *l) _pure_;
+
+int strv_extend_strv(char ***a, char * const *b, bool filter_duplicates);
+int strv_extend_strv_concat(char ***a, char * const *b, const char *suffix);
+int strv_prepend(char ***l, const char *value);
+
+/* _with_size() are lower-level functions where the size can be provided externally,
+ * which allows us to skip iterating over the strv to find the end, which saves
+ * a bit of time and reduces the complexity of appending from O(n²) to O(n). */
+
+int strv_extend_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, const char *value);
+static inline int strv_extend(char ***l, const char *value) {
+        return strv_extend_with_size(l, NULL, value);
+}
+
+int strv_extendf(char ***l, const char *format, ...) _printf_(2,3);
+int strv_extend_front(char ***l, const char *value);
+
+int strv_push_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, char *value);
+static inline int strv_push(char ***l, char *value) {
+        return strv_push_with_size(l, NULL, value);
+}
+int strv_push_pair(char ***l, char *a, char *b);
+
+int strv_insert(char ***l, size_t position, char *value);
+
+static inline int strv_push_prepend(char ***l, char *value) {
+        return strv_insert(l, 0, value);
+}
+
+int strv_consume_with_size(char ***l, size_t *n, char *value);
+static inline int strv_consume(char ***l, char *value) {
+        return strv_consume_with_size(l, NULL, value);
+}
+
+int strv_consume_pair(char ***l, char *a, char *b);
+int strv_consume_prepend(char ***l, char *value);
+
+char** strv_remove(char **l, const char *s);
+char** strv_uniq(char **l);
+bool strv_is_uniq(char * const *l);
+
+int strv_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b);
+static inline bool strv_equal(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
+        return strv_compare(a, b) == 0;
+}
+
+char** strv_new_internal(const char *x, ...) _sentinel_;
+char** strv_new_ap(const char *x, va_list ap);
+#define strv_new(...) strv_new_internal(__VA_ARGS__, NULL)
+
+#define STRV_IGNORE ((const char *) POINTER_MAX)
+
+static inline const char* STRV_IFNOTNULL(const char *x) {
+        return x ? x : STRV_IGNORE;
+}
+
+static inline bool strv_isempty(char * const *l) {
+        return !l || !*l;
+}
+
+int strv_split_full(char ***t, const char *s, const char *separators, ExtractFlags flags);
+static inline char** strv_split(const char *s, const char *separators) {
+        char **ret;
+
+        if (strv_split_full(&ret, s, separators, EXTRACT_RETAIN_ESCAPE) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int strv_split_and_extend_full(char ***t, const char *s, const char *separators, bool filter_duplicates, ExtractFlags flags);
+#define strv_split_and_extend(t, s, sep, dup) strv_split_and_extend_full(t, s, sep, dup, 0)
+
+int strv_split_newlines_full(char ***ret, const char *s, ExtractFlags flags);
+static inline char** strv_split_newlines(const char *s) {
+        char **ret;
+
+        if (strv_split_newlines_full(&ret, s, 0) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+/* Given a string containing white-space separated tuples of words themselves separated by ':',
+ * returns a vector of strings. If the second element in a tuple is missing, the corresponding
+ * string in the vector is an empty string. */
+int strv_split_colon_pairs(char ***t, const char *s);
+
+char* strv_join_full(char * const *l, const char *separator, const char *prefix, bool escape_separator);
+static inline char *strv_join(char * const *l, const char *separator) {
+        return strv_join_full(l, separator, NULL, false);
+}
+
+char** strv_parse_nulstr(const char *s, size_t l);
+char** strv_split_nulstr(const char *s);
+int strv_make_nulstr(char * const *l, char **p, size_t *n);
+
+static inline int strv_from_nulstr(char ***a, const char *nulstr) {
+        char **t;
+
+        t = strv_split_nulstr(nulstr);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        *a = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool strv_overlap(char * const *a, char * const *b) _pure_;
+
+#define _STRV_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(s, l, h, i)                             \
+        for (typeof(*(l)) *s, *h = (l), *i = ({                         \
+                                size_t _len = strv_length(h);           \
+                                _len > 0 ? h + _len - 1 : NULL;         \
+                        });                                             \
+             (s = i);                                                   \
+             i = PTR_SUB1(i, h))
+
+#define STRV_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(s, l)                                    \
+        _STRV_FOREACH_BACKWARDS(s, l, UNIQ_T(h, UNIQ), UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+#define _STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l, i)                          \
+        for (typeof(*l) *x, *y, *i = (l);                       \
+             i && *(x = i) && *(y = i + 1);                     \
+             i += 2)
+
+#define STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l)                      \
+        _STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l, UNIQ_T(i, UNIQ))
+
+char** strv_sort(char **l);
+void strv_print(char * const *l);
+
+#define strv_from_stdarg_alloca(first)                          \
+        ({                                                      \
+                char **_l;                                      \
+                                                                \
+                if (!first)                                     \
+                        _l = (char**) &first;                   \
+                else {                                          \
+                        size_t _n;                              \
+                        va_list _ap;                            \
+                                                                \
+                        _n = 1;                                 \
+                        va_start(_ap, first);                   \
+                        while (va_arg(_ap, char*))              \
+                                _n++;                           \
+                        va_end(_ap);                            \
+                                                                \
+                        _l = newa(char*, _n+1);                 \
+                        _l[_n = 0] = (char*) first;             \
+                        va_start(_ap, first);                   \
+                        for (;;) {                              \
+                                _l[++_n] = va_arg(_ap, char*);  \
+                                if (!_l[_n])                    \
+                                        break;                  \
+                        }                                       \
+                        va_end(_ap);                            \
+                }                                               \
+                _l;                                             \
+        })
+
+#define STR_IN_SET(x, ...) strv_contains(STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__), x)
+#define STRPTR_IN_SET(x, ...)                                    \
+        ({                                                       \
+                const char* _x = (x);                            \
+                _x && strv_contains(STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__), _x); \
+        })
+
+#define STRCASE_IN_SET(x, ...) strv_contains_case(STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__), x)
+#define STRCASEPTR_IN_SET(x, ...)                                    \
+        ({                                                       \
+                const char* _x = (x);                            \
+                _x && strv_contains_case(STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__), _x); \
+        })
+
+#define STARTSWITH_SET(p, ...)                                  \
+        ({                                                      \
+                const char *_p = (p);                           \
+                char *_found = NULL;                            \
+                STRV_FOREACH(_i, STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__)) {      \
+                        _found = startswith(_p, *_i);           \
+                        if (_found)                             \
+                                break;                          \
+                }                                               \
+                _found;                                         \
+        })
+
+#define ENDSWITH_SET(p, ...)                                    \
+        ({                                                      \
+                const char *_p = (p);                           \
+                char *_found = NULL;                            \
+                STRV_FOREACH(_i, STRV_MAKE(__VA_ARGS__)) {      \
+                        _found = endswith(_p, *_i);             \
+                        if (_found)                             \
+                                break;                          \
+                }                                               \
+                _found;                                         \
+        })
+
+#define _FOREACH_STRING(uniq, x, y, ...)                                \
+        for (const char *x, * const*UNIQ_T(l, uniq) = STRV_MAKE_CONST(({ x = y; }), ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+             x;                                                         \
+             x = *(++UNIQ_T(l, uniq)))
+
+#define FOREACH_STRING(x, y, ...)                       \
+        _FOREACH_STRING(UNIQ, x, y, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+char** strv_reverse(char **l);
+char** strv_shell_escape(char **l, const char *bad);
+
+bool strv_fnmatch_full(char* const* patterns, const char *s, int flags, size_t *ret_matched_pos);
+static inline bool strv_fnmatch(char* const* patterns, const char *s) {
+        return strv_fnmatch_full(patterns, s, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline bool strv_fnmatch_or_empty(char* const* patterns, const char *s, int flags) {
+        assert(s);
+        return strv_isempty(patterns) ||
+               strv_fnmatch_full(patterns, s, flags, NULL);
+}
+
+char** strv_skip(char **l, size_t n);
+
+int strv_extend_n(char ***l, const char *value, size_t n);
+
+int fputstrv(FILE *f, char * const *l, const char *separator, bool *space);
+
+#define strv_free_and_replace(a, b)             \
+        free_and_replace_full(a, b, strv_free)
+
+extern const struct hash_ops string_strv_hash_ops;
+int _string_strv_hashmap_put(Hashmap **h, const char *key, const char *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+int _string_strv_ordered_hashmap_put(OrderedHashmap **h, const char *key, const char *value  HASHMAP_DEBUG_PARAMS);
+#define string_strv_hashmap_put(h, k, v) _string_strv_hashmap_put(h, k, v  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
+#define string_strv_ordered_hashmap_put(h, k, v) _string_strv_ordered_hashmap_put(h, k, v  HASHMAP_DEBUG_SRC_ARGS)
diff --git a/src/basic/strxcpyx.c b/src/basic/strxcpyx.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b9565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strxcpyx.c
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+/*
+ * Concatenates/copies strings. In any case, terminates in all cases
+ * with '\0' and moves the @dest pointer forward to the added '\0'.
+ * Returns the remaining size, and 0 if the string was truncated.
+ *
+ * Due to the intended usage, these helpers silently noop invocations
+ * having zero size.  This is technically an exception to the above
+ * statement "terminates in all cases".  It's unexpected for such calls to
+ * occur outside of a loop where this is the preferred behavior.
+ */
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strxcpyx.h"
+
+size_t strnpcpy_full(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len, bool *ret_truncated) {
+        bool truncated = false;
+
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        if (size == 0) {
+                if (ret_truncated)
+                        *ret_truncated = len > 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (len >= size) {
+                if (size > 1)
+                        *dest = mempcpy(*dest, src, size-1);
+                size = 0;
+                truncated = true;
+        } else if (len > 0) {
+                *dest = mempcpy(*dest, src, len);
+                size -= len;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_truncated)
+                *ret_truncated = truncated;
+
+        *dest[0] = '\0';
+        return size;
+}
+
+size_t strpcpy_full(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src, bool *ret_truncated) {
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        return strnpcpy_full(dest, size, src, strlen(src), ret_truncated);
+}
+
+size_t strpcpyf_full(char **dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) {
+        bool truncated = false;
+        va_list va;
+        int i;
+
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        va_start(va, src);
+        i = vsnprintf(*dest, size, src, va);
+        va_end(va);
+
+        if (i < (int) size) {
+                *dest += i;
+                size -= i;
+        } else {
+                size = 0;
+                truncated = i > 0;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_truncated)
+                *ret_truncated = truncated;
+
+        return size;
+}
+
+size_t strpcpyl_full(char **dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) {
+        bool truncated = false;
+        va_list va;
+
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        va_start(va, src);
+        do {
+                bool t;
+
+                size = strpcpy_full(dest, size, src, &t);
+                truncated = truncated || t;
+                src = va_arg(va, char *);
+        } while (src);
+        va_end(va);
+
+        if (ret_truncated)
+                *ret_truncated = truncated;
+        return size;
+}
+
+size_t strnscpy_full(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len, bool *ret_truncated) {
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        s = dest;
+        return strnpcpy_full(&s, size, src, len, ret_truncated);
+}
+
+size_t strscpy_full(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src, bool *ret_truncated) {
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        return strnscpy_full(dest, size, src, strlen(src), ret_truncated);
+}
+
+size_t strscpyl_full(char *dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) {
+        bool truncated = false;
+        va_list va;
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(dest);
+        assert(src);
+
+        va_start(va, src);
+        s = dest;
+        do {
+                bool t;
+
+                size = strpcpy_full(&s, size, src, &t);
+                truncated = truncated || t;
+                src = va_arg(va, char *);
+        } while (src);
+        va_end(va);
+
+        if (ret_truncated)
+                *ret_truncated = truncated;
+
+        return size;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/strxcpyx.h b/src/basic/strxcpyx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a648ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/strxcpyx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+size_t strnpcpy_full(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len, bool *ret_truncated);
+static inline size_t strnpcpy(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len) {
+        return strnpcpy_full(dest, size, src, len, NULL);
+}
+size_t strpcpy_full(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src, bool *ret_truncated);
+static inline size_t strpcpy(char **dest, size_t size, const char *src) {
+        return strpcpy_full(dest, size, src, NULL);
+}
+size_t strpcpyf_full(char **dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) _printf_(4, 5);
+#define strpcpyf(dest, size, src, ...) \
+        strpcpyf_full((dest), (size), NULL, (src), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+size_t strpcpyl_full(char **dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define strpcpyl(dest, size, src, ...) \
+        strpcpyl_full((dest), (size), NULL, (src), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+size_t strnscpy_full(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len, bool *ret_truncated);
+static inline size_t strnscpy(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src, size_t len) {
+        return strnscpy_full(dest, size, src, len, NULL);
+}
+size_t strscpy_full(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src, bool *ret_truncated);
+static inline size_t strscpy(char *dest, size_t size, const char *src) {
+        return strscpy_full(dest, size, src, NULL);
+}
+size_t strscpyl_full(char *dest, size_t size, bool *ret_truncated, const char *src, ...) _sentinel_;
+#define strscpyl(dest, size, src, ...) \
+        strscpyl_full(dest, size, NULL, src, ##__VA_ARGS__)
diff --git a/src/basic/sync-util.c b/src/basic/sync-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2d4a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sync-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "sync-util.h"
+
+int fsync_directory_of_file(int fd) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int dfd = -1;
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* We only reasonably can do this for regular files and directories, or for O_PATH fds, hence check
+         * for the inode type first */
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+                dfd = openat(fd, "..", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC, 0);
+                if (dfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        } else if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) { /* Regular files are OK regardless if O_PATH or not, for all other
+                                            * types check O_PATH flag */
+                int flags;
+
+                flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+                if (flags < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, O_PATH)) /* If O_PATH this refers to the inode in the fs, in which case
+                                                * we can sensibly do what is requested. Otherwise this refers
+                                                * to a socket, fifo or device node, where the concept of a
+                                                * containing directory doesn't make too much sense. */
+                        return -ENOTTY;
+        }
+
+        if (dfd < 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+
+                r = fd_get_path(fd, &path);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to query /proc/self/fd/%d%s: %m",
+                                        fd,
+                                        r == -ENOSYS ? ", ignoring" : "");
+
+                        if (r == -ENOSYS)
+                                /* If /proc is not available, we're most likely running in some
+                                 * chroot environment, and syncing the directory is not very
+                                 * important in that case. Let's just silently do nothing. */
+                                return 0;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if (!path_is_absolute(path))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                dfd = open_parent(path, O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0);
+                if (dfd < 0)
+                        return dfd;
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fsync(dfd));
+}
+
+int fsync_full(int fd) {
+        int r, q;
+
+        /* Sync both the file and the directory */
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(fsync(fd));
+
+        q = fsync_directory_of_file(fd);
+        if (r < 0) /* Return earlier error */
+                return r;
+        if (q == -ENOTTY) /* Ignore if the 'fd' refers to a block device or so which doesn't really have a
+                           * parent dir */
+                return 0;
+        return q;
+}
+
+int fsync_path_at(int at_fd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+        int fd;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (at_fd == AT_FDCWD) {
+                        opened_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                        if (opened_fd < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        fd = opened_fd;
+                } else
+                        fd = at_fd;
+        } else {
+                opened_fd = openat(at_fd, path, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+                if (opened_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                fd = opened_fd;
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(fsync(fd));
+}
+
+int fsync_parent_at(int at_fd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (at_fd != AT_FDCWD)
+                        return fsync_directory_of_file(at_fd);
+
+                opened_fd = open("..", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (opened_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return RET_NERRNO(fsync(opened_fd));
+        }
+
+        opened_fd = openat(at_fd, path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (opened_fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fsync_directory_of_file(opened_fd);
+}
+
+int fsync_path_and_parent_at(int at_fd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (at_fd != AT_FDCWD)
+                        return fsync_full(at_fd);
+
+                opened_fd = open(".", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        } else
+                opened_fd = openat(at_fd, path, O_RDONLY|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (opened_fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fsync_full(opened_fd);
+}
+
+int syncfs_path(int at_fd, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (at_fd != AT_FDCWD)
+                        return RET_NERRNO(syncfs(at_fd));
+
+                fd = open(".", O_RDONLY|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        } else
+                fd = openat(at_fd, path, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(syncfs(fd));
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/sync-util.h b/src/basic/sync-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e449440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sync-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+int fsync_directory_of_file(int fd);
+int fsync_full(int fd);
+
+int fsync_path_at(int at_fd, const char *path);
+int fsync_parent_at(int at_fd, const char *path);
+int fsync_path_and_parent_at(int at_fd, const char *path);
+
+int syncfs_path(int at_fd, const char *path);
diff --git a/src/basic/syscall-list.txt b/src/basic/syscall-list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c74917b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscall-list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept
+accept4
+access
+acct
+add_key
+adjtimex
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind
+bpf
+brk
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget
+capset
+chdir
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot
+clock_adjtime
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime
+clock_settime64
+clone
+clone3
+close
+close_range
+connect
+copy_file_range
+creat
+delete_module
+dipc
+dup
+dup2
+dup3
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1
+epoll_ctl
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait
+epoll_pwait2
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve
+execveat
+exit
+exit_group
+faccessat
+faccessat2
+fadvise64
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate
+fanotify_init
+fanotify_mark
+fchdir
+fchmod
+fchmodat
+fchmodat2
+fchown
+fchown32
+fchownat
+fcntl
+fcntl64
+fdatasync
+fgetxattr
+finit_module
+flistxattr
+flock
+fork
+fremovexattr
+fsconfig
+fsetxattr
+fsmount
+fsopen
+fspick
+fstat
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs
+fstatfs64
+fsync
+ftruncate
+ftruncate64
+futex
+futex_requeue
+futex_time64
+futex_wait
+futex_waitv
+futex_wake
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy
+get_robust_list
+get_thread_area
+getcpu
+getcwd
+getdents
+getdents64
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid
+getegid32
+geteuid
+geteuid32
+getgid
+getgid32
+getgroups
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer
+getpagesize
+getpeername
+getpgid
+getpgrp
+getpid
+getppid
+getpriority
+getrandom
+getresgid
+getresgid32
+getresuid
+getresuid32
+getrlimit
+getrusage
+getsid
+getsockname
+getsockopt
+gettid
+gettimeofday
+getuid
+getuid32
+getxattr
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module
+inotify_add_watch
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1
+inotify_rm_watch
+io_cancel
+io_destroy
+io_getevents
+io_pgetevents
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup
+io_submit
+io_uring_enter
+io_uring_register
+io_uring_setup
+ioctl
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get
+ioprio_set
+ipc
+kcmp
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load
+keyctl
+kill
+landlock_add_rule
+landlock_create_ruleset
+landlock_restrict_self
+lchown
+lchown32
+lgetxattr
+link
+linkat
+listen
+listxattr
+llistxattr
+lookup_dcookie
+lremovexattr
+lseek
+lsetxattr
+lstat
+lstat64
+madvise
+map_shadow_stack
+mbind
+membarrier
+memfd_create
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages
+mincore
+mkdir
+mkdirat
+mknod
+mknodat
+mlock
+mlock2
+mlockall
+mmap
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount
+mount_setattr
+move_mount
+move_pages
+mprotect
+mq_getsetattr
+mq_notify
+mq_open
+mq_timedreceive
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink
+mremap
+msgctl
+msgget
+msgrcv
+msgsnd
+msync
+multiplexer
+munlock
+munlockall
+munmap
+name_to_handle_at
+nanosleep
+newfstatat
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at
+open_tree
+openat
+openat2
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open
+perfctr
+personality
+pidfd_getfd
+pidfd_open
+pidfd_send_signal
+pipe
+pipe2
+pivot_root
+pkey_alloc
+pkey_free
+pkey_mprotect
+poll
+ppoll
+ppoll_time64
+prctl
+pread64
+preadv
+preadv2
+prlimit64
+process_madvise
+process_mrelease
+process_vm_readv
+process_vm_writev
+pselect6
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace
+pwrite64
+pwritev
+pwritev2
+quotactl
+quotactl_fd
+read
+readahead
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat
+readv
+reboot
+recv
+recvfrom
+recvmmsg
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg
+remap_file_pages
+removexattr
+rename
+renameat
+renameat2
+request_key
+restart_syscall
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir
+rseq
+rt_sigaction
+rt_sigpending
+rt_sigprocmask
+rt_sigqueueinfo
+rt_sigreturn
+rt_sigsuspend
+rt_sigtimedwait
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max
+sched_get_priority_min
+sched_getaffinity
+sched_getattr
+sched_getparam
+sched_getscheduler
+sched_rr_get_interval
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity
+sched_setattr
+sched_setparam
+sched_setscheduler
+sched_yield
+seccomp
+select
+semctl
+semget
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg
+sendmsg
+sendto
+set_mempolicy
+set_mempolicy_home_node
+set_robust_list
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address
+setdomainname
+setfsgid
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid
+setfsuid32
+setgid
+setgid32
+setgroups
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname
+setitimer
+setns
+setpgid
+setpgrp
+setpriority
+setregid
+setregid32
+setresgid
+setresgid32
+setresuid
+setresuid32
+setreuid
+setreuid32
+setrlimit
+setsid
+setsockopt
+settimeofday
+setuid
+setuid32
+setxattr
+sgetmask
+shmat
+shmctl
+shmdt
+shmget
+shutdown
+sigaction
+sigaltstack
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket
+socketcall
+socketpair
+splice
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs
+statfs64
+statx
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff
+swapon
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat
+sync
+sync_file_range
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs
+sysinfo
+syslog
+sysmips
+tee
+tgkill
+time
+timer_create
+timer_delete
+timer_getoverrun
+timer_gettime
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create
+timerfd_gettime
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime
+timerfd_settime64
+times
+tkill
+truncate
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask
+umount
+umount2
+uname
+unlink
+unlinkat
+unshare
+userfaultfd
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat
+utimensat_time64
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice
+wait4
+waitid
+waitpid
+write
+writev
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-alpha.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-alpha.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6525cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-alpha.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	99
+accept4	502
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	439
+adjtimex	366
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	104
+bpf	515
+brk	17
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	368
+capset	369
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	16
+chown32
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	499
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	421
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	420
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	422
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	419
+clock_settime64
+clone	312
+clone3
+close	6
+close_range	546
+connect	98
+copy_file_range	519
+creat
+delete_module	308
+dipc	373
+dup	41
+dup2	90
+dup3	487
+epoll_create	407
+epoll_create1	486
+epoll_ctl	408
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	474
+epoll_pwait2	551
+epoll_wait	409
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	478
+eventfd2	485
+exec_with_loader	25
+execv
+execve	59
+execveat	513
+exit	1
+exit_group	405
+faccessat	462
+faccessat2	549
+fadvise64	413
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	480
+fanotify_init	494
+fanotify_mark	495
+fchdir	13
+fchmod	124
+fchmodat	461
+fchmodat2	562
+fchown	123
+fchown32
+fchownat	453
+fcntl	92
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	447
+fgetxattr	387
+finit_module	507
+flistxattr	390
+flock	131
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	393
+fsconfig	541
+fsetxattr	384
+fsmount	542
+fsopen	540
+fspick	543
+fstat	91
+fstat64	427
+fstatat64	455
+fstatfs	329
+fstatfs64	529
+fsync	95
+ftruncate	130
+ftruncate64
+futex	394
+futex_requeue	566
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	565
+futex_waitv	559
+futex_wake	564
+futimesat	454
+get_mempolicy	430
+get_robust_list	467
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	473
+getcwd	367
+getdents	305
+getdents64	377
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize	89
+getegid	530
+getegid32
+geteuid	531
+geteuid32
+getgid	47
+getgid32
+getgroups	79
+getgroups32
+gethostname	87
+getitimer	361
+getpagesize	64
+getpeername	141
+getpgid	233
+getpgrp	63
+getpid	20
+getppid	532
+getpriority	100
+getrandom	511
+getresgid	372
+getresgid32
+getresuid	344
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	144
+getrusage	364
+getsid	234
+getsockname	150
+getsockopt	118
+gettid	378
+gettimeofday	359
+getuid	24
+getuid32
+getxattr	385
+getxgid	47
+getxpid	20
+getxuid	24
+init_module	307
+inotify_add_watch	445
+inotify_init	444
+inotify_init1	489
+inotify_rm_watch	446
+io_cancel	402
+io_destroy	399
+io_getevents	400
+io_pgetevents	523
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	398
+io_submit	401
+io_uring_enter	536
+io_uring_register	537
+io_uring_setup	535
+ioctl	54
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	443
+ioprio_set	442
+ipc
+kcmp	506
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	448
+keyctl	441
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	555
+landlock_create_ruleset	554
+landlock_restrict_self	556
+lchown	208
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	386
+link	9
+linkat	458
+listen	106
+listxattr	388
+llistxattr	389
+lookup_dcookie	406
+lremovexattr	392
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	383
+lstat	68
+lstat64	426
+madvise	75
+map_shadow_stack	563
+mbind	429
+membarrier	517
+memfd_create	512
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	449
+mincore	375
+mkdir	136
+mkdirat	451
+mknod	14
+mknodat	452
+mlock	314
+mlock2	518
+mlockall	316
+mmap	71
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	302
+mount_setattr	552
+move_mount	539
+move_pages	472
+mprotect	74
+mq_getsetattr	437
+mq_notify	436
+mq_open	432
+mq_timedreceive	435
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	434
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	433
+mremap	341
+msgctl	200
+msgget	201
+msgrcv	202
+msgsnd	203
+msync	217
+multiplexer
+munlock	315
+munlockall	317
+munmap	73
+name_to_handle_at	497
+nanosleep	340
+newfstatat
+nice
+old_adjtimex	303
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount	321
+olduname
+open	45
+open_by_handle_at	498
+open_tree	538
+openat	450
+openat2	547
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat	226
+osf_fstatfs	161
+osf_fstatfs64	228
+osf_getdirentries	159
+osf_getdomainname	165
+osf_getitimer	86
+osf_getrusage	117
+osf_getsysinfo	256
+osf_gettimeofday	116
+osf_lstat	225
+osf_mount	21
+osf_proplist_syscall	244
+osf_select	93
+osf_set_program_attributes	43
+osf_setitimer	83
+osf_setsysinfo	257
+osf_settimeofday	122
+osf_shmat	209
+osf_sigprocmask	48
+osf_sigstack	112
+osf_stat	224
+osf_statfs	160
+osf_statfs64	227
+osf_swapon	199
+osf_syscall	0
+osf_sysinfo	241
+osf_usleep_thread	251
+osf_utimes	138
+osf_utsname	207
+osf_wait4	7
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase	376
+pciconfig_read	345
+pciconfig_write	346
+perf_event_open	493
+perfctr
+personality	324
+pidfd_getfd	548
+pidfd_open	544
+pidfd_send_signal	534
+pipe	42
+pipe2	488
+pivot_root	374
+pkey_alloc	525
+pkey_free	526
+pkey_mprotect	524
+poll	94
+ppoll	464
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	348
+pread64	349
+preadv	490
+preadv2	520
+prlimit64	496
+process_madvise	550
+process_mrelease	558
+process_vm_readv	504
+process_vm_writev	505
+pselect6	463
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	350
+pwritev	491
+pwritev2	521
+quotactl	148
+quotactl_fd	553
+read	3
+readahead	379
+readdir
+readlink	58
+readlinkat	460
+readv	120
+reboot	311
+recv	102
+recvfrom	125
+recvmmsg	479
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	113
+remap_file_pages	410
+removexattr	391
+rename	128
+renameat	457
+renameat2	510
+request_key	440
+restart_syscall	412
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	137
+rseq	527
+rt_sigaction	352
+rt_sigpending	354
+rt_sigprocmask	353
+rt_sigqueueinfo	356
+rt_sigreturn	351
+rt_sigsuspend	357
+rt_sigtimedwait	355
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	492
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	335
+sched_get_priority_min	336
+sched_getaffinity	396
+sched_getattr	509
+sched_getparam	331
+sched_getscheduler	333
+sched_rr_get_interval	337
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	395
+sched_setattr	508
+sched_setparam	330
+sched_setscheduler	332
+sched_yield	334
+seccomp	514
+select	358
+semctl	204
+semget	205
+semop	206
+semtimedop	423
+semtimedop_time64
+send	101
+sendfile	370
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	503
+sendmsg	114
+sendto	133
+set_mempolicy	431
+set_mempolicy_home_node	560
+set_robust_list	466
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	411
+setdomainname	166
+setfsgid	326
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	325
+setfsuid32
+setgid	132
+setgid32
+setgroups	80
+setgroups32
+sethae	301
+sethostname	88
+setitimer	362
+setns	501
+setpgid	39
+setpgrp	82
+setpriority	96
+setregid	127
+setregid32
+setresgid	371
+setresgid32
+setresuid	343
+setresuid32
+setreuid	126
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	145
+setsid	147
+setsockopt	105
+settimeofday	360
+setuid	23
+setuid32
+setxattr	382
+sgetmask
+shmat	209
+shmctl	210
+shmdt	211
+shmget	212
+shutdown	134
+sigaction	156
+sigaltstack	235
+signal
+signalfd	476
+signalfd4	484
+sigpending	52
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn	103
+sigsuspend	111
+socket	97
+socketcall
+socketpair	135
+splice	468
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	67
+stat64	425
+statfs	328
+statfs64	528
+statx	522
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	304
+swapon	322
+switch_endian
+symlink	57
+symlinkat	459
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	469
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	500
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	254
+sysinfo	318
+syslog	310
+sysmips
+tee	470
+tgkill	424
+time
+timer_create	414
+timer_delete	418
+timer_getoverrun	417
+timer_gettime	416
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	415
+timer_settime64
+timerfd	477
+timerfd_create	481
+timerfd_gettime	483
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	482
+timerfd_settime64
+times	323
+tkill	381
+truncate	129
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	22
+uname	339
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	456
+unshare	465
+userfaultfd	516
+ustat	327
+utime
+utimensat	475
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	363
+utrap_install
+vfork	66
+vhangup	76
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	471
+wait4	365
+waitid	438
+waitpid
+write	4
+writev	121
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-arc.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-arc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97a84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-arc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	202
+accept4	242
+access
+acct	89
+add_key	217
+adjtimex	171
+alarm
+arc_gettls	246
+arc_settls	245
+arc_usr_cmpxchg	248
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	200
+bpf	280
+brk	214
+cachectl
+cacheflush	244
+capget	90
+capset	91
+chdir	49
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot	51
+clock_adjtime	266
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	114
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	113
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	115
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	112
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	220
+clone3	435
+close	57
+close_range	436
+connect	203
+copy_file_range	285
+creat
+delete_module	106
+dipc
+dup	23
+dup2
+dup3	24
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1	20
+epoll_ctl	21
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	22
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2	19
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	221
+execveat	281
+exit	93
+exit_group	94
+faccessat	48
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64
+fadvise64_64	223
+fallocate	47
+fanotify_init	262
+fanotify_mark	263
+fchdir	50
+fchmod	52
+fchmodat	53
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	55
+fchown32
+fchownat	54
+fcntl
+fcntl64	25
+fdatasync	83
+fgetxattr	10
+finit_module	273
+flistxattr	13
+flock	32
+fork
+fremovexattr	16
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	7
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat
+fstat64	80
+fstatat64	79
+fstatfs
+fstatfs64	44
+fsync	82
+ftruncate
+ftruncate64	46
+futex	98
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy	236
+get_robust_list	100
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	168
+getcwd	17
+getdents
+getdents64	61
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	177
+getegid32
+geteuid	175
+geteuid32
+getgid	176
+getgid32
+getgroups	158
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	102
+getpagesize
+getpeername	205
+getpgid	155
+getpgrp
+getpid	172
+getppid	173
+getpriority	141
+getrandom	278
+getresgid	150
+getresgid32
+getresuid	148
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	163
+getrusage	165
+getsid	156
+getsockname	204
+getsockopt	209
+gettid	178
+gettimeofday	169
+getuid	174
+getuid32
+getxattr	8
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	105
+inotify_add_watch	27
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1	26
+inotify_rm_watch	28
+io_cancel	3
+io_destroy	1
+io_getevents	4
+io_pgetevents	292
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	0
+io_submit	2
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	29
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	31
+ioprio_set	30
+ipc
+kcmp	272
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	294
+kexec_load	104
+keyctl	219
+kill	129
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	9
+link
+linkat	37
+listen	201
+listxattr	11
+llistxattr	12
+lookup_dcookie	18
+lremovexattr	15
+lseek
+lsetxattr	6
+lstat
+lstat64
+madvise	233
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	235
+membarrier	283
+memfd_create	279
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	238
+mincore	232
+mkdir
+mkdirat	34
+mknod
+mknodat	33
+mlock	228
+mlock2	284
+mlockall	230
+mmap
+mmap2	222
+modify_ldt
+mount	40
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	239
+mprotect	226
+mq_getsetattr	185
+mq_notify	184
+mq_open	180
+mq_timedreceive	183
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	182
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	181
+mremap	216
+msgctl	187
+msgget	186
+msgrcv	188
+msgsnd	189
+msync	227
+multiplexer
+munlock	229
+munlockall	231
+munmap	215
+name_to_handle_at	264
+nanosleep	101
+newfstatat
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at	265
+open_tree	428
+openat	56
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	241
+perfctr
+personality	92
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+pidfd_open	434
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+pipe
+pipe2	59
+pivot_root	41
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+pkey_mprotect	288
+poll
+ppoll	73
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+preadv	69
+preadv2	286
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+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	270
+process_vm_writev	271
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+ptrace	117
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	70
+pwritev2	287
+quotactl	60
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	63
+readahead	213
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat	78
+readv	65
+reboot	142
+recv
+recvfrom	207
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+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	212
+remap_file_pages	234
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+renameat	38
+renameat2	276
+request_key	218
+restart_syscall	128
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir
+rseq	293
+rt_sigaction	134
+rt_sigpending	136
+rt_sigprocmask	135
+rt_sigqueueinfo	138
+rt_sigreturn	139
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+rt_sigtimedwait	137
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	240
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	125
+sched_get_priority_min	126
+sched_getaffinity	123
+sched_getattr	275
+sched_getparam	121
+sched_getscheduler	120
+sched_rr_get_interval	127
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	122
+sched_setattr	274
+sched_setparam	118
+sched_setscheduler	119
+sched_yield	124
+seccomp	277
+select
+semctl	191
+semget	190
+semop	193
+semtimedop	192
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send
+sendfile
+sendfile64	71
+sendmmsg	269
+sendmsg	211
+sendto	206
+set_mempolicy	237
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	99
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	96
+setdomainname	162
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+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	151
+setfsuid32
+setgid	144
+setgid32
+setgroups	159
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	161
+setitimer	103
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+setpriority	140
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+setregid32
+setresgid	149
+setresgid32
+setresuid	147
+setresuid32
+setreuid	145
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	164
+setsid	157
+setsockopt	208
+settimeofday	170
+setuid	146
+setuid32
+setxattr	5
+sgetmask
+shmat	196
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	197
+shmget	194
+shutdown	210
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	132
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4	74
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	198
+socketcall
+socketpair	199
+splice	76
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs
+statfs64	43
+statx	291
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	225
+swapon	224
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat	36
+sync	81
+sync_file_range	84
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	267
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	247
+sysinfo	179
+syslog	116
+sysmips
+tee	77
+tgkill	131
+time
+timer_create	107
+timer_delete	111
+timer_getoverrun	109
+timer_gettime	108
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	110
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	85
+timerfd_gettime	87
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	86
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	153
+tkill	130
+truncate
+truncate64	45
+ugetrlimit
+umask	166
+umount
+umount2	39
+uname	160
+unlink
+unlinkat	35
+unshare	97
+userfaultfd	282
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat	88
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	58
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	75
+wait4	260
+waitid	95
+waitpid
+write	64
+writev	66
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-arm.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-arm.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb6b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-arm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept	285
+accept4	366
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	309
+adjtimex	124
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64	270
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	282
+bpf	386
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	184
+capset	185
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	182
+chown32	212
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	372
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	264
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	263
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	265
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	262
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	283
+copy_file_range	391
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	358
+epoll_create	250
+epoll_create1	357
+epoll_ctl	251
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	346
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	252
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	351
+eventfd2	356
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	387
+exit	1
+exit_group	248
+faccessat	334
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	352
+fanotify_init	367
+fanotify_mark	368
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	333
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32	207
+fchownat	325
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64	221
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	231
+finit_module	379
+flistxattr	234
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	237
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	228
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64	197
+fstatat64	327
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	267
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64	194
+futex	240
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	326
+get_mempolicy	320
+get_robust_list	339
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	345
+getcwd	183
+getdents	141
+getdents64	217
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32	202
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32	201
+getgid	47
+getgid32	200
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32	205
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	287
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	384
+getresgid	171
+getresgid32	211
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32	209
+getrlimit
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	286
+getsockopt	295
+gettid	224
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32	199
+getxattr	229
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	317
+inotify_init	316
+inotify_init1	360
+inotify_rm_watch	318
+io_cancel	247
+io_destroy	244
+io_getevents	245
+io_pgetevents	399
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	243
+io_submit	246
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	315
+ioprio_set	314
+ipc
+kcmp	378
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	401
+kexec_load	347
+keyctl	311
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32	198
+lgetxattr	230
+link	9
+linkat	330
+listen	284
+listxattr	232
+llistxattr	233
+lookup_dcookie	249
+lremovexattr	236
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	227
+lstat	107
+lstat64	196
+madvise	220
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	319
+membarrier	389
+memfd_create	385
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	400
+mincore	219
+mkdir	39
+mkdirat	323
+mknod	14
+mknodat	324
+mlock	150
+mlock2	390
+mlockall	152
+mmap
+mmap2	192
+modify_ldt
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	344
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	279
+mq_notify	278
+mq_open	274
+mq_timedreceive	277
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	276
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	275
+mremap	163
+msgctl	304
+msgget	303
+msgrcv	302
+msgsnd	301
+msync	144
+multiplexer
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	370
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	371
+open_tree	428
+openat	322
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase	271
+pciconfig_read	272
+pciconfig_write	273
+perf_event_open	364
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	359
+pivot_root	218
+pkey_alloc	395
+pkey_free	396
+pkey_mprotect	394
+poll	168
+ppoll	336
+ppoll_time64	414
+prctl	172
+pread64	180
+preadv	361
+preadv2	392
+prlimit64	369
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	376
+process_vm_writev	377
+pselect6	335
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	181
+pwritev	362
+pwritev2	393
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	225
+readdir
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	332
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv	291
+recvfrom	292
+recvmmsg	365
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	297
+remap_file_pages	253
+removexattr	235
+rename	38
+renameat	329
+renameat2	382
+request_key	310
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	398
+rt_sigaction	174
+rt_sigpending	176
+rt_sigprocmask	175
+rt_sigqueueinfo	178
+rt_sigreturn	173
+rt_sigsuspend	179
+rt_sigtimedwait	177
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	363
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	242
+sched_getattr	381
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	241
+sched_setattr	380
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	383
+select
+semctl	300
+semget	299
+semop	298
+semtimedop	312
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send	289
+sendfile	187
+sendfile64	239
+sendmmsg	374
+sendmsg	296
+sendto	290
+set_mempolicy	321
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	338
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	256
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	139
+setfsgid32	216
+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32	215
+setgid	46
+setgid32	214
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+setgroups32	206
+sethae
+sethostname	74
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+setns	375
+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	71
+setregid32	204
+setresgid	170
+setresgid32	210
+setresuid	164
+setresuid32	208
+setreuid	70
+setreuid32	203
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	294
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32	213
+setxattr	226
+sgetmask
+shmat	305
+shmctl	308
+shmdt	306
+shmget	307
+shutdown	293
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	186
+signal
+signalfd	349
+signalfd4	355
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	281
+socketcall
+socketpair	288
+splice	340
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	106
+stat64	195
+statfs	99
+statfs64	266
+statx	397
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	331
+sync	36
+sync_file_range
+sync_file_range2	341
+syncfs	373
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	342
+tgkill	268
+time
+timer_create	257
+timer_delete	261
+timer_getoverrun	260
+timer_gettime	259
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	258
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	350
+timerfd_gettime	354
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	353
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	238
+truncate	92
+truncate64	193
+ugetrlimit	191
+umask	60
+umount
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	328
+unshare	337
+userfaultfd	388
+ustat	62
+utime
+utimensat	348
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	269
+utrap_install
+vfork	190
+vhangup	111
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	343
+wait4	114
+waitid	280
+waitpid
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-arm64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-arm64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e71dc56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-arm64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	202
+accept4	242
+access
+acct	89
+add_key	217
+adjtimex	171
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	200
+bpf	280
+brk	214
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	90
+capset	91
+chdir	49
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot	51
+clock_adjtime	266
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	114
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	113
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	115
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	112
+clock_settime64
+clone	220
+clone3	435
+close	57
+close_range	436
+connect	203
+copy_file_range	285
+creat
+delete_module	106
+dipc
+dup	23
+dup2
+dup3	24
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1	20
+epoll_ctl	21
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	22
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2	19
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	221
+execveat	281
+exit	93
+exit_group	94
+faccessat	48
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	223
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	47
+fanotify_init	262
+fanotify_mark	263
+fchdir	50
+fchmod	52
+fchmodat	53
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	55
+fchown32
+fchownat	54
+fcntl	25
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	83
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+finit_module	273
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+flock	32
+fork
+fremovexattr	16
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	7
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	80
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	44
+fstatfs64
+fsync	82
+ftruncate	46
+ftruncate64
+futex	98
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy	236
+get_robust_list	100
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	168
+getcwd	17
+getdents
+getdents64	61
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	177
+getegid32
+geteuid	175
+geteuid32
+getgid	176
+getgid32
+getgroups	158
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	102
+getpagesize
+getpeername	205
+getpgid	155
+getpgrp
+getpid	172
+getppid	173
+getpriority	141
+getrandom	278
+getresgid	150
+getresgid32
+getresuid	148
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	163
+getrusage	165
+getsid	156
+getsockname	204
+getsockopt	209
+gettid	178
+gettimeofday	169
+getuid	174
+getuid32
+getxattr	8
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	105
+inotify_add_watch	27
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1	26
+inotify_rm_watch	28
+io_cancel	3
+io_destroy	1
+io_getevents	4
+io_pgetevents	292
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	0
+io_submit	2
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	29
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	31
+ioprio_set	30
+ipc
+kcmp	272
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	294
+kexec_load	104
+keyctl	219
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+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown
+lchown32
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+linkat	37
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+lstat64
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+memory_ordering
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+mkdirat	34
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+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	40
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+mq_open	180
+mq_timedreceive	183
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	182
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	181
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+msync	227
+multiplexer
+munlock	229
+munlockall	231
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+name_to_handle_at	264
+nanosleep	101
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+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at	265
+open_tree	428
+openat	56
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	241
+perfctr
+personality	92
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+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe
+pipe2	59
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+pkey_free	290
+pkey_mprotect	288
+poll
+ppoll	73
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	167
+pread64	67
+preadv	69
+preadv2	286
+prlimit64	261
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	270
+process_vm_writev	271
+pselect6	72
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	117
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	70
+pwritev2	287
+quotactl	60
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	63
+readahead	213
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat	78
+readv	65
+reboot	142
+recv
+recvfrom	207
+recvmmsg	243
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	212
+remap_file_pages	234
+removexattr	14
+rename
+renameat	38
+renameat2	276
+request_key	218
+restart_syscall	128
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir
+rseq	293
+rt_sigaction	134
+rt_sigpending	136
+rt_sigprocmask	135
+rt_sigqueueinfo	138
+rt_sigreturn	139
+rt_sigsuspend	133
+rt_sigtimedwait	137
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	240
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	125
+sched_get_priority_min	126
+sched_getaffinity	123
+sched_getattr	275
+sched_getparam	121
+sched_getscheduler	120
+sched_rr_get_interval	127
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	122
+sched_setattr	274
+sched_setparam	118
+sched_setscheduler	119
+sched_yield	124
+seccomp	277
+select
+semctl	191
+semget	190
+semop	193
+semtimedop	192
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile	71
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	269
+sendmsg	211
+sendto	206
+set_mempolicy	237
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	99
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	96
+setdomainname	162
+setfsgid	152
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	151
+setfsuid32
+setgid	144
+setgid32
+setgroups	159
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	161
+setitimer	103
+setns	268
+setpgid	154
+setpgrp
+setpriority	140
+setregid	143
+setregid32
+setresgid	149
+setresgid32
+setresuid	147
+setresuid32
+setreuid	145
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	164
+setsid	157
+setsockopt	208
+settimeofday	170
+setuid	146
+setuid32
+setxattr	5
+sgetmask
+shmat	196
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	197
+shmget	194
+shutdown	210
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	132
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4	74
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	198
+socketcall
+socketpair	199
+splice	76
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs	43
+statfs64
+statx	291
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	225
+swapon	224
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat	36
+sync	81
+sync_file_range	84
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	267
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs
+sysinfo	179
+syslog	116
+sysmips
+tee	77
+tgkill	131
+time
+timer_create	107
+timer_delete	111
+timer_getoverrun	109
+timer_gettime	108
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	110
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	85
+timerfd_gettime	87
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	86
+timerfd_settime64
+times	153
+tkill	130
+truncate	45
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	166
+umount
+umount2	39
+uname	160
+unlink
+unlinkat	35
+unshare	97
+userfaultfd	282
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat	88
+utimensat_time64
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	58
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	75
+wait4	260
+waitid	95
+waitpid
+write	64
+writev	66
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-i386.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-i386.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb96bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-i386.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept
+accept4	364
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	286
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl	384
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	361
+bpf	357
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	184
+capset	185
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	182
+chown32	212
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	343
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	266
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	265
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	267
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	264
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	362
+copy_file_range	377
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	330
+epoll_create	254
+epoll_create1	329
+epoll_ctl	255
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	319
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	256
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	323
+eventfd2	328
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	358
+exit	1
+exit_group	252
+faccessat	307
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	250
+fadvise64_64	272
+fallocate	324
+fanotify_init	338
+fanotify_mark	339
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	306
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32	207
+fchownat	298
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64	221
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	231
+finit_module	350
+flistxattr	234
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	237
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	228
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64	197
+fstatat64	300
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	269
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64	194
+futex	240
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	299
+get_mempolicy	275
+get_robust_list	312
+get_thread_area	244
+getcpu	318
+getcwd	183
+getdents	141
+getdents64	220
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32	202
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32	201
+getgid	47
+getgid32	200
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32	205
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	368
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	355
+getresgid	171
+getresgid32	211
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32	209
+getrlimit	76
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	367
+getsockopt	365
+gettid	224
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32	199
+getxattr	229
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	292
+inotify_init	291
+inotify_init1	332
+inotify_rm_watch	293
+io_cancel	249
+io_destroy	246
+io_getevents	247
+io_pgetevents	385
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	245
+io_submit	248
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm	101
+iopl	110
+ioprio_get	290
+ioprio_set	289
+ipc	117
+kcmp	349
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	283
+keyctl	288
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32	198
+lgetxattr	230
+link	9
+linkat	303
+listen	363
+listxattr	232
+llistxattr	233
+lookup_dcookie	253
+lremovexattr	236
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	227
+lstat	107
+lstat64	196
+madvise	219
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	274
+membarrier	375
+memfd_create	356
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	294
+mincore	218
+mkdir	39
+mkdirat	296
+mknod	14
+mknodat	297
+mlock	150
+mlock2	376
+mlockall	152
+mmap	90
+mmap2	192
+modify_ldt	123
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	317
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	282
+mq_notify	281
+mq_open	277
+mq_timedreceive	280
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	279
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	278
+mremap	163
+msgctl	402
+msgget	399
+msgrcv	401
+msgsnd	400
+msync	144
+multiplexer
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	341
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat	28
+oldlstat	84
+oldolduname	59
+oldstat	18
+oldumount
+olduname	109
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	342
+open_tree	428
+openat	295
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	336
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	331
+pivot_root	217
+pkey_alloc	381
+pkey_free	382
+pkey_mprotect	380
+poll	168
+ppoll	309
+ppoll_time64	414
+prctl	172
+pread64	180
+preadv	333
+preadv2	378
+prlimit64	340
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	347
+process_vm_writev	348
+pselect6	308
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	181
+pwritev	334
+pwritev2	379
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	225
+readdir	89
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	305
