Adding upstream version 9.4.upstream/9.4upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 902 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/env.c b/src/env.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b008ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/env.c
@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+/* env - run a program in a modified environment
+   Copyright (C) 1986-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* Richard Mlynarik and David MacKenzie */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <c-ctype.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "system.h"
+#include "operand2sig.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "sig2str.h"
+
+/* The official name of this program (e.g., no 'g' prefix).  */
+#define PROGRAM_NAME "env"
+
+#define AUTHORS \
+  proper_name ("Richard Mlynarik"), \
+  proper_name ("David MacKenzie"), \
+  proper_name ("Assaf Gordon")
+
+/* Array of envvars to unset.  */
+static char const **usvars;
+static size_t usvars_alloc;
+static idx_t usvars_used;
+
+/* Annotate the output with extra info to aid the user.  */
+static bool dev_debug;
+
+/* Buffer and length of extracted envvars in -S strings.  */
+static char *varname;
+static idx_t vnlen;
+
+/* Possible actions on each signal.  */
+enum SIGNAL_MODE {
+  UNCHANGED = 0,
+  DEFAULT,       /* Set to default handler (SIG_DFL).  */
+  DEFAULT_NOERR, /* Ditto, but ignore sigaction(2) errors.  */
+  IGNORE,        /* Set to ignore (SIG_IGN).  */
+  IGNORE_NOERR   /* Ditto, but ignore sigaction(2) errors.  */
+};
+static enum SIGNAL_MODE *signals;
+
+/* Set of signals to block.  */
+static sigset_t block_signals;
+
+/* Set of signals to unblock.  */
+static sigset_t unblock_signals;
+
+/* Whether signal mask adjustment requested.  */
+static bool sig_mask_changed;
+
+/* Whether to list non default handling.  */
+static bool report_signal_handling;
+
+/* The isspace characters in the C locale.  */
+#define C_ISSPACE_CHARS " \t\n\v\f\r"
+
+static char const shortopts[] = "+C:iS:u:v0" C_ISSPACE_CHARS;
+
+/* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
+   non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1.  */
+enum
+{
+  DEFAULT_SIGNAL_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
+  IGNORE_SIGNAL_OPTION,
+  BLOCK_SIGNAL_OPTION,
+  LIST_SIGNAL_HANDLING_OPTION,
+};
+
+static struct option const longopts[] =
+{
+  {"ignore-environment", no_argument, nullptr, 'i'},
+  {"null", no_argument, nullptr, '0'},
+  {"unset", required_argument, nullptr, 'u'},
+  {"chdir", required_argument, nullptr, 'C'},
+  {"default-signal", optional_argument, nullptr, DEFAULT_SIGNAL_OPTION},
+  {"ignore-signal",  optional_argument, nullptr, IGNORE_SIGNAL_OPTION},
+  {"block-signal",   optional_argument, nullptr, BLOCK_SIGNAL_OPTION},
+  {"list-signal-handling", no_argument, nullptr,  LIST_SIGNAL_HANDLING_OPTION},
+  {"debug", no_argument, nullptr, 'v'},
+  {"split-string", required_argument, nullptr, 'S'},
+  {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
+  {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
+  {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0}
+};
+
+void
+usage (int status)
+{
+  if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+    emit_try_help ();
+  else
+    {
+      printf (_("\
+Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]\n"),
+              program_name);
+      fputs (_("\
+Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.\n\
+"), stdout);
+
+      emit_mandatory_arg_note ();
+
+      fputs (_("\
+  -i, --ignore-environment  start with an empty environment\n\
+  -0, --null           end each output line with NUL, not newline\n\
+  -u, --unset=NAME     remove variable from the environment\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+  -C, --chdir=DIR      change working directory to DIR\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+  -S, --split-string=S  process and split S into separate arguments;\n\
+                        used to pass multiple arguments on shebang lines\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+      --block-signal[=SIG]    block delivery of SIG signal(s) to COMMAND\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+      --default-signal[=SIG]  reset handling of SIG signal(s) to the default\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+      --ignore-signal[=SIG]   set handling of SIG signal(s) to do nothing\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+      --list-signal-handling  list non default signal handling to stderr\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+  -v, --debug          print verbose information for each processing step\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
+      fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+\n\
+A mere - implies -i.  If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+\n\
+SIG may be a signal name like 'PIPE', or a signal number like '13'.\n\
+Without SIG, all known signals are included.  Multiple signals can be\n\
+comma-separated.  An empty SIG argument is a no-op.\n\
+"), stdout);
+      emit_exec_status (PROGRAM_NAME);
+      emit_ancillary_info (PROGRAM_NAME);
+    }
+  exit (status);
+}
+
+static void
+append_unset_var (char const *var)
+{
+  if (usvars_used == usvars_alloc)
+    usvars = x2nrealloc (usvars, &usvars_alloc, sizeof *usvars);
+  usvars[usvars_used++] = var;
+}
+
+static void
+unset_envvars (void)
+{
+  for (idx_t i = 0; i < usvars_used; ++i)
+    {
+      devmsg ("unset:    %s\n", usvars[i]);
+
+      if (unsetenv (usvars[i]))
+        error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("cannot unset %s"),
+               quote (usvars[i]));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to the end of a valid ${VARNAME} string, or nullptr.
+   'str' should point to the '$' character.
+   First letter in VARNAME must be alpha or underscore,
+   rest of letters are alnum or underscore.
+   Any other character is an error.  */
+ATTRIBUTE_PURE
+static char const *
+scan_varname (char const *str)
+{
+  if (str[1] == '{' && (c_isalpha (str[2]) || str[2] == '_'))
+    {
+      char const *end = str + 3;
+      while (c_isalnum (*end) || *end == '_')
+        ++end;
+      if (*end == '}')
+        return end;
+    }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to a static buffer containing the VARNAME as
+   extracted from a '${VARNAME}' string.
+   The returned string will be NUL terminated.
+   The returned pointer should not be freed.
+   Return nullptr if not a valid ${VARNAME} syntax.  */
+static char *
+extract_varname (char const *str)
+{
+  idx_t i;
+  char const *p;
+
+  p = scan_varname (str);
+  if (!p)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  /* -2 and +2 (below) account for the '${' prefix.  */
+  i = p - str - 2;
+
+  if (i >= vnlen)
+    {
+      vnlen = i + 1;
+      varname = xrealloc (varname, vnlen);
+    }
+
+  memcpy (varname, str + 2, i);
+  varname[i] = 0;
+
+  return varname;
+}
+
+/* Temporary buffer used by --split-string processing.  */
+struct splitbuf
+{
+  /* Buffer address, arg count, and half the number of elements in the buffer.
+     ARGC and ARGV are as in 'main', and ARGC + 1 <= HALF_ALLOC so
+     that the upper half of ARGV can be used for string contents.
+     This may waste up to half the space but keeps the code simple,
+     which is better for this rarely-used but security-sensitive code.
+
+     ARGV[0] is not initialized; that is the caller's responsibility
+     after finalization.
+
+     During assembly, ARGV[I] (where 0 < I < ARGC) contains the offset
+     of the Ith string (relative to ARGV + HALF_ALLOC), so that
+     reallocating ARGV does not change the validity of its contents.
+     The integer offset is cast to char * during assembly, and is
+     converted to a true char * pointer on finalization.
+
+     During assembly, ARGV[ARGC] contains the offset of the first
+     unused string byte (relative to ARGV + HALF_ALLOC).  */
+  char **argv;
+  int argc;
+  idx_t half_alloc;
+
+  /* The number of extra argv slots to keep room for.  */
+  int extra_argc;
+
+  /* Whether processing should act as if the most recent character
+     seen was a separator.  */
+  bool sep;
+};
+
+/* Expand SS so that it has at least one more argv slot and at least
+   one more string byte.  */
+static void
+splitbuf_grow (struct splitbuf *ss)
+{
+  idx_t old_half_alloc = ss->half_alloc;
+  idx_t string_bytes = (intptr_t) ss->argv[ss->argc];
+  ss->argv = xpalloc (ss->argv, &ss->half_alloc, 1,
+                      MIN (INT_MAX, IDX_MAX), 2 * sizeof *ss->argv);
+  memmove (ss->argv + ss->half_alloc, ss->argv + old_half_alloc, string_bytes);
+}
+
+/* In SS, append C to the last string.  */
+static void
+splitbuf_append_byte (struct splitbuf *ss, char c)
+{
+  idx_t string_bytes = (intptr_t) ss->argv[ss->argc];
+  if (ss->half_alloc * sizeof *ss->argv <= string_bytes)
+    splitbuf_grow (ss);
+  ((char *) (ss->argv + ss->half_alloc))[string_bytes] = c;
+  ss->argv[ss->argc] = (char *) (intptr_t) (string_bytes + 1);
+}
+
+/* If SS's most recent character was a separator, finish off its
+   previous argument and start a new one.  */
+static void
+check_start_new_arg (struct splitbuf *ss)
+{
+  if (ss->sep)
+    {
+      splitbuf_append_byte (ss, '\0');
+      int argc = ss->argc;
+      if (ss->half_alloc <= argc + ss->extra_argc + 1)
+        splitbuf_grow (ss);
+      ss->argv[argc + 1] = ss->argv[argc];
+      ss->argc = argc + 1;
+      ss->sep = false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* All additions to SS have been made.  Convert its offsets to pointers,
+   and return the resulting argument vector.  */
+static char **
+splitbuf_finishup (struct splitbuf *ss)
+{
+  int argc = ss->argc;
+  char **argv = ss->argv;
+  char *stringbase = (char *) (ss->argv + ss->half_alloc);
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+    argv[i] = stringbase + (intptr_t) argv[i];
+  return argv;
+}
+
+/* Return a newly-allocated argv-like array,
+   by parsing and splitting the input 'str'.
+
+   'extra_argc' is the number of additional elements to allocate
+   in the array (on top of the number of args required to split 'str').
+
+   Store into *argc the number of arguments found (plus 1 for
+   the program name).
+
+   Example:
+     int argc;
+     char **argv = build_argv ("A=B uname -k', 3, &argc);
+   Results in:
+     argc = 4
+     argv[0] = [not initialized]
+     argv[1] = "A=B"
+     argv[2] = "uname"
+     argv[3] = "-k"
+     argv[4,5,6,7] = [allocated due to extra_argc + 1, but not initialized]
+
+   To free allocated memory:
+     free (argv);
+   However, 'env' does not free since it's about to exec or exit anyway
+   and the complexity of keeping track of the storage that may have been
+   allocated via multiple calls to build_argv is not worth the hassle.  */
+static char **
+build_argv (char const *str, int extra_argc, int *argc)
+{
+  bool dq = false, sq = false;
+  struct splitbuf ss;
+  ss.argv = xnmalloc (extra_argc + 2, 2 * sizeof *ss.argv);
+  ss.argc = 1;
+  ss.half_alloc = extra_argc + 2;
+  ss.extra_argc = extra_argc;
+  ss.sep = true;
+  ss.argv[ss.argc] = 0;
+
+  /* In the following loop,
+     'break' causes the character 'newc' to be added to *dest,
+     'continue' skips the character.  */
+  while (*str)
+    {
+      char newc = *str; /* Default: add the next character.  */
+
+      switch (*str)
+        {
+        case '\'':
+          if (dq)
+            break;
+          sq = !sq;
+          check_start_new_arg (&ss);
+          ++str;
+          continue;
+
+        case '"':
+          if (sq)
+            break;
+          dq = !dq;
+          check_start_new_arg (&ss);
+          ++str;
+          continue;
+
+        case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\v': case '\f': case '\r':
+          /* Start a new argument if outside quotes.  */
+          if (sq || dq)
+            break;
+          ss.sep = true;
+          str += strspn (str, C_ISSPACE_CHARS);
+          continue;
+
+        case '#':
+          if (!ss.sep)
+            break;
+          goto eos; /* '#' as first char terminates the string.  */
+
+        case '\\':
+          /* Backslash inside single-quotes is not special, except \\
+             and \'.  */
+          if (sq && str[1] != '\\' && str[1] != '\'')
+            break;
+
+          /* Skip the backslash and examine the next character.  */
+          newc = *++str;
+          switch (newc)
+            {
+            case '"': case '#': case '$': case '\'': case '\\':
+              /* Pass escaped character as-is.  */
+              break;
+
+            case '_':
+              if (!dq)
+                {
+                  ++str;  /* '\_' outside double-quotes is arg separator.  */
+                  ss.sep = true;
+                  continue;
+                }
+              newc = ' ';  /* '\_' inside double-quotes is space.  */
+              break;
+
+            case 'c':
+              if (dq)
+                error (EXIT_CANCELED, 0,
+                       _("'\\c' must not appear in double-quoted -S string"));
+              goto eos; /* '\c' terminates the string.  */
+
+            case 'f': newc = '\f'; break;
+            case 'n': newc = '\n'; break;
+            case 'r': newc = '\r'; break;
+            case 't': newc = '\t'; break;
+            case 'v': newc = '\v'; break;
+
+            case '\0':
+              error (EXIT_CANCELED, 0,
+                     _("invalid backslash at end of string in -S"));
+
+            default:
+              error (EXIT_CANCELED, 0,
+                     _("invalid sequence '\\%c' in -S"), newc);
+            }
+          break;
+
+        case '$':
+          /* ${VARNAME} are not expanded inside single-quotes.  */
+          if (sq)
+            break;
+
+          /* Store the ${VARNAME} value.  */
+          {
+            char *n = extract_varname (str);
+            if (!n)
+              error (EXIT_CANCELED, 0,
+                     _("only ${VARNAME} expansion is supported, error at: %s"),
+                     str);
+
+            char *v = getenv (n);
+            if (v)
+              {
+                check_start_new_arg (&ss);
+                devmsg ("expanding ${%s} into %s\n", n, quote (v));
+                for (; *v; v++)
+                  splitbuf_append_byte (&ss, *v);
+              }
+            else
+              devmsg ("replacing ${%s} with null string\n", n);
+
+            str = strchr (str, '}') + 1;
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+      check_start_new_arg (&ss);
+      splitbuf_append_byte (&ss, newc);
+      ++str;
+    }
+
+  if (dq || sq)
+    error (EXIT_CANCELED, 0, _("no terminating quote in -S string"));
+
+ eos:
+  splitbuf_append_byte (&ss, '\0');
+  *argc = ss.argc;
+  return splitbuf_finishup (&ss);
+}
+
+/* Process an "-S" string and create the corresponding argv array.
+   Update the given argc/argv parameters with the new argv.
+
+   Example: if executed as:
+      $ env -S"-i -C/tmp A=B" foo bar
+   The input argv is:
+      argv[0] = "env"
+      argv[1] = "-S-i -C/tmp A=B"
+      argv[2] = "foo"
+      argv[3] = "bar"
+      argv[4] = nullptr
+   This function will modify argv to be:
+      argv[0] = "env"
+      argv[1] = "-i"
+      argv[2] = "-C/tmp"
+      argv[3] = "A=B"
+      argv[4] = "foo"
+      argv[5] = "bar"
+      argv[6] = nullptr
+   argc will be updated from 4 to 6.
+   optind will be reset to 0 to force getopt_long to rescan all arguments.  */
+static void
+parse_split_string (char const *str, int *orig_optind,
+                    int *orig_argc, char ***orig_argv)
+{
+  int extra_argc = *orig_argc - *orig_optind, newargc;
+  char **newargv = build_argv (str, extra_argc, &newargc);
+
+  /* Restore argv[0] - the 'env' executable name.  */
+  *newargv = (*orig_argv)[0];
+
+  /* Print parsed arguments.  */
+  if (dev_debug && 1 < newargc)
+    {
+      devmsg ("split -S:  %s\n", quote (str));
+      devmsg (" into:    %s\n", quote (newargv[1]));
+      for (int i = 2; i < newargc; i++)
+        devmsg ("     &    %s\n", quote (newargv[i]));
+    }
+
+  /* Add remaining arguments and terminating null from the original
+     command line.  */
+  memcpy (newargv + newargc, *orig_argv + *orig_optind,
+          (extra_argc + 1) * sizeof *newargv);
+
+  /* Set new values for original getopt variables.  */
+  *orig_argc = newargc + extra_argc;
+  *orig_argv = newargv;
+  *orig_optind = 0; /* Tell getopt to restart from first argument.  */
+}
+
+static void
+parse_signal_action_params (char const *optarg, bool set_default)
+{
+  char signame[SIG2STR_MAX];
+  char *opt_sig;
+  char *optarg_writable;
+
+  if (! optarg)
+    {
+      /* Without an argument, reset all signals.
+         Some signals cannot be set to ignore or default (e.g., SIGKILL,
+         SIGSTOP on most OSes, and SIGCONT on AIX.) - so ignore errors.  */
+      for (int i = 1 ; i <= SIGNUM_BOUND; i++)
+        if (sig2str (i, signame) == 0)
+          signals[i] = set_default ? DEFAULT_NOERR : IGNORE_NOERR;
+      return;
+    }
+
+  optarg_writable = xstrdup (optarg);
+
+  opt_sig = strtok (optarg_writable, ",");
+  while (opt_sig)
+    {
+      int signum = operand2sig (opt_sig, signame);
+      /* operand2sig accepts signal 0 (EXIT) - but we reject it.  */
+      if (signum == 0)
+        error (0, 0, _("%s: invalid signal"), quote (opt_sig));
+      if (signum <= 0)
+        usage (exit_failure);
+
+      signals[signum] = set_default ? DEFAULT : IGNORE;
+
+      opt_sig = strtok (nullptr, ",");
+    }
+
+  free (optarg_writable);
+}
+
+static void
+reset_signal_handlers (void)
+{
+  for (int i = 1; i <= SIGNUM_BOUND; i++)
+    {
+      struct sigaction act;
+
+      if (signals[i] == UNCHANGED)
+        continue;
+
+      bool ignore_errors = (signals[i] == DEFAULT_NOERR
+                            || signals[i] == IGNORE_NOERR);
+
+      bool set_to_default = (signals[i] == DEFAULT
+                             || signals[i] == DEFAULT_NOERR);
+
+      int sig_err = sigaction (i, nullptr, &act);
+
+      if (sig_err && !ignore_errors)
+        error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno,
+               _("failed to get signal action for signal %d"), i);
+
+      if (! sig_err)
+        {
+          act.sa_handler = set_to_default ? SIG_DFL : SIG_IGN;
+          sig_err = sigaction (i, &act, nullptr);
+          if (sig_err && !ignore_errors)
+            error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno,
+                   _("failed to set signal action for signal %d"), i);
+        }
+
+      if (dev_debug)
+        {
+          char signame[SIG2STR_MAX];
+          sig2str (i, signame);
+          devmsg ("Reset signal %s (%d) to %s%s\n",
+                  signame, i,
+                  set_to_default ? "DEFAULT" : "IGNORE",
+                  sig_err ? " (failure ignored)" : "");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void
+parse_block_signal_params (char const *optarg, bool block)
+{
+  char signame[SIG2STR_MAX];
+  char *opt_sig;
+  char *optarg_writable;
+
+  if (! optarg)
+    {
+      /* Without an argument, reset all signals.  */
+      sigfillset (block ? &block_signals : &unblock_signals);
+      sigemptyset (block ? &unblock_signals : &block_signals);
+    }
+  else if (! sig_mask_changed)
+    {
+      /* Initialize the sets.  */
+      sigemptyset (&block_signals);
+      sigemptyset (&unblock_signals);
+    }
+
+  sig_mask_changed = true;
+
+  if (! optarg)
+    return;
+
+  optarg_writable = xstrdup (optarg);
+
+  opt_sig = strtok (optarg_writable, ",");
+  while (opt_sig)
+    {
+      int signum = operand2sig (opt_sig, signame);
+      /* operand2sig accepts signal 0 (EXIT) - but we reject it.  */
+      if (signum == 0)
+        error (0, 0, _("%s: invalid signal"), quote (opt_sig));
+      if (signum <= 0)
+        usage (exit_failure);
+
+      sigaddset (block ? &block_signals : &unblock_signals, signum);
+      sigdelset (block ? &unblock_signals : &block_signals, signum);
+
+      opt_sig = strtok (nullptr, ",");
+    }
+
+  free (optarg_writable);
+}
+
+static void
+set_signal_proc_mask (void)
+{
+  /* Get the existing signal mask */
+  sigset_t set;
+  char const *debug_act;
+
+  sigemptyset (&set);
+
+  if (sigprocmask (0, nullptr, &set))
+    error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("failed to get signal process mask"));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= SIGNUM_BOUND; i++)
+    {
+      if (sigismember (&block_signals, i))
+        {
+          sigaddset (&set, i);
+          debug_act = "BLOCK";
+        }
+      else if (sigismember (&unblock_signals, i))
+        {
+          sigdelset (&set, i);
+          debug_act = "UNBLOCK";
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          debug_act = nullptr;
+        }
+
+      if (dev_debug && debug_act)
+        {
+          char signame[SIG2STR_MAX];
+          sig2str (i, signame);
+          devmsg ("signal %s (%d) mask set to %s\n",
+                  signame, i, debug_act);
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &set, nullptr))
+    error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("failed to set signal process mask"));
+}
+
+static void
+list_signal_handling (void)
+{
+  sigset_t set;
+  char signame[SIG2STR_MAX];
+
+  sigemptyset (&set);
+  if (sigprocmask (0, nullptr, &set))
+    error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("failed to get signal process mask"));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= SIGNUM_BOUND; i++)
+    {
+      struct sigaction act;
+      if (sigaction (i, nullptr, &act))
+        continue;
+
+      char const *ignored = act.sa_handler == SIG_IGN ? "IGNORE" : "";
+      char const *blocked = sigismember (&set, i) ? "BLOCK" : "";
+      char const *connect = *ignored && *blocked ? "," : "";
+
+      if (! *ignored && ! *blocked)
+        continue;
+
+      sig2str (i, signame);
+      fprintf (stderr, "%-10s (%2d): %s%s%s\n", signame, i,
+               blocked, connect, ignored);
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+initialize_signals (void)
+{
+  signals = xmalloc ((sizeof *signals) * (SIGNUM_BOUND + 1));
+
+  for (int i = 0 ; i <= SIGNUM_BOUND; i++)
+    signals[i] = UNCHANGED;
+
+  return;
+}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  int optc;
+  bool ignore_environment = false;
+  bool opt_nul_terminate_output = false;
+  char const *newdir = nullptr;
+
+  initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
+  set_program_name (argv[0]);
+  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
+  bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
+  textdomain (PACKAGE);
+
+  initialize_exit_failure (EXIT_CANCELED);
+  atexit (close_stdout);
+
+  initialize_signals ();
+
+  while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, shortopts, longopts, nullptr)) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (optc)
+        {
+        case 'i':
+          ignore_environment = true;
+          break;
+        case 'u':
+          append_unset_var (optarg);
+          break;
+        case 'v':
+          dev_debug = true;
+          break;
+        case '0':
+          opt_nul_terminate_output = true;
+          break;
+        case DEFAULT_SIGNAL_OPTION:
+          parse_signal_action_params (optarg, true);
+          parse_block_signal_params (optarg, false);
+          break;
+        case IGNORE_SIGNAL_OPTION:
+          parse_signal_action_params (optarg, false);
+          break;
+        case BLOCK_SIGNAL_OPTION:
+          parse_block_signal_params (optarg, true);
+          break;
+        case LIST_SIGNAL_HANDLING_OPTION:
+          report_signal_handling = true;
+          break;
+        case 'C':
+          newdir = optarg;
+          break;
+        case 'S':
+          parse_split_string (optarg, &optind, &argc, &argv);
+          break;
+        case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\v': case '\f': case '\r':
+          /* These are undocumented options.  Attempt to detect
+             incorrect shebang usage with extraneous space, e.g.:
+                #!/usr/bin/env -i command
+             In which case argv[1] == "-i command".  */
+          error (0, 0, _("invalid option -- '%c'"), optc);
+          error (0, 0, _("use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines"));
+          usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
+
+        case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
+        case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);
+        default:
+          usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (optind < argc && STREQ (argv[optind], "-"))
+    {
+      ignore_environment = true;
+      ++optind;
+    }
+
+  if (ignore_environment)
+    {
+      devmsg ("cleaning environ\n");
+      static char *dummy_environ[] = { nullptr };
+      environ = dummy_environ;
+    }
+  else
+    unset_envvars ();
+
+  char *eq;
+  while (optind < argc && (eq = strchr (argv[optind], '=')))
+    {
+      devmsg ("setenv:   %s\n", argv[optind]);
+
+      if (putenv (argv[optind]))
+        {
+          *eq = '\0';
+          error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("cannot set %s"),
+                 quote (argv[optind]));
+        }
+      optind++;
+    }
+
+  bool program_specified = optind < argc;
+
+  if (opt_nul_terminate_output && program_specified)
+    {
+      error (0, 0, _("cannot specify --null (-0) with command"));
+      usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
+    }
+
+  if (newdir && ! program_specified)
+    {
+      error (0, 0, _("must specify command with --chdir (-C)"));
+      usage (EXIT_CANCELED);
+    }
+
+  if (! program_specified)
+    {
+      /* Print the environment and exit.  */
+      char *const *e = environ;
+      while (*e)
+        printf ("%s%c", *e++, opt_nul_terminate_output ? '\0' : '\n');
+      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+  reset_signal_handlers ();
+  if (sig_mask_changed)
+    set_signal_proc_mask ();
+
+  if (report_signal_handling)
+    list_signal_handling ();
+
+  if (newdir)
+    {
+      devmsg ("chdir:    %s\n", quoteaf (newdir));
+
+      if (chdir (newdir) != 0)
+        error (EXIT_CANCELED, errno, _("cannot change directory to %s"),
+               quoteaf (newdir));
+    }
+
+  if (dev_debug)
+    {
+      devmsg ("executing: %s\n", argv[optind]);
+      for (int i=optind; i<argc; ++i)
+        devmsg ("   arg[%d]= %s\n", i-optind, quote (argv[i]));
+    }
+
+  execvp (argv[optind], &argv[optind]);
+
+  int exit_status = errno == ENOENT ? EXIT_ENOENT : EXIT_CANNOT_INVOKE;
+  error (0, errno, "%s", quote (argv[optind]));
+
+  if (exit_status == EXIT_ENOENT && strpbrk (argv[optind], C_ISSPACE_CHARS))
+    error (0, 0, _("use -[v]S to pass options in shebang lines"));
+
+  main_exit (exit_status);
+}