Adding upstream version 247.3.upstream/247.3upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2153 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/test-functions b/test/test-functions
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b52bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test-functions
@@ -0,0 +1,2153 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# -*- mode: shell-script; indent-tabs-mode: nil; sh-basic-offset: 4; -*-
+# ex: ts=8 sw=4 sts=4 et filetype=sh
+PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+export PATH
+
+os_release=$(test -e /etc/os-release && echo /etc/os-release || echo /usr/lib/os-release)
+LOOKS_LIKE_DEBIAN=$(source $os_release && [[ "$ID" = "debian" || " $ID_LIKE " = *" debian "* ]] && echo yes || :)
+LOOKS_LIKE_ARCH=$(source $os_release && [[ "$ID" = "arch" || " $ID_LIKE " = *" arch "* ]] && echo yes || :)
+LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE=$(source $os_release && [[ " $ID_LIKE " = *" suse "* ]] && echo yes || :)
+KERNEL_VER=${KERNEL_VER-$(uname -r)}
+KERNEL_MODS="/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/"
+QEMU_TIMEOUT="${QEMU_TIMEOUT:-infinity}"
+NSPAWN_TIMEOUT="${NSPAWN_TIMEOUT:-infinity}"
+TIMED_OUT=  # will be 1 after run_* if *_TIMEOUT is set and test timed out
+[[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE" ]] && FSTYPE="${FSTYPE:-btrfs}" || FSTYPE="${FSTYPE:-ext4}"
+UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY="${UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY:-default}"
+EFI_MOUNT="${EFI_MOUNT:-$(bootctl -x 2>/dev/null || echo /boot)}"
+QEMU_MEM="${QEMU_MEM:-512M}"
+IMAGE_NAME=${IMAGE_NAME:-default}
+TEST_REQUIRE_INSTALL_TESTS="${TEST_REQUIRE_INSTALL_TESTS:-1}"
+TEST_PARALLELIZE="${TEST_PARALLELIZE:-0}"
+LOOPDEV=
+
+# Decide if we can (and want to) run QEMU with KVM acceleration.
+# Check if nested KVM is explicitly enabled (TEST_NESTED_KVM). If not,
+# check if it's not explicitly disabled (TEST_NO_KVM) and we're not already
+# running under KVM. If these conditions are met, enable KVM (and possibly
+# nested KVM), otherwise disable it.
+if [[ -n "$TEST_NESTED_KVM" || ( -z "$TEST_NO_KVM" && $(systemd-detect-virt -v) != kvm ) ]]; then
+    QEMU_KVM=yes
+else
+    QEMU_KVM=no
+fi
+
+if ! ROOTLIBDIR=$(pkg-config --variable=systemdutildir systemd); then
+    echo "WARNING! Cannot determine rootlibdir from pkg-config, assuming /usr/lib/systemd" >&2
+    ROOTLIBDIR=/usr/lib/systemd
+fi
+
+PATH_TO_INIT=$ROOTLIBDIR/systemd
+[ "$SYSTEMD_JOURNALD" ] || SYSTEMD_JOURNALD=$(which -a $BUILD_DIR/systemd-journald $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-journald 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+[ "$SYSTEMD_JOURNAL_REMOTE" ] || SYSTEMD_JOURNAL_REMOTE=$(which -a $BUILD_DIR/systemd-journal-remote $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-journal-remote 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+[ "$SYSTEMD" ] || SYSTEMD=$(which -a $BUILD_DIR/systemd $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+[ "$SYSTEMD_NSPAWN" ] || SYSTEMD_NSPAWN=$(which -a $BUILD_DIR/systemd-nspawn systemd-nspawn 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+[ "$JOURNALCTL" ] || JOURNALCTL=$(which -a $BUILD_DIR/journalctl journalctl 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+
+BASICTOOLS=(
+    awk
+    basename
+    bash
+    busybox
+    capsh
+    cat
+    chmod
+    chown
+    cmp
+    cryptsetup
+    cut
+    date
+    dd
+    diff
+    dirname
+    dmsetup
+    echo
+    env
+    false
+    getconf
+    getent
+    getfacl
+    grep
+    gunzip
+    gzip
+    head
+    ionice
+    ip
+    ln
+    loadkeys
+    login
+    lz4cat
+    mkfifo
+    mktemp
+    modprobe
+    mount
+    mountpoint
+    mv
+    nc
+    nproc
+    readlink
+    rev
+    rm
+    rmdir
+    sed
+    seq
+    setfont
+    setsid
+    sfdisk
+    sh
+    sleep
+    socat
+    stat
+    su
+    sulogin
+    sysctl
+    tail
+    tar
+    tee
+    test
+    timeout
+    touch
+    tr
+    true
+    truncate
+    umount
+    uname
+    unshare
+    xargs
+    xzcat
+)
+
+DEBUGTOOLS=(
+    cp
+    df
+    dhclient
+    dmesg
+    du
+    find
+    free
+    grep
+    hostname
+    id
+    less
+    ln
+    ls
+    mkdir
+    ping
+    ps
+    route
+    sort
+    strace
+    stty
+    tty
+    vi
+)
+
+STATEDIR="${BUILD_DIR:-.}/test/$(basename $(dirname $(realpath $0)))"
+STATEFILE="$STATEDIR/.testdir"
+IMAGESTATEDIR="$STATEDIR/.."
+TESTLOG="$STATEDIR/test.log"
+
+is_built_with_asan() {
+    if ! type -P objdump >/dev/null; then
+        ddebug "Failed to find objdump. Assuming systemd hasn't been built with ASAN."
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    # Borrowed from https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/cd9acd02f9d3f6e80011cc1e9549be526ce5f270/infra/base-images/base-runner/bad_build_check#L182
+    local _asan_calls=$(objdump -dC $SYSTEMD_JOURNALD | egrep "callq\s+[0-9a-f]+\s+<__asan" -c)
+    if (( $_asan_calls < 1000 )); then
+        return 1
+    else
+        return 0
+    fi
+}
+
+IS_BUILT_WITH_ASAN=$(is_built_with_asan && echo yes || echo no)
+
+if [[ "$IS_BUILT_WITH_ASAN" = "yes" ]]; then
+    STRIP_BINARIES=no
+    SKIP_INITRD="${SKIP_INITRD:-yes}"
+    PATH_TO_INIT=$ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-under-asan
+    QEMU_MEM="2048M"
+    QEMU_SMP=4
+
+    # We need to correctly distinguish between gcc's and clang's ASan DSOs.
+    if ldd $SYSTEMD | grep -q libasan.so; then
+        ASAN_COMPILER=gcc
+    elif ldd $SYSTEMD | grep -q libclang_rt.asan; then
+        ASAN_COMPILER=clang
+
+        # As clang's ASan DSO is usually in a non-standard path, let's check if
+        # the environment is set accordingly. If not, warn the user and exit.
+        # We're not setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH automagically here, because
+        # user should encounter (and fix) the same issue when running the unit
+        # tests (meson test)
+        if ldd "$SYSTEMD" | grep -q "libclang_rt.asan.*not found"; then
+            _asan_rt_name="$(ldd $SYSTEMD | awk '/libclang_rt.asan/ {print $1; exit}')"
+            _asan_rt_path="$(find /usr/lib* /usr/local/lib* -type f -name "$_asan_rt_name" 2>/dev/null | sed 1q)"
+            echo >&2 "clang's ASan DSO ($_asan_rt_name) is not present in the runtime library path"
+            echo >&2 "Consider setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${_asan_rt_path%/*}"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    else
+        echo >&2 "systemd is not linked against the ASan DSO"
+        echo >&2 "gcc does this by default, for clang compile with -shared-libasan"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+fi
+
+function find_qemu_bin() {
+    # SUSE and Red Hat call the binary qemu-kvm. Debian and Gentoo call it kvm.
+    if [[ $QEMU_KVM == "yes" ]]; then
+        [ "$QEMU_BIN" ] || QEMU_BIN=$(which -a kvm qemu-kvm 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+    fi
+
+    [ "$ARCH" ] || ARCH=$(uname -m)
+    case $ARCH in
+    x86_64)
+        # QEMU's own build system calls it qemu-system-x86_64
+        [ "$QEMU_BIN" ] || QEMU_BIN=$(which -a qemu-system-x86_64 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+        ;;
+    i*86)
+        # new i386 version of QEMU
+        [ "$QEMU_BIN" ] || QEMU_BIN=$(which -a qemu-system-i386 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+
+        # i386 version of QEMU
+        [ "$QEMU_BIN" ] || QEMU_BIN=$(which -a qemu 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+        ;;
+    ppc64*)
+        [ "$QEMU_BIN" ] || QEMU_BIN=$(which -a qemu-system-ppc64 2>/dev/null | grep '^/' -m1)
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    if [ ! -e "$QEMU_BIN" ]; then
+        echo "Could not find a suitable QEMU binary" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# Compares argument #1=X.Y.Z (X&Y&Z = numeric) to the version of the installed qemu
+# returns 0 if newer or equal
+# returns 1 if older
+# returns 2 if failing
+function qemu_min_version() {
+    find_qemu_bin || return 2
+
+    # get version from binary
+    qemu_ver=$($QEMU_BIN --version | awk '/^QEMU emulator version ([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*) / {print $4}')
+
+    # Check version string format
+    echo "$qemu_ver" | grep -q '^[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*$' || return 2
+    echo "$1" | grep -q '^[0-9]*\.[0-9]*\.[0-9]*$' || return 2
+
+    # compare as last command to return that value
+    printf "%s\n%s\n" "$1" "$qemu_ver" | sort -V -C
+}
+
+# Return 0 if QEMU did run (then you must check the result state/logs for actual
+# success), or 1 if QEMU is not available.