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv
+recvfrom	371
+recvmmsg	337
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	372
+remap_file_pages	257
+removexattr	235
+rename	38
+renameat	302
+renameat2	353
+request_key	287
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	386
+rt_sigaction	174
+rt_sigpending	176
+rt_sigprocmask	175
+rt_sigqueueinfo	178
+rt_sigreturn	173
+rt_sigsuspend	179
+rt_sigtimedwait	177
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	335
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	242
+sched_getattr	352
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	241
+sched_setattr	351
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	354
+select	82
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send
+sendfile	187
+sendfile64	239
+sendmmsg	345
+sendmsg	370
+sendto	369
+set_mempolicy	276
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	311
+set_thread_area	243
+set_tid_address	258
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	139
+setfsgid32	216
+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32	215
+setgid	46
+setgid32	214
+setgroups	81
+setgroups32	206
+sethae
+sethostname	74
+setitimer	104
+setns	346
+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	71
+setregid32	204
+setresgid	170
+setresgid32	210
+setresuid	164
+setresuid32	208
+setreuid	70
+setreuid32	203
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	366
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32	213
+setxattr	226
+sgetmask	68
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	373
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	186
+signal	48
+signalfd	321
+signalfd4	327
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	359
+socketcall	102
+socketpair	360
+splice	313
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask	69
+stat	106
+stat64	195
+statfs	99
+statfs64	268
+statx	383
+stime	25
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	304
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	314
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	344
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	315
+tgkill	270
+time	13
+timer_create	259
+timer_delete	263
+timer_getoverrun	262
+timer_gettime	261
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	260
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	322
+timerfd_gettime	326
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	325
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	238
+truncate	92
+truncate64	193
+ugetrlimit	191
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	301
+unshare	310
+userfaultfd	374
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	320
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	271
+utrap_install
+vfork	190
+vhangup	111
+vm86	166
+vm86old	113
+vmsplice	316
+wait4	114
+waitid	284
+waitpid	7
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-ia64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-ia64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e82257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-ia64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+_sysctl	1150
+accept	1194
+accept4	1334
+access	1049
+acct	1064
+add_key	1271
+adjtimex	1131
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bdflush	1138
+bind	1191
+bpf	1341
+brk	1060
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	1185
+capset	1186
+chdir	1034
+chmod	1038
+chown	1039
+chown32
+chroot	1068
+clock_adjtime	1328
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	1255
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	1254
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	1256
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	1253
+clock_settime64
+clone	1128
+clone2	1213
+clone3
+close	1029
+close_range	1460
+connect	1192
+copy_file_range	1347
+creat	1030
+create_module
+delete_module	1134
+dipc
+dup	1057
+dup2	1070
+dup3	1316
+epoll_create	1243
+epoll_create1	1315
+epoll_ctl	1244
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	1305
+epoll_pwait2	1465
+epoll_wait	1245
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	1309
+eventfd2	1314
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	1033
+execveat	1342
+exit	1025
+exit_group	1236
+faccessat	1293
+faccessat2	1463
+fadvise64	1234
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	1303
+fanotify_init	1323
+fanotify_mark	1324
+fchdir	1035
+fchmod	1099
+fchmodat	1292
+fchmodat2	1476
+fchown	1100
+fchown32
+fchownat	1284
+fcntl	1066
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	1052
+fgetxattr	1222
+finit_module	1335
+flistxattr	1225
+flock	1145
+fork
+fremovexattr	1228
+fsconfig	1455
+fsetxattr	1219
+fsmount	1456
+fsopen	1454
+fspick	1457
+fstat	1212
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	1104
+fstatfs64	1257
+fsync	1051
+ftruncate	1098
+ftruncate64
+futex	1230
+futex_time64
+futex_waitv	1473
+futimesat	1285
+get_kernel_syms
+get_mempolicy	1260
+get_robust_list	1299
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	1304
+getcwd	1184
+getdents	1144
+getdents64	1214
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	1063
+getegid32
+geteuid	1047
+geteuid32
+getgid	1062
+getgid32
+getgroups	1077
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	1119
+getpagesize
+getpeername	1196
+getpgid	1079
+getpgrp
+getpid	1041
+getpmsg	1188
+getppid	1042
+getpriority	1101
+getrandom	1339
+getresgid	1075
+getresgid32
+getresuid	1073
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	1085
+getrusage	1086
+getsid	1082
+getsockname	1195
+getsockopt	1204
+gettid	1105
+gettimeofday	1087
+getuid	1046
+getuid32
+getunwind	1215
+getxattr	1220
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+idle
+init_module	1133
+inotify_add_watch	1278
+inotify_init	1277
+inotify_init1	1318
+inotify_rm_watch	1279
+io_cancel	1242
+io_destroy	1239
+io_getevents	1240
+io_pgetevents	1351
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	1238
+io_submit	1241
+io_uring_enter	1450
+io_uring_register	1451
+io_uring_setup	1449
+ioctl	1065
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	1275
+ioprio_set	1274
+ipc
+kcmp	1345
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	1268
+keyctl	1273
+kill	1053
+landlock_add_rule	1469
+landlock_create_ruleset	1468
+landlock_restrict_self	1470
+lchown	1124
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	1221
+link	1031
+linkat	1289
+listen	1193
+listxattr	1223
+llistxattr	1224
+lookup_dcookie	1237
+lremovexattr	1227
+lseek	1040
+lsetxattr	1218
+lstat	1211
+lstat64
+madvise	1209
+map_shadow_stack
+mbind	1259
+membarrier	1344
+memfd_create	1340
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	1280
+mincore	1208
+mkdir	1055
+mkdirat	1282
+mknod	1037
+mknodat	1283
+mlock	1153
+mlock2	1346
+mlockall	1154
+mmap	1151
+mmap2	1172
+modify_ldt
+mount	1043
+mount_setattr	1466
+move_mount	1453
+move_pages	1276
+mprotect	1155
+mq_getsetattr	1267
+mq_notify	1266
+mq_open	1262
+mq_timedreceive	1265
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	1264
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	1263
+mremap	1156
+msgctl	1112
+msgget	1109
+msgrcv	1111
+msgsnd	1110
+msync	1157
+multiplexer
+munlock	1158
+munlockall	1159
+munmap	1152
+name_to_handle_at	1326
+nanosleep	1168
+newfstatat	1286
+nfsservctl	1169
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+old_getpagesize	1171
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	1028
+open_by_handle_at	1327
+open_tree	1452
+openat	1281
+openat2	1461
+or1k_atomic
+osf_adjtime
+osf_afs_syscall
+osf_alt_plock
+osf_alt_setsid
+osf_alt_sigpending
+osf_asynch_daemon
+osf_audcntl
+osf_audgen
+osf_chflags
+osf_execve
+osf_exportfs
+osf_fchflags
+osf_fdatasync
+osf_fpathconf
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_fuser
+osf_getaddressconf
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getfh
+osf_getfsstat
+osf_gethostid
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getlogin
+osf_getmnt
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_kloadcall
+osf_kmodcall
+osf_lstat
+osf_memcntl
+osf_mincore
+osf_mount
+osf_mremap
+osf_msfs_syscall
+osf_msleep
+osf_mvalid
+osf_mwakeup
+osf_naccept
+osf_nfssvc
+osf_ngetpeername
+osf_ngetsockname
+osf_nrecvfrom
+osf_nrecvmsg
+osf_nsendmsg
+osf_ntp_adjtime
+osf_ntp_gettime
+osf_old_creat
+osf_old_fstat
+osf_old_getpgrp
+osf_old_killpg
+osf_old_lstat
+osf_old_open
+osf_old_sigaction
+osf_old_sigblock
+osf_old_sigreturn
+osf_old_sigsetmask
+osf_old_sigvec
+osf_old_stat
+osf_old_vadvise
+osf_old_vtrace
+osf_old_wait
+osf_oldquota
+osf_pathconf
+osf_pid_block
+osf_pid_unblock
+osf_plock
+osf_priocntlset
+osf_profil
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_reboot
+osf_revoke
+osf_sbrk
+osf_security
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_set_speculative
+osf_sethostid
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setlogin
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_signal
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigsendset
+osf_sigstack
+osf_sigwaitprim
+osf_sstk
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_subsys_info
+osf_swapctl
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_table
+osf_uadmin
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_uswitch
+osf_utc_adjtime
+osf_utc_gettime
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+osf_waitid
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read	1173
+pciconfig_write	1174
+perf_event_open	1352
+perfctr
+personality	1140
+pidfd_getfd	1462
+pidfd_open	1458
+pidfd_send_signal	1448
+pipe	1058
+pipe2	1317
+pivot_root	1207
+pkey_alloc	1355
+pkey_free	1356
+pkey_mprotect	1354
+poll	1090
+ppoll	1295
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	1170
+pread64	1148
+preadv	1319
+preadv2	1348
+prlimit64	1325
+process_madvise	1464
+process_mrelease	1472
+process_vm_readv	1332
+process_vm_writev	1333
+pselect6	1294
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	1048
+pwrite64	1149
+pwritev	1320
+pwritev2	1349
+query_module
+quotactl	1137
+quotactl_fd	1467
+read	1026
+readahead	1216
+readdir
+readlink	1092
+readlinkat	1291
+readv	1146
+reboot	1096
+recv	1200
+recvfrom	1201
+recvmmsg	1322
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	1206
+remap_file_pages	1125
+removexattr	1226
+rename	1054
+renameat	1288
+renameat2	1338
+request_key	1272
+restart_syscall	1246
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	1056
+rseq	1357
+rt_sigaction	1177
+rt_sigpending	1178
+rt_sigprocmask	1179
+rt_sigqueueinfo	1180
+rt_sigreturn	1181
+rt_sigsuspend	1182
+rt_sigtimedwait	1183
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	1321
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	1165
+sched_get_priority_min	1166
+sched_getaffinity	1232
+sched_getattr	1337
+sched_getparam	1160
+sched_getscheduler	1162
+sched_rr_get_interval	1167
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	1231
+sched_setattr	1336
+sched_setparam	1161
+sched_setscheduler	1163
+sched_yield	1164
+seccomp	1353
+select	1089
+semctl	1108
+semget	1106
+semop	1107
+semtimedop	1247
+semtimedop_time64
+send	1198
+sendfile	1187
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	1331
+sendmsg	1205
+sendto	1199
+set_mempolicy	1261
+set_mempolicy_home_node	1474
+set_robust_list	1298
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	1233
+setdomainname	1129
+setfsgid	1143
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	1142
+setfsuid32
+setgid	1061
+setgid32
+setgroups	1078
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	1083
+setitimer	1118
+setns	1330
+setpgid	1080
+setpgrp
+setpriority	1102
+setregid	1072
+setregid32
+setresgid	1076
+setresgid32
+setresuid	1074
+setresuid32
+setreuid	1071
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	1084
+setsid	1081
+setsockopt	1203
+settimeofday	1088
+setuid	1045
+setuid32
+setxattr	1217
+sgetmask
+shmat	1114
+shmctl	1116
+shmdt	1115
+shmget	1113
+shutdown	1202
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	1176
+signal
+signalfd	1307
+signalfd4	1313
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	1190
+socketcall
+socketpair	1197
+splice	1297
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	1210
+stat64
+statfs	1103
+statfs64	1258
+statx	1350
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	1095
+swapon	1094
+switch_endian
+symlink	1091
+symlinkat	1290
+sync	1050
+sync_file_range	1300
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	1329
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	1139
+sysinfo	1127
+syslog	1117
+sysmips
+tee	1301
+tgkill	1235
+time
+timer_create	1248
+timer_delete	1252
+timer_getoverrun	1251
+timer_gettime	1250
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	1249
+timer_settime64
+timerfd	1308
+timerfd_create	1310
+timerfd_gettime	1312
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	1311
+timerfd_settime64
+times	1059
+tkill	1229
+truncate	1097
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	1067
+umount	1044
+umount2	1044
+uname	1130
+unlink	1032
+unlinkat	1287
+unshare	1296
+uselib	1093
+userfaultfd	1343
+ustat	1069
+utime
+utimensat	1306
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	1036
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	1123
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	1302
+wait4	1126
+waitid	1270
+waitpid
+write	1027
+writev	1147
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-loongarch64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-loongarch64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7375718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-loongarch64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	202
+accept4	242
+access
+acct	89
+add_key	217
+adjtimex	171
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	200
+bpf	280
+brk	214
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	90
+capset	91
+chdir	49
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot	51
+clock_adjtime	266
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	114
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	113
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	115
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	112
+clock_settime64
+clone	220
+clone3	435
+close	57
+close_range	436
+connect	203
+copy_file_range	285
+creat
+delete_module	106
+dipc
+dup	23
+dup2
+dup3	24
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1	20
+epoll_ctl	21
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	22
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2	19
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	221
+execveat	281
+exit	93
+exit_group	94
+faccessat	48
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	223
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	47
+fanotify_init	262
+fanotify_mark	263
+fchdir	50
+fchmod	52
+fchmodat	53
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	55
+fchown32
+fchownat	54
+fcntl	25
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	83
+fgetxattr	10
+finit_module	273
+flistxattr	13
+flock	32
+fork
+fremovexattr	16
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	7
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	44
+fstatfs64
+fsync	82
+ftruncate	46
+ftruncate64
+futex	98
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy	236
+get_robust_list	100
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	168
+getcwd	17
+getdents
+getdents64	61
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	177
+getegid32
+geteuid	175
+geteuid32
+getgid	176
+getgid32
+getgroups	158
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	102
+getpagesize
+getpeername	205
+getpgid	155
+getpgrp
+getpid	172
+getppid	173
+getpriority	141
+getrandom	278
+getresgid	150
+getresgid32
+getresuid	148
+getresuid32
+getrlimit
+getrusage	165
+getsid	156
+getsockname	204
+getsockopt	209
+gettid	178
+gettimeofday	169
+getuid	174
+getuid32
+getxattr	8
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	105
+inotify_add_watch	27
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1	26
+inotify_rm_watch	28
+io_cancel	3
+io_destroy	1
+io_getevents	4
+io_pgetevents	292
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	0
+io_submit	2
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	29
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	31
+ioprio_set	30
+ipc
+kcmp	272
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	294
+kexec_load	104
+keyctl	219
+kill	129
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	9
+link
+linkat	37
+listen	201
+listxattr	11
+llistxattr	12
+lookup_dcookie	18
+lremovexattr	15
+lseek	62
+lsetxattr	6
+lstat
+lstat64
+madvise	233
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	235
+membarrier	283
+memfd_create	279
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	238
+mincore	232
+mkdir
+mkdirat	34
+mknod
+mknodat	33
+mlock	228
+mlock2	284
+mlockall	230
+mmap	222
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	40
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	239
+mprotect	226
+mq_getsetattr	185
+mq_notify	184
+mq_open	180
+mq_timedreceive	183
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	182
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	181
+mremap	216
+msgctl	187
+msgget	186
+msgrcv	188
+msgsnd	189
+msync	227
+multiplexer
+munlock	229
+munlockall	231
+munmap	215
+name_to_handle_at	264
+nanosleep	101
+newfstatat
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at	265
+open_tree	428
+openat	56
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	241
+perfctr
+personality	92
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe
+pipe2	59
+pivot_root	41
+pkey_alloc	289
+pkey_free	290
+pkey_mprotect	288
+poll
+ppoll	73
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	167
+pread64	67
+preadv	69
+preadv2	286
+prlimit64	261
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	270
+process_vm_writev	271
+pselect6	72
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	117
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	70
+pwritev2	287
+quotactl	60
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	63
+readahead	213
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat	78
+readv	65
+reboot	142
+recv
+recvfrom	207
+recvmmsg	243
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	212
+remap_file_pages	234
+removexattr	14
+rename
+renameat
+renameat2	276
+request_key	218
+restart_syscall	128
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir
+rseq	293
+rt_sigaction	134
+rt_sigpending	136
+rt_sigprocmask	135
+rt_sigqueueinfo	138
+rt_sigreturn	139
+rt_sigsuspend	133
+rt_sigtimedwait	137
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	240
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	125
+sched_get_priority_min	126
+sched_getaffinity	123
+sched_getattr	275
+sched_getparam	121
+sched_getscheduler	120
+sched_rr_get_interval	127
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	122
+sched_setattr	274
+sched_setparam	118
+sched_setscheduler	119
+sched_yield	124
+seccomp	277
+select
+semctl	191
+semget	190
+semop	193
+semtimedop	192
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile	71
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	269
+sendmsg	211
+sendto	206
+set_mempolicy	237
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	99
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	96
+setdomainname	162
+setfsgid	152
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	151
+setfsuid32
+setgid	144
+setgid32
+setgroups	159
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	161
+setitimer	103
+setns	268
+setpgid	154
+setpgrp
+setpriority	140
+setregid	143
+setregid32
+setresgid	149
+setresgid32
+setresuid	147
+setresuid32
+setreuid	145
+setreuid32
+setrlimit
+setsid	157
+setsockopt	208
+settimeofday	170
+setuid	146
+setuid32
+setxattr	5
+sgetmask
+shmat	196
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	197
+shmget	194
+shutdown	210
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	132
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4	74
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	198
+socketcall
+socketpair	199
+splice	76
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs	43
+statfs64
+statx	291
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	225
+swapon	224
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat	36
+sync	81
+sync_file_range	84
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	267
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs
+sysinfo	179
+syslog	116
+sysmips
+tee	77
+tgkill	131
+time
+timer_create	107
+timer_delete	111
+timer_getoverrun	109
+timer_gettime	108
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	110
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	85
+timerfd_gettime	87
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	86
+timerfd_settime64
+times	153
+tkill	130
+truncate	45
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	166
+umount
+umount2	39
+uname	160
+unlink
+unlinkat	35
+unshare	97
+userfaultfd	282
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat	88
+utimensat_time64
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	58
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	75
+wait4	260
+waitid	95
+waitpid
+write	64
+writev	66
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-m68k.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-m68k.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2eb156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-m68k.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept
+accept4	361
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	279
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier	336
+atomic_cmpxchg_32	335
+bind	358
+bpf	354
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush	123
+capget	184
+capset	185
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	16
+chown32	198
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	342
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	261
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	260
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	262
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	259
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	359
+copy_file_range	376
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	326
+epoll_create	249
+epoll_create1	325
+epoll_ctl	250
+epoll_ctl_old
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+eventfd	319
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+execv
+execve	11
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+getdomainname
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+getegid	50
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+getitimer	105
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+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
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+io_pgetevents
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
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+iopl
+ioprio_get	283
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+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	313
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+mount	21
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+munlock	151
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+oldstat	18
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+osf_fstat
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+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
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+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
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+osf_setitimer
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+osf_sigprocmask
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+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
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+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
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+perf_event_open	332
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+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
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+semtimedop_time64	420
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+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	255
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
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+timerfd_settime	321
+timerfd_settime64	411
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+vm86
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diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-mips64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-mips64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..280ffa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-mips64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect	5022
+accept	5042
+accept4	5293
+access	5020
+acct	5158
+add_key	5239
+adjtimex	5154
+alarm	5037
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	5048
+bpf	5315
+brk	5012
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+cacheflush	5197
+capget	5123
+capset	5124
+chdir	5078
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+chown32
+chroot	5156
+clock_adjtime	5300
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	5223
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	5222
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	5224
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	5221
+clock_settime64
+clone	5055
+clone3	5435
+close	5003
+close_range	5436
+connect	5041
+copy_file_range	5320
+creat	5083
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+dipc
+dup	5031
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+eventfd	5278
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+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	5057
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+fadvise64_64
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+fcntl64
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+ftruncate64
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+get_thread_area
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+getcwd	5077
+getdents	5076
+getdents64	5308
+getdomainname
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+getegid	5106
+getegid32
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+geteuid32
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+getgid32
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+getgroups32
+gethostname
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+getpagesize
+getpeername	5051
+getpgid	5119
+getpgrp	5109
+getpid	5038
+getppid	5108
+getpriority	5137
+getrandom	5313
+getresgid	5118
+getresgid32
+getresuid	5116
+getresuid32
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+getrusage	5096
+getsid	5122
+getsockname	5050
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+gettid	5178
+gettimeofday	5094
+getuid	5100
+getuid32
+getxattr	5183
+getxgid
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+inotify_init1	5288
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+ioprio_get	5274
+ioprio_set	5273
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+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	5270
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+oldolduname
+oldstat
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+osf_set_program_attributes
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+osf_settimeofday
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+osf_swapon
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+osf_utsname
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+semtimedop_time64
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+sync_file_range2
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+time
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+timer_gettime	5218
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	5217
+timer_settime64
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+timerfd_settime64
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+unlink	5085
+unlinkat	5253
+unshare	5262
+userfaultfd	5317
+ustat	5133
+utime	5130
+utimensat	5275
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	5226
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	5150
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	5266
+wait4	5059
+waitid	5237
+waitpid
+write	5001
+writev	5019
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-mips64n32.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-mips64n32.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ce5fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-mips64n32.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect	6022
+accept	6042
+accept4	6297
+access	6020
+acct	6158
+add_key	6243
+adjtimex	6154
+alarm	6037
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	6048
+bpf	6319
+brk	6012
+cachectl	6198
+cacheflush	6197
+capget	6123
+capset	6124
+chdir	6078
+chmod	6088
+chown	6090
+chown32
+chroot	6156
+clock_adjtime	6305
+clock_adjtime64	6405
+clock_getres	6227
+clock_getres_time64	6406
+clock_gettime	6226
+clock_gettime64	6403
+clock_nanosleep	6228
+clock_nanosleep_time64	6407
+clock_settime	6225
+clock_settime64	6404
+clone	6055
+clone3	6435
+close	6003
+close_range	6436
+connect	6041
+copy_file_range	6324
+creat	6083
+delete_module	6169
+dipc
+dup	6031
+dup2	6032
+dup3	6290
+epoll_create	6207
+epoll_create1	6289
+epoll_ctl	6208
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	6276
+epoll_pwait2	6441
+epoll_wait	6209
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	6282
+eventfd2	6288
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	6057
+execveat	6320
+exit	6058
+exit_group	6205
+faccessat	6263
+faccessat2	6439
+fadvise64	6216
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	6283
+fanotify_init	6300
+fanotify_mark	6301
+fchdir	6079
+fchmod	6089
+fchmodat	6262
+fchmodat2	6452
+fchown	6091
+fchown32
+fchownat	6254
+fcntl	6070
+fcntl64	6212
+fdatasync	6073
+fgetxattr	6185
+finit_module	6312
+flistxattr	6188
+flock	6071
+fork	6056
+fremovexattr	6191
+fsconfig	6431
+fsetxattr	6182
+fsmount	6432
+fsopen	6430
+fspick	6433
+fstat	6005
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	6135
+fstatfs64	6218
+fsync	6072
+ftruncate	6075
+ftruncate64
+futex	6194
+futex_requeue	6456
+futex_time64	6422
+futex_wait	6455
+futex_waitv	6449
+futex_wake	6454
+futimesat	6255
+get_mempolicy	6232
+get_robust_list	6273
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	6275
+getcwd	6077
+getdents	6076
+getdents64	6299
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	6106
+getegid32
+geteuid	6105
+geteuid32
+getgid	6102
+getgid32
+getgroups	6113
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	6035
+getpagesize
+getpeername	6051
+getpgid	6119
+getpgrp	6109
+getpid	6038
+getppid	6108
+getpriority	6137
+getrandom	6317
+getresgid	6118
+getresgid32
+getresuid	6116
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	6095
+getrusage	6096
+getsid	6122
+getsockname	6050
+getsockopt	6054
+gettid	6178
+gettimeofday	6094
+getuid	6100
+getuid32
+getxattr	6183
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	6168
+inotify_add_watch	6248
+inotify_init	6247
+inotify_init1	6292
+inotify_rm_watch	6249
+io_cancel	6204
+io_destroy	6201
+io_getevents	6202
+io_pgetevents	6332
+io_pgetevents_time64	6416
+io_setup	6200
+io_submit	6203
+io_uring_enter	6426
+io_uring_register	6427
+io_uring_setup	6425
+ioctl	6015
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	6278
+ioprio_set	6277
+ipc
+kcmp	6311
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	6274
+keyctl	6245
+kill	6060
+landlock_add_rule	6445
+landlock_create_ruleset	6444
+landlock_restrict_self	6446
+lchown	6092
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	6184
+link	6084
+linkat	6259
+listen	6049
+listxattr	6186
+llistxattr	6187
+lookup_dcookie	6206
+lremovexattr	6190
+lseek	6008
+lsetxattr	6181
+lstat	6006
+lstat64
+madvise	6027
+map_shadow_stack	6453
+mbind	6231
+membarrier	6322
+memfd_create	6318
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	6250
+mincore	6026
+mkdir	6081
+mkdirat	6252
+mknod	6131
+mknodat	6253
+mlock	6146
+mlock2	6323
+mlockall	6148
+mmap	6009
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	6160
+mount_setattr	6442
+move_mount	6429
+move_pages	6271
+mprotect	6010
+mq_getsetattr	6239
+mq_notify	6238
+mq_open	6234
+mq_timedreceive	6237
+mq_timedreceive_time64	6419
+mq_timedsend	6236
+mq_timedsend_time64	6418
+mq_unlink	6235
+mremap	6024
+msgctl	6069
+msgget	6066
+msgrcv	6068
+msgsnd	6067
+msync	6025
+multiplexer
+munlock	6147
+munlockall	6149
+munmap	6011
+name_to_handle_at	6303
+nanosleep	6034
+newfstatat	6256
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	6002
+open_by_handle_at	6304
+open_tree	6428
+openat	6251
+openat2	6437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	6033
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	6296
+perfctr
+personality	6132
+pidfd_getfd	6438
+pidfd_open	6434
+pidfd_send_signal	6424
+pipe	6021
+pipe2	6291
+pivot_root	6151
+pkey_alloc	6328
+pkey_free	6329
+pkey_mprotect	6327
+poll	6007
+ppoll	6265
+ppoll_time64	6414
+prctl	6153
+pread64	6016
+preadv	6293
+preadv2	6325
+prlimit64	6302
+process_madvise	6440
+process_mrelease	6448
+process_vm_readv	6309
+process_vm_writev	6310
+pselect6	6264
+pselect6_time64	6413
+ptrace	6099
+pwrite64	6017
+pwritev	6294
+pwritev2	6326
+quotactl	6172
+quotactl_fd	6443
+read	6000
+readahead	6179
+readdir
+readlink	6087
+readlinkat	6261
+readv	6018
+reboot	6164
+recv
+recvfrom	6044
+recvmmsg	6298
+recvmmsg_time64	6417
+recvmsg	6046
+remap_file_pages	6210
+removexattr	6189
+rename	6080
+renameat	6258
+renameat2	6315
+request_key	6244
+restart_syscall	6214
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	6082
+rseq	6331
+rt_sigaction	6013
+rt_sigpending	6125
+rt_sigprocmask	6014
+rt_sigqueueinfo	6127
+rt_sigreturn	6211
+rt_sigsuspend	6128
+rt_sigtimedwait	6126
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	6421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	6295
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	6143
+sched_get_priority_min	6144
+sched_getaffinity	6196
+sched_getattr	6314
+sched_getparam	6140
+sched_getscheduler	6142
+sched_rr_get_interval	6145
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	6423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	6195
+sched_setattr	6313
+sched_setparam	6139
+sched_setscheduler	6141
+sched_yield	6023
+seccomp	6316
+select
+semctl	6064
+semget	6062
+semop	6063
+semtimedop	6215
+semtimedop_time64	6420
+send
+sendfile	6039
+sendfile64	6219
+sendmmsg	6307
+sendmsg	6045
+sendto	6043
+set_mempolicy	6233
+set_mempolicy_home_node	6450
+set_robust_list	6272
+set_thread_area	6246
+set_tid_address	6213
+setdomainname	6166
+setfsgid	6121
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	6120
+setfsuid32
+setgid	6104
+setgid32
+setgroups	6114
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	6165
+setitimer	6036
+setns	6308
+setpgid	6107
+setpgrp
+setpriority	6138
+setregid	6112
+setregid32
+setresgid	6117
+setresgid32
+setresuid	6115
+setresuid32
+setreuid	6111
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	6155
+setsid	6110
+setsockopt	6053
+settimeofday	6159
+setuid	6103
+setuid32
+setxattr	6180
+sgetmask
+shmat	6029
+shmctl	6030
+shmdt	6065
+shmget	6028
+shutdown	6047
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	6129
+signal
+signalfd	6280
+signalfd4	6287
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	6040
+socketcall
+socketpair	6052
+splice	6267
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	6004
+stat64
+statfs	6134
+statfs64	6217
+statx	6330
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	6163
+swapon	6162
+switch_endian
+symlink	6086
+symlinkat	6260
+sync	6157
+sync_file_range	6268
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	6306
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	6136
+sysinfo	6097
+syslog	6101
+sysmips	6199
+tee	6269
+tgkill	6229
+time
+timer_create	6220
+timer_delete	6224
+timer_getoverrun	6223
+timer_gettime	6222
+timer_gettime64	6408
+timer_settime	6221
+timer_settime64	6409
+timerfd	6281
+timerfd_create	6284
+timerfd_gettime	6285
+timerfd_gettime64	6410
+timerfd_settime	6286
+timerfd_settime64	6411
+times	6098
+tkill	6192
+truncate	6074
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	6093
+umount
+umount2	6161
+uname	6061
+unlink	6085
+unlinkat	6257
+unshare	6266
+userfaultfd	6321
+ustat	6133
+utime	6130
+utimensat	6279
+utimensat_time64	6412
+utimes	6230
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	6150
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	6270
+wait4	6059
+waitid	6241
+waitpid
+write	6001
+writev	6019
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-mipso32.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-mipso32.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04fa146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-mipso32.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	4140
+_newselect	4142
+accept	4168
+accept4	4334
+access	4033
+acct	4051
+add_key	4280
+adjtimex	4124
+alarm	4027
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	4169
+bpf	4355
+brk	4045
+cachectl	4148
+cacheflush	4147
+capget	4204
+capset	4205
+chdir	4012
+chmod	4015
+chown	4202
+chown32
+chroot	4061
+clock_adjtime	4341
+clock_adjtime64	4405
+clock_getres	4264
+clock_getres_time64	4406
+clock_gettime	4263
+clock_gettime64	4403
+clock_nanosleep	4265
+clock_nanosleep_time64	4407
+clock_settime	4262
+clock_settime64	4404
+clone	4120
+clone3	4435
+close	4006
+close_range	4436
+connect	4170
+copy_file_range	4360
+creat	4008
+delete_module	4129
+dipc
+dup	4041
+dup2	4063
+dup3	4327
+epoll_create	4248
+epoll_create1	4326
+epoll_ctl	4249
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	4313
+epoll_pwait2	4441
+epoll_wait	4250
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	4319
+eventfd2	4325
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	4011
+execveat	4356
+exit	4001
+exit_group	4246
+faccessat	4300
+faccessat2	4439
+fadvise64	4254
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	4320
+fanotify_init	4336
+fanotify_mark	4337
+fchdir	4133
+fchmod	4094
+fchmodat	4299
+fchmodat2	4452
+fchown	4095
+fchown32
+fchownat	4291
+fcntl	4055
+fcntl64	4220
+fdatasync	4152
+fgetxattr	4229
+finit_module	4348
+flistxattr	4232
+flock	4143
+fork	4002
+fremovexattr	4235
+fsconfig	4431
+fsetxattr	4226
+fsmount	4432
+fsopen	4430
+fspick	4433
+fstat	4108
+fstat64	4215
+fstatat64	4293
+fstatfs	4100
+fstatfs64	4256
+fsync	4118
+ftruncate	4093
+ftruncate64	4212
+futex	4238
+futex_requeue	4456
+futex_time64	4422
+futex_wait	4455
+futex_waitv	4449
+futex_wake	4454
+futimesat	4292
+get_mempolicy	4269
+get_robust_list	4310
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	4312
+getcwd	4203
+getdents	4141
+getdents64	4219
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	4050
+getegid32
+geteuid	4049
+geteuid32
+getgid	4047
+getgid32
+getgroups	4080
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	4105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	4171
+getpgid	4132
+getpgrp	4065
+getpid	4020
+getppid	4064
+getpriority	4096
+getrandom	4353
+getresgid	4191
+getresgid32
+getresuid	4186
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	4076
+getrusage	4077
+getsid	4151
+getsockname	4172
+getsockopt	4173
+gettid	4222
+gettimeofday	4078
+getuid	4024
+getuid32
+getxattr	4227
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	4128
+inotify_add_watch	4285
+inotify_init	4284
+inotify_init1	4329
+inotify_rm_watch	4286
+io_cancel	4245
+io_destroy	4242
+io_getevents	4243
+io_pgetevents	4368
+io_pgetevents_time64	4416
+io_setup	4241
+io_submit	4244
+io_uring_enter	4426
+io_uring_register	4427
+io_uring_setup	4425
+ioctl	4054
+ioperm	4101
+iopl	4110
+ioprio_get	4315
+ioprio_set	4314
+ipc	4117
+kcmp	4347
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	4311
+keyctl	4282
+kill	4037
+landlock_add_rule	4445
+landlock_create_ruleset	4444
+landlock_restrict_self	4446
+lchown	4016
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	4228
+link	4009
+linkat	4296
+listen	4174
+listxattr	4230
+llistxattr	4231
+lookup_dcookie	4247
+lremovexattr	4234
+lseek	4019
+lsetxattr	4225
+lstat	4107
+lstat64	4214
+madvise	4218
+map_shadow_stack	4453
+mbind	4268
+membarrier	4358
+memfd_create	4354
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	4287
+mincore	4217
+mkdir	4039
+mkdirat	4289
+mknod	4014
+mknodat	4290
+mlock	4154
+mlock2	4359
+mlockall	4156
+mmap	4090
+mmap2	4210
+modify_ldt	4123
+mount	4021
+mount_setattr	4442
+move_mount	4429
+move_pages	4308
+mprotect	4125
+mq_getsetattr	4276
+mq_notify	4275
+mq_open	4271
+mq_timedreceive	4274
+mq_timedreceive_time64	4419
+mq_timedsend	4273
+mq_timedsend_time64	4418
+mq_unlink	4272
+mremap	4167
+msgctl	4402
+msgget	4399
+msgrcv	4401
+msgsnd	4400
+msync	4144
+multiplexer
+munlock	4155
+munlockall	4157
+munmap	4091
+name_to_handle_at	4339
+nanosleep	4166
+newfstatat
+nice	4034
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	4005
+open_by_handle_at	4340
+open_tree	4428
+openat	4288
+openat2	4437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	4029
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	4333
+perfctr
+personality	4136
+pidfd_getfd	4438
+pidfd_open	4434
+pidfd_send_signal	4424
+pipe	4042
+pipe2	4328
+pivot_root	4216
+pkey_alloc	4364
+pkey_free	4365
+pkey_mprotect	4363
+poll	4188
+ppoll	4302
+ppoll_time64	4414
+prctl	4192
+pread64	4200
+preadv	4330
+preadv2	4361
+prlimit64	4338
+process_madvise	4440
+process_mrelease	4448
+process_vm_readv	4345
+process_vm_writev	4346
+pselect6	4301
+pselect6_time64	4413
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+pwritev	4331
+pwritev2	4362
+quotactl	4131
+quotactl_fd	4443
+read	4003
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+readdir	4089
+readlink	4085
+readlinkat	4298
+readv	4145
+reboot	4088
+recv	4175
+recvfrom	4176
+recvmmsg	4335
+recvmmsg_time64	4417
+recvmsg	4177
+remap_file_pages	4251
+removexattr	4233
+rename	4038
+renameat	4295
+renameat2	4351
+request_key	4281
+restart_syscall	4253
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	4040
+rseq	4367
+rt_sigaction	4194
+rt_sigpending	4196
+rt_sigprocmask	4195
+rt_sigqueueinfo	4198
+rt_sigreturn	4193
+rt_sigsuspend	4199
+rt_sigtimedwait	4197
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	4421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	4332
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	4163
+sched_get_priority_min	4164
+sched_getaffinity	4240
+sched_getattr	4350
+sched_getparam	4159
+sched_getscheduler	4161
+sched_rr_get_interval	4165
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	4423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	4239
+sched_setattr	4349
+sched_setparam	4158
+sched_setscheduler	4160
+sched_yield	4162
+seccomp	4352
+select
+semctl	4394
+semget	4393
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	4420
+send	4178
+sendfile	4207
+sendfile64	4237
+sendmmsg	4343
+sendmsg	4179
+sendto	4180
+set_mempolicy	4270
+set_mempolicy_home_node	4450
+set_robust_list	4309
+set_thread_area	4283
+set_tid_address	4252
+setdomainname	4121
+setfsgid	4139
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	4138
+setfsuid32
+setgid	4046
+setgid32
+setgroups	4081
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	4074
+setitimer	4104
+setns	4344
+setpgid	4057
+setpgrp
+setpriority	4097
+setregid	4071
+setregid32
+setresgid	4190
+setresgid32
+setresuid	4185
+setresuid32
+setreuid	4070
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	4075
+setsid	4066
+setsockopt	4181
+settimeofday	4079
+setuid	4023
+setuid32
+setxattr	4224
+sgetmask	4068
+shmat	4397
+shmctl	4396
+shmdt	4398
+shmget	4395
+shutdown	4182
+sigaction	4067
+sigaltstack	4206
+signal	4048
+signalfd	4317
+signalfd4	4324
+sigpending	4073
+sigprocmask	4126
+sigreturn	4119
+sigsuspend	4072
+socket	4183
+socketcall	4102
+socketpair	4184
+splice	4304
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask	4069
+stat	4106
+stat64	4213
+statfs	4099
+statfs64	4255
+statx	4366
+stime	4025
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	4115
+swapon	4087
+switch_endian
+symlink	4083
+symlinkat	4297
+sync	4036
+sync_file_range	4305
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	4342
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall	4000
+sysfs	4135
+sysinfo	4116
+syslog	4103
+sysmips	4149
+tee	4306
+tgkill	4266
+time	4013
+timer_create	4257
+timer_delete	4261
+timer_getoverrun	4260
+timer_gettime	4259
+timer_gettime64	4408
+timer_settime	4258
+timer_settime64	4409
+timerfd	4318
+timerfd_create	4321
+timerfd_gettime	4322
+timerfd_gettime64	4410
+timerfd_settime	4323
+timerfd_settime64	4411
+times	4043
+tkill	4236
+truncate	4092
+truncate64	4211
+ugetrlimit
+umask	4060
+umount	4022
+umount2	4052
+uname	4122
+unlink	4010
+unlinkat	4294
+unshare	4303
+userfaultfd	4357
+ustat	4062
+utime	4030
+utimensat	4316
+utimensat_time64	4412
+utimes	4267
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	4111
+vm86	4113
+vm86old
+vmsplice	4307
+wait4	4114
+waitid	4278
+waitpid	4007
+write	4004
+writev	4146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-parisc.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-parisc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31a31ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-parisc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept	35
+accept4	320
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	264
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	22
+bpf	341
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	106
+capset	107
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	180
+chown32
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	324
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	257
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	256
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	258
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	255
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	31
+copy_file_range	346
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	312
+epoll_create	224
+epoll_create1	311
+epoll_ctl	225
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	297
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	226
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	304
+eventfd2	310
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	342
+exit	1
+exit_group	222
+faccessat	287
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64
+fadvise64_64	236
+fallocate	305
+fanotify_init	322
+fanotify_mark	323
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	286
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32
+fchownat	278
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64	202
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	243
+finit_module	333
+flistxattr	246
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	249
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	240
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	28
+fstat64	112
+fstatat64	280
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	299
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64	200
+futex	210
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	279
+get_mempolicy	261
+get_robust_list	290
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	296
+getcwd	110
+getdents	141
+getdents64	201
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32
+getgid	47
+getgid32
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	53
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	339
+getresgid	171
+getresgid32
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	76
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	44
+getsockopt	182
+gettid	206
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32
+getxattr	241
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	270
+inotify_init	269
+inotify_init1	314
+inotify_rm_watch	271
+io_cancel	219
+io_destroy	216
+io_getevents	217
+io_pgetevents	350
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	215
+io_submit	218
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	268
+ioprio_set	267
+ipc
+kcmp	332
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	355
+kexec_load	300
+keyctl	266
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	242
+link	9
+linkat	283
+listen	32
+listxattr	244
+llistxattr	245
+lookup_dcookie	223
+lremovexattr	248
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	239
+lstat	84
+lstat64	198
+madvise	119
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	260
+membarrier	343
+memfd_create	340
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	272
+mincore	72
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+mkdirat	276
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+mknodat	277
+mlock	150
+mlock2	345
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+mmap	90
+mmap2	89
+modify_ldt
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	295
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	234
+mq_notify	233
+mq_open	229
+mq_timedreceive	232
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	231
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	230
+mremap	163
+msgctl	191
+msgget	190
+msgrcv	189
+msgsnd	188
+msync	144
+multiplexer
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	325
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	5
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+open_tree	428
+openat	275
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+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
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+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	318
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
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+pidfd_send_signal	424
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+ptrace	26
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+pwritev	316
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+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	207
+readdir
+readlink	85
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+recv	98
+recvfrom	123
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+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	184
+remap_file_pages	227
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+rename	38
+renameat	282
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+request_key	265
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	354
+rt_sigaction	174
+rt_sigpending	176
+rt_sigprocmask	175
+rt_sigqueueinfo	178
+rt_sigreturn	173
+rt_sigsuspend	179
+rt_sigtimedwait	177
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	317
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	212
+sched_getattr	335
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	211
+sched_setattr	334
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	338
+select
+semctl	187
+semget	186
+semop	185
+semtimedop	228
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send	58
+sendfile	122
+sendfile64	209
+sendmmsg	329
+sendmsg	183
+sendto	82
+set_mempolicy	262
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	289
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	237
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+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32
+setgid	46
+setgid32
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+sethae
+sethostname	74
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+setresuid	164
+setresuid32
+setreuid	70
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+setrlimit	75
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+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32
+setxattr	238
+sgetmask	68
+shmat	192
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	193
+shmget	194
+shutdown	117
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	166
+signal	48
+signalfd	302
+signalfd4	309
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	17
+socketcall
+socketpair	56
+splice	291
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask	69
+stat	18
+stat64	101
+statfs	99
+statfs64	298
+statx	349
+stime	25
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	284
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	292
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	327
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	293
+tgkill	259
+time	13
+timer_create	250
+timer_delete	254
+timer_getoverrun	253
+timer_gettime	252
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	251
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	306
+timerfd_gettime	308
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	307
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	208
+truncate	92
+truncate64	199
+ugetrlimit
+umask	60
+umount
+umount2	52
+uname	59
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	281
+unshare	288
+userfaultfd	344
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	301
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	336
+utrap_install
+vfork	113
+vhangup	111
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	294
+wait4	114
+waitid	235
+waitpid	7
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87f546c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept	330
+accept4	344
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	269
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	327
+bpf	361
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	183
+capset	184
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	181
+chown32
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	347
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	247
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	246
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	248
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	245
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	328
+copy_file_range	379
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	316
+epoll_create	236
+epoll_create1	315
+epoll_ctl	237
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	303
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	238
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	307
+eventfd2	314
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	362
+exit	1
+exit_group	234
+faccessat	298
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	233
+fadvise64_64	254
+fallocate	309
+fanotify_init	323
+fanotify_mark	324
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	297
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32
+fchownat	289
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64	204
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	214
+finit_module	353
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+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	220
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	211
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64	197
+fstatat64	291
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	253
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64	194
+futex	221
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	290
+get_mempolicy	260
+get_robust_list	299
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	302
+getcwd	182
+getdents	141
+getdents64	202
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32
+getgid	47
+getgid32
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	332
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	359
+getresgid	170
+getresgid32
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	76
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	331
+getsockopt	340
+gettid	207
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32
+getxattr	212
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	276
+inotify_init	275
+inotify_init1	318
+inotify_rm_watch	277
+io_cancel	231
+io_destroy	228
+io_getevents	229
+io_pgetevents	388
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	227
+io_submit	230
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm	101
+iopl	110
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+ioprio_set	273
+ipc	117
+kcmp	354
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	382
+kexec_load	268
+keyctl	271
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+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32
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+link	9
+linkat	294
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+llistxattr	216
+lookup_dcookie	235
+lremovexattr	219
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	210
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+lstat64	196
+madvise	205
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	259
+membarrier	365
+memfd_create	360
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	258
+mincore	206
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+mkdirat	287
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+mknodat	288
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+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
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+mq_timedsend_time64	418
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+name_to_handle_at	345
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+oldlstat	84
+oldolduname	59
+oldstat	18
+oldumount
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+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
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+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
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+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
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+process_vm_writev	352
+pselect6	280
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	180
+pwritev	321
+pwritev2	381
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	191
+readdir	89
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	296
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv	336
+recvfrom	337
+recvmmsg	343
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	342
+remap_file_pages	239
+removexattr	218
+rename	38
+renameat	293
+renameat2	357
+request_key	270
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	387
+rt_sigaction	173
+rt_sigpending	175
+rt_sigprocmask	174
+rt_sigqueueinfo	177
+rt_sigreturn	172
+rt_sigsuspend	178
+rt_sigtimedwait	176
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	322
+rtas	255
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	223
+sched_getattr	356
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	222
+sched_setattr	355
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	358
+select	82
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send	334
+sendfile	186
+sendfile64	226
+sendmmsg	349
+sendmsg	341
+sendto	335
+set_mempolicy	261
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	300
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	232
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	139
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32
+setgid	46
+setgid32
+setgroups	81
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	74
+setitimer	104
+setns	350
+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	71
+setregid32
+setresgid	169
+setresgid32
+setresuid	164
+setresuid32
+setreuid	70
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	339
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32
+setxattr	209
+sgetmask	68
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	338
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	185
+signal	48
+signalfd	305
+signalfd4	313
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	326
+socketcall	102
+socketpair	333
+splice	283
+spu_create	279
+spu_run	278
+ssetmask	69
+stat	106
+stat64	195
+statfs	99
+statfs64	252
+statx	383
+stime	25
+subpage_prot	310
+swapcontext	249
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian	363
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	295
+sync	36
+sync_file_range
+sync_file_range2	308
+syncfs	348
+sys_debug_setcontext	256
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	284
+tgkill	250
+time	13
+timer_create	240
+timer_delete	244
+timer_getoverrun	243
+timer_gettime	242
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	241
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	306
+timerfd_gettime	312
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	311
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	208
+truncate	92
+truncate64	193
+ugetrlimit	190
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	292
+unshare	282
+userfaultfd	364
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	304
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	251
+utrap_install
+vfork	189
+vhangup	111
+vm86	113
+vm86old
+vmsplice	285
+wait4	114
+waitid	272
+waitpid	7
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aabdfcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-powerpc64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept	330
+accept4	344
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	269
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	327
+bpf	361
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	183
+capset	184
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	181
+chown32
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	347
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	247
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	246
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	248
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	245
+clock_settime64
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	328
+copy_file_range	379
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	316
+epoll_create	236
+epoll_create1	315
+epoll_ctl	237
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	303
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	238
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	307
+eventfd2	314
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	362
+exit	1
+exit_group	234
+faccessat	298
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	233
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	309
+fanotify_init	323
+fanotify_mark	324
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	297
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32
+fchownat	289
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	214
+finit_module	353
+flistxattr	217
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	220
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	211
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	253
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64
+futex	221
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	290
+get_mempolicy	260
+get_robust_list	299
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	302
+getcwd	182
+getdents	141
+getdents64	202
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32
+getgid	47
+getgid32
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	332
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	359
+getresgid	170
+getresgid32
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	76
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	331
+getsockopt	340
+gettid	207
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32
+getxattr	212
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	276
+inotify_init	275
+inotify_init1	318
+inotify_rm_watch	277
+io_cancel	231
+io_destroy	228
+io_getevents	229
+io_pgetevents	388
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	227
+io_submit	230
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm	101
+iopl	110
+ioprio_get	274
+ioprio_set	273
+ipc	117
+kcmp	354
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	382
+kexec_load	268
+keyctl	271
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	213
+link	9
+linkat	294
+listen	329
+listxattr	215
+llistxattr	216
+lookup_dcookie	235
+lremovexattr	219
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	210
+lstat	107
+lstat64
+madvise	205
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	259
+membarrier	365
+memfd_create	360
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	258
+mincore	206
+mkdir	39
+mkdirat	287
+mknod	14
+mknodat	288
+mlock	150
+mlock2	378
+mlockall	152
+mmap	90
+mmap2
+modify_ldt	123
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	301
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	267
+mq_notify	266
+mq_open	262
+mq_timedreceive	265
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	264
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	263
+mremap	163
+msgctl	402
+msgget	399
+msgrcv	401
+msgsnd	400
+msync	144
+multiplexer	201
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	345
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat	291
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat	28
+oldlstat	84
+oldolduname	59
+oldstat	18
+oldumount
+olduname	109
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	346
+open_tree	428
+openat	286
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase	200
+pciconfig_read	198
+pciconfig_write	199
+perf_event_open	319
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	317
+pivot_root	203
+pkey_alloc	384
+pkey_free	385
+pkey_mprotect	386
+poll	167
+ppoll	281
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	171
+pread64	179
+preadv	320
+preadv2	380
+prlimit64	325
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	351
+process_vm_writev	352
+pselect6	280
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	180
+pwritev	321
+pwritev2	381
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	191
+readdir	89
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	296
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv	336
+recvfrom	337
+recvmmsg	343
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	342
+remap_file_pages	239
+removexattr	218
+rename	38
+renameat	293
+renameat2	357
+request_key	270
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	387
+rt_sigaction	173
+rt_sigpending	175
+rt_sigprocmask	174
+rt_sigqueueinfo	177
+rt_sigreturn	172
+rt_sigsuspend	178
+rt_sigtimedwait	176
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	322
+rtas	255
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	223
+sched_getattr	356
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	222
+sched_setattr	355
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	358
+select	82
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop	392
+semtimedop_time64
+send	334
+sendfile	186
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	349
+sendmsg	341
+sendto	335
+set_mempolicy	261
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	300
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	232
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	139
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32
+setgid	46
+setgid32
+setgroups	81
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	74
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+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	71
+setregid32
+setresgid	169
+setresgid32
+setresuid	164
+setresuid32
+setreuid	70
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	339
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32
+setxattr	209
+sgetmask	68
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	338
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	185
+signal	48
+signalfd	305
+signalfd4	313
