Adding upstream version 5.10.209.upstream/5.10.209

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

5 files changed, 807 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.rst b/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47de5006f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+===========================================
+Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
+===========================================
+
+See also drivers/md/md-faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
+
+
+Available fault injection capabilities
+--------------------------------------
+
+- failslab
+
+  injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
+
+- fail_page_alloc
+
+  injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
+
+- fail_usercopy
+
+  injects failures in user memory access functions. (copy_from_user(), get_user(), ...)
+
+- fail_futex
+
+  injects futex deadlock and uaddr fault errors.
+
+- fail_make_request
+
+  injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
+  /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
+  /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (submit_bio_noacct())
+
+- fail_mmc_request
+
+  injects MMC data errors on devices permitted by setting
+  debugfs entries under /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/fail_mmc_request
+
+- fail_function
+
+  injects error return on specific functions, which are marked by
+  ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() macro, by setting debugfs entries
+  under /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function. No boot option supported.
+
+- NVMe fault injection
+
+  inject NVMe status code and retry flag on devices permitted by setting
+  debugfs entries under /sys/kernel/debug/nvme*/fault_inject. The default
+  status code is NVME_SC_INVALID_OPCODE with no retry. The status code and
+  retry flag can be set via the debugfs.
+
+
+Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+debugfs entries
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
+configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/probability:
+
+	likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
+
+	Format: <percent>
+
+	Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
+	for some testcases.  Consider setting probability=100 and configure
+	/sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/interval:
+
+	specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
+	should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
+
+	Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
+	probably want to set probability=100.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/times:
+
+	specifies how many times failures may happen at most. A value of -1
+	means "no limit".
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/space:
+
+	specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
+	on each call to should_fail(,size).  Failure injection is
+	suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/verbose
+
+	Format: { 0 | 1 | 2 }
+
+	specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
+	injected.  '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
+	log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
+	to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/task-filter:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+
+	A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
+	Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
+	/proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-start,
+  /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/require-end,
+  /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-start,
+  /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/reject-end:
+
+	specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
+	stacktrace walking.  Failure is injected only if some caller
+	in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
+	none lies within the rejected range.
+	Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
+	Default rejected range is [0,0).
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
+
+	specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
+	for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
+	[reject-start,reject-end).
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+
+	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
+	highmem/user allocations.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+
+	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
+	only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_page_alloc/min-order:
+
+	specifies the minimum page allocation order to be injected
+	failures.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_futex/ignore-private:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+
+	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will disable failure injections
+	when dealing with private (address space) futexes.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/inject:
+
+	Format: { 'function-name' | '!function-name' | '' }
+
+	specifies the target function of error injection by name.
+	If the function name leads '!' prefix, given function is
+	removed from injection list. If nothing specified ('')
+	injection list is cleared.
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/injectable:
+
+	(read only) shows error injectable functions and what type of
+	error values can be specified. The error type will be one of
+	below;
+	- NULL:	retval must be 0.
+	- ERRNO: retval must be -1 to -MAX_ERRNO (-4096).
+	- ERR_NULL: retval must be 0 or -1 to -MAX_ERRNO (-4096).
+
+- /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/<function-name>/retval:
+
+	specifies the "error" return value to inject to the given function.
+	This will be created when the user specifies a new injection entry.
+	Note that this file only accepts unsigned values. So, if you want to
+	use a negative errno, you better use 'printf' instead of 'echo', e.g.:
+	$ printf %#x -12 > retval
+
+Boot option
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
+use the boot option::
+
+	failslab=
+	fail_page_alloc=
+	fail_usercopy=
+	fail_make_request=
+	fail_futex=
+	mmc_core.fail_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
+
+proc entries
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- /proc/<pid>/fail-nth,
+  /proc/self/task/<tid>/fail-nth:
+
+	Write to this file of integer N makes N-th call in the task fail.
+	Read from this file returns a integer value. A value of '0' indicates
+	that the fault setup with a previous write to this file was injected.
+	A positive integer N indicates that the fault wasn't yet injected.