+run_qemu() {
+    if [ -f /etc/machine-id ]; then
+        read MACHINE_ID < /etc/machine-id
+        [ -z "$INITRD" ] && [ -e "$EFI_MOUNT/$MACHINE_ID/$KERNEL_VER/initrd" ] \
+            && INITRD="$EFI_MOUNT/$MACHINE_ID/$KERNEL_VER/initrd"
+        [ -z "$KERNEL_BIN" ] && [ -e "$EFI_MOUNT/$MACHINE_ID/$KERNEL_VER/linux" ] \
+            && KERNEL_BIN="$EFI_MOUNT/$MACHINE_ID/$KERNEL_VER/linux"
+    fi
+
+    CONSOLE=ttyS0
+
+    rm -f "$initdir"/{testok,failed,skipped}
+    # make sure the initdir is not mounted to avoid concurrent access
+    cleanup_initdir
+    umount_loopback
+
+    if [[ ! "$KERNEL_BIN" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_ARCH" ]]; then
+            KERNEL_BIN=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
+        else
+            [ "$ARCH" ] || ARCH=$(uname -m)
+            case $ARCH in
+                ppc64*)
+                KERNEL_BIN=/boot/vmlinux-$KERNEL_VER
+                CONSOLE=hvc0
+                ;;
+                *)
+                KERNEL_BIN=/boot/vmlinuz-$KERNEL_VER
+                ;;
+            esac
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    default_fedora_initrd=/boot/initramfs-${KERNEL_VER}.img
+    default_debian_initrd=/boot/initrd.img-${KERNEL_VER}
+    default_arch_initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
+    default_suse_initrd=/boot/initrd-${KERNEL_VER}
+    if [[ ! "$INITRD" ]]; then
+        if [[ -e "$default_fedora_initrd" ]]; then
+            INITRD="$default_fedora_initrd"
+        elif [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_DEBIAN" && -e "$default_debian_initrd" ]]; then
+            INITRD="$default_debian_initrd"
+        elif [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_ARCH" && -e "$default_arch_initrd" ]]; then
+            INITRD="$default_arch_initrd"
+        elif [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE" && -e "$default_suse_initrd" ]]; then
+            INITRD="$default_suse_initrd"
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    # If QEMU_SMP was not explicitly set, try to determine the value 'dynamically'
+    # i.e. use the number of online CPUs on the host machine. If the nproc utility
+    # is not installed or there's some other error when calling it, fall back
+    # to the original value (QEMU_SMP=1).
+    if ! [ "$QEMU_SMP" ]; then
+        if ! QEMU_SMP=$(nproc); then
+            dwarn "nproc utility is not installed, falling back to QEMU_SMP=1"
+            QEMU_SMP=1
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    find_qemu_bin || return 1
+
+    # Umount initdir to avoid concurrent access to the filesystem
+    _umount_dir $initdir
+
+    local _cgroup_args
+    if [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "yes" ]]; then
+        _cgroup_args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=yes"
+    elif [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "no" ]]; then
+        _cgroup_args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=no systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=yes"
+    elif [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "hybrid" ]]; then
+        _cgroup_args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=no systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller=no"
+    elif [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" != "default" ]]; then
+        dfatal "Unknown UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY. Got $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY, expected [yes|no|hybrid|default]"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE" ]]; then
+        PARAMS+="rd.hostonly=0"
+    fi
+
+    local _end
+    if [[ ! "$INTERACTIVE_DEBUG" ]]; then
+        _end="systemd.wants=end.service"
+    else
+        _end=""
+    fi
+
+    KERNEL_APPEND="$PARAMS \
+root=/dev/sda1 \
+rw \
+raid=noautodetect \
+rd.luks=0 \
+loglevel=2 \
+init=$PATH_TO_INIT \
+console=$CONSOLE \
+selinux=0 \
+$_cgroup_args \
+SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH=/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/testsuite-$1.units:/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/units: \
+systemd.unit=testsuite.target \
+systemd.wants=testsuite-$1.service ${_end} \
+$KERNEL_APPEND \
+"
+
+    [ -e "$IMAGE_PRIVATE" ] && image="$IMAGE_PRIVATE" || image="$IMAGE_PUBLIC"
+    QEMU_OPTIONS="-smp $QEMU_SMP \
+-net none \
+-m $QEMU_MEM \
+-nographic \
+-kernel $KERNEL_BIN \
+-drive format=raw,cache=unsafe,file=$image \
+$QEMU_OPTIONS \
+"
+
+    if [[ "$INITRD" && "$SKIP_INITRD" != "yes" ]]; then
+        QEMU_OPTIONS="$QEMU_OPTIONS -initrd $INITRD"
+    fi
+
+    # Let's use KVM if possible
+    if [[ -c /dev/kvm && $QEMU_KVM == "yes" ]]; then
+        QEMU_OPTIONS="$QEMU_OPTIONS -machine accel=kvm -enable-kvm -cpu host"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ "$QEMU_TIMEOUT" != "infinity" ]]; then
+        QEMU_BIN="timeout --foreground $QEMU_TIMEOUT $QEMU_BIN"
+    fi
+    (set -x; $QEMU_BIN $QEMU_OPTIONS -append "$KERNEL_APPEND")
+    rc=$?
+    if [ "$rc" = 124 ] && [ "$QEMU_TIMEOUT" != "infinity" ]; then
+        derror "test timed out after $QEMU_TIMEOUT s"
+        TIMED_OUT=1
+    else
+        [ "$rc" != 0 ] && derror "QEMU failed with exit code $rc"
+    fi
+    return 0
+}
+
+# Return 0 if nspawn did run (then you must check the result state/logs for actual
+# success), or 1 if nspawn is not available.
+run_nspawn() {
+    [[ -d /run/systemd/system ]] || return 1
+    rm -f "$initdir"/{testok,failed,skipped}
+
+    local _nspawn_cmd=(
+        --register=no
+        --kill-signal=SIGKILL
+        --directory=$1
+        --setenv=SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH=/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/testsuite-$2.units:/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/units:
+        $PATH_TO_INIT
+        $KERNEL_APPEND
+        systemd.unit=testsuite.target
+        systemd.wants=testsuite-$2.service
+    )
+
+    if [[ ! "$INTERACTIVE_DEBUG" ]]; then
+        _nspawn_cmd+=( systemd.wants=end.service )
+    fi
+
+    local _nspawn_pre
+    if [[ "$NSPAWN_TIMEOUT" != "infinity" ]]; then
+        _nspawn_pre=(timeout --foreground $NSPAWN_TIMEOUT)
+    else
+        _nspawn_pre=()
+    fi
+
+    if [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "hybrid" ]]; then
+        dwarn "nspawn doesn't support SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY=hybrid, skipping"
+        exit
+    elif [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "yes" || "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "no" ]]; then
+        _nspawn_pre=("${_nspawn_pre[@]}" env SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY=$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY)
+    elif [[ "$UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY" = "default" ]]; then
+        _nspawn_pre=("${_nspawn_pre[@]}" env --unset=UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY --unset=SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY)
+    else
+        dfatal "Unknown UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY. Got $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY, expected [yes|no|hybrid|default]"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    (set -x; "${_nspawn_pre[@]}" "$SYSTEMD_NSPAWN" $NSPAWN_ARGUMENTS "${_nspawn_cmd[@]}")
+    rc=$?
+    if [ "$rc" = 124 ] && [ "$NSPAWN_TIMEOUT" != "infinity" ]; then
+        derror "test timed out after $NSPAWN_TIMEOUT s"
+        TIMED_OUT=1
+    else
+        [ "$rc" != 0 ] && derror "nspawn failed with exit code $rc"
+    fi
+    return 0
+}
+
+setup_basic_environment() {
+    # create the basic filesystem layout
+    setup_basic_dirs
+
+    install_systemd
+    install_missing_libraries
+    install_config_files
+    install_zoneinfo
+    create_rc_local
+    install_basic_tools
+    install_libnss
+    install_pam
+    install_dbus
+    install_fonts
+    install_keymaps
+    install_terminfo
+    install_execs
+    install_fsck
+    install_plymouth
+    install_debug_tools
+    install_ld_so_conf
+    install_testuser
+    has_user_dbus_socket && install_user_dbus
+    setup_selinux
+    strip_binaries
+    install_depmod_files
+    generate_module_dependencies
+    if [[ "$IS_BUILT_WITH_ASAN" = "yes" ]]; then
+        create_asan_wrapper
+    fi
+}
+
+setup_selinux() {
+    # don't forget KERNEL_APPEND='... selinux=1 ...'
+    if [[ "$SETUP_SELINUX" != "yes" ]]; then
+        ddebug "Don't setup SELinux"
+        return 0
+    fi
+    ddebug "Setup SELinux"
+    local _conf_dir=/etc/selinux
+    local _fixfiles_tools="bash uname cat sort uniq awk grep egrep head expr find rm secon setfiles"
+
+    rm -rf $initdir/$_conf_dir
+    if ! cp -ar $_conf_dir $initdir/$_conf_dir; then
+        dfatal "Failed to copy $_conf_dir"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    touch $initdir/.autorelabel
+    mkdir -p $initdir/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/units/basic.target.wants
+    ln -sf ../autorelabel.service $initdir/usr/lib/systemd/tests/testdata/units/basic.target.wants/
+
+    dracut_install $_fixfiles_tools
+    dracut_install fixfiles
+    dracut_install sestatus
+}
+
+install_valgrind() {
+    if ! type -p valgrind; then
+        dfatal "Failed to install valgrind"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    local _valgrind_bins=$(strace -e execve valgrind /bin/true 2>&1 >/dev/null | perl -lne 'print $1 if /^execve\("([^"]+)"/')
+    dracut_install $_valgrind_bins
+
+    local _valgrind_libs=$(LD_DEBUG=files valgrind /bin/true 2>&1 >/dev/null | perl -lne 'print $1 if m{calling init: (/.*vgpreload_.*)}')
+    dracut_install $_valgrind_libs
+
+    local _valgrind_dbg_and_supp=$(
+        strace -e open valgrind /bin/true 2>&1 >/dev/null |
+        perl -lne 'if (my ($fname) = /^open\("([^"]+).*= (?!-)\d+/) { print $fname if $fname =~ /debug|\.supp$/ }'
+    )
+    dracut_install $_valgrind_dbg_and_supp
+}
+
+create_valgrind_wrapper() {
+    local _valgrind_wrapper=$initdir/$ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-under-valgrind
+    ddebug "Create $_valgrind_wrapper"
+    cat >$_valgrind_wrapper <<EOF
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+mount -t proc proc /proc
+exec valgrind --leak-check=full --log-file=/valgrind.out $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd "\$@"
+EOF
+    chmod 0755 $_valgrind_wrapper
+}
+
+create_asan_wrapper() {
+    local _asan_wrapper=$initdir/$ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-under-asan
+    local _asan_rt_pattern
+    ddebug "Create $_asan_wrapper"
+
+    case "$ASAN_COMPILER" in
+        gcc)
+            _asan_rt_pattern="*libasan*"
+            ;;
+        clang)
+            _asan_rt_pattern="libclang_rt.asan-*"
+            # Install llvm-symbolizer to generate useful reports
+            # See: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html#symbolizing-the-reports
+            dracut_install "llvm-symbolizer"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            dfail "Unsupported compiler: $ASAN_COMPILER"
+            exit 1
+    esac
+
+    cat >$_asan_wrapper <<EOF
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -x
+
+DEFAULT_ASAN_OPTIONS=${ASAN_OPTIONS:-strict_string_checks=1:detect_stack_use_after_return=1:check_initialization_order=1:strict_init_order=1}
+DEFAULT_UBSAN_OPTIONS=${UBSAN_OPTIONS:-print_stacktrace=1:print_summary=1:halt_on_error=1}
+DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT="ASAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_ASAN_OPTIONS UBSAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_UBSAN_OPTIONS"
+
+# As right now bash is the PID 1, we can't expect PATH to have a sane value.
+# Let's make one to prevent unexpected "<bin> not found" issues in the future
+export PATH="/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+
+mount -t proc proc /proc
+mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
+mount -o remount,rw /
+
+PATH_TO_ASAN=\$(find / -name '$_asan_rt_pattern' | sed 1q)
+if [[ "\$PATH_TO_ASAN" ]]; then
+  # A lot of services (most notably dbus) won't start without preloading libasan
+  # See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/5004
+  DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT="\$DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT LD_PRELOAD=\$PATH_TO_ASAN"
+  # Let's add the ASan DSO's path to the dynamic linker's cache. This is pretty
+  # unnecessary for gcc & libasan, however, for clang this is crucial, as its
+  # runtime ASan DSO is in a non-standard (library) path.
+  echo \${PATH_TO_ASAN%/*} > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/asan-path-override.conf
+  ldconfig
+fi
+echo DefaultEnvironment=\$DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT >>/etc/systemd/system.conf
+echo DefaultTimeoutStartSec=180s >>/etc/systemd/system.conf
+echo DefaultStandardOutput=journal+console >>/etc/systemd/system.conf
+
+# ASAN and syscall filters aren't compatible with each other.
+find / -name '*.service' -type f | xargs sed -i 's/^\\(MemoryDeny\\|SystemCall\\)/#\\1/'
+
+# The redirection of ASAN reports to a file prevents them from ending up in /dev/null.
+# But, apparently, sometimes it doesn't work: https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/886.
+JOURNALD_CONF_DIR=/etc/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service.d
+mkdir -p "\$JOURNALD_CONF_DIR"
+printf "[Service]\nEnvironment=ASAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_ASAN_OPTIONS:log_path=/systemd-journald.asan.log UBSAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_UBSAN_OPTIONS:log_path=/systemd-journald.ubsan.log\n" >"\$JOURNALD_CONF_DIR/env.conf"
+
+# Sometimes UBSan sends its reports to stderr regardless of what is specified in log_path
+# Let's try to catch them by redirecting stderr (and stdout just in case) to a file
+# See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/12524#issuecomment-491108821
+printf "[Service]\nStandardOutput=file:/systemd-journald.out\n" >"\$JOURNALD_CONF_DIR/out.conf"
+
+# 90s isn't enough for some services to finish when literally everything is run
+# under ASan+UBSan in containers, which, in turn, are run in VMs.
+# Let's limit which environments such services should be executed in.
+mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.service.d
+printf "[Unit]\nConditionVirtualization=container\n\n[Service]\nTimeoutSec=240s\n" >/etc/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.service.d/env-override.conf
+
+# Let's override another hard-coded timeout that kicks in too early
+mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/systemd-journal-flush.service.d
+printf "[Service]\nTimeoutSec=180s\n" >/etc/systemd/system/systemd-journal-flush.service.d/timeout.conf
+
+# The 'mount' utility doesn't behave well under libasan, causing unexpected
+# fails during boot and subsequent test results check:
+# bash-5.0# mount -o remount,rw -v /
+# mount: /dev/sda1 mounted on /.
+# bash-5.0# echo \$?
+# 1
+# Let's workaround this by clearing the previously set LD_PRELOAD env variable,
+# so the libasan library is not loaded for this particular service
+unset_ld_preload() {
+    local _dropin_dir="/etc/systemd/system/\$1.service.d"
+    mkdir -p "\$_dropin_dir"
+    printf "[Service]\nUnsetEnvironment=LD_PRELOAD\n" >"\$_dropin_dir/unset_ld_preload.conf"
+}
+
+unset_ld_preload systemd-remount-fs
+unset_ld_preload testsuite-
+
+export ASAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_ASAN_OPTIONS:log_path=/systemd.asan.log UBSAN_OPTIONS=\$DEFAULT_UBSAN_OPTIONS
+exec  $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd "\$@"
+EOF
+
+    chmod 0755 $_asan_wrapper
+}
+
+create_strace_wrapper() {
+    local _strace_wrapper=$initdir/$ROOTLIBDIR/systemd-under-strace
+    ddebug "Create $_strace_wrapper"
+    cat >$_strace_wrapper <<EOF
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+exec strace -D -o /strace.out $ROOTLIBDIR/systemd "\$@"
+EOF
+    chmod 0755 $_strace_wrapper
+}
+
+install_fsck() {
+    dracut_install /sbin/fsck*
+    dracut_install -o /bin/fsck*
+
+    # fskc.reiserfs calls reiserfsck. so, install it
+    dracut_install -o reiserfsck
+}
+
+install_dmevent() {
+    instmods dm_crypt =crypto
+    inst_binary dmeventd
+    if [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_DEBIAN" ]]; then
+        # dmsetup installs 55-dm and 60-persistent-storage-dm on Debian/Ubuntu
+        # and since buster/bionic 95-dm-notify.rules
+        # see https://gitlab.com/debian-lvm/lvm2/blob/master/debian/patches/udev.patch
+        inst_rules 55-dm.rules 60-persistent-storage-dm.rules 95-dm-notify.rules
+    else
+        inst_rules 10-dm.rules 13-dm-disk.rules 95-dm-notify.rules
+    fi
+    if [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE" ]]; then
+        inst_rules 60-persistent-storage.rules 61-persistent-storage-compat.rules 99-systemd.rules
+    fi
+}
+
+install_systemd() {
+    ddebug "Install compiled systemd"
+
+    local _ninja_bin=$(type -P ninja || type -P ninja-build)
+    if [[ -z "$_ninja_bin" ]]; then
+        dfatal "ninja was not found"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    (set -x; DESTDIR=$initdir "$_ninja_bin" -C $BUILD_DIR install)
+    # remove unneeded documentation
+    rm -fr $initdir/usr/share/{man,doc}
+
+    [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_SUSE" ]] && setup_suse
+
+    # enable debug logging in PID1
+    echo LogLevel=debug >> $initdir/etc/systemd/system.conf
+    # store coredumps in journal
+    echo Storage=journal >> $initdir/etc/systemd/coredump.conf
+}
+
+get_ldpath() {
+    local _bin="$1"
+    local rpath=$(objdump -p "$_bin" 2>/dev/null | awk "/R(UN)?PATH/ { print \"$initdir\" \$2 }" | paste -sd :)
+
+    if [ -z "$rpath" ] ; then
+        echo $BUILD_DIR
+    else
+        echo $rpath
+    fi
+}
+
+install_missing_libraries() {
+    # install possible missing libraries
+    for i in $initdir{,/usr}/{sbin,bin}/* $initdir{,/usr}/lib/systemd/{,tests/{,manual/,unsafe/}}*; do
+        LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:}$(get_ldpath $i):$(get_ldpath $i)/src/udev" inst_libs $i
+    done
+}
+
+cleanup_loopdev() {
+    if [ -n "${LOOPDEV}" ]; then
+        ddebug "losetup -d $LOOPDEV"
+        losetup -d "${LOOPDEV}"
+        unset LOOPDEV
+    fi
+}
+
+trap cleanup_loopdev EXIT INT QUIT PIPE
+
+create_empty_image() {
+    if [ -z "$IMAGE_NAME" ]; then
+        echo "create_empty_image: \$IMAGE_NAME not set"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    local _size=500
+    if [[ "$STRIP_BINARIES" = "no" ]]; then
+        _size=$((4*_size))
+    fi
+
+    echo "Setting up $IMAGE_PUBLIC (${_size} MB)"
+    rm -f "$IMAGE_PRIVATE" "$IMAGE_PUBLIC"
+
+    # Create the blank file to use as a root filesystem
+    truncate -s "${_size}M" "$IMAGE_PUBLIC"
+
+    LOOPDEV=$(losetup --show -P -f "$IMAGE_PUBLIC")
+    [ -b "$LOOPDEV" ] || return 1
+    sfdisk "$LOOPDEV" <<EOF
+,$((_size-50))M
+,
+EOF
+
+    udevadm settle
+
+    local _label="-L systemd.${name}"
+    # mkfs.reiserfs doesn't know -L. so, use --label instead
+    [[ "$FSTYPE" == "reiserfs" ]] && _label="--label systemd.${name}"
+    mkfs -t "${FSTYPE}" ${_label} "${LOOPDEV}p1" -q; ret=$?