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	326
+socketcall	102
+socketpair	333
+splice	283
+spu_create	279
+spu_run	278
+ssetmask	69
+stat	106
+stat64
+statfs	99
+statfs64	252
+statx	383
+stime	25
+subpage_prot	310
+swapcontext	249
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian	363
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	295
+sync	36
+sync_file_range
+sync_file_range2	308
+syncfs	348
+sys_debug_setcontext	256
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	284
+tgkill	250
+time	13
+timer_create	240
+timer_delete	244
+timer_getoverrun	243
+timer_gettime	242
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	241
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	306
+timerfd_gettime	312
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	311
+timerfd_settime64
+times	43
+tkill	208
+truncate	92
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit	190
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	292
+unshare	282
+userfaultfd	364
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	304
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	251
+utrap_install
+vfork	189
+vhangup	111
+vm86	113
+vm86old
+vmsplice	285
+wait4	114
+waitid	272
+waitpid	7
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-riscv32.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-riscv32.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a791047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-riscv32.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	202
+accept4	242
+access
+acct	89
+add_key	217
+adjtimex
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	200
+bpf	280
+brk	214
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	90
+capset	91
+chdir	49
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot	51
+clock_adjtime
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	220
+clone3	435
+close	57
+close_range	436
+connect	203
+copy_file_range	285
+creat
+delete_module	106
+dipc
+dup	23
+dup2
+dup3	24
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1	20
+epoll_ctl	21
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	22
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2	19
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	221
+execveat	281
+exit	93
+exit_group	94
+faccessat	48
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64
+fadvise64_64	223
+fallocate	47
+fanotify_init	262
+fanotify_mark	263
+fchdir	50
+fchmod	52
+fchmodat	53
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	55
+fchown32
+fchownat	54
+fcntl
+fcntl64	25
+fdatasync	83
+fgetxattr	10
+finit_module	273
+flistxattr	13
+flock	32
+fork
+fremovexattr	16
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	7
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs
+fstatfs64	44
+fsync	82
+ftruncate
+ftruncate64	46
+futex
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy	236
+get_robust_list	100
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	168
+getcwd	17
+getdents
+getdents64	61
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	177
+getegid32
+geteuid	175
+geteuid32
+getgid	176
+getgid32
+getgroups	158
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	102
+getpagesize
+getpeername	205
+getpgid	155
+getpgrp
+getpid	172
+getppid	173
+getpriority	141
+getrandom	278
+getresgid	150
+getresgid32
+getresuid	148
+getresuid32
+getrlimit
+getrusage	165
+getsid	156
+getsockname	204
+getsockopt	209
+gettid	178
+gettimeofday
+getuid	174
+getuid32
+getxattr	8
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	105
+inotify_add_watch	27
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1	26
+inotify_rm_watch	28
+io_cancel	3
+io_destroy	1
+io_getevents
+io_pgetevents
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	0
+io_submit	2
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	29
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	31
+ioprio_set	30
+ipc
+kcmp	272
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	294
+kexec_load	104
+keyctl	219
+kill	129
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	9
+link
+linkat	37
+listen	201
+listxattr	11
+llistxattr	12
+lookup_dcookie	18
+lremovexattr	15
+lseek
+lsetxattr	6
+lstat
+lstat64
+madvise	233
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	235
+membarrier	283
+memfd_create	279
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	238
+mincore	232
+mkdir
+mkdirat	34
+mknod
+mknodat	33
+mlock	228
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+mlockall	230
+mmap
+mmap2	222
+modify_ldt
+mount	40
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	239
+mprotect	226
+mq_getsetattr	185
+mq_notify	184
+mq_open	180
+mq_timedreceive
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	181
+mremap	216
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+msgget	186
+msgrcv	188
+msgsnd	189
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+multiplexer
+munlock	229
+munlockall	231
+munmap	215
+name_to_handle_at	264
+nanosleep
+newfstatat
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at	265
+open_tree	428
+openat	56
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	241
+perfctr
+personality	92
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe
+pipe2	59
+pivot_root	41
+pkey_alloc	289
+pkey_free	290
+pkey_mprotect	288
+poll
+ppoll
+ppoll_time64	414
+prctl	167
+pread64	67
+preadv	69
+preadv2	286
+prlimit64	261
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	270
+process_vm_writev	271
+pselect6
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	117
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	70
+pwritev2	287
+quotactl	60
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	63
+readahead	213
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat	78
+readv	65
+reboot	142
+recv
+recvfrom	207
+recvmmsg
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	212
+remap_file_pages	234
+removexattr	14
+rename
+renameat
+renameat2	276
+request_key	218
+restart_syscall	128
+riscv_flush_icache	259
+riscv_hwprobe	258
+rmdir
+rseq	293
+rt_sigaction	134
+rt_sigpending	136
+rt_sigprocmask	135
+rt_sigqueueinfo	138
+rt_sigreturn	139
+rt_sigsuspend	133
+rt_sigtimedwait
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	240
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	125
+sched_get_priority_min	126
+sched_getaffinity	123
+sched_getattr	275
+sched_getparam	121
+sched_getscheduler	120
+sched_rr_get_interval
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	122
+sched_setattr	274
+sched_setparam	118
+sched_setscheduler	119
+sched_yield	124
+seccomp	277
+select
+semctl	191
+semget	190
+semop	193
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send
+sendfile
+sendfile64	71
+sendmmsg	269
+sendmsg	211
+sendto	206
+set_mempolicy	237
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	99
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	96
+setdomainname	162
+setfsgid	152
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	151
+setfsuid32
+setgid	144
+setgid32
+setgroups	159
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	161
+setitimer	103
+setns	268
+setpgid	154
+setpgrp
+setpriority	140
+setregid	143
+setregid32
+setresgid	149
+setresgid32
+setresuid	147
+setresuid32
+setreuid	145
+setreuid32
+setrlimit
+setsid	157
+setsockopt	208
+settimeofday
+setuid	146
+setuid32
+setxattr	5
+sgetmask
+shmat	196
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	197
+shmget	194
+shutdown	210
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	132
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4	74
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	198
+socketcall
+socketpair	199
+splice	76
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs
+statfs64	43
+statx	291
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	225
+swapon	224
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat	36
+sync	81
+sync_file_range	84
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	267
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs
+sysinfo	179
+syslog	116
+sysmips
+tee	77
+tgkill	131
+time
+timer_create	107
+timer_delete	111
+timer_getoverrun	109
+timer_gettime
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	85
+timerfd_gettime
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	153
+tkill	130
+truncate
+truncate64	45
+ugetrlimit
+umask	166
+umount
+umount2	39
+uname	160
+unlink
+unlinkat	35
+unshare	97
+userfaultfd	282
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	58
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	75
+wait4
+waitid	95
+waitpid
+write	64
+writev	66
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-riscv64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-riscv64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13bfa5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-riscv64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	202
+accept4	242
+access
+acct	89
+add_key	217
+adjtimex	171
+alarm
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	200
+bpf	280
+brk	214
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	90
+capset	91
+chdir	49
+chmod
+chown
+chown32
+chroot	51
+clock_adjtime	266
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	114
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	113
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	115
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	112
+clock_settime64
+clone	220
+clone3	435
+close	57
+close_range	436
+connect	203
+copy_file_range	285
+creat
+delete_module	106
+dipc
+dup	23
+dup2
+dup3	24
+epoll_create
+epoll_create1	20
+epoll_ctl	21
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	22
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd
+eventfd2	19
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	221
+execveat	281
+exit	93
+exit_group	94
+faccessat	48
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	223
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	47
+fanotify_init	262
+fanotify_mark	263
+fchdir	50
+fchmod	52
+fchmodat	53
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	55
+fchown32
+fchownat	54
+fcntl	25
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	83
+fgetxattr	10
+finit_module	273
+flistxattr	13
+flock	32
+fork
+fremovexattr	16
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	7
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	80
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	44
+fstatfs64
+fsync	82
+ftruncate	46
+ftruncate64
+futex	98
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat
+get_mempolicy	236
+get_robust_list	100
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	168
+getcwd	17
+getdents
+getdents64	61
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	177
+getegid32
+geteuid	175
+geteuid32
+getgid	176
+getgid32
+getgroups	158
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	102
+getpagesize
+getpeername	205
+getpgid	155
+getpgrp
+getpid	172
+getppid	173
+getpriority	141
+getrandom	278
+getresgid	150
+getresgid32
+getresuid	148
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	163
+getrusage	165
+getsid	156
+getsockname	204
+getsockopt	209
+gettid	178
+gettimeofday	169
+getuid	174
+getuid32
+getxattr	8
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	105
+inotify_add_watch	27
+inotify_init
+inotify_init1	26
+inotify_rm_watch	28
+io_cancel	3
+io_destroy	1
+io_getevents	4
+io_pgetevents	292
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	0
+io_submit	2
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	29
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	31
+ioprio_set	30
+ipc
+kcmp	272
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	294
+kexec_load	104
+keyctl	219
+kill	129
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	9
+link
+linkat	37
+listen	201
+listxattr	11
+llistxattr	12
+lookup_dcookie	18
+lremovexattr	15
+lseek	62
+lsetxattr	6
+lstat
+lstat64
+madvise	233
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	235
+membarrier	283
+memfd_create	279
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	238
+mincore	232
+mkdir
+mkdirat	34
+mknod
+mknodat	33
+mlock	228
+mlock2	284
+mlockall	230
+mmap	222
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	40
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	239
+mprotect	226
+mq_getsetattr	185
+mq_notify	184
+mq_open	180
+mq_timedreceive	183
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	182
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	181
+mremap	216
+msgctl	187
+msgget	186
+msgrcv	188
+msgsnd	189
+msync	227
+multiplexer
+munlock	229
+munlockall	231
+munmap	215
+name_to_handle_at	264
+nanosleep	101
+newfstatat	79
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open
+open_by_handle_at	265
+open_tree	428
+openat	56
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	241
+perfctr
+personality	92
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe
+pipe2	59
+pivot_root	41
+pkey_alloc	289
+pkey_free	290
+pkey_mprotect	288
+poll
+ppoll	73
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	167
+pread64	67
+preadv	69
+preadv2	286
+prlimit64	261
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	270
+process_vm_writev	271
+pselect6	72
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	117
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	70
+pwritev2	287
+quotactl	60
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	63
+readahead	213
+readdir
+readlink
+readlinkat	78
+readv	65
+reboot	142
+recv
+recvfrom	207
+recvmmsg	243
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	212
+remap_file_pages	234
+removexattr	14
+rename
+renameat
+renameat2	276
+request_key	218
+restart_syscall	128
+riscv_flush_icache	259
+riscv_hwprobe	258
+rmdir
+rseq	293
+rt_sigaction	134
+rt_sigpending	136
+rt_sigprocmask	135
+rt_sigqueueinfo	138
+rt_sigreturn	139
+rt_sigsuspend	133
+rt_sigtimedwait	137
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	240
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	125
+sched_get_priority_min	126
+sched_getaffinity	123
+sched_getattr	275
+sched_getparam	121
+sched_getscheduler	120
+sched_rr_get_interval	127
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	122
+sched_setattr	274
+sched_setparam	118
+sched_setscheduler	119
+sched_yield	124
+seccomp	277
+select
+semctl	191
+semget	190
+semop	193
+semtimedop	192
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile	71
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	269
+sendmsg	211
+sendto	206
+set_mempolicy	237
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	99
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	96
+setdomainname	162
+setfsgid	152
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	151
+setfsuid32
+setgid	144
+setgid32
+setgroups	159
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	161
+setitimer	103
+setns	268
+setpgid	154
+setpgrp
+setpriority	140
+setregid	143
+setregid32
+setresgid	149
+setresgid32
+setresuid	147
+setresuid32
+setreuid	145
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	164
+setsid	157
+setsockopt	208
+settimeofday	170
+setuid	146
+setuid32
+setxattr	5
+sgetmask
+shmat	196
+shmctl	195
+shmdt	197
+shmget	194
+shutdown	210
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	132
+signal
+signalfd
+signalfd4	74
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	198
+socketcall
+socketpair	199
+splice	76
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat
+stat64
+statfs	43
+statfs64
+statx	291
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	225
+swapon	224
+switch_endian
+symlink
+symlinkat	36
+sync	81
+sync_file_range	84
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	267
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs
+sysinfo	179
+syslog	116
+sysmips
+tee	77
+tgkill	131
+time
+timer_create	107
+timer_delete	111
+timer_getoverrun	109
+timer_gettime	108
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	110
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	85
+timerfd_gettime	87
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	86
+timerfd_settime64
+times	153
+tkill	130
+truncate	45
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	166
+umount
+umount2	39
+uname	160
+unlink
+unlinkat	35
+unshare	97
+userfaultfd	282
+ustat
+utime
+utimensat	88
+utimensat_time64
+utimes
+utrap_install
+vfork
+vhangup	58
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	75
+wait4	260
+waitid	95
+waitpid
+write	64
+writev	66
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-s390.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-s390.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..901bed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-s390.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	140
+_newselect	142
+accept
+accept4	364
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	278
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	361
+bpf	351
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	184
+capset	185
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	182
+chown32	212
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	337
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	261
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	260
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	262
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	259
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	362
+copy_file_range	375
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	326
+epoll_create	249
+epoll_create1	327
+epoll_ctl	250
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	312
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	251
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	318
+eventfd2	323
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	354
+exit	1
+exit_group	248
+faccessat	300
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	253
+fadvise64_64	264
+fallocate	314
+fanotify_init	332
+fanotify_mark	333
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	299
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	95
+fchown32	207
+fchownat	291
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64	221
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	229
+finit_module	344
+flistxattr	232
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	235
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	226
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64	197
+fstatat64	293
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	266
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64	194
+futex	238
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	292
+get_mempolicy	269
+get_robust_list	305
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	311
+getcwd	183
+getdents	141
+getdents64	220
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32	202
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32	201
+getgid	47
+getgid32	200
+getgroups	80
+getgroups32	205
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	368
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	349
+getresgid	171
+getresgid32	211
+getresuid	165
+getresuid32	209
+getrlimit	76
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	367
+getsockopt	365
+gettid	236
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	24
+getuid32	199
+getxattr	227
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	285
+inotify_init	284
+inotify_init1	324
+inotify_rm_watch	286
+io_cancel	247
+io_destroy	244
+io_getevents	245
+io_pgetevents	382
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	243
+io_submit	246
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm	101
+iopl
+ioprio_get	283
+ioprio_set	282
+ipc	117
+kcmp	343
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	381
+kexec_load	277
+keyctl	280
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32	198
+lgetxattr	228
+link	9
+linkat	296
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+listxattr	230
+llistxattr	231
+lookup_dcookie	110
+lremovexattr	234
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	225
+lstat	107
+lstat64	196
+madvise	219
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	268
+membarrier	356
+memfd_create	350
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	287
+mincore	218
+mkdir	39
+mkdirat	289
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+mknodat	290
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+mmap	90
+mmap2	192
+modify_ldt
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	310
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	276
+mq_notify	275
+mq_open	271
+mq_timedreceive	274
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	273
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	272
+mremap	163
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+msgget	399
+msgrcv	401
+msgsnd	400
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+multiplexer
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	335
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	336
+open_tree	428
+openat	288
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	331
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	325
+pivot_root	217
+pkey_alloc	385
+pkey_free	386
+pkey_mprotect	384
+poll	168
+ppoll	302
+ppoll_time64	414
+prctl	172
+pread64	180
+preadv	328
+preadv2	376
+prlimit64	334
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	340
+process_vm_writev	341
+pselect6	301
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	181
+pwritev	329
+pwritev2	377
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	222
+readdir	89
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	298
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv
+recvfrom	371
+recvmmsg	357
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	372
+remap_file_pages	267
+removexattr	233
+rename	38
+renameat	295
+renameat2	347
+request_key	279
+restart_syscall	7
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	383
+rt_sigaction	174
+rt_sigpending	176
+rt_sigprocmask	175
+rt_sigqueueinfo	178
+rt_sigreturn	173
+rt_sigsuspend	179
+rt_sigtimedwait	177
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	330
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage	378
+s390_pci_mmio_read	353
+s390_pci_mmio_write	352
+s390_runtime_instr	342
+s390_sthyi	380
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	240
+sched_getattr	346
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	239
+sched_setattr	345
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	348
+select
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send
+sendfile	187
+sendfile64	223
+sendmmsg	358
+sendmsg	370
+sendto	369
+set_mempolicy	270
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	304
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	252
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	139
+setfsgid32	216
+setfsuid	138
+setfsuid32	215
+setgid	46
+setgid32	214
+setgroups	81
+setgroups32	206
+sethae
+sethostname	74
+setitimer	104
+setns	339
+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	71
+setregid32	204
+setresgid	170
+setresgid32	210
+setresuid	164
+setresuid32	208
+setreuid	70
+setreuid32	203
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	366
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	23
+setuid32	213
+setxattr	224
+sgetmask
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	373
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	186
+signal	48
+signalfd	316
+signalfd4	322
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	359
+socketcall	102
+socketpair	360
+splice	306
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	106
+stat64	195
+statfs	99
+statfs64	265
+statx	379
+stime	25
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	297
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	307
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	338
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	308
+tgkill	241
+time	13
+timer_create	254
+timer_delete	258
+timer_getoverrun	257
+timer_gettime	256
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	255
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd	317
+timerfd_create	319
+timerfd_gettime	321
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	320
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	237
+truncate	92
+truncate64	193
+ugetrlimit	191
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	294
+unshare	303
+userfaultfd	355
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	315
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	313
+utrap_install
+vfork	190
+vhangup	111
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	309
+wait4	114
+waitid	281
+waitpid
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-s390x.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-s390x.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f06b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-s390x.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept
+accept4	364
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	278
+adjtimex	124
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	361
+bpf	351
+brk	45
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	184
+capset	185
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	212
+chown32
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	337
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	261
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	260
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	262
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	259
+clock_settime64
+clone	120
+clone3	435
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	362
+copy_file_range	375
+creat	8
+delete_module	129
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	63
+dup3	326
+epoll_create	249
+epoll_create1	327
+epoll_ctl	250
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	312
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	251
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	318
+eventfd2	323
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	11
+execveat	354
+exit	1
+exit_group	248
+faccessat	300
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	253
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	314
+fanotify_init	332
+fanotify_mark	333
+fchdir	133
+fchmod	94
+fchmodat	299
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	207
+fchown32
+fchownat	291
+fcntl	55
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	148
+fgetxattr	229
+finit_module	344
+flistxattr	232
+flock	143
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	235
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	226
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	108
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	100
+fstatfs64	266
+fsync	118
+ftruncate	93
+ftruncate64
+futex	238
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	292
+get_mempolicy	269
+get_robust_list	305
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	311
+getcwd	183
+getdents	141
+getdents64	220
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	202
+getegid32
+geteuid	201
+geteuid32
+getgid	200
+getgid32
+getgroups	205
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	105
+getpagesize
+getpeername	368
+getpgid	132
+getpgrp	65
+getpid	20
+getppid	64
+getpriority	96
+getrandom	349
+getresgid	211
+getresgid32
+getresuid	209
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	191
+getrusage	77
+getsid	147
+getsockname	367
+getsockopt	365
+gettid	236
+gettimeofday	78
+getuid	199
+getuid32
+getxattr	227
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	128
+inotify_add_watch	285
+inotify_init	284
+inotify_init1	324
+inotify_rm_watch	286
+io_cancel	247
+io_destroy	244
+io_getevents	245
+io_pgetevents	382
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	243
+io_submit	246
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	283
+ioprio_set	282
+ipc	117
+kcmp	343
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	381
+kexec_load	277
+keyctl	280
+kill	37
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	198
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	228
+link	9
+linkat	296
+listen	363
+listxattr	230
+llistxattr	231
+lookup_dcookie	110
+lremovexattr	234
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	225
+lstat	107
+lstat64
+madvise	219
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	268
+membarrier	356
+memfd_create	350
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	287
+mincore	218
+mkdir	39
+mkdirat	289
+mknod	14
+mknodat	290
+mlock	150
+mlock2	374
+mlockall	152
+mmap	90
+mmap2
+modify_ldt
+mount	21
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	310
+mprotect	125
+mq_getsetattr	276
+mq_notify	275
+mq_open	271
+mq_timedreceive	274
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	273
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	272
+mremap	163
+msgctl	402
+msgget	399
+msgrcv	401
+msgsnd	400
+msync	144
+multiplexer
+munlock	151
+munlockall	153
+munmap	91
+name_to_handle_at	335
+nanosleep	162
+newfstatat	293
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	336
+open_tree	428
+openat	288
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	331
+perfctr
+personality	136
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	325
+pivot_root	217
+pkey_alloc	385
+pkey_free	386
+pkey_mprotect	384
+poll	168
+ppoll	302
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	172
+pread64	180
+preadv	328
+preadv2	376
+prlimit64	334
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	340
+process_vm_writev	341
+pselect6	301
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	181
+pwritev	329
+pwritev2	377
+quotactl	131
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	222
+readdir	89
+readlink	85
+readlinkat	298
+readv	145
+reboot	88
+recv
+recvfrom	371
+recvmmsg	357
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	372
+remap_file_pages	267
+removexattr	233
+rename	38
+renameat	295
+renameat2	347
+request_key	279
+restart_syscall	7
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	40
+rseq	383
+rt_sigaction	174
+rt_sigpending	176
+rt_sigprocmask	175
+rt_sigqueueinfo	178
+rt_sigreturn	173
+rt_sigsuspend	179
+rt_sigtimedwait	177
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	330
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage	378
+s390_pci_mmio_read	353
+s390_pci_mmio_write	352
+s390_runtime_instr	342
+s390_sthyi	380
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	159
+sched_get_priority_min	160
+sched_getaffinity	240
+sched_getattr	346
+sched_getparam	155
+sched_getscheduler	157
+sched_rr_get_interval	161
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	239
+sched_setattr	345
+sched_setparam	154
+sched_setscheduler	156
+sched_yield	158
+seccomp	348
+select	142
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop	392
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile	187
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	358
+sendmsg	370
+sendto	369
+set_mempolicy	270
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	304
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	252
+setdomainname	121
+setfsgid	216
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	215
+setfsuid32
+setgid	214
+setgid32
+setgroups	206
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	74
+setitimer	104
+setns	339
+setpgid	57
+setpgrp
+setpriority	97
+setregid	204
+setregid32
+setresgid	210
+setresgid32
+setresuid	208
+setresuid32
+setreuid	203
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	75
+setsid	66
+setsockopt	366
+settimeofday	79
+setuid	213
+setuid32
+setxattr	224
+sgetmask
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	373
+sigaction	67
+sigaltstack	186
+signal	48
+signalfd	316
+signalfd4	322
+sigpending	73
+sigprocmask	126
+sigreturn	119
+sigsuspend	72
+socket	359
+socketcall	102
+socketpair	360
+splice	306
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	106
+stat64
+statfs	99
+statfs64	265
+statx	379
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	115
+swapon	87
+switch_endian
+symlink	83
+symlinkat	297
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	307
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	338
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	135
+sysinfo	116
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	308
+tgkill	241
+time
+timer_create	254
+timer_delete	258
+timer_getoverrun	257
+timer_gettime	256
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	255
+timer_settime64
+timerfd	317
+timerfd_create	319
+timerfd_gettime	321
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	320
+timerfd_settime64
+times	43
+tkill	237
+truncate	92
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	60
+umount	22
+umount2	52
+uname	122
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	294
+unshare	303
+userfaultfd	355
+ustat	62
+utime	30
+utimensat	315
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	313
+utrap_install
+vfork	190
+vhangup	111
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	309
+wait4	114
+waitid	281
+waitpid
+write	4
+writev	146
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-sparc.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-sparc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfaed82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-sparc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek	236
+_newselect	230
+accept	99
+accept4	323
+access	33
+acct	51
+add_key	281
+adjtimex	219
+alarm	27
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	353
+bpf	349
+brk	17
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	21
+capset	22
+chdir	12
+chmod	15
+chown	13
+chown32	35
+chroot	61
+clock_adjtime	334
+clock_adjtime64	405
+clock_getres	258
+clock_getres_time64	406
+clock_gettime	257
+clock_gettime64	403
+clock_nanosleep	259
+clock_nanosleep_time64	407
+clock_settime	256
+clock_settime64	404
+clone	217
+clone3
+close	6
+close_range	436
+connect	98
+copy_file_range	357
+creat	8
+delete_module	222
+dipc
+dup	41
+dup2	90
+dup3	320
+epoll_create	193
+epoll_create1	319
+epoll_ctl	194
+epoll_ctl_old
+epoll_pwait	309
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	195
+epoll_wait_old
+eventfd	313
+eventfd2	318
+exec_with_loader
+execv	11
+execve	59
+execveat	350
+exit	1
+exit_group	188
+faccessat	296
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	209
+fadvise64_64	210
+fallocate	314
+fanotify_init	329
+fanotify_mark	330
+fchdir	176
+fchmod	124
+fchmodat	295
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	123
+fchown32	32
+fchownat	287
+fcntl	92
+fcntl64	155
+fdatasync	253
+fgetxattr	177
+finit_module	342
+flistxattr	180
+flock	131
+fork	2
+fremovexattr	186
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	171
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	62
+fstat64	63
+fstatat64	289
+fstatfs	158
+fstatfs64	235
+fsync	95
+ftruncate	130
+ftruncate64	84
+futex	142
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64	422
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	288
+get_mempolicy	304
+get_robust_list	301
+get_thread_area
+getcpu	308
+getcwd	119
+getdents	174
+getdents64	154
+getdomainname	162
+getdtablesize
+getegid	50
+getegid32	70
+geteuid	49
+geteuid32	69
+getgid	47
+getgid32	53
+getgroups	79
+getgroups32	115
+gethostname
+getitimer	86
+getpagesize	64
+getpeername	141
+getpgid	224
+getpgrp	81
+getpid	20
+getppid	197
+getpriority	100
+getrandom	347
+getresgid
+getresgid32	111
+getresuid
+getresuid32	109
+getrlimit	144
+getrusage	117
+getsid	252
+getsockname	150
+getsockopt	118
+gettid	143
+gettimeofday	116
+getuid	24
+getuid32	44
+getxattr	172
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	190
+inotify_add_watch	152
+inotify_init	151
+inotify_init1	322
+inotify_rm_watch	156
+io_cancel	271
+io_destroy	269
+io_getevents	272
+io_pgetevents	361
+io_pgetevents_time64	416
+io_setup	268
+io_submit	270
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	54
+ioperm
+iopl
+ioprio_get	218
+ioprio_set	196
+ipc	215
+kcmp	341
+kern_features	340
+kexec_file_load
+kexec_load	306
+keyctl	283
+kill	37
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+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	16
+lchown32	31
+lgetxattr	173
+link	9
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+llistxattr	179
+lookup_dcookie	208
+lremovexattr	182
+lseek	19
+lsetxattr	170
+lstat	40
+lstat64	132
+madvise	75
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	303
+membarrier	351
+memfd_create	348
+memfd_secret
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	302
+mincore	78
+mkdir	136
+mkdirat	285
+mknod	14
+mknodat	286
+mlock	237
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+mlockall	239
+mmap	71
+mmap2	56
+modify_ldt
+mount	167
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	307
+mprotect	74
+mq_getsetattr	278
+mq_notify	277
+mq_open	273
+mq_timedreceive	276
+mq_timedreceive_time64	419
+mq_timedsend	275
+mq_timedsend_time64	418
+mq_unlink	274
+mremap	250
+msgctl	402
+msgget	399
+msgrcv	401
+msgsnd	400
+msync	65
+multiplexer
+munlock	238
+munlockall	240
+munmap	73
+name_to_handle_at	332
+nanosleep	249
+newfstatat
+nice	34
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat	202
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	5
+open_by_handle_at	333
+open_tree	428
+openat	284
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	29
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read	148
+pciconfig_write	149
+perf_event_open	327
+perfctr	18
+personality	191
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	42
+pipe2	321
+pivot_root	146
+pkey_alloc	363
+pkey_free	364
+pkey_mprotect	362
+poll	153
+ppoll	298
+ppoll_time64	414
+prctl	147
+pread64	67
+preadv	324
+preadv2	358
+prlimit64	331
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	338
+process_vm_writev	339
+pselect6	297
+pselect6_time64	413
+ptrace	26
+pwrite64	68
+pwritev	325
+pwritev2	359
+quotactl	165
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	3
+readahead	205
+readdir	204
+readlink	58
+readlinkat	294
+readv	120
+reboot	55
+recv
+recvfrom	125
+recvmmsg	328
+recvmmsg_time64	417
+recvmsg	113
+remap_file_pages	192
+removexattr	181
+rename	128
+renameat	291
+renameat2	345
+request_key	282
+restart_syscall	0
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	137
+rseq	365
+rt_sigaction	102
+rt_sigpending	104
+rt_sigprocmask	103
+rt_sigqueueinfo	106
+rt_sigreturn	101
+rt_sigsuspend	107
+rt_sigtimedwait	105
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64	421
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	326
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity	161
+sched_get_priority_max	246
+sched_get_priority_min	247
+sched_getaffinity	260
+sched_getattr	344
+sched_getparam	242
+sched_getscheduler	244
+sched_rr_get_interval	248
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64	423
+sched_set_affinity	160
+sched_setaffinity	261
+sched_setattr	343
+sched_setparam	241
+sched_setscheduler	243
+sched_yield	245
+seccomp	346
+select	93
+semctl	394
+semget	393
+semop
+semtimedop
+semtimedop_time64	420
+send
+sendfile	39
+sendfile64	140
+sendmmsg	336
+sendmsg	114
+sendto	133
+set_mempolicy	305
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	300
+set_thread_area
+set_tid_address	166
+setdomainname	163
+setfsgid	229
+setfsgid32	94
+setfsuid	228
+setfsuid32	91
+setgid	46
+setgid32	89
+setgroups	80
+setgroups32	82
+sethae
+sethostname	88
+setitimer	83
+setns	337
+setpgid	185
+setpgrp
+setpriority	96
+setregid	127
+setregid32	112
+setresgid
+setresgid32	110
+setresuid
+setresuid32	108
+setreuid	126
+setreuid32	72
+setrlimit	145
+setsid	175
+setsockopt	355
+settimeofday	122
+setuid	23
+setuid32	87
+setxattr	169
+sgetmask	199
+shmat	397
+shmctl	396
+shmdt	398
+shmget	395
+shutdown	134
+sigaction	198
+sigaltstack	28
+signal	48
+signalfd	311
+signalfd4	317
+sigpending	183
+sigprocmask	220
+sigreturn	216
+sigsuspend	201
+socket	97
+socketcall	206
+socketpair	135
+splice	232
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask	200
+stat	38
+stat64	139
+statfs	157
+statfs64	234
+statx	360
+stime	233
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	213
+swapon	85
+switch_endian
+symlink	57
+symlinkat	293
+sync	36
+sync_file_range	255
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	335
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	226
+sysinfo	214
+syslog	207
+sysmips
+tee	280
+tgkill	211
+time	231
+timer_create	266
+timer_delete	265
+timer_getoverrun	264
+timer_gettime	263
+timer_gettime64	408
+timer_settime	262
+timer_settime64	409
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	312
+timerfd_gettime	316
+timerfd_gettime64	410
+timerfd_settime	315
+timerfd_settime64	411
+times	43
+tkill	187
+truncate	129
+truncate64	77
+ugetrlimit
+umask	60
+umount	159
+umount2	45
+uname	189
+unlink	10
+unlinkat	290
+unshare	299
+userfaultfd	352
+ustat	168
+utime	30
+utimensat	310
+utimensat_time64	412
+utimes	138
+utrap_install
+vfork	66
+vhangup	76
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	25
+wait4	7
+waitid	279
+waitpid	212
+write	4
+writev	121
diff --git a/src/basic/syscalls-x86_64.txt b/src/basic/syscalls-x86_64.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf888e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syscalls-x86_64.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+_llseek
+_newselect
+accept	43
+accept4	288
+access	21
+acct	163
+add_key	248
+adjtimex	159
+alarm	37
+arc_gettls
+arc_settls
+arc_usr_cmpxchg
+arch_prctl	158
+arm_fadvise64_64
+atomic_barrier
+atomic_cmpxchg_32
+bind	49
+bpf	321
+brk	12
+cachectl
+cacheflush
+capget	125
+capset	126
+chdir	80
+chmod	90
+chown	92
+chown32
+chroot	161
+clock_adjtime	305
+clock_adjtime64
+clock_getres	229
+clock_getres_time64
+clock_gettime	228
+clock_gettime64
+clock_nanosleep	230
+clock_nanosleep_time64
+clock_settime	227
+clock_settime64
+clone	56
+clone3	435
+close	3
+close_range	436
+connect	42
+copy_file_range	326
+creat	85
+delete_module	176
+dipc
+dup	32
+dup2	33
+dup3	292
+epoll_create	213
+epoll_create1	291
+epoll_ctl	233
+epoll_ctl_old	214
+epoll_pwait	281
+epoll_pwait2	441
+epoll_wait	232
+epoll_wait_old	215
+eventfd	284
+eventfd2	290
+exec_with_loader
+execv
+execve	59
+execveat	322
+exit	60
+exit_group	231
+faccessat	269
+faccessat2	439
+fadvise64	221
+fadvise64_64
+fallocate	285
+fanotify_init	300
+fanotify_mark	301
+fchdir	81
+fchmod	91
+fchmodat	268
+fchmodat2	452
+fchown	93
+fchown32
+fchownat	260
+fcntl	72
+fcntl64
+fdatasync	75
+fgetxattr	193
+finit_module	313
+flistxattr	196
+flock	73
+fork	57
+fremovexattr	199
+fsconfig	431
+fsetxattr	190
+fsmount	432
+fsopen	430
+fspick	433
+fstat	5
+fstat64
+fstatat64
+fstatfs	138
+fstatfs64
+fsync	74
+ftruncate	77
+ftruncate64
+futex	202
+futex_requeue	456
+futex_time64
+futex_wait	455
+futex_waitv	449
+futex_wake	454
+futimesat	261
+get_mempolicy	239
+get_robust_list	274
+get_thread_area	211
+getcpu	309
+getcwd	79
+getdents	78
+getdents64	217
+getdomainname
+getdtablesize
+getegid	108
+getegid32
+geteuid	107
+geteuid32
+getgid	104
+getgid32
+getgroups	115
+getgroups32
+gethostname
+getitimer	36
+getpagesize
+getpeername	52
+getpgid	121
+getpgrp	111
+getpid	39
+getppid	110
+getpriority	140
+getrandom	318
+getresgid	120
+getresgid32
+getresuid	118
+getresuid32
+getrlimit	97
+getrusage	98
+getsid	124
+getsockname	51
+getsockopt	55
+gettid	186
+gettimeofday	96
+getuid	102
+getuid32
+getxattr	191
+getxgid
+getxpid
+getxuid
+init_module	175
+inotify_add_watch	254
+inotify_init	253
+inotify_init1	294
+inotify_rm_watch	255
+io_cancel	210
+io_destroy	207
+io_getevents	208
+io_pgetevents	333
+io_pgetevents_time64
+io_setup	206
+io_submit	209
+io_uring_enter	426
+io_uring_register	427
+io_uring_setup	425
+ioctl	16
+ioperm	173
+iopl	172
+ioprio_get	252
+ioprio_set	251
+ipc
+kcmp	312
+kern_features
+kexec_file_load	320
+kexec_load	246
+keyctl	250
+kill	62
+landlock_add_rule	445
+landlock_create_ruleset	444
+landlock_restrict_self	446
+lchown	94
+lchown32
+lgetxattr	192
+link	86
+linkat	265
+listen	50
+listxattr	194
+llistxattr	195
+lookup_dcookie	212
+lremovexattr	198
+lseek	8
+lsetxattr	189
+lstat	6
+lstat64
+madvise	28
+map_shadow_stack	453
+mbind	237
+membarrier	324
+memfd_create	319
+memfd_secret	447
+memory_ordering
+migrate_pages	256
+mincore	27
+mkdir	83
+mkdirat	258
+mknod	133
+mknodat	259
+mlock	149
+mlock2	325
+mlockall	151
+mmap	9
+mmap2
+modify_ldt	154
+mount	165
+mount_setattr	442
+move_mount	429
+move_pages	279
+mprotect	10
+mq_getsetattr	245
+mq_notify	244
+mq_open	240
+mq_timedreceive	243
+mq_timedreceive_time64
+mq_timedsend	242
+mq_timedsend_time64
+mq_unlink	241
+mremap	25
+msgctl	71
+msgget	68
+msgrcv	70
+msgsnd	69
+msync	26
+multiplexer
+munlock	150
+munlockall	152
+munmap	11
+name_to_handle_at	303
+nanosleep	35
+newfstatat	262
+nice
+old_adjtimex
+oldfstat
+oldlstat
+oldolduname
+oldstat
+oldumount
+olduname
+open	2
+open_by_handle_at	304
+open_tree	428
+openat	257
+openat2	437
+or1k_atomic
+osf_fstat
+osf_fstatfs
+osf_fstatfs64
+osf_getdirentries
+osf_getdomainname
+osf_getitimer
+osf_getrusage
+osf_getsysinfo
+osf_gettimeofday
+osf_lstat
+osf_mount
+osf_proplist_syscall
+osf_select
+osf_set_program_attributes
+osf_setitimer
+osf_setsysinfo
+osf_settimeofday
+osf_shmat
+osf_sigprocmask
+osf_sigstack
+osf_stat
+osf_statfs
+osf_statfs64
+osf_swapon
+osf_syscall
+osf_sysinfo
+osf_usleep_thread
+osf_utimes
+osf_utsname
+osf_wait4
+pause	34
+pciconfig_iobase
+pciconfig_read
+pciconfig_write
+perf_event_open	298
+perfctr
+personality	135
+pidfd_getfd	438
+pidfd_open	434
+pidfd_send_signal	424
+pipe	22
+pipe2	293
+pivot_root	155
+pkey_alloc	330
+pkey_free	331
+pkey_mprotect	329
+poll	7
+ppoll	271
+ppoll_time64
+prctl	157
+pread64	17
+preadv	295
+preadv2	327
+prlimit64	302
+process_madvise	440
+process_mrelease	448
+process_vm_readv	310
+process_vm_writev	311
+pselect6	270
+pselect6_time64
+ptrace	101
+pwrite64	18
+pwritev	296
+pwritev2	328
+quotactl	179
+quotactl_fd	443
+read	0
+readahead	187
+readdir
+readlink	89
+readlinkat	267
+readv	19
+reboot	169
+recv
+recvfrom	45
+recvmmsg	299
+recvmmsg_time64
+recvmsg	47
+remap_file_pages	216
+removexattr	197
+rename	82
+renameat	264
+renameat2	316
+request_key	249
+restart_syscall	219
+riscv_flush_icache
+riscv_hwprobe
+rmdir	84
+rseq	334
+rt_sigaction	13
+rt_sigpending	127
+rt_sigprocmask	14
+rt_sigqueueinfo	129
+rt_sigreturn	15
+rt_sigsuspend	130
+rt_sigtimedwait	128
+rt_sigtimedwait_time64
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo	297
+rtas
+s390_guarded_storage
+s390_pci_mmio_read
+s390_pci_mmio_write
+s390_runtime_instr
+s390_sthyi
+sched_get_affinity
+sched_get_priority_max	146
+sched_get_priority_min	147
+sched_getaffinity	204
+sched_getattr	315
+sched_getparam	143
+sched_getscheduler	145
+sched_rr_get_interval	148
+sched_rr_get_interval_time64
+sched_set_affinity
+sched_setaffinity	203
+sched_setattr	314
+sched_setparam	142
+sched_setscheduler	144
+sched_yield	24
+seccomp	317
+select	23
+semctl	66
+semget	64
+semop	65
+semtimedop	220
+semtimedop_time64
+send
+sendfile	40
+sendfile64
+sendmmsg	307
+sendmsg	46
+sendto	44
+set_mempolicy	238
+set_mempolicy_home_node	450
+set_robust_list	273
+set_thread_area	205
+set_tid_address	218
+setdomainname	171
+setfsgid	123
+setfsgid32
+setfsuid	122
+setfsuid32
+setgid	106
+setgid32
+setgroups	116
+setgroups32
+sethae
+sethostname	170
+setitimer	38
+setns	308
+setpgid	109
+setpgrp
+setpriority	141
+setregid	114
+setregid32
+setresgid	119
+setresgid32
+setresuid	117
+setresuid32
+setreuid	113
+setreuid32
+setrlimit	160
+setsid	112
+setsockopt	54
+settimeofday	164
+setuid	105
+setuid32
+setxattr	188
+sgetmask
+shmat	30
+shmctl	31
+shmdt	67
+shmget	29
+shutdown	48
+sigaction
+sigaltstack	131
+signal
+signalfd	282
+signalfd4	289
+sigpending
+sigprocmask
+sigreturn
+sigsuspend
+socket	41
+socketcall
+socketpair	53
+splice	275
+spu_create
+spu_run
+ssetmask
+stat	4
+stat64
+statfs	137
+statfs64
+statx	332
+stime
+subpage_prot
+swapcontext
+swapoff	168
+swapon	167
+switch_endian
+symlink	88
+symlinkat	266
+sync	162
+sync_file_range	277
+sync_file_range2
+syncfs	306
+sys_debug_setcontext
+syscall
+sysfs	139
+sysinfo	99
+syslog	103
+sysmips
+tee	276
+tgkill	234
+time	201
+timer_create	222
+timer_delete	226
+timer_getoverrun	225
+timer_gettime	224
+timer_gettime64
+timer_settime	223
+timer_settime64
+timerfd
+timerfd_create	283
+timerfd_gettime	287
+timerfd_gettime64
+timerfd_settime	286
+timerfd_settime64
+times	100
+tkill	200
+truncate	76
+truncate64
+ugetrlimit
+umask	95
+umount
+umount2	166
+uname	63
+unlink	87
+unlinkat	263
+unshare	272
+userfaultfd	323
+ustat	136
+utime	132
+utimensat	280
+utimensat_time64
+utimes	235
+utrap_install
+vfork	58
+vhangup	153
+vm86
+vm86old
+vmsplice	278
+wait4	61
+waitid	247
+waitpid
+write	1
+writev	20
diff --git a/src/basic/sysctl-util.c b/src/basic/sysctl-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b66a662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sysctl-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "af-list.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "sysctl-util.h"
+
+char *sysctl_normalize(char *s) {
+        char *n;
+
+        n = strpbrk(s, "/.");
+
+        /* If the first separator is a slash, the path is
+         * assumed to be normalized and slashes remain slashes
+         * and dots remains dots. */
+
+        if (n && *n == '.')
+                /* Dots become slashes and slashes become dots. Fun. */
+                do {
+                        if (*n == '.')
+                                *n = '/';
+                        else
+                                *n = '.';
+
+                        n = strpbrk(n + 1, "/.");
+                } while (n);
+
+        path_simplify(s);
+
+        /* Kill the leading slash, but keep the first character of the string in the same place. */
+        if (s[0] == '/' && s[1] != 0)
+                memmove(s, s+1, strlen(s));
+
+        return s;
+}
+
+int sysctl_write(const char *property, const char *value) {
+        char *p;
+
+        assert(property);
+        assert(value);
+
+        p = strjoina("/proc/sys/", property);
+
+        path_simplify(p);
+        if (!path_is_normalized(p))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        log_debug("Setting '%s' to '%s'", p, value);
+
+        return write_string_file(p, value, WRITE_STRING_FILE_VERIFY_ON_FAILURE | WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER | WRITE_STRING_FILE_SUPPRESS_REDUNDANT_VIRTUAL);
+}
+
+int sysctl_writef(const char *property, const char *format, ...) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        va_start(ap, format);
+        r = vasprintf(&v, format, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return sysctl_write(property, v);
+}
+
+int sysctl_write_ip_property(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, const char *value) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(property);
+        assert(value);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(af, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        if (ifname) {
+                if (!ifname_valid_full(ifname, IFNAME_VALID_SPECIAL))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                p = strjoina("net/", af_to_ipv4_ipv6(af), "/conf/", ifname, "/", property);
+        } else
+                p = strjoina("net/", af_to_ipv4_ipv6(af), "/", property);
+
+        return sysctl_write(p, value);
+}
+
+int sysctl_read(const char *property, char **ret) {
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(property);
+
+        p = strjoina("/proc/sys/", property);
+
+        path_simplify(p);
+        if (!path_is_normalized(p)) /* Filter out attempts to write to /proc/sys/../../…, just in case */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file(p, ret, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (ret)
+                delete_trailing_chars(*ret, NEWLINE);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int sysctl_read_ip_property(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, char **ret) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        assert(property);
+
+        if (!IN_SET(af, AF_INET, AF_INET6))
+                return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
+
+        if (ifname) {
+                if (!ifname_valid_full(ifname, IFNAME_VALID_SPECIAL))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                p = strjoina("net/", af_to_ipv4_ipv6(af), "/conf/", ifname, "/", property);
+        } else
+                p = strjoina("net/", af_to_ipv4_ipv6(af), "/", property);
+
+        return sysctl_read(p, ret);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/sysctl-util.h b/src/basic/sysctl-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3236419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/sysctl-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+char *sysctl_normalize(char *s);
+int sysctl_read(const char *property, char **value);
+int sysctl_write(const char *property, const char *value);
+int sysctl_writef(const char *property, const char *format, ...) _printf_(2, 3);
+
+int sysctl_read_ip_property(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, char **ret);
+int sysctl_write_ip_property(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, const char *value);
+static inline int sysctl_write_ip_property_boolean(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, bool value) {
+        return sysctl_write_ip_property(af, ifname, property, one_zero(value));
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_SYSCTL_WRITE_IP_PROPERTY(name, type, format)           \
+        static inline int sysctl_write_ip_property_##name(int af, const char *ifname, const char *property, type value) { \
+                char buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(type)];                        \
+                xsprintf(buf, format, value);                           \
+                return sysctl_write_ip_property(af, ifname, property, buf); \
+        }
+
+DEFINE_SYSCTL_WRITE_IP_PROPERTY(int, int, "%i");
+DEFINE_SYSCTL_WRITE_IP_PROPERTY(uint32, uint32_t, "%" PRIu32);
diff --git a/src/basic/syslog-util.c b/src/basic/syslog-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0371922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syslog-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
+        int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
+        const char *end;
+        size_t k;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+        assert(priority);
+
+        if ((*p)[0] != '<')
+                return 0;
+
+        end = strchr(*p, '>');
+        if (!end)
+                return 0;
+
+        k = end - *p;
+        assert(k > 0);
+
+        if (k == 2)
+                c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+        else if (k == 3) {
+                b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+        } else if (k == 4) {
+                a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
+        } else
+                return 0;
+
+        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
+            (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (with_facility)
+                *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
+        else
+                *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
+
+        *p += k + 1;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)]     = "kern",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)]     = "user",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)]     = "mail",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)]   = "daemon",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)]     = "auth",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)]   = "syslog",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)]      = "lpr",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)]     = "news",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)]     = "uucp",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)]     = "cron",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)]      = "ftp",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)]   = "local0",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)]   = "local1",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)]   = "local2",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)]   = "local3",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)]   = "local4",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)]   = "local5",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)]   = "local6",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)]   = "local7",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
+
+bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int facility) {
+        return facility >= 0 && facility <= LOG_FAC(~0);
+}
+
+static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
+        [LOG_EMERG]   = "emerg",
+        [LOG_ALERT]   = "alert",
+        [LOG_CRIT]    = "crit",
+        [LOG_ERR]     = "err",
+        [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
+        [LOG_NOTICE]  = "notice",
+        [LOG_INFO]    = "info",
+        [LOG_DEBUG]   = "debug",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
+
+bool log_level_is_valid(int level) {
+        return level >= 0 && level <= LOG_DEBUG;
+}
+
+/* The maximum size for a log namespace length. This is the file name size limit 255 minus the size of a
+ * formatted machine ID minus a separator char */
+#define LOG_NAMESPACE_MAX (NAME_MAX - (SD_ID128_STRING_MAX - 1) - 1)
+
+bool log_namespace_name_valid(const char *s) {
+        /* Let's make sure the namespace fits in a filename that is prefixed with the machine ID and a dot
+         * (so that /var/log/journal/<machine-id>.<namespace> can be created based on it). Also make sure it
+         * is suitable as unit instance name, and does not contain fishy characters. */
+
+        if (!filename_is_valid(s))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strlen(s) > LOG_NAMESPACE_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!unit_instance_is_valid(s))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!string_is_safe(s))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Let's avoid globbing for now */
+        if (string_is_glob(s))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/syslog-util.h b/src/basic/syslog-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7aa97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syslog-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);
+bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int faciliy);
+
+int log_level_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int log_level_from_string(const char *s);
+bool log_level_is_valid(int level);
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility);
+
+bool log_namespace_name_valid(const char *s);
diff --git a/src/basic/terminal-util.c b/src/basic/terminal-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d1ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/terminal-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/kd.h>
+#include <linux/tiocl.h>
+#include <linux/vt.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "devnum-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "inotify-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "namespace-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
+static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
+
+static volatile int cached_on_tty = -1;
+static volatile int cached_color_mode = _COLOR_INVALID;
+static volatile int cached_underline_enabled = -1;
+
+int chvt(int vt) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        /* Switch to the specified vt number. If the VT is specified <= 0 switch to the VT the kernel log messages go,
+         * if that's configured. */
+
+        fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (vt <= 0) {
+                int tiocl[2] = {
+                        TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
+                        0
+                };
+
+                if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt));
+}
+
+int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        struct termios old_termios;
+        int r, fd;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* If this is a terminal, then switch canonical mode off, so that we can read a single
+         * character. (Note that fmemopen() streams do not have an fd associated with them, let's handle that
+         * nicely.) */
+        fd = fileno(f);
+        if (fd >= 0 && tcgetattr(fd, &old_termios) >= 0) {
+                struct termios new_termios = old_termios;
+
+                new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
+                new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+                new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+
+                if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
+                        char c;
+
+                        if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                                if (fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
+                                        (void) tcsetattr(fd, TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
+                                        return -ETIMEDOUT;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        r = safe_fgetc(f, &c);
+                        (void) tcsetattr(fd, TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                return -EIO;
+
+                        if (need_nl)
+                                *need_nl = c != '\n';
+
+                        *ret = c;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (t != USEC_INFINITY && fd > 0) {
+                /* Let's wait the specified amount of time for input. When we have no fd we skip this, under
+                 * the assumption that this is an fmemopen() stream or so where waiting doesn't make sense
+                 * anyway, as the data is either already in the stream or cannot possible be placed there
+                 * while we access the stream */
+
+                if (fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, t) <= 0)
+                        return -ETIMEDOUT;
+        }
+
+        /* If this is not a terminal, then read a full line instead */
+
+        r = read_line(f, 16, &line); /* longer than necessary, to eat up UTF-8 chars/vt100 key sequences */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (strlen(line) != 1)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if (need_nl)
+                *need_nl = false;
+
+        *ret = line[0];
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#define DEFAULT_ASK_REFRESH_USEC (2*USEC_PER_SEC)
+
+int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *fmt, ...) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(replies);
+        assert(fmt);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                va_list ap;
+                char c;
+                bool need_nl = true;
+
+                fputs(ansi_highlight(), stdout);
+
+                putchar('\r');
+
+                va_start(ap, fmt);
+                vprintf(fmt, ap);
+                va_end(ap);
+
+                fputs(ansi_normal(), stdout);
+
+                fflush(stdout);
+
+                r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, DEFAULT_ASK_REFRESH_USEC, &need_nl);
+                if (r < 0) {
+
+                        if (r == -ETIMEDOUT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (r == -EBADMSG) {
+                                puts("Bad input, please try again.");
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        putchar('\n');
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if (need_nl)
+                        putchar('\n');
+
+                if (strchr(replies, c)) {
+                        *ret = c;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
+        }
+}
+
+int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        va_list ap;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(text);
+
+        fputs(ansi_highlight(), stdout);
+
+        va_start(ap, text);
+        vprintf(text, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        fputs(ansi_normal(), stdout);
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        r = read_line(stdin, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(line);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
+        struct termios termios;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (isatty(fd) < 1)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Asked to reset a terminal that actually isn't a terminal: %m");
+
+        /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set,
+         * and we don't interfere with that. */
+
+        /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
+        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL) < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "TIOCNXCL ioctl failed on TTY, ignoring: %m");
+
+        /* Switch to text mode */
+        if (switch_to_text)
+                if (ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT) < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "KDSETMODE ioctl for switching to text mode failed on TTY, ignoring: %m");
+
+
+        /* Set default keyboard mode */
+        (void) vt_reset_keyboard(fd);
+
+        if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
+                r = log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to get terminal parameters: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
+         * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
+         * else will do that for us */
+
+        termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
+        termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
+        termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR | OPOST;
+        termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
+        termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOKE;
+
+        termios.c_cc[VINTR]    =   03;  /* ^C */
+        termios.c_cc[VQUIT]    =  034;  /* ^\ */
+        termios.c_cc[VERASE]   = 0177;
+        termios.c_cc[VKILL]    =  025;  /* ^X */
+        termios.c_cc[VEOF]     =   04;  /* ^D */
+        termios.c_cc[VSTART]   =  021;  /* ^Q */
+        termios.c_cc[VSTOP]    =  023;  /* ^S */
+        termios.c_cc[VSUSP]    =  032;  /* ^Z */
+        termios.c_cc[VLNEXT]   =  026;  /* ^V */
+        termios.c_cc[VWERASE]  =  027;  /* ^W */
+        termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] =  022;  /* ^R */
+        termios.c_cc[VEOL]     =    0;
+        termios.c_cc[VEOL2]    =    0;
+
+        termios.c_cc[VTIME]  = 0;
+        termios.c_cc[VMIN]   = 1;
+
+        if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
+                r = -errno;
+
+finish:
+        /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
+        (void) tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        /* We open the terminal with O_NONBLOCK here, to ensure we
+         * don't block on carrier if this is a terminal with carrier
+         * configured. */
+
+        fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
+}
+
+int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but
+         * unlikely to be changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by retrying a couple of
+         * times.
