path: root/autoupdate.in

#! @PERL@ -w
# -*- perl -*-
# autoupdate - modernize an Autoconf file.
# Copyright 2010-2022,2023 Thomas E. Dickey
# Copyright 1994, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
# any later version.

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
# 02111-1307, USA.

# Originally written by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
# Rewritten by Akim Demaille <akim@freefriends.org>.

use 5.005;
use Getopt::Long;
use File::Basename;
use strict;

(my $me = $0) =~ s,.*[\\/],,;

# Lib files.
my $autoconf_dir = $ENV{"AC_MACRODIR"} || "@datadir@";
my $autoconf = '';
my $debug = 0;
my $localdir = '.';
# m4.
my $m4 = $ENV{"M4"} || "@M4@";
my $verbose = 0;
my $SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX = $ENV{'SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX'} || '~';
my $tmp = '';


## ---------- ##
## Routines.  ##
## ---------- ##


# &mktmpdir ()
# ------------
sub mktmpdir ()
{
  my $TMPDIR = $ENV{'TMPDIR'} || '/tmp';

  # If mktemp supports dirs, use it to please Marc E.
  $tmp = `(umask 077 && mktemp -d -q "$TMPDIR/auXXXXXX") 2>/dev/null`;
  chomp $tmp;

  if (!$tmp || !-d $tmp)
    {
      $tmp = "$TMPDIR/au" . int (rand 10000) . ".$$";
      mkdir $tmp, 0700
	or die "$me: cannot create $tmp: $!\n";
    }

  print STDERR "$me:$$: working in $tmp\n"
    if $debug;
}


# END
# ---
# Exit nonzero whenever closing STDOUT fails.
sub END
{
  use POSIX qw (_exit);

  my ($q) = ($?);

  # FIXME: Heelp!  Can't find a means to properly catch system's
  # exit status (without hair I mean).
  # my $status = $? >> 8;

  if (!$debug && -d $tmp)
    {
      unlink <$tmp/*>
	or warn ("$me: cannot empty $tmp: $!\n"), _exit (1);
      rmdir $tmp
	or warn ("$me: cannot remove $tmp: $!\n"), _exit (1);
    }

  # This is required if the code might send any output to stdout
  # E.g., even --version or --help.  So it's best to do it unconditionally.
  close STDOUT
    or (warn "$me: closing standard output: $!\n"), _exit (1);

  ($!, $?) = (0, $q);
}


# print_usage ()
# --------------
# Display usage (--help).
sub print_usage ()
{
  print <<"END";
Usage: $0 [OPTION] ...  [TEMPLATE-FILE...]

Update the TEMPLATE-FILE... if given, or \`configure.ac' if present,
or else \`configure.in', to the syntax of the current version of
Autoconf.  The original files are backed up.

Operation modes:
  -h, --help           print this help, then exit
  -V, --version        print version number, then exit
  -v, --verbose        verbosely report processing
  -d, --debug          don't remove temporary files

Library directories:
  -A, --autoconf-dir=ACDIR  Autoconf's macro files location (rarely needed)
  -l, --localdir=DIR        location of \`aclocal.m4'

Environment variables:
  M4         GNU M4 1.4 or above
  AUTOCONF   autoconf @VERSION@

Report bugs to <@PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@>.
END
  exit 0;
}


# print_version ()
# ----------------
# Display version (--version).
sub print_version
{
  print <<END;
autoupdate (@PACKAGE_NAME@) @VERSION@
Written by David J. MacKenzie and Akim Demaille.

Copyright 1994, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
END
  exit 0;
}


# $CONFIGURE_AC
# &find_configure_ac ()
# ---------------------
sub find_configure_ac ()
{
  if (-f 'configure.ac')
    {
      if (-f 'configure.in')
	{
	  warn "warning: `configure.ac' and `configure.in' both present.\n";
	  warn "warning: proceeding with `configure.ac'.\n";
	}
      return 'configure.ac';
    }
  elsif (-f 'configure.in')
    {
      return 'configure.in';
    }
  return;
}


