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diff --git a/man/os-release.xml b/man/os-release.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6741806 --- /dev/null +++ b/man/os-release.xml @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ +<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> +<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN" + "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> +<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later --> + +<refentry id="os-release"> + <refentryinfo> + <title>os-release</title> + <productname>systemd</productname> + </refentryinfo> + + <refmeta> + <refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle> + <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> + </refmeta> + + <refnamediv> + <refname>os-release</refname> + <refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose> + </refnamediv> + + <refsynopsisdiv> + <para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para> + <para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para> + </refsynopsisdiv> + + <refsect1> + <title>Description</title> + + <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and + <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain operating + system identification data.</para> + + <para>The basic file format of <filename>os-release</filename> is + a newline-separated list of environment-like shell-compatible + variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration + from shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no + shell features are supported (this means variable expansion is + explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file + without implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable + assignment values must be enclosed in double or single quotes if + they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters + outside of A–Z, a–z, 0–9. Shell special characters ("$", quotes, + backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes, following + shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and + non-printable characters should not be used. It is not supported + to concatenate multiple individually quoted strings. Lines + beginning with "#" shall be ignored as comments. Blank lines are + permitted and ignored.</para> + + <para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> takes + precedence over <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>. + Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its + data if it exists, and only fall back to + <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is missing. + Applications should not read data from both files at the same + time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the recommended + place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees. + <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be a relative symlink + to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>, to provide + compatibility with applications only looking at + <filename>/etc/</filename>. A relative symlink instead of an + absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a + chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</para> + + <para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data that is + defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be + changed by the administrator.</para> + + <para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should + not be localized.</para> + + <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and + <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might be symlinks + to other files, but it is important that the file is available + from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file + system.</para> + + <para>For a longer rationale for <filename>os-release</filename> + please refer to the <ulink + url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Options</title> + + <para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using + <filename>os-release</filename>:</para> + + <variablelist class='environment-variables'> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>NAME=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system, + without a version component, and suitable for presentation to + the user. If not set, defaults to + <literal>NAME=Linux</literal>. Example: + <literal>NAME=Fedora</literal> or <literal>NAME="Debian + GNU/Linux"</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system + version, excluding any OS name information, possibly including + a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the + user. This field is optional. Example: + <literal>VERSION=17</literal> or <literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy + Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>ID=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other + characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying + the operating system, excluding any version information and + suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated + filenames. If not set, defaults to + <literal>ID=linux</literal>. Example: + <literal>ID=fedora</literal> or + <literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A space-separated list of operating system + identifiers in the same syntax as the <varname>ID=</varname> + setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that + are closely related to the local operating system in regards + to packaging and programming interfaces, for example listing + one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from. + An OS should generally only list other OS identifiers it + itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are derived + from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build + scripts and similar should check this variable if they need to + identify the local operating system and the value of + <varname>ID=</varname> is not recognized. Operating systems + should be listed in order of how closely the local operating + system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest. + This field is optional. Example: for an operating system with + <literal>ID=centos</literal>, an assignment of + <literal>ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</literal> would be appropriate. + For an operating system with <literal>ID=ubuntu</literal>, an + assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is + appropriate.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VERSION_CODENAME=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para> + A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of + 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system + release code name, excluding any OS name information or + release version, and suitable for processing by scripts or + usage in generated filenames. This field is optional and may + not be implemented on all systems. + Examples: + <literal>VERSION_CODENAME=buster</literal>, + <literal>VERSION_CODENAME=xenial</literal> + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces + or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") + identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS + name information or release code name, and suitable for + processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This + field is optional. Example: <literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal> + or <literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A pretty operating system name in a format + suitable for presentation to the user. May or may not contain + a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable. + If not set, defaults to + <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal>. Example: + <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy + Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A suggested presentation color when showing the OS name on the console. This should + be specified as string suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting + graphical rendition. This field is optional. Example: <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal> for red, + <literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal> for light blue, or + <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"</literal> for Fedora blue.