+         *
+         * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
+         */
+
+        if (mode & O_CREAT)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                fd = open(name, mode, 0);
+                if (fd >= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (errno != EIO)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* Max 1s in total */
+                if (c >= 20)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                (void) usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        if (isatty(fd) < 1)
+                return negative_errno();
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
+
+int acquire_terminal(
+                const char *name,
+                AcquireTerminalFlags flags,
+                usec_t timeout) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int notify = -1, fd = -1;
+        usec_t ts = USEC_INFINITY;
+        int r, wd = -1;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(IN_SET(flags & ~ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE, ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_TRY, ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_FORCE, ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT));
+
+        /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We create the watch before checking if we can actually
+         * acquire it, so that we don't lose any event.
+         *
+         * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the device being closed, it does *not* really watch
+         * whether a tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty
+         * *after* closing its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long as the administrator makes sure to
+         * not configure any service on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a problem. (Which they
+         * probably should not do anyway.) */
+
+        if ((flags & ~ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE) == ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT) {
+                notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
+                if (notify < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
+                if (wd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
+                        ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
+                        .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                        .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+                };
+
+                if (notify >= 0) {
+                        r = flush_fd(notify);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way
+                 * to figure out if we successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
+                fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+
+                /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed if we already own the tty. */
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
+
+                /* First, try to get the tty */
+                r = RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, (flags & ~ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE) == ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_FORCE));
+
+                /* Reset signal handler to old value */
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
+
+                /* Success? Exit the loop now! */
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Any failure besides -EPERM? Fail, regardless of the mode. */
+                if (r != -EPERM)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (flags & ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE) /* If we are in permissive mode, then EPERM is fine, turn this
+                                                          * into a success. Note that EPERM is also returned if we
+                                                          * already are the owner of the TTY. */
+                        break;
+
+                if (flags != ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT) /* If we are in TRY or FORCE mode, then propagate EPERM as EPERM */
+                        return r;
+
+                assert(notify >= 0);
+                assert(wd >= 0);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
+                        ssize_t l;
+
+                        if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                                usec_t n;
+
+                                assert(ts != USEC_INFINITY);
+
+                                n = usec_sub_unsigned(now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC), ts);
+                                if (n >= timeout)
+                                        return -ETIMEDOUT;
+
+                                r = fd_wait_for_event(notify, POLLIN, usec_sub_unsigned(timeout, n));
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        return -ETIMEDOUT;
+                        }
+
+                        l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                        if (l < 0) {
+                                if (ERRNO_IS_TRANSIENT(errno))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                return -errno;
+                        }
+
+                        FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
+                                if (e->mask & IN_Q_OVERFLOW) /* If we hit an inotify queue overflow, simply check if the terminal is up for grabs now. */
+                                        break;
+
+                                if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) /* Safety checks */
+                                        return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
+                 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter an endless loop. */
+                fd = safe_close(fd);
+        }
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
+
+int release_terminal(void) {
+        static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        struct sigaction sa_old;
+        int r;
+
+        fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
+         * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
+        assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
+
+        r = RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY));
+
+        assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        return RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP));
+}
+
+int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
+}
+
+int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
+         * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
+         * entirely (including the scrollback buffer). */
+
+        e = path_startswith(name, "/dev/");
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (tty_is_vc(name)) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+                unsigned u;
+                const char *n;
+
+                n = startswith(e, "tty");
+                if (!n)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = safe_atou(n, &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (u <= 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Try to deallocate */
+                fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+
+                r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return 0;
+                if (errno != EBUSY)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* So this is not a VT (in which case we cannot deallocate it),
+         * or we failed to deallocate. Let's at least clear the screen. */
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd2 = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd2 < 0)
+                return fd2;
+
+        (void) loop_write(fd2,
+                          "\033[r"   /* clear scrolling region */
+                          "\033[H"   /* move home */
+                          "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
+                          10, false);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int make_console_stdio(void) {
+        int fd, r;
+
+        /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr, if we can. If we can't use
+         * /dev/null instead. This is particularly useful if /dev/console is turned off, e.g. if console=null
+         * is specified on the kernel command line. */
+
+        fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_FORCE|ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE, USEC_INFINITY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                log_warning_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal, using /dev/null stdin/stdout/stderr instead: %m");
+
+                r = make_null_stdio();
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make /dev/null stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
+
+        } else {
+                r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal, ignoring: %m");
+
+                r = rearrange_stdio(fd, fd, fd); /* This invalidates 'fd' both on success and on failure. */
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to make terminal stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
+        }
+
+        reset_terminal_feature_caches();
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
+        assert(tty);
+
+        return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
+}
+
+bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
+        assert(tty);
+
+        return streq(skip_dev_prefix(tty), "console");
+}
+
+int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
+        int i, r;
+
+        assert(tty);
+
+        tty = skip_dev_prefix(tty);
+
+        if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!ascii_isdigit(tty[3]))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (i < 0 || i > 63)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return i;
+}
+
+ int resolve_dev_console(char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
+        char *tty;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a
+         * sign for container setups) */
+
+        if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
+                return -ENOMEDIUM;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what /dev/console points to */
+        tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
+        if (tty)
+                tty++;
+        else
+                tty = active;
+
+        if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
+                active = mfree(active);
+
+                /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
+                r = read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &active);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                tty = active;
+        }
+
+        if (tty == active)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(active);
+        else {
+                char *tmp;
+
+                tmp = strdup(tty);
+                if (!tmp)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = tmp;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_kernel_consoles(char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* If /sys is mounted read-only this means we are running in some kind of container environment. In that
+         * case /sys would reflect the host system, not us, hence ignore the data we can read from it. */
+        if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
+                goto fallback;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *tty = NULL, *path = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &tty, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
+                        tty = mfree(tty);
+                        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tty);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                path = path_join("/dev", tty);
+                if (!path)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (access(path, F_OK) < 0) {
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Console device %s is not accessible, skipping: %m", path);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = strv_consume(&l, TAKE_PTR(path));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                log_debug("No devices found for system console");
+                goto fallback;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return 0;
+
+fallback:
+        r = strv_extend(&l, "/dev/console");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(l);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *resolved = NULL;
+
+        assert(tty);
+
+        tty = skip_dev_prefix(tty);
+
+        if (streq(tty, "console")) {
+                if (resolve_dev_console(&resolved) < 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                tty = resolved;
+        }
+
+        return tty_is_vc(tty);
+}
+
+const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
+        return tty && tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "linux" : "vt220";
+}
+
+int fd_columns(int fd) {
+        struct winsize ws = {};
+
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -EBADF;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ws.ws_col <= 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return ws.ws_col;
+}
+
+unsigned columns(void) {
+        const char *e;
+        int c;
+
+        if (cached_columns > 0)
+                return cached_columns;
+
+        c = 0;
+        e = getenv("COLUMNS");
+        if (e)
+                (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
+
+        if (c <= 0 || c > USHRT_MAX) {
+                c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
+                if (c <= 0)
+                        c = 80;
+        }
+
+        cached_columns = c;
+        return cached_columns;
+}
+
+int fd_lines(int fd) {
+        struct winsize ws = {};
+
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -EBADF;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ws.ws_row <= 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return ws.ws_row;
+}
+
+unsigned lines(void) {
+        const char *e;
+        int l;
+
+        if (cached_lines > 0)
+                return cached_lines;
+
+        l = 0;
+        e = getenv("LINES");
+        if (e)
+                (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
+
+        if (l <= 0 || l > USHRT_MAX) {
+                l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
+                if (l <= 0)
+                        l = 24;
+        }
+
+        cached_lines = l;
+        return cached_lines;
+}
+
+int terminal_set_size_fd(int fd, const char *ident, unsigned rows, unsigned cols) {
+        struct winsize ws;
+
+        if (rows == UINT_MAX && cols == UINT_MAX)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno,
+                                       "TIOCGWINSZ ioctl for getting %s size failed, not setting terminal size: %m",
+                                       ident ?: "TTY");
+
+        if (rows == UINT_MAX)
+                rows = ws.ws_row;
+        else if (rows > USHRT_MAX)
+                rows = USHRT_MAX;
+
+        if (cols == UINT_MAX)
+                cols = ws.ws_col;
+        else if (cols > USHRT_MAX)
+                cols = USHRT_MAX;
+
+        if (rows == ws.ws_row && cols == ws.ws_col)
+                return 0;
+
+        ws.ws_row = rows;
+        ws.ws_col = cols;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "TIOCSWINSZ ioctl for setting %s size failed: %m", ident ?: "TTY");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
+void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
+        cached_columns = 0;
+        cached_lines = 0;
+}
+
+void reset_terminal_feature_caches(void) {
+        cached_columns = 0;
+        cached_lines = 0;
+
+        cached_color_mode = _COLOR_INVALID;
+        cached_underline_enabled = -1;
+        cached_on_tty = -1;
+}
+
+bool on_tty(void) {
+
+        /* We check both stdout and stderr, so that situations where pipes on the shell are used are reliably
+         * recognized, regardless if only the output or the errors are piped to some place. Since on_tty() is generally
+         * used to default to a safer, non-interactive, non-color mode of operation it's probably good to be defensive
+         * here, and check for both. Note that we don't check for STDIN_FILENO, because it should fine to use fancy
+         * terminal functionality when outputting stuff, even if the input is piped to us. */
+
+        if (cached_on_tty < 0)
+                cached_on_tty =
+                        isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0 &&
+                        isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0;
+
+        return cached_on_tty;
+}
+
+int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
+        char path[PATH_MAX], *c; /* PATH_MAX is counted *with* the trailing NUL byte */
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof path); /* positive error */
+        assert(r >= 0);
+        if (r == ERANGE)
+                return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+        if (r > 0)
+                return -r;
+
+        c = strdup(skip_dev_prefix(path));
+        if (!c)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (streq(s, "tty"))
+                return get_ctty(0, NULL, ret);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
+        int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        unsigned long ttynr;
+
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
+        r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = strrchr(line, ')');
+        if (!p)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        p++;
+
+        if (sscanf(p, " "
+                   "%*c "  /* state */
+                   "%*d "  /* ppid */
+                   "%*d "  /* pgrp */
+                   "%*d "  /* session */
+                   "%lu ", /* ttynr */
+                   &ttynr) != 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
+                return -ENXIO;
+
+        if (d)
+                *d = (dev_t) ttynr;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *ret_devnr, char **ret) {
+        char pty[STRLEN("/dev/pts/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(dev_t) + 1];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        const char *fn = NULL, *w;
+        dev_t devnr;
+        int r;
+
+        r = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = device_path_make_canonical(S_IFCHR, devnr, &buf);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                struct stat st;
+
+                if (r != -ENOENT) /* No symlink for this in /dev/char/? */
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Maybe this is PTY? PTY devices are not listed in /dev/char/, as they don't follow the
+                 * Linux device model and hence device_path_make_canonical() doesn't work for them. Let's
+                 * assume this is a PTY for a moment, and check if the device node this would then map to in
+                 * /dev/pts/ matches the one we are looking for. This way we don't have to hardcode the major
+                 * number (which is 136 btw), but we still rely on the fact that PTY numbers map directly to
+                 * the minor number of the pty. */
+                xsprintf(pty, "/dev/pts/%u", minor(devnr));
+
+                if (stat(pty, &st) < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && devnr == st.st_rdev) /* Bingo! */
+                        fn = pty;
+
+                if (!fn) {
+                        /* Doesn't exist, or not a PTY? Probably something similar to the PTYs which have no
+                         * symlink in /dev/char/. Let's return something vaguely useful. */
+                        r = device_path_make_major_minor(S_IFCHR, devnr, &buf);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        fn = buf;
+                }
+        } else
+                fn = buf;
+
+        w = path_startswith(fn, "/dev/");
+        if (!w)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;
+
+                b = strdup(w);
+                if (!b)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(b);
+        }
+
+        if (ret_devnr)
+                *ret_devnr = devnr;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
+        size_t l = 100;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *c;
+
+                c = new(char, l);
+                if (!c)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
+                        *ret = c;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (errno != ERANGE) {
+                        free(c);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                free(c);
+
+                if (l > SIZE_MAX / 2)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l *= 2;
+        }
+}
+
+int openpt_allocate(int flags, char **ret_slave) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        fd = posix_openpt(flags|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret_slave) {
+                r = ptsname_malloc(fd, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!path_startswith(p, "/dev/pts/"))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (unlockpt(fd) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (ret_slave)
+                *ret_slave = TAKE_PTR(p);
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
+
+static int ptsname_namespace(int pty, char **ret) {
+        int no = -1, r;
+
+        /* Like ptsname(), but doesn't assume that the path is
+         * accessible in the local namespace. */
+
+        r = ioctl(pty, TIOCGPTN, &no);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (no < 0)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (asprintf(ret, "/dev/pts/%i", no) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int openpt_allocate_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags, char **ret_slave) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, usernsfd = -1, rootfd = -1, fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        pid_t child;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(pid > 0);
+
+        r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &usernsfd, &rootfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = namespace_fork("(sd-openptns)", "(sd-openpt)", NULL, 0, FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_DEATHSIG,
+                           pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, usernsfd, rootfd, &child);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+                fd = openpt_allocate(flags, NULL);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                if (send_one_fd(pair[1], fd, 0) < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-openptns)", child, 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        fd = receive_one_fd(pair[0], 0);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        if (ret_slave) {
+                r = ptsname_namespace(fd, ret_slave);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+}
+
+int open_terminal_in_namespace(pid_t pid, const char *name, int mode) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, usernsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
+        _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        pid_t child;
+        int r;
+
+        r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &usernsfd, &rootfd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = namespace_fork("(sd-terminalns)", "(sd-terminal)", NULL, 0, FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_DEATHSIG,
+                           pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, usernsfd, rootfd, &child);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0) {
+                int master;
+
+                pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+                master = open_terminal(name, mode|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (master < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                if (send_one_fd(pair[1], master, 0) < 0)
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-terminalns)", child, 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return receive_one_fd(pair[0], 0);
+}
+
+static bool getenv_terminal_is_dumb(void) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        e = getenv("TERM");
+        if (!e)
+                return true;
+
+        return streq(e, "dumb");
+}
+
+bool terminal_is_dumb(void) {
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return true;
+
+        return getenv_terminal_is_dumb();
+}
+
+static ColorMode parse_systemd_colors(void) {
+        const char *e;
+        int r;
+
+        e = getenv("SYSTEMD_COLORS");
+        if (!e)
+                return _COLOR_INVALID;
+        if (streq(e, "16"))
+                return COLOR_16;
+        if (streq(e, "256"))
+                return COLOR_256;
+        r = parse_boolean(e);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                return r > 0 ? COLOR_ON : COLOR_OFF;
+        return _COLOR_INVALID;
+}
+
+ColorMode get_color_mode(void) {
+
+        /* Returns the mode used to choose output colors. The possible modes are COLOR_OFF for no colors,
+         * COLOR_16 for only the base 16 ANSI colors, COLOR_256 for more colors and COLOR_ON for unrestricted
+         * color output. For that we check $SYSTEMD_COLORS first (which is the explicit way to
+         * change the mode). If that didn't work we turn colors off unless we are on a TTY. And if we are on a TTY
+         * we turn it off if $TERM is set to "dumb". There's one special tweak though: if we are PID 1 then we do not
+         * check whether we are connected to a TTY, because we don't keep /dev/console open continuously due to fear
+         * of SAK, and hence things are a bit weird. */
+        ColorMode m;
+
+        if (cached_color_mode < 0) {
+                m = parse_systemd_colors();
+                if (m >= 0)
+                        cached_color_mode = m;
+                else if (getenv("NO_COLOR"))
+                        /* We only check for the presence of the variable; value is ignored. */
+                        cached_color_mode = COLOR_OFF;
+
+                else if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
+                        /* PID1 outputs to the console without holding it open all the time.
+                         *
+                         * Note that the Linux console can only display 16 colors. We still enable 256 color
+                         * mode even for PID1 output though (which typically goes to the Linux console),
+                         * since the Linux console is able to parse the 256 color sequences and automatically
+                         * map them to the closest color in the 16 color palette (since kernel 3.16). Doing
+                         * 256 colors is nice for people who invoke systemd in a container or via a serial
+                         * link or such, and use a true 256 color terminal to do so. */
+                        if (getenv_terminal_is_dumb())
+                                cached_color_mode = COLOR_OFF;
+                } else {
+                        if (terminal_is_dumb())
+                                cached_color_mode = COLOR_OFF;
+                }
+
+                if (cached_color_mode < 0) {
+                        /* We failed to figure out any reason to *disable* colors.
+                         * Let's see how many colors we shall use. */
+                        if (STRPTR_IN_SET(getenv("COLORTERM"),
+                                          "truecolor",
+                                          "24bit"))
+                                cached_color_mode = COLOR_24BIT;
+                        else
+                                cached_color_mode = COLOR_256;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return cached_color_mode;
+}
+
+bool dev_console_colors_enabled(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        ColorMode m;
+
+        /* Returns true if we assume that color is supported on /dev/console.
+         *
+         * For that we first check if we explicitly got told to use colors or not, by checking $SYSTEMD_COLORS. If that
+         * isn't set we check whether PID 1 has $TERM set, and if not, whether TERM is set on the kernel command
+         * line. If we find $TERM set we assume color if it's not set to "dumb", similarly to how regular
+         * colors_enabled() operates. */
+
+        m = parse_systemd_colors();
+        if (m >= 0)
+                return m;
+
+        if (getenv("NO_COLOR"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (getenv_for_pid(1, "TERM", &s) <= 0)
+                (void) proc_cmdline_get_key("TERM", 0, &s);
+
+        return !streq_ptr(s, "dumb");
+}
+
+bool underline_enabled(void) {
+
+        if (cached_underline_enabled < 0) {
+
+                /* The Linux console doesn't support underlining, turn it off, but only there. */
+
+                if (colors_enabled())
+                        cached_underline_enabled = !streq_ptr(getenv("TERM"), "linux");
+                else
+                        cached_underline_enabled = false;
+        }
+
+        return cached_underline_enabled;
+}
+
+int vt_default_utf8(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Read the default VT UTF8 setting from the kernel */
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/module/vt/parameters/default_utf8", &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return parse_boolean(b);
+}
+
+int vt_reset_keyboard(int fd) {
+        int kb;
+
+        /* If we can't read the default, then default to unicode. It's 2017 after all. */
+        kb = vt_default_utf8() != 0 ? K_UNICODE : K_XLATE;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, kb));
+}
+
+int vt_restore(int fd) {
+        static const struct vt_mode mode = {
+                .mode = VT_AUTO,
+        };
+        int r, q = 0;
+
+        if (isatty(fd) < 1)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Asked to restore the VT for an fd that does not refer to a terminal: %m");
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT) < 0)
+                q = log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to set VT in text mode, ignoring: %m");
+
+        r = vt_reset_keyboard(fd);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to reset keyboard mode, ignoring: %m");
+                if (q >= 0)
+                        q = r;
+        }
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, VT_SETMODE, &mode) < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to set VT_AUTO mode, ignoring: %m");
+                if (q >= 0)
+                        q = -errno;
+        }
+
+        r = fchmod_and_chown(fd, TTY_MODE, 0, GID_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to chmod()/chown() VT, ignoring: %m");
+                if (q >= 0)
+                        q = r;
+        }
+
+        return q;
+}
+
+int vt_release(int fd, bool restore) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* This function releases the VT by acknowledging the VT-switch signal
+         * sent by the kernel and optionally reset the VT in text and auto
+         * VT-switching modes. */
+
+        if (isatty(fd) < 1)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Asked to release the VT for an fd that does not refer to a terminal: %m");
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, VT_RELDISP, 1) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (restore)
+                return vt_restore(fd);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void get_log_colors(int priority, const char **on, const char **off, const char **highlight) {
+        /* Note that this will initialize output variables only when there's something to output.
+         * The caller must pre-initialize to "" or NULL as appropriate. */
+
+        if (priority <= LOG_ERR) {
+                if (on)
+                        *on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                if (off)
+                        *off = ansi_normal();
+                if (highlight)
+                        *highlight = ansi_highlight();
+
+        } else if (priority <= LOG_WARNING) {
+                if (on)
+                        *on = ansi_highlight_yellow();
+                if (off)
+                        *off = ansi_normal();
+                if (highlight)
+                        *highlight = ansi_highlight();
+
+        } else if (priority <= LOG_NOTICE) {
+                if (on)
+                        *on = ansi_highlight();
+                if (off)
+                        *off = ansi_normal();
+                if (highlight)
+                        *highlight = ansi_highlight_red();
+
+        } else if (priority >= LOG_DEBUG) {
+                if (on)
+                        *on = ansi_grey();
+                if (off)
+                        *off = ansi_normal();
+                if (highlight)
+                        *highlight = ansi_highlight_red();
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/terminal-util.h b/src/basic/terminal-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59c868a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/terminal-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+/* Regular colors */
+#define ANSI_BLACK   "\x1B[0;30m" /* Some type of grey usually. */
+#define ANSI_RED     "\x1B[0;31m"
+#define ANSI_GREEN   "\x1B[0;32m"
+#define ANSI_YELLOW  "\x1B[0;33m"
+#define ANSI_BLUE    "\x1B[0;34m"
+#define ANSI_MAGENTA "\x1B[0;35m"
+#define ANSI_CYAN    "\x1B[0;36m"
+#define ANSI_WHITE   "\x1B[0;37m" /* This is actually rendered as light grey, legible even on a white
+                                   * background. See ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_WHITE for real white. */
+
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_BLACK   "\x1B[0;90m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_RED     "\x1B[0;91m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_GREEN   "\x1B[0;92m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_YELLOW  "\x1B[0;93m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_BLUE    "\x1B[0;94m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_MAGENTA "\x1B[0;95m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_CYAN    "\x1B[0;96m"
+#define ANSI_BRIGHT_WHITE   "\x1B[0;97m"
+
+#define ANSI_GREY    "\x1B[0;38;5;245m"
+
+/* Bold/highlighted */
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_BLACK    "\x1B[0;1;30m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED      "\x1B[0;1;31m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN    "\x1B[0;1;32m"
+#define _ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW  "\x1B[0;1;33m" /* This yellow is currently not displayed well by some terminals */
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_BLUE     "\x1B[0;1;34m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_MAGENTA  "\x1B[0;1;35m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_CYAN     "\x1B[0;1;36m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_WHITE    "\x1B[0;1;37m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW4  "\x1B[0;1;38;5;100m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_KHAKI3   "\x1B[0;1;38;5;185m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREY     "\x1B[0;1;38;5;245m"
+
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW   ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_KHAKI3 /* Replacement yellow that is more legible */
+
+/* Underlined */
+#define ANSI_GREY_UNDERLINE              "\x1B[0;4;38;5;245m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_UNDERLINE     "\x1B[0;1;4;31m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_UNDERLINE   "\x1B[0;1;4;32m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_UNDERLINE  "\x1B[0;1;4;38;5;185m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_BLUE_UNDERLINE    "\x1B[0;1;4;34m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_MAGENTA_UNDERLINE "\x1B[0;1;4;35m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREY_UNDERLINE    "\x1B[0;1;4;38;5;245m"
+
+/* Other ANSI codes */
+#define ANSI_UNDERLINE "\x1B[0;4m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT "\x1B[0;1;39m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_UNDERLINE "\x1B[0;1;4m"
+
+/* Fallback colors: 256 -> 16 */
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREY_FALLBACK   "\x1B[0;1;90m"
+#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_FALLBACK "\x1B[0;1;33m"
+
+/* Reset/clear ANSI styles */
+#define ANSI_NORMAL "\x1B[0m"
+
+/* Erase characters until the end of the line */
+#define ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE "\x1B[K"
+
+/* Move cursor up one line */
+#define ANSI_REVERSE_LINEFEED "\x1BM"
+
+/* Set cursor to top left corner and clear screen */
+#define ANSI_HOME_CLEAR "\x1B[H\x1B[2J"
+
+int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text);
+int reset_terminal(const char *name);
+
+int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode);
+
+/* Flags for tweaking the way we become the controlling process of a terminal. */
+typedef enum AcquireTerminalFlags {
+        /* Try to become the controlling process of the TTY. If we can't return -EPERM. */
+        ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_TRY        = 0,
+
+        /* Tell the kernel to forcibly make us the controlling process of the TTY. Returns -EPERM if the kernel doesn't allow that. */
+        ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_FORCE      = 1,
+
+        /* If we can't become the controlling process of the TTY right-away, then wait until we can. */
+        ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT       = 2,
+
+        /* Pick one of the above, and then OR this flag in, in order to request permissive behaviour, if we can't become controlling process then don't mind */
+        ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_PERMISSIVE = 1 << 2,
+} AcquireTerminalFlags;
+
+/* Limits the use of ANSI colors to a subset. */
+typedef enum ColorMode {
+        /* No colors, monochrome output. */
+        COLOR_OFF,
+
+        /* All colors, no restrictions. */
+        COLOR_ON,
+
+        /* Only the base 16 colors. */
+        COLOR_16,
+
+        /* Only 256 colors. */
+        COLOR_256,
+
+        /* For truecolor or 24bit color support.*/
+        COLOR_24BIT,
+
+        _COLOR_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ColorMode;
+
+int acquire_terminal(const char *name, AcquireTerminalFlags flags, usec_t timeout);
+int release_terminal(void);
+
+int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd);
+int terminal_vhangup(const char *name);
+
+int terminal_set_size_fd(int fd, const char *ident, unsigned rows, unsigned cols);
+
+int chvt(int vt);
+
+int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t timeout, bool *need_nl);
+int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) _printf_(3, 4);
+int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) _printf_(2, 3);
+
+int vt_disallocate(const char *name);
+
+int resolve_dev_console(char **ret);
+int get_kernel_consoles(char ***ret);
+bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty);
+bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty);
+bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) _pure_;
+int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty);
+const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty);
+
+int make_console_stdio(void);
+
+int fd_columns(int fd);
+unsigned columns(void);
+int fd_lines(int fd);
+unsigned lines(void);
+
+void columns_lines_cache_reset(int _unused_ signum);
+void reset_terminal_feature_caches(void);
+
+bool on_tty(void);
+bool terminal_is_dumb(void);
+ColorMode get_color_mode(void);
+bool underline_enabled(void);
+bool dev_console_colors_enabled(void);
+
+static inline bool colors_enabled(void) {
+
+        /* Returns true if colors are considered supported on our stdout. */
+        return get_color_mode() != COLOR_OFF;
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(name, NAME)                            \
+        static inline const char *ansi_##name(void) {           \
+                return colors_enabled() ? ANSI_##NAME : "";     \
+        }
+
+#define DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_256(name, NAME, FALLBACK)             \
+        static inline const char *ansi_##name(void) {          \
+                switch (get_color_mode()) {                    \
+                        case COLOR_OFF: return "";             \
+                        case COLOR_16: return ANSI_##FALLBACK; \
+                        default : return ANSI_##NAME;          \
+                }                                              \
+        }
+
+#define DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(name, NAME)                            \
+        static inline const char *ansi_##name(void) {                     \
+                return underline_enabled() ? ANSI_##NAME ANSI_UNDERLINE : \
+                        colors_enabled() ? ANSI_##NAME : "";              \
+        }
+
+
+#define DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE_256(name, NAME, FALLBACK)                                                           \
+        static inline const char *ansi_##name(void) {                                                                  \
+                switch (get_color_mode()) {                                                                            \
+                        case COLOR_OFF: return "";                                                                     \
+                        case COLOR_16: return underline_enabled() ? ANSI_##FALLBACK ANSI_UNDERLINE : ANSI_##FALLBACK;  \
+                        default : return underline_enabled() ? ANSI_##NAME ANSI_UNDERLINE: ANSI_##NAME;                \
+                }                                                                                                      \
+        }
+
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(normal,            NORMAL);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight,         HIGHLIGHT);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(black,             BLACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(red,               RED);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(green,             GREEN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(yellow,            YELLOW);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(blue,              BLUE);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(magenta,           MAGENTA);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(cyan,              CYAN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(white,             WHITE);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_256(grey,          GREY, BRIGHT_BLACK);
+
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_black,      BRIGHT_BLACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_red,        BRIGHT_RED);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_green,      BRIGHT_GREEN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_yellow,     BRIGHT_YELLOW);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_blue,       BRIGHT_BLUE);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_magenta,    BRIGHT_MAGENTA);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_cyan,       BRIGHT_CYAN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(bright_white,      BRIGHT_WHITE);
+
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_black,       HIGHLIGHT_BLACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_red,         HIGHLIGHT_RED);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_green,       HIGHLIGHT_GREEN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_256(highlight_yellow,  HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW, HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_FALLBACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_256(highlight_yellow4, HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW4, HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_FALLBACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_blue,        HIGHLIGHT_BLUE);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_magenta,     HIGHLIGHT_MAGENTA);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_cyan,        HIGHLIGHT_CYAN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_256(highlight_grey,    HIGHLIGHT_GREY, HIGHLIGHT_GREY_FALLBACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC(highlight_white,       HIGHLIGHT_WHITE);
+
+static inline const char* _ansi_highlight_yellow(void) {
+        return colors_enabled() ? _ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW : "";
+}
+
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(underline,                       NORMAL);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(highlight_underline,             HIGHLIGHT);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE_256(grey_underline,              GREY, BRIGHT_BLACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(highlight_red_underline,         HIGHLIGHT_RED);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(highlight_green_underline,       HIGHLIGHT_GREEN);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE_256(highlight_yellow_underline,  HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW, HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_FALLBACK);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(highlight_blue_underline,        HIGHLIGHT_BLUE);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE(highlight_magenta_underline,     HIGHLIGHT_MAGENTA);
+DEFINE_ANSI_FUNC_UNDERLINE_256(highlight_grey_underline,    HIGHLIGHT_GREY, HIGHLIGHT_GREY_FALLBACK);
+
+int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d);
+int get_ctty(pid_t, dev_t *_devnr, char **r);
+
+int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r);
+int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r);
+
+int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret);
+
+int openpt_allocate(int flags, char **ret_slave);
+int openpt_allocate_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags, char **ret_slave);
+int open_terminal_in_namespace(pid_t pid, const char *name, int mode);
+
+int vt_default_utf8(void);
+int vt_reset_keyboard(int fd);
+int vt_restore(int fd);
+int vt_release(int fd, bool restore_vt);
+
+void get_log_colors(int priority, const char **on, const char **off, const char **highlight);
+
+static inline const char* ansi_highlight_green_red(bool b) {
+        return b ? ansi_highlight_green() : ansi_highlight_red();
+}
+
+/* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
+#define TTY_MODE 0620
diff --git a/src/basic/time-util.c b/src/basic/time-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..817ac43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/time-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "missing_timerfd.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+static clockid_t map_clock_id(clockid_t c) {
+
+        /* Some more exotic archs (s390, ppc, …) lack the "ALARM" flavour of the clocks. Thus,
+         * clock_gettime() will fail for them. Since they are essentially the same as their non-ALARM
+         * pendants (their only difference is when timers are set on them), let's just map them
+         * accordingly. This way, we can get the correct time even on those archs. */
+
+        switch (c) {
+
+        case CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM:
+                return CLOCK_BOOTTIME;
+
+        case CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM:
+                return CLOCK_REALTIME;
+
+        default:
+                return c;
+        }
+}
+
+usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
+        struct timespec ts;
+
+        assert_se(clock_gettime(map_clock_id(clock_id), &ts) == 0);
+
+        return timespec_load(&ts);
+}
+
+nsec_t now_nsec(clockid_t clock_id) {
+        struct timespec ts;
+
+        assert_se(clock_gettime(map_clock_id(clock_id), &ts) == 0);
+
+        return timespec_load_nsec(&ts);
+}
+
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+        ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+triple_timestamp* triple_timestamp_get(triple_timestamp *ts) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+        ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        ts->boottime = now(CLOCK_BOOTTIME);
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+static usec_t map_clock_usec_internal(usec_t from, usec_t from_base, usec_t to_base) {
+
+        /* Maps the time 'from' between two clocks, based on a common reference point where the first clock
+         * is at 'from_base' and the second clock at 'to_base'. Basically calculates:
+         *
+         *         from - from_base + to_base
+         *
+         * But takes care of overflows/underflows and avoids signed operations. */
+
+        if (from >= from_base) { /* In the future */
+                usec_t delta = from - from_base;
+
+                if (to_base >= USEC_INFINITY - delta) /* overflow? */
+                        return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+                return to_base + delta;
+
+        } else { /* In the past */
+                usec_t delta = from_base - from;
+
+                if (to_base <= delta) /* underflow? */
+                        return 0;
+
+                return to_base - delta;
+        }
+}
+
+usec_t map_clock_usec(usec_t from, clockid_t from_clock, clockid_t to_clock) {
+
+        /* Try to avoid any inaccuracy needlessly added in case we convert from effectively the same clock
+         * onto itself */
+        if (map_clock_id(from_clock) == map_clock_id(to_clock))
+                return from;
+
+        /* Keep infinity as is */
+        if (from == USEC_INFINITY)
+                return from;
+
+        return map_clock_usec_internal(from, now(from_clock), now(to_clock));
+}
+
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(u)) {
+                ts->realtime = ts->monotonic = u;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        ts->realtime = u;
+        ts->monotonic = map_clock_usec(u, CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        return ts;
+}
+
+triple_timestamp* triple_timestamp_from_realtime(triple_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
+        usec_t nowr;
+
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(u)) {
+                ts->realtime = ts->monotonic = ts->boottime = u;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        nowr = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        ts->realtime = u;
+        ts->monotonic = map_clock_usec_internal(u, nowr, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
+        ts->boottime = map_clock_usec_internal(u, nowr, now(CLOCK_BOOTTIME));
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (u == USEC_INFINITY) {
+                ts->realtime = ts->monotonic = USEC_INFINITY;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        ts->monotonic = u;
+        ts->realtime = map_clock_usec(u, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_REALTIME);
+        return ts;
+}
+
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_boottime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
+        usec_t nowm;
+
+        if (u == USEC_INFINITY) {
+                ts->realtime = ts->monotonic = USEC_INFINITY;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        nowm = now(CLOCK_BOOTTIME);
+        ts->monotonic = map_clock_usec_internal(u, nowm, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
+        ts->realtime = map_clock_usec_internal(u, nowm, now(CLOCK_REALTIME));
+        return ts;
+}
+
+usec_t triple_timestamp_by_clock(triple_timestamp *ts, clockid_t clock) {
+
+        switch (clock) {
+
+        case CLOCK_REALTIME:
+        case CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM:
+                return ts->realtime;
+
+        case CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
+                return ts->monotonic;
+
+        case CLOCK_BOOTTIME:
+        case CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM:
+                return ts->boottime;
+
+        default:
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+        }
+}
+
+usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (ts->tv_sec < 0 || ts->tv_nsec < 0)
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        if ((usec_t) ts->tv_sec > (UINT64_MAX - (ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC)) / USEC_PER_SEC)
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        return
+                (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
+                (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
+}
+
+nsec_t timespec_load_nsec(const struct timespec *ts) {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (ts->tv_sec < 0 || ts->tv_nsec < 0)
+                return NSEC_INFINITY;
+
+        if ((nsec_t) ts->tv_sec >= (UINT64_MAX - ts->tv_nsec) / NSEC_PER_SEC)
+                return NSEC_INFINITY;
+
+        return (nsec_t) ts->tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + (nsec_t) ts->tv_nsec;
+}
+
+struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u)  {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (u == USEC_INFINITY ||
+            u / USEC_PER_SEC >= TIME_T_MAX) {
+                ts->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
+                ts->tv_nsec = -1L;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
+        ts->tv_nsec = (long) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+struct timespec *timespec_store_nsec(struct timespec *ts, nsec_t n)  {
+        assert(ts);
+
+        if (n == NSEC_INFINITY ||
+            n / NSEC_PER_SEC >= TIME_T_MAX) {
+                ts->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
+                ts->tv_nsec = -1L;
+                return ts;
+        }
+
+        ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (n / NSEC_PER_SEC);
+        ts->tv_nsec = (long) (n % NSEC_PER_SEC);
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
+        assert(tv);
+
+        if (tv->tv_sec < 0 || tv->tv_usec < 0)
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        if ((usec_t) tv->tv_sec > (UINT64_MAX - tv->tv_usec) / USEC_PER_SEC)
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        return
+                (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
+                (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
+}
+
+struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
+        assert(tv);
+
+        if (u == USEC_INFINITY ||
+            u / USEC_PER_SEC > TIME_T_MAX) {
+                tv->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
+                tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) -1;
+        } else {
+                tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
+                tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
+        }
+
+        return tv;
+}
+
+char *format_timestamp_style(
+                char *buf,
+                size_t l,
+                usec_t t,
+                TimestampStyle style) {
+
+        /* The weekdays in non-localized (English) form. We use this instead of the localized form, so that
+         * our generated timestamps may be parsed with parse_timestamp(), and always read the same. */
+        static const char * const weekdays[] = {
+                [0] = "Sun",
+                [1] = "Mon",
+                [2] = "Tue",
+                [3] = "Wed",
+                [4] = "Thu",
+                [5] = "Fri",
+                [6] = "Sat",
+        };
+
+        struct tm tm;
+        time_t sec;
+        size_t n;
+        bool utc = false, us = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(buf);
+
+        switch (style) {
+                case TIMESTAMP_PRETTY:
+                case TIMESTAMP_UNIX:
+                        break;
+                case TIMESTAMP_US:
+                        us = true;
+                        break;
+                case TIMESTAMP_UTC:
+                        utc = true;
+                        break;
+                case TIMESTAMP_US_UTC:
+                        us = true;
+                        utc = true;
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (l < (size_t) (3 +                  /* week day */
+                          1 + 10 +             /* space and date */
+                          1 + 8 +              /* space and time */
+                          (us ? 1 + 6 : 0) +   /* "." and microsecond part */
+                          1 + 1 +              /* space and shortest possible zone */
+                          1))
+                return NULL; /* Not enough space even for the shortest form. */
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(t))
+                return NULL; /* Timestamp is unset */
+
+        if (style == TIMESTAMP_UNIX) {
+                r = snprintf(buf, l, "@" USEC_FMT, t / USEC_PER_SEC);  /* round down µs → s */
+                if (r < 0 || (size_t) r >= l)
+                        return NULL; /* Doesn't fit */
+
+                return buf;
+        }
+
+        /* Let's not format times with years > 9999 */
+        if (t > USEC_TIMESTAMP_FORMATTABLE_MAX) {
+                assert(l >= STRLEN("--- XXXX-XX-XX XX:XX:XX") + 1);
+                strcpy(buf, "--- XXXX-XX-XX XX:XX:XX");
+                return buf;
+        }
+
+        sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC); /* Round down */
+
+        if (!localtime_or_gmtime_r(&sec, &tm, utc))
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* Start with the week day */
+        assert((size_t) tm.tm_wday < ELEMENTSOF(weekdays));
+        memcpy(buf, weekdays[tm.tm_wday], 4);
+
+        /* Add the main components */
+        if (strftime(buf + 3, l - 3, " %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm) <= 0)
+                return NULL; /* Doesn't fit */
+
+        /* Append the microseconds part, if that's requested */
+        if (us) {
+                n = strlen(buf);
+                if (n + 8 > l)
+                        return NULL; /* Microseconds part doesn't fit. */
+
+                sprintf(buf + n, ".%06"PRI_USEC, t % USEC_PER_SEC);
+        }
+
+        /* Append the timezone */
+        n = strlen(buf);
+        if (utc) {
+                /* If this is UTC then let's explicitly use the "UTC" string here, because gmtime_r()
+                 * normally uses the obsolete "GMT" instead. */
+                if (n + 5 > l)
+                        return NULL; /* "UTC" doesn't fit. */
+
+                strcpy(buf + n, " UTC");
+
+        } else if (!isempty(tm.tm_zone)) {
+                size_t tn;
+
+                /* An explicit timezone is specified, let's use it, if it fits */
+                tn = strlen(tm.tm_zone);
+                if (n + 1 + tn + 1 > l) {
+                        /* The full time zone does not fit in. Yuck. */
+
+                        if (n + 1 + _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX + 1 > l)
+                                return NULL; /* Not even enough space for the POSIX minimum (of 6)? In that
+                                              * case, complain that it doesn't fit. */
+
+                        /* So the time zone doesn't fit in fully, but the caller passed enough space for the
+                         * POSIX minimum time zone length. In this case suppress the timezone entirely, in
+                         * order not to dump an overly long, hard to read string on the user. This should be
+                         * safe, because the user will assume the local timezone anyway if none is shown. And
+                         * so does parse_timestamp(). */
+                } else {
+                        buf[n++] = ' ';
+                        strcpy(buf + n, tm.tm_zone);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return buf;
+}
+
+char *format_timestamp_relative(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
+        const char *s;
+        usec_t n, d;
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(t))
+                return NULL;
+
+        n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+        if (n > t) {
+                d = n - t;
+                s = "ago";
+        } else {
+                d = t - n;
+                s = "left";
+        }
+
+        if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR) {
+                usec_t years = d / USEC_PER_YEAR;
+                usec_t months = (d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH;
+
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT " %s " USEC_FMT " %s %s",
+                                years,
+                                years == 1 ? "year" : "years",
+                                months,
+                                months == 1 ? "month" : "months",
+                                s);
+        } else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH) {
+                usec_t months = d / USEC_PER_MONTH;
+                usec_t days = (d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY;
+
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT " %s " USEC_FMT " %s %s",
+                                months,
+                                months == 1 ? "month" : "months",
+                                days,
+                                days == 1 ? "day" : "days",
+                                s);
+        } else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK) {
+                usec_t weeks = d / USEC_PER_WEEK;
+                usec_t days = (d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY;
+
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT " %s " USEC_FMT " %s %s",
+                                weeks,
+                                weeks == 1 ? "week" : "weeks",
+                                days,
+                                days == 1 ? "day" : "days",
+                                s);
+        } else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT " days %s", d / USEC_PER_DAY, s);
+        else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, "1 day " USEC_FMT "h %s",
+                                (d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR, s);
+        else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "h %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_HOUR, s);
+        else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "h " USEC_FMT "min %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_HOUR,
+                                (d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE, s);
+        else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "min %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_MINUTE, s);
+        else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "min " USEC_FMT "s %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_MINUTE,
+                                (d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC, s);
+        else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "s %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_SEC, s);
+        else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT "ms %s",
+                                d / USEC_PER_MSEC, s);
+        else if (d > 0)
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, USEC_FMT"us %s",
+                                d, s);
+        else
+                (void) snprintf(buf, l, "now");
+
+        buf[l-1] = 0;
+        return buf;
+}
+
+char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t, usec_t accuracy) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *suffix;
+                usec_t usec;
+        } table[] = {
+                { "y",     USEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "month", USEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "w",     USEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "d",     USEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "h",     USEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "min",   USEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "s",     USEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "ms",    USEC_PER_MSEC   },
+                { "us",    1               },
+        };
+
+        char *p = ASSERT_PTR(buf);
+        bool something = false;
+
+        assert(l > 0);
+
+        if (t == USEC_INFINITY) {
+                strncpy(p, "infinity", l-1);
+                p[l-1] = 0;
+                return p;
+        }
+
+        if (t <= 0) {
+                strncpy(p, "0", l-1);
+                p[l-1] = 0;
+                return p;
+        }
+
+        /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_sec */
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+                int k = 0;
+                size_t n;
+                bool done = false;
+                usec_t a, b;
+
+                if (t <= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (t < accuracy && something)
+                        break;
+
+                if (t < table[i].usec)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (l <= 1)
+                        break;
+
+                a = t / table[i].usec;
+                b = t % table[i].usec;
+
+                /* Let's see if we should shows this in dot notation */
+                if (t < USEC_PER_MINUTE && b > 0) {
+                        signed char j = 0;
+
+                        for (usec_t cc = table[i].usec; cc > 1; cc /= 10)
+                                j++;
+
+                        for (usec_t cc = accuracy; cc > 1; cc /= 10) {
+                                b /= 10;
+                                j--;
+                        }
+
+                        if (j > 0) {
+                                k = snprintf(p, l,
+                                             "%s"USEC_FMT".%0*"PRI_USEC"%s",
+                                             p > buf ? " " : "",
+                                             a,
+                                             j,
+                                             b,
+                                             table[i].suffix);
+
+                                t = 0;
+                                done = true;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* No? Then let's show it normally */
+                if (!done) {
+                        k = snprintf(p, l,
+                                     "%s"USEC_FMT"%s",
+                                     p > buf ? " " : "",
+                                     a,
+                                     table[i].suffix);
+
+                        t = b;
+                }
+
+                n = MIN((size_t) k, l-1);
+
+                l -= n;
+                p += n;
+
+                something = true;
+        }
+
+        *p = 0;
+
+        return buf;
+}
+
+static int parse_timestamp_impl(const char *t, usec_t *usec, bool with_tz) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *name;
+                const int nr;
+        } day_nr[] = {
+                { "Sunday",    0 },
+                { "Sun",       0 },
+                { "Monday",    1 },
+                { "Mon",       1 },
+                { "Tuesday",   2 },
+                { "Tue",       2 },
+                { "Wednesday", 3 },
+                { "Wed",       3 },
+                { "Thursday",  4 },
+                { "Thu",       4 },
+                { "Friday",    5 },
+                { "Fri",       5 },
+                { "Saturday",  6 },
+                { "Sat",       6 },
+        };
+
+        const char *k, *utc = NULL, *tzn = NULL;
+        struct tm tm, copy;
+        time_t x;
+        usec_t x_usec, plus = 0, minus = 0, ret;
+        int r, weekday = -1, dst = -1;
+        size_t i;
+
+        /* Allowed syntaxes:
+         *
+         *   2012-09-22 16:34:22
+         *   2012-09-22 16:34     (seconds will be set to 0)
+         *   2012-09-22           (time will be set to 00:00:00)
+         *   16:34:22             (date will be set to today)
+         *   16:34                (date will be set to today, seconds to 0)
+         *   now
+         *   yesterday            (time is set to 00:00:00)
+         *   today                (time is set to 00:00:00)
+         *   tomorrow             (time is set to 00:00:00)
+         *   +5min
+         *   -5days
+         *   @2147483647          (seconds since epoch)
+         */
+
+        assert(t);
+
+        if (t[0] == '@' && !with_tz)
+                return parse_sec(t + 1, usec);
+
+        ret = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        if (!with_tz) {
+                if (streq(t, "now"))
+                        goto finish;
+
+                else if (t[0] == '+') {
+                        r = parse_sec(t+1, &plus);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        goto finish;
+
+                } else if (t[0] == '-') {
+                        r = parse_sec(t+1, &minus);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        goto finish;
+
+                } else if ((k = endswith(t, " ago"))) {
+                        t = strndupa_safe(t, k - t);
+
+                        r = parse_sec(t, &minus);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        goto finish;
+
+                } else if ((k = endswith(t, " left"))) {
+                        t = strndupa_safe(t, k - t);
+
+                        r = parse_sec(t, &plus);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                /* See if the timestamp is suffixed with UTC */
+                utc = endswith_no_case(t, " UTC");
+                if (utc)
+                        t = strndupa_safe(t, utc - t);
+                else {
+                        const char *e = NULL;
+                        int j;
+
+                        tzset();
+
+                        /* See if the timestamp is suffixed by either the DST or non-DST local timezone. Note
+                         * that we only support the local timezones here, nothing else. Not because we
+                         * wouldn't want to, but simply because there are no nice APIs available to cover
+                         * this. By accepting the local time zone strings, we make sure that all timestamps
+                         * written by format_timestamp() can be parsed correctly, even though we don't
+                         * support arbitrary timezone specifications. */
+
+                        for (j = 0; j <= 1; j++) {
+
+                                if (isempty(tzname[j]))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                e = endswith_no_case(t, tzname[j]);
+                                if (!e)
+                                        continue;
+                                if (e == t)
+                                        continue;
+                                if (e[-1] != ' ')
+                                        continue;
+
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (IN_SET(j, 0, 1)) {
+                                /* Found one of the two timezones specified. */
+                                t = strndupa_safe(t, e - t - 1);
+                                dst = j;
+                                tzn = tzname[j];
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        x = (time_t) (ret / USEC_PER_SEC);
+        x_usec = 0;
+
+        if (!localtime_or_gmtime_r(&x, &tm, utc))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        tm.tm_isdst = dst;
+        if (!with_tz && tzn)
+                tm.tm_zone = tzn;
+
+        if (streq(t, "today")) {
+                tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+
+        } else if (streq(t, "yesterday")) {
+                tm.tm_mday--;
+                tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+
+        } else if (streq(t, "tomorrow")) {
+                tm.tm_mday++;
+                tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(day_nr); i++) {
+                size_t skip;
+
+                if (!startswith_no_case(t, day_nr[i].name))
+                        continue;
+
+                skip = strlen(day_nr[i].name);
+                if (t[skip] != ' ')
+                        continue;
+
+                weekday = day_nr[i].nr;
+                t += skip + 1;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        copy = tm;
+        k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
+        if (k) {
+                if (*k == '.')
+                        goto parse_usec;
+                else if (*k == 0)
+                        goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
+        if (k) {
+                if (*k == '.')
+                        goto parse_usec;
+                else if (*k == 0)
+                        goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        /* Support OUTPUT_SHORT and OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE formats */
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%b %d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
+        if (k) {
+                if (*k == '.')
+                        goto parse_usec;
+                else if (*k == 0)
+                        goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
+        if (k && *k == 0) {
+                tm.tm_sec = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
+        if (k && *k == 0) {
+                tm.tm_sec = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d", &tm);
+        if (k && *k == 0) {
+                tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d", &tm);
+        if (k && *k == 0) {
+                tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%H:%M:%S", &tm);
+        if (k) {
+                if (*k == '.')
+                        goto parse_usec;
+                else if (*k == 0)
+                        goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        tm = copy;
+        k = strptime(t, "%H:%M", &tm);
+        if (k && *k == 0) {
+                tm.tm_sec = 0;
+                goto from_tm;
+        }
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+
+parse_usec:
+        {
+                unsigned add;
+
+                k++;
+                r = parse_fractional_part_u(&k, 6, &add);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (*k)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                x_usec = add;
+        }
+
+from_tm:
+        if (weekday >= 0 && tm.tm_wday != weekday)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        x = mktime_or_timegm(&tm, utc);
+        if (x < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        ret = (usec_t) x * USEC_PER_SEC + x_usec;
+        if (ret > USEC_TIMESTAMP_FORMATTABLE_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+finish:
+        if (ret + plus < ret) /* overflow? */
+                return -EINVAL;
+        ret += plus;
+        if (ret > USEC_TIMESTAMP_FORMATTABLE_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret >= minus)
+                ret -= minus;
+        else
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (usec)
+                *usec = ret;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+typedef struct ParseTimestampResult {
+        usec_t usec;
+        int return_value;
+} ParseTimestampResult;
+
+int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
+        char *last_space, *tz = NULL;
+        ParseTimestampResult *shared, tmp;
+        int r;
+
+        last_space = strrchr(t, ' ');
+        if (last_space != NULL && timezone_is_valid(last_space + 1, LOG_DEBUG))
+                tz = last_space + 1;
+
+        if (!tz || endswith_no_case(t, " UTC"))
+                return parse_timestamp_impl(t, usec, false);
+
+        shared = mmap(NULL, sizeof *shared, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+        if (shared == MAP_FAILED)
+                return negative_errno();
+
+        r = safe_fork("(sd-timestamp)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS|FORK_DEATHSIG|FORK_WAIT, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) munmap(shared, sizeof *shared);
+                return r;
+        }
+        if (r == 0) {
+                bool with_tz = true;
+                char *colon_tz;
+
+                /* tzset(3) says $TZ should be prefixed with ":" if we reference timezone files */
+                colon_tz = strjoina(":", tz);
+
+                if (setenv("TZ", colon_tz, 1) != 0) {
+                        shared->return_value = negative_errno();
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+                tzset();
+
+                /* If there is a timezone that matches the tzname fields, leave the parsing to the implementation.
+                 * Otherwise just cut it off. */
+                with_tz = !STR_IN_SET(tz, tzname[0], tzname[1]);
+
+                /* Cut off the timezone if we don't need it. */
+                if (with_tz)
+                        t = strndupa_safe(t, last_space - t);
+
+                shared->return_value = parse_timestamp_impl(t, &shared->usec, with_tz);
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        tmp = *shared;
+        if (munmap(shared, sizeof *shared) != 0)
+                return negative_errno();
+
+        if (tmp.return_value == 0 && usec)
+                *usec = tmp.usec;
+
+        return tmp.return_value;
+}
+
+static const char* extract_multiplier(const char *p, usec_t *multiplier) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *suffix;
+                usec_t usec;
+        } table[] = {
+                { "seconds", USEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "second",  USEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "sec",     USEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "s",       USEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "minutes", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "minute",  USEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "min",     USEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "months",  USEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "month",   USEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "M",       USEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "msec",    USEC_PER_MSEC   },
+                { "ms",      USEC_PER_MSEC   },
+                { "m",       USEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "hours",   USEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "hour",    USEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "hr",      USEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "h",       USEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "days",    USEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "day",     USEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "d",       USEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "weeks",   USEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "week",    USEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "w",       USEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "years",   USEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "year",    USEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "y",       USEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "usec",    1ULL            },
+                { "us",      1ULL            },
+                { "μs",      1ULL            }, /* U+03bc (aka GREEK SMALL LETTER MU) */
+                { "µs",      1ULL            }, /* U+b5 (aka MICRO SIGN) */
+        };
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+                char *e;
+
+                e = startswith(p, table[i].suffix);
+                if (e) {
+                        *multiplier = table[i].usec;
+                        return e;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int parse_time(const char *t, usec_t *usec, usec_t default_unit) {
+        const char *p, *s;
+        usec_t r = 0;
+        bool something = false;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(default_unit > 0);
+
+        p = t;
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        s = startswith(p, "infinity");
+        if (s) {
+                s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+                if (*s != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (usec)
+                        *usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                usec_t multiplier = default_unit, k;
+                long long l;
+                char *e;
+
+                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+
+                if (*p == 0) {
+                        if (!something)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (*p == '-') /* Don't allow "-0" */
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (l < 0)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        p = e + 1;
+                        p += strspn(p, DIGITS);
+                } else if (e == p)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                else
+                        p = e;
+
+                s = extract_multiplier(p + strspn(p, WHITESPACE), &multiplier);
+                if (s == p && *s != '\0')
+                        /* Don't allow '12.34.56', but accept '12.34 .56' or '12.34s.56' */
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                p = s;
+
+                if ((usec_t) l >= USEC_INFINITY / multiplier)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                k = (usec_t) l * multiplier;
+                if (k >= USEC_INFINITY - r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                r += k;
+
+                something = true;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        usec_t m = multiplier / 10;
+                        const char *b;
+
+                        for (b = e + 1; *b >= '0' && *b <= '9'; b++, m /= 10) {
+                                k = (usec_t) (*b - '0') * m;
+                                if (k >= USEC_INFINITY - r)
+                                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                                r += k;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Don't allow "0.-0", "3.+1", "3. 1", "3.sec" or "3.hoge" */
+                        if (b == e + 1)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (usec)
+                *usec = r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_sec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
+        return parse_time(t, usec, USEC_PER_SEC);
+}
+
+int parse_sec_fix_0(const char *t, usec_t *ret) {
+        usec_t k;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = parse_sec(t, &k);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = k == 0 ? USEC_INFINITY : k;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int parse_sec_def_infinity(const char *t, usec_t *ret) {
+        t += strspn(t, WHITESPACE);
+        if (isempty(t)) {
+                *ret = USEC_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        return parse_sec(t, ret);
+}
+
+static const char* extract_nsec_multiplier(const char *p, nsec_t *multiplier) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *suffix;
+                nsec_t nsec;
+        } table[] = {
+                { "seconds", NSEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "second",  NSEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "sec",     NSEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "s",       NSEC_PER_SEC    },
+                { "minutes", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "minute",  NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "min",     NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "months",  NSEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "month",   NSEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "M",       NSEC_PER_MONTH  },
+                { "msec",    NSEC_PER_MSEC   },
+                { "ms",      NSEC_PER_MSEC   },
+                { "m",       NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
+                { "hours",   NSEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "hour",    NSEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "hr",      NSEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "h",       NSEC_PER_HOUR   },
+                { "days",    NSEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "day",     NSEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "d",       NSEC_PER_DAY    },
+                { "weeks",   NSEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "week",    NSEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "w",       NSEC_PER_WEEK   },
+                { "years",   NSEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "year",    NSEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "y",       NSEC_PER_YEAR   },
+                { "usec",    NSEC_PER_USEC   },
+                { "us",      NSEC_PER_USEC   },
+                { "μs",      NSEC_PER_USEC   }, /* U+03bc (aka GREEK LETTER MU) */
+                { "µs",      NSEC_PER_USEC   }, /* U+b5 (aka MICRO SIGN) */
+                { "nsec",    1ULL            },
+                { "ns",      1ULL            },
+                { "",        1ULL            }, /* default is nsec */
+        };
+        size_t i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+                char *e;
+
+                e = startswith(p, table[i].suffix);
+                if (e) {
+                        *multiplier = table[i].nsec;
+                        return e;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
+        const char *p, *s;
+        nsec_t r = 0;
+        bool something = false;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(nsec);
+
+        p = t;
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        s = startswith(p, "infinity");
+        if (s) {
+                s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+                if (*s != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *nsec = NSEC_INFINITY;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                nsec_t multiplier = 1, k;
+                long long l;
+                char *e;
+
+                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+
+                if (*p == 0) {
+                        if (!something)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (*p == '-') /* Don't allow "-0" */
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (l < 0)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        p = e + 1;
+                        p += strspn(p, DIGITS);
+                } else if (e == p)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                else
+                        p = e;
+
+                s = extract_nsec_multiplier(p + strspn(p, WHITESPACE), &multiplier);
+                if (s == p && *s != '\0')
+                        /* Don't allow '12.34.56', but accept '12.34 .56' or '12.34s.56' */
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                p = s;
+
+                if ((nsec_t) l >= NSEC_INFINITY / multiplier)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                k = (nsec_t) l * multiplier;
+                if (k >= NSEC_INFINITY - r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                r += k;
+
+                something = true;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        nsec_t m = multiplier / 10;
+                        const char *b;
+
+                        for (b = e + 1; *b >= '0' && *b <= '9'; b++, m /= 10) {
+                                k = (nsec_t) (*b - '0') * m;
+                                if (k >= NSEC_INFINITY - r)
+                                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                                r += k;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Don't allow "0.-0", "3.+1", "3. 1", "3.sec" or "3.hoge" */
+                        if (b == e + 1)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *nsec = r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_timezones_from_zone1970_tab(char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **zones = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        f = fopen("/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab", "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *cc = NULL, *co = NULL, *tz = NULL;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                const char *p = line;
+
+                /* Line format is:
+                 * 'country codes' 'coordinates' 'timezone' 'comments' */
+                r = extract_many_words(&p, NULL, 0, &cc, &co, &tz, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Lines that start with # are comments. */
+                if (*cc == '#')
+                        continue;
+
+                r = strv_extend(&zones, tz);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(zones);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_timezones_from_tzdata_zi(char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **zones = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        f = fopen("/usr/share/zoneinfo/tzdata.zi", "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *type = NULL, *f1 = NULL, *f2 = NULL;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                const char *p = line;
+
+                /* The only lines we care about are Zone and Link lines.
+                 * Zone line format is:
+                 * 'Zone' 'timezone' ...
+                 * Link line format is:
+                 * 'Link' 'target' 'alias'
+                 * See 'man zic' for more detail. */
+                r = extract_many_words(&p, NULL, 0, &type, &f1, &f2, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                char *tz;
+                if (IN_SET(*type, 'Z', 'z'))
+                        /* Zone lines have timezone in field 1. */
+                        tz = f1;
+                else if (IN_SET(*type, 'L', 'l'))
+                        /* Link lines have timezone in field 2. */
+                        tz = f2;
+                else
+                        /* Not a line we care about. */
+                        continue;
+
+                r = strv_extend(&zones, tz);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(zones);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_timezones(char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **zones = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = get_timezones_from_tzdata_zi(&zones);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Could not get timezone data from tzdata.zi, using zone1970.tab: %m");
+                r = get_timezones_from_zone1970_tab(&zones);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Could not get timezone data from zone1970.tab, using UTC: %m");
+        }
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Always include UTC */
+        r = strv_extend(&zones, "UTC");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        strv_sort(zones);
+        strv_uniq(zones);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(zones);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int verify_timezone(const char *name, int log_level) {
+        bool slash = false;
+        const char *p, *t;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        char buf[4];
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(name))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Always accept "UTC" as valid timezone, since it's the fallback, even if user has no timezones installed. */
+        if (streq(name, "UTC"))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (name[0] == '/')
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        for (p = name; *p; p++) {
+                if (!ascii_isdigit(*p) &&
+                    !ascii_isalpha(*p) &&
+                    !IN_SET(*p, '-', '_', '+', '/'))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (*p == '/') {
+
+                        if (slash)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        slash = true;
+                } else
+                        slash = false;
+        }
+
+        if (slash)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (p - name >= PATH_MAX)
+                return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+        t = strjoina("/usr/share/zoneinfo/", name);
+
+        fd = open(t, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, errno, "Failed to open timezone file '%s': %m", t);
+
+        r = fd_verify_regular(fd);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, r, "Timezone file '%s' is not  a regular file: %m", t);
+
+        r = loop_read_exact(fd, buf, 4, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, r, "Failed to read from timezone file '%s': %m", t);
+
+        /* Magic from tzfile(5) */
+        if (memcmp(buf, "TZif", 4) != 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADMSG),
+                                      "Timezone file '%s' has wrong magic bytes", t);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool clock_supported(clockid_t clock) {
+        struct timespec ts;
+
+        switch (clock) {
+
+        case CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
+        case CLOCK_REALTIME:
+        case CLOCK_BOOTTIME:
+                /* These three are always available in our baseline, and work in timerfd, as of kernel 3.15 */
+                return true;
+
+        default:
+                /* For everything else, check properly */
+                return clock_gettime(clock, &ts) >= 0;
+        }
+}
+
+int get_timezone(char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        char *z;
+        int r;
+
+        r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &t);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                /* If the symlink does not exist, assume "UTC", like glibc does */
+                z = strdup("UTC");
+                if (!z)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = z;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r; /* returns EINVAL if not a symlink */
+
+        e = PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(t, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!timezone_is_valid(e, LOG_DEBUG))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        z = strdup(e);
+        if (!z)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = z;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+time_t mktime_or_timegm(struct tm *tm, bool utc) {
+        return utc ? timegm(tm) : mktime(tm);
+}
+
+struct tm *localtime_or_gmtime_r(const time_t *t, struct tm *tm, bool utc) {
+        return utc ? gmtime_r(t, tm) : localtime_r(t, tm);
+}
+
+static uint32_t sysconf_clock_ticks_cached(void) {
+        static thread_local uint32_t hz = 0;
+        long r;
+
+        if (hz == 0) {
+                r = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
+
+                assert(r > 0);
+                hz = r;
+        }
+
+        return hz;
+}
+
+uint32_t usec_to_jiffies(usec_t u) {
+        uint32_t hz = sysconf_clock_ticks_cached();
+        return DIV_ROUND_UP(u, USEC_PER_SEC / hz);
+}
+
+usec_t jiffies_to_usec(uint32_t j) {
+        uint32_t hz = sysconf_clock_ticks_cached();
+        return DIV_ROUND_UP(j * USEC_PER_SEC, hz);
+}
+
+usec_t usec_shift_clock(usec_t x, clockid_t from, clockid_t to) {
+        usec_t a, b;
+
+        if (x == USEC_INFINITY)
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+        if (map_clock_id(from) == map_clock_id(to))
+                return x;
+
+        a = now(from);
+        b = now(to);
+
+        if (x > a)
+                /* x lies in the future */
+                return usec_add(b, usec_sub_unsigned(x, a));
+        else
+                /* x lies in the past */
+                return usec_sub_unsigned(b, usec_sub_unsigned(a, x));
+}
+
+bool in_utc_timezone(void) {
+        tzset();
+
+        return timezone == 0 && daylight == 0;
+}
+
+int time_change_fd(void) {
+
+        /* We only care for the cancellation event, hence we set the timeout to the latest possible value. */
+        static const struct itimerspec its = {
+                .it_value.tv_sec = TIME_T_MAX,
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(time_t) == sizeof(TIME_T_MAX));
+
+        /* Uses TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET to get notifications whenever CLOCK_REALTIME makes a jump relative to
+         * CLOCK_MONOTONIC. */
+
+        fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, TFD_NONBLOCK|TFD_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (timerfd_settime(fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME|TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET, &its, NULL) >= 0)
+                return TAKE_FD(fd);
+
+        /* So apparently there are systems where time_t is 64bit, but the kernel actually doesn't support
+         * 64bit time_t. In that case configuring a timer to TIME_T_MAX will fail with EOPNOTSUPP or a
+         * similar error. If that's the case let's try with INT32_MAX instead, maybe that works. It's a bit
+         * of a black magic thing though, but what can we do?
+         *
+         * We don't want this code on x86-64, hence let's conditionalize this for systems with 64bit time_t
+         * but where "long" is shorter than 64bit, i.e. 32bit archs.
+         *
+         * See: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/14362 */
+
+#if SIZEOF_TIME_T == 8 && ULONG_MAX < UINT64_MAX
+        if (ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno) || errno == EOVERFLOW) {
+                static const struct itimerspec its32 = {
+                        .it_value.tv_sec = INT32_MAX,
+                };
+
+                if (timerfd_settime(fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME|TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET, &its32, NULL) >= 0)
+                        return TAKE_FD(fd);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return -errno;
+}
+
+static const char* const timestamp_style_table[_TIMESTAMP_STYLE_MAX] = {
+        [TIMESTAMP_PRETTY] = "pretty",
+        [TIMESTAMP_US] = "us",
+        [TIMESTAMP_UTC] = "utc",
+        [TIMESTAMP_US_UTC] = "us+utc",
+        [TIMESTAMP_UNIX] = "unix",
+};
+
+/* Use the macro for enum → string to allow for aliases */
+_DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(timestamp_style, TimestampStyle,);
+
+/* For the string → enum mapping we use the generic implementation, but also support two aliases */
+TimestampStyle timestamp_style_from_string(const char *s) {
+        TimestampStyle t;
+
+        t = (TimestampStyle) string_table_lookup(timestamp_style_table, ELEMENTSOF(timestamp_style_table), s);
+        if (t >= 0)
+                return t;
+        if (STRPTR_IN_SET(s, "µs", "μs")) /* acccept both µ symbols in unicode, i.e. micro symbol + greek small letter mu. */
+                return TIMESTAMP_US;
+        if (STRPTR_IN_SET(s, "µs+utc", "μs+utc"))
+                return TIMESTAMP_US_UTC;
+        return t;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/time-util.h b/src/basic/time-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c98f95a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/time-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+typedef uint64_t usec_t;
+typedef uint64_t nsec_t;
+
+#define PRI_NSEC PRIu64
+#define PRI_USEC PRIu64
+#define NSEC_FMT "%" PRI_NSEC
+#define USEC_FMT "%" PRI_USEC
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef struct dual_timestamp {
+        usec_t realtime;
+        usec_t monotonic;
+} dual_timestamp;
+
+typedef struct triple_timestamp {
+        usec_t realtime;
+        usec_t monotonic;
+        usec_t boottime;
+} triple_timestamp;
+
+typedef enum TimestampStyle {
+        TIMESTAMP_PRETTY,
+        TIMESTAMP_US,
+        TIMESTAMP_UTC,
+        TIMESTAMP_US_UTC,
+        TIMESTAMP_UNIX,
+        _TIMESTAMP_STYLE_MAX,
+        _TIMESTAMP_STYLE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} TimestampStyle;
+
+#define USEC_INFINITY ((usec_t) UINT64_MAX)
+#define NSEC_INFINITY ((nsec_t) UINT64_MAX)
+
+#define MSEC_PER_SEC  1000ULL
+#define USEC_PER_SEC  ((usec_t) 1000000ULL)
+#define USEC_PER_MSEC ((usec_t) 1000ULL)
+#define NSEC_PER_SEC  ((nsec_t) 1000000000ULL)
+#define NSEC_PER_MSEC ((nsec_t) 1000000ULL)
+#define NSEC_PER_USEC ((nsec_t) 1000ULL)
+
+#define USEC_PER_MINUTE ((usec_t) (60ULL*USEC_PER_SEC))
+#define NSEC_PER_MINUTE ((nsec_t) (60ULL*NSEC_PER_SEC))
+#define USEC_PER_HOUR ((usec_t) (60ULL*USEC_PER_MINUTE))
+#define NSEC_PER_HOUR ((nsec_t) (60ULL*NSEC_PER_MINUTE))
+#define USEC_PER_DAY ((usec_t) (24ULL*USEC_PER_HOUR))
+#define NSEC_PER_DAY ((nsec_t) (24ULL*NSEC_PER_HOUR))
+#define USEC_PER_WEEK ((usec_t) (7ULL*USEC_PER_DAY))
+#define NSEC_PER_WEEK ((nsec_t) (7ULL*NSEC_PER_DAY))
+#define USEC_PER_MONTH ((usec_t) (2629800ULL*USEC_PER_SEC))
+#define NSEC_PER_MONTH ((nsec_t) (2629800ULL*NSEC_PER_SEC))
+#define USEC_PER_YEAR ((usec_t) (31557600ULL*USEC_PER_SEC))
+#define NSEC_PER_YEAR ((nsec_t) (31557600ULL*NSEC_PER_SEC))
+
+/* We assume a maximum timezone length of 6. TZNAME_MAX is not defined on Linux, but glibc internally initializes this
+ * to 6. Let's rely on that. */
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX (3U+1U+10U+1U+8U+1U+6U+1U+6U+1U)
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_WIDTH 28U /* when outputting, assume this width */
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX 256U
+#define FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX 64U
+
+#define TIME_T_MAX (time_t)((UINTMAX_C(1) << ((sizeof(time_t) << 3) - 1)) - 1)
+
+#define DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL ((struct dual_timestamp) {})
+#define TRIPLE_TIMESTAMP_NULL ((struct triple_timestamp) {})
+
+usec_t now(clockid_t clock);
+nsec_t now_nsec(clockid_t clock);
+
+usec_t map_clock_usec(usec_t from, clockid_t from_clock, clockid_t to_clock);
+
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts);
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u);
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u);
+dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_boottime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u);
+
+triple_timestamp* triple_timestamp_get(triple_timestamp *ts);
+triple_timestamp* triple_timestamp_from_realtime(triple_timestamp *ts, usec_t u);
+
+#define DUAL_TIMESTAMP_HAS_CLOCK(clock)                               \
+        IN_SET(clock, CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+
+#define TRIPLE_TIMESTAMP_HAS_CLOCK(clock)                               \
+        IN_SET(clock, CLOCK_REALTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM)
+
+static inline bool timestamp_is_set(usec_t timestamp) {
+        return timestamp > 0 && timestamp != USEC_INFINITY;
+}
+
+static inline bool dual_timestamp_is_set(const dual_timestamp *ts) {
+        return timestamp_is_set(ts->realtime) ||
+               timestamp_is_set(ts->monotonic);
+}
+
+static inline bool triple_timestamp_is_set(const triple_timestamp *ts) {
+        return timestamp_is_set(ts->realtime) ||
+               timestamp_is_set(ts->monotonic) ||
+               timestamp_is_set(ts->boottime);
+}
+
+usec_t triple_timestamp_by_clock(triple_timestamp *ts, clockid_t clock);
+
+usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) _pure_;
+nsec_t timespec_load_nsec(const struct timespec *ts) _pure_;
+struct timespec* timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u);
+struct timespec* timespec_store_nsec(struct timespec *ts, nsec_t n);
+
+#define TIMESPEC_STORE(u) timespec_store(&(struct timespec) {}, (u))
+
+usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) _pure_;
+struct timeval* timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u);
+
+#define TIMEVAL_STORE(u) timeval_store(&(struct timeval) {}, (u))
+
+char* format_timestamp_style(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t, TimestampStyle style) _warn_unused_result_;
+char* format_timestamp_relative(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) _warn_unused_result_;
+char* format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t, usec_t accuracy) _warn_unused_result_;
+
+_warn_unused_result_
+static inline char* format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
+        return format_timestamp_style(buf, l, t, TIMESTAMP_PRETTY);
+}
+
+/* Note: the lifetime of the compound literal is the immediately surrounding block,
+ * see C11 §6.5.2.5, and
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34880638/compound-literal-lifetime-and-if-blocks */
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(t) format_timestamp((char[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX]){}, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX, t)
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE(t)                                    \
+        format_timestamp_relative((char[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX]){}, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX, t)
+#define FORMAT_TIMESPAN(t, accuracy) format_timespan((char[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX]){}, FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX, t, accuracy)
+#define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_STYLE(t, style) \
+        format_timestamp_style((char[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX]){}, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX, t, style)
+
+int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
+
+int parse_sec(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
+int parse_sec_fix_0(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
+int parse_sec_def_infinity(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
+int parse_time(const char *t, usec_t *usec, usec_t default_unit);
+int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec);
+
+int get_timezones(char ***l);
+int verify_timezone(const char *name, int log_level);
+static inline bool timezone_is_valid(const char *name, int log_level) {
+        return verify_timezone(name, log_level) >= 0;
+}
+
+bool clock_supported(clockid_t clock);
+
+usec_t usec_shift_clock(usec_t, clockid_t from, clockid_t to);
+
+int get_timezone(char **timezone);
+
+time_t mktime_or_timegm(struct tm *tm, bool utc);
+struct tm *localtime_or_gmtime_r(const time_t *t, struct tm *tm, bool utc);
+
+uint32_t usec_to_jiffies(usec_t usec);
+usec_t jiffies_to_usec(uint32_t jiffies);
+
+bool in_utc_timezone(void);
+
+static inline usec_t usec_add(usec_t a, usec_t b) {
+        /* Adds two time values, and makes sure USEC_INFINITY as input results as USEC_INFINITY in output,
+         * and doesn't overflow. */
+
+        if (a > USEC_INFINITY - b) /* overflow check */
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        return a + b;
+}
+
+static inline usec_t usec_sub_unsigned(usec_t timestamp, usec_t delta) {
+        if (timestamp == USEC_INFINITY) /* Make sure infinity doesn't degrade */
+                return USEC_INFINITY;
+        if (timestamp < delta)
+                return 0;
+
+        return timestamp - delta;
+}
+
+static inline usec_t usec_sub_signed(usec_t timestamp, int64_t delta) {
+        if (delta == INT64_MIN) { /* prevent overflow */
+                assert_cc(-(INT64_MIN + 1) == INT64_MAX);
+                assert_cc(USEC_INFINITY > INT64_MAX);
+                return usec_add(timestamp, (usec_t) INT64_MAX + 1);
+        }
+        if (delta < 0)
+                return usec_add(timestamp, (usec_t) (-delta));
+
+        return usec_sub_unsigned(timestamp, (usec_t) delta);
+}
+
+#if SIZEOF_TIME_T == 8
+  /* The last second we can format is 31. Dec 9999, 1s before midnight, because otherwise we'd enter 5 digit
+   * year territory. However, since we want to stay away from this in all timezones we take one day off. */
+#  define USEC_TIMESTAMP_FORMATTABLE_MAX ((usec_t) 253402214399000000)
+#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == 4
+/* With a 32bit time_t we can't go beyond 2038... */
+#  define USEC_TIMESTAMP_FORMATTABLE_MAX ((usec_t) 2147483647000000)
+#else
+#  error "Yuck, time_t is neither 4 nor 8 bytes wide?"
+#endif
+
+int time_change_fd(void);
+
+const char* timestamp_style_to_string(TimestampStyle t) _const_;
+TimestampStyle timestamp_style_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/tmpfile-util.c b/src/basic/tmpfile-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d3016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/tmpfile-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "memfd-util.h"
+#include "missing_fcntl.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "tmpfile-util.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **ret_f, char **ret_temp_path) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        if (path) {
+                r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, NULL, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else {
+                const char *d;
+
+                r = tmp_dir(&d);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                t = path_join(d, "XXXXXX");
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(t);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* This assumes that returned FILE object is short-lived and used within the same single-threaded
+         * context and never shared externally, hence locking is not necessary. */
+
+        r = take_fdopen_unlocked(&fd, "w", &f);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) unlink(t);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (ret_f)
+                *ret_f = TAKE_PTR(f);
+
+        if (ret_temp_path)
+                *ret_temp_path = TAKE_PTR(t);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* This is much like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
+int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern) {
+        assert(pattern);
+        BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0077);
+        return RET_NERRNO(mkostemp(pattern, O_CLOEXEC));
+}
+
+int fmkostemp_safe(char *pattern, const char *mode, FILE **ret_f) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        FILE *f;
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(pattern);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        f = take_fdopen(&fd, mode);
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret_f = f;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int tempfn_build(const char *p, const char *pre, const char *post, bool child, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *d = NULL, *fn = NULL, *nf = NULL, *result = NULL;
+        size_t len_pre, len_post, len_add;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /*
+         * Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         *
+         * Into this :
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo/.#<pre><post> (child == true)
+         *         /foo/bar/.#<pre>waldo<post> (child == false)
+         */
+
+        if (pre && strchr(pre, '/'))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (post && strchr(post, '/'))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        len_pre = strlen_ptr(pre);
+        len_post = strlen_ptr(post);
+        /* NAME_MAX is counted *without* the trailing NUL byte. */
+        if (len_pre > NAME_MAX - STRLEN(".#") ||
+            len_post > NAME_MAX - STRLEN(".#") - len_pre)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        len_add = len_pre + len_post + STRLEN(".#");
+
+        if (child) {
+                d = strdup(p);
+                if (!d)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                r = path_extract_directory(p, &d);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -EDESTADDRREQ) /* EDESTADDRREQ → No directory specified, just a filename */
+                        return r;
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(p, &fn);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (strlen(fn) > NAME_MAX - len_add)
+                        /* We cannot simply prepend and append strings to the filename. Let's truncate the filename. */
+                        fn[NAME_MAX - len_add] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        nf = strjoin(".#", strempty(pre), strempty(fn), strempty(post));
+        if (!nf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (d) {
+                if (!path_extend(&d, nf))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                result = path_simplify(TAKE_PTR(d));
+        } else
+                result = TAKE_PTR(nf);
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(result)) /* New path is not valid? (Maybe because too long?) Refuse. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(result);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        /*
+         * Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         *
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldoXXXXXX
+         */
+
+        return tempfn_build(p, extra, "XXXXXX", /* child = */ false, ret);
+}
+
+int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /*
+         * Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         *
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldobaa2a261115984a9
+         */
+
+        if (asprintf(&s, "%016" PRIx64, random_u64()) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return tempfn_build(p, extra, s, /* child = */ false, ret);
+}
+
+int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo/.#<extra>3c2b6219aa75d7d0
+         */
+
+        if (!p) {
+                r = tmp_dir(&p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (asprintf(&s, "%016" PRIx64, random_u64()) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return tempfn_build(p, extra, s, /* child = */ true, ret);
+}
+
+int open_tmpfile_unlinkable(const char *directory, int flags) {
+        char *p;
+        int fd, r;
+
+        if (!directory) {
+                r = tmp_dir(&directory);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (isempty(directory))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Returns an unlinked temporary file that cannot be linked into the file system anymore */
+
+        /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
+        fd = open(directory, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
+        p = strjoina(directory, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(p);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        (void) unlink(p);
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int open_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *tmp = NULL;
+        int r, fd;
+
+        assert(target);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        /* Don't allow O_EXCL, as that has a special meaning for O_TMPFILE */
+        assert((flags & O_EXCL) == 0);
+
+        /* Creates a temporary file, that shall be renamed to "target" later. If possible, this uses O_TMPFILE – in
+         * which case "ret_path" will be returned as NULL. If not possible the temporary path name used is returned in
+         * "ret_path". Use link_tmpfile() below to rename the result after writing the file in full. */
+
+        fd = open_parent(target, O_TMPFILE|flags, 0640);
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                *ret_path = NULL;
+                return fd;
+        }
+
+        log_debug_errno(fd, "Failed to use O_TMPFILE for %s: %m", target);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(target, NULL, &tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY|flags, 0640);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(tmp);
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int fopen_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(target);
+        assert(ret_file);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        fd = open_tmpfile_linkable(target, flags, &path);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        f = take_fdopen(&fd, "w");
+        if (!f)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret_path = TAKE_PTR(path);
+        *ret_file = TAKE_PTR(f);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int link_tmpfile(int fd, const char *path, const char *target) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(target);
+
+        /* Moves a temporary file created with open_tmpfile() above into its final place. if "path" is NULL an fd
+         * created with O_TMPFILE is assumed, and linkat() is used. Otherwise it is assumed O_TMPFILE is not supported
+         * on the directory, and renameat2() is used instead.
+         *
+         * Note that in both cases we will not replace existing files. This is because linkat() does not support this
+         * operation currently (renameat2() does), and there is no nice way to emulate this. */
+
+        if (path)
+                return rename_noreplace(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_FDCWD, target);
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(linkat(AT_FDCWD, FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), AT_FDCWD, target, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW));
+}
+
+int flink_tmpfile(FILE *f, const char *path, const char *target) {
+        int fd, r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(target);
+
+        fd = fileno(f);
+        if (fd < 0) /* Not all FILE* objects encapsulate fds */
+                return -EBADF;
+
+        r = fflush_sync_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return link_tmpfile(fd, path, target);
+}
+
+int mkdtemp_malloc(const char *template, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (template)
+                p = strdup(template);
+        else {
+                const char *tmp;
+
+                r = tmp_dir(&tmp);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                p = path_join(tmp, "XXXXXX");
+        }
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!mkdtemp(p))
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(p);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/tmpfile-util.h b/src/basic/tmpfile-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..610cbaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/tmpfile-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);
+int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern);
+int fmkostemp_safe(char *pattern, const char *mode, FILE**_f);
+
+int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
+int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
+int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
+
+int open_tmpfile_unlinkable(const char *directory, int flags);
+int open_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path);
+int fopen_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path, FILE **ret_file);
+
+int link_tmpfile(int fd, const char *path, const char *target);
+int flink_tmpfile(FILE *f, const char *path, const char *target);
+
+int mkdtemp_malloc(const char *template, char **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/uid-range.c b/src/basic/uid-range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8463599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/uid-range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "sort-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "uid-range.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+
+UidRange *uid_range_free(UidRange *range) {
+        if (!range)
+                return NULL;
+
+        free(range->entries);
+        return mfree(range);
+}
+
+static bool uid_range_entry_intersect(const UidRangeEntry *a, const UidRangeEntry *b) {
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        return a->start <= b->start + b->nr && a->start + a->nr >= b->start;
+}
+
+static int uid_range_entry_compare(const UidRangeEntry *a, const UidRangeEntry *b) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        r = CMP(a->start, b->start);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return CMP(a->nr, b->nr);
+}
+
+static void uid_range_coalesce(UidRange *range) {
+        assert(range);
+
+        if (range->n_entries <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        typesafe_qsort(range->entries, range->n_entries, uid_range_entry_compare);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < range->n_entries; i++) {
+                UidRangeEntry *x = range->entries + i;
+
+                for (size_t j = i + 1; j < range->n_entries; j++) {
+                        UidRangeEntry *y = range->entries + j;
+                        uid_t begin, end;
+
+                        if (!uid_range_entry_intersect(x, y))
+                                break;
+
+                        begin = MIN(x->start, y->start);
+                        end = MAX(x->start + x->nr, y->start + y->nr);
+
+                        x->start = begin;
+                        x->nr = end - begin;
+
+                        if (range->n_entries > j + 1)
+                                memmove(y, y + 1, sizeof(UidRangeEntry) * (range->n_entries - j - 1));
+
+                        range->n_entries--;
+                        j--;
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+int uid_range_add_internal(UidRange **range, uid_t start, uid_t nr, bool coalesce) {
+        _cleanup_(uid_range_freep) UidRange *range_new = NULL;
+        UidRange *p;
+
+        assert(range);
+
+        if (nr <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (start > UINT32_MAX - nr) /* overflow check */
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (*range)
+                p = *range;
+        else {
+                range_new = new0(UidRange, 1);
+                if (!range_new)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                p = range_new;
+        }
+
+        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(p->entries, p->n_entries + 1))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        p->entries[p->n_entries++] = (UidRangeEntry) {
+                .start = start,
+                .nr = nr,
+        };
+
+        if (coalesce)
+                uid_range_coalesce(p);
+
+        TAKE_PTR(range_new);
+        *range = p;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int uid_range_add_str(UidRange **range, const char *s) {
+        uid_t start, end;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(range);
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = parse_uid_range(s, &start, &end);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return uid_range_add_internal(range, start, end - start + 1, /* coalesce = */ true);
+}
+
+int uid_range_next_lower(const UidRange *range, uid_t *uid) {
+        uid_t closest = UID_INVALID, candidate;
+
+        assert(range);
+        assert(uid);
+
+        if (*uid == 0)
+                return -EBUSY;
+
+        candidate = *uid - 1;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < range->n_entries; i++) {
+                uid_t begin, end;
+
+                begin = range->entries[i].start;
+                end = range->entries[i].start + range->entries[i].nr - 1;
+
+                if (candidate >= begin && candidate <= end) {
+                        *uid = candidate;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                if (end < candidate)
+                        closest = end;
+        }
+
+        if (closest == UID_INVALID)
+                return -EBUSY;
+
+        *uid = closest;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+bool uid_range_covers(const UidRange *range, uid_t start, uid_t nr) {
+        if (nr == 0) /* empty range? always covered... */
+                return true;
+
+        if (start > UINT32_MAX - nr) /* range overflows? definitely not covered... */
+                return false;
+
+        if (!range)
+                return false;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < range->n_entries; i++)
+                if (start >= range->entries[i].start &&
+                    start + nr <= range->entries[i].start + range->entries[i].nr)
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int uid_range_load_userns(UidRange **ret, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_(uid_range_freep) UidRange *range = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If 'path' is NULL loads the UID range of the userns namespace we run. Otherwise load the data from
+         * the specified file (which can be either uid_map or gid_map, in case caller needs to deal with GID
+         * maps).
+         *
+         * To simplify things this will modify the passed array in case of later failure. */
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!path)
+                path = "/proc/self/uid_map";
+
+        f = fopen(path, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                r = -errno;
+
+                if (r == -ENOENT && path_startswith(path, "/proc/"))
+                        return proc_mounted() > 0 ? -EOPNOTSUPP : -ENOSYS;
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        range = new0(UidRange, 1);
+        if (!range)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                uid_t uid_base, uid_shift, uid_range;
+                int k;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                k = fscanf(f, UID_FMT " " UID_FMT " " UID_FMT "\n", &uid_base, &uid_shift, &uid_range);
+                if (k == EOF) {
+                        if (ferror(f))
+                                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+                        break;
+                }
+                if (k != 3)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                r = uid_range_add_internal(&range, uid_base, uid_range, /* coalesce = */ false);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        uid_range_coalesce(range);
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(range);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/uid-range.h b/src/basic/uid-range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..461a511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/uid-range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef struct UidRangeEntry {
+        uid_t start, nr;
+} UidRangeEntry;
+
+typedef struct UidRange {
+        UidRangeEntry *entries;
+        size_t n_entries;
+} UidRange;
+
+UidRange *uid_range_free(UidRange *range);
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(UidRange*, uid_range_free);
+
+int uid_range_add_internal(UidRange **range, uid_t start, uid_t nr, bool coalesce);
+static inline int uid_range_add(UidRange **range, uid_t start, uid_t nr) {
+        return uid_range_add_internal(range, start, nr, true);
+}
+int uid_range_add_str(UidRange **range, const char *s);
+
+int uid_range_next_lower(const UidRange *range, uid_t *uid);
+
+bool uid_range_covers(const UidRange *range, uid_t start, uid_t nr);
+static inline bool uid_range_contains(const UidRange *range, uid_t uid) {
+        return uid_range_covers(range, uid, 1);
+}
+
+int uid_range_load_userns(UidRange **ret, const char *path);
diff --git a/src/basic/umask-util.h b/src/basic/umask-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90d18f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/umask-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static inline void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
+        umask(*u & 0777);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
+
+/* We make use of the fact here that the umask() concept is using only the lower 9 bits of mode_t, although
+ * mode_t has space for the file type in the bits further up. We simply OR in the file type mask S_IFMT to
+ * distinguish the first and the second iteration of the RUN_WITH_UMASK() loop, so that we can run the first
+ * one, and exit on the second. */
+
+assert_cc((S_IFMT & 0777) == 0);
+
+#define RUN_WITH_UMASK(mask)                                            \
+        for (_cleanup_umask_ mode_t _saved_umask_ = umask(mask) | S_IFMT; \
+             FLAGS_SET(_saved_umask_, S_IFMT);                          \
+             _saved_umask_ &= 0777)
+
+#define BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(mask) \
+        _unused_ _cleanup_umask_ mode_t _saved_umask_ = umask(mask);
diff --git a/src/basic/unaligned.h b/src/basic/unaligned.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4100be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unaligned.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* BE */
+
+static inline uint16_t unaligned_read_be16(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint16_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return be16toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t unaligned_read_be32(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint32_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return be32toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t unaligned_read_be64(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint64_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return be64toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_be16(void *_u, uint16_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint16_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = be16toh(a);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_be32(void *_u, uint32_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint32_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = be32toh(a);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_be64(void *_u, uint64_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint64_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = be64toh(a);
+}
+
+/* LE */
+
+static inline uint16_t unaligned_read_le16(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint16_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return le16toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t unaligned_read_le32(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint32_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return le32toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t unaligned_read_le64(const void *_u) {
+        const struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint64_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        return le64toh(u->x);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_le16(void *_u, uint16_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint16_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = le16toh(a);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_le32(void *_u, uint32_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint32_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = le32toh(a);
+}
+
+static inline void unaligned_write_le64(void *_u, uint64_t a) {
+        struct __attribute__((__packed__, __may_alias__)) { uint64_t x; } *u = _u;
+
+        u->x = le64toh(a);
+}
+
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+#define unaligned_read_ne16 unaligned_read_be16
+#define unaligned_read_ne32 unaligned_read_be32
+#define unaligned_read_ne64 unaligned_read_be64
+
+#define unaligned_write_ne16 unaligned_write_be16
+#define unaligned_write_ne32 unaligned_write_be32
+#define unaligned_write_ne64 unaligned_write_be64
+#else
+#define unaligned_read_ne16 unaligned_read_le16
+#define unaligned_read_ne32 unaligned_read_le32
+#define unaligned_read_ne64 unaligned_read_le64
+
+#define unaligned_write_ne16 unaligned_write_le16
+#define unaligned_write_ne32 unaligned_write_le32
+#define unaligned_write_ne64 unaligned_write_le64
+#endif
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-def.c b/src/basic/unit-def.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94cd603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-def.c
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-label.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "unit-def.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+char *unit_dbus_path_from_name(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        e = bus_label_escape(name);
+        if (!e)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return strjoin("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit/", e);
+}
+
+int unit_name_from_dbus_path(const char *path, char **name) {
+        const char *e;
+        char *n;
+
+        e = startswith(path, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit/");
+        if (!e)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        n = bus_label_unescape(e);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *name = n;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+const char* unit_dbus_interface_from_type(UnitType t) {
+
+        static const char *const table[_UNIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
+                [UNIT_SERVICE]   = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Service",
+                [UNIT_SOCKET]    = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Socket",
+                [UNIT_TARGET]    = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Target",
+                [UNIT_DEVICE]    = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Device",
+                [UNIT_MOUNT]     = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Mount",
+                [UNIT_AUTOMOUNT] = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Automount",
+                [UNIT_SWAP]      = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Swap",
+                [UNIT_TIMER]     = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Timer",
+                [UNIT_PATH]      = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Path",
+                [UNIT_SLICE]     = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Slice",
+                [UNIT_SCOPE]     = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
+        };
+
+        if (t < 0)
+                return NULL;
+        if (t >= _UNIT_TYPE_MAX)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return table[t];
+}
+
+const char *unit_dbus_interface_from_name(const char *name) {
+        UnitType t;
+
+        t = unit_name_to_type(name);
+        if (t < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return unit_dbus_interface_from_type(t);
+}
+
+static const char* const unit_type_table[_UNIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_SERVICE]   = "service",
+        [UNIT_SOCKET]    = "socket",
+        [UNIT_TARGET]    = "target",
+        [UNIT_DEVICE]    = "device",
+        [UNIT_MOUNT]     = "mount",
+        [UNIT_AUTOMOUNT] = "automount",
+        [UNIT_SWAP]      = "swap",
+        [UNIT_TIMER]     = "timer",
+        [UNIT_PATH]      = "path",
+        [UNIT_SLICE]     = "slice",
+        [UNIT_SCOPE]     = "scope",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_type, UnitType);
+
+static const char* const unit_load_state_table[_UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_STUB]        = "stub",
+        [UNIT_LOADED]      = "loaded",
+        [UNIT_NOT_FOUND]   = "not-found",
+        [UNIT_BAD_SETTING] = "bad-setting",
+        [UNIT_ERROR]       = "error",
+        [UNIT_MERGED]      = "merged",
+        [UNIT_MASKED]      = "masked"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_load_state, UnitLoadState);
+
+static const char* const unit_active_state_table[_UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_ACTIVE]       = "active",
+        [UNIT_RELOADING]    = "reloading",
+        [UNIT_INACTIVE]     = "inactive",
+        [UNIT_FAILED]       = "failed",
+        [UNIT_ACTIVATING]   = "activating",
+        [UNIT_DEACTIVATING] = "deactivating",
+        [UNIT_MAINTENANCE]  = "maintenance",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_active_state, UnitActiveState);
+
+static const char* const freezer_state_table[_FREEZER_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [FREEZER_RUNNING]  = "running",
+        [FREEZER_FREEZING] = "freezing",
+        [FREEZER_FROZEN]   = "frozen",
+        [FREEZER_THAWING]  = "thawing",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(freezer_state, FreezerState);
+
+static const char* const unit_marker_table[_UNIT_MARKER_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_MARKER_NEEDS_RELOAD]  = "needs-reload",
+        [UNIT_MARKER_NEEDS_RESTART] = "needs-restart",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_marker, UnitMarker);
+
+static const char* const automount_state_table[_AUTOMOUNT_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [AUTOMOUNT_DEAD]    = "dead",
+        [AUTOMOUNT_WAITING] = "waiting",
+        [AUTOMOUNT_RUNNING] = "running",
+        [AUTOMOUNT_FAILED]  = "failed"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(automount_state, AutomountState);
+
+static const char* const device_state_table[_DEVICE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [DEVICE_DEAD]      = "dead",
+        [DEVICE_TENTATIVE] = "tentative",
+        [DEVICE_PLUGGED]   = "plugged",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(device_state, DeviceState);
+
+static const char* const mount_state_table[_MOUNT_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [MOUNT_DEAD]               = "dead",
+        [MOUNT_MOUNTING]           = "mounting",
+        [MOUNT_MOUNTING_DONE]      = "mounting-done",
+        [MOUNT_MOUNTED]            = "mounted",
+        [MOUNT_REMOUNTING]         = "remounting",
+        [MOUNT_UNMOUNTING]         = "unmounting",
+        [MOUNT_REMOUNTING_SIGTERM] = "remounting-sigterm",
+        [MOUNT_REMOUNTING_SIGKILL] = "remounting-sigkill",
+        [MOUNT_UNMOUNTING_SIGTERM] = "unmounting-sigterm",
+        [MOUNT_UNMOUNTING_SIGKILL] = "unmounting-sigkill",
+        [MOUNT_FAILED]             = "failed",
+        [MOUNT_CLEANING]           = "cleaning",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(mount_state, MountState);
+
+static const char* const path_state_table[_PATH_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [PATH_DEAD]    = "dead",
+        [PATH_WAITING] = "waiting",
+        [PATH_RUNNING] = "running",
+        [PATH_FAILED]  = "failed"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(path_state, PathState);
+
+static const char* const scope_state_table[_SCOPE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [SCOPE_DEAD]         = "dead",
+        [SCOPE_START_CHOWN]  = "start-chown",
+        [SCOPE_RUNNING]      = "running",
+        [SCOPE_ABANDONED]    = "abandoned",
+        [SCOPE_STOP_SIGTERM] = "stop-sigterm",
+        [SCOPE_STOP_SIGKILL] = "stop-sigkill",
+        [SCOPE_FAILED]       = "failed",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(scope_state, ScopeState);
+
+static const char* const service_state_table[_SERVICE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [SERVICE_DEAD]           = "dead",
+        [SERVICE_CONDITION]      = "condition",
+        [SERVICE_START_PRE]      = "start-pre",
+        [SERVICE_START]          = "start",
+        [SERVICE_START_POST]     = "start-post",
+        [SERVICE_RUNNING]        = "running",
+        [SERVICE_EXITED]         = "exited",
+        [SERVICE_RELOAD]         = "reload",
+        [SERVICE_STOP]           = "stop",
+        [SERVICE_STOP_WATCHDOG]  = "stop-watchdog",
+        [SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM]   = "stop-sigterm",
+        [SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL]   = "stop-sigkill",
+        [SERVICE_STOP_POST]      = "stop-post",
+        [SERVICE_FINAL_WATCHDOG] = "final-watchdog",
+        [SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM]  = "final-sigterm",
+        [SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL]  = "final-sigkill",
+        [SERVICE_FAILED]         = "failed",
+        [SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART]   = "auto-restart",
+        [SERVICE_CLEANING]       = "cleaning",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(service_state, ServiceState);
+
+static const char* const slice_state_table[_SLICE_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [SLICE_DEAD]   = "dead",
+        [SLICE_ACTIVE] = "active"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(slice_state, SliceState);
+
+static const char* const socket_state_table[_SOCKET_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [SOCKET_DEAD]             = "dead",
+        [SOCKET_START_PRE]        = "start-pre",
+        [SOCKET_START_CHOWN]      = "start-chown",
+        [SOCKET_START_POST]       = "start-post",
+        [SOCKET_LISTENING]        = "listening",
+        [SOCKET_RUNNING]          = "running",
+        [SOCKET_STOP_PRE]         = "stop-pre",
+        [SOCKET_STOP_PRE_SIGTERM] = "stop-pre-sigterm",
+        [SOCKET_STOP_PRE_SIGKILL] = "stop-pre-sigkill",
+        [SOCKET_STOP_POST]        = "stop-post",
+        [SOCKET_FINAL_SIGTERM]    = "final-sigterm",
+        [SOCKET_FINAL_SIGKILL]    = "final-sigkill",
+        [SOCKET_FAILED]           = "failed",
+        [SOCKET_CLEANING]         = "cleaning",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(socket_state, SocketState);
+
+static const char* const swap_state_table[_SWAP_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [SWAP_DEAD]                 = "dead",
+        [SWAP_ACTIVATING]           = "activating",
+        [SWAP_ACTIVATING_DONE]      = "activating-done",
+        [SWAP_ACTIVE]               = "active",
+        [SWAP_DEACTIVATING]         = "deactivating",
+        [SWAP_DEACTIVATING_SIGTERM] = "deactivating-sigterm",
+        [SWAP_DEACTIVATING_SIGKILL] = "deactivating-sigkill",
+        [SWAP_FAILED]               = "failed",
+        [SWAP_CLEANING]             = "cleaning",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(swap_state, SwapState);
+
+static const char* const target_state_table[_TARGET_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [TARGET_DEAD]   = "dead",
+        [TARGET_ACTIVE] = "active"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(target_state, TargetState);
+
+static const char* const timer_state_table[_TIMER_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [TIMER_DEAD]    = "dead",
+        [TIMER_WAITING] = "waiting",
+        [TIMER_RUNNING] = "running",
+        [TIMER_ELAPSED] = "elapsed",
+        [TIMER_FAILED]  = "failed"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(timer_state, TimerState);
+
+static const char* const unit_dependency_table[_UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX] = {
+        [UNIT_REQUIRES]               = "Requires",
+        [UNIT_REQUISITE]              = "Requisite",
+        [UNIT_WANTS]                  = "Wants",
+        [UNIT_BINDS_TO]               = "BindsTo",
+        [UNIT_PART_OF]                = "PartOf",
+        [UNIT_UPHOLDS]                = "Upholds",
+        [UNIT_REQUIRED_BY]            = "RequiredBy",
+        [UNIT_REQUISITE_OF]           = "RequisiteOf",
+        [UNIT_WANTED_BY]              = "WantedBy",
+        [UNIT_BOUND_BY]               = "BoundBy",
+        [UNIT_UPHELD_BY]              = "UpheldBy",
+        [UNIT_CONSISTS_OF]            = "ConsistsOf",
+        [UNIT_CONFLICTS]              = "Conflicts",
+        [UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY]          = "ConflictedBy",
+        [UNIT_BEFORE]                 = "Before",
+        [UNIT_AFTER]                  = "After",
+        [UNIT_ON_SUCCESS]             = "OnSuccess",
+        [UNIT_ON_SUCCESS_OF]          = "OnSuccessOf",
+        [UNIT_ON_FAILURE]             = "OnFailure",
+        [UNIT_ON_FAILURE_OF]          = "OnFailureOf",
+        [UNIT_TRIGGERS]               = "Triggers",
+        [UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY]           = "TriggeredBy",
+        [UNIT_PROPAGATES_RELOAD_TO]   = "PropagatesReloadTo",
+        [UNIT_RELOAD_PROPAGATED_FROM] = "ReloadPropagatedFrom",
+        [UNIT_PROPAGATES_STOP_TO]     = "PropagatesStopTo",
+        [UNIT_STOP_PROPAGATED_FROM]   = "StopPropagatedFrom",
+        [UNIT_JOINS_NAMESPACE_OF]     = "JoinsNamespaceOf",
+        [UNIT_REFERENCES]             = "References",
+        [UNIT_REFERENCED_BY]          = "ReferencedBy",
+        [UNIT_IN_SLICE]               = "InSlice",
+        [UNIT_SLICE_OF]               = "SliceOf",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_dependency, UnitDependency);
+
+static const char* const notify_access_table[_NOTIFY_ACCESS_MAX] = {
+        [NOTIFY_NONE] = "none",
+        [NOTIFY_MAIN] = "main",
+        [NOTIFY_EXEC] = "exec",
+        [NOTIFY_ALL]  = "all"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(notify_access, NotifyAccess);
+
+SpecialGlyph unit_active_state_to_glyph(UnitActiveState state) {
+        static const SpecialGlyph map[_UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX] = {
+                [UNIT_ACTIVE]       = SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE,
+                [UNIT_RELOADING]    = SPECIAL_GLYPH_CIRCLE_ARROW,
+                [UNIT_INACTIVE]     = SPECIAL_GLYPH_WHITE_CIRCLE,
+                [UNIT_FAILED]       = SPECIAL_GLYPH_MULTIPLICATION_SIGN,
+                [UNIT_ACTIVATING]   = SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE,
+                [UNIT_DEACTIVATING] = SPECIAL_GLYPH_BLACK_CIRCLE,
+                [UNIT_MAINTENANCE]  = SPECIAL_GLYPH_WHITE_CIRCLE,
+        };
+
+        if (state < 0)
+                return _SPECIAL_GLYPH_INVALID;
+
+        assert(state < _UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX);
+        return map[state];
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-def.h b/src/basic/unit-def.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fcd51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "glyph-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/* The enum order is used to order unit jobs in the job queue
+ * when other criteria (cpu weight, nice level) are identical.
