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diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af06128 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -0,0 +1,421 @@ +git-worktree(1) +=============== + +NAME +---- +git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] +'git worktree list' [--porcelain] +'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree> +'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path> +'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] +'git worktree remove' [-f] <worktree> +'git worktree repair' [<path>...] +'git worktree unlock' <worktree> + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Manage multiple working trees attached to the same repository. + +A git repository can support multiple working trees, allowing you to check +out more than one branch at a time. With `git worktree add` a new working +tree is associated with the repository. This new working tree is called a +"linked working tree" as opposed to the "main working tree" prepared by +linkgit:git-init[1] or linkgit:git-clone[1]. +A repository has one main working tree (if it's not a +bare repository) and zero or more linked working trees. When you are done +with a linked working tree, remove it with `git worktree remove`. + +In its simplest form, `git worktree add <path>` automatically creates a +new branch whose name is the final component of `<path>`, which is +convenient if you plan to work on a new topic. For instance, `git +worktree add ../hotfix` creates new branch `hotfix` and checks it out at +path `../hotfix`. To instead work on an existing branch in a new working +tree, use `git worktree add <path> <branch>`. On the other hand, if you +just plan to make some experimental changes or do testing without +disturbing existing development, it is often convenient to create a +'throwaway' working tree not associated with any branch. For instance, +`git worktree add -d <path>` creates a new working tree with a detached +`HEAD` at the same commit as the current branch. + +If a working tree is deleted without using `git worktree remove`, then +its associated administrative files, which reside in the repository +(see "DETAILS" below), will eventually be removed automatically (see +`gc.worktreePruneExpire` in linkgit:git-config[1]), or you can run +`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked working tree to +clean up any stale administrative files. + +If a linked working tree is stored on a portable device or network share +which is not always mounted, you can prevent its administrative files from +being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock` command, optionally +specifying `--reason` to explain why the working tree is locked. + +COMMANDS +-------- +add <path> [<commit-ish>]:: + +Create `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new working directory +is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working +directory specific files such as `HEAD`, `index`, etc. As a convenience, +`<commit-ish>` may be a bare "`-`", which is synonymous with `@{-1}`. ++ +If `<commit-ish>` is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found, +and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does +exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`) +with a matching name, treat as equivalent to: ++ +------------ +$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch> +------------ ++ +If the branch exists in multiple remotes and one of them is named by +the `checkout.defaultRemote` configuration variable, we'll use that +one for the purposes of disambiguation, even if the `<branch>` isn't +unique across all remotes. Set it to +e.g. `checkout.defaultRemote=origin` to always checkout remote +branches from there if `<branch>` is ambiguous but exists on the +`origin` remote. See also `checkout.defaultRemote` in +linkgit:git-config[1]. ++ +If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, +then, as a convenience, the new working tree is associated with a branch +(call it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>` +doesn't exist, a new branch based on `HEAD` is automatically created as +if `-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be +checked out in the new working tree, if it's not checked out anywhere +else, otherwise the command will refuse to create the working tree (unless +`--force` is used). + +list:: + +List details of each working tree. The main working tree is listed first, +followed by each of the linked working trees. The output details include +whether the working tree is bare, the revision currently checked out, the +branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), and "locked" if +the worktree is locked. + +lock:: + +If a working tree is on a portable device or network share which +is not always mounted, lock it to prevent its administrative +files from being pruned automatically. This also prevents it from +being moved or deleted. Optionally, specify a reason for the lock +with `--reason`. + +move:: + +Move a working tree to a new location. Note that the main working tree +or linked working trees containing submodules cannot be moved with this +command. (The `git worktree repair` command, however, can reestablish +the connection with linked working trees if you move the main working +tree manually.) + +prune:: + +Prune working tree information in `$GIT_DIR/worktrees`. + +remove:: + +Remove a working tree. Only clean working trees (no untracked files +and no modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean working +trees or ones with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main +working tree cannot be removed. + +repair [<path>...]:: + +Repair working tree administrative files, if possible, if they have +become corrupted or outdated due to external factors. ++ +For instance, if the main working tree (or bare repository) is moved, +linked working trees will be unable to locate it. Running `repair` in +the main working tree will reestablish the connection from linked +working trees back to the main working tree. ++ +Similarly, if a linked working tree is moved without using `git worktree +move`, the main working tree (or bare repository) will be unable to +locate it. Running `repair` within the recently-moved working tree will +reestablish the connection. If multiple linked working trees are moved, +running `repair` from any working tree with each tree's new `<path>` as +an argument, will reestablish the connection to all the specified paths. + +unlock:: + +Unlock a working tree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted. + +OPTIONS +------- + +-f:: +--force:: + By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when + `<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by + another working tree, or if `<path>` is already assigned to some + working tree but is missing (for instance, if `<path>` was deleted + manually). This option overrides these safeguards. To add a missing but + locked working tree path, specify `--force` twice. ++ +`move` refuses to move a locked working tree unless `--force` is specified +twice. If the destination is already assigned to some other working tree but is +missing (for instance, if `<new-path>` was deleted manually), then `--force` +allows the move to proceed; use `--force` twice if the destination is locked. ++ +`remove` refuses to remove an unclean working tree unless `--force` is used. +To remove a locked working tree, specify `--force` twice. + +-b <new-branch>:: +-B <new-branch>:: + With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at + `<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree. + If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to `HEAD`. + By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already + exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to + `<commit-ish>`. + +-d:: +--detach:: + With `add`, detach `HEAD` in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD" + in linkgit:git-checkout[1]. + +--[no-]checkout:: + By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can + be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations, + such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout" + in linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. + +--[no-]guess-remote:: + With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead + of creating a new branch from `HEAD`, if there exists a tracking + branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`, + base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark + the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch. ++ +This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the +`worktree.guessRemote` config option. + +--[no-]track:: + When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch, + mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the + default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See + `--track` in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. + +--lock:: + Keep the working tree locked after creation. This is the + equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`, + but without a race condition. + +-n:: +--dry-run:: + With `prune`, do not remove anything; just report what it would + remove. + +--porcelain:: + With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. + This format will remain stable across Git versions and regardless of user + configuration. See below for details. + +-q:: +--quiet:: + With `add`, suppress feedback messages. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + With `prune`, report all removals. + +--expire <time>:: + With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than `<time>`. + +--reason <string>:: + With `lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked. + +<worktree>:: + Working trees can be identified by path, either relative or + absolute. ++ +If the last path components in the working tree's path is unique among +working trees, it can be used to identify a working tree. For example if +you only have two working trees, at `/abc/def/ghi` and `/abc/def/ggg`, +then `ghi` or `def/ghi` is enough to point to the former working tree. + +REFS +---- +In multiple working trees, some refs may be shared between all working +trees and some refs are local. One example is `HEAD` which is different for each +working tree. This section is about the sharing rules and how to access +refs of one working tree from another. + +In general, all pseudo refs are per working tree and all refs starting +with `refs/` are shared. Pseudo refs are ones like `HEAD` which are +directly under `$GIT_DIR` instead of inside `$GIT_DIR/refs`. There are +exceptions, however: refs inside `refs/bisect` and `refs/worktree` are not +shared. + +Refs that are per working tree can still be accessed from another +working tree via two special paths, `main-worktree` and `worktrees`. The +former gives access to per-working tree refs of the main working tree, +while the latter to all linked working trees. + +For example, `main-worktree/HEAD` or `main-worktree/refs/bisect/good` +resolve to the same value as the main working tree's `HEAD` and +`refs/bisect/good` respectively. Similarly, `worktrees/foo/HEAD` or +`worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad` are the same as +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/foo/HEAD` and +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/bar/refs/bisect/bad`. + +To access refs, it's best not to look inside `$GIT_DIR` directly. Instead +use commands such as linkgit:git-rev-parse[1] or linkgit:git-update-ref[1] +which will handle refs correctly. + +CONFIGURATION FILE +------------------ +By default, the repository `config` file is shared across all working +trees. If the config variables `core.bare` or `core.worktree` are +already present in the config file, they will be applied to the main +working trees only. + +In order to have configuration specific to working trees, you can turn +on the `worktreeConfig` extension, e.g.: + +------------ +$ git config extensions.worktreeConfig true +------------ + +In this mode, specific configuration stays in the path pointed by `git +rev-parse --git-path config.worktree`. You can add or update +configuration in this file with `git config --worktree`. Older Git +versions will refuse to access repositories with this extension. + +Note that in this file, the exception for `core.bare` and `core.worktree` +is gone. If they exist in `$GIT_DIR/config`, you must move +them to the `config.worktree` of the main working tree. You may also +take this opportunity to review and move other configuration that you +do not want to share to all working trees: + + - `core.worktree` and `core.bare` should never be shared + + - `core.sparseCheckout` is recommended per working tree, unless you + are sure you always use sparse checkout for all working trees. + +DETAILS +------- +Each linked working tree has a private sub-directory in the repository's +`$GIT_DIR/worktrees` directory. The private sub-directory's name is usually +the base name of the linked working tree's path, possibly appended with a +number to make it unique. For example, when `$GIT_DIR=/path/main/.git` the +command `git worktree add /path/other/test-next next` creates the linked +working tree in `/path/other/test-next` and also creates a +`$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next` directory (or `$GIT_DIR/worktrees/test-next1` +if `test-next` is already taken). + +Within a linked working tree, `$GIT_DIR` is set to point to this private +directory (e.g. `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` in the example) and +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` is set to point back to the main working tree's `$GIT_DIR` +(e.g. `/path/main/.git`). These settings are made in a `.git` file located at +the top directory of the linked working tree. + +Path resolution via `git rev-parse --git-path` uses either +`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` depending on the path. For example, in the +linked working tree `git rev-parse --git-path HEAD` returns +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/HEAD` (not +`/path/other/test-next/.git/HEAD` or `/path/main/.git/HEAD`) while `git +rev-parse --git-path refs/heads/master` uses +`$GIT_COMMON_DIR` and returns `/path/main/.git/refs/heads/master`, +since refs are shared across all working trees, except `refs/bisect` and +`refs/worktree`. + +See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for more information. The rule of +thumb is do not make any assumption about whether a path belongs to +`$GIT_DIR` or `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` when you need to directly access something +inside `$GIT_DIR`. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path. + +If you manually move a linked working tree, you need to update the `gitdir` file +in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked working tree is moved +to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/gitdir` to reference `/newpath/test-next` +instead. Better yet, run `git worktree repair` to reestablish the connection +automatically. + +To prevent a `$GIT_DIR/worktrees` entry from being pruned (which +can be useful in some situations, such as when the +entry's working tree is stored on a portable device), use the +`git worktree lock` command, which adds a file named +`locked` to the entry's directory. The file contains the reason in +plain text. For example, if a linked working tree's `.git` file points +to `/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next` then a file named +`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next/locked` will prevent the +`test-next` entry from being pruned. See +linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] for details. + +When `extensions.worktreeConfig` is enabled, the config file +`.git/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree` is read after `.git/config` is. + +LIST OUTPUT FORMAT +------------------ +The `worktree list` command has two output formats. The default format shows the +details on a single line with columns. For example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list +/path/to/bare-source (bare) +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD) +------------ + +Porcelain Format +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The porcelain format has a line per attribute. Attributes are listed with a +label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like `bare` +and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only +if the value is true. The first attribute of a working tree is always +`worktree`, an empty line indicates the end of the record. For example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list --porcelain +worktree /path/to/bare-source +bare + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree +HEAD abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234abcd1234 +branch refs/heads/master + +worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree +HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a +detached + +------------ + +EXAMPLES +-------- +You are in the middle of a refactoring session and your boss comes in and +demands that you fix something immediately. You might typically use +linkgit:git-stash[1] to store your changes away temporarily, however, your +working tree is in such a state of disarray (with new, moved, and removed +files, and other bits and pieces strewn around) that you don't want to risk +disturbing any of it. Instead, you create a temporary linked working tree to +make the emergency fix, remove it when done, and then resume your earlier +refactoring session. + +------------ +$ git worktree add -b emergency-fix ../temp master +$ pushd ../temp +# ... hack hack hack ... +$ git commit -a -m 'emergency fix for boss' +$ popd +$ git worktree remove ../temp +------------ + +BUGS +---- +Multiple checkout in general is still experimental, and the support +for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple +checkouts of a superproject. + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |