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diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0023790 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1118 @@ +Commit Limiting +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the +special notations explained in the description, additional commit +limiting may be applied. + +Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. +`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it +with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message +has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. + +Note that these are applied before commit +ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. + +-<number>:: +-n <number>:: +--max-count=<number>:: + Limit the number of commits to output. + +--skip=<number>:: + Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. + +--since=<date>:: +--after=<date>:: + Show commits more recent than a specific date. + +--until=<date>:: +--before=<date>:: + Show commits older than a specific date. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--max-age=<timestamp>:: +--min-age=<timestamp>:: + Limit the commits output to specified time range. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--author=<pattern>:: +--committer=<pattern>:: + Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer + header lines that match the specified pattern (regular + expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, + commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are + chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). + +--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: + Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that + match the specified pattern (regular expression). With + more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message + matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an + error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. + +--grep=<pattern>:: + Limit the commits output to ones with log message that + matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With + more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message + matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see + `--all-match`). +ifndef::git-rev-list[] ++ +When `--notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is +matched as if it were part of the log message. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--all-match:: + Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, + instead of ones that match at least one. + +--invert-grep:: + Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not + match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`. + +-i:: +--regexp-ignore-case:: + Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter + case. + +--basic-regexp:: + Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; + this is the default. + +-E:: +--extended-regexp:: + Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions + instead of the default basic regular expressions. + +-F:: +--fixed-strings:: + Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret + pattern as a regular expression). + +-P:: +--perl-regexp:: + Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular + expressions. ++ +Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional +compile-time dependency. If Git wasn't compiled with support for them +providing this option will cause it to die. + +--remove-empty:: + Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. + +--merges:: + Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. + +--no-merges:: + Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is + exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. + +--min-parents=<number>:: +--max-parents=<number>:: +--no-min-parents:: +--no-max-parents:: + Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent + commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, + `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` + gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. ++ +`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit) +again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more +parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). + +--first-parent:: + Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge + commit. This option can give a better overview when + viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, + because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about + adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and + this option allows you to ignore the individual commits + brought in to your history by such a merge. + +--not:: + Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) + for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. + +--all:: + Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/`, along with `HEAD`, are + listed on the command line as '<commit>'. + +--branches[=<pattern>]:: + Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed + on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit + branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', + '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. + +--tags[=<pattern>]:: + Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed + on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit + tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', + or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. + +--remotes[=<pattern>]:: + Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed + on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit + remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. + If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. + +--glob=<glob-pattern>:: + Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>' + are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/', + is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', + or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. + +--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: + + Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, + `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise + consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns + up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or + `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear + accumulated patterns). ++ +The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or +`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, +respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` +or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given +explicitly. + +--reflog:: + Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the + command line as `<commit>`. + +--alternate-refs:: + Pretend as if all objects mentioned as ref tips of alternate + repositories were listed on the command line. An alternate + repository is any repository whose object directory is specified + in `objects/info/alternates`. The set of included objects may + be modified by `core.alternateRefsCommand`, etc. See + linkgit:git-config[1]. + +--single-worktree:: + By default, all working trees will be examined by the + following options when there are more than one (see + linkgit:git-worktree[1]): `--all`, `--reflog` and + `--indexed-objects`. + This option forces them to examine the current working tree + only. + +--ignore-missing:: + Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if + the bad input was not given. + +ifndef::git-rev-list[] +--bisect:: + Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` + was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good + bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command + line. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--stdin:: + In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command + line, read them from the standard input. If a `--` separator is + seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the + result. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--quiet:: + Don't print anything to standard output. This form + is primarily meant to allow the caller to + test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully + connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout + to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--cherry-mark:: + Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits + with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. + +--cherry-pick:: + Omit any commit that introduces the same change as + another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of + commits are limited with symmetric difference. ++ +For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way +to list all commits on only one side of them is with +`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of +the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were +cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be +cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are +excluded from the output. + +--left-only:: +--right-only:: + List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference, + i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by + `--left-right`. ++ +For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those +commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in +`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. +More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact +list. + +--cherry:: + A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to + limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that + have been applied to the other side of a forked history with + `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to + `git cherry upstream mybranch`. + +-g:: +--walk-reflogs:: + Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk + reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. + When this option is used you cannot specify commits to + exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', + and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). ++ +With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` and `reference` (for obvious reasons), +this causes the output to have two extra lines of information +taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown +as `ref@{Nth}` (where `Nth` is the reverse-chronological index in the +reflog) or as `ref@{timestamp}` (with the timestamp for that entry), +depending on a few rules: ++ +-- +1. If the starting point is specified as `ref@{Nth}`, show the index + format. ++ +2. If the starting point was specified as `ref@{now}`, show the + timestamp format. ++ +3. If neither was used, but `--date` was given on the command line, show + the timestamp in the format requested by `--date`. ++ +4. Otherwise, show the index format. +-- ++ +Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is +prefixed with this information on the same line. +This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. +See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. ++ +Under `--pretty=reference`, this information will not be shown at all. + +--merge:: + After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a + conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. + +--boundary:: + Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are + prefixed with `-`. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--use-bitmap-index:: + + Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if + one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, + trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. + +--progress=<header>:: + Show progress reports on stderr as objects are considered. The + `<header>` text will be printed with each progress update. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +History Simplification +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the +commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of +'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other +is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. + +The following options select the commits to be shown: + +<paths>:: + Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. + +--simplify-by-decoration:: + Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. + +Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. + +The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: + +Default mode:: + Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the + final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side + branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches + with the same content) + +--show-pulls:: + Include all commits from the default mode, but also any merge + commits that are not TREESAME to the first parent but are + TREESAME to a later parent. This mode is helpful for showing + the merge commits that "first introduced" a change to a branch. + +--full-history:: + Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. + +--dense:: + Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a + meaningful history. + +--sparse:: + All commits in the simplified history are shown. + +--simplify-merges:: + Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless + merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected + commits contributing to this merge. + +--ancestry-path:: + When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' + or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist + directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and + 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1', + and ancestors of 'commit2'. + +A more detailed explanation follows. + +Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits +that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff +filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.) + +In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to +illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume +that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M---N---O---P---Q + / / / / / / + I B C D E Y + \ / / / / / + `-------------' X +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of +each merge. The commits are: + +* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents + ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial + commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. + +* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. + +* `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and + hence TREESAME to all parents. + +* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', + so it is not TREESAME to any parent. + +* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from + `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. + +* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the + strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. + +* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` + modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and + `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. + +`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding +commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting +(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings +are available. + +Default mode:: + Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent + (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the + commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow + only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME + parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all + parents. ++ +This results in: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---N---O + / / / + I---------D +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is +available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was +considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an +empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. ++ +Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does +not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the +parent lines. + +--full-history without parent rewriting:: + This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow + all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. + Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are + included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In + the example, we get ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + I A B N D O P Q +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, +`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others +do not appear. ++ +Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk +about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show +them disconnected. + +--full-history with parent rewriting:: + Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME + (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). ++ +Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: +Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included +themselves. This results in ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M---N---O---P---Q + / / / / / + I B / D / + \ / / / / + `-------------' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` +was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was +rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and +`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. + +In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME +affects inclusion: + +--dense:: + Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME + to any parent. + +--sparse:: + All commits that are walked are included. ++ +Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if +one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other +sides of the merge are never walked. + +--simplify-merges:: + First, build a history graph in the same way that + `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). ++ +Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final +history according to the following rules: ++ +-- +* Set `C'` to `C`. ++ +* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In + the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are + root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care + to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. ++ +* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has + zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. + Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent. +-- ++ +The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to +`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M---N---O + / / / + I B D + \ / / + `---------' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: ++ +-- +* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the + other parent `M`. Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME. ++ +* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then + removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. ++ +* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it + was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one + parent and is TREESAME. +-- + +There is another simplification mode available: + +--ancestry-path:: + Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry + chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit + range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' + commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. ++ +As an example use case, consider the following commit history: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + D---E-------F + / \ \ + B---C---G---H---I---J + / \ + A-------K---------------L--M +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, +but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see +what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense +that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this +example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, +of course). ++ +When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the +bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view +only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. +excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` +option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + E-------F + \ \ + G---H---I---J + \ + L--M +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Before discussing another option, `--show-pulls`, we need to +create a new example history. + +A common problem users face when looking at simplified history is that a +commit they know changed a file somehow does not appear in the file's +simplified history. Let's demonstrate a new example and show how options +such as `--full-history` and `--simplify-merges` works in that case: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M-----C--N---O---P + / / \ \ \/ / / + I B \ R-'`-Z' / + \ / \/ / + \ / /\ / + `---X--' `---Y--' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +For this example, suppose `I` created `file.txt` which was modified by +`A`, `B`, and `X` in different ways. The single-parent commits `C`, `Z`, +and `Y` do not change `file.txt`. The merge commit `M` was created by +resolving the merge conflict to include both changes from `A` and `B` +and hence is not TREESAME to either. The merge commit `R`, however, was +created by ignoring the contents of `file.txt` at `M` and taking only +the contents of `file.txt` at `X`. Hence, `R` is TREESAME to `X` but not +`M`. Finally, the natural merge resolution to create `N` is to take the +contents of `file.txt` at `R`, so `N` is TREESAME to `R` but not `C`. +The merge commits `O` and `P` are TREESAME to their first parents, but +not to their second parents, `Z` and `Y` respectively. + +When using the default mode, `N` and `R` both have a TREESAME parent, so +those edges are walked and the others are ignored. The resulting history +graph is: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + I---X +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +When using `--full-history`, Git walks every edge. This will discover +the commits `A` and `B` and the merge `M`, but also will reveal the +merge commits `O` and `P`. With parent rewriting, the resulting graph is: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M--------N---O---P + / / \ \ \/ / / + I B \ R-'`--' / + \ / \/ / + \ / /\ / + `---X--' `------' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Here, the merge commits `O` and `P` contribute extra noise, as they did +not actually contribute a change to `file.txt`. They only merged a topic +that was based on an older version of `file.txt`. This is a common +issue in repositories using a workflow where many contributors work in +parallel and merge their topic branches along a single trunk: manu +unrelated merges appear in the `--full-history` results. + +When using the `--simplify-merges` option, the commits `O` and `P` +disappear from the results. This is because the rewritten second parents +of `O` and `P` are reachable from their first parents. Those edges are +removed and then the commits look like single-parent commits that are +TREESAME to their parent. This also happens to the commit `N`, resulting +in a history view as follows: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M--. + / / \ + I B R + \ / / + \ / / + `---X--' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +In this view, we see all of the important single-parent changes from +`A`, `B`, and `X`. We also see the carefully-resolved merge `M` and the +not-so-carefully-resolved merge `R`. This is usually enough information +to determine why the commits `A` and `B` "disappeared" from history in +the default view. However, there are a few issues with this approach. + +The first issue is performance. Unlike any previous option, the +`--simplify-merges` option requires walking the entire commit history +before returning a single result. This can make the option difficult to +use for very large repositories. + +The second issue is one of auditing. When many contributors are working +on the same repository, it is important which merge commits introduced +a change into an important branch. The problematic merge `R` above is +not likely to be the merge commit that was used to merge into an +important branch. Instead, the merge `N` was used to merge `R` and `X` +into the important branch. This commit may have information about why +the change `X` came to override the changes from `A` and `B` in its +commit message. + +--show-pulls:: + In addition to the commits shown in the default history, show + each merge commit that is not TREESAME to its first parent but + is TREESAME to a later parent. ++ +When a merge commit is included by `--show-pulls`, the merge is +treated as if it "pulled" the change from another branch. When using +`--show-pulls` on this example (and no other options) the resulting +graph is: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + I---X---R---N +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +Here, the merge commits `R` and `N` are included because they pulled +the commits `X` and `R` into the base branch, respectively. These +merges are the reason the commits `A` and `B` do not appear in the +default history. ++ +When `--show-pulls` is paired with `--simplify-merges`, the +graph includes all of the necessary information: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + .-A---M--. N + / / \ / + I B R + \ / / + \ / / + `---X--' +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +Notice that since `M` is reachable from `R`, the edge from `N` to `M` +was simplified away. However, `N` still appears in the history as an +important commit because it "pulled" the change `R` into the main +branch. + +The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the +big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits +that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME +(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described +above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the +contents of the paths given on the command line. All other +commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away). + +ifndef::git-shortlog[] +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +Bisection Helpers +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--bisect:: + Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between + included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref + `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it + exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are + added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there + are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint + $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which +introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly +generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length +one. + +--bisect-vars:: + This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in + `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs + text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the + name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the + expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested + to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if + `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected + number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to + `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to + `bisect_all`. + +--bisect-all:: + This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded + commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded + commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest + from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by + `--bisect`.) ++ +This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to +test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they +may not compile for example). ++ +This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case, +after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if +`--bisect-vars` had been used alone. +endif::git-rev-list[] +endif::git-shortlog[] + +ifndef::git-shortlog[] +Commit Ordering +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. + +--date-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but + otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. + +--author-date-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but + otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. + +--topo-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and + avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history + intermixed. ++ +For example, in a commit history like this: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- + + ---1----2----4----7 + \ \ + 3----5----6----8--- + +---------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git +rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the +timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. ++ +With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 +3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to +avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed +together. + +--reverse:: + Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting + section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with + `--walk-reflogs`. +endif::git-shortlog[] + +ifndef::git-shortlog[] +Object Traversal +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--objects:: + Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed + commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me + all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit + object _bar_ but not _foo_''. + +--in-commit-order:: + Print tree and blob ids in order of the commits. The tree + and blob ids are printed after they are first referenced + by a commit. + +--objects-edge:: + Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded + commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by + linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records + objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these + excluded commits to reduce network traffic. + +--objects-edge-aggressive:: + Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded + commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of + `--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories. + +--indexed-objects:: + Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed + on the command line. Note that you probably want to use + `--objects`, too. + +--unpacked:: + Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not + in packs. + +--object-names:: + Only useful with `--objects`; print the names of the object IDs + that are found. This is the default behavior. + +--no-object-names:: + Only useful with `--objects`; does not print the names of the object + IDs that are found. This inverts `--object-names`. This flag allows + the output to be more easily parsed by commands such as + linkgit:git-cat-file[1]. + +--filter=<filter-spec>:: + Only useful with one of the `--objects*`; omits objects (usually + blobs) from the list of printed objects. The '<filter-spec>' + may be one of the following: ++ +The form '--filter=blob:none' omits all blobs. ++ +The form '--filter=blob:limit=<n>[kmg]' omits blobs larger than n bytes +or units. n may be zero. The suffixes k, m, and g can be used to name +units in KiB, MiB, or GiB. For example, 'blob:limit=1k' is the same +as 'blob:limit=1024'. ++ +The form '--filter=sparse:oid=<blob-ish>' uses a sparse-checkout +specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) '<blob-ish>' +to omit blobs that would not be not required for a sparse checkout on +the requested refs. ++ +The form '--filter=tree:<depth>' omits all blobs and trees whose depth +from the root tree is >= <depth> (minimum depth if an object is located +at multiple depths in the commits traversed). <depth>=0 will not include +any trees or blobs unless included explicitly in the command-line (or +standard input when --stdin is used). <depth>=1 will include only the +tree and blobs which are referenced directly by a commit reachable from +<commit> or an explicitly-given object. <depth>=2 is like <depth>=1 +while also including trees and blobs one more level removed from an +explicitly-given commit or tree. ++ +Note that the form '--filter=sparse:path=<path>' that wants to read +from an arbitrary path on the filesystem has been dropped for security +reasons. ++ +Multiple '--filter=' flags can be specified to combine filters. Only +objects which are accepted by every filter are included. ++ +The form '--filter=combine:<filter1>+<filter2>+...<filterN>' can also be +used to combined several filters, but this is harder than just repeating +the '--filter' flag and is usually not necessary. Filters are joined by +'{plus}' and individual filters are %-encoded (i.e. URL-encoded). +Besides the '{plus}' and '%' characters, the following characters are +reserved and also must be encoded: `~!@#$^&*()[]{}\;",<>?`+'`+ +as well as all characters with ASCII code <= `0x20`, which includes +space and newline. ++ +Other arbitrary characters can also be encoded. For instance, +'combine:tree:3+blob:none' and 'combine:tree%3A3+blob%3Anone' are +equivalent. + +--no-filter:: + Turn off any previous `--filter=` argument. + +--filter-print-omitted:: + Only useful with `--filter=`; prints a list of the objects omitted + by the filter. Object IDs are prefixed with a ``~'' character. + +--missing=<missing-action>:: + A debug option to help with future "partial clone" development. + This option specifies how missing objects are handled. ++ +The form '--missing=error' requests that rev-list stop with an error if +a missing object is encountered. This is the default action. ++ +The form '--missing=allow-any' will allow object traversal to continue +if a missing object is encountered. Missing objects will silently be +omitted from the results. ++ +The form '--missing=allow-promisor' is like 'allow-any', but will only +allow object traversal to continue for EXPECTED promisor missing objects. +Unexpected missing objects will raise an error. ++ +The form '--missing=print' is like 'allow-any', but will also print a +list of the missing objects. Object IDs are prefixed with a ``?'' character. + +--exclude-promisor-objects:: + (For internal use only.) Prefilter object traversal at + promisor boundary. This is used with partial clone. This is + stronger than `--missing=allow-promisor` because it limits the + traversal, rather than just silencing errors about missing + objects. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: + Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. + This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument + `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were + given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument + was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order + by commit time. + Cannot be combined with `--graph`. + +--do-walk:: + Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. +endif::git-shortlog[] + +ifndef::git-shortlog[] +Commit Formatting +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the +more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1], +linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] +endif::git-rev-list[] + +include::pretty-options.txt[] + +--relative-date:: + Synonym for `--date=relative`. + +--date=<format>:: + Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such + as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default + value for the log command's `--date` option. By default, dates + are shown in the original time zone (either committer's or + author's). If `-local` is appended to the format (e.g., + `iso-local`), the user's local time zone is used instead. ++ +-- +`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, +e.g. ``2 hours ago''. The `-local` option has no effect for +`--date=relative`. + +`--date=local` is an alias for `--date=default-local`. + +`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. +The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are: + + - a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter + - a space between time and time zone + - no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone + +`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict +ISO 8601 format. + +`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 +format, often found in email messages. + +`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. + +`--date=raw` shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 +00:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset +from UTC (a `+` or `-` with four digits; the first two are hours, and +the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted +with `strftime("%s %z")`). +Note that the `-local` option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch +value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying +timezone value. + +`--date=human` shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the +current time-zone, and doesn't print the whole date if that matches +(ie skip printing year for dates that are "this year", but also skip +the whole date itself if it's in the last few days and we can just say +what weekday it was). For older dates the hour and minute is also +omitted. + +`--date=unix` shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since +1970). As with `--raw`, this is always in UTC and therefore `-local` +has no effect. + +`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`, +except for %z and %Z, which are handled internally. +Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's +preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of +format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is +`--date=format-local:...`. + +`--date=default` is the default format, and is similar to +`--date=rfc2822`, with a few exceptions: +-- + - there is no comma after the day-of-week + + - the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--header:: + Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is + separated with a NUL character. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--parents:: + Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). + Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. + +--children:: + Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). + Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--timestamp:: + Print the raw commit timestamp. +endif::git-rev-list[] + +--left-right:: + Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from. + Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from + the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those + commits are prefixed with `-`. ++ +For example, if you have this topology: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + y---b---b branch B + / \ / + / . + / / \ + o---x---a---a branch A +----------------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +you would get an output like this: ++ +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B + + >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b + >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b + <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a + <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a + -yyyyyyy... 1st on b + -xxxxxxx... 1st on a +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +--graph:: + Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history + on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines + to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history + to be drawn properly. + Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`. ++ +This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' above. ++ +This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the +`--date-order` option may also be specified. + +--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: + When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened + which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits + do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier + in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it + is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. + +ifdef::git-rev-list[] +--count:: + Print a number stating how many commits would have been + listed, and suppress all other output. When used together + with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and + right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with + `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these + counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated + by a tab. +endif::git-rev-list[] +endif::git-shortlog[] |