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A CPE name for the operating system, in URI + binding syntax, following the + <ulink url="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/">Common + Platform Enumeration Specification</ulink> as proposed by the + NIST. This field is optional. Example: + <literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal> + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term> + <term><varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname></term> + <term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term> + <term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term> + <term><varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>Links to resources on the Internet related to + the operating system. + <varname>HOME_URL=</varname> should refer to the homepage of + the operating system, or alternatively some homepage of the + specific version of the operating system. + <varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname> should refer to the main + documentation page for this operating system. + <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main + support page for the operating system, if there is any. This + is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors + provide support for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname> should + refer to the main bug reporting page for the operating system, + if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating + systems that rely on community QA. + <varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname> should refer to the + main privacy policy page for the operating system, if there is + any. These settings are optional, and providing only some of + these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be + exposed in "About this system" UIs behind links with captions + such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support", + "Report a Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in + <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986 + format</ulink>, and should be <literal>http:</literal> or + <literal>https:</literal> URLs, and possibly + <literal>mailto:</literal> or <literal>tel:</literal>. Only + one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources + need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online + landing page linking all available resources. Examples: + <literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal> and + <literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal></para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para>A string uniquely identifying the system image + used as the origin for a distribution (it is not updated with + system updates). The field can be identical between different + VERSION_IDs as BUILD_ID is an only a unique identifier to a + specific version. Distributions that release each update as a + new version would only need to use VERSION_ID as each build is + already distinct based on the VERSION_ID. This field is + optional. Example: <literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal> + or <literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>. + + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VARIANT=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para> + A string identifying a specific variant or edition of the + operating system suitable for presentation to the user. This + field may be used to inform the user that the configuration of + this system is subject to a specific divergent set of rules or + default configuration settings. This field is optional and may + not be implemented on all systems. + Examples: + <literal>VARIANT="Server Edition"</literal>, + <literal>VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator Edition"</literal> + Note: this field is for display purposes only. The + <varname>VARIANT_ID</varname> field should be used for making + programmatic decisions. + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>VARIANT_ID=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para> + A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of + 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-"), identifying a specific variant or + edition of the operating system. This may be interpreted by + other packages in order to determine a divergent default + configuration. This field is optional and may not be + implemented on all systems. + Examples: + <literal>VARIANT_ID=server</literal>, + <literal>VARIANT_ID=embedded</literal> + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry> + <term><varname>LOGO=</varname></term> + + <listitem><para> + A string, specifying the name of an icon as defined by <ulink + url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/latest"> + freedesktop.org Icon Theme Specification</ulink>. This can be + used by graphical applications to display an operating + system's or distributor's logo. This field is optional and + may not necessarily be implemented on all systems. + Examples: + <literal>LOGO=fedora-logo</literal>, + <literal>LOGO=distributor-logo-opensuse</literal> + </para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + </variablelist> + + <para>If you are reading this file from C code or a shell script + to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the + <varname>ID</varname> and <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> fields, + possibly with <varname>ID_LIKE</varname> as fallback for + <varname>ID</varname>. When looking for an OS identification + string for presentation to the user use the + <varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> field.</para> + + <para>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide + version information, for example to accommodate for rolling + releases. In this case, <varname>VERSION</varname> and + <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> may be unset. Applications should + not rely on these fields to be set.</para> + + <para>Operating system vendors may extend the file + format and introduce new fields. It is highly + recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific + name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications + reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example: + <literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal></para> + + <para>Container and sandbox runtime managers may make the host's + identification data available to applications by providing the host's + <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (if available, otherwise + <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> as a fallback) as + <filename>/run/host/os-release</filename>.</para> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>Example</title> + + <programlisting>NAME=Fedora +VERSION="32 (Workstation Edition)" +ID=fedora +VERSION_ID=32 +PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Workstation Edition)" +ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180" +LOGO=fedora-logo-icon +CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32" +HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/" +DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/" +SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help" +BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/" +REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora" +REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32 +REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora" +REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32 +PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy" +VARIANT="Workstation Edition" +VARIANT_ID=workstation</programlisting> + </refsect1> + + <refsect1> + <title>See Also</title> + <para> + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, + <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> + </para> + </refsect1> + +</refentry> |