# parse_args ()
# -------------
# Process any command line arguments.
sub parse_args ()
{
  my $srcdir;
  # F*k.  Getopt seems bogus and dies when given `-' with `bundling'.
  # If fixed some day, use this: '' => sub { push @ARGV, "-" }
  my $update_stdin = grep /^-$/, @ARGV;
  @ARGV = grep !/^-$/, @ARGV;
  Getopt::Long::config ("bundling");
  Getopt::Long::GetOptions ('A|autoconf-dir|m|macrodir=s' => \$autoconf_dir,
			    'l|localdir=s' => \$localdir,
			    'd|debug'      => \$debug,
			    'h|help'    => \&print_usage,
			    'V|version' => \&print_version,
			    'v|verbose' => \$verbose)
    or exit 1;
  push @ARGV, '-'
    if $update_stdin;
  if (! @ARGV)
    {
      my $configure_ac = find_configure_ac;
      die 'no input file'
	unless $configure_ac;
      push @ARGV, $configure_ac;
    }
}


# find_slaves
# -----------
# Find the lib files and autoconf.
sub find_slaves ()
{
  # Some non-GNU m4's don't reject the --help option, so give them /dev/null.
  die "Autoconf requires GNU m4 1.4 or later\n"
    if system "$m4 --help </dev/null 2>&1 | @FGREP@ reload-state >/dev/null";

  # autoconf.
  (my $dir = $0) =~ s,[^\\/]*$,,;

  # We test "$dir/autoconf" in case we are in the build tree, in which case
  # the names are not transformed yet.
  foreach my $file ($ENV{"AUTOCONF"} || '',
		    "$dir/@autoconf-name@",
		    "$dir/autoconf",
		    "@bindir@/@autoconf-name@")
    {
      if (-x $file)
	{
	  $autoconf = $file;
	  last;
	}
    }

  # This is needed because perl's '-x' isn't a smart as bash's; that
  # is, it won't find autoconf.sh.
  $autoconf = 'autoconf'
    if !$autoconf;
}


## -------------- ##
## Main program.  ##
## -------------- ##
find_slaves;
parse_args;
mktmpdir;
$autoconf .= " --autoconf-dir $autoconf_dir --localdir $localdir";


# @M4_BUILTINS -- M4 builtins and a useful comment.
my @m4_builtins = `echo dumpdef | $m4 2>&1 >/dev/null`;
map { s/:.*//;s/\W// } @m4_builtins;


# m4.m4 -- enable the m4 builtins.
# unm4.m4 -- disable the m4 builtins.
# savem4.m4 -- save the m4 builtins.
open M4_M4, ">$tmp/m4.m4"
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
open UNM4_M4, ">$tmp/unm4.m4"
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
open M4SAVE_M4, ">$tmp/m4save.m4"
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
foreach (@m4_builtins)
  {
    print M4_M4     "_au_define([$_], _au_defn([_au_$_]))\n";
    print UNM4_M4   "_au_undefine([$_])\n";
    print M4SAVE_M4 "define([_au_$_], defn([$_]))\n";
  }
close M4SAVE_M4
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";
close UNM4_M4
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";
close M4_M4
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";


# @AU_MACROS & AC_MACROS -- AU and AC macros and yet another useful comment.
open MACROS, ("$autoconf "
	      . "--trace AU_DEFUN:'AU:\$f:\$1' --trace define:'AC:\$f:\$1' "
	      . "-i /dev/null |")
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
my (%ac_macros, %au_macros);
while (<MACROS>)
  {
    chomp;
    /^(AC|AU):(.*):([^:]*)$/ or next;
    my $filename = basename ($2);
    if ($1 eq "AC")
      {
	$ac_macros{$3} = $filename;
      }
    else
      {
	$au_macros{$3} = $filename;
      }
  }
close MACROS
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";
# Don't keep AU macros in @AC_MACROS.
delete $ac_macros{$_}
  foreach (keys %au_macros);
if ($debug)
  {
    print STDERR "Current Autoconf macros:\n";
    print STDERR join (' ', sort keys %ac_macros) . "\n\n";
    print STDERR "Obsolete Autoconf macros:\n";
    print STDERR join (' ', sort keys %au_macros) . "\n\n";
  }

# $au_changequote -- enable the quote `[', `]' right before any AU macro.
my $au_changequote =
  's/\b(' . join ('|', keys %au_macros) . ')\b/_au_changequote([,])$1/g';

# au.m4 -- definitions the AU macros.
system ("$autoconf --trace AU_DEFUN:'_au_defun(\@<:\@\$1\@:>\@,
\@<:\@\$2\@:>\@)' -i /dev/null "
	. ">$tmp/au.m4");

# ac.m4 -- autoquoting definitions of the AC macros (M4sugar excluded).
# disable.m4 -- undefine the macros of AC and m4sugar.
open AC_M4, ">$tmp/ac.m4"
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
open DISABLE_M4, ">$tmp/disable.m4"
  or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
foreach (sort keys %ac_macros)
  {
    print AC_M4      "_au_define([$_], [[\$0(\$\@)]])\n"
      unless $ac_macros{$_} eq "m4sugar.m4";
    print DISABLE_M4 "_au_undefine([$_])\n";
  }
close DISABLE_M4
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";
close AC_M4
  or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";



## ------------------- ##
## Process the files.  ##
## ------------------- ##

foreach my $file (@ARGV)
  {
    my $filename = $file;
    # We need an actual file.
    if ($file eq '-')
      {
	$file = "$tmp/stdin";
	system "cat >$file";
      }
    elsif (! -r "$file")
      {
	die "$me: $file: No such file or directory";
      }

    # input.m4 -- m4 program to produce the updated file.
    # Load the values, the dispatcher, neutralize m4, and the prepared
    # input file.
    my $input_m4 = <<EOF;
      divert(-1)                                            -*- Autoconf -*-
      changequote([, ])

      # Move all the builtins into the \`_au_' pseudo namespace
      include([$tmp/m4save.m4])

      # _au_defun(NAME, BODY)
      # ---------------------
      # Define NAME to BODY, plus AU activation/deactivation.
      _au_define([_au_defun],
      [_au_define([\$1],
      [_au_enable()dnl
      \$2[]dnl
      _au_disable()])])

      # Import the definition of the obsolete macros.
      _au_include([$tmp/au.m4])


      ## ------------------------ ##
      ## _au_enable/_au_disable.  ##
      ## ------------------------ ##

      # They work by pair: each time an AU macro is activated, it runs
      # _au_enable, and at its end its runs _au_disable (see _au_defun
      # above).  But since AU macros might use AU macros, which should
      # enable/disable only for the outer AU macros.
      #
      # \`_au_enabled' is used to this end, condionning whether we really
      # enable/disable.


      # __au_enable
      # -----------
      # Reenable the builtins, and m4sugar.
      _au_define([__au_enable],
      [_au_divert(-1)
      # Enable special characters.
      _au_changecom([#])

      # Enable the m4 builtins, m4sugar and the autoquoting AC macros.
      _au_include([$tmp/m4.m4])
      _au_include([$autoconf_dir/m4sugar.m4])
      _au_include([$tmp/ac.m4])

      _au_divert(0)])

      # _au_enable
      # ----------
      # Called at the beginning of all the obsolete macros.  Reenable the
      # builtins, and m4sugar if needed.
      _au_define([_au_enable],
      [_au_ifdef([_au_enabled],
                 [],
                 [__au_enable()])_au_dnl
      _au_pushdef([_au_enabled])])


      # __au_disable
      # ------------
      # Disable the builtins, and m4sugar.
      _au_define([__au_disable],
      [_au_divert(-1)
      # Disable m4sugar, the AC autoquoting macros, and m4.
      _au_include([$tmp/disable.m4])
      _au_include([$tmp/unm4.m4])

      # Disable special characters.
      _au_changequote()
      _au_changecom()

      _au_divert(0)])

      # _au_disable
      # -----------
      # Called at the end of all the obsolete macros.  Disable the
      # builtins, and m4sugar if needed..
      _au_define([_au_disable],
      [_au_popdef([_au_enabled])_au_dnl
      _au_ifdef([_au_enabled],
                [],
                [__au_disable()])])


      ## ------------------------------- ##
      ## Disable, and process the file.  ##
      ## ------------------------------- ##
      _au_disable()_au_dnl
EOF

    $input_m4 =~ s/^      //mg;

    # prepared input -- input, but reenables the quote before each AU macro.
    open INPUT_M4, ">$tmp/input.m4"
       or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
    open FILE, "<$file"
       or die "$me: cannot open: $!\n";
    print INPUT_M4 "$input_m4";
    while (<FILE>)
       {
	 eval $au_changequote;
	 print INPUT_M4;
       }
    close FILE
       or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";
    close INPUT_M4
       or die "$me: cannot close: $!\n";

    # Now ask m4 to perform the update.
    print STDERR "$me: running $m4 $tmp/input.m4\n"
       if $verbose;
    if (system ("$m4 $tmp/input.m4 >$tmp/updated"))
       {
	 # Exit status of system() is in the upper byte.
	 $! >>= 8;
	 die "$me: cannot update \`$filename'\n";
       };

    if ("$file" eq "$tmp/stdin")
       {
	 system ("cat $tmp/updated");
       }
    elsif (! system ("cmp -s $tmp/updated $file"))
       {
	 # File didn't change, so don't update its mod time.
	 print STDERR "$me: \`$file' is unchanged\n"
       }
    else
       {
	 # Back up and install the new one.
	 if (system ("mv $file $file${SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX} && "
		     . "mv $tmp/updated $file") == 0)
	   {
	     print STDERR "$me: \`$file' is updated\n";
	   }
	 else
	   {
	     die "$me: cannot update \`$file'\n";
	   }
       }
  }

exit 0;


# 		  ## ---------------------------- ##
# 		  ## How `autoupdate' functions.  ##
# 		  ## ---------------------------- ##
#
# The task of `autoupdate' is not trivial: the biggest difficulty being
# that you must limit the changes to the parts that really need to be
# updated.  Finding a satisfying implementation proved to be quite hard,
# as this is the fourth implementation of `autoupdate'.
#
# Below, we will use a simple example of obsolete macro:
#
#     AU_DEFUN([OLD], [NEW([$1, $2], m4_eval([$1 + $2]))])
#     AC_DEFUN([NEW], [echo "sum($1) = $2"])
#
# the input file contains
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
# Of course the expected output is
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     NEW([1, 2], [3])
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
#
# # First implementation: sed
# # =========================
#
# The first implementation was only able to change the name of obsolete
# macros.
#
# The file `acoldnames.m4' defined the old names based on the new names.
# It was simple then to produce a sed script such as:
#
#     s/OLD/NEW/g
#
# Updating merely consisted in running this script on the file to
# update.
#
# This scheme suffers an obvious limitation: that `autoupdate' was
# unable to cope with new macros that just swap some of its arguments
# compared to the old macro.  Fortunately, that was enough to upgrade
# from Autoconf 1 to Autoconf 2.  (But I have no idea whether the
# changes in Autoconf 2 were precisely limited by this constraint.)
#
#
# # Second implementation: hooks
# # ============================
#
# The version 2.15 of Autoconf brought a vast number of changes compared
# to 2.13, so a solution was needed.  One could think to extend the
# `sed' scripts with specialized code for complex macros.  But this
# approach is of course full of flaws:
#
# a. the Autoconf maintainers have to write these snippets, which we
#    just don't want to,
#
# b. I really don't think you'll ever manage to handle the quoting of
#    m4 from sed.
#
# To satisfy a., let's remark that the code which implements the old
# features in term of the new feature is exactly the code which should
# replace the old code.
#
# To answer point b, as usual in the history of Autoconf, the answer, at
# least on the paper, is simple: m4 is the best tool to parse m4, so
# let's use m4.
#
# Therefore the specification is:
#
#     I want to be able to tell Autoconf, well, m4, that the macro I
#     am currently defining is an obsolete macro (so that the user is
#     warned), which code is the code to use when running autoconf,
#     but that the very same code has to be used when running
#     autoupdate.  To summarize, the interface I want is
#     `AU_DEFUN(OLD-NAME, NEW-CODE)'.
#
#
# Now for the technical details.
#
# When running autoconf, except for the warning, AU_DEFUN is basically
# AC_DEFUN.
#
# When running autoupdate, we want *only* OLD-NAMEs to be expanded.
# This obviously means that acgeneral.m4 and acspecific.m4 must not be
# loaded.  Nonetheless, because we want to use a rich set of m4
# features, m4sugar.m4 is needed.  Please note that the fact that
# Autoconf's macros are not loaded is positive on two points:
#
# - we do get an updated `configure.ac', not a `configure'!
#
# - the old macros are replaced by *calls* to the new-macros, not the
#   body of the new macros, since their body is not defined!!!
#   (Whoa, that's really beautiful!).
#
# Additionally we need to disable the quotes when reading the input for
# two reasons: first because otherwise `m4' will swallow the quotes of
# other macros:
#
#     NEW([1, 2], 3)
#     => NEW(1, 2, 3)
#
# and second, because we want to update the macro calls which are
# quoted, i.e., we want
#
#     FOO([OLD(1, 2)])
#     => FOO([NEW([1, 2], [3])])
#
# If we don't disable the quotes, only the macros called at the top
# level would be updated.
#
# So, let's disable the quotes.
#
# Well, not quite: m4sugar.m4 still needs to use quotes for some macros.
# Well, in this case, when running in autoupdate code, each macro first
# reestablishes the quotes, expands itself, and disables the quotes.
#
# Thinking a bit more, you realize that in fact, people may use `define'
# `ifelse' etc. in their files, and you certainly don't want to process
# them.  Another example is `dnl': you don't want to remove the
# comments.  You then realize you don't want exactly to import m4sugar:
# you want to specify when it is enabled (macros active), and disabled.
# m4sugar provides m4_disable/m4_enable to this end.
#
# You're getting close to it.  Now remains one task: how to handle
# twofold definitions?
#
# Remember that the same AU_DEFUN must be understood in two different
# ways, the AC way, and the AU way.
#
# One first solution is to check whether acgeneral.m4 was loaded.  But
# that's definitely not cute.  Another is simply to install `hooks',
# that is to say, to keep in some place m4 knows, late `define' to be
# triggered *only* in AU mode.
#
# You first think to design AU_DEFUN like this:
#
# 1. AC_DEFUN(OLD-NAME,
# 	      [Warn the user OLD-NAME is obsolete.
# 	       NEW-CODE])
#
# 2. Store for late AU binding([define(OLD_NAME,
# 				[Reestablish the quotes.
# 				 NEW-CODE
# 				 Disable the quotes.])])
#
# but this will not work: NEW-CODE has probably $1, $2 etc. and these
# guys will be replaced with the argument of `Store for late AU binding'
# when you call it.
#
# I don't think there is a means to avoid this using this technology
# (remember that $1 etc. are *always* expanded in m4).  You may also try
# to replace them with $[1] to preserve them for a later evaluation, but
# if `Store for late AU binding' is properly written, it will remain
# quoted till the end...
#
# You have to change technology.  Since the problem is that `$1'
# etc. should be `consumed' right away, one solution is to define now a
# second macro, `AU_OLD-NAME', and to install a hook than binds OLD-NAME
# to AU_OLD-NAME.  Then, autoupdate.m4 just need to run the hooks.  By
# the way, the same method was used in autoheader.
#
#
# # Third implementation: m4 namespaces by m4sugar
# # ==============================================
#
# Actually, this implementation was just a clean up of the previous
# implementation: instead of defining hooks by hand, m4sugar was equipped
# with `namespaces'.  What are they?
#
# Sometimes we want to disable some *set* of macros, and restore them
# later.  We provide support for this via namespaces.
#
# There are basically three characters playing this scene: defining a
# macro in a namespace, disabling a namespace, and restoring a namespace
# (i.e., all the definitions it holds).
#
# Technically, to define a MACRO in NAMESPACE means to define the macro
# named `NAMESPACE::MACRO' to the VALUE.  At the same time, we append
# `undefine(NAME)' in the macro named `m4_disable(NAMESPACE)', and
# similarly a binding of NAME to the value of `NAMESPACE::MACRO' in
# `m4_enable(NAMESPACE)'.  These mechanisms allow to bind the macro of
# NAMESPACE and to unbind them at will.
#
# Of course this implementation is really inefficient: m4 has to grow
# strings which can become quickly huge, which slows it significantly.
#
# In particular one should avoid as much as possible to use `define' for
# temporaries.  Now that `define' as quite a complex meaning, it is an
# expensive operations that should be limited to macros.  Use
# `m4_define' for temporaries.
#
# Private copies of the macros we used in entering / exiting the m4sugar
# namespace.  It is much more convenient than fighting with the renamed
# version of define etc.
#
#
#
# Those two implementations suffered from serious problems:
#
# - namespaces were really expensive, and incurred a major performance
#   loss on `autoconf' itself, not only `autoupdate'.  One solution
#   would have been the limit the use of namespaces to `autoupdate', but
#   that's again some complications on m4sugar, which really doesn't need
#   this.  So we wanted to get rid of the namespaces.
#
# - since the quotes were disabled, autoupdate was sometimes making
#   wrong guesses, for instance on:
#
#     foo([1, 2])
#
#   m4 saw 2 arguments: `[1'and `2]'.  A simple solution, somewhat
#   fragile, is to reestablish the quotes right before all the obsolete
#   macros, i.e., to use sed so that the previous text becomes
#
#     changequote([, ])foo([1, 2])
#
#   To this end, one wants to trace the definition of obsolete macros.
#
# It was there that the limitations of the namespace approach became
# painful: because it was a complex machinery playing a lot with the
# builtins of m4 (hence, quite fragile), tracing was almost impossible.
#
#
# So this approach was dropped.
#
#
# # The fourth implementation: two steps
# # ====================================
#
# If you drop the uses of namespaces, you no longer can compute the
# updated value, and replace the old call with it simultaneously.
#
# Obviously you will use m4 to compute the updated values, but you may
# use some other tool to achieve the replacement.  Personally, I trust
# nobody but m4 to parse m4, so below, m4 will perform the two tasks.
#
# How can m4 be used to replace *some* macros calls with newer values.
# Well, that's dead simple: m4 should learn the definitions of obsolete
# macros, forget its builtins, disable the quotes, and then run on the
# input file, which amounts to doing this:
#
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
#     define([OLD], [NEW([$1, $2], m4_eval([$1 + $2]))changequote()])
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([m4_eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# which will result in
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     NEW(1, 2, m4_eval(1 + 2))
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# Grpmh.  Two problems.  A minor problem: it would have been much better
# to have the `m4_eval' computed, and a major problem: you lost the
# quotation in the result.
#
# Let's address the big problem first.  One solution is to define any
# modern macro to rewrite its calls with the proper quotation, thanks to
# `$@'.  Again, tracing the `define's makes it possible to know which
# are these macros, so you input is:
#
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
#     define([OLD], [NEW([$1, $2], m4_eval([$1 + $2]))changequote()])
#     define([NEW], [[NEW($@)]changequote()])
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([m4_eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     changequote([, ])NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# which results in
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     NEW([1, 2],[m4_eval(1 + 2)])
#     NEW([0, 0],[0])
#
# Our problem is solved, i.e., the first call to `NEW' is properly
# quoted, but introduced another problem: we changed the layout of the
# second calls, which can be a drama in the case of huge macro calls
# (think of `AC_TRY_RUN' for instance).  This example didn't show it,
# but we also introduced parens to macros which did not have some:
#
#     AC_INIT
#     => AC_INIT()
#
# No big deal for the semantics (unless the macro depends upon $#, which
# is bad), but the users would not be happy.
#
# Additionally, we introduced quotes that we not there before, which is
# OK in most cases, but could change the semantics of the file.
#
# Cruel dilemma: we do want the auto-quoting definition of `NEW' when
# evaluating `OLD', but we don't when we evaluate the second `NEW'.
# Back to namespaces?
#
# No.
#
#
# # Second step: replacement
# # ------------------------
#
# No, as announced above, we will work in two steps: in a first step we
# compute the updated values, and in a second step we replace them.  Our
# goal is something like this:
#
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
#     define([OLD], [NEW([1, 2], [3])changequote()])
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([m4_eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# i.e., the new value of `OLD' is precomputed using the auto-quoting
# definition of `NEW' and the m4 builtins.  We'll see how afterwards,
# let's finish with the replacement.
#
# Of course the solution above is wrong: if there were other calls to
# `OLD' with different values, we would smash them to the same value.
# But it is quite easy to generalize the scheme above:
#
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
#     define([OLD([1],[2])], [NEW([1, 2], [3])])
#     define([OLD], [defn([OLD($@)])changequote()])
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([m4_eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# i.e., for each call to obsolete macros, we build an array `call =>
# value', and use a macro to dispatch these values.  This results in:
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     NEW([1, 2], [3])
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# In French, we say `Youpi !', which you might roughly translate as
# `yipeee!'.
#
#
# # First step: computation
# # -----------------------
#
# Let's study the anatomy of the file, and name its sections:
#
# prologue
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
# values
#     define([OLD([1],[2])], [NEW([1, 2], [3])])
# dispatcher
#     define([OLD], [defn([OLD($@)])changequote()])
# disabler
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([m4_eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
# input
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
#
# # Computing the `values' section
# # ..............................
#
# First we need to get the list of all the AU macro uses.  To this end,
# first get the list of all the AU macros names by tracing `AU_DEFUN' in
# the initialization of autoconf.  This list is computed in the file
# `au.txt' below.
#
# Then use this list to trace all the AU macro uses in the input.  The
# goal is obtain in the case of our example:
#
#     [define([OLD([1],[2])],]@<<@OLD([1],[2])@>>@[)]
#
# This is the file `values.in' below.
#
# We want to evaluate this with only the builtins (in fact m4sugar), the
# auto-quoting definitions of the new macros (`new.m4'), and the
# definition of the old macros (`old.m4').  Computing these last two
# files is easy: it's just a matter of using the right `--trace' option.
#
# So the content of `values.in' is:
#
#     include($autoconf_dir/m4sugar.m4)
#     m4_include(new.m4)
#     m4_include(old.m4)
#     divert(0)dnl
#     [define([OLD([1],[2])],]@<<@OLD([1],[2])@>>@[)]
#
# We run m4 on it, which yields:
#
#     define([OLD([1],[2])],@<<@NEW([1, 2], [3])@>>@)
#
# Transform `@<<@' and `@>>@' into quotes and we get
#
#     define([OLD([1],[2])],[NEW([1, 2], [3])])
#
# This is `values.m4'.
#
#
# # Computing the `dispatcher' section
# # ..................................
#
# The `prologue', and the `disabler' are simple and need no commenting.
#
# To compute the `dispatcher' (`dispatch.m4'), again, it is a simple
# matter of using the right `--trace'.
#
# Finally, the input is not exactly the input file, rather it is the
# input file with the added `changequote'.  To this end, we build
# `quote.sed'.
#
#
# # Putting it all together
# # .......................
#
# We build the file `input.m4' which contains:
#
#     divert(-1)dnl
#     changequote([, ])
#     include(values.m4)
#     include(dispatch.m4)
#     undefine([dnl])
#     undefine([eval])
#     # Some more undefines...
#     changequote()
#     divert(0)dnl
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0],
# 	  0)
#
# And we just run m4 on it.  Et voila`, Monsieur !  Mais oui, mais oui.
#
# Well, there are a few additional technicalities.  For instance, we
# rely on `changequote', `ifelse' and `defn', but we don't want to
# interpret the changequotes of the user, so we simply use another name:
# `_au_changequote' etc.
#
#
# # Failure of the fourth approach
# # ------------------------------
#
# This approach is heavily based on traces, but then there is an obvious
# problem: non expanded code will never be seen/ In particular, the body
# of a `define' definition is not seen, so on the input
#
# 	  define([idem], [OLD(0, [$1])])
#
# autoupdate would never see the `OLD', and wouldn't have updated it.
# Worse yet, if `idem(0)' was used later, then autoupdate sees that
# `OLD' is used, computes the result for `OLD(0, 0)' and sets up a
# dispatcher for `OLD'.  Since there was no computed value for `OLD(0,
# [$1])', the dispatcher would have replaced with... nothinhg, leading
# to
#
# 	  define([idem], [])
#
# With some more thinking, you see that the two step approach is wrong,
# the namespace approach was much saner.
#
# But you learned a lot, in particular you realized that using traces
# can make it possible to simulate namespaces!
#
#
#
# # The fifth implementation: m4 namespaces by files
# # ================================================
#
# The fourth implementation demonstrated something unsurprising: you
# cannot precompute, i.e., the namespace approach was the right one.
# Still, we no longer want them, they're too expensive.  Let's have a
# look at the way it worked.
#
# When updating
#
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
# you evaluate `input.m4':
#
#     divert(-1)
#     changequote([, ])
#     define([OLD],
#     [m4_enable()NEW([$1, $2], m4_eval([$1 + $2]))m4_disable()])
#     ...
#     m4_disable()
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
# where `m4_disable' undefines the m4 and m4sugar, and disables the quotes
# and comments:
#
#     define([m4_disable],
#     [undefine([__file__])
#     ...
#     changecom(#)
#     changequote()])
#
# `m4_enable' does the converse: reestablish quotes and comments
# --easy--, reestablish m4sugar --easy: just load `m4sugar.m4' again-- and
# reenable the builtins.  This later task requires that you first save
# the builtins.  And BTW, the definition above of `m4_disable' cannot
# work: you undefined `changequote' before using it!  So you need to use
# your privates copies of the builtins.  Let's introduce three files for
# this:
#
#  `m4save.m4'
#    moves the m4 builtins into the `_au_' pseudo namespace
#  `unm4.m4'
#    undefines the builtins
#  `m4.m4'
#    restores them
#
# So `input.m4' is:
#
#     divert(-1)
#     changequote([, ])
#
#     include([m4save.m4])
#
#     # Import AU.
#     define([OLD],
#     [m4_enable()NEW([$1, $2], m4_eval([$1 + $2]))m4_disable()])
#
#     define([_au_enable],
#     [_au_changecom([#])
#     _au_include([m4.m4])
#     _au_include(m4sugar.m4)])
#
#     define([_au_disable],
#     [# Disable m4sugar.
#     # Disable the m4 builtins.
#     _au_include([unm4.m4])
#     # 1. Disable special characters.
#     _au_changequote()
#     _au_changecom()])
#
#     m4_disable()
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
# Based on what we learned in the fourth implementation we know that we
# have to enable the quotes *before* any AU macro, and we know we need
# to build autoquoting versions of the AC macros.  But the autoquoting
# AC definitions must be disabled in the rest of the file, and enabled
# inside AU macros.
#
# Using `autoconf --trace' it is easy to build the files
#
#   `ac.m4'
#     define the autoquoting AC fake macros
#   `disable.m4'
#     undefine the m4sugar and AC autoquoting macros.
#   `au.m4'
#     definitions of the AU macros (such as `OLD' above).
#
# Now, `input.m4' is:
#
#     divert(-1)
#     changequote([, ])
#
#     include([m4save.m4])
#     # Import AU.
#     include([au.m4])
#
#     define([_au_enable],
#     [_au_changecom([#])
#     _au_include([m4.m4])
#     _au_include(m4sugar.m4)
#     _au_include(ac.m4)])
#
#     define([_au_disable],
#     [_au_include([disable.m4])
#     _au_include([unm4.m4])
#     # 1. Disable special characters.
#     _au_changequote()
#     _au_changecom()])
#
#     m4_disable()
#     dnl The Unbelievable Truth
#     _au_changequote([, ])OLD(1, 2)
#     NEW([0, 0], [0])
#
# Finally, version V is ready.
#
# Well... almost.
#
# There is a slight problem that remains: if an AU macro OUTER includes
# an AU macro INNER, then _au_enable will be run when entering OUTER
# and when entering INNER (not good, but not too bad yet).  But when
# getting out of INNER, _au_disable will disable everything while we
# were still in OUTER.  Badaboom.
#
# Therefore _au_enable and _au_disable have to be written to work by
# pairs: each _au_enable pushdef's _au_enabled, and each _au_disable
# popdef's _au_enabled.  And of course _au_enable and _au_disable are
# effective when _au_enabled is *not* defined.
#
# Finally, version V' is ready.  And there is much rejoicing.  (And I
# have free time again.  I think.  Yeah, right.)