+    if [ $ret -ne 0 ] ; then
+        dfatal "Failed to mkfs -t ${FSTYPE}"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+mount_initdir() {
+    if [ -z "${LOOPDEV}" ]; then
+        [ -e "$IMAGE_PRIVATE" ] && image="$IMAGE_PRIVATE" || image="$IMAGE_PUBLIC"
+        LOOPDEV=$(losetup --show -P -f "$image")
+        [ -b "$LOOPDEV" ] || return 1
+
+        udevadm settle
+    fi
+
+    if ! mountpoint -q $initdir; then
+        mkdir -p $initdir
+        mount ${LOOPDEV}p1 $initdir
+        TEST_SETUP_CLEANUP_ROOTDIR=1
+    fi
+}
+
+cleanup_initdir() {
+    # only umount if create_empty_image_rootdir() was called to mount it
+    [[ -z $TEST_SETUP_CLEANUP_ROOTDIR ]] || _umount_dir $initdir
+}
+
+umount_loopback() {
+    # unmount the loopback device from all places. Otherwise we risk file
+    # system corruption.
+    for device in $(losetup -l | awk '$6=="'"$IMAGE_PUBLIC"'" {print $1}'); do
+        ddebug "Unmounting all uses of $device"
+        mount | awk '/^'"${device}"'p/{print $1}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty umount -v
+    done
+}
+
+create_empty_image_rootdir() {
+    create_empty_image
+    mount_initdir
+}
+
+check_asan_reports() {
+    local ret=0
+    local root="$1"
+
+    if [[ "$IS_BUILT_WITH_ASAN" = "yes" ]]; then
+        ls -l "$root"
+        if [[ -e "$root/systemd.asan.log.1" ]]; then
+            cat "$root/systemd.asan.log.1"
+            ret=$(($ret+1))
+        fi
+
+        journald_report=$(find "$root" -name "systemd-journald.*san.log*" -exec cat {} \;)
+        if [[ ! -z "$journald_report" ]]; then
+            printf "%s\n" "$journald_report"
+            cat "$root/systemd-journald.out" || :
+            ret=$(($ret+1))
+        fi
+
+        pids=$(
+            "$JOURNALCTL" -D "$root/var/log/journal" | perl -alne '
+                 BEGIN {
+                     %services_to_ignore = (
+                         "dbus-daemon" => undef,
+                     );
+                 }
+                 print $2 if /\s(\S*)\[(\d+)\]:\s*SUMMARY:\s+\w+Sanitizer/ && !exists $services_to_ignore{$1}'
+        )
+        if [[ ! -z "$pids" ]]; then
+            ret=$(($ret+1))
+            for pid in $pids; do
+                "$JOURNALCTL" -D "$root/var/log/journal" _PID=$pid --no-pager
+            done
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    return $ret
+}
+
+save_journal() {
+    if [ -n "${ARTIFACT_DIRECTORY}" ]; then
+        dest="${ARTIFACT_DIRECTORY}/${testname}.journal"
+    else
+        dest="$TESTDIR/system.journal"
+    fi
+
+    for j in $1/*; do
+        $SYSTEMD_JOURNAL_REMOTE \
+            -o $dest \
+            --getter="$JOURNALCTL -o export -D $j"
+
+        if [ -n "${TEST_SHOW_JOURNAL}" ]; then
+            echo "---- $j ----"
+            $JOURNALCTL --no-pager -o short-monotonic --no-hostname --priority=${TEST_SHOW_JOURNAL} -D $j
+        fi
+
+        rm -r $j
+    done
+
+    # we want to print this sometime later, so save this in a variable
+    JOURNAL_LIST="$(ls -l $dest*)"
+}
+
+check_result_nspawn() {
+    local ret=1
+    local journald_report=""
+    local pids=""
+    [[ -e $1/testok ]] && ret=0
+    [[ -f $1/failed ]] && cp -a $1/failed $TESTDIR
+    save_journal $1/var/log/journal
+    [[ -f $TESTDIR/failed ]] && cat $TESTDIR/failed
+    echo $JOURNAL_LIST
+    test -s $TESTDIR/failed && ret=$(($ret+1))
+    [ -n "$TIMED_OUT" ] && ret=$(($ret+1))
+    check_asan_reports "$1" || ret=$(($ret+1))
+    _umount_dir $initdir
+    return $ret
+}
+
+# can be overridden in specific test
+check_result_qemu() {
+    local ret=1
+    mount_initdir
+    [[ -e $initdir/testok ]] && ret=0
+    [[ -f $initdir/failed ]] && cp -a $initdir/failed $TESTDIR
+    save_journal $initdir/var/log/journal
+    check_asan_reports "$initdir" || ret=$(($ret+1))
+    _umount_dir $initdir
+    [[ -f $TESTDIR/failed ]] && cat $TESTDIR/failed
+    echo $JOURNAL_LIST
+    test -s $TESTDIR/failed && ret=$(($ret+1))
+    [ -n "$TIMED_OUT" ] && ret=$(($ret+1))
+    return $ret
+}
+
+strip_binaries() {
+    if [[ "$STRIP_BINARIES" = "no" ]]; then
+        ddebug "Don't strip binaries"
+        return 0
+    fi
+    ddebug "Strip binaries"
+    find "$initdir" -executable -not -path '*/lib/modules/*.ko' -type f | \
+        xargs strip --strip-unneeded |& \
+        grep -vi 'file format not recognized' | \
+        ddebug
+}
+
+create_rc_local() {
+    mkdir -p $initdir/etc/rc.d
+    cat >$initdir/etc/rc.d/rc.local <<EOF
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+exit 0
+EOF
+    chmod 0755 $initdir/etc/rc.d/rc.local
+}
+
+install_execs() {
+    ddebug "install any Execs from the service files"
+    (
+    export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$BUILD_DIR/src/core/
+    systemdsystemunitdir=$(pkg-config --variable=systemdsystemunitdir systemd)
+    systemduserunitdir=$(pkg-config --variable=systemduserunitdir systemd)
+    sed -r -n 's|^Exec[a-zA-Z]*=[@+!-]*([^ ]+).*|\1|gp' $initdir/{$systemdsystemunitdir,$systemduserunitdir}/*.service \
+         | sort -u | while read i; do
+         # some {rc,halt}.local scripts and programs are okay to not exist, the rest should
+         # also, plymouth is pulled in by rescue.service, but even there the exit code
+         # is ignored; as it's not present on some distros, don't fail if it doesn't exist
+         dinfo "Attempting to install $i"
+         inst $i || [ "${i%.local}" != "$i" ] || [ "${i%systemd-update-done}" != "$i" ] || [ "${i##*/}" == "plymouth" ]
+     done
+    )
+}
+
+generate_module_dependencies() {
+    if [[ -d $initdir/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER ]] && \
+        ! depmod -a -b "$initdir" $KERNEL_VER; then
+            dfatal "\"depmod -a $KERNEL_VER\" failed."
+            exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+install_depmod_files() {
+    inst /lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/modules.order
+    inst /lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/modules.builtin
+}
+
+install_plymouth() {
+    # install plymouth, if found... else remove plymouth service files
+    # if [ -x /usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-populate-initrd ]; then
+    #     PLYMOUTH_POPULATE_SOURCE_FUNCTIONS="$TEST_BASE_DIR/test-functions" \
+    #         /usr/libexec/plymouth/plymouth-populate-initrd -t $initdir
+    #         dracut_install plymouth plymouthd
+    # else
+        rm -f $initdir/{usr/lib,lib,etc}/systemd/system/plymouth* $initdir/{usr/lib,lib,etc}/systemd/system/*/plymouth*
+    # fi
+}
+
+install_ld_so_conf() {
+    cp -a /etc/ld.so.conf* $initdir/etc
+    ldconfig -r "$initdir"
+}
+
+install_testuser() {
+    # create unprivileged user for user manager tests
+    mkdir -p $initdir/etc/sysusers.d
+    cat >$initdir/etc/sysusers.d/testuser.conf <<EOF
+u testuser    4711     "Test User" /home/testuser
+EOF
+
+    mkdir -p $initdir/home/testuser -m 0700
+    chown 4711:4711 $initdir/home/testuser
+}
+
+install_config_files() {
+    inst /etc/sysconfig/init || :
+    inst /etc/passwd
+    inst /etc/shadow
+    inst_any /etc/login.defs /usr/etc/login.defs
+    inst /etc/group
+    inst /etc/shells
+    inst_any /etc/nsswitch.conf /usr/etc/nsswitch.conf
+    inst /etc/pam.conf || :
+    inst_any /etc/os-release /usr/lib/os-release
+    inst /etc/localtime
+    # we want an empty environment
+    > $initdir/etc/environment
+    > $initdir/etc/machine-id
+
+    # set the hostname
+    echo systemd-testsuite > $initdir/etc/hostname
+
+    # let's set up just one image with the traditional verbose output
+    if [ ${IMAGE_NAME} != "basic" ]; then
+        mkdir -p $initdir/etc/systemd/system.conf.d
+        echo -e '[Manager]\nStatusUnitFormat=name' >$initdir/etc/systemd/system.conf.d/status.conf
+    fi
+}
+
+install_basic_tools() {
+    dracut_install "${BASICTOOLS[@]}"
+    dracut_install -o sushell
+    # in Debian ldconfig is just a shell script wrapper around ldconfig.real
+    dracut_install -o ldconfig.real
+}
+
+install_debug_tools() {
+    dracut_install "${DEBUGTOOLS[@]}"
+
+    if [[ $INTERACTIVE_DEBUG ]]; then
+        # Set default TERM from vt220 to linux, so at least basic key shortcuts work
+        local _getty_override="$initdir/etc/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service.d"
+        mkdir -p "$_getty_override"
+        echo -e "[Service]\nEnvironment=TERM=linux" > "$_getty_override/default-TERM.conf"
+
+        cat > "$initdir/etc/motd" << EOF
+To adjust the terminal size use:
+    export COLUMNS=xx
+    export LINES=yy
+or
+    stty cols xx rows yy
+EOF
+    fi
+}
+
+install_libnss() {
+    # install libnss_files for login
+    NSS_LIBS=$(LD_DEBUG=files getent passwd 2>&1 >/dev/null |sed -n '/calling init: .*libnss_/ {s!^.* /!/!; p}')
+    dracut_install $NSS_LIBS
+}
+
+install_dbus() {
+    inst $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus.socket
+
+    # Newer Fedora versions use dbus-broker by default. Let's install it if it's available.
