Adding upstream version 1:9.16.44.upstream/1%9.16.44

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+.. Copyright (C) Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+..
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+..
+.. This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+.. License, v. 2.0.  If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+.. file, you can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+..
+.. See the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this work for additional
+.. information regarding copyright ownership.
+
+.. highlight: console
+
+.. _man_mdig:
+
+mdig - DNS pipelined lookup utility
+-----------------------------------
+
+Synopsis
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:program:`mdig` {@server} [**-f** filename] [**-h**] [**-v**] [ [**-4**] | [**-6**] ] [**-m**] [**-b** address] [**-p** port#] [**-c** class] [**-t** type] [**-i**] [**-x** addr] [plusopt...]
+
+:program:`mdig` {**-h**}
+
+:program:`mdig` [@server] {global-opt...} { {local-opt...} {query} ...}
+
+Description
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``mdig`` is a multiple/pipelined query version of ``dig``: instead of
+waiting for a response after sending each query, it begins by sending
+all queries. Responses are displayed in the order in which they are
+received, not in the order the corresponding queries were sent.
+
+``mdig`` options are a subset of the ``dig`` options, and are divided
+into "anywhere options," which can occur anywhere, "global options," which
+must occur before the query name (or they are ignored with a warning),
+and "local options," which apply to the next query on the command line.
+
+The ``@server`` option is a mandatory global option. It is the name or IP
+address of the name server to query. (Unlike ``dig``, this value is not
+retrieved from ``/etc/resolv.conf``.) It can be an IPv4 address in
+dotted-decimal notation, an IPv6 address in colon-delimited notation, or
+a hostname. When the supplied ``server`` argument is a hostname,
+``mdig`` resolves that name before querying the name server.
+
+``mdig`` provides a number of query options which affect the way in
+which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of these set or
+reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of
+the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout and retry
+strategies.
+
+Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
+(``+``). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded by
+the string ``no`` to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other keywords
+assign values to options like the timeout interval. They have the form
+``+keyword=value``.
+
+Anywhere Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``-f``
+   This option makes ``mdig`` operate in batch mode by reading a list
+   of lookup requests to process from the file ``filename``. The file
+   contains a number of queries, one per line. Each entry in the file
+   should be organized in the same way they would be presented as queries
+   to ``mdig`` using the command-line interface.
+
+``-h``
+   This option causes ``mdig`` to print detailed help information, with the full list
+   of options, and exit.
+
+``-v``
+   This option causes ``mdig`` to print the version number and exit.
+
+Global Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``-4``
+   This option forces ``mdig`` to only use IPv4 query transport.
+
+``-6``
+   This option forces ``mdig`` to only use IPv6 query transport.
+
+``-b address``
+   This option sets the source IP address of the query to
+   ``address``. This must be a valid address on one of the host's network
+   interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional port may be specified by
+   appending "#<port>"
+
+``-m``
+   This option enables memory usage debugging.
+
+``-p port#``
+   This option is used when a non-standard port number is to be
+   queried. ``port#`` is the port number that ``mdig`` sends its
+   queries to, instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option is
+   used to test a name server that has been configured to listen for
+   queries on a non-standard port number.
+
+The global query options are:
+
+``+[no]additional``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the additional section of a reply. The
+   default is to display it.
+
+``+[no]all``
+   This option sets or clears all display flags.
+
+``+[no]answer``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the answer section of a reply. The default
+   is to display it.
+
+``+[no]authority``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the authority section of a reply. The
+   default is to display it.
+
+``+[no]besteffort``
+   This option attempts to display [or does not display] the contents of messages which are malformed. The
+   default is to not display malformed answers.
+
+``+burst``
+   This option delays queries until the start of the next second.
+
+``+[no]cl``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
+
+``+[no]comments``
+   This option toggles the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to
+   print comments.
+
+``+[no]continue``
+   This option toggles continuation on errors (e.g. timeouts).
+
+``+[no]crypto``
+   This option toggles the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC records. The
+   contents of these fields are unnecessary to debug most DNSSEC
+   validation failures and removing them makes it easier to see the
+   common failures. The default is to display the fields. When omitted,
+   they are replaced by the string "[omitted]"; in the DNSKEY case, the
+   key ID is displayed as the replacement, e.g., ``[ key id = value ]``.
+
+``+dscp[=value]``
+   This option sets the DSCP code point to be used when sending the query. Valid DSCP
+   code points are in the range [0...63]. By default no code point is
+   explicitly set.
+
+``+[no]multiline``
+   This option toggles printing of records, like the SOA records, in a verbose multi-line format
+   with human-readable comments. The default is to print each record on
+   a single line, to facilitate machine parsing of the ``mdig`` output.
+
+``+[no]question``
+   This option prints [or does not print] the question section of a query when an answer
+   is returned. The default is to print the question section as a
+   comment.
+
+``+[no]rrcomments``
+   This option toggles the display of per-record comments in the output (for example,
+   human-readable key information about DNSKEY records). The default is
+   not to print record comments unless multiline mode is active.
+
+``+[no]short``
+   This option provides [or does not provide] a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
+   verbose form.
+
+``+split=W``
+   This option splits long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource records into
+   chunks of ``W`` characters (where ``W`` is rounded up to the nearest
+   multiple of 4). ``+nosplit`` or ``+split=0`` causes fields not to be
+   split. The default is 56 characters, or 44 characters when
+   multiline mode is active.
+
+``+[no]tcp``
+   This option uses [or does not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default behavior
+   is to use UDP.
+
+``+[no]ttlid``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the TTL when printing the record.
+
+``+[no]ttlunits``
+   This option displays [or does not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable time
+   units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing seconds, minutes,
+   hours, days, and weeks. This implies +ttlid.
+
+``+[no]vc``
+   This option uses [or does not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
+   syntax to ``+[no]tcp`` is provided for backwards compatibility. The
+   ``vc`` stands for "virtual circuit".
+
+Local Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+``-c class``
+   This option sets the query class to ``class``. It can be any valid
+   query class which is supported in BIND 9. The default query class is
+   "IN".
+
+``-t type``
+   This option sets the query type to ``type``. It can be any valid
+   query type which is supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A",
+   unless the ``-x`` option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup with
+   the "PTR" query type.
+
+``-x addr``
+   Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by
+   this option. ``addr`` is an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal
+   notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. ``mdig`` automatically
+   performs a lookup for a query name like ``11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa`` and
+   sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively. By default,
+   IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA
+   domain.
+
+The local query options are:
+
+``+[no]aaflag``
+   This is a synonym for ``+[no]aaonly``.
+
+``+[no]aaonly``
+   This sets the ``aa`` flag in the query.
+
+``+[no]adflag``
+   This sets [or does not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. This
+   requests the server to return whether all of the answer and authority
+   sections have all been validated as secure, according to the security
+   policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records have been
+   validated as secure and the answer is not from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0
+   indicates that some part of the answer was insecure or not validated.
+   This bit is set by default.
+
+``+bufsize=B``
+   This sets the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to ``B``
+   bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0
+   respectively. Values outside this range are rounded up or down
+   appropriately. Values other than zero cause a EDNS query to be
+   sent.
+
+``+[no]cdflag``
+   This sets [or does not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This
+   requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses.
+
+``+[no]cookie=####``
+   This sends [or does not send] a COOKIE EDNS option, with an optional value. Replaying a COOKIE
+   from a previous response allows the server to identify a previous
+   client. The default is ``+nocookie``.
+
+``+[no]dnssec``
+   This requests that DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK (DO) bit in
+   the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
+
+``+[no]edns[=#]``
+   This specifies [or does not specify] the EDNS version to query with. Valid values are 0 to 255.
+   Setting the EDNS version causes an EDNS query to be sent.
+   ``+noedns`` clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to 0 by
+   default.
+
+``+[no]ednsflags[=#]``
+   This sets the must-be-zero EDNS flag bits (Z bits) to the specified value.
+   Decimal, hex, and octal encodings are accepted. Setting a named flag
+   (e.g. DO) is silently ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
+
+``+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]``
+   This specifies [or does not specify] an EDNS option with code point ``code`` and an optional payload
+   of ``value`` as a hexadecimal string. ``+noednsopt`` clears the EDNS
+   options to be sent.
+
+``+[no]expire``
+   This toggles sending of an EDNS Expire option.
+
+``+[no]nsid``
+   This toggles inclusion of an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
+
+``+[no]recurse``
+   This toggles the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query.
+   This bit is set by default, which means ``mdig`` normally sends
+   recursive queries.
+
+``+retry=T``
+   This sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to ``T``
+   instead of the default, 2. Unlike ``+tries``, this does not include
+   the initial query.
+
+``+[no]subnet=addr[/prefix-length]``
+   This sends [or does not send] an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified IP
+   address or network prefix.
+
+``mdig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0``, or simply ``mdig +subnet=0``
+   This sends an EDNS client-subnet option with an empty address and a source
+   prefix-length of zero, which signals a resolver that the client's
+   address information must *not* be used when resolving this query.
+
+``+timeout=T``
+   This sets the timeout for a query to ``T`` seconds. The default timeout is
+   5 seconds for UDP transport and 10 for TCP. An attempt to set ``T``
+   to less than 1 results in a query timeout of 1 second being
+   applied.
+
+``+tries=T``
+   This sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to ``T``
+   instead of the default, 3. If ``T`` is less than or equal to zero,
+   the number of tries is silently rounded up to 1.
+
+``+udptimeout=T``
+   This sets the timeout between UDP query retries to ``T``.
+
+``+[no]unknownformat``
+   This prints [or does not print] all RDATA in unknown RR-type presentation format (see :rfc:`3597`).
+   The default is to print RDATA for known types in the type's
+   presentation format.
+
+``+[no]yaml``
+   This toggles printing of the responses in a detailed YAML format.
+
+``+[no]zflag``
+   This sets [or does not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a DNS query.
+   This flag is off by default.
+
+See Also
+~~~~~~~~
+
+:manpage:`dig(1)`, :rfc:`1035`.