+ * In this case service units have the highest priority. */
+typedef enum UnitType {
+        UNIT_SERVICE,
+        UNIT_MOUNT,
+        UNIT_SWAP,
+        UNIT_SOCKET,
+        UNIT_TARGET,
+        UNIT_DEVICE,
+        UNIT_AUTOMOUNT,
+        UNIT_TIMER,
+        UNIT_PATH,
+        UNIT_SLICE,
+        UNIT_SCOPE,
+        _UNIT_TYPE_MAX,
+        _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+        _UNIT_TYPE_ERRNO_MAX = -ERRNO_MAX, /* Ensure the whole errno range fits into this enum */
+} UnitType;
+
+typedef enum UnitLoadState {
+        UNIT_STUB,
+        UNIT_LOADED,
+        UNIT_NOT_FOUND,    /* error condition #1: unit file not found */
+        UNIT_BAD_SETTING,  /* error condition #2: we couldn't parse some essential unit file setting */
+        UNIT_ERROR,        /* error condition #3: other "system" error, catchall for the rest */
+        UNIT_MERGED,
+        UNIT_MASKED,
+        _UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX,
+        _UNIT_LOAD_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} UnitLoadState;
+
+typedef enum UnitActiveState {
+        UNIT_ACTIVE,
+        UNIT_RELOADING,
+        UNIT_INACTIVE,
+        UNIT_FAILED,
+        UNIT_ACTIVATING,
+        UNIT_DEACTIVATING,
+        UNIT_MAINTENANCE,
+        _UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX,
+        _UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} UnitActiveState;
+
+typedef enum FreezerState {
+        FREEZER_RUNNING,
+        FREEZER_FREEZING,
+        FREEZER_FROZEN,
+        FREEZER_THAWING,
+        _FREEZER_STATE_MAX,
+        _FREEZER_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} FreezerState;
+
+typedef enum UnitMarker {
+        UNIT_MARKER_NEEDS_RELOAD,
+        UNIT_MARKER_NEEDS_RESTART,
+        _UNIT_MARKER_MAX,
+        _UNIT_MARKER_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} UnitMarker;
+
+typedef enum AutomountState {
+        AUTOMOUNT_DEAD,
+        AUTOMOUNT_WAITING,
+        AUTOMOUNT_RUNNING,
+        AUTOMOUNT_FAILED,
+        _AUTOMOUNT_STATE_MAX,
+        _AUTOMOUNT_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} AutomountState;
+
+/* We simply watch devices, we cannot plug/unplug them. That
+ * simplifies the state engine greatly */
+typedef enum DeviceState {
+        DEVICE_DEAD,
+        DEVICE_TENTATIVE, /* mounted or swapped, but not (yet) announced by udev */
+        DEVICE_PLUGGED,   /* announced by udev */
+        _DEVICE_STATE_MAX,
+        _DEVICE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} DeviceState;
+
+typedef enum MountState {
+        MOUNT_DEAD,
+        MOUNT_MOUNTING,               /* /usr/bin/mount is running, but the mount is not done yet. */
+        MOUNT_MOUNTING_DONE,          /* /usr/bin/mount is running, and the mount is done. */
+        MOUNT_MOUNTED,
+        MOUNT_REMOUNTING,
+        MOUNT_UNMOUNTING,
+        MOUNT_REMOUNTING_SIGTERM,
+        MOUNT_REMOUNTING_SIGKILL,
+        MOUNT_UNMOUNTING_SIGTERM,
+        MOUNT_UNMOUNTING_SIGKILL,
+        MOUNT_FAILED,
+        MOUNT_CLEANING,
+        _MOUNT_STATE_MAX,
+        _MOUNT_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} MountState;
+
+typedef enum PathState {
+        PATH_DEAD,
+        PATH_WAITING,
+        PATH_RUNNING,
+        PATH_FAILED,
+        _PATH_STATE_MAX,
+        _PATH_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} PathState;
+
+typedef enum ScopeState {
+        SCOPE_DEAD,
+        SCOPE_START_CHOWN,
+        SCOPE_RUNNING,
+        SCOPE_ABANDONED,
+        SCOPE_STOP_SIGTERM,
+        SCOPE_STOP_SIGKILL,
+        SCOPE_FAILED,
+        _SCOPE_STATE_MAX,
+        _SCOPE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ScopeState;
+
+typedef enum ServiceState {
+        SERVICE_DEAD,
+        SERVICE_CONDITION,
+        SERVICE_START_PRE,
+        SERVICE_START,
+        SERVICE_START_POST,
+        SERVICE_RUNNING,
+        SERVICE_EXITED,            /* Nothing is running anymore, but RemainAfterExit is true hence this is OK */
+        SERVICE_RELOAD,
+        SERVICE_STOP,              /* No STOP_PRE state, instead just register multiple STOP executables */
+        SERVICE_STOP_WATCHDOG,
+        SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM,
+        SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL,
+        SERVICE_STOP_POST,
+        SERVICE_FINAL_WATCHDOG,    /* In case the STOP_POST executable needs to be aborted. */
+        SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM,     /* In case the STOP_POST executable hangs, we shoot that down, too */
+        SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL,
+        SERVICE_FAILED,
+        SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART,
+        SERVICE_CLEANING,
+        _SERVICE_STATE_MAX,
+        _SERVICE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} ServiceState;
+
+typedef enum SliceState {
+        SLICE_DEAD,
+        SLICE_ACTIVE,
+        _SLICE_STATE_MAX,
+        _SLICE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} SliceState;
+
+typedef enum SocketState {
+        SOCKET_DEAD,
+        SOCKET_START_PRE,
+        SOCKET_START_CHOWN,
+        SOCKET_START_POST,
+        SOCKET_LISTENING,
+        SOCKET_RUNNING,
+        SOCKET_STOP_PRE,
+        SOCKET_STOP_PRE_SIGTERM,
+        SOCKET_STOP_PRE_SIGKILL,
+        SOCKET_STOP_POST,
+        SOCKET_FINAL_SIGTERM,
+        SOCKET_FINAL_SIGKILL,
+        SOCKET_FAILED,
+        SOCKET_CLEANING,
+        _SOCKET_STATE_MAX,
+        _SOCKET_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} SocketState;
+
+typedef enum SwapState {
+        SWAP_DEAD,
+        SWAP_ACTIVATING,               /* /sbin/swapon is running, but the swap not yet enabled. */
+        SWAP_ACTIVATING_DONE,          /* /sbin/swapon is running, and the swap is done. */
+        SWAP_ACTIVE,
+        SWAP_DEACTIVATING,
+        SWAP_DEACTIVATING_SIGTERM,
+        SWAP_DEACTIVATING_SIGKILL,
+        SWAP_FAILED,
+        SWAP_CLEANING,
+        _SWAP_STATE_MAX,
+        _SWAP_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} SwapState;
+
+typedef enum TargetState {
+        TARGET_DEAD,
+        TARGET_ACTIVE,
+        _TARGET_STATE_MAX,
+        _TARGET_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} TargetState;
+
+typedef enum TimerState {
+        TIMER_DEAD,
+        TIMER_WAITING,
+        TIMER_RUNNING,
+        TIMER_ELAPSED,
+        TIMER_FAILED,
+        _TIMER_STATE_MAX,
+        _TIMER_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} TimerState;
+
+typedef enum UnitDependency {
+        /* Positive dependencies */
+        UNIT_REQUIRES,
+        UNIT_REQUISITE,
+        UNIT_WANTS,
+        UNIT_BINDS_TO,
+        UNIT_PART_OF,
+        UNIT_UPHOLDS,
+
+        /* Inverse of the above */
+        UNIT_REQUIRED_BY,             /* inverse of 'requires' is 'required_by' */
+        UNIT_REQUISITE_OF,            /* inverse of 'requisite' is 'requisite_of' */
+        UNIT_WANTED_BY,               /* inverse of 'wants' */
+        UNIT_BOUND_BY,                /* inverse of 'binds_to' */
+        UNIT_CONSISTS_OF,             /* inverse of 'part_of' */
+        UNIT_UPHELD_BY,               /* inverse of 'uphold' */
+
+        /* Negative dependencies */
+        UNIT_CONFLICTS,               /* inverse of 'conflicts' is 'conflicted_by' */
+        UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY,
+
+        /* Order */
+        UNIT_BEFORE,                  /* inverse of 'before' is 'after' and vice versa */
+        UNIT_AFTER,
+
+        /* OnSuccess= + OnFailure= */
+        UNIT_ON_SUCCESS,
+        UNIT_ON_SUCCESS_OF,
+        UNIT_ON_FAILURE,
+        UNIT_ON_FAILURE_OF,
+
+        /* Triggers (i.e. a socket triggers a service) */
+        UNIT_TRIGGERS,
+        UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY,
+
+        /* Propagate reloads */
+        UNIT_PROPAGATES_RELOAD_TO,
+        UNIT_RELOAD_PROPAGATED_FROM,
+
+        /* Propagate stops */
+        UNIT_PROPAGATES_STOP_TO,
+        UNIT_STOP_PROPAGATED_FROM,
+
+        /* Joins namespace of */
+        UNIT_JOINS_NAMESPACE_OF,
+
+        /* Reference information for GC logic */
+        UNIT_REFERENCES,              /* Inverse of 'references' is 'referenced_by' */
+        UNIT_REFERENCED_BY,
+
+        /* Slice= */
+        UNIT_IN_SLICE,
+        UNIT_SLICE_OF,
+
+        _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX,
+        _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} UnitDependency;
+
+typedef enum NotifyAccess {
+        NOTIFY_NONE,
+        NOTIFY_ALL,
+        NOTIFY_MAIN,
+        NOTIFY_EXEC,
+        _NOTIFY_ACCESS_MAX,
+        _NOTIFY_ACCESS_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} NotifyAccess;
+
+char *unit_dbus_path_from_name(const char *name);
+int unit_name_from_dbus_path(const char *path, char **name);
+
+const char* unit_dbus_interface_from_type(UnitType t);
+const char *unit_dbus_interface_from_name(const char *name);
+
+const char *unit_type_to_string(UnitType i) _const_;
+UnitType unit_type_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *unit_load_state_to_string(UnitLoadState i) _const_;
+UnitLoadState unit_load_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *unit_active_state_to_string(UnitActiveState i) _const_;
+UnitActiveState unit_active_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *freezer_state_to_string(FreezerState i) _const_;
+FreezerState freezer_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *unit_marker_to_string(UnitMarker m) _const_;
+UnitMarker unit_marker_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* automount_state_to_string(AutomountState i) _const_;
+AutomountState automount_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* device_state_to_string(DeviceState i) _const_;
+DeviceState device_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* mount_state_to_string(MountState i) _const_;
+MountState mount_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* path_state_to_string(PathState i) _const_;
+PathState path_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* scope_state_to_string(ScopeState i) _const_;
+ScopeState scope_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* service_state_to_string(ServiceState i) _const_;
+ServiceState service_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* slice_state_to_string(SliceState i) _const_;
+SliceState slice_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* socket_state_to_string(SocketState i) _const_;
+SocketState socket_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* swap_state_to_string(SwapState i) _const_;
+SwapState swap_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* target_state_to_string(TargetState i) _const_;
+TargetState target_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *timer_state_to_string(TimerState i) _const_;
+TimerState timer_state_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char *unit_dependency_to_string(UnitDependency i) _const_;
+UnitDependency unit_dependency_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+const char* notify_access_to_string(NotifyAccess i) _const_;
+NotifyAccess notify_access_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+SpecialGlyph unit_active_state_to_glyph(UnitActiveState state);
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-file.c b/src/basic/unit-file.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c81c69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "unit-file.h"
+
+bool unit_type_may_alias(UnitType type) {
+        return IN_SET(type,
+                      UNIT_SERVICE,
+                      UNIT_SOCKET,
+                      UNIT_TARGET,
+                      UNIT_DEVICE,
+                      UNIT_TIMER,
+                      UNIT_PATH);
+}
+
+bool unit_type_may_template(UnitType type) {
+        return IN_SET(type,
+                      UNIT_SERVICE,
+                      UNIT_SOCKET,
+                      UNIT_TARGET,
+                      UNIT_TIMER,
+                      UNIT_PATH);
+}
+
+int unit_symlink_name_compatible(const char *symlink, const char *target, bool instance_propagation) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+        int r, un_type1, un_type2;
+
+        un_type1 = unit_name_classify(symlink);
+
+        /* The straightforward case: the symlink name matches the target and we have a valid unit */
+        if (streq(symlink, target) &&
+            (un_type1 & (UNIT_NAME_PLAIN | UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)))
+                return 1;
+
+        r = unit_name_template(symlink, &template);
+        if (r == -EINVAL)
+                return 0; /* Not a template */
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        un_type2 = unit_name_classify(target);
+
+        /* An instance name points to a target that is just the template name */
+        if (un_type1 == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE &&
+            un_type2 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE &&
+            streq(template, target))
+                return 1;
+
+        /* foo@.target.requires/bar@.service: instance will be propagated */
+        if (instance_propagation &&
+            un_type1 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE &&
+            un_type2 == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE &&
+            streq(template, target))
+                return 1;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(int log_level, const char *filename, const char *target) {
+        const char *src, *dst;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *src_instance = NULL, *dst_instance = NULL;
+        UnitType src_unit_type, dst_unit_type;
+        UnitNameFlags src_name_type, dst_name_type;
+
+        /* Check if the *alias* symlink is valid. This applies to symlinks like
+         * /etc/systemd/system/dbus.service → dbus-broker.service, but not to .wants or .requires symlinks
+         * and such. Neither does this apply to symlinks which *link* units, i.e. symlinks to outside of the
+         * unit lookup path.
+         *
+         * -EINVAL is returned if the something is wrong with the source filename or the source unit type is
+         *         not allowed to symlink,
+         * -EXDEV if the target filename is not a valid unit name or doesn't match the source,
+         * -ELOOP for an alias to self.
+         */
+
+        src = basename(filename);
+        dst = basename(target);
+
+        /* src checks */
+
+        src_name_type = unit_name_to_instance(src, &src_instance);
+        if (src_name_type < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, src_name_type,
+                                      "%s: not a valid unit name \"%s\": %m", filename, src);
+
+        src_unit_type = unit_name_to_type(src);
+        assert(src_unit_type >= 0); /* unit_name_to_instance() checked the suffix already */
+
+        if (!unit_type_may_alias(src_unit_type))
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                      "%s: symlinks are not allowed for units of this type, rejecting.",
+                                      filename);
+
+        if (src_name_type != UNIT_NAME_PLAIN &&
+            !unit_type_may_template(src_unit_type))
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL),
+                                      "%s: templates not allowed for %s units, rejecting.",
+                                      filename, unit_type_to_string(src_unit_type));
+
+        /* dst checks */
+
+        if (streq(src, dst))
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ELOOP),
+                                       "%s: unit self-alias: %s → %s, ignoring.",
+                                       filename, src, dst);
+
+        dst_name_type = unit_name_to_instance(dst, &dst_instance);
+        if (dst_name_type < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, dst_name_type == -EINVAL ? SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV) : dst_name_type,
+                                      "%s points to \"%s\" which is not a valid unit name: %m",
+                                      filename, dst);
+
+        if (!(dst_name_type == src_name_type ||
+              (src_name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE && dst_name_type == UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)))
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV),
+                                      "%s: symlink target name type \"%s\" does not match source, rejecting.",
+                                      filename, dst);
+
+        if (dst_name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) {
+                assert(src_instance);
+                assert(dst_instance);
+                if (!streq(src_instance, dst_instance))
+                        return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV),
+                                              "%s: unit symlink target \"%s\" instance name doesn't match, rejecting.",
+                                              filename, dst);
+        }
+
+        dst_unit_type = unit_name_to_type(dst);
+        if (dst_unit_type != src_unit_type)
+                return log_full_errno(log_level, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EXDEV),
+                                      "%s: symlink target \"%s\" has incompatible suffix, rejecting.",
+                                      filename, dst);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#define FOLLOW_MAX 8
+
+static int unit_ids_map_get(
+                Hashmap *unit_ids_map,
+                const char *unit_name,
+                const char **ret_fragment_path) {
+
+        /* Resolve recursively until we hit an absolute path, i.e. a non-aliased unit.
+         *
+         * We distinguish the case where unit_name was not found in the hashmap at all, and the case where
+         * some symlink was broken.
+         *
+         * If a symlink target points to an instance name, then we also check for the template. */
+
+        const char *id = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        for (unsigned n = 0; n < FOLLOW_MAX; n++) {
+                const char *t = hashmap_get(unit_ids_map, id ?: unit_name);
+                if (!t) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+
+                        if (!id)
+                                return -ENOENT;
+
+                        r = unit_name_template(id, &template);
+                        if (r == -EINVAL)
+                                return -ENXIO; /* we failed to find the symlink target */
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine template name for %s: %m", id);
+
+                        t = hashmap_get(unit_ids_map, template);
+                        if (!t)
+                                return -ENXIO;
+
+                        /* We successfully switched from instanced name to a template, let's continue */
+                }
+
+                if (path_is_absolute(t)) {
+                        if (ret_fragment_path)
+                                *ret_fragment_path = t;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                id = t;
+        }
+
+        return -ELOOP;
+}
+
+static bool lookup_paths_mtime_exclude(const LookupPaths *lp, const char *path) {
+        /* Paths that are under our exclusive control. Users shall not alter those directly. */
+
+        return streq_ptr(path, lp->generator) ||
+               streq_ptr(path, lp->generator_early) ||
+               streq_ptr(path, lp->generator_late) ||
+               streq_ptr(path, lp->transient) ||
+               streq_ptr(path, lp->persistent_control) ||
+               streq_ptr(path, lp->runtime_control);
+}
+
+#define HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(4e,86,1b,e3,39,b3,40,46,98,5d,b8,11,34,8f,c3,c1)
+
+bool lookup_paths_timestamp_hash_same(const LookupPaths *lp, uint64_t timestamp_hash, uint64_t *ret_new) {
+        struct siphash state;
+
+        siphash24_init(&state, HASH_KEY.bytes);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) {
+                struct stat st;
+
+                if (lookup_paths_mtime_exclude(lp, *dir))
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Determine the latest lookup path modification time */
+                if (stat(*dir, &st) < 0) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to stat %s, ignoring: %m", *dir);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                siphash24_compress_usec_t(timespec_load(&st.st_mtim), &state);
+        }
+
+        uint64_t updated = siphash24_finalize(&state);
+        if (ret_new)
+                *ret_new = updated;
+        if (updated != timestamp_hash)
+                log_debug("Modification times have changed, need to update cache.");
+        return updated == timestamp_hash;
+}
+
+static int directory_name_is_valid(const char *name) {
+
+        /* Accept a directory whose name is a valid unit file name ending in .wants/, .requires/ or .d/ */
+
+        FOREACH_STRING(suffix, ".wants", ".requires", ".d") {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *chopped = NULL;
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = endswith(name, suffix);
+                if (!e)
+                        continue;
+
+                chopped = strndup(name, e - name);
+                if (!chopped)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (unit_name_is_valid(chopped, UNIT_NAME_ANY) ||
+                    unit_type_from_string(chopped) >= 0)
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int unit_file_resolve_symlink(
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **search_path,
+                const char *dir,
+                int dirfd,
+                const char *filename,
+                bool resolve_destination_target,
+                char **ret_destination) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL, *simplified = NULL, *dst = NULL, *_dir = NULL, *_filename = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* This can be called with either dir+dirfd valid and filename just a name,
+         * or !dir && dirfd==AT_FDCWD, and filename being a full path.
+         *
+         * If resolve_destination_target is true, an absolute path will be returned.
+         * If not, an absolute path is returned for linked unit files, and a relative
+         * path otherwise.
+         *
+         * Returns an error, false if this is an alias, true if it's a linked unit file. */
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(ret_destination);
+        assert(dir || path_is_absolute(filename));
+        assert(dirfd >= 0 || dirfd == AT_FDCWD);
+
+        r = readlinkat_malloc(dirfd, filename, &target);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read symlink %s%s%s: %m",
+                                         dir, dir ? "/" : "", filename);
+
+        if (!dir) {
+                r = path_extract_directory(filename, &_dir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                dir = _dir;
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(filename, &_filename);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == O_DIRECTORY)
+                        return log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EISDIR),
+                                                 "Unexpected path to a directory \"%s\", refusing.", filename);
+                filename = _filename;
+        }
+
+        bool is_abs = path_is_absolute(target);
+        if (root_dir || !is_abs) {
+                char *target_abs = path_join(is_abs ? root_dir : dir, target);
+                if (!target_abs)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                free_and_replace(target, target_abs);
+        }
+
+        /* Get rid of "." and ".." components in target path */
+        r = chase_symlinks(target, root_dir, CHASE_NOFOLLOW | CHASE_NONEXISTENT, &simplified, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to resolve symlink %s/%s pointing to %s: %m",
+                                         dir, filename, target);
+
+        assert(path_is_absolute(simplified));
+
+        /* Check if the symlink remain inside of of our search path.
+         * If yes, it is an alias. Verify that it is valid.
+         *
+         * If no, then this is a linked unit file or mask, and we don't care about the target name
+         * when loading units, and we return the link *source* (resolve_destination_target == false);
+         * When this is called for installation purposes, we want the final destination,
+         * so we return the *target*.
+         */
+        const char *tail = path_startswith_strv(simplified, search_path);
+        if (tail) {  /* An alias */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *target_name = NULL;
+
+                r = path_extract_filename(simplified, &target_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(LOG_NOTICE, filename, simplified);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (is_path(tail))
+                        log_warning("Suspicious symlink %s/%s %s %s, treating as alias.",
+                                    dir, filename, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), simplified);
+
+                dst = resolve_destination_target ? TAKE_PTR(simplified) : TAKE_PTR(target_name);
+
+        } else {
+                log_debug("Linked unit file: %s/%s %s %s", dir, filename, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), simplified);
+
+                if (resolve_destination_target)
+                        dst = TAKE_PTR(simplified);
+                else {
+                        dst = path_join(dir, filename);
+                        if (!dst)
+                                return log_oom();
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret_destination = TAKE_PTR(dst);
+        return !tail;  /* true if linked unit file */
+}
+
+int unit_file_build_name_map(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                uint64_t *cache_timestamp_hash,
+                Hashmap **unit_ids_map,
+                Hashmap **unit_names_map,
+                Set **path_cache) {
+
+        /* Build two mappings: any name → main unit (i.e. the end result of symlink resolution), unit name →
+         * all aliases (i.e. the entry for a given key is a list of all names which point to this key). The
+         * key is included in the value iff we saw a file or symlink with that name. In other words, if we
+         * have a key, but it is not present in the value for itself, there was an alias pointing to it, but
+         * the unit itself is not loadable.
+         *
+         * At the same, build a cache of paths where to find units. The non-const parameters are for input
+         * and output. Existing contents will be freed before the new contents are stored.
+         */
+
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *ids = NULL, *names = NULL;
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *paths = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_search_path = NULL;
+        uint64_t timestamp_hash;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Before doing anything, check if the timestamp hash that was passed is still valid.
+         * If yes, do nothing. */
+        if (cache_timestamp_hash &&
+            lookup_paths_timestamp_hash_same(lp, *cache_timestamp_hash, &timestamp_hash))
+                return 0;
+
+        /* The timestamp hash is now set based on the mtimes from before when we start reading files.
+         * If anything is modified concurrently, we'll consider the cache outdated. */
+
+        if (path_cache) {
+                paths = set_new(&path_hash_ops_free);
+                if (!paths)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        /* Go over all our search paths, chase their symlinks and store the result in the
+         * expanded_search_path list.
+         *
+         * This is important for cases where any of the unit directories itself are symlinks into other
+         * directories and would therefore cause all of the unit files to be recognized as linked units.
+         *
+         * This is important for distributions such as NixOS where most paths in /etc/ are symlinks to some
+         * other location on the filesystem (e.g.  into /nix/store/).
+         *
+         * Search paths are ordered by priority (highest first), and we need to maintain this order.
+         * If a resolved path is already in the list, we don't need to include.
+         *
+         * Note that we build a list that contains both the original paths and the resolved symlinks:
+         * we need the latter for the case where the directory is symlinked, as described above, and
+         * the former for the case where some unit file alias is a dangling symlink that points to one
+         * of the "original" directories (and can't be followed).
+         */
+        STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *resolved_dir = NULL;
+
+                r = strv_extend(&expanded_search_path, *dir);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = chase_symlinks(*dir, NULL, 0, &resolved_dir, NULL);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r != -ENOENT)
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to resolve symlink %s, ignoring: %m", *dir);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (strv_contains(expanded_search_path, resolved_dir))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (strv_consume(&expanded_search_path, TAKE_PTR(resolved_dir)) < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(dir, lp->search_path) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+                d = opendir(*dir);
+                if (!d) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to open \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *dir);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to read \"%s\", ignoring: %m", *dir)) {
+                        _unused_ _cleanup_free_ char *_filename_free = NULL;
+                        char *filename;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *dst = NULL;
+                        bool symlink_to_dir = false;
+
+                        /* We only care about valid units and dirs with certain suffixes, let's ignore the
+                         * rest. */
+
+                        if (de->d_type == DT_REG) {
+
+                                /* Accept a regular file whose name is a valid unit file name. */
+                                if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                                        continue;
+
+                        } else if (de->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+
+                                if (!paths) /* Skip directories early unless path_cache is requested */
+                                        continue;
+
+                                r = directory_name_is_valid(de->d_name);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        continue;
+
+                        } else if (de->d_type == DT_LNK) {
+
+                                /* Accept a symlink file whose name is a valid unit file name or
+                                 * ending in .wants/, .requires/ or .d/. */
+
+                                if (!unit_name_is_valid(de->d_name, UNIT_NAME_ANY)) {
+                                        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+
+                                        if (!paths) /* Skip symlink to a directory early unless path_cache is requested */
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        r = directory_name_is_valid(de->d_name);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+                                        if (r == 0)
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        r = readlinkat_malloc(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &target);
+                                        if (r < 0) {
+                                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read symlink %s/%s, ignoring: %m",
+                                                                  *dir, de->d_name);
+                                                continue;
+                                        }
+
+                                        r = is_dir(target, /* follow = */ true);
+                                        if (r <= 0)
+                                                continue;
+
+                                        symlink_to_dir = true;
+                                }
+
+                        } else
+                                continue;
+
+                        filename = path_join(*dir, de->d_name);
+                        if (!filename)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        if (paths) {
+                                r = set_put(paths, filename);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        _filename_free = filename; /* Make sure we free the filename. */
+                        } else
+                                _filename_free = filename; /* Make sure we free the filename. */
+
+                        if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || (de->d_type == DT_LNK && symlink_to_dir))
+                                continue;
+
+                        assert(IN_SET(de->d_type, DT_REG, DT_LNK));
+
+                        /* search_path is ordered by priority (highest first). If the name is already mapped
+                         * to something (incl. itself), it means that we have already seen it, and we should
+                         * ignore it here. */
+                        if (hashmap_contains(ids, de->d_name))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (de->d_type == DT_LNK) {
+                                /* We don't explicitly check for alias loops here. unit_ids_map_get() which
+                                 * limits the number of hops should be used to access the map. */
+
+                                r = unit_file_resolve_symlink(lp->root_dir, expanded_search_path,
+                                                              *dir, dirfd(d), de->d_name,
+                                                              /* resolve_destination_target= */ false,
+                                                              &dst);
+                                if (r == -ENOMEM)
+                                        return r;
+                                if (r < 0)  /* we ignore other errors here */
+                                        continue;
+
+                        } else {
+                                dst = TAKE_PTR(_filename_free); /* Grab the copy we made previously, if available. */
+                                if (!dst) {
+                                        dst = strdup(filename);
+                                        if (!dst)
+                                                return log_oom();
+                                }
+
+                                log_debug("%s: normal unit file: %s", __func__, dst);
+                        }
+
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *key = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!key)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        r = hashmap_ensure_put(&ids, &string_hash_ops_free_free, key, dst);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap (%s%s%s): %m",
+                                                         de->d_name, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), dst);
+                        key = dst = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Let's also put the names in the reverse db. */
+        const char *dummy, *src;
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(dummy, src, ids) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *inst = NULL, *dst_inst = NULL;
+                const char *dst;
+
+                r = unit_ids_map_get(ids, src, &dst);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (null_or_empty_path(dst) != 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                dst = basename(dst);
+
+                /* If we have an symlink from an instance name to a template name, it is an alias just for
+                 * this specific instance, foo@id.service ↔ template@id.service. */
+                if (unit_name_is_valid(dst, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                        UnitNameFlags t = unit_name_to_instance(src, &inst);
+                        if (t < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(t, "Failed to extract instance part from %s: %m", src);
+                        if (t == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) {
+                                r = unit_name_replace_instance(dst, inst, &dst_inst);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        /* This might happen e.g. if the combined length is too large.
+                                         * Let's not make too much of a fuss. */
+                                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to build alias name (%s + %s), ignoring: %m",
+                                                        dst, inst);
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                dst = dst_inst;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = string_strv_hashmap_put(&names, dst, src);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap (%s%s%s): %m",
+                                                 dst, special_glyph(SPECIAL_GLYPH_ARROW_RIGHT), src);
+        }
+
+        if (cache_timestamp_hash)
+                *cache_timestamp_hash = timestamp_hash;
+
+        hashmap_free_and_replace(*unit_ids_map, ids);
+        hashmap_free_and_replace(*unit_names_map, names);
+        if (path_cache)
+                set_free_and_replace(*path_cache, paths);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int add_name(
+                const char *unit_name,
+                Set **names,
+                const char *name) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(names);
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = set_put_strdup(names, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r > 0 && !streq(unit_name, name))
+                log_debug("Unit %s has alias %s.", unit_name, name);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int add_names(
+                Hashmap *unit_ids_map,
+                Hashmap *unit_name_map,
+                const char *unit_name,
+                const char *fragment_basename,  /* Only set when adding additional names based on fragment path */
+                UnitNameFlags name_type,
+                const char *instance,
+                Set **names,
+                const char *name) {
+
+        char **aliases;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name_type == UNIT_NAME_PLAIN || instance);
+
+        /* The unit has its own name if it's not a template. If we're looking at a fragment, the fragment
+         * name (possibly with instance inserted), is also always one of the unit names. */
+        if (name_type != UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE) {
+                r = add_name(unit_name, names, name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* Add any aliases of the name to the set of names.
+         *
+         * We don't even need to know which fragment we will use. The unit_name_map should return the same
+         * set of names for any of the aliases. */
+        aliases = hashmap_get(unit_name_map, name);
+        STRV_FOREACH(alias, aliases) {
+                if (name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE && unit_name_is_valid(*alias, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *inst = NULL;
+                        const char *inst_fragment = NULL;
+
+                        r = unit_name_replace_instance(*alias, instance, &inst);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot build instance name %s + %s: %m",
+                                                       *alias, instance);
+
+                        /* Exclude any aliases that point in some other direction.
+                         *
+                         * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/13119#discussion_r308145418. */
+                        r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, inst, &inst_fragment);
+                        if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO))
+                                return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot find instance fragment %s: %m", inst);
+
+                        if (inst_fragment &&
+                            fragment_basename &&
+                            !streq(basename(inst_fragment), fragment_basename)) {
+                                log_debug("Instance %s has fragment %s and is not an alias of %s.",
+                                          inst, inst_fragment, unit_name);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = add_name(unit_name, names, inst);
+                } else
+                        r = add_name(unit_name, names, *alias);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_file_find_fragment(
+                Hashmap *unit_ids_map,
+                Hashmap *unit_name_map,
+                const char *unit_name,
+                const char **ret_fragment_path,
+                Set **ret_names) {
+
+        const char *fragment = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL, *instance = NULL;
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *names = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Finds a fragment path, and returns the set of names:
+         * if we have …/foo.service and …/foo-alias.service→foo.service,
+         * and …/foo@.service and …/foo-alias@.service→foo@.service,
+         * and …/foo@inst.service,
+         * this should return:
+         * foo.service → …/foo.service, {foo.service, foo-alias.service},
+         * foo-alias.service → …/foo.service, {foo.service, foo-alias.service},
+         * foo@.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@.service, foo-alias@.service},
+         * foo-alias@.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@.service, foo-alias@.service},
+         * foo@bar.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@bar.service, foo-alias@bar.service},
+         * foo-alias@bar.service → …/foo@.service, {foo@bar.service, foo-alias@bar.service},
+         * foo-alias@inst.service → …/foo@inst.service, {foo@inst.service, foo-alias@inst.service}.
+         */
+
+        UnitNameFlags name_type = unit_name_to_instance(unit_name, &instance);
+        if (name_type < 0)
+                return name_type;
+
+        if (ret_names) {
+                r = add_names(unit_ids_map, unit_name_map, unit_name, NULL, name_type, instance, &names, unit_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* First try to load fragment under the original name */
+        r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, unit_name, &fragment);
+        if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO))
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot load unit %s: %m", unit_name);
+
+        if (!fragment && name_type == UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE) {
+                /* Look for a fragment under the template name */
+
+                r = unit_name_template(unit_name, &template);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine template name: %m");
+
+                r = unit_ids_map_get(unit_ids_map, template, &fragment);
+                if (r < 0 && !IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO))
+                        return log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot load template %s: %m", template);
+        }
+
+        if (fragment && ret_names) {
+                const char *fragment_basename = basename(fragment);
+
+                if (!streq(fragment_basename, unit_name)) {
+                        /* Add names based on the fragment name to the set of names */
+                        r = add_names(unit_ids_map, unit_name_map, unit_name, fragment_basename, name_type, instance, &names, fragment_basename);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret_fragment_path = fragment;
+        if (ret_names)
+                *ret_names = TAKE_PTR(names);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char * const rlmap[] = {
+        "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+        "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+        "rescue",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "S",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "1",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        "2",         SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,
+        "3",         SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,
+        "4",         SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,
+        "5",         SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET,
+        NULL
+};
+
+static const char * const rlmap_initrd[] = {
+        "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+        "rescue",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+        NULL
+};
+
+const char* runlevel_to_target(const char *word) {
+        const char * const *rlmap_ptr;
+
+        if (!word)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (in_initrd()) {
+                word = startswith(word, "rd.");
+                if (!word)
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        rlmap_ptr = in_initrd() ? rlmap_initrd : rlmap;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; rlmap_ptr[i]; i += 2)
+                if (streq(word, rlmap_ptr[i]))
+                        return rlmap_ptr[i+1];
+
+        return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-file.h b/src/basic/unit-file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c43861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+typedef enum UnitFileState UnitFileState;
+
+enum UnitFileState {
+        UNIT_FILE_ENABLED,
+        UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME,
+        UNIT_FILE_LINKED,
+        UNIT_FILE_LINKED_RUNTIME,
+        UNIT_FILE_ALIAS,
+        UNIT_FILE_MASKED,
+        UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME,
+        UNIT_FILE_STATIC,
+        UNIT_FILE_DISABLED,
+        UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT,
+        UNIT_FILE_GENERATED,
+        UNIT_FILE_TRANSIENT,
+        UNIT_FILE_BAD,
+        _UNIT_FILE_STATE_MAX,
+        _UNIT_FILE_STATE_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+};
+
+bool unit_type_may_alias(UnitType type) _const_;
+bool unit_type_may_template(UnitType type) _const_;
+
+int unit_symlink_name_compatible(const char *symlink, const char *target, bool instance_propagation);
+int unit_validate_alias_symlink_or_warn(int log_level, const char *filename, const char *target);
+
+bool lookup_paths_timestamp_hash_same(const LookupPaths *lp, uint64_t timestamp_hash, uint64_t *ret_new);
+
+int unit_file_resolve_symlink(
+                const char *root_dir,
+                char **search_path,
+                const char *dir,
+                int dirfd,
+                const char *filename,
+                bool resolve_destination_target,
+                char **ret_destination);
+
+int unit_file_build_name_map(
+                const LookupPaths *lp,
+                uint64_t *cache_timestamp_hash,
+                Hashmap **unit_ids_map,
+                Hashmap **unit_names_map,
+                Set **path_cache);
+
+int unit_file_find_fragment(
+                Hashmap *unit_ids_map,
+                Hashmap *unit_name_map,
+                const char *unit_name,
+                const char **ret_fragment_path,
+                Set **ret_names);
+
+const char* runlevel_to_target(const char *rl);
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-name.c b/src/basic/unit-name.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b739c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-name.c
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "memory-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+
+/* Characters valid in a unit name. */
+#define VALID_CHARS                             \
+        DIGITS                                  \
+        LETTERS                                 \
+        ":-_.\\"
+
+/* The same, but also permits the single @ character that may appear */
+#define VALID_CHARS_WITH_AT                     \
+        "@"                                     \
+        VALID_CHARS
+
+/* All chars valid in a unit name glob */
+#define VALID_CHARS_GLOB                        \
+        VALID_CHARS_WITH_AT                     \
+        "[]!-*?"
+
+#define LONG_UNIT_NAME_HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(ec,f2,37,fb,58,32,4a,32,84,9f,06,9b,0d,21,eb,9a)
+#define UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS 16
+
+bool unit_name_is_valid(const char *n, UnitNameFlags flags) {
+        const char *e, *i, *at;
+
+        assert((flags & ~(UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE|UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) == 0);
+
+        if (_unlikely_(flags == 0))
+                return false;
+
+        if (isempty(n))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strlen(n) >= UNIT_NAME_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        e = strrchr(n, '.');
+        if (!e || e == n)
+                return false;
+
+        if (unit_type_from_string(e + 1) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        for (i = n, at = NULL; i < e; i++) {
+
+                if (*i == '@' && !at)
+                        at = i;
+
+                if (!strchr(VALID_CHARS_WITH_AT, *i))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        if (at == n)
+                return false;
+
+        if (flags & UNIT_NAME_PLAIN)
+                if (!at)
+                        return true;
+
+        if (flags & UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE)
+                if (at && e > at + 1)
+                        return true;
+
+        if (flags & UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)
+                if (at && e == at + 1)
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool unit_prefix_is_valid(const char *p) {
+
+        /* We don't allow additional @ in the prefix string */
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        return in_charset(p, VALID_CHARS);
+}
+
+bool unit_instance_is_valid(const char *i) {
+
+        /* The max length depends on the length of the string, so we
+         * don't really check this here. */
+
+        if (isempty(i))
+                return false;
+
+        /* We allow additional @ in the instance string, we do not
+         * allow them in the prefix! */
+
+        return in_charset(i, "@" VALID_CHARS);
+}
+
+bool unit_suffix_is_valid(const char *s) {
+        if (isempty(s))
+                return false;
+
+        if (s[0] != '.')
+                return false;
+
+        if (unit_type_from_string(s + 1) < 0)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int unit_name_to_prefix(const char *n, char **ret) {
+        const char *p;
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(n);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = strchr(n, '@');
+        if (!p)
+                p = strrchr(n, '.');
+
+        assert_se(p);
+
+        s = strndup(n, p - n);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+UnitNameFlags unit_name_to_instance(const char *n, char **ret) {
+        const char *p, *d;
+
+        assert(n);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Everything past the first @ and before the last . is the instance */
+        p = strchr(n, '@');
+        if (!p) {
+                if (ret)
+                        *ret = NULL;
+                return UNIT_NAME_PLAIN;
+        }
+
+        p++;
+
+        d = strrchr(p, '.');
+        if (!d)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (ret) {
+                char *i = strndup(p, d-p);
+                if (!i)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                *ret = i;
+        }
+        return d > p ? UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE : UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE;
+}
+
+int unit_name_to_prefix_and_instance(const char *n, char **ret) {
+        const char *d;
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(n);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        d = strrchr(n, '.');
+        if (!d)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        s = strndup(n, d - n);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+UnitType unit_name_to_type(const char *n) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        assert(n);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID;
+
+        assert_se(e = strrchr(n, '.'));
+
+        return unit_type_from_string(e + 1);
+}
+
+int unit_name_change_suffix(const char *n, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        size_t a, b;
+        char *e;
+
+        assert(n);
+        assert(suffix);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!unit_suffix_is_valid(suffix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        assert_se(e = strrchr(n, '.'));
+
+        a = e - n;
+        b = strlen(suffix);
+
+        s = new(char, a + b + 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        strcpy(mempcpy(s, n, a), suffix);
+
+        /* Make sure the name is still valid (i.e. didn't grow too large due to longer suffix) */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_build(const char *prefix, const char *instance, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        UnitType type;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(suffix);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (suffix[0] != '.')
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        type = unit_type_from_string(suffix + 1);
+        if (type < 0)
+                return type;
+
+        return unit_name_build_from_type(prefix, instance, type, ret);
+}
+
+int unit_name_build_from_type(const char *prefix, const char *instance, UnitType type, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        const char *ut;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(type >= 0);
+        assert(type < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_prefix_is_valid(prefix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        ut = unit_type_to_string(type);
+
+        if (instance) {
+                if (!unit_instance_is_valid(instance))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                s = strjoin(prefix, "@", instance, ".", ut);
+        } else
+                s = strjoin(prefix, ".", ut);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Verify that this didn't grow too large (or otherwise is invalid) */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, instance ? UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE : UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static char *do_escape_char(char c, char *t) {
+        assert(t);
+
+        *(t++) = '\\';
+        *(t++) = 'x';
+        *(t++) = hexchar(c >> 4);
+        *(t++) = hexchar(c);
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+static char *do_escape(const char *f, char *t) {
+        assert(f);
+        assert(t);
+
+        /* do not create units with a leading '.', like for "/.dotdir" mount points */
+        if (*f == '.') {
+                t = do_escape_char(*f, t);
+                f++;
+        }
+
+        for (; *f; f++) {
+                if (*f == '/')
+                        *(t++) = '-';
+                else if (IN_SET(*f, '-', '\\') || !strchr(VALID_CHARS, *f))
+                        t = do_escape_char(*f, t);
+                else
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+char *unit_name_escape(const char *f) {
+        char *r, *t;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        r = new(char, strlen(f)*4+1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        t = do_escape(f, r);
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unit_name_unescape(const char *f, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *r = NULL;
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        r = strdup(f);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (t = r; *f; f++) {
+                if (*f == '-')
+                        *(t++) = '/';
+                else if (*f == '\\') {
+                        int a, b;
+
+                        if (f[1] != 'x')
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        a = unhexchar(f[2]);
+                        if (a < 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        b = unhexchar(f[3]);
+                        if (b < 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+
+                        *(t++) = (char) (((uint8_t) a << 4U) | (uint8_t) b);
+                        f += 3;
+                } else
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_path_escape(const char *f, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        char *s;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        p = strdup(f);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        path_simplify(p);
+
+        if (empty_or_root(p))
+                s = strdup("-");
+        else {
+                if (!path_is_normalized(p))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Truncate trailing slashes and skip leading slashes */
+                delete_trailing_chars(p, "/");
+                s = unit_name_escape(skip_leading_chars(p, "/"));
+        }
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_path_unescape(const char *f, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (isempty(f))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (streq(f, "-")) {
+                s = strdup("/");
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *w = NULL;
+
+                r = unit_name_unescape(f, &w);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Don't accept trailing or leading slashes */
+                if (startswith(w, "/") || endswith(w, "/"))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Prefix a slash again */
+                s = strjoin("/", w);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!path_is_normalized(s))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_replace_instance(const char *f, const char *i, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        const char *p, *e;
+        size_t a, b;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(i);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(f, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE|UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (!unit_instance_is_valid(i))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        assert_se(p = strchr(f, '@'));
+        assert_se(e = strrchr(f, '.'));
+
+        a = p - f;
+        b = strlen(i);
+
+        s = new(char, a + 1 + b + strlen(e) + 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        strcpy(mempcpy(mempcpy(s, f, a + 1), i, b), e);
+
+        /* Make sure the resulting name still is valid, i.e. didn't grow too large */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_template(const char *f, char **ret) {
+        const char *p, *e;
+        char *s;
+        size_t a;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(f, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE|UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        assert_se(p = strchr(f, '@'));
+        assert_se(e = strrchr(f, '.'));
+
+        a = p - f;
+
+        s = new(char, a + 1 + strlen(e) + 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        strcpy(mempcpy(s, f, a + 1), e);
+
+        *ret = s;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool unit_name_is_hashed(const char *name) {
+        char *s;
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                return false;
+
+        assert_se(s = strrchr(name, '.'));
+
+        if (s - name < UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS + 1)
+                return false;
+
+        s -= UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS;
+        if (s[-1] != '_')
+                return false;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS; i++)
+                if (!strchr(LOWERCASE_HEXDIGITS, s[i]))
+                        return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int unit_name_hash_long(const char *name, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL, *hash = NULL;
+        char *suffix;
+        le64_t h;
+        size_t len;
+
+        if (strlen(name) < UNIT_NAME_MAX)
+                return -EMSGSIZE;
+
+        suffix = strrchr(name, '.');
+        if (!suffix)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (unit_type_from_string(suffix+1) < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        h = htole64(siphash24_string(name, LONG_UNIT_NAME_HASH_KEY.bytes));
+
+        hash = hexmem(&h, sizeof(h));
+        if (!hash)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        assert_se(strlen(hash) == UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS);
+
+        len = UNIT_NAME_MAX - 1 - strlen(suffix+1) - UNIT_NAME_HASH_LENGTH_CHARS - 2;
+        assert(len > 0 && len < UNIT_NAME_MAX);
+
+        n = strndup(name, len);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!strextend(&n, "_", hash, suffix))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        assert_se(unit_name_is_valid(n, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN));
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(n);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_from_path(const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(suffix);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_suffix_is_valid(suffix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = unit_name_path_escape(path, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        s = strjoin(p, suffix);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (strlen(s) >= UNIT_NAME_MAX) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+
+                log_debug("Unit name \"%s\" too long, falling back to hashed unit name.", s);
+
+                r = unit_name_hash_long(s, &n);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                free_and_replace(s, n);
+        }
+
+        /* Refuse if this for some other reason didn't result in a valid name */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_from_path_instance(const char *prefix, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(suffix);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_prefix_is_valid(prefix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!unit_suffix_is_valid(suffix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = unit_name_path_escape(path, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        s = strjoin(prefix, "@", p, suffix);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (strlen(s) >= UNIT_NAME_MAX) /* Return a slightly more descriptive error for this specific condition */
+                return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+        /* Refuse if this for some other reason didn't result in a valid name */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_name_to_path(const char *name, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *prefix = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        r = unit_name_to_prefix(name, &prefix);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (unit_name_is_hashed(name))
+                return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+        return unit_name_path_unescape(prefix, ret);
+}
+
+static bool do_escape_mangle(const char *f, bool allow_globs, char *t) {
+        const char *valid_chars;
+        bool mangled = false;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(t);
+
+        /* We'll only escape the obvious characters here, to play safe.
+         *
+         * Returns true if any characters were mangled, false otherwise.
+         */
+
+        valid_chars = allow_globs ? VALID_CHARS_GLOB : VALID_CHARS_WITH_AT;
+
+        for (; *f; f++)
+                if (*f == '/') {
+                        *(t++) = '-';
+                        mangled = true;
+                } else if (!strchr(valid_chars, *f)) {
+                        t = do_escape_char(*f, t);
+                        mangled = true;
+                } else
+                        *(t++) = *f;
+        *t = 0;
+
+        return mangled;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Convert a string to a unit name. /dev/blah is converted to dev-blah.device,
+ *  /blah/blah is converted to blah-blah.mount, anything else is left alone,
+ *  except that @suffix is appended if a valid unit suffix is not present.
+ *
+ *  If @allow_globs, globs characters are preserved. Otherwise, they are escaped.
+ */
+int unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(const char *name, const char *operation, UnitNameMangle flags, const char *suffix, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        bool mangled, suggest_escape = true;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(suffix);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (isempty(name)) /* We cannot mangle empty unit names to become valid, sorry. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!unit_suffix_is_valid(suffix))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Already a fully valid unit name? If so, no mangling is necessary... */
+        if (unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                goto good;
+
+        /* Already a fully valid globbing expression? If so, no mangling is necessary either... */
+        if (string_is_glob(name) && in_charset(name, VALID_CHARS_GLOB)) {
+                if (flags & UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB)
+                        goto good;
+                log_full(flags & UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "Glob pattern passed%s%s, but globs are not supported for this.",
+                         operation ? " " : "", strempty(operation));
+                suggest_escape = false;
+        }
+
+        if (is_device_path(name)) {
+                r = unit_name_from_path(name, ".device", ret);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return 1;
+                if (r != -EINVAL)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(name)) {
+                r = unit_name_from_path(name, ".mount", ret);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return 1;
+                if (r != -EINVAL)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        s = new(char, strlen(name) * 4 + strlen(suffix) + 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        mangled = do_escape_mangle(name, flags & UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB, s);
+        if (mangled)
+                log_full(flags & UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "Invalid unit name \"%s\" escaped as \"%s\"%s.",
+                         name, s,
+                         suggest_escape ? " (maybe you should use systemd-escape?)" : "");
+
+        /* Append a suffix if it doesn't have any, but only if this is not a glob, so that we can allow
+         * "foo.*" as a valid glob. */
+        if ((!(flags & UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB) || !string_is_glob(s)) && unit_name_to_type(s) < 0)
+                strcat(s, suffix);
+
+        /* Make sure mangling didn't grow this too large (but don't do this check if globbing is allowed,
+         * since globs generally do not qualify as valid unit names) */
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB) && !unit_name_is_valid(s, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 1;
+
+good:
+        s = strdup(name);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int slice_build_parent_slice(const char *slice, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        char *dash;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(slice);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!slice_name_is_valid(slice))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (streq(slice, SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE)) {
+                *ret = NULL;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        s = strdup(slice);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        dash = strrchr(s, '-');
+        if (dash)
+                strcpy(dash, ".slice");
+        else {
+                r = free_and_strdup(&s, SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(s);
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int slice_build_subslice(const char *slice, const char *name, char **ret) {
+        char *subslice;
+
+        assert(slice);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!slice_name_is_valid(slice))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!unit_prefix_is_valid(name))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (streq(slice, SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE))
+                subslice = strjoin(name, ".slice");
+        else {
+                char *e;
+
+                assert_se(e = endswith(slice, ".slice"));
+
+                subslice = new(char, (e - slice) + 1 + strlen(name) + 6 + 1);
+                if (!subslice)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(subslice, slice, e - slice), "-"), name), ".slice");
+        }
+
+        *ret = subslice;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool slice_name_is_valid(const char *name) {
+        const char *p, *e;
+        bool dash = false;
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(name, UNIT_NAME_PLAIN))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(name, SPECIAL_ROOT_SLICE))
+                return true;
+
+        e = endswith(name, ".slice");
+        if (!e)
+                return false;
+
+        for (p = name; p < e; p++) {
+
+                if (*p == '-') {
+
+                        /* Don't allow initial dash */
+                        if (p == name)
+                                return false;
+
+                        /* Don't allow multiple dashes */
+                        if (dash)
+                                return false;
+
+                        dash = true;
+                } else
+                        dash = false;
+        }
+
+        /* Don't allow trailing hash */
+        if (dash)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool unit_name_prefix_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
+        const char *p, *q;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(a, UNIT_NAME_ANY) || !unit_name_is_valid(b, UNIT_NAME_ANY))
+                return false;
+
+        p = strchr(a, '@');
+        if (!p)
+                p = strrchr(a, '.');
+
+        q = strchr(b, '@');
+        if (!q)
+                q = strrchr(b, '.');
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(q);
+
+        return memcmp_nn(a, p - a, b, q - b) == 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-name.h b/src/basic/unit-name.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaa701e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/unit-name.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "unit-def.h"
+
+#define UNIT_NAME_MAX 256
+
+typedef enum UnitNameFlags {
+        UNIT_NAME_PLAIN    = 1 << 0, /* Allow foo.service */
+        UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE = 1 << 1, /* Allow foo@.service */
+        UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE = 1 << 2, /* Allow foo@bar.service */
+        UNIT_NAME_ANY = UNIT_NAME_PLAIN|UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE|UNIT_NAME_INSTANCE,
+        _UNIT_NAME_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+} UnitNameFlags;
+
+bool unit_name_is_valid(const char *n, UnitNameFlags flags) _pure_;
+bool unit_prefix_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
+bool unit_instance_is_valid(const char *i) _pure_;
+bool unit_suffix_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int unit_name_to_prefix(const char *n, char **ret);
+UnitNameFlags unit_name_to_instance(const char *n, char **ret);
+static inline UnitNameFlags unit_name_classify(const char *n) {
+        return unit_name_to_instance(n, NULL);
+}
+int unit_name_to_prefix_and_instance(const char *n, char **ret);
+
+UnitType unit_name_to_type(const char *n) _pure_;
+
+int unit_name_change_suffix(const char *n, const char *suffix, char **ret);
+
+int unit_name_build(const char *prefix, const char *instance, const char *suffix, char **ret);
+int unit_name_build_from_type(const char *prefix, const char *instance, UnitType, char **ret);
+
+char *unit_name_escape(const char *f);
+int unit_name_unescape(const char *f, char **ret);
+int unit_name_path_escape(const char *f, char **ret);
+int unit_name_path_unescape(const char *f, char **ret);
+
+int unit_name_replace_instance(const char *f, const char *i, char **ret);
+
+int unit_name_template(const char *f, char **ret);
+
+int unit_name_hash_long(const char *name, char **ret);
+bool unit_name_is_hashed(const char *name);
+
+int unit_name_from_path(const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret);
+int unit_name_from_path_instance(const char *prefix, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **ret);
+int unit_name_to_path(const char *name, char **ret);
+
+typedef enum UnitNameMangle {
+        UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_GLOB = 1 << 0,
+        UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN = 1 << 1,
+} UnitNameMangle;
+
+int unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(const char *name, const char *operation, UnitNameMangle flags, const char *suffix, char **ret);
+
+static inline int unit_name_mangle(const char *name, UnitNameMangle flags, char **ret) {
+        return unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(name, NULL, flags, ".service", ret);
+}
+
+int slice_build_parent_slice(const char *slice, char **ret);
+int slice_build_subslice(const char *slice, const char *name, char **subslice);
+bool slice_name_is_valid(const char *name);
+
+bool unit_name_prefix_equal(const char *a, const char *b);
diff --git a/src/basic/user-util.c b/src/basic/user-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..519e788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/user-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utmp.h>
+
+#include "sd-messages.h"
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "chase-symlinks.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "format-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+bool uid_is_valid(uid_t uid) {
+
+        /* Also see POSIX IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition, 3.436. */
+
+        /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
+        if (uid == (uid_t) UINT32_C(0xFFFFFFFF))
+                return false;
+
+        /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
+        if (uid == (uid_t) UINT32_C(0xFFFF))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t *ret) {
+        uint32_t uid = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+        /* We are very strict when parsing UIDs, and prohibit +/- as prefix, leading zero as prefix, and
+         * whitespace. We do this, since this call is often used in a context where we parse things as UID
+         * first, and if that doesn't work we fall back to NSS. Thus we really want to make sure that UIDs
+         * are parsed as UIDs only if they really really look like UIDs. */
+        r = safe_atou32_full(s, 10
+                             | SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_PLUS_MINUS
+                             | SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_ZERO
+                             | SAFE_ATO_REFUSE_LEADING_WHITESPACE, &uid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!uid_is_valid(uid))
+                return -ENXIO; /* we return ENXIO instead of EINVAL
+                                * here, to make it easy to distinguish
+                                * invalid numeric uids from invalid
+                                * strings. */
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = uid;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_uid_range(const char *s, uid_t *ret_lower, uid_t *ret_upper) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+        uid_t l, u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_lower);
+        assert(ret_upper);
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&s, &word, "-", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = parse_uid(word, &l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Check for the upper bound and extract it if needed */
+        if (!s)
+                /* Single number with no dash. */
+                u = l;
+        else if (!*s)
+                /* Trailing dash is an error. */
+                return -EINVAL;
+        else {
+                r = parse_uid(s, &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (l > u)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        *ret_lower = l;
+        *ret_upper = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
+        uid_t uid;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
+                uid = st.st_uid;
+        else
+                uid = getuid();
+
+        return uid_to_name(uid);
+}
+
+char *getusername_malloc(void) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        e = secure_getenv("USER");
+        if (e)
+                return strdup(e);
+
+        return uid_to_name(getuid());
+}
+
+bool is_nologin_shell(const char *shell) {
+        return PATH_IN_SET(shell,
+                           /* 'nologin' is the friendliest way to disable logins for a user account. It prints a nice
+                            * message and exits. Different distributions place the binary at different places though,
+                            * hence let's list them all. */
+                           "/bin/nologin",
+                           "/sbin/nologin",
+                           "/usr/bin/nologin",
+                           "/usr/sbin/nologin",
+                           /* 'true' and 'false' work too for the same purpose, but are less friendly as they don't do
+                            * any message printing. Different distributions place the binary at various places but at
+                            * least not in the 'sbin' directory. */
+                           "/bin/false",
+                           "/usr/bin/false",
+                           "/bin/true",
+                           "/usr/bin/true");
+}
+
+const char* default_root_shell(const char *root) {
+        /* We want to use the preferred shell, i.e. DEFAULT_USER_SHELL, which usually
+         * will be /bin/bash. Fall back to /bin/sh if DEFAULT_USER_SHELL is not found,
+         * or any access errors. */
+
+        int r = chase_symlinks(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL, root, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to look up shell '%s%s%s': %m",
+                                strempty(root), root ? "/" : "", DEFAULT_USER_SHELL);
+        if (r > 0)
+                return DEFAULT_USER_SHELL;
+
+        return "/bin/sh";
+}
+
+static int synthesize_user_creds(
+                const char **username,
+                uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
+                const char **home,
+                const char **shell,
+                UserCredsFlags flags) {
+
+        /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0 and uid=65534: in order to avoid NSS lookups for root we hardcode
+         * their user record data. */
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(*username, "root", "0")) {
+                *username = "root";
+
+                if (uid)
+                        *uid = 0;
+                if (gid)
+                        *gid = 0;
+
+                if (home)
+                        *home = "/root";
+
+                if (shell)
+                        *shell = default_root_shell(NULL);
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(*username, NOBODY_USER_NAME, "65534") &&
+            synthesize_nobody()) {
+                *username = NOBODY_USER_NAME;
+
+                if (uid)
+                        *uid = UID_NOBODY;
+                if (gid)
+                        *gid = GID_NOBODY;
+
+                if (home)
+                        *home = FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_CLEAN) ? NULL : "/";
+
+                if (shell)
+                        *shell = FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_CLEAN) ? NULL : NOLOGIN;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOMEDIUM;
+}
+
+int get_user_creds(
+                const char **username,
+                uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
+                const char **home,
+                const char **shell,
+                UserCredsFlags flags) {
+
+        uid_t u = UID_INVALID;
+        struct passwd *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(username);
+        assert(*username);
+
+        if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_PREFER_NSS) ||
+            (!home && !shell)) {
+
+                /* So here's the deal: normally, we'll try to synthesize all records we can synthesize, and override
+                 * the user database with that. However, if the user specifies USER_CREDS_PREFER_NSS then the
+                 * user database will override the synthetic records instead — except if the user is only interested in
+                 * the UID and/or GID (but not the home directory, or the shell), in which case we'll always override
+                 * the user database (i.e. the USER_CREDS_PREFER_NSS flag has no effect in this case). Why?
+                 * Simply because there are valid usecase where the user might change the home directory or the shell
+                 * of the relevant users, but changing the UID/GID mappings for them is something we explicitly don't
+                 * support. */
+
+                r = synthesize_user_creds(username, uid, gid, home, shell, flags);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return 0;
+                if (r != -ENOMEDIUM) /* not a username we can synthesize */
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getpwuid(u);
+
+                /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make sure to leave $USER to the configured value
+                 * instead of the first occurrence in the database. However if the uid was configured by a numeric uid,
+                 * then let's pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
+                if (p)
+                        *username = p->pw_name;
+                else if (FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_ALLOW_MISSING) && !gid && !home && !shell) {
+
+                        /* If the specified user is a numeric UID and it isn't in the user database, and the caller
+                         * passed USER_CREDS_ALLOW_MISSING and was only interested in the UID, then just return that
+                         * and don't complain. */
+
+                        if (uid)
+                                *uid = u;
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else {
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getpwnam(*username);
+        }
+        if (!p) {
+                r = errno_or_else(ESRCH);
+
+                /* If the user requested that we only synthesize as fallback, do so now */
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_PREFER_NSS)) {
+                        if (synthesize_user_creds(username, uid, gid, home, shell, flags) >= 0)
+                                return 0;
+                }
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (uid) {
+                if (!uid_is_valid(p->pw_uid))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                *uid = p->pw_uid;
+        }
+
+        if (gid) {
+                if (!gid_is_valid(p->pw_gid))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                *gid = p->pw_gid;
+        }
+
+        if (home) {
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_CLEAN) &&
+                    (empty_or_root(p->pw_dir) ||
+                     !path_is_valid(p->pw_dir) ||
+                     !path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir)))
+                        *home = NULL; /* Note: we don't insist on normalized paths, since there are setups that have /./ in the path */
+                else
+                        *home = p->pw_dir;
+        }
+
+        if (shell) {
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_CLEAN) &&
+                    (isempty(p->pw_shell) ||
+                     !path_is_valid(p->pw_dir) ||
+                     !path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell) ||
+                     is_nologin_shell(p->pw_shell)))
+                        *shell = NULL;
+                else
+                        *shell = p->pw_shell;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid, UserCredsFlags flags) {
+        struct group *g;
+        gid_t id;
+
+        assert(groupname);
+
+        /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(*groupname, "root", "0")) {
+                *groupname = "root";
+
+                if (gid)
+                        *gid = 0;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (STR_IN_SET(*groupname, NOBODY_GROUP_NAME, "65534") &&
+            synthesize_nobody()) {
+                *groupname = NOBODY_GROUP_NAME;
+
+                if (gid)
+                        *gid = GID_NOBODY;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
+                errno = 0;
+                g = getgrgid(id);
+
+                if (g)
+                        *groupname = g->gr_name;
+                else if (FLAGS_SET(flags, USER_CREDS_ALLOW_MISSING)) {
+                        if (gid)
+                                *gid = id;
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        } else {
+                errno = 0;
+                g = getgrnam(*groupname);
+        }
+
+        if (!g)
+                return errno_or_else(ESRCH);
+
+        if (gid) {
+                if (!gid_is_valid(g->gr_gid))
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                *gid = g->gr_gid;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
+        char *ret;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
+        if (uid == 0)
+                return strdup("root");
+        if (uid == UID_NOBODY && synthesize_nobody())
+                return strdup(NOBODY_USER_NAME);
+
+        if (uid_is_valid(uid)) {
+                long bufsize;
+
+                bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+                if (bufsize <= 0)
+                        bufsize = 4096;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+
+                        buf = malloc(bufsize);
+                        if (!buf)
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        r = getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, (size_t) bufsize, &pw);
+                        if (r == 0 && pw)
+                                return strdup(pw->pw_name);
+                        if (r != ERANGE)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (bufsize > LONG_MAX/2) /* overflow check */
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        bufsize *= 2;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (asprintf(&ret, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
+        char *ret;
+        int r;
+
+        if (gid == 0)
+                return strdup("root");
+        if (gid == GID_NOBODY && synthesize_nobody())
+                return strdup(NOBODY_GROUP_NAME);
+
+        if (gid_is_valid(gid)) {
+                long bufsize;
+
+                bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX);
+                if (bufsize <= 0)
+                        bufsize = 4096;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        struct group grbuf, *gr = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+
+                        buf = malloc(bufsize);
+                        if (!buf)
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        r = getgrgid_r(gid, &grbuf, buf, (size_t) bufsize, &gr);
+                        if (r == 0 && gr)
+                                return strdup(gr->gr_name);
+                        if (r != ERANGE)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (bufsize > LONG_MAX/2) /* overflow check */
+                                return NULL;
+
+                        bufsize *= 2;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (asprintf(&ret, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static bool gid_list_has(const gid_t *list, size_t size, gid_t val) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
+                if (list[i] == val)
+                        return true;
+        return false;
+}
+
+int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ gid_t *gids = NULL;
+        int ngroups;
+
+        if (getgid() == gid)
+                return 1;
+
+        if (getegid() == gid)
+                return 1;
+
+        if (!gid_is_valid(gid))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        ngroups = getgroups_alloc(&gids);
+        if (ngroups < 0)
+                return ngroups;
+
+        return gid_list_has(gids, ngroups, gid);
+}
+
+int in_group(const char *name) {
+        int r;
+        gid_t gid;
+
+        r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid, 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return in_gid(gid);
+}
+
+int merge_gid_lists(const gid_t *list1, size_t size1, const gid_t *list2, size_t size2, gid_t **ret) {
+        size_t nresult = 0;
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (size2 > INT_MAX - size1)
+                return -ENOBUFS;
+
+        gid_t *buf = new(gid_t, size1 + size2);
+        if (!buf)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* Duplicates need to be skipped on merging, otherwise they'll be passed on and stored in the kernel. */
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size1; i++)
+                if (!gid_list_has(buf, nresult, list1[i]))
+                        buf[nresult++] = list1[i];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size2; i++)
+                if (!gid_list_has(buf, nresult, list2[i]))
+                        buf[nresult++] = list2[i];
+        *ret = buf;
+        return (int)nresult;
+}
+
+int getgroups_alloc(gid_t** gids) {
+        gid_t *allocated;
+        _cleanup_free_  gid_t *p = NULL;
+        int ngroups = 8;
+        unsigned attempt = 0;
+
+        allocated = new(gid_t, ngroups);
+        if (!allocated)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        p = allocated;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                ngroups = getgroups(ngroups, p);
+                if (ngroups >= 0)
+                        break;
+                if (errno != EINVAL)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* Give up eventually */
+                if (attempt++ > 10)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* Get actual size needed, and size the array explicitly. Note that this is potentially racy
+                 * to use (in multi-threaded programs), hence let's call this in a loop. */
+                ngroups = getgroups(0, NULL);
+                if (ngroups < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (ngroups == 0)
+                        return false;
+
+                free(allocated);
+
+                p = allocated = new(gid_t, ngroups);
+                if (!allocated)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        *gids = TAKE_PTR(p);
+        return ngroups;
+}
+
+int get_home_dir(char **ret) {
+        struct passwd *p;
+        const char *e;
+        char *h;
+        uid_t u;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Take the user specified one */
+        e = secure_getenv("HOME");
+        if (e && path_is_valid(e) && path_is_absolute(e))
+                goto found;
+
+        /* Hardcode home directory for root and nobody to avoid NSS */
+        u = getuid();
+        if (u == 0) {
+                e = "/root";
+                goto found;
+        }
+
+        if (u == UID_NOBODY && synthesize_nobody()) {
+                e = "/";
+                goto found;
+        }
+
+        /* Check the database... */
+        errno = 0;
+        p = getpwuid(u);
+        if (!p)
+                return errno_or_else(ESRCH);
+        e = p->pw_dir;
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(e) || !path_is_absolute(e))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+ found:
+        h = strdup(e);
+        if (!h)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = path_simplify(h);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_shell(char **ret) {
+        struct passwd *p;
+        const char *e;
+        char *s;
+        uid_t u;
+
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Take the user specified one */
+        e = secure_getenv("SHELL");
+        if (e && path_is_valid(e) && path_is_absolute(e))
+                goto found;
+
+        /* Hardcode shell for root and nobody to avoid NSS */
+        u = getuid();
+        if (u == 0) {
+                e = default_root_shell(NULL);
+                goto found;
+        }
+        if (u == UID_NOBODY && synthesize_nobody()) {
+                e = NOLOGIN;
+                goto found;
+        }
+
+        /* Check the database... */
+        errno = 0;
+        p = getpwuid(u);
+        if (!p)
+                return errno_or_else(ESRCH);
+        e = p->pw_shell;
+
+        if (!path_is_valid(e) || !path_is_absolute(e))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+ found:
+        s = strdup(e);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = path_simplify(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int reset_uid_gid(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = maybe_setgroups(0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(setresuid(0, 0, 0));
+}
+
+int take_etc_passwd_lock(const char *root) {
+
+        struct flock flock = {
+                .l_type = F_WRLCK,
+                .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
+                .l_start = 0,
+                .l_len = 0,
+        };
+
+        const char *path;
+        int fd, r;
+
+        /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
+         * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
+         * our own trivial version of this.
+         *
+         * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
+         * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
+         * are redundant as they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
+         * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
+         * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
+
+        if (root)
+                path = prefix_roota(root, ETC_PASSWD_LOCK_PATH);
+        else
+                path = ETC_PASSWD_LOCK_PATH;
+
+        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Cannot open %s: %m", path);
+
+        r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                safe_close(fd);
+                return log_debug_errno(errno, "Locking %s failed: %m", path);
+        }
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+bool valid_user_group_name(const char *u, ValidUserFlags flags) {
+        const char *i;
+
+        /* Checks if the specified name is a valid user/group name. There are two flavours of this call:
+         * strict mode is the default which is POSIX plus some extra rules; and relaxed mode where we accept
+         * pretty much everything except the really worst offending names.
+         *
+         * Whenever we synthesize users ourselves we should use the strict mode. But when we process users
+         * created by other stuff, let's be more liberal. */
+
+        if (isempty(u)) /* An empty user name is never valid */
+                return false;
+
+        if (parse_uid(u, NULL) >= 0) /* Something that parses as numeric UID string is valid exactly when the
+                                      * flag for it is set */
+                return FLAGS_SET(flags, VALID_USER_ALLOW_NUMERIC);
+
+        if (FLAGS_SET(flags, VALID_USER_RELAX)) {
+
+                /* In relaxed mode we just check very superficially. Apparently SSSD and other stuff is
+                 * extremely liberal (way too liberal if you ask me, even inserting "@" in user names, which
+                 * is bound to cause problems for example when used with an MTA), hence only filter the most
+                 * obvious cases, or where things would result in an invalid entry if such a user name would
+                 * show up in /etc/passwd (or equivalent getent output).
+                 *
+                 * Note that we stepped far out of POSIX territory here. It's not our fault though, but
+                 * SSSD's, Samba's and everybody else who ignored POSIX on this. (I mean, I am happy to step
+                 * outside of POSIX' bounds any day, but I must say in this case I probably wouldn't
+                 * have...) */
+
+                if (startswith(u, " ") || endswith(u, " ")) /* At least expect whitespace padding is removed
+                                                             * at front and back (accept in the middle, since
+                                                             * that's apparently a thing on Windows). Note
+                                                             * that this also blocks usernames consisting of
+                                                             * whitespace only. */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (!utf8_is_valid(u)) /* We want to synthesize JSON from this, hence insist on UTF-8 */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (string_has_cc(u, NULL)) /* CC characters are just dangerous (and \n in particular is the
+                                             * record separator in /etc/passwd), so we can't allow that. */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (strpbrk(u, ":/")) /* Colons are the field separator in /etc/passwd, we can't allow
+                                       * that. Slashes are special to file systems paths and user names
+                                       * typically show up in the file system as home directories, hence
+                                       * don't allow slashes. */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (in_charset(u, "0123456789")) /* Don't allow fully numeric strings, they might be confused
+                                                  * with UIDs (note that this test is more broad than
+                                                  * the parse_uid() test above, as it will cover more than
+                                                  * the 32bit range, and it will detect 65535 (which is in
+                                                  * invalid UID, even though in the unsigned 32 bit range) */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (u[0] == '-' && in_charset(u + 1, "0123456789")) /* Don't allow negative fully numeric
+                                                                     * strings either. After all some people
+                                                                     * write 65535 as -1 (even though that's
+                                                                     * not even true on 32bit uid_t
+                                                                     * anyway) */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (dot_or_dot_dot(u)) /* User names typically become home directory names, and these two are
+                                        * special in that context, don't allow that. */
+                        return false;
+
+                /* Compare with strict result and warn if result doesn't match */
+                if (FLAGS_SET(flags, VALID_USER_WARN) && !valid_user_group_name(u, 0))
+                        log_struct(LOG_NOTICE,
+                                   LOG_MESSAGE("Accepting user/group name '%s', which does not match strict user/group name rules.", u),
+                                   "USER_GROUP_NAME=%s", u,
+                                   "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_UNSAFE_USER_NAME_STR);
+
+                /* Note that we make no restrictions on the length in relaxed mode! */
+        } else {
+                long sz;
+                size_t l;
+
+                /* Also see POSIX IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, 2016 Edition, 3.437. We are a bit stricter here
+                 * however. Specifically we deviate from POSIX rules:
+                 *
+                 * - We don't allow empty user names (see above)
+                 * - We require that names fit into the appropriate utmp field
+                 * - We don't allow any dots (this conflicts with chown syntax which permits dots as user/group name separator)
+                 * - We don't allow dashes or digit as the first character
+                 *
+                 * Note that other systems are even more restrictive, and don't permit underscores or uppercase characters.
+                 */
+
+                if (!ascii_isalpha(u[0]) &&
+                    u[0] != '_')
+                        return false;
+
+                for (i = u+1; *i; i++)
+                        if (!ascii_isalpha(*i) &&
+                            !ascii_isdigit(*i) &&
+                            !IN_SET(*i, '_', '-'))
+                                return false;
+
+                l = i - u;
+
+                sz = sysconf(_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX);
+                assert_se(sz > 0);
+
+                if (l > (size_t) sz)
+                        return false;
+                if (l > NAME_MAX) /* must fit in a filename */
+                        return false;
+                if (l > UT_NAMESIZE - 1)
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool valid_gecos(const char *d) {
+
+        if (!d)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(d))
+                return false;
+
+        if (string_has_cc(d, NULL))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Colons are used as field separators, and hence not OK */
+        if (strchr(d, ':'))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char *mangle_gecos(const char *d) {
+        char *mangled;
+
+        /* Makes sure the provided string becomes valid as a GEGOS field, by dropping bad chars. glibc's
+         * putwent() only changes \n and : to spaces. We do more: replace all CC too, and remove invalid
+         * UTF-8 */
+
+        mangled = strdup(d);
+        if (!mangled)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (char *i = mangled; *i; i++) {
+                int len;
+
+                if ((uint8_t) *i < (uint8_t) ' ' || *i == ':') {
+                        *i = ' ';
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(i, SIZE_MAX);
+                if (len < 0) {
+                        *i = ' ';
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                i += len - 1;
+        }
+
+        return mangled;
+}
+
+bool valid_home(const char *p) {
+        /* Note that this function is also called by valid_shell(), any
+         * changes must account for that. */
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!utf8_is_valid(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (string_has_cc(p, NULL))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!path_is_normalized(p))
+                return false;
+
+        /* Colons are used as field separators, and hence not OK */
+        if (strchr(p, ':'))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int maybe_setgroups(size_t size, const gid_t *list) {
+        int r;
+
+        /* Check if setgroups is allowed before we try to drop all the auxiliary groups */
+        if (size == 0) { /* Dropping all aux groups? */
+                _cleanup_free_ char *setgroups_content = NULL;
+                bool can_setgroups;
+
+                r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/setgroups", &setgroups_content);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        /* Old kernels don't have /proc/self/setgroups, so assume we can use setgroups */
+                        can_setgroups = true;
+                else if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else
+                        can_setgroups = streq(setgroups_content, "allow");
+
+                if (!can_setgroups) {
+                        log_debug("Skipping setgroups(), /proc/self/setgroups is set to 'deny'");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return RET_NERRNO(setgroups(size, list));
+}
+
+bool synthesize_nobody(void) {
+        /* Returns true when we shall synthesize the "nobody" user (which we do by default). This can be turned off by
+         * touching /etc/systemd/dont-synthesize-nobody in order to provide upgrade compatibility with legacy systems
+         * that used the "nobody" user name and group name for other UIDs/GIDs than 65534.
+         *
+         * Note that we do not employ any kind of synchronization on the following caching variable. If the variable is
+         * accessed in multi-threaded programs in the worst case it might happen that we initialize twice, but that
+         * shouldn't matter as each initialization should come to the same result. */
+        static int cache = -1;
+
+        if (cache < 0)
+                cache = access("/etc/systemd/dont-synthesize-nobody", F_OK) < 0;
+
+        return cache;
+}
+
+int putpwent_sane(const struct passwd *pw, FILE *stream) {
+        assert(pw);
+        assert(stream);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (putpwent(pw, stream) != 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int putspent_sane(const struct spwd *sp, FILE *stream) {
+        assert(sp);
+        assert(stream);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (putspent(sp, stream) != 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int putgrent_sane(const struct group *gr, FILE *stream) {
+        assert(gr);
+        assert(stream);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (putgrent(gr, stream) != 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_GSHADOW
+int putsgent_sane(const struct sgrp *sg, FILE *stream) {
+        assert(sg);
+        assert(stream);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        if (putsgent(sg, stream) != 0)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+int fgetpwent_sane(FILE *stream, struct passwd **pw) {
+        assert(stream);
+        assert(pw);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        struct passwd *p = fgetpwent(stream);
+        if (!p && errno != ENOENT)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        *pw = p;
+        return !!p;
+}
+
+int fgetspent_sane(FILE *stream, struct spwd **sp) {
+        assert(stream);
+        assert(sp);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        struct spwd *s = fgetspent(stream);
+        if (!s && errno != ENOENT)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        *sp = s;
+        return !!s;
+}
+
+int fgetgrent_sane(FILE *stream, struct group **gr) {
+        assert(stream);
+        assert(gr);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        struct group *g = fgetgrent(stream);
+        if (!g && errno != ENOENT)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        *gr = g;
+        return !!g;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_GSHADOW
+int fgetsgent_sane(FILE *stream, struct sgrp **sg) {
+        assert(stream);
+        assert(sg);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        struct sgrp *s = fgetsgent(stream);
+        if (!s && errno != ENOENT)
+                return errno_or_else(EIO);
+
+        *sg = s;
+        return !!s;
+}
+#endif
+
+int is_this_me(const char *username) {
+        uid_t uid;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Checks if the specified username is our current one. Passed string might be a UID or a user name. */
+
+        r = get_user_creds(&username, &uid, NULL, NULL, NULL, USER_CREDS_ALLOW_MISSING);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return uid == getuid();
+}
+
+const char *get_home_root(void) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        /* For debug purposes allow overriding where we look for home dirs */
+        e = secure_getenv("SYSTEMD_HOME_ROOT");
+        if (e && path_is_absolute(e) && path_is_normalized(e))
+                return e;
+
+        return "/home";
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/user-util.h b/src/basic/user-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a08683b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/user-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <grp.h>
+#if ENABLE_GSHADOW
+#  include <gshadow.h>
+#endif
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <shadow.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* Users managed by systemd-homed. See https://systemd.io/UIDS-GIDS for details how this range fits into the rest of the world */
+#define HOME_UID_MIN ((uid_t) 60001)
+#define HOME_UID_MAX ((uid_t) 60513)
+
+/* Users mapped from host into a container */
+#define MAP_UID_MIN ((uid_t) 60514)
+#define MAP_UID_MAX ((uid_t) 60577)
+
+bool uid_is_valid(uid_t uid);
+
+static inline bool gid_is_valid(gid_t gid) {
+        return uid_is_valid((uid_t) gid);
+}
+
+int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid);
+int parse_uid_range(const char *s, uid_t *ret_lower, uid_t *ret_upper);
+
+static inline int parse_gid(const char *s, gid_t *ret_gid) {
+        return parse_uid(s, (uid_t*) ret_gid);
+}
+
+char* getlogname_malloc(void);
+char* getusername_malloc(void);
+
+typedef enum UserCredsFlags {
+        USER_CREDS_PREFER_NSS    = 1 << 0,  /* if set, only synthesize user records if database lacks them. Normally we bypass the userdb entirely for the records we can synthesize */
+        USER_CREDS_ALLOW_MISSING = 1 << 1,  /* if a numeric UID string is resolved, be OK if there's no record for it */
+        USER_CREDS_CLEAN         = 1 << 2,  /* try to clean up shell and home fields with invalid data */
+} UserCredsFlags;
+
+int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home, const char **shell, UserCredsFlags flags);
+int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid, UserCredsFlags flags);
+
+char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid);
+char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid);
+
+int in_gid(gid_t gid);
+int in_group(const char *name);
+
+int merge_gid_lists(const gid_t *list1, size_t size1, const gid_t *list2, size_t size2, gid_t **result);
+int getgroups_alloc(gid_t** gids);
+
+int get_home_dir(char **ret);
+int get_shell(char **ret);
+
+int reset_uid_gid(void);
+
+int take_etc_passwd_lock(const char *root);
+
+#define UID_INVALID ((uid_t) -1)
+#define GID_INVALID ((gid_t) -1)
+
+#define UID_NOBODY ((uid_t) 65534U)
+#define GID_NOBODY ((gid_t) 65534U)
+
+/* If REMOUNT_IDMAPPING_HOST_ROOT is set for remount_idmap() we'll include a mapping here that maps the host
+ * root user accessing the idmapped mount to the this user ID on the backing fs. This is the last valid UID in
+ * the *signed* 32bit range. You might wonder why precisely use this specific UID for this purpose? Well, we
+ * definitely cannot use the first 0…65536 UIDs for that, since in most cases that's precisely the file range
+ * we intend to map to some high UID range, and since UID mappings have to be bijective we thus cannot use
+ * them at all. Furthermore the UID range beyond INT32_MAX (i.e. the range above the signed 32bit range) is
+ * icky, since many APIs cannot use it (example: setfsuid() returns the old UID as signed integer). Following
+ * our usual logic of assigning a 16bit UID range to each container, so that the upper 16bit of a 32bit UID
+ * value indicate kind of a "container ID" and the lower 16bit map directly to the intended user you can read
+ * this specific UID as the "nobody" user of the container with ID 0x7FFF, which is kinda nice. */
+#define UID_MAPPED_ROOT ((uid_t) (INT32_MAX-1))
+#define GID_MAPPED_ROOT ((gid_t) (INT32_MAX-1))
+
+#define ETC_PASSWD_LOCK_PATH "/etc/.pwd.lock"
+
+/* The following macros add 1 when converting things, since UID 0 is a valid UID, while the pointer
+ * NULL is special */
+#define PTR_TO_UID(p) ((uid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
+#define UID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
+
+#define PTR_TO_GID(p) ((gid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
+#define GID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
+
+static inline bool userns_supported(void) {
+        return access("/proc/self/uid_map", F_OK) >= 0;
+}
+
+typedef enum ValidUserFlags {
+        VALID_USER_RELAX         = 1 << 0,
+        VALID_USER_WARN          = 1 << 1,
+        VALID_USER_ALLOW_NUMERIC = 1 << 2,
+} ValidUserFlags;
+
+bool valid_user_group_name(const char *u, ValidUserFlags flags);
+bool valid_gecos(const char *d);
+char *mangle_gecos(const char *d);
+bool valid_home(const char *p);
+
+static inline bool valid_shell(const char *p) {
+        /* We have the same requirements, so just piggy-back on the home check.
+         *
+         * Let's ignore /etc/shells because this is only applicable to real and
+         * not system users. It is also incompatible with the idea of empty /etc.
+         */
+        return valid_home(p);
+}
+
+int maybe_setgroups(size_t size, const gid_t *list);
+
+bool synthesize_nobody(void);
+
+int fgetpwent_sane(FILE *stream, struct passwd **pw);
+int fgetspent_sane(FILE *stream, struct spwd **sp);
+int fgetgrent_sane(FILE *stream, struct group **gr);
+int putpwent_sane(const struct passwd *pw, FILE *stream);
+int putspent_sane(const struct spwd *sp, FILE *stream);
+int putgrent_sane(const struct group *gr, FILE *stream);
+#if ENABLE_GSHADOW
+int fgetsgent_sane(FILE *stream, struct sgrp **sg);
+int putsgent_sane(const struct sgrp *sg, FILE *stream);
+#endif
+
+bool is_nologin_shell(const char *shell);
+const char* default_root_shell(const char *root);
+
+int is_this_me(const char *username);
+
+const char *get_home_root(void);
+
+static inline bool hashed_password_is_locked_or_invalid(const char *password) {
+        return password && password[0] != '$';
+}
+
+/* A locked *and* invalid password for "struct spwd"'s .sp_pwdp and "struct passwd"'s .pw_passwd field */
+#define PASSWORD_LOCKED_AND_INVALID "!*"
+
+/* A password indicating "look in shadow file, please!" for "struct passwd"'s .pw_passwd */
+#define PASSWORD_SEE_SHADOW "x"
+
+/* A password indicating "hey, no password required for login" */
+#define PASSWORD_NONE ""
diff --git a/src/basic/utf8.c b/src/basic/utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2532fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+/* Parts of this file are based on the GLIB utf8 validation functions. The
+ * original license text follows. */
+
+/* gutf8.c - Operations on UTF-8 strings.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1999 Tom Tromey
+ * Copyright (C) 2000 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "gunicode.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+bool unichar_is_valid(char32_t ch) {
+
+        if (ch >= 0x110000) /* End of unicode space */
+                return false;
+        if ((ch & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) /* Reserved area for UTF-16 */
+                return false;
+        if ((ch >= 0xFDD0) && (ch <= 0xFDEF)) /* Reserved */
+                return false;
+        if ((ch & 0xFFFE) == 0xFFFE) /* BOM (Byte Order Mark) */
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static bool unichar_is_control(char32_t ch) {
+
+        /*
+          0 to ' '-1 is the C0 range.
+          DEL=0x7F, and DEL+1 to 0x9F is C1 range.
+          '\t' is in C0 range, but more or less harmless and commonly used.
+        */
+
+        return (ch < ' ' && !IN_SET(ch, '\t', '\n')) ||
+                (0x7F <= ch && ch <= 0x9F);
+}
+
+/* count of characters used to encode one unicode char */
+static size_t utf8_encoded_expected_len(uint8_t c) {
+        if (c < 0x80)
+                return 1;
+        if ((c & 0xe0) == 0xc0)
+                return 2;
+        if ((c & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
+                return 3;
+        if ((c & 0xf8) == 0xf0)
+                return 4;
+        if ((c & 0xfc) == 0xf8)
+                return 5;
+        if ((c & 0xfe) == 0xfc)
+                return 6;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* decode one unicode char */
+int utf8_encoded_to_unichar(const char *str, char32_t *ret_unichar) {
+        char32_t unichar;
+        size_t len;
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        len = utf8_encoded_expected_len(str[0]);
+
+        switch (len) {
+        case 1:
+                *ret_unichar = (char32_t)str[0];
+                return 0;
+        case 2:
+                unichar = str[0] & 0x1f;
+                break;
+        case 3:
+                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x0f;
+                break;
+        case 4:
+                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x07;
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x03;
+                break;
+        case 6:
+                unichar = (char32_t)str[0] & 0x01;
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+                if (((char32_t)str[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                unichar <<= 6;
+                unichar |= (char32_t)str[i] & 0x3f;
+        }
+
+        *ret_unichar = unichar;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool utf8_is_printable_newline(const char* str, size_t length, bool allow_newline) {
+        assert(str);
+
+        for (const char *p = str; length > 0;) {
+                int encoded_len, r;
+                char32_t val;
+
+                encoded_len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(p, length);
+                if (encoded_len < 0)
+                        return false;
+                assert(encoded_len > 0 && (size_t) encoded_len <= length);
+
+                r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(p, &val);
+                if (r < 0 ||
+                    unichar_is_control(val) ||
+                    (!allow_newline && val == '\n'))
+                        return false;
+
+                length -= encoded_len;
+                p += encoded_len;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char *utf8_is_valid_n(const char *str, size_t len_bytes) {
+        /* Check if the string is composed of valid utf8 characters. If length len_bytes is given, stop after
+         * len_bytes. Otherwise, stop at NUL. */
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        for (const char *p = str; len_bytes != SIZE_MAX ? (size_t) (p - str) < len_bytes : *p != '\0'; ) {
+                int len;
+
+                if (_unlikely_(*p == '\0') && len_bytes != SIZE_MAX)
+                        return NULL; /* embedded NUL */
+
+                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(p,
+                                                 len_bytes != SIZE_MAX ? len_bytes - (p - str) : SIZE_MAX);
+                if (_unlikely_(len < 0))
+                        return NULL; /* invalid character */
+
+                p += len;
+        }
+
+        return (char*) str;
+}
+
+char *utf8_escape_invalid(const char *str) {
+        char *p, *s;
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        p = s = malloc(strlen(str) * 4 + 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        while (*str) {
+                int len;
+
+                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(str, SIZE_MAX);
+                if (len > 0) {
+                        s = mempcpy(s, str, len);
+                        str += len;
+                } else {
+                        s = stpcpy(s, UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER);
+                        str += 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *s = '\0';
+        return str_realloc(p);
+}
+
+static int utf8_char_console_width(const char *str) {
+        char32_t c;
+        int r;
+
+        r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(str, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* TODO: we should detect combining characters */
+
+        return unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+}
+
+char *utf8_escape_non_printable_full(const char *str, size_t console_width, bool force_ellipsis) {
+        char *p, *s, *prev_s;
+        size_t n = 0; /* estimated print width */
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        if (console_width == 0)
+                return strdup("");
+
+        p = s = prev_s = malloc(strlen(str) * 4 + 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                int len;
+                char *saved_s = s;
+
+                if (!*str) { /* done! */
+                        if (force_ellipsis)
+                                goto truncation;
+                        else
+                                goto finish;
+                }
+
+                len = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(str, SIZE_MAX);
+                if (len > 0) {
+                        if (utf8_is_printable(str, len)) {
+                                int w;
+
+                                w = utf8_char_console_width(str);
+                                assert(w >= 0);
+                                if (n + w > console_width)
+                                        goto truncation;
+
+                                s = mempcpy(s, str, len);
+                                str += len;
+                                n += w;
+
+                        } else {
+                                for (; len > 0; len--) {
+                                        if (n + 4 > console_width)
+                                                goto truncation;
+
+                                        *(s++) = '\\';
+                                        *(s++) = 'x';
+                                        *(s++) = hexchar((int) *str >> 4);
+                                        *(s++) = hexchar((int) *str);
+
+                                        str += 1;
+                                        n += 4;
+                                }
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        if (n + 1 > console_width)
+                                goto truncation;
+
+                        s = mempcpy(s, UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER, strlen(UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER));
+                        str += 1;
+                        n += 1;
+                }
+
+                prev_s = saved_s;
+        }
+
+ truncation:
+        /* Try to go back one if we don't have enough space for the ellipsis */
+        if (n + 1 > console_width)
+                s = prev_s;
+
+        s = mempcpy(s, "…", strlen("…"));
+
+ finish:
+        *s = '\0';
+        return str_realloc(p);
+}
+
+char *ascii_is_valid(const char *str) {
+        /* Check whether the string consists of valid ASCII bytes,
+         * i.e values between 0 and 127, inclusive. */
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        for (const char *p = str; *p; p++)
+                if ((unsigned char) *p >= 128)
+                        return NULL;
+
+        return (char*) str;
+}
+
+char *ascii_is_valid_n(const char *str, size_t len) {
+        /* Very similar to ascii_is_valid(), but checks exactly len
+         * bytes and rejects any NULs in that range. */
+
+        assert(str);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                if ((unsigned char) str[i] >= 128 || str[i] == 0)
+                        return NULL;
+
+        return (char*) str;
+}
+
+int utf8_to_ascii(const char *str, char replacement_char, char **ret) {
+        /* Convert to a string that has only ASCII chars, replacing anything that is not ASCII
+         * by replacement_char. */
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ans = new(char, strlen(str) + 1);
+        if (!ans)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        char *q = ans;
+
+        for (const char *p = str; *p; q++) {
+                int l;
+
+                l = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(p, SIZE_MAX);
+                if (l < 0)  /* Non-UTF-8, let's not even try to propagate the garbage */
+                        return l;
+
+                if (l == 1)
+                        *q = *p;
+                else
+                        /* non-ASCII, we need to replace it */
+                        *q = replacement_char;
+
+                p += l;
+        }
+        *q = '\0';
+
+        *ret = TAKE_PTR(ans);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * utf8_encode_unichar() - Encode single UCS-4 character as UTF-8
+ * @out_utf8: output buffer of at least 4 bytes or NULL
+ * @g: UCS-4 character to encode
+ *
+ * This encodes a single UCS-4 character as UTF-8 and writes it into @out_utf8.
+ * The length of the character is returned. It is not zero-terminated! If the
+ * output buffer is NULL, only the length is returned.
+ *
+ * Returns: The length in bytes that the UTF-8 representation does or would
+ *          occupy.
+ */
+size_t utf8_encode_unichar(char *out_utf8, char32_t g) {
+
+        if (g < (1 << 7)) {
+                if (out_utf8)
+                        out_utf8[0] = g & 0x7f;
+                return 1;
+        } else if (g < (1 << 11)) {
+                if (out_utf8) {
+                        out_utf8[0] = 0xc0 | ((g >> 6) & 0x1f);
+                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
+                }
+                return 2;
+        } else if (g < (1 << 16)) {
+                if (out_utf8) {
+                        out_utf8[0] = 0xe0 | ((g >> 12) & 0x0f);
+                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((g >> 6) & 0x3f);
+                        out_utf8[2] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
+                }
+                return 3;
+        } else if (g < (1 << 21)) {
+                if (out_utf8) {
+                        out_utf8[0] = 0xf0 | ((g >> 18) & 0x07);
+                        out_utf8[1] = 0x80 | ((g >> 12) & 0x3f);
+                        out_utf8[2] = 0x80 | ((g >> 6) & 0x3f);
+                        out_utf8[3] = 0x80 | (g & 0x3f);
+                }
+                return 4;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char *utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t *s, size_t length /* bytes! */) {
+        const uint8_t *f;
+        char *r, *t;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        /* Input length is in bytes, i.e. the shortest possible character takes 2 bytes. Each unicode character may
+         * take up to 4 bytes in UTF-8. Let's also account for a trailing NUL byte. */
+        if (length * 2 < length)
+                return NULL; /* overflow */
+
+        r = new(char, length * 2 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        f = (const uint8_t*) s;
+        t = r;
+
+        while (f + 1 < (const uint8_t*) s + length) {
+                char16_t w1, w2;
+
+                /* see RFC 2781 section 2.2 */
+
+                w1 = f[1] << 8 | f[0];
+                f += 2;
+
+                if (!utf16_is_surrogate(w1)) {
+                        t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, w1);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (utf16_is_trailing_surrogate(w1))
+                        continue; /* spurious trailing surrogate, ignore */
+
+                if (f + 1 >= (const uint8_t*) s + length)
+                        break;
+
+                w2 = f[1] << 8 | f[0];
+                f += 2;
+
+                if (!utf16_is_trailing_surrogate(w2)) {
+                        f -= 2;
+                        continue; /* surrogate missing its trailing surrogate, ignore */
+                }
+
+                t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, utf16_surrogate_pair_to_unichar(w1, w2));
+        }
+
+        *t = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+size_t utf16_encode_unichar(char16_t *out, char32_t c) {
+
+        /* Note that this encodes as little-endian. */
+
+        switch (c) {
+
+        case 0 ... 0xd7ffU:
+        case 0xe000U ... 0xffffU:
+                out[0] = htole16(c);
+                return 1;
+
+        case 0x10000U ... 0x10ffffU:
+                c -= 0x10000U;
+                out[0] = htole16((c >> 10) + 0xd800U);
+                out[1] = htole16((c & 0x3ffU) + 0xdc00U);
+                return 2;
+
+        default: /* A surrogate (invalid) */
+                return 0;
+        }
+}
+
+char16_t *utf8_to_utf16(const char *s, size_t length) {
+        char16_t *n, *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        n = new(char16_t, length + 1);
+        if (!n)
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = n;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length;) {
+                char32_t unichar;
+                size_t e;
+
+                e = utf8_encoded_expected_len(s[i]);
+                if (e <= 1) /* Invalid and single byte characters are copied as they are */
+                        goto copy;
+
+                if (i + e > length) /* sequence longer than input buffer, then copy as-is */
+                        goto copy;
+
+                r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(s + i, &unichar);
+                if (r < 0) /* sequence invalid, then copy as-is */
+                        goto copy;
+
+                p += utf16_encode_unichar(p, unichar);
+                i += e;
+                continue;
+
+        copy:
+                *(p++) = htole16(s[i++]);
+        }
+
+        *p = 0;
+        return n;
+}
+
+size_t char16_strlen(const char16_t *s) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        while (*s != 0)
+                n++, s++;
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+/* expected size used to encode one unicode char */
+static int utf8_unichar_to_encoded_len(char32_t unichar) {
+
+        if (unichar < 0x80)
+                return 1;
+        if (unichar < 0x800)
+                return 2;
+        if (unichar < 0x10000)
+                return 3;
+        if (unichar < 0x200000)
+                return 4;
+        if (unichar < 0x4000000)
+                return 5;
+
+        return 6;
+}
+
+/* validate one encoded unicode char and return its length */
+int utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(const char *str, size_t length /* bytes */) {
+        char32_t unichar;
+        size_t len;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(str);
+        assert(length > 0);
+
+        /* We read until NUL, at most length bytes. SIZE_MAX may be used to disable the length check. */
+
+        len = utf8_encoded_expected_len(str[0]);
+        if (len == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* Do we have a truncated multi-byte character? */
+        if (len > length)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* ascii is valid */
+        if (len == 1)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* check if expected encoded chars are available */
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                if ((str[i] & 0x80) != 0x80)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(str, &unichar);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* check if encoded length matches encoded value */
+        if (utf8_unichar_to_encoded_len(unichar) != (int) len)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* check if value has valid range */
+        if (!unichar_is_valid(unichar))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return (int) len;
+}
+
+size_t utf8_n_codepoints(const char *str) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        /* Returns the number of UTF-8 codepoints in this string, or SIZE_MAX if the string is not valid UTF-8. */
+
+        while (*str != 0) {
+                int k;
+
+                k = utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(str, SIZE_MAX);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        return SIZE_MAX;
+
+                str += k;
+                n++;
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+size_t utf8_console_width(const char *str) {
+        size_t n = 0;
+
+        /* Returns the approximate width a string will take on screen when printed on a character cell
+         * terminal/console. */
+
+        while (*str) {
+                int w;
+
+                w = utf8_char_console_width(str);
+                if (w < 0)
+                        return SIZE_MAX;
+
+                n += w;
+                str = utf8_next_char(str);
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/utf8.h b/src/basic/utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a06dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_type.h"
+
+#define UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER "\xef\xbf\xbd"
+#define UTF8_BYTE_ORDER_MARK "\xef\xbb\xbf"
+
+bool unichar_is_valid(char32_t c);
+
+char *utf8_is_valid_n(const char *str, size_t len_bytes) _pure_;
+static inline char *utf8_is_valid(const char *s) {
+        return utf8_is_valid_n(s, SIZE_MAX);
+}
+char *ascii_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
+char *ascii_is_valid_n(const char *str, size_t len);
+
+int utf8_to_ascii(const char *str, char replacement_char, char **ret);
+
+bool utf8_is_printable_newline(const char* str, size_t length, bool allow_newline) _pure_;
+#define utf8_is_printable(str, length) utf8_is_printable_newline(str, length, true)
+
+char *utf8_escape_invalid(const char *s);
+char *utf8_escape_non_printable_full(const char *str, size_t console_width, bool force_ellipsis);
+static inline char *utf8_escape_non_printable(const char *str) {
+        return utf8_escape_non_printable_full(str, SIZE_MAX, false);
+}
+
+size_t utf8_encode_unichar(char *out_utf8, char32_t g);
+size_t utf16_encode_unichar(char16_t *out, char32_t c);
+
+char *utf16_to_utf8(const char16_t *s, size_t length /* bytes! */);
+char16_t *utf8_to_utf16(const char *s, size_t length);
+
+size_t char16_strlen(const char16_t *s); /* returns the number of 16bit words in the string (not bytes!) */
+
+int utf8_encoded_valid_unichar(const char *str, size_t length);
+int utf8_encoded_to_unichar(const char *str, char32_t *ret_unichar);
+
+static inline bool utf16_is_surrogate(char16_t c) {
+        return c >= 0xd800U && c <= 0xdfffU;
+}
+
+static inline bool utf16_is_trailing_surrogate(char16_t c) {
+        return c >= 0xdc00U && c <= 0xdfffU;
+}
+
+static inline char32_t utf16_surrogate_pair_to_unichar(char16_t lead, char16_t trail) {
+        return ((((char32_t) lead - 0xd800U) << 10) + ((char32_t) trail - 0xdc00U) + 0x10000U);
+}
+
+size_t utf8_n_codepoints(const char *str);
+size_t utf8_console_width(const char *str);
diff --git a/src/basic/util.c b/src/basic/util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6aaa2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "env-file.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+int saved_argc = 0;
+char **saved_argv = NULL;
+static int saved_in_initrd = -1;
+
+bool kexec_loaded(void) {
+       _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+       if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) < 0)
+               return false;
+
+       return s[0] == '1';
+}
+
+int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
+
+        switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
+
+        case O_RDONLY:
+                return PROT_READ;
+
+        case O_WRONLY:
+                return PROT_WRITE;
+
+        case O_RDWR:
+                return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
+
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+}
+
+bool in_initrd(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (saved_in_initrd >= 0)
+                return saved_in_initrd;
+
+        /* If /etc/initrd-release exists, we're in an initrd.
+         * This can be overridden by setting SYSTEMD_IN_INITRD=0|1.
+         */
+
+        r = getenv_bool_secure("SYSTEMD_IN_INITRD");
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENXIO)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_IN_INITRD, ignoring: %m");
+
+        if (r >= 0)
+                saved_in_initrd = r > 0;
+        else {
+                r = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK);
+                if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to check if /etc/initrd-release exists, assuming it does not: %m");
+                saved_in_initrd = r >= 0;
+        }
+
+        return saved_in_initrd;
+}
+
+void in_initrd_force(bool value) {
+        saved_in_initrd = value;
+}
+
+int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        pid_t leader;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(machine);
+        assert(pid);
+
+        if (streq(machine, ".host")) {
+                *pid = 1;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!hostname_is_valid(machine, 0))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
+        r = parse_env_file(NULL, p,
+                           "LEADER", &s,
+                           "CLASS", &class);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return -EHOSTDOWN;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!s)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (leader <= 1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *pid = leader;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int version(void) {
+        printf("systemd " STRINGIFY(PROJECT_VERSION) " (" GIT_VERSION ")\n%s\n",
+               systemd_features);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* Turn off core dumps but only if we're running outside of a container. */
+void disable_coredumps(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return;
+
+        r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern", "|/bin/false", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to turn off coredumps, ignoring: %m");
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/util.h b/src/basic/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68ae3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+extern int saved_argc;
+extern char **saved_argv;
+
+static inline void save_argc_argv(int argc, char **argv) {
+
+        /* Protect against CVE-2021-4034 style attacks */
+        assert_se(argc > 0);
+        assert_se(argv);
+        assert_se(argv[0]);
+
+        saved_argc = argc;
+        saved_argv = argv;
+}
+
+bool kexec_loaded(void);
+
+int prot_from_flags(int flags) _const_;
+
+bool in_initrd(void);
+void in_initrd_force(bool value);
+
+/* Note: log2(0) == log2(1) == 0 here and below. */
+
+#define CONST_LOG2ULL(x) ((x) > 1 ? (unsigned) __builtin_clzll(x) ^ 63U : 0)
+#define NONCONST_LOG2ULL(x) ({                                     \
+                unsigned long long _x = (x);                       \
+                _x > 1 ? (unsigned) __builtin_clzll(_x) ^ 63U : 0; \
+        })
+#define LOG2ULL(x) __builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(x), CONST_LOG2ULL(x), NONCONST_LOG2ULL(x))
+
+static inline unsigned log2u64(uint64_t x) {
+#if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ == 8
+        return LOG2ULL(x);
+#else
+#  error "Wut?"
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline unsigned u32ctz(uint32_t n) {
+#if __SIZEOF_INT__ == 4
+        return n != 0 ? __builtin_ctz(n) : 32;
+#else
+#  error "Wut?"
+#endif
+}
+
+#define CONST_LOG2U(x) ((x) > 1 ? __SIZEOF_INT__ * 8 - __builtin_clz(x) - 1 : 0)
+#define NONCONST_LOG2U(x) ({                                             \
+                unsigned _x = (x);                                       \
+                _x > 1 ? __SIZEOF_INT__ * 8 - __builtin_clz(_x) - 1 : 0; \
+        })
+#define LOG2U(x) __builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(x), CONST_LOG2U(x), NONCONST_LOG2U(x))
+
+static inline unsigned log2i(int x) {
+        return LOG2U(x);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned log2u(unsigned x) {
+        return LOG2U(x);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned log2u_round_up(unsigned x) {
+        if (x <= 1)
+                return 0;
+
+        return log2u(x - 1) + 1;
+}
+
+int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid);
+
+int version(void);
+
+void disable_coredumps(void);
diff --git a/src/basic/virt.c b/src/basic/virt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ed8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/virt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#include <cpuid.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_threads.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+enum {
+      SMBIOS_VM_BIT_SET,
+      SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNSET,
+      SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNKNOWN,
+};
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_cpuid(void) {
+
+        /* CPUID is an x86 specific interface. */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+
+        static const struct {
+                const char sig[13];
+                Virtualization id;
+        } vm_table[] = {
+                { "XenVMMXenVMM", VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
+                { "KVMKVMKVM",    VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       }, /* qemu with KVM */
+                { "Linux KVM Hv", VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       }, /* qemu with KVM + HyperV Enlightenments */
+                { "TCGTCGTCGTCG", VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      }, /* qemu without KVM */
+                /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
+                { "VMwareVMware", VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
+                /* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs */
+                { "Microsoft Hv", VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT },
+                /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
+                { "bhyve bhyve ", VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
+                { "QNXQVMBSQG",   VIRTUALIZATION_QNX       },
+                /* https://projectacrn.org */
+                { "ACRNACRNACRN", VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN      },
+                /* https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/Hardened-Security-for-Intel-Processors.html */
+                { "SRESRESRESRE", VIRTUALIZATION_SRE       },
+                { "Apple VZ",     VIRTUALIZATION_APPLE     },
+        };
+
+        uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+        bool hypervisor;
+
+        /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
+
+        /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
+        if (__get_cpuid(1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx) == 0)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+
+        hypervisor = ecx & 0x80000000U;
+
+        if (hypervisor) {
+                union {
+                        uint32_t sig32[3];
+                        char text[13];
+                } sig = {};
+
+                /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
+                __cpuid(0x40000000U, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
+
+                sig.sig32[0] = ebx;
+                sig.sig32[1] = ecx;
+                sig.sig32[2] = edx;
+
+                log_debug("Virtualization found, CPUID=%s", sig.text);
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(vm_table); i++)
+                        if (memcmp_nn(sig.text, sizeof(sig.text),
+                                      vm_table[i].sig, sizeof(vm_table[i].sig)) == 0)
+                                return vm_table[i].id;
+
+                log_debug("Unknown virtualization with CPUID=%s. Add to vm_table[]?", sig.text);
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+        }
+#endif
+        log_debug("No virtualization found in CPUID");
+
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_device_tree(void) {
+#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", &hvtype);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *compat = NULL;
+
+                if (access("/proc/device-tree/ibm,partition-name", F_OK) == 0 &&
+                    access("/proc/device-tree/hmc-managed?", F_OK) == 0 &&
+                    access("/proc/device-tree/chosen/qemu,graphic-width", F_OK) != 0)
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_POWERVM;
+
+                dir = opendir("/proc/device-tree");
+                if (!dir) {
+                        if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                                log_debug_errno(errno, "/proc/device-tree: %m");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                        }
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                FOREACH_DIRENT(de, dir, return -errno)
+                        if (strstr(de->d_name, "fw-cfg")) {
+                                log_debug("Virtualization QEMU: \"fw-cfg\" present in /proc/device-tree/%s", de->d_name);
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU;
+                        }
+
+                r = read_one_line_file("/proc/device-tree/compatible", &compat);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                        return r;
+                if (r >= 0 && streq(compat, "qemu,pseries")) {
+                        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/device-tree/compatible", compat);
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU;
+                }
+
+                log_debug("No virtualization found in /proc/device-tree/*");
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", hvtype);
+        if (streq(hvtype, "linux,kvm"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
+        else if (strstr(hvtype, "xen"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+        else if (strstr(hvtype, "vmware"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+#else
+        log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/device-tree");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__loongarch64)
+static Virtualization detect_vm_dmi_vendor(void) {
+        static const char* const dmi_vendors[] = {
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name", /* Test this before sys_vendor to detect KVM over QEMU */
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor",
+                "/sys/class/dmi/id/product_version", /* For Hyper-V VMs test */
+                NULL
+        };
+
+        static const struct {
+                const char *vendor;
+                Virtualization id;
+        } dmi_vendor_table[] = {
+                { "KVM",                   VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
+                { "OpenStack",             VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       }, /* Detect OpenStack instance as KVM in non x86 architecture */
+                { "KubeVirt",              VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       }, /* Detect KubeVirt instance as KVM in non x86 architecture */
+                { "Amazon EC2",            VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON    },
+                { "QEMU",                  VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
+                { "VMware",                VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    }, /* https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/1009458 */
+                { "VMW",                   VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
+                { "innotek GmbH",          VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
+                { "VirtualBox",            VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
+                { "Xen",                   VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
+                { "Bochs",                 VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS     },
+                { "Parallels",             VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS },
+                /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
+                { "BHYVE",                 VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
+                { "Hyper-V",               VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT },
+                { "Apple Virtualization",  VIRTUALIZATION_APPLE     },
+                { "Google Compute Engine", VIRTUALIZATION_GOOGLE    }, /* https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/container-contract#sandbox */
+        };
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(vendor, dmi_vendors) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+                r = read_one_line_file(*vendor, &s);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                                continue;
+
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendor_table); i++)
+                        if (startswith(s, dmi_vendor_table[i].vendor)) {
+                                log_debug("Virtualization %s found in DMI (%s)", s, *vendor);
+                                return dmi_vendor_table[i].id;
+                        }
+        }
+        log_debug("No virtualization found in DMI vendor table.");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static int detect_vm_smbios(void) {
+        /* The SMBIOS BIOS Charateristics Extension Byte 2 (Section 2.1.2.2 of
+         * https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0134_3.4.0.pdf), specifies that
+         * the 4th bit being set indicates a VM. The BIOS Characteristics table is exposed via the kernel in
+         * /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/0-0. Note that in the general case, this bit being unset should not
+         * imply that the system is running on bare-metal.  For example, QEMU 3.1.0 (with or without KVM)
+         * with SeaBIOS does not set this bit. */
+        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+        size_t readsize;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_full_virtual_file("/sys/firmware/dmi/entries/0-0/raw", &s, &readsize);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Unable to read /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/0-0/raw, "
+                                "using the virtualization information found in DMI vendor table, ignoring: %m");
+                return SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        if (readsize < 20 || s[1] < 20) {
+                /* The spec indicates that byte 1 contains the size of the table, 0x12 + the number of
+                 * extension bytes. The data we're interested in is in extension byte 2, which would be at
+                 * 0x13. If we didn't read that much data, or if the BIOS indicates that we don't have that
+                 * much data, we don't infer anything from the SMBIOS. */
+                log_debug("Only read %zu bytes from /sys/firmware/dmi/entries/0-0/raw (expected 20). "
+                          "Using the virtualization information found in DMI vendor table.", readsize);
+                return SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t byte = (uint8_t) s[19];
+        if (byte & (1U<<4)) {
+                log_debug("DMI BIOS Extension table indicates virtualization.");
+                return SMBIOS_VM_BIT_SET;
+        }
+        log_debug("DMI BIOS Extension table does not indicate virtualization.");
+        return SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNSET;
+}
+#endif /* defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__loongarch64) */
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_dmi(void) {
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__loongarch64)
+
+        int r;
+        r = detect_vm_dmi_vendor();
+
+        /* The DMI vendor tables in /sys/class/dmi/id don't help us distinguish between Amazon EC2
+         * virtual machines and bare-metal instances, so we need to look at SMBIOS. */
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON) {
+                switch (detect_vm_smbios()) {
+                case SMBIOS_VM_BIT_SET:
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON;
+                case SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNSET:
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                case SMBIOS_VM_BIT_UNKNOWN: {
+                        /* The DMI information we are after is only accessible to the root user,
+                         * so we fallback to using the product name which is less restricted
+                         * to distinguish metal systems from virtualized instances */
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+                        const char *e;
+
+                        r = read_full_virtual_file("/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name", &s, NULL);
+                        /* In EC2, virtualized is much more common than metal, so if for some reason
+                         * we fail to read the DMI data, assume we are virtualized. */
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Can't read /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name,"
+                                                " assuming virtualized: %m");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON;
+                        }
+                        e = strstrafter(truncate_nl(s), ".metal");
+                        if (e && IN_SET(*e, 0, '-')) {
+                                log_debug("DMI product name has '.metal', assuming no virtualization");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                        } else
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON;
+                }
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached();
+              }
+        }
+
+        /* If we haven't identified a VM, but the firmware indicates that there is one, indicate as much. We
+         * have no further information about what it is. */
+        if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE && detect_vm_smbios() == SMBIOS_VM_BIT_SET)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+        return r;
+#else
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+#endif
+}
+
+#define XENFEAT_dom0 11 /* xen/include/public/features.h */
+#define PATH_FEATURES "/sys/hypervisor/properties/features"
+/* Returns -errno, or 0 for domU, or 1 for dom0 */
+static int detect_vm_xen_dom0(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *domcap = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file(PATH_FEATURES, &domcap);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                unsigned long features;
+
+                /* Here, we need to use sscanf() instead of safe_atoul()
+                 * as the string lacks the leading "0x". */
+                r = sscanf(domcap, "%lx", &features);
+                if (r == 1) {
+                        r = !!(features & (1U << XENFEAT_dom0));
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s with value %08lx, "
+                                  "XENFEAT_dom0 (indicating the 'hardware domain') is%s set.",
+                                  PATH_FEATURES, features, r ? "" : " not");
+                        return r;
+                }
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s, unhandled content '%s'",
+                          PATH_FEATURES, domcap);
+        }
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/xen/capabilities", &domcap);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN because /proc/xen/capabilities does not exist");
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (const char *i = domcap;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *cap = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&i, &cap, ",", 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN DomU found (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (streq(cap, "control_d")) {
+                        log_debug("Virtualization XEN Dom0 ignored (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_xen(void) {
+        /* The presence of /proc/xen indicates some form of a Xen domain
+           The check for Dom0 is handled outside this function */
+        if (access("/proc/xen", F_OK) < 0) {
+                log_debug("Virtualization XEN not found, /proc/xen does not exist");
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        }
+        log_debug("Virtualization XEN found (/proc/xen exists)");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_hypervisor(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/sys/hypervisor/type", &hvtype);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /sys/hypervisor/type", hvtype);
+
+        if (streq(hvtype, "xen"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_uml(void) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Detect User-Mode Linux by reading /proc/cpuinfo */
+        f = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        log_debug("/proc/cpuinfo not found, assuming no UML virtualization.");
+                        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                }
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+                const char *t;
+
+                r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                t = startswith(line, "vendor_id\t: ");
+                if (t) {
+                        if (startswith(t, "User Mode Linux")) {
+                                log_debug("UML virtualization found in /proc/cpuinfo");
+                                return VIRTUALIZATION_UML;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        log_debug("UML virtualization not found in /proc/cpuinfo.");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_vm_zvm(void) {
+
+#if defined(__s390__)
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = get_proc_field("/proc/sysinfo", "VM00 Control Program", WHITESPACE, &t);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/sysinfo", t);
+        if (streq(t, "z/VM"))
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM;
+        else
+                return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
+#else
+        log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/sysinfo");
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
+Virtualization detect_vm(void) {
+        static thread_local Virtualization cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
+        bool other = false;
+        int xen_dom0 = 0;
+        Virtualization v, dmi;
+
+        if (cached_found >= 0)
+                return cached_found;
+
+        /* We have to use the correct order here:
+         *
+         * → First, try to detect Oracle Virtualbox, Amazon EC2 Nitro, and Parallels, even if they use KVM,
+         *   as well as Xen even if it cloaks as Microsoft Hyper-V. Attempt to detect uml at this stage also
+         *   since it runs as a user-process nested inside other VMs. Also check for Xen now, because Xen PV
+         *   mode does not override CPUID when nested inside another hypervisor.
+         *
+         * → Second, try to detect from CPUID, this will report KVM for whatever software is used even if
+         *   info in DMI is overwritten.
+         *
+         * → Third, try to detect from DMI. */
+
+        dmi = detect_vm_dmi();
+        if (IN_SET(dmi,
+                   VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE,
+                   VIRTUALIZATION_XEN,
+                   VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON,
+                   VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS)) {
+                v = dmi;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Detect UML */
+        v = detect_vm_uml();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* Detect Xen */
+        v = detect_vm_xen();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_XEN) {
+                 /* If we are Dom0, then we expect to not report as a VM. However, as we might be nested
+                  * inside another hypervisor which can be detected via the CPUID check, wait to report this
+                  * until after the CPUID check. */
+                xen_dom0 = detect_vm_xen_dom0();
+                if (xen_dom0 < 0)
+                        return xen_dom0;
+                if (xen_dom0 == 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                v = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        } else if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                assert_not_reached();
+
+        /* Detect from CPUID */
+        v = detect_vm_cpuid();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* If we are in Dom0 and have not yet finished, finish with the result of detect_vm_cpuid */
+        if (xen_dom0 > 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* Now, let's get back to DMI */
+        if (dmi < 0)
+                return dmi;
+        if (dmi == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (dmi != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE) {
+                v = dmi;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Check high-level hypervisor sysfs file */
+        v = detect_vm_hypervisor();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        v = detect_vm_device_tree();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
+                other = true;
+        else if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        v = detect_vm_zvm();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+
+finish:
+        if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE && other)
+                v = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
+
+        cached_found = v;
+        log_debug("Found VM virtualization %s", virtualization_to_string(v));
+        return v;
+}
+
+static const char *const container_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC]            = "lxc",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT]    = "lxc-libvirt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN] = "systemd-nspawn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER]         = "docker",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN]         = "podman",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT]            = "rkt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL]            = "wsl",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT]          = "proot",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POUCH]          = "pouch",
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(container, int);
+
+static int running_in_cgroupns(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!cg_ns_supported())
+                return false;
+
+        r = cg_all_unified();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (r) {
+                /* cgroup v2 */
+
+                r = access("/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.events", F_OK);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+                        /* All kernel versions have cgroup.events in nested cgroups. */
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                /* There's no cgroup.type in the root cgroup, and future kernel versions
+                 * are unlikely to add it since cgroup.type is something that makes no sense
+                 * whatsoever in the root cgroup. */
+                r = access("/sys/fs/cgroup/cgroup.type", F_OK);
+                if (r == 0)
+                        return true;
+                if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                /* On older kernel versions, there's no cgroup.type */
+                r = access("/sys/kernel/cgroup/features", F_OK);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+                        /* This is an old kernel that we know for sure has cgroup.events
+                         * only in nested cgroups. */
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /* This is a recent kernel, and cgroup.type doesn't exist, so we must be
+                 * in the root cgroup. */
+                return false;
+        } else {
+                /* cgroup v1 */
+
+                /* If systemd controller is not mounted, do not even bother. */
+                r = access("/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd", F_OK);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                /* release_agent only exists in the root cgroup. */
+                r = access("/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/release_agent", F_OK);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+        }
+}
+
+static Virtualization detect_container_files(void) {
+        static const struct {
+                const char *file_path;
+                Virtualization id;
+        } container_file_table[] = {
+                /* https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/6192 */
+                /* https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/3586#issuecomment-661918679 */
+                { "/run/.containerenv", VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN },
+                /* https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/18355 */
+                /* Docker must be the last in this table, see below. */
+                { "/.dockerenv",        VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER },
+        };
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(container_file_table); i++) {
+                if (access(container_file_table[i].file_path, F_OK) >= 0)
+                        return container_file_table[i].id;
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno,
+                                        "Checking if %s exists failed, ignoring: %m",
+                                        container_file_table[i].file_path);
+        }
+
+        return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+}
+
+Virtualization detect_container(void) {
+        static thread_local Virtualization cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL, *o = NULL, *p = NULL;
+        const char *e = NULL;
+        Virtualization v;
+        int r;
+
+        if (cached_found >= 0)
+                return cached_found;
+
+        /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container, /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
+        if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check if /proc/vz exists, ignoring: %m");
+        } else if (access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        v = VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to check if /proc/bc exists, ignoring: %m");
+        }
+
+        /* "Official" way of detecting WSL https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/423#issuecomment-221627364 */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease", &o);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease, ignoring: %m");
+        else if (strstr(o, "Microsoft") || strstr(o, "WSL")) {
+                v = VIRTUALIZATION_WSL;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* proot doesn't use PID namespacing, so we can just check if we have a matching tracer for this
+         * invocation without worrying about it being elsewhere.
+         */
+        r = get_proc_field("/proc/self/status", "TracerPid", WHITESPACE, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read our own trace PID, ignoring: %m");
+        else if (!streq(p, "0")) {
+                pid_t ptrace_pid;
+
+                r = parse_pid(p, &ptrace_pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse our own tracer PID, ignoring: %m");
+                else {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *ptrace_comm = NULL;
+                        const char *pf;
+
+                        pf = procfs_file_alloca(ptrace_pid, "comm");
+                        r = read_one_line_file(pf, &ptrace_comm);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read %s, ignoring: %m", pf);
+                        else if (startswith(ptrace_comm, "proot")) {
+                                v = VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* The container manager might have placed this in the /run/host/ hierarchy for us, which is best
+         * because we can be consumed just like that, without special privileges. */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/run/host/container-manager", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/host/container-manager: %m");
+
+        if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
+                /* If we are PID 1 we can just check our own environment variable, and that's authoritative.
+                 * We distinguish three cases:
+                 * - the variable is not defined → we jump to other checks
+                 * - the variable is defined to an empty value → we are not in a container
+                 * - anything else → some container, either one of the known ones or "container-other"
+                 */
+                e = getenv("container");
+                if (!e)
+                        goto check_files;
+                if (isempty(e)) {
+                        v = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+
+        /* Otherwise, PID 1 might have dropped this information into a file in /run. This is better than accessing
+         * /proc/1/environ, since we don't need CAP_SYS_PTRACE for that. */
+        r = read_one_line_file("/run/systemd/container", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
+                return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/systemd/container: %m");
+
+        /* Fallback for cases where PID 1 was not systemd (for example, cases where init=/bin/sh is used. */
+        r = getenv_for_pid(1, "container", &m);
+        if (r > 0) {
+                e = m;
+                goto translate_name;
+        }
+        if (r < 0) /* This only works if we have CAP_SYS_PTRACE, hence let's better ignore failures here */
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read $container of PID 1, ignoring: %m");
+
+check_files:
+        /* Check for existence of some well-known files. We only do this after checking
+         * for other specific container managers, otherwise we risk mistaking another
+         * container manager for Docker: the /.dockerenv file could inadvertently end up
+         * in a file system image. */
+        v = detect_container_files();
+        if (v < 0)
+                return v;
+        if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = running_in_cgroupns();
+        if (r > 0) {
+                v = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to detect cgroup namespace: %m");
+
+        /* If none of that worked, give up, assume no container manager. */
+        v = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
+        goto finish;
+
+translate_name:
+        if (streq(e, "oci")) {
+                /* Some images hardcode container=oci, but OCI is not a specific container manager.
+                 * Try to detect one based on well-known files. */
+                v = detect_container_files();
+                if (v == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                        v = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        v = container_from_string(e);
+        if (v < 0)
+                v = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
+
+finish:
+        log_debug("Found container virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(v));
+        cached_found = v;
+        return v;
+}
+
+Virtualization detect_virtualization(void) {
+        int v;
+
+        v = detect_container();
+        if (v != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
+                return v;
+
+        return detect_vm();
+}
+
+static int userns_has_mapping(const char *name) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        uid_t a, b, c;
+        int r;
+
+        f = fopen(name, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", name);
+                return errno == ENOENT ? false : -errno;
+        }
+
+        errno = 0;
+        r = fscanf(f, UID_FMT " " UID_FMT " " UID_FMT "\n", &a, &b, &c);
+        if (r == EOF) {
+                if (ferror(f))
+                        return log_debug_errno(errno_or_else(EIO), "Failed to read %s: %m", name);
+
+                log_debug("%s is empty, we're in an uninitialized user namespace", name);
+                return true;
+        }
+        if (r != 3)
+                return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADMSG), "Failed to parse %s: %m", name);
+
+        if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == UINT32_MAX) {
+                /* The kernel calls mappings_overlap() and does not allow overlaps */
+                log_debug("%s has a full 1:1 mapping", name);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        /* Anything else implies that we are in a user namespace */
+        log_debug("Mapping found in %s, we're in a user namespace", name);
+        return true;
+}
+
+int running_in_userns(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/uid_map");
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/gid_map");
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* "setgroups" file was added in kernel v3.18-rc6-15-g9cc46516dd. It is also possible to compile a
+         * kernel without CONFIG_USER_NS, in which case "setgroups" also does not exist. We cannot
+         * distinguish those two cases, so assume that we're running on a stripped-down recent kernel, rather
+         * than on an old one, and if the file is not found, return false. */
+        r = read_virtual_file("/proc/self/setgroups", SIZE_MAX, &line, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug_errno(r, "/proc/self/setgroups: %m");
+                return r == -ENOENT ? false : r;
+        }
+
+        strstrip(line); /* remove trailing newline */
+
+        r = streq(line, "deny");
+        /* See user_namespaces(7) for a description of this "setgroups" contents. */
+        log_debug("/proc/self/setgroups contains \"%s\", %s user namespace", line, r ? "in" : "not in");
+        return r;
+}
+
+int running_in_chroot(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT") > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/", 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return r == 0;
+}
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+struct cpuid_table_entry {
+        uint32_t flag_bit;
+        const char *name;
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf1_edx[] = {
+        {  0, "fpu"     },
+        {  1, "vme"     },
+        {  2, "de"      },
+        {  3, "pse"     },
+        {  4, "tsc"     },
+        {  5, "msr"     },
+        {  6, "pae"     },
+        {  7, "mce"     },
+        {  8, "cx8"     },
+        {  9, "apic"    },
+        { 11, "sep"     },
+        { 12, "mtrr"    },
+        { 13, "pge"     },
+        { 14, "mca"     },
+        { 15, "cmov"    },
+        { 16, "pat"     },
+        { 17, "pse36"   },
+        { 19, "clflush" },
+        { 23, "mmx"     },
+        { 24, "fxsr"    },
+        { 25, "sse"     },
+        { 26, "sse2"    },
+        { 28, "ht"      },
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf1_ecx[] = {
+        {  0, "pni"     },
+        {  1, "pclmul"  },
+        {  3, "monitor" },
+        {  9, "ssse3"   },
+        { 12, "fma3"    },
+        { 13, "cx16"    },
+        { 19, "sse4_1"  },
+        { 20, "sse4_2"  },
+        { 22, "movbe"   },
+        { 23, "popcnt"  },
+        { 25, "aes"     },
+        { 26, "xsave"   },
+        { 27, "osxsave" },
+        { 28, "avx"     },
+        { 29, "f16c"    },
+        { 30, "rdrand"  },
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf7_ebx[] = {
+        {  3, "bmi1"   },
+        {  5, "avx2"   },
+        {  8, "bmi2"   },
+        { 18, "rdseed" },
+        { 19, "adx"    },
+        { 29, "sha_ni" },
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf81_edx[] = {
+        { 11, "syscall" },
+        { 27, "rdtscp"  },
+        { 29, "lm"      },
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf81_ecx[] = {
+        {  0, "lahf_lm" },
+        {  5, "abm"     },
+};
+
+static const struct cpuid_table_entry leaf87_edx[] = {
+        {  8, "constant_tsc" },
+};
+
+static bool given_flag_in_set(const char *flag, const struct cpuid_table_entry *set, size_t set_size, uint32_t val) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < set_size; i++) {
+                if ((UINT32_C(1) << set[i].flag_bit) & val &&
+                                streq(flag, set[i].name))
+                        return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+}
+
+static bool real_has_cpu_with_flag(const char *flag) {
+        uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+
+        if (__get_cpuid(1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx)) {
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf1_ecx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf1_ecx), ecx))
+                        return true;
+
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf1_edx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf1_edx), edx))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        if (__get_cpuid_count(7, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx)) {
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf7_ebx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf7_ebx), ebx))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        if (__get_cpuid(0x80000001U, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx)) {
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf81_ecx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf81_ecx), ecx))
+                        return true;
+
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf81_edx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf81_edx), edx))
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        if (__get_cpuid(0x80000007U, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx))
+                if (given_flag_in_set(flag, leaf87_edx, ELEMENTSOF(leaf87_edx), edx))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+bool has_cpu_with_flag(const char *flag) {
+        /* CPUID is an x86 specific interface. Assume on all others that no CPUs have those flags. */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        return real_has_cpu_with_flag(flag);
+#else
+        return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+static const char *const virtualization_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_NONE]            = "none",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM]             = "kvm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON]          = "amazon",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU]            = "qemu",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS]           = "bochs",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_XEN]             = "xen",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_UML]             = "uml",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE]          = "vmware",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE]          = "oracle",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT]       = "microsoft",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM]             = "zvm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS]       = "parallels",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE]           = "bhyve",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_QNX]             = "qnx",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN]            = "acrn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POWERVM]         = "powervm",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_APPLE]           = "apple",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_SRE]             = "sre",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_GOOGLE]          = "google",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER]        = "vm-other",
+
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN]  = "systemd-nspawn",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT]     = "lxc-libvirt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC]             = "lxc",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ]          = "openvz",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER]          = "docker",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN]          = "podman",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT]             = "rkt",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL]             = "wsl",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT]           = "proot",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_POUCH]           = "pouch",
+        [VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER] = "container-other",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(virtualization, Virtualization);
diff --git a/src/basic/virt.h b/src/basic/virt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dea39e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/virt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "errno-list.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+typedef enum Virtualization {
+        VIRTUALIZATION_NONE = 0,
+
+        VIRTUALIZATION_VM_FIRST,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_KVM = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_FIRST,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_AMAZON,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_XEN,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_UML,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_QNX,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_POWERVM,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_APPLE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_SRE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_GOOGLE,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_VM_LAST = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER,
+
+        VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_FIRST,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_FIRST,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_LXC,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_RKT,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_WSL,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_PROOT,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_POUCH,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER,
+        VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_LAST = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER,
+
+        _VIRTUALIZATION_MAX,
+        _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID = -EINVAL,
+        _VIRTUALIZATION_ERRNO_MAX = -ERRNO_MAX, /* ensure full range of errno fits into this enum */
+} Virtualization;
+
+static inline bool VIRTUALIZATION_IS_VM(Virtualization x) {
+        return x >= VIRTUALIZATION_VM_FIRST && x <= VIRTUALIZATION_VM_LAST;
+}
+
+static inline bool VIRTUALIZATION_IS_CONTAINER(Virtualization x) {
+        return x >= VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_FIRST && x <= VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_LAST;
+}
+
+Virtualization detect_vm(void);
+Virtualization detect_container(void);
+Virtualization detect_virtualization(void);
+
+int running_in_userns(void);
+int running_in_chroot(void);
+
+const char *virtualization_to_string(Virtualization v) _const_;
+Virtualization virtualization_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+bool has_cpu_with_flag(const char *flag);
diff --git a/src/basic/xattr-util.c b/src/basic/xattr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b661d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/xattr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "errno-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing_syscall.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "time-util.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
+
+int getxattr_at_malloc(
+                int fd,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *name,
+                int flags,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+        unsigned n_attempts = 7;
+        bool by_procfs = false;
+        size_t l = 100;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0 || fd == AT_FDCWD);
+        assert(name);
+        assert((flags & ~(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW|AT_EMPTY_PATH)) == 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* So, this is single function that does what getxattr()/lgetxattr()/fgetxattr() does, but in one go,
+         * and with additional bells and whistles. Specifically:
+         *
+         * 1. This works on O_PATH fds (which fgetxattr() does not)
+         * 2. Provides full openat()-style semantics, i.e. by-fd, by-path and combination thereof
+         * 3. As extension to openat()-style semantics implies AT_EMPTY_PATH if path is NULL.
+         * 4. Does a malloc() loop, automatically sizing the allocation
+         * 5. NUL-terminates the returned buffer (for safety)
+         */
+
+        if (!path) /* If path is NULL, imply AT_EMPTY_PATH. – But if it's "", don't — for safety reasons. */
+                flags |= AT_EMPTY_PATH;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_EMPTY_PATH))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (fd == AT_FDCWD) /* Both unspecified? Then operate on current working directory */
+                        path = ".";
+                else
+                        path = NULL;
+
+        } else if (fd != AT_FDCWD) {
+
+                /* If both have been specified, then we go via O_PATH */
+                opened_fd = openat(fd, path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|(FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? 0 : O_NOFOLLOW));
+                if (opened_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                fd = opened_fd;
+                path = NULL;
+                by_procfs = true; /* fgetxattr() is not going to work, go via /proc/ link right-away */
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                if (n_attempts == 0) /* If someone is racing against us, give up eventually */
+                        return -EBUSY;
+                n_attempts--;
+
+                v = new0(char, l+1);
+                if (!v)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l = MALLOC_ELEMENTSOF(v) - 1;
+
+                if (path)
+                        n = FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? getxattr(path, name, v, l) : lgetxattr(path, name, v, l);
+                else
+                        n = by_procfs ? getxattr(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), name, v, l) : fgetxattr(fd, name, v, l);
+                if (n < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EBADF) {
+                                if (by_procfs || path)
+                                        return -EBADF;
+
+                                by_procfs = true; /* Might be an O_PATH fd, try again via /proc/ link */
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (errno != ERANGE)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else {
+                        v[n] = 0; /* NUL terminate */
+                        *ret = TAKE_PTR(v);
+                        return (int) n;
+                }
+
+                if (path)
+                        n = FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? getxattr(path, name, NULL, 0) : lgetxattr(path, name, NULL, 0);
+                else
+                        n = by_procfs ? getxattr(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), name, NULL, 0) : fgetxattr(fd, name, NULL, 0);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (n > INT_MAX) /* We couldn't return this as 'int' anymore */
+                        return -E2BIG;
+
+                l = (size_t) n;
+        }
+}
+
+static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
+        uint64_t u;
+
+        assert(usec);
+
+        u = le64toh(le);
+        if (IN_SET(u, 0, UINT64_MAX))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *usec = (usec_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_getcrtime_at(
+                int fd,
+                const char *path,
+                int flags,
+                usec_t *ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ le64_t *le = NULL;
+        STRUCT_STATX_DEFINE(sx);
+        usec_t a, b;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0 || fd == AT_FDCWD);
+        assert((flags & ~(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW|AT_EMPTY_PATH)) == 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!path)
+                flags |= AT_EMPTY_PATH;
+
+        /* So here's the deal: the creation/birth time (crtime/btime) of a file is a relatively newly supported concept
+         * on Linux (or more strictly speaking: a concept that only recently got supported in the API, it was
+         * implemented on various file systems on the lower level since a while, but never was accessible). However, we
+         * needed a concept like that for vaccuuming algorithms and such, hence we emulated it via a user xattr for a
+         * long time. Starting with Linux 4.11 there's statx() which exposes the timestamp to userspace for the first
+         * time, where it is available. Thius function will read it, but it tries to keep some compatibility with older
+         * systems: we try to read both the crtime/btime and the xattr, and then use whatever is older. After all the
+         * concept is useful for determining how "old" a file really is, and hence using the older of the two makes
+         * most sense. */
+
+        if (statx(fd, strempty(path),
+                  (flags & ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW)|(FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? 0 : AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)|AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC,
+                  STATX_BTIME,
+                  &sx) >= 0 &&
+            (sx.stx_mask & STATX_BTIME) &&
+            sx.stx_btime.tv_sec != 0)
+                a = (usec_t) sx.stx_btime.tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
+                        (usec_t) sx.stx_btime.tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
+        else
+                a = USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        r = getxattr_at_malloc(fd, path, "user.crtime_usec", flags, (char**) &le);
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                if (r != sizeof(*le))
+                        r = -EIO;
+                else
+                        r = parse_crtime(*le, &b);
+        }
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (a != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                        *ret = a;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (a != USEC_INFINITY)
+                *ret = MIN(a, b);
+        else
+                *ret = b;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
+        le64_t le;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (!timestamp_is_set(usec))
+                usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
+        return RET_NERRNO(fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0));
+}
+
+int listxattr_at_malloc(
+                int fd,
+                const char *path,
+                int flags,
+                char **ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int opened_fd = -1;
+        bool by_procfs = false;
+        unsigned n_attempts = 7;
+        size_t l = 100;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0 || fd == AT_FDCWD);
+        assert((flags & ~(AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW|AT_EMPTY_PATH)) == 0);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* This is to listxattr()/llistattr()/flistattr() what getxattr_at_malloc() is to getxattr()/… */
+
+        if (!path) /* If path is NULL, imply AT_EMPTY_PATH. – But if it's "", don't. */
+                flags |= AT_EMPTY_PATH;
+
+        if (isempty(path)) {
+                if (!FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_EMPTY_PATH))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (fd == AT_FDCWD) /* Both unspecified? Then operate on current working directory */
+                        path = ".";
+                else
+                        path = NULL;
+
+        } else if (fd != AT_FDCWD) {
+                /* If both have been specified, then we go via O_PATH */
+                opened_fd = openat(fd, path, O_PATH|O_CLOEXEC|(FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? 0 : O_NOFOLLOW));
+                if (opened_fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                fd = opened_fd;
+                path = NULL;
+                by_procfs = true;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                if (n_attempts == 0) /* If someone is racing against us, give up eventually */
+                        return -EBUSY;
+                n_attempts--;
+
+                v = new(char, l+1);
+                if (!v)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l = MALLOC_ELEMENTSOF(v) - 1;
+
+                if (path)
+                        n = FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? listxattr(path, v, l) : llistxattr(path, v, l);
+                else
+                        n = by_procfs ? listxattr(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), v, l) : flistxattr(fd, v, l);
+                if (n < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EBADF) {
+                                if (by_procfs || path)
+                                        return -EBADF;
+
+                                by_procfs = true; /* Might be an O_PATH fd, try again via /proc/ link */
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (errno != ERANGE)
+                                return -errno;
+                } else {
+                        v[n] = 0; /* NUL terminate */
+                        *ret = TAKE_PTR(v);
+                        return (int) n;
+                }
+
+                if (path)
+                        n = FLAGS_SET(flags, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) ? listxattr(path, NULL, 0) : llistxattr(path, NULL, 0);
+                else
+                        n = by_procfs ? listxattr(FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(fd), NULL, 0) : flistxattr(fd, NULL, 0);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (n > INT_MAX) /* We couldn't return this as 'int' anymore */
+                        return -E2BIG;
+
+                l = (size_t) n;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/xattr-util.h b/src/basic/xattr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eb745a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/xattr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int getxattr_at_malloc(int fd, const char *path, const char *name, int flags, char **ret);
+static inline int getxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **ret) {
+        return getxattr_at_malloc(AT_FDCWD, path, name, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, ret);
+}
+static inline int lgetxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **ret) {
+        return getxattr_at_malloc(AT_FDCWD, path, name, 0, ret);
+}
+static inline int fgetxattr_malloc(int fd, const char *name, char **ret) {
+        return getxattr_at_malloc(fd, NULL, name, AT_EMPTY_PATH, ret);
+}
+
+int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec);
+
+int fd_getcrtime_at(int fd, const char *name, int flags, usec_t *ret);
+static inline int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *ret) {
+        return fd_getcrtime_at(fd, NULL, 0, ret);
+}
+
+
+int listxattr_at_malloc(int fd, const char *path, int flags, char **ret);
+static inline int listxattr_malloc(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        return listxattr_at_malloc(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW, ret);
+}
+static inline int llistxattr_malloc(const char *path, char **ret) {
+        return listxattr_at_malloc(AT_FDCWD, path, 0, ret);
+}
+static inline int flistxattr_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
+        return listxattr_at_malloc(fd, NULL, AT_EMPTY_PATH, ret);
+}