+    if [ -f $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus-broker.service ]; then
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus-broker.service
+        inst_symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus.service
+        inst /usr/bin/dbus-broker
+        inst /usr/bin/dbus-broker-launch
+    elif [ -f $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus-daemon.service ]; then
+        # Fedora rawhide replaced dbus.service with dbus-daemon.service
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus-daemon.service
+        # Alias symlink
+        inst_symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus.service
+    else
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus.service
+    fi
+
+    find \
+        /etc/dbus-1 /usr/share/dbus-1 -xtype f \
+        | while read file; do
+        inst $file
+    done
+
+    # setup policy for Type=dbus test
+    mkdir -p $initdir/etc/dbus-1/system.d
+    cat > $initdir/etc/dbus-1/system.d/systemd.test.ExecStopPost.conf <<EOF
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!DOCTYPE busconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Bus Configuration 1.0//EN"
+        "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/busconfig.dtd">
+<busconfig>
+    <policy user="root">
+        <allow own="systemd.test.ExecStopPost"/>
+    </policy>
+</busconfig>
+EOF
+}
+
+install_user_dbus() {
+    inst $ROOTLIBDIR/user/dbus.socket
+    inst_symlink /usr/lib/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/dbus.socket || inst_symlink /etc/systemd/user/sockets.target.wants/dbus.socket
+
+    # Append the After= dependency on dbus in case it isn't already set up
+    mkdir -p "$initdir/etc/systemd/system/user@.service.d/"
+    cat <<EOF >"$initdir/etc/systemd/system/user@.service.d/dbus.conf"
+[Unit]
+After=dbus.service
+EOF
+
+    # Newer Fedora versions use dbus-broker by default. Let's install it if it's available.
+    if [ -f $ROOTLIBDIR/user/dbus-broker.service ]; then
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/user/dbus-broker.service
+        inst_symlink /etc/systemd/user/dbus.service
+    elif [ -f $ROOTLIBDIR/system/dbus-daemon.service ]; then
+        # Fedora rawhide replaced dbus.service with dbus-daemon.service
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/user/dbus-daemon.service
+        # Alias symlink
+        inst_symlink /etc/systemd/user/dbus.service
+    else
+        inst $ROOTLIBDIR/user/dbus.service
+    fi
+}
+
+install_pam() {
+    (
+    if [[ "$LOOKS_LIKE_DEBIAN" ]] && type -p dpkg-architecture &>/dev/null; then
+        find "/lib/$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)/security" -xtype f
+    else
+        find /lib*/security -xtype f
+    fi
+    for d in /etc/pam.d /etc/security /usr/lib/pam.d; do
+        [ -d "$d" ] && find $d -xtype f
+    done
+    ) | while read file; do
+        inst $file
+    done
+
+    # pam_unix depends on unix_chkpwd.
+    # see http://www.linux-pam.org/Linux-PAM-html/sag-pam_unix.html
+    dracut_install -o unix_chkpwd
+
+    # set empty root password for easy debugging
+    sed -i 's/^root:x:/root::/' $initdir/etc/passwd
+}
+
+install_keymaps() {
+    # The first three paths may be deprecated.
+    # It seems now the last two paths are used by many distributions.
+    for i in \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/include/* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/include/* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us.* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/legacy/include/* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/legacy/i386/qwerty/us.*; do
+            [[ -f $i ]] || continue
+            inst $i
+    done
+
+    # When it takes any argument, then install more keymaps.
+    if [[ -n $1 ]]; then
+        for i in \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/*/* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/legacy/i386/*/*; do
+            [[ -f $i ]] || continue
+            inst $i
+        done
+    fi
+}
+
+install_zoneinfo() {
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Seoul
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Vladivostok
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Australia/Sydney
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Kiev
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Pacific/Auckland
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/Pacific/Honolulu
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/CET
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/EET
+    inst_any /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC
+}
+
+install_fonts() {
+    for i in \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/eurlatgr* \
+        /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/latarcyrheb-sun16*; do
+            [[ -f $i ]] || continue
+            inst $i
+    done
+}
+
+install_terminfo() {
+    for _terminfodir in /lib/terminfo /etc/terminfo /usr/share/terminfo; do
+        [ -f ${_terminfodir}/l/linux ] && break
+    done
+    dracut_install -o ${_terminfodir}/l/linux
+}
+
+has_user_dbus_socket() {
+    if [ -f /usr/lib/systemd/user/dbus.socket ] || [ -f /etc/systemd/user/dbus.socket ]; then
+        return 0
+    else
+        echo "Per-user instances are not supported. Skipping..."
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+setup_nspawn_root() {
+    if [ -z "${initdir}" ]; then
+        dfatal "\$initdir not defined"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    rm -rf "$TESTDIR/unprivileged-nspawn-root"
+
+    if [[ "$RUN_IN_UNPRIVILEGED_CONTAINER" = "yes" ]]; then
+        ddebug "cp -ar $initdir $TESTDIR/unprivileged-nspawn-root"
+        cp -ar $initdir $TESTDIR/unprivileged-nspawn-root
+    fi
+}
+
+setup_basic_dirs() {
+    mkdir -p $initdir/run
+    mkdir -p $initdir/etc/systemd/system
+    mkdir -p $initdir/var/log/journal
+
+    for d in usr/bin usr/sbin bin etc lib "$libdir" sbin tmp usr var var/log dev proc sys sysroot root run run/lock run/initramfs; do
+        if [ -L "/$d" ]; then
+            inst_symlink "/$d"
+        else
+            inst_dir "/$d"
+        fi
+    done
+
+    ln -sfn /run "$initdir/var/run"
+    ln -sfn /run/lock "$initdir/var/lock"
+}
+
+mask_supporting_services() {
+    # mask some services that we do not want to run in these tests
+    ln -fs /dev/null $initdir/etc/systemd/system/systemd-hwdb-update.service
+    ln -fs /dev/null $initdir/etc/systemd/system/systemd-journal-catalog-update.service
+    ln -fs /dev/null $initdir/etc/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.service
+    ln -fs /dev/null $initdir/etc/systemd/system/systemd-networkd.socket
+    ln -fs /dev/null $initdir/etc/systemd/system/systemd-resolved.service
+}
+
+inst_libs() {
+    local _bin=$1
+    local _so_regex='([^ ]*/lib[^/]*/[^ ]*\.so[^ ]*)'
+    local _file _line
+
+    LC_ALL=C ldd "$_bin" 2>/dev/null | while read _line; do
+        [[ $_line = 'not a dynamic executable' ]] && break
+
+        if [[ $_line =~ $_so_regex ]]; then
+            _file=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+            [[ -e ${initdir}/$_file ]] && continue
+            inst_library "$_file"
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        if [[ $_line =~ not\ found ]]; then
+            dfatal "Missing a shared library required by $_bin."
+            dfatal "Run \"ldd $_bin\" to find out what it is."
+            dfatal "$_line"
+            dfatal "dracut cannot create an initrd."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+import_testdir() {
+    # make sure we don't get a stale LOOPDEV value from old times
+    __LOOPDEV=$LOOPDEV
+    [[ -e $STATEFILE ]] && . $STATEFILE
+    LOOPDEV=$__LOOPDEV
+    if [[ ! -d "$TESTDIR" ]]; then
+        if [[ -z "$TESTDIR" ]]; then
+            TESTDIR=$(mktemp --tmpdir=/var/tmp -d -t systemd-test.XXXXXX)
+        else
+            mkdir -p "$TESTDIR"
+        fi
+
+        cat >$STATEFILE<<EOF
+TESTDIR="$TESTDIR"
+EOF
+        export TESTDIR
+    fi
+
+    IMAGE_PRIVATE="${TESTDIR}/${IMAGE_NAME}.img"
+    IMAGE_PUBLIC="${IMAGESTATEDIR}/${IMAGE_NAME}.img"
+}
+
+import_initdir() {
+    initdir=$TESTDIR/root
+    mkdir -p $initdir
+    export initdir
+}
+
+## @brief Converts numeric logging level to the first letter of level name.
+#
+# @param lvl Numeric logging level in range from 1 to 6.
+# @retval 1 if @a lvl is out of range.
+# @retval 0 if @a lvl is correct.
+# @result Echoes first letter of level name.
+_lvl2char() {
+    case "$1" in
+        1) echo F;;
+        2) echo E;;
+        3) echo W;;
+        4) echo I;;
+        5) echo D;;
+        6) echo T;;
+        *) return 1;;
+    esac
+}
+
+## @brief Internal helper function for _do_dlog()
+#
+# @param lvl Numeric logging level.
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+#
+# @note This function is not supposed to be called manually. Please use
+# dtrace(), ddebug(), or others instead which wrap this one.
+#
+# This function calls _do_dlog() either with parameter msg, or if
+# none is given, it will read standard input and will use every line as
+# a message.
+#
+# This enables:
+# dwarn "This is a warning"
+# echo "This is a warning" | dwarn
+LOG_LEVEL=${LOG_LEVEL:-4}
+
+dlog() {
+    [ -z "$LOG_LEVEL" ] && return 0
+    [ $1 -le $LOG_LEVEL ] || return 0
+    local lvl="$1"; shift
+    local lvlc=$(_lvl2char "$lvl") || return 0
+
+    if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+        echo "$lvlc: $*"
+    else
+        while read line; do
+            echo "$lvlc: " "$line"
+        done
+    fi
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at TRACE level (6)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+dtrace() {
+    set +x
+    dlog 6 "$@"
+    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at DEBUG level (5)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+ddebug() {
+#    set +x
+    dlog 5 "$@"
+#    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at INFO level (4)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+dinfo() {
+    set +x
+    dlog 4 "$@"
+    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at WARN level (3)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+dwarn() {
+    set +x
+    dlog 3 "$@"
+    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at ERROR level (2)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+derror() {
+#    set +x
+    dlog 2 "$@"
+#    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+## @brief Logs message at FATAL level (1)
+#
+# @param msg Message.
+# @retval 0 It's always returned, even if logging failed.
+dfatal() {
+    set +x
+    dlog 1 "$@"
+    [ -n "$debug" ] && set -x || :
+}
+
+
+# Generic substring function.  If $2 is in $1, return 0.
+strstr() { [ "${1#*$2*}" != "$1" ]; }
+
+# normalize_path <path>
+# Prints the normalized path, where it removes any duplicated
+# and trailing slashes.
+# Example:
+# $ normalize_path ///test/test//
+# /test/test
+normalize_path() {
+    shopt -q -s extglob
+    set -- "${1//+(\/)//}"
+    shopt -q -u extglob
+    echo "${1%/}"
+}
+
+# convert_abs_rel <from> <to>
+# Prints the relative path, when creating a symlink to <to> from <from>.
+# Example:
+# $ convert_abs_rel /usr/bin/test /bin/test-2
+# ../../bin/test-2
+# $ ln -s $(convert_abs_rel /usr/bin/test /bin/test-2) /usr/bin/test
+convert_abs_rel() {
+    local __current __absolute __abssize __cursize __newpath
+    local -i __i __level
+
+    set -- "$(normalize_path "$1")" "$(normalize_path "$2")"
+
+    # corner case #1 - self looping link
+    [[ "$1" == "$2" ]] && { echo "${1##*/}"; return; }
+
+    # corner case #2 - own dir link
+    [[ "${1%/*}" == "$2" ]] && { echo "."; return; }
+
+    IFS="/" __current=($1)
+    IFS="/" __absolute=($2)
+
+    __abssize=${#__absolute[@]}
+    __cursize=${#__current[@]}
+
+    while [[ ${__absolute[__level]} == ${__current[__level]} ]]
+    do
+        (( __level++ ))
+        if (( __level > __abssize || __level > __cursize ))
+        then
+            break
+        fi
+    done
+
+    for ((__i = __level; __i < __cursize-1; __i++))
+    do
+        if ((__i > __level))
+        then
+            __newpath=$__newpath"/"
+        fi
+        __newpath=$__newpath".."
+    done
+
+    for ((__i = __level; __i < __abssize; __i++))
+    do
+        if [[ -n $__newpath ]]
+        then
+            __newpath=$__newpath"/"
+        fi
+        __newpath=$__newpath${__absolute[__i]}
+    done
+
+    echo "$__newpath"
+}
+
+
+# Install a directory, keeping symlinks as on the original system.
+# Example: if /lib points to /lib64 on the host, "inst_dir /lib/file"
+# will create ${initdir}/lib64, ${initdir}/lib64/file,
+# and a symlink ${initdir}/lib -> lib64.
+inst_dir() {
+    [[ -e ${initdir}/"$1" ]] && return 0  # already there
+
+    local _dir="$1" _part="${1%/*}" _file
+    while [[ "$_part" != "${_part%/*}" ]] && ! [[ -e "${initdir}/${_part}" ]]; do
+        _dir="$_part $_dir"
+        _part=${_part%/*}
+    done
+
+    # iterate over parent directories
+    for _file in $_dir; do
+        [[ -e "${initdir}/$_file" ]] && continue
+        if [[ -L $_file ]]; then
+            inst_symlink "$_file"
+        else
+            # create directory
+            mkdir -m 0755 -p "${initdir}/$_file" || return 1
+            [[ -e "$_file" ]] && chmod --reference="$_file" "${initdir}/$_file"
+            chmod u+w "${initdir}/$_file"
+        fi
+    done
+}
+
+# $1 = file to copy to ramdisk
+# $2 (optional) Name for the file on the ramdisk
+# Location of the image dir is assumed to be $initdir
+# We never overwrite the target if it exists.
+inst_simple() {
+    [[ -f "$1" ]] || return 1
+    strstr "$1" "/" || return 1
+
+    local _src=$1 target="${2:-$1}"
+    if ! [[ -d ${initdir}/$target ]]; then
+        [[ -e ${initdir}/$target ]] && return 0
+        [[ -L ${initdir}/$target ]] && return 0
+        [[ -d "${initdir}/${target%/*}" ]] || inst_dir "${target%/*}"
+    fi
+    # install checksum files also
+    if [[ -e "${_src%/*}/.${_src##*/}.hmac" ]]; then
+        inst "${_src%/*}/.${_src##*/}.hmac" "${target%/*}/.${target##*/}.hmac"
+    fi
+    ddebug "Installing $_src"
+    cp --sparse=always -pfL "$_src" "${initdir}/$target"
+}
+
+# find symlinks linked to given library file
+# $1 = library file
+# Function searches for symlinks by stripping version numbers appended to
+# library filename, checks if it points to the same target and finally
+# prints the list of symlinks to stdout.
+#
+# Example:
+# rev_lib_symlinks libfoo.so.8.1
+# output: libfoo.so.8 libfoo.so
+# (Only if libfoo.so.8 and libfoo.so exists on host system.)
+rev_lib_symlinks() {
+    [[ ! $1 ]] && return 0
+
+    local fn="$1" orig="$(readlink -f "$1")" links=''
+
+    [[ ${fn} =~ .*\.so\..* ]] || return 1
+
+    until [[ ${fn##*.} == so ]]; do
+        fn="${fn%.*}"
+        [[ -L ${fn} && $(readlink -f "${fn}") == ${orig} ]] && links+=" ${fn}"
+    done
+
+    echo "${links}"
+}
+
+# Same as above, but specialized to handle dynamic libraries.
+# It handles making symlinks according to how the original library
+# is referenced.
+inst_library() {
+    local _src="$1" _dest=${2:-$1} _lib _reallib _symlink
+    strstr "$1" "/" || return 1
+    [[ -e $initdir/$_dest ]] && return 0
+    if [[ -L $_src ]]; then
+        # install checksum files also
+        if [[ -e "${_src%/*}/.${_src##*/}.hmac" ]]; then
+            inst "${_src%/*}/.${_src##*/}.hmac" "${_dest%/*}/.${_dest##*/}.hmac"
+        fi
+        _reallib=$(readlink -f "$_src")
+        inst_simple "$_reallib" "$_reallib"
+        inst_dir "${_dest%/*}"
+        [[ -d "${_dest%/*}" ]] && _dest=$(readlink -f "${_dest%/*}")/${_dest##*/}
+        ln -sfn $(convert_abs_rel "${_dest}" "${_reallib}") "${initdir}/${_dest}"
+    else
+        inst_simple "$_src" "$_dest"
+    fi
+
+    # Create additional symlinks.  See rev_symlinks description.
+    for _symlink in $(rev_lib_symlinks $_src) $(rev_lib_symlinks $_reallib); do
+        [[ -e $initdir/$_symlink ]] || {
+            ddebug "Creating extra symlink: $_symlink"
+            inst_symlink $_symlink
+        }
+    done
+}
+
+# find a binary.  If we were not passed the full path directly,
+# search in the usual places to find the binary.
+find_binary() {
+    if [[ -z ${1##/*} ]]; then
+        if [[ -x $1 ]] || { strstr "$1" ".so" && ldd $1 &>/dev/null; };  then
+            echo $1
+            return 0
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    type -P $1
+}
+
+# Same as above, but specialized to install binary executables.
+# Install binary executable, and all shared library dependencies, if any.
+inst_binary() {
+    local _bin _target
+
+    # In certain cases we might attempt to install a binary which is already
+    # present in the test image, yet it's missing from the host system.
+    # In such cases, let's check if the binary indeed exists in the image
+    # before doing any other chcecks. If it does, immediately return with
+    # success.
+    [[ $# -eq 1 && -e $initdir/$1 ]] && return 0
+
+    _bin=$(find_binary "$1") || return 1
+    _target=${2:-$_bin}
+    [[ -e $initdir/$_target ]] && return 0
+    [[ -L $_bin ]] && inst_symlink $_bin $_target && return 0
+    local _file _line
+    local _so_regex='([^ ]*/lib[^/]*/[^ ]*\.so[^ ]*)'
+    # I love bash!
+    LC_ALL=C ldd "$_bin" 2>/dev/null | while read _line; do
+        [[ $_line = 'not a dynamic executable' ]] && break
+
+        if [[ $_line =~ $_so_regex ]]; then
+            _file=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+            [[ -e ${initdir}/$_file ]] && continue
+            inst_library "$_file"
+            continue
+        fi
+
+        if [[ $_line =~ not\ found ]]; then
+            dfatal "Missing a shared library required by $_bin."
+            dfatal "Run \"ldd $_bin\" to find out what it is."
+            dfatal "$_line"
+            dfatal "dracut cannot create an initrd."
+            exit 1
+        fi
+    done
+    inst_simple "$_bin" "$_target"
+}
+
+# same as above, except for shell scripts.
+# If your shell script does not start with shebang, it is not a shell script.
+inst_script() {
+    local _bin
+    _bin=$(find_binary "$1") || return 1
+    shift
+    local _line _shebang_regex
+    read -r -n 80 _line <"$_bin"
+    # If debug is set, clean unprintable chars to prevent messing up the term
+    [[ $debug ]] && _line=$(echo -n "$_line" | tr -c -d '[:print:][:space:]')
+    _shebang_regex='(#! *)(/[^ ]+).*'
+    [[ $_line =~ $_shebang_regex ]] || return 1
+    inst "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" && inst_simple "$_bin" "$@"
+}
+
+# same as above, but specialized for symlinks
+inst_symlink() {
+    local _src=$1 _target=${2:-$1} _realsrc
+    strstr "$1" "/" || return 1
+    [[ -L $1 ]] || return 1
+    [[ -L $initdir/$_target ]] && return 0
+    _realsrc=$(readlink -f "$_src")
+    if ! [[ -e $initdir/$_realsrc ]]; then
+        if [[ -d $_realsrc ]]; then
+            inst_dir "$_realsrc"
+        else
+            inst "$_realsrc"
+        fi
+    fi
+    [[ ! -e $initdir/${_target%/*} ]] && inst_dir "${_target%/*}"
+    [[ -d ${_target%/*} ]] && _target=$(readlink -f ${_target%/*})/${_target##*/}
+    ln -sfn $(convert_abs_rel "${_target}" "${_realsrc}") "$initdir/$_target"
+}
+
+# attempt to install any programs specified in a udev rule
+inst_rule_programs() {
+    local _prog _bin
+
+    if grep -qE 'PROGRAM==?"[^ "]+' "$1"; then
+        for _prog in $(grep -E 'PROGRAM==?"[^ "]+' "$1" | sed -r 's/.*PROGRAM==?"([^ "]+).*/\1/'); do
+            if [ -x /lib/udev/$_prog ]; then
+                _bin=/lib/udev/$_prog
+            else
+                _bin=$(find_binary "$_prog") || {
+                    dinfo "Skipping program $_prog using in udev rule $(basename $1) as it cannot be found"
+                    continue;
+                }
+            fi
+
+            #dinfo "Installing $_bin due to it's use in the udev rule $(basename $1)"
+            dracut_install "$_bin"
+        done
+    fi
+}
+
+# udev rules always get installed in the same place, so
+# create a function to install them to make life simpler.
+inst_rules() {
+    local _target=/etc/udev/rules.d _rule _found
+
+    inst_dir "/lib/udev/rules.d"
+    inst_dir "$_target"
+    for _rule in "$@"; do
+        if [ "${rule#/}" = "$rule" ]; then
+            for r in /lib/udev/rules.d /etc/udev/rules.d; do
+                if [[ -f $r/$_rule ]]; then
+                    _found="$r/$_rule"
+                    inst_simple "$_found"
+                    inst_rule_programs "$_found"
+                fi
+            done
+        fi
+        for r in '' ./ $dracutbasedir/rules.d/; do
+            if [[ -f ${r}$_rule ]]; then
+                _found="${r}$_rule"
+                inst_simple "$_found" "$_target/${_found##*/}"
+                inst_rule_programs "$_found"
+            fi
+        done
+        [[ $_found ]] || dinfo "Skipping udev rule: $_rule"
+        _found=
+    done
+}
+
+# general purpose installation function
+# Same args as above.
+inst() {
+    local _x
+
+    case $# in
+        1) ;;
+        2) [[ ! $initdir && -d $2 ]] && export initdir=$2
+            [[ $initdir = $2 ]] && set $1;;
+        3) [[ -z $initdir ]] && export initdir=$2
+            set $1 $3;;
+        *) dfatal "inst only takes 1 or 2 or 3 arguments"
+            exit 1;;
+    esac
+    for _x in inst_symlink inst_script inst_binary inst_simple; do
+        $_x "$@" && return 0
+    done
+    return 1
+}
+
+# install any of listed files
+#
+# If first argument is '-d' and second some destination path, first accessible
+# source is installed into this path, otherwise it will installed in the same
+# path as source.  If none of listed files was installed, function return 1.
+# On first successful installation it returns with 0 status.
+#
+# Example:
+#
+# inst_any -d /bin/foo /bin/bar /bin/baz
+#
+# Lets assume that /bin/baz exists, so it will be installed as /bin/foo in
+# initramfs.
+inst_any() {
+    local to f
+
+    [[ $1 = '-d' ]] && to="$2" && shift 2
+
+    for f in "$@"; do
+        if [[ -e $f ]]; then
+            [[ $to ]] && inst "$f" "$to" && return 0
+            inst "$f" && return 0
+        fi
+    done
+
+    return 1
+}
+
+# dracut_install [-o ] <file> [<file> ... ]
+# Install <file> to the initramfs image
+# -o optionally install the <file> and don't fail, if it is not there
+dracut_install() {
+    local _optional=no
+    if [[ $1 = '-o' ]]; then
+        _optional=yes
+        shift
+    fi
+    while (($# > 0)); do
+        if ! inst "$1" ; then
+            if [[ $_optional = yes ]]; then
+                dinfo "Skipping program $1 as it cannot be found and is" \
+                    "flagged to be optional"
+            else
+                dfatal "Failed to install $1"
+                exit 1
+            fi
+        fi
+        shift
+    done
+}
+
+# Install a single kernel module along with any firmware it may require.
+# $1 = full path to kernel module to install
+install_kmod_with_fw() {
+    # no need to go further if the module is already installed
+
+    [[ -e "${initdir}/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/${1##*/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/}" ]] \
+        && return 0
+
+    [[ -e "$initdir/.kernelmodseen/${1##*/}" ]] && return 0
+
+    if [[ $omit_drivers ]]; then
+        local _kmod=${1##*/}
+        _kmod=${_kmod%.ko}
+        _kmod=${_kmod/-/_}
+        if [[ "$_kmod" =~ $omit_drivers ]]; then
+            dinfo "Omitting driver $_kmod"
+            return 1
+        fi
+        if [[ "${1##*/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/}" =~ $omit_drivers ]]; then
+            dinfo "Omitting driver $_kmod"
+            return 1
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    [ -d "$initdir/.kernelmodseen" ] && \
+        > "$initdir/.kernelmodseen/${1##*/}"
+
+    inst_simple "$1" "/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/${1##*/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VER/}" \
+        || return $?
+
+    local _modname=${1##*/} _fwdir _found _fw
+    _modname=${_modname%.ko*}
+    for _fw in $(modinfo -k $KERNEL_VER -F firmware $1 2>/dev/null); do
+        _found=''
+        for _fwdir in $fw_dir; do
+            if [[ -d $_fwdir && -f $_fwdir/$_fw ]]; then
+                inst_simple "$_fwdir/$_fw" "/lib/firmware/$_fw"
+                _found=yes
+            fi
+        done
+        if [[ $_found != yes ]]; then
+            if ! grep -qe "\<${_modname//-/_}\>" /proc/modules; then
+                dinfo "Possible missing firmware \"${_fw}\" for kernel module" \
+                    "\"${_modname}.ko\""
+            else
+                dwarn "Possible missing firmware \"${_fw}\" for kernel module" \
+                    "\"${_modname}.ko\""
+            fi
+        fi
+    done
+    return 0
+}
+
+# Do something with all the dependencies of a kernel module.
+# Note that kernel modules depend on themselves using the technique we use
+# $1 = function to call for each dependency we find
+#      It will be passed the full path to the found kernel module
+# $2 = module to get dependencies for
+# rest of args = arguments to modprobe
+# _fderr specifies FD passed from surrounding scope
+for_each_kmod_dep() {
+    local _func=$1 _kmod=$2 _cmd _modpath _options _found=0
+    shift 2
+    modprobe "$@" --ignore-install --show-depends $_kmod 2>&${_fderr} | (
+        while read _cmd _modpath _options; do
+            [[ $_cmd = insmod ]] || continue
+            $_func ${_modpath} || exit $?
+            _found=1
+        done
+        [[ $_found -eq 0 ]] && exit 1
+        exit 0
+    )
+}
+
+# filter kernel modules to install certain modules that meet specific
+# requirements.
+# $1 = search only in subdirectory of /kernel/$1
+# $2 = function to call with module name to filter.
+#      This function will be passed the full path to the module to test.
+# The behavior of this function can vary depending on whether $hostonly is set.
+# If it is, we will only look at modules that are already in memory.
+# If it is not, we will look at all kernel modules
+# This function returns the full filenames of modules that match $1
+filter_kernel_modules_by_path () (
+    local _modname _filtercmd
+    if ! [[ $hostonly ]]; then
+        _filtercmd='find "$KERNEL_MODS/kernel/$1" "$KERNEL_MODS/extra"'
+        _filtercmd+=' "$KERNEL_MODS/weak-updates" -name "*.ko" -o -name "*.ko.gz"'
+        _filtercmd+=' -o -name "*.ko.xz"'
+        _filtercmd+=' 2>/dev/null'
+    else
+        _filtercmd='cut -d " " -f 1 </proc/modules|xargs modinfo -F filename '
+        _filtercmd+='-k $KERNEL_VER 2>/dev/null'
+    fi
+    for _modname in $(eval $_filtercmd); do
+        case $_modname in
+            *.ko) "$2" "$_modname" && echo "$_modname";;
+            *.ko.gz) gzip -dc "$_modname" > $initdir/$$.ko
+                $2 $initdir/$$.ko && echo "$_modname"
+                rm -f $initdir/$$.ko
+                ;;
+            *.ko.xz) xz -dc "$_modname" > $initdir/$$.ko
+                $2 $initdir/$$.ko && echo "$_modname"
+                rm -f $initdir/$$.ko
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done
+)
+find_kernel_modules_by_path () (
+    if ! [[ $hostonly ]]; then
+        find "$KERNEL_MODS/kernel/$1" "$KERNEL_MODS/extra" "$KERNEL_MODS/weak-updates" \
+          -name "*.ko" -o -name "*.ko.gz" -o -name "*.ko.xz" 2>/dev/null
+    else
+        cut -d " " -f 1 </proc/modules \
+        | xargs modinfo -F filename -k $KERNEL_VER 2>/dev/null
+    fi
+)
+
+filter_kernel_modules () {
+    filter_kernel_modules_by_path  drivers  "$1"
+}
+
+find_kernel_modules () {
+    find_kernel_modules_by_path  drivers
+}
+
+# instmods [-c] <kernel module> [<kernel module> ... ]
+# instmods [-c] <kernel subsystem>
+# install kernel modules along with all their dependencies.
+# <kernel subsystem> can be e.g. "=block" or "=drivers/usb/storage"
+instmods() {
+    [[ $no_kernel = yes ]] && return
+    # called [sub]functions inherit _fderr
+    local _fderr=9
+    local _check=no
+    if [[ $1 = '-c' ]]; then
+        _check=yes
+        shift
+    fi
+
+    function inst1mod() {
+        local _ret=0 _mod="$1"
+        case $_mod in
+            =*)
+                if [ -f $KERNEL_MODS/modules.${_mod#=} ]; then
+                    ( [[ "$_mpargs" ]] && echo $_mpargs
+                      cat "${KERNEL_MODS}/modules.${_mod#=}" ) \
+                    | instmods
+                else
+                    ( [[ "$_mpargs" ]] && echo $_mpargs
+                      find "$KERNEL_MODS" -path "*/${_mod#=}/*" -type f -printf '%f\n' ) \
+                    | instmods
+                fi
+                ;;
+            --*) _mpargs+=" $_mod" ;;
+            i2o_scsi) return ;; # Do not load this diagnostic-only module
+            *)
+                _mod=${_mod##*/}
+                # if we are already installed, skip this module and go on
+                # to the next one.
+                [[ -f "$initdir/.kernelmodseen/${_mod%.ko}.ko" ]] && return
+
+                if [[ $omit_drivers ]] && [[ "$1" =~ $omit_drivers ]]; then
+                    dinfo "Omitting driver ${_mod##$KERNEL_MODS}"
+                    return
+                fi
+                # If we are building a host-specific initramfs and this
+                # module is not already loaded, move on to the next one.
+                [[ $hostonly ]] && ! grep -qe "\<${_mod//-/_}\>" /proc/modules \
+                    && ! echo $add_drivers | grep -qe "\<${_mod}\>" \
+                    && return
+
+                # We use '-d' option in modprobe only if modules prefix path
+                # differs from default '/'.  This allows us to use Dracut with
+                # old version of modprobe which doesn't have '-d' option.
+                local _moddirname=${KERNEL_MODS%%/lib/modules/*}
+                [[ -n ${_moddirname} ]] && _moddirname="-d ${_moddirname}/"
+
+                # ok, load the module, all its dependencies, and any firmware
+                # it may require
+                for_each_kmod_dep install_kmod_with_fw $_mod \
+                    --set-version $KERNEL_VER ${_moddirname} $_mpargs
+                ((_ret+=$?))
+                ;;
+        esac
+        return $_ret
+    }
+
+    function instmods_1() {
+        local _mod _mpargs
+        if (($# == 0)); then  # filenames from stdin
+            while read _mod; do
+                inst1mod "${_mod%.ko*}" || {
+                    if [ "$_check" = "yes" ]; then
+                        dfatal "Failed to install $_mod"
+                        return 1
+                    fi
+                }
+            done
+        fi
+        while (($# > 0)); do  # filenames as arguments
+            inst1mod ${1%.ko*} || {
+                if [ "$_check" = "yes" ]; then
+                    dfatal "Failed to install $1"
+                    return 1
+                fi
+            }
+            shift
+        done
+        return 0
+    }
+
+    local _ret _filter_not_found='FATAL: Module .* not found.'
+    set -o pipefail
+    # Capture all stderr from modprobe to _fderr. We could use {var}>...
+    # redirections, but that would make dracut require bash4 at least.
+    eval "( instmods_1 \"\$@\" ) ${_fderr}>&1" \
+    | while read line; do [[ "$line" =~ $_filter_not_found ]] && echo $line || echo $line >&2 ;done | derror
+    _ret=$?
+    set +o pipefail
+    return $_ret
+}
+
+setup_suse() {
+    ln -fs ../usr/bin/systemctl $initdir/bin/
+    ln -fs ../usr/lib/systemd $initdir/lib/
+    inst_simple "/usr/lib/systemd/system/haveged.service"
+    instmods ext4
+}
+
+_umount_dir() {
+    if mountpoint -q $1; then
+        ddebug "umount $1"
+        umount $1
+    fi
+}
+
+# can be overridden in specific test
+test_setup_cleanup() {
+    cleanup_initdir
+}
+
+_test_cleanup() {
+    # (post-test) cleanup should always ignore failure and cleanup as much as possible
+    (
+        set +e
+        _umount_dir $initdir
+        rm -vf "$IMAGE_PUBLIC"
+        rm -vfr "$TESTDIR"
+        rm -vf "$STATEFILE"
+    ) || :
+}
+
+# can be overridden in specific test
+test_cleanup() {
+    _test_cleanup
+}
+
+test_cleanup_again() {
+    [ -n "$TESTDIR" ] || return
+    rm -rf "$TESTDIR/unprivileged-nspawn-root"
+    _umount_dir $initdir
+}
+
+test_create_image() {
+    create_empty_image_rootdir
+
+    # Create what will eventually be our root filesystem onto an overlay
+    (
+        LOG_LEVEL=5
+        setup_basic_environment
+        mask_supporting_services
+    )
+}
+
+test_setup() {
+    if [ ${TEST_REQUIRE_INSTALL_TESTS} -ne 0 ] && \
+            type -P meson >/dev/null && \
+            [[ "$(meson configure $BUILD_DIR | grep install-tests | awk '{ print $2 }')" != "true" ]]; then
+        dfatal "$BUILD_DIR needs to be built with -Dinstall-tests=true"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+
+    if [ -e "$IMAGE_PRIVATE" ]; then
+        echo "Reusing existing image $IMAGE_PRIVATE → $(realpath $IMAGE_PRIVATE)"
+        mount_initdir
+    else
+        if [ ! -e "$IMAGE_PUBLIC" ]; then
+            # Create the backing public image, but then completely unmount
+            # it and drop the loopback device responsible for it, since we're
+            # going to symlink/copy the image and mount it again from
+            # elsewhere.
+            test_create_image
+            test_setup_cleanup
+            umount_loopback
+            cleanup_loopdev
+        fi
+
+        echo "Reusing existing cached image $IMAGE_PUBLIC → $(realpath $IMAGE_PUBLIC)"
+        if [ ${TEST_PARALLELIZE} -ne 0 ]; then
+            cp -v "$(realpath $IMAGE_PUBLIC)" "$IMAGE_PRIVATE"
+        else
+            ln -sv "$(realpath $IMAGE_PUBLIC)" "$IMAGE_PRIVATE"
+        fi
+
+        mount_initdir
+    fi
+
+    setup_nspawn_root
+}
+
+test_run() {
+    mount_initdir
+
+    if [ -z "$TEST_NO_QEMU" ]; then
+        if run_qemu "$1"; then
+            check_result_qemu || { echo "QEMU test failed"; return 1; }
+        else
+            dwarn "can't run QEMU, skipping"
+        fi
+    fi
+    if [ -z "$TEST_NO_NSPAWN" ]; then
+        mount_initdir
+        if run_nspawn "$initdir" "$1"; then
+            check_result_nspawn "$initdir" || { echo "nspawn-root test failed"; return 1; }
+        else
+            dwarn "can't run systemd-nspawn, skipping"
+        fi
+
+        if [[ "$RUN_IN_UNPRIVILEGED_CONTAINER" = "yes" ]]; then
+            dir="$TESTDIR/unprivileged-nspawn-root"
+            if NSPAWN_ARGUMENTS="-U --private-network $NSPAWN_ARGUMENTS" run_nspawn "$dir" "$1"; then
+                check_result_nspawn "$dir" || { echo "unprivileged-nspawn-root test failed"; return 1; }
+            else
+                dwarn "can't run systemd-nspawn, skipping"
+            fi
+        fi
+    fi
+    return 0
+}
+
+do_test() {
+    if [[ $UID != "0" ]]; then
+        echo "TEST: $TEST_DESCRIPTION [SKIPPED]: not root" >&2
+        exit 0
+    fi
+
+    # Detect lib paths
+    [[ $libdir ]] || for libdir in /lib64 /lib; do
+        [[ -d $libdir ]] && libdirs+=" $libdir" && break
+    done
+
+    [[ $usrlibdir ]] || for usrlibdir in /usr/lib64 /usr/lib; do
+        [[ -d $usrlibdir ]] && libdirs+=" $usrlibdir" && break
+    done
+
+    mkdir -p "$STATEDIR"
+
+    import_testdir
+    import_initdir
+
+    testname="$(basename $PWD)"
+
+    while (($# > 0)); do
+        case $1 in
+            --run)
+                echo "${testname} RUN: $TEST_DESCRIPTION"
+                test_run "$2"
+                ret=$?
+                if (( $ret == 0 )); then
+                    echo "${testname} RUN: $TEST_DESCRIPTION [OK]"
+                else
+                    echo "${testname} RUN: $TEST_DESCRIPTION [FAILED]"
+                fi
+                exit $ret;;
+            --setup)
+                echo "${testname} SETUP: $TEST_DESCRIPTION"
+                test_setup
+                test_setup_cleanup
+                ;;
+            --clean)
+                echo "${testname} CLEANUP: $TEST_DESCRIPTION"
+                test_cleanup
+                ;;
+            --clean-again)
+                echo "${testname} CLEANUP AGAIN: $TEST_DESCRIPTION"
+                test_cleanup_again
+                ;;
+            --all)
+                ret=0
+                echo -n "${testname}: $TEST_DESCRIPTION "
+                (
+                    test_setup
+                    test_setup_cleanup
+                    test_run "$2"
+                ) </dev/null >"$TESTLOG" 2>&1 || ret=$?
+                test_cleanup
+                if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then
+                    rm "$TESTLOG"
+                    echo "[OK]"
+                else
+                    echo "[FAILED]"
+                    echo "see $TESTLOG"
+                fi
+                exit $ret;;
+            *) break ;;
+        esac
+        shift
+    done
+}