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diff --git a/runtime/tutor/tutor.utf-8 b/runtime/tutor/tutor.utf-8 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3df15f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/tutor/tutor.utf-8 @@ -0,0 +1,972 @@ +=============================================================================== += W e l c o m e t o t h e V I M T u t o r - Version 1.7 = +=============================================================================== + + Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to + explain in a tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe + enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as + an all-purpose editor. + + The approximate time required to complete the tutor is 30 minutes, + depending upon how much time is spent with experimentation. + + ATTENTION: + The commands in the lessons will modify the text. Make a copy of this + file to practice on (if you started "vimtutor" this is already a copy). + + It is important to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by + use. That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them + properly. If you only read the text, you will forget the commands! + + Now, make sure that your Caps-Lock key is NOT depressed and press + the j key enough times to move the cursor so that lesson 1.1 + completely fills the screen. +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR + + + ** To move the cursor, press the h,j,k,l keys as indicated. ** + ^ + k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left. + < h l > The l key is at the right and moves right. + j The j key looks like a down arrow. + v + 1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable. + + 2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats. + Now you know how to move to the next lesson. + + 3. Using the down key, move to lesson 1.2. + +NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <ESC> to place + you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted. + +NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to + move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really! + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM + + + !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!! + + 1. Press the <ESC> key (to make sure you are in Normal mode). + + 2. Type: :q! <ENTER>. + This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made. + + 3. Get back here by executing the command that got you into this tutor. That + might be: vimtutor <ENTER> + + 4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps + 1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor. + +NOTE: :q! <ENTER> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you + will learn how to save the changes to a file. + + 5. Move the cursor down to lesson 1.3. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION + + + ** Press x to delete the character under the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. + + 2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the + character to be deleted. + + 3. Press the x key to delete the unwanted character. + + 4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct. + +---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. + + 5. Now that the line is correct, go on to lesson 1.4. + +NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage. + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING - INSERTION + + + ** Press i to insert text. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top + of the character BEFORE which the text is to be inserted. + + 3. Press i and type in the necessary additions. + + 4. As each error is fixed press <ESC> to return to Normal mode. + Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence. + +---> There is text misng this . +---> There is some text missing from this line. + + 5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5. + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING - APPENDING + + + ** Press A to append text. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line. + + 2. Press A and type in the necessary additions. + + 3. As the text has been appended press <ESC> to return to Normal mode. + + 4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat + steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence. + +---> There is some text missing from th + There is some text missing from this line. +---> There is also some text miss + There is also some text missing here. + + 5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE + + ** Use :wq to save a file and exit. ** + + !! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson!! + + 1. If you have access to another terminal, do the following there. + Otherwise, exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q! + + 2. At the shell prompt type this command: vim file.txt <ENTER> + 'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'file.txt' is the name of + the file you wish to edit. Use the name of a file that you can change. + + 3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons. + + 4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with: :wq <ENTER> + + 5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to + the following summary. + + 6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 1 SUMMARY + + + 1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys. + h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right) + + 2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER> + + 3. To exit Vim type: <ESC> :q! <ENTER> to trash all changes. + OR type: <ESC> :wq <ENTER> to save the changes. + + 4. To delete the character at the cursor type: x + + 5. To insert or append text type: + i type inserted text <ESC> insert before the cursor + A type appended text <ESC> append after the line + +NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place you in Normal mode or will cancel + an unwanted and partially completed command. + +Now continue with lesson 2. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS + + + ** Type dw to delete a word. ** + + 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode. + + 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. + + 3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted. + + 4. Type dw to make the word disappear. + + NOTE: The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type + it. Vim is waiting for you to type w . If you see another character + than d you typed something wrong; press <ESC> and start over. + +---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. + + 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to lesson 2.2. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS + + + ** Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. ** + + 1. Press <ESC> to make sure you are in Normal mode. + + 2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. + + 3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ). + + 4. Type d$ to delete to the end of the line. + +---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. + + + 5. Move on to lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening. + + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS + + + Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion. + The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows: + + d motion + + Where: + d - is the delete operator. + motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below). + + A short list of motions: + w - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character. + e - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character. + $ - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character. + + Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word. + +NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will + move the cursor as specified. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION + + + ** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->. + + 2. Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward. + + 3. Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward. + + 4. Type 0 (zero) to move to the start of the line. + + 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers. + +---> This is just a line with words you can move around in. + + 6. Move on to lesson 2.5. + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE + + + ** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. ** + + In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you + insert a count before the motion to delete more: + d number motion + + 1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->. + + 2. Type d2w to delete the two UPPER CASE words. + + 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive + UPPER CASE words with one command. + +---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up. + + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES + + + ** Type dd to delete a whole line. ** + + Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided + it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line. + + 1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below. + 2. Type dd to delete the line. + 3. Now move to the fourth line. + 4. Type 2dd to delete two lines. + +---> 1) Roses are red, +---> 2) Mud is fun, +---> 3) Violets are blue, +---> 4) I have a car, +---> 5) Clocks tell time, +---> 6) Sugar is sweet +---> 7) And so are you. + +Doubling to operate on a line also works for operators mentioned below. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND + + + ** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the + first error. + 2. Type x to delete the first unwanted character. + 3. Now type u to undo the last command executed. + 4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the x command. + 5. Now type a capital U to return the line to its original state. + 6. Now type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands. + 7. Now type CTRL-R (keeping CTRL key pressed while hitting R) a few times + to redo the commands (undo the undos). + +---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. + + 8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the lesson 2 Summary. + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 2 SUMMARY + + 1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: dw + 2. To delete from the cursor up to the end of the word type: de + 3. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: d$ + 4. To delete a whole line type: dd + + 5. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: 2w + 6. The format for a change command is: + operator [number] motion + where: + operator - is what to do, such as d for delete + [number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion + motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as w (word), + e (end of word), $ (end of the line), etc. + + 7. To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0 + + 8. To undo previous actions, type: u (lowercase u) + To undo all the changes on a line, type: U (capital U) + To undo the undos, type: CTRL-R + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND + + + ** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 2. Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register. + + 3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go. + + 4. Type p to put the line below the cursor. + + 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order. + +---> d) Can you learn too? +---> b) Violets are blue, +---> c) Intelligence is learned, +---> a) Roses are red, + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND + + + ** Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x . ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error. + + 3. Type r and then the character which should be there. + + 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one. + +---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! +---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! + + 5. Now move on to lesson 3.3. + +NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization. + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR + + + ** To change until the end of a word, type ce . ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 2. Place the cursor on the u in lubw. + + 3. Type ce and the correct word (in this case, type ine ). + + 4. Press <ESC> and move to the next character that needs to be changed. + + 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second. + +---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator. +---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator. + +Notice that ce deletes the word and places you in Insert mode. + cc does the same for the whole line. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c + + + ** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. ** + + 1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is: + + c [number] motion + + 2. The motions are the same, such as w (word) and $ (end of line). + + 3. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 4. Move the cursor to the first error. + + 5. Type c$ and type the rest of the line like the second and press <ESC>. + +---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. +---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command. + +NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 3 SUMMARY + + + 1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type p . This puts the + deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the + line below the cursor). + + 2. To replace the character under the cursor, type r and then the + character you want to have there. + + 3. The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the + motion takes you. eg. Type ce to change from the cursor to the end of + the word, c$ to change to the end of a line. + + 4. The format for change is: + + c [number] motion + +Now go on to the next lesson. + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS + + ** Type CTRL-G to show your location in the file and the file status. + Type G to move to a line in the file. ** + + NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!! + + 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and press g . We call this CTRL-G. + A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the + position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3. + +NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen + This happens when the 'ruler' option is set (see :help 'ruler' ) + + 2. Press G to move you to the bottom of the file. + Type gg to move you to the start of the file. + + 3. Type the number of the line you were on and then G . This will + return you to the line you were on when you first pressed CTRL-G. + + 4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND + + + ** Type / followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. ** + + 1. In Normal mode type the / character. Notice that it and the cursor + appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command. + + 2. Now type 'errroor' <ENTER>. This is the word you want to search for. + + 3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type n . + To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type N . + + 4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use ? instead of / . + + 5. To go back to where you came from press CTRL-O (Keep Ctrl down while + pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. CTRL-I goes forward. + +---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. +NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the + start, unless the 'wrapscan' option has been reset. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH + + + ** Type % to find a matching ),], or } . ** + + 1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->. + + 2. Now type the % character. + + 3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket. + + 4. Type % to move the cursor to the other matching bracket. + + 5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what % does. + +---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) + + +NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses! + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND + + + ** Type :s/old/new/g to substitute 'new' for 'old'. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->. + + 2. Type :s/thee/the <ENTER> . Note that this command only changes the + first occurrence of "thee" in the line. + + 3. Now type :s/thee/the/g . Adding the g flag means to substitute + globally in the line, change all occurrences of "thee" in the line. + +---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. + + 4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, + type :#,#s/old/new/g where #,# are the line numbers of the range + of lines where the substitution is to be done. + Type :%s/old/new/g to change every occurrence in the whole file. + Type :%s/old/new/gc to find every occurrence in the whole file, + with a prompt whether to substitute or not. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 4 SUMMARY + + + 1. CTRL-G displays your location in the file and the file status. + G moves to the end of the file. + number G moves to that line number. + gg moves to the first line. + + 2. Typing / followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase. + Typing ? followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase. + After a search type n to find the next occurrence in the same direction + or N to search in the opposite direction. + CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions. + + 3. Typing % while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match. + + 4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type :s/old/new + To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type :s/old/new/g + To substitute phrases between two line #'s type :#,#s/old/new/g + To substitute all occurrences in the file type :%s/old/new/g + To ask for confirmation each time add 'c' :%s/old/new/gc + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND + + + ** Type :! followed by an external command to execute that command. ** + + 1. Type the familiar command : to set the cursor at the bottom of the + screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command. + + 2. Now type the ! (exclamation point) character. This allows you to + execute any external shell command. + + 3. As an example type ls following the ! and then hit <ENTER>. This + will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the + shell prompt. Or use :!dir if ls doesn't work. + +NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with + arguments. + +NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <ENTER> + From here on we will not always mention it. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES + + + ** To save the changes made to the text, type :w FILENAME ** + + 1. Type :!dir or :!ls to get a listing of your directory. + You already know you must hit <ENTER> after this. + + 2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST. + + 3. Now type: :w TEST (where TEST is the filename you chose.) + + 4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST. + To verify this, type :!dir or :!ls again to see your directory. + +NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file + would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it. + + 5. Now remove the file by typing (Windows): :!del TEST + or (Unix): :!rm TEST + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE + + + ** To save part of the file, type v motion :w FILENAME ** + + 1. Move the cursor to this line. + + 2. Press v and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the + text is highlighted. + + 3. Press the : character. At the bottom of the screen :'<,'> will appear. + + 4. Type w TEST , where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify + that you see :'<,'>w TEST before you press <ENTER>. + + 5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use :!dir or :!ls + to see it. Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson. + +NOTE: Pressing v starts Visual selection. You can move the cursor around + to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can use an operator + to do something with the text. For example, d deletes the text. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES + + + ** To insert the contents of a file, type :r FILENAME ** + + 1. Place the cursor just above this line. + +NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from lesson 5.3. Then move + DOWN to see this lesson again. + + 2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command :r TEST where TEST is + the name of the file you used. + The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line. + + 3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there + are now two copies of lesson 5.3, the original and the file version. + +NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example, + :r !ls reads the output of the ls command and puts it below the + cursor. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 5 SUMMARY + + + 1. :!command executes an external command. + + Some useful examples are: + (Windows) (Unix) + :!dir :!ls - shows a directory listing. + :!del FILENAME :!rm FILENAME - removes file FILENAME. + + 2. :w FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME. + + 3. v motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file + FILENAME. + + 4. :r FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the + cursor position. + + 5. :r !dir reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the + cursor position. + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND + + + ** Type o to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. + + 2. Type the lowercase letter o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place + you in Insert mode. + + 3. Now type some text and press <ESC> to exit Insert mode. + +---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. + + 4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a capital O , rather + than a lowercase o. Try this on the line below. + +---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND + + + ** Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the start of the first line below marked --->. + + 2. Press e until the cursor is on the end of li . + + 3. Type an a (lowercase) to append text AFTER the cursor. + + 4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press <ESC> to exit Insert + mode. + + 5. Use e to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4. + +---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. +---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. + +NOTE: a, i and A all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where + the characters are inserted. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE + + + ** Type a capital R to replace more than one character. ** + + 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to + the beginning of the first xxx . + + 2. Now press R and type the number below it in the second line, so that it + replaces the xxx . + + 3. Press <ESC> to leave Replace mode. Notice that the rest of the line + remains unmodified. + + 4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining xxx. + +---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. +---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. + +NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an + existing character. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT + + + ** Use the y operator to copy text and p to paste it ** + + 1. Move to the line below marked ---> and place the cursor after "a)". + + 2. Start Visual mode with v and move the cursor to just before "first". + + 3. Type y to yank (copy) the highlighted text. + + 4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: j$ + + 5. Type p to put (paste) the text. Then type: a second <ESC> . + + 6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with y , move to the end of + the next line with j$ and put the text there with p . + +---> a) this is the first item. + b) + + NOTE: You can also use y as an operator: yw yanks one word, + yy yanks the whole line, then p puts that line. +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION + + + ** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case ** + + 1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: /ignore <ENTER> + Repeat several times by pressing n . + + 2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering: :set ic + + 3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n + Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found. + + 4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options: :set hls is + + 5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <ENTER> + + 6. To disable ignoring case enter: :set noic + +NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter: :nohlsearch +NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use \c + in the phrase: /ignore\c <ENTER> +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 6 SUMMARY + + 1. Type o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode. + Type O to open a line ABOVE the cursor. + + 2. Type a to insert text AFTER the cursor. + Type A to insert text after the end of the line. + + 3. The e command moves to the end of a word. + + 4. The y operator yanks (copies) text, p puts (pastes) it. + + 5. Typing a capital R enters Replace mode until <ESC> is pressed. + + 6. Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are: + 'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching + 'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase + 'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases + You can either use the long or the short option name. + + 7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off: :set noic + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP + + + ** Use the on-line help system ** + + Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of + these three: + - press the <HELP> key (if you have one) + - press the <F1> key (if you have one) + - type :help <ENTER> + + Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works. + Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump from one window to another. + Type :q <ENTER> to close the help window. + + You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the + ":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <ENTER>): + + :help w + :help c_CTRL-D + :help insert-index + :help user-manual +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT + + + ** Enable Vim features ** + + Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by + default. To start using more features you should create a "vimrc" file. + + 1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system: + :e ~/.vimrc for Unix + :e ~/_vimrc for Windows + + 2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents: + :r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim + + 3. Write the file with: + :w + + The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting. + You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file. + For more information type :help vimrc-intro + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION + + + ** Command line completion with CTRL-D and <TAB> ** + + 1. Make sure Vim is not in compatible mode: :set nocp + + 2. Look what files exist in the directory: :!ls or :!dir + + 3. Type the start of a command: :e + + 4. Press CTRL-D and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e". + + 5. Type d<TAB> and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit". + + 6. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: :edit FIL + + 7. Press <TAB>. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique). + +NOTE: Completion works for many commands. Just try pressing CTRL-D and + <TAB>. It is especially useful for :help . + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Lesson 7 SUMMARY + + + 1. Type :help or press <F1> or <HELP> to open a help window. + + 2. Type :help cmd to find help on cmd . + + 3. Type CTRL-W CTRL-W to jump to another window. + + 4. Type :q to close the help window. + + 5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings. + + 6. When typing a : command, press CTRL-D to see possible completions. + Press <TAB> to use one completion. + + + + + + + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + This concludes the Vim Tutor. It was intended to give a brief overview of + the Vim editor, just enough to allow you to use the editor fairly easily. + It is far from complete as Vim has many many more commands. Read the user + manual next: ":help user-manual". + + For further reading and studying, this book is recommended: + Vim - Vi Improved - by Steve Oualline + Publisher: New Riders + The first book completely dedicated to Vim. Especially useful for beginners. + There are many examples and pictures. + See https://iccf-holland.org/click5.html + + This book is older and more about Vi than Vim, but also recommended: + Learning the Vi Editor - by Linda Lamb + Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates Inc. + It is a good book to get to know almost anything you want to do with Vi. + The sixth edition also includes information on Vim. + + This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware, + Colorado School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith, + Colorado State University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu. + + Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar. + +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |