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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright (c) 1996 - 2000, Marek Michałkiewicz
Copyright (c) 2001 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
Copyright (c) 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
endorse or promote products derived from this software without
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
]>
<refentry id='login.access.5'>
<!-- $Id$ -->
<refentryinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Marek</firstname>
<surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
<contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
<surname>François</surname>
<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
</author>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>login.access</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Conversions</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv id='name'>
<refname>login.access</refname>
<refpurpose>login access control table</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 id='description'>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para>
The <emphasis remap='I'>login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user,
host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login
will be either accepted or refused.
</para>
<para>
When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap='I'>login.access</emphasis>
is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host)
combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that
matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that
table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused.
</para>
<para>
Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated
by a ":" character:
</para>
<para>
<emphasis remap='I'>permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap='I'>users</emphasis>:<emphasis remap='I'>origins</emphasis>
</para>
<para>
The first field should be a "<emphasis>+</emphasis>" (access granted)
or "<emphasis>-</emphasis>" (access denied) character. The second
field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a
list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names,
domain names (begin with "<literal>.</literal>"), host addresses,
internet network numbers (end with "<literal>.</literal>"),
<emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or
<emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (matches any string that does not contain a
"<literal>.</literal>" character). If you run NIS you can use
@netgroupname in host or user patterns.
</para>
<para>
The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write
very compact rules.
</para>
<para>
The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the
logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly
listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='files'>
<title>FILES</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
<para>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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