+	Note that this file enables all types of faults (slab, futex, etc).
+	This setting takes precedence over all other generic debugfs settings
+	like probability, interval, times, etc. But per-capability settings
+	(e.g. fail_futex/ignore-private) take precedence over it.
+
+	This feature is intended for systematic testing of faults in a single
+	system call. See an example below.
+
+How to add new fault injection capability
+-----------------------------------------
+
+- #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
+
+- define the fault attributes
+
+  DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(name);
+
+  Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
+  for details.
+
+- provide a way to configure fault attributes
+
+- boot option
+
+  If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
+  provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
+
+	setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
+
+- debugfs entries
+
+  failslab, fail_page_alloc, fail_usercopy, and fail_make_request use this way.
+  Helper functions:
+
+	fault_create_debugfs_attr(name, parent, attr);
+
+- module parameters
+
+  If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
+  single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
+  configure the fault attributes.
+
+- add a hook to insert failures
+
+  Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure:
+
+	should_fail(attr, size);
+
+Application Examples
+--------------------
+
+- Inject slab allocation failures into module init/exit code::
+
+    #!/bin/bash
+
+    FAILTYPE=failslab
+    echo Y > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
+    echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
+    echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
+    echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
+    echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
+    echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
+    echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
+
+    faulty_system()
+    {
+	bash -c "echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail && exec $*"
+    }
+
+    if [ $# -eq 0 ]
+    then
+	echo "Usage: $0 modulename [ modulename ... ]"
+	exit 1
+    fi
+
+    for m in $*
+    do
+	echo inserting $m...
+	faulty_system modprobe $m
+
+	echo removing $m...
+	faulty_system modprobe -r $m
+    done
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+- Inject page allocation failures only for a specific module::
+
+    #!/bin/bash
+
+    FAILTYPE=fail_page_alloc
+    module=$1
+
+    if [ -z $module ]
+    then
+	echo "Usage: $0 <modulename>"
+	exit 1
+    fi
+
+    modprobe $module
+
+    if [ ! -d /sys/module/$module/sections ]
+    then
+	echo Module $module is not loaded
+	exit 1
+    fi
+
+    cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.text > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-start
+    cat /sys/module/$module/sections/.data > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/require-end
+
+    echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
+    echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
+    echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
+    echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
+    echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
+    echo 2 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
+    echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-wait
+    echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/ignore-gfp-highmem
+    echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/stacktrace-depth
+
+    trap "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability" SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
+
+    echo "Injecting errors into the module $module... (interrupt to stop)"
+    sleep 1000000
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+- Inject open_ctree error while btrfs mount::
+
+    #!/bin/bash
+
+    rm -f testfile.img
+    dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile.img bs=1M seek=1000 count=1
+    DEVICE=$(losetup --show -f testfile.img)
+    mkfs.btrfs -f $DEVICE
+    mkdir -p tmpmnt
+
+    FAILTYPE=fail_function
+    FAILFUNC=open_ctree
+    echo $FAILFUNC > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/inject
+    printf %#x -12 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/$FAILFUNC/retval
+    echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/task-filter
+    echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/probability
+    echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/interval
+    echo -1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/times
+    echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/space
+    echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/verbose
+
+    mount -t btrfs $DEVICE tmpmnt
+    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
+    then
+	echo "SUCCESS!"
+    else
+	echo "FAILED!"
+	umount tmpmnt
+    fi
+
+    echo > /sys/kernel/debug/$FAILTYPE/inject
+
+    rmdir tmpmnt
+    losetup -d $DEVICE
+    rm testfile.img
+
+
+Tool to run command with failslab or fail_page_alloc
+----------------------------------------------------
+In order to make it easier to accomplish the tasks mentioned above, we can use
+tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh.  Please run a command
+"./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --help" for more information and
+see the following examples.
+
+Examples:
+
+Run a command "make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests" with injecting slab
+allocation failure::
+
+	# ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh \
+		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
+
+Same as above except to specify 100 times failures at most instead of one time
+at most by default::
+
+	# ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
+		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
+
+Same as above except to inject page allocation failure instead of slab
+allocation failure::
+
+	# env FAILCMD_TYPE=fail_page_alloc \
+		./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
+		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
+
+Systematic faults using fail-nth
+---------------------------------
+
+The following code systematically faults 0-th, 1-st, 2-nd and so on
+capabilities in the socketpair() system call::
+
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+  #include <sys/stat.h>
+  #include <sys/socket.h>
+  #include <sys/syscall.h>
+  #include <fcntl.h>
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <string.h>
+  #include <stdlib.h>
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  #include <errno.h>
+
+  int main()
+  {
+	int i, err, res, fail_nth, fds[2];
+	char buf[128];
+
+	system("echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait");
+	sprintf(buf, "/proc/self/task/%ld/fail-nth", syscall(SYS_gettid));
+	fail_nth = open(buf, O_RDWR);
+	for (i = 1;; i++) {
+		sprintf(buf, "%d", i);
+		write(fail_nth, buf, strlen(buf));
+		res = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds);
+		err = errno;
+		pread(fail_nth, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+		if (res == 0) {
+			close(fds[0]);
+			close(fds[1]);
+		}
+		printf("%d-th fault %c: res=%d/%d\n", i, atoi(buf) ? 'N' : 'Y',
+			res, err);
+		if (atoi(buf))
+			break;
+	}
+	return 0;
+  }
+
+An example output::
+
+	1-th fault Y: res=-1/23
+	2-th fault Y: res=-1/23
+	3-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	4-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	5-th fault Y: res=-1/23
+	6-th fault Y: res=-1/23
+	7-th fault Y: res=-1/23
+	8-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	9-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	10-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	11-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	12-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	13-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	14-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	15-th fault Y: res=-1/12
+	16-th fault N: res=0/12
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/index.rst b/Documentation/fault-injection/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8408a8a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============
+fault-injection
+===============
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 1
+
+    fault-injection
+    notifier-error-inject
+    nvme-fault-injection
+    provoke-crashes
+
+.. only::  subproject and html
+
+   Indices
+   =======
+
+   * :ref:`genindex`
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.rst b/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1668b6e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/notifier-error-inject.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+Notifier error injection
+========================
+
+Notifier error injection provides the ability to inject artificial errors to
+specified notifier chain callbacks. It is useful to test the error handling of
+notifier call chain failures which is rarely executed.  There are kernel
+modules that can be used to test the following notifiers.
+
+ * PM notifier
+ * Memory hotplug notifier
+ * powerpc pSeries reconfig notifier
+ * Netdevice notifier
+
+PM notifier error injection module
+----------------------------------
+This feature is controlled through debugfs interface
+
+  /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/pm/actions/<notifier event>/error
+
+Possible PM notifier events to be failed are:
+
+ * PM_HIBERNATION_PREPARE
+ * PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE
+ * PM_RESTORE_PREPARE
+
+Example: Inject PM suspend error (-12 = -ENOMEM)::
+
+	# cd /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/pm/
+	# echo -12 > actions/PM_SUSPEND_PREPARE/error
+	# echo mem > /sys/power/state
+	bash: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+
+Memory hotplug notifier error injection module
+----------------------------------------------
+This feature is controlled through debugfs interface
+
+  /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/memory/actions/<notifier event>/error
+
+Possible memory notifier events to be failed are:
+
+ * MEM_GOING_ONLINE
+ * MEM_GOING_OFFLINE
+
+Example: Inject memory hotplug offline error (-12 == -ENOMEM)::
+
+	# cd /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/memory
+	# echo -12 > actions/MEM_GOING_OFFLINE/error
+	# echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
+	bash: echo: write error: Cannot allocate memory
+
+powerpc pSeries reconfig notifier error injection module
+--------------------------------------------------------
+This feature is controlled through debugfs interface
+
+  /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/pSeries-reconfig/actions/<notifier event>/error
+
+Possible pSeries reconfig notifier events to be failed are:
+
+ * PSERIES_RECONFIG_ADD
+ * PSERIES_RECONFIG_REMOVE
+ * PSERIES_DRCONF_MEM_ADD
+ * PSERIES_DRCONF_MEM_REMOVE
+
+Netdevice notifier error injection module
+----------------------------------------------
+This feature is controlled through debugfs interface
+
+  /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/netdev/actions/<notifier event>/error
+
+Netdevice notifier events which can be failed are:
+
+ * NETDEV_REGISTER
+ * NETDEV_CHANGEMTU
+ * NETDEV_CHANGENAME
+ * NETDEV_PRE_UP
+ * NETDEV_PRE_TYPE_CHANGE
+ * NETDEV_POST_INIT
+ * NETDEV_PRECHANGEMTU
+ * NETDEV_PRECHANGEUPPER
+ * NETDEV_CHANGEUPPER
+
+Example: Inject netdevice mtu change error (-22 == -EINVAL)::
+
+	# cd /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/netdev
+	# echo -22 > actions/NETDEV_CHANGEMTU/error
+	# ip link set eth0 mtu 1024
+	RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument
+
+For more usage examples
+-----------------------
+There are tools/testing/selftests using the notifier error injection features
+for CPU and memory notifiers.
+
+ * tools/testing/selftests/cpu-hotplug/on-off-test.sh
+ * tools/testing/selftests/memory-hotplug/on-off-test.sh
+
+These scripts first do simple online and offline tests and then do fault
+injection tests if notifier error injection module is available.
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/nvme-fault-injection.rst b/Documentation/fault-injection/nvme-fault-injection.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d4427890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/nvme-fault-injection.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+NVMe Fault Injection
+====================
+Linux's fault injection framework provides a systematic way to support
+error injection via debugfs in the /sys/kernel/debug directory. When
+enabled, the default NVME_SC_INVALID_OPCODE with no retry will be
+injected into the nvme_try_complete_req. Users can change the default status
+code and no retry flag via the debugfs. The list of Generic Command
+Status can be found in include/linux/nvme.h
+
+Following examples show how to inject an error into the nvme.
+
+First, enable CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS kernel config,
+recompile the kernel. After booting up the kernel, do the
+following.
+
+Example 1: Inject default status code with no retry
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+  mount /dev/nvme0n1 /mnt
+  echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/times
+  echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/probability
+  cp a.file /mnt
+
+Expected Result::
+
+  cp: cannot stat ‘/mnt/a.file’: Input/output error
+
+Message from dmesg::
+
+  FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure.
+  name fault_inject, interval 1, probability 100, space 0, times 1
+  CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.15.0-rc8+ #2
+  Hardware name: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox,
+  BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006
+  Call Trace:
+    <IRQ>
+    dump_stack+0x5c/0x7d
+    should_fail+0x148/0x170
+    nvme_should_fail+0x2f/0x50 [nvme_core]
+    nvme_process_cq+0xe7/0x1d0 [nvme]
+    nvme_irq+0x1e/0x40 [nvme]
+    __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x3a/0x190
+    handle_irq_event_percpu+0x30/0x70
+    handle_irq_event+0x36/0x60
+    handle_fasteoi_irq+0x78/0x120
+    handle_irq+0xa7/0x130
+    ? tick_irq_enter+0xa8/0xc0
+    do_IRQ+0x43/0xc0
+    common_interrupt+0xa2/0xa2
+    </IRQ>
+  RIP: 0010:native_safe_halt+0x2/0x10
+  RSP: 0018:ffffffff82003e90 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffdd
+  RAX: ffffffff817a10c0 RBX: ffffffff82012480 RCX: 0000000000000000
+  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
+  RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 000000008e38ce64 R09: 0000000000000000
+  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffffffff82012480
+  R13: ffffffff82012480 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
+    ? __sched_text_end+0x4/0x4
+    default_idle+0x18/0xf0
+    do_idle+0x150/0x1d0
+    cpu_startup_entry+0x6f/0x80
+    start_kernel+0x4c4/0x4e4
+    ? set_init_arg+0x55/0x55
+    secondary_startup_64+0xa5/0xb0
+    print_req_error: I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 9240
+  EXT4-fs error (device nvme0n1): ext4_find_entry:1436:
+  inode #2: comm cp: reading directory lblock 0
+
+Example 2: Inject default status code with retry
+------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+  mount /dev/nvme0n1 /mnt
+  echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/times
+  echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/probability
+  echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/status
+  echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0n1/fault_inject/dont_retry
+
+  cp a.file /mnt
+
+Expected Result::
+
+  command success without error
+
+Message from dmesg::
+
+  FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure.
+  name fault_inject, interval 1, probability 100, space 0, times 1
+  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 4.15.0-rc8+ #4
+  Hardware name: innotek GmbH VirtualBox/VirtualBox, BIOS VirtualBox 12/01/2006
+  Call Trace:
+    <IRQ>
+    dump_stack+0x5c/0x7d
+    should_fail+0x148/0x170
+    nvme_should_fail+0x30/0x60 [nvme_core]
+    nvme_loop_queue_response+0x84/0x110 [nvme_loop]
+    nvmet_req_complete+0x11/0x40 [nvmet]
+    nvmet_bio_done+0x28/0x40 [nvmet]
+    blk_update_request+0xb0/0x310
+    blk_mq_end_request+0x18/0x60
+    flush_smp_call_function_queue+0x3d/0xf0
+    smp_call_function_single_interrupt+0x2c/0xc0
+    call_function_single_interrupt+0xa2/0xb0
+    </IRQ>
+  RIP: 0010:native_safe_halt+0x2/0x10
+  RSP: 0018:ffffc9000068bec0 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff04
+  RAX: ffffffff817a10c0 RBX: ffff88011a3c9680 RCX: 0000000000000000
+  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
+  RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 000000008e38c131 R09: 0000000000000000
+  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88011a3c9680
+  R13: ffff88011a3c9680 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
+    ? __sched_text_end+0x4/0x4
+    default_idle+0x18/0xf0
+    do_idle+0x150/0x1d0
+    cpu_startup_entry+0x6f/0x80
+    start_secondary+0x187/0x1e0
+    secondary_startup_64+0xa5/0xb0
+
+Example 3: Inject an error into the 10th admin command
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+  echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0/fault_inject/probability
+  echo 10 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0/fault_inject/space
+  echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/nvme0/fault_inject/times
+  nvme reset /dev/nvme0
+
+Expected Result::
+
+  After NVMe controller reset, the reinitialization may or may not succeed.
+  It depends on which admin command is actually forced to fail.
+
+Message from dmesg::
+
+  nvme nvme0: resetting controller
+  FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure.
+  name fault_inject, interval 1, probability 100, space 1, times 1
+  CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.2.0-rc2+ #2
+  Hardware name: MSI MS-7A45/B150M MORTAR ARCTIC (MS-7A45), BIOS 1.50 04/25/2017
+  Call Trace:
+   <IRQ>
+   dump_stack+0x63/0x85
+   should_fail+0x14a/0x170
+   nvme_should_fail+0x38/0x80 [nvme_core]
+   nvme_irq+0x129/0x280 [nvme]
+   ? blk_mq_end_request+0xb3/0x120
+   __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x84/0x1a0
+   handle_irq_event_percpu+0x32/0x80
+   handle_irq_event+0x3b/0x60
+   handle_edge_irq+0x7f/0x1a0
+   handle_irq+0x20/0x30
+   do_IRQ+0x4e/0xe0
+   common_interrupt+0xf/0xf
+   </IRQ>
+  RIP: 0010:cpuidle_enter_state+0xc5/0x460
+  Code: ff e8 8f 5f 86 ff 80 7d c7 00 74 17 9c 58 0f 1f 44 00 00 f6 c4 02 0f 85 69 03 00 00 31 ff e8 62 aa 8c ff fb 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 <45> 85 ed 0f 88 37 03 00 00 4c 8b 45 d0 4c 2b 45 b8 48 ba cf f7 53
+  RSP: 0018:ffffffff88c03dd0 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffdc
+  RAX: ffff9dac25a2ac80 RBX: ffffffff88d53760 RCX: 000000000000001f
+  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000000002d958403 RDI: 0000000000000000
+  RBP: ffffffff88c03e18 R08: fffffff75e35ffb7 R09: 00000a49a56c0b48
+  R10: ffffffff88c03da0 R11: 0000000000001b0c R12: ffff9dac25a34d00
+  R13: 0000000000000006 R14: 0000000000000006 R15: ffffffff88d53760
+   cpuidle_enter+0x2e/0x40
+   call_cpuidle+0x23/0x40
+   do_idle+0x201/0x280
+   cpu_startup_entry+0x1d/0x20
+   rest_init+0xaa/0xb0
+   arch_call_rest_init+0xe/0x1b
+   start_kernel+0x51c/0x53b
+   x86_64_start_reservations+0x24/0x26
+   x86_64_start_kernel+0x74/0x77
+   secondary_startup_64+0xa4/0xb0
+  nvme nvme0: Could not set queue count (16385)
+  nvme nvme0: IO queues not created
diff --git a/Documentation/fault-injection/provoke-crashes.rst b/Documentation/fault-injection/provoke-crashes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18de17354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/fault-injection/provoke-crashes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+============================================================
+Provoking crashes with Linux Kernel Dump Test Module (LKDTM)
+============================================================
+
+The lkdtm module provides an interface to disrupt (and usually crash)
+the kernel at predefined code locations to evaluate the reliability of
+the kernel's exception handling and to test crash dumps obtained using
+different dumping solutions. The module uses KPROBEs to instrument the
+trigger location, but can also trigger the kernel directly without KPROBE
+support via debugfs.
+
+You can select the location of the trigger ("crash point name") and the
+type of action ("crash point type") either through module arguments when
+inserting the module, or through the debugfs interface.
+
+Usage::
+
+	insmod lkdtm.ko [recur_count={>0}] cpoint_name=<> cpoint_type=<>
+			[cpoint_count={>0}]
+
+recur_count
+	Recursion level for the stack overflow test. By default this is
+	dynamically calculated based on kernel configuration, with the
+	goal of being just large enough to exhaust the kernel stack. The
+	value can be seen at `/sys/module/lkdtm/parameters/recur_count`.
+
+cpoint_name
+	Where in the kernel to trigger the action. It can be
+	one of INT_HARDWARE_ENTRY, INT_HW_IRQ_EN, INT_TASKLET_ENTRY,
+	FS_DEVRW, MEM_SWAPOUT, TIMERADD, SCSI_QUEUE_RQ,
+	IDE_CORE_CP, or DIRECT
+
+cpoint_type
+	Indicates the action to be taken on hitting the crash point.
+	These are numerous, and best queried directly from debugfs. Some
+	of the common ones are PANIC, BUG, EXCEPTION, LOOP, and OVERFLOW.
+	See the contents of `/sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT` for
+	a complete list.
+
+cpoint_count
+	Indicates the number of times the crash point is to be hit
+	before triggering the action. The default is 10 (except for
+	DIRECT, which always fires immediately).
+
+You can also induce failures by mounting debugfs and writing the type to
+<debugfs>/provoke-crash/<crashpoint>. E.g.::
+
+  mount -t debugfs debugfs /sys/kernel/debug
+  echo EXCEPTION > /sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/INT_HARDWARE_ENTRY
+
+The special file `DIRECT` will induce the action directly without KPROBE
+instrumentation. This mode is the only one available when the module is
+built for a kernel without KPROBEs support::
+
+  # Instead of having a BUG kill your shell, have it kill "cat":
+  cat <(echo WRITE_RO) >/sys/kernel/debug/provoke-crash/DIRECT