Adding upstream version 115.8.0esr.upstream/115.8.0esr

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+# `serde_with` User Guide
+
+This crate provides helper functions to extend and change how [`serde`] serializes different data types.
+For example, you can serialize [a map as a sequence of tuples][crate::guide::serde_as#maps-to-vec-of-tuples], serialize [using the `Display` and `FromStr` traits][`DisplayFromStr`], or serialize [an empty `String` like `None`][NoneAsEmptyString].
+`serde_with` covers types from the Rust Standard Library and some common crates like [`chrono`][serde_with_chrono].
+
+[**A list of all supported transformations is available on this page.**](crate::guide::serde_as_transformations)
+
+The crate offers four types of functionality.
+
+## 1. A more flexible and composable replacement for the with annotation, called `serde_as` *(v1.5.0+)*
+
+This is an alternative to [serde's with-annotation][with-annotation], which adds flexibility and composability to the scheme.
+The main downside is that it work with fewer types than [with-annotations][with-annotation].
+However, all types from the Rust Standard Library should be supported in all combinations and any missing entry is a bug.
+
+The `serde_as` scheme is based on two new traits: [`SerializeAs`] and [`DeserializeAs`].  
+[Check out the detailed page about `serde_as` and the available features.](crate::guide::serde_as)
+
+### Example
+
+```rust
+# use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+# use serde_with::{serde_as, DisplayFromStr};
+# use std::collections::HashMap;
+# use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
+#
+#[serde_as]
+# #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
+struct Data {
+    // Type does not implement Serialize or Deserialize
+    #[serde_as(as = "DisplayFromStr")]
+    address: Ipv4Addr,
+    // Treat the Vec like a map with duplicates
+    // Convert u32 into a String and keep the String the same type
+    #[serde_as(as = "HashMap<DisplayFromStr, _>")]
+    vec_as_map: Vec<(u32, String)>,
+}
+
+let data = Data {
+    address: Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1),
+    vec_as_map: vec![
+        (123, "Hello".into()),
+        (456, "World".into()),
+        (123, "Hello".into()),
+    ],
+};
+
+let json = r#"{
+  "address": "192.168.0.1",
+  "vec_as_map": {
+    "123": "Hello",
+    "456": "World",
+    "123": "Hello"
+  }
+}"#;
+
+// Test Serialization
+assert_eq!(json, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&data).unwrap());
+// Test Deserialization
+assert_eq!(data, serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap());
+```
+
+## 2. Integration with serde's with-annotation
+
+[serde's with-annotation][with-annotation] allows specifying a different serialization or deserialization function for a field.
+It is useful to adapt the serialization of existing types to the requirements of a protocol.
+Most modules in this crate can be used together with the with-annotation.
+
+The annotation approach has one big drawback, in that it is very inflexible.
+It allows specifying arbitrary serialization code, but the code has to perform the correct transformations.
+It is not possible to combine multiple of those functions.
+One common use case for this is the serialization of collections like `Vec`.
+If you have a field of type `T`, you can apply the with-annotation, but if you have a field of type `Vec<T>`, there is no way to re-use the same functions for the with-annotation.
+This inflexibility is fixed in the `serde_as` scheme presented above.
+
+The example shows a similar setup as in the `serde_as` example above, but using the with-annotation.
+
+### Example
+
+```rust
+# use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+# use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
+#
+# #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
+struct Data {
+    // Type does not implement Serialize or Deserialize
+    #[serde(with = "serde_with::rust::display_fromstr")]
+    address: Ipv4Addr,
+    // Treat the Vec like a map with duplicates
+    #[serde(with = "serde_with::rust::tuple_list_as_map")]
+    vec_as_map: Vec<(String, u32)>,
+}
+
+let data = Data {
+    address: Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1),
+    vec_as_map: vec![
+        ("Hello".into(), 123),
+        ("World".into(), 456),
+        ("Hello".into(), 123),
+    ],
+};
+
+let json = r#"{
+  "address": "192.168.0.1",
+  "vec_as_map": {
+    "Hello": 123,
+    "World": 456,
+    "Hello": 123
+  }
+}"#;
+
+// Test Serialization
+assert_eq!(json, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&data).unwrap());
+// Test Deserialization
+assert_eq!(data, serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap());
+```
+
+## 3. proc-macros to make it easier to use both above parts
+
+The proc-macros are an optional addition and improve the user experience for common tasks.
+We have already seen how the `serde_as` attribute is used to define the serialization instructions.
+
+The proc-macro attributes are defined in the [`serde_with_macros`] crate and re-exported from the root of this crate.
+The proc-macros are optional, but enabled by default.
+For further details, please refer to the documentation of each proc-macro.
+
+## 4. Derive macros to implement `Deserialize` and `Serialize`
+
+The derive macros work similar to the serde provided ones, but they do implement other de/serialization schemes.
+For example, the derives [`DeserializeFromStr`] and [`SerializeDisplay`] require that the type also implement [`FromStr`] and [`Display`] and de/serializes from/to a string instead of the usual way of iterating over all fields.
+
+## Migrating from the with-annotations to `serde_as`
+
+Each old style module explains how it can be converted to `serde_as`.
+Not all modules have such a description since not all are migrated and some are hard to implement in the `serde_as` system.
+
+[`Display`]: std::fmt::Display
+[`FromStr`]: std::str::FromStr
+[`serde_with_macros`]: serde_with_macros
+[serde_with_chrono]: crate::chrono
+[with-annotation]: https://serde.rs/field-